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Vahedi SZ, Farhadian S, Shareghi B, Asgharzadeh S. Thermodynamic and functional changes of alpha-chymotrypsin after interaction with gallic acid. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124109. [PMID: 38447443 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, the interaction mechanism between gallic acid (GA) and α-Chymotrypsin (α-CT) was investigated by employing a series ofspectroscopic methods, computational docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. Fluorescence spectra analysis indicated the formation of a stable complex between GA and α-CT, where the quenching of the fluorescence emission was predominantly characterized by a static mechanism. TheCA obtained binding constants for the α-CT-GA complex were in the order of 103 M-1, indicating the moderate binding affinity of GA for α-CT. The corresponding CD findings showed that the interaction between GA and α-CT resulted in an alteration of the protein's secondary structure. The findings of the enzyme activity investigation clearly showed that the presence of GA led to a notable decline in the enzymatic activity of α-CT, highlighting GA's function as an effective inhibitor for α-CT. The molecular docking simulations revealed the optimal binding site for the GA molecule within the α-CT structure and MD simulations confirmed the stability of the α-CT-GA complex. This research expands our comprehension regarding the behavior of enzymes in the presence of small-molecule ligands and opens avenues for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zohreh Vahedi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box.115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sadegh Farhadian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box.115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Behzad Shareghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box.115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sanaz Asgharzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P. O. Box.115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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2
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Asghar A, Lipfert D, Kerpen K, Schmidt TC. Elucidating the inhibitory effects of natural organic matter on the photodegradation of organic micropollutants: Atrazine as a probe compound. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141390. [PMID: 38325617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) is a complex mixture of heterogeneous compounds with varying functional groups and molecular sizes. Understanding the impact of NOM on the generation of photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRIs) and their potential inhibitory effects on photolysis has remained challenging due to the variations in the reactivities and concentrations of these functional groups. To address this gap, tannic acid (TA), gallic acid (GA), catechin (CAT), and tryptophan (Trp), were chosen as potential substitutes for NOM. Their effects on the photochemical transformation process were evaluated and compared with the widely used Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM). Atrazine (ATZ) was selected as a probe organic micropollutant (OMP). In this investigation, a significantly higher concentration of HO• was observed compared to O21, and the triplet excited state ( NOM*3). The findings suggest that the substituted phenols, particularly those with carboxylate-substitutions, played a substantial role in HO• formation, while electron-rich moieties acted as antioxidants, consuming NOM*3. Hydroxyl, carboxylic, and amino acid were the active groups for O21 formation. However, the inhibitory effects induced by the NOM surrogates were significant and mainly attributed to the direct photolysis inhibition caused by the inner filter effect. The scope of this work was further extended to include SRNOM, where similar trends with less pronounced formation of PPRIs and inner filter effects were observed. Therefore, this study sheds some light on the role of the functional groups in NOM during photochemical transformations of OMPs, thereby deepening our understanding of their fate in aqueous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Asghar
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, Germany.
| | - Daniel Lipfert
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, Germany
| | - Klaus Kerpen
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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3
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Jiamboonsri P, Eurtivong C, Wanwong S. Assessing the Potential of Gallic Acid and Methyl Gallate to Enhance the Efficacy of β-Lactam Antibiotics against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Targeting β-Lactamase: In Silico and In Vitro Studies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1622. [PMID: 37998824 PMCID: PMC10669207 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a global health concern, has prompted research into antibiotic adjuvants as a potential solution. Although our group previously reported the enhancing effects of gallic acid (GA) and methyl gallate (MG) on penicillin G activity against MRSA, the synergistic potential with other β-lactam antibiotics and the underlying mechanism have not been fully explored. Therefore, this study primarily aimed to investigate the antibacterial synergism with β-lactam antibiotics through disc diffusion, checkerboard, and time-kill assays. The β-lactamase inhibition was also examined through both molecular modeling and in vitro experiments. Additionally, bacterial morphology changes were studied using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that both GA and MG exhibited anti-MRSA activity and showed indifferent effects when combined with β-lactam antibiotics against methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). Interestingly, MG demonstrated synergism with only the β-lactamase-unstable antibiotics against MRSA with the lowest fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indexes of ≤3.75. However, GA and MG exhibited weak β-lactamase inhibition. Furthermore, GA, MG, and the combination with ampicillin induced the morphological changes in MRSA, suggesting a possible mechanism affecting the cell membrane. These findings suggest that MG could potentially serve as an adjunct to β-lactam antibiotics to combat MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimsumon Jiamboonsri
- Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, 1 Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Chatchakorn Eurtivong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Si Ayutthaya Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Sompit Wanwong
- Materials Technology Program, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand;
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4
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Li T, Li J, Huang Y, Qayum A, Jiang Z, Liu Z. Comparison of interaction, structure, and cell proliferation of α-lactalbumin-safflower yellow complex induced by microwave heating or conventional heating. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:1846-1855. [PMID: 36347624 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protein-polyphenol interaction mechanism has always been a research hotspot, but their interaction is affected by heat treatment, which is widely applied in food processing. Moreover, the effects of microwave or water-bath heating on the protein-polyphenol interaction mechanism have been not clarified. The pasteurization condition (65 °C, 30 min) was selected to compare the effects of microwave or water bath on binding behavior, structure, and cell proliferation between α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and safflower yellow (SY), thus providing a guide for the selection of functional dairy processing conditions. RESULTS Microwave heat treatment of α-LA-SY resulted in stronger fluorescence quenching than that of conventional heat treatment. Moreover, the binding constant Ka of all α-LA-SY samples was augmented significantly after microwave or water bath treatment, and microwave-heated α-LA-SY showed the maximum Ka . Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that microwave heating resulted in more ordered structures of α-LA into its disordered structures than water bath heating. However, the ferric reducing antioxidant power and chroma value of α-LA-SY were more reduced by microwave heating than by water bath heating. Moreover, microwave heating facilitated the cell proliferation of α-LA-SY compared with water bath treatment. CONCLUSION It was demonstrated that microwave heating promoted interaction between α-LA and SY more than water bath heating did. Microwave heat treatment was a safe and effective way to enhance the binding affinity of α-LA to SY, being a potential application in food industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (Northeast Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (Northeast Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (Northeast Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdul Qayum
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (Northeast Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanmei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (Northeast Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
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Molecular Modeling Based on Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) Applied to the UV-Vis Spectra of Natural Compounds. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As diseases caused by solar radiation have gained great prominence, several methods to prevent them have been developed. Among the most common, the use of sunscreens is customary and accessible. The application of theoretical methods has helped to design new compounds with therapeutic and protective functions. Natural compounds with described photoprotective potential properties (3-O-methylquercetin, gallic acid, aloin, catechin, quercetin, and resveratrol) were selected to perform theoretical studies. Computational methods were applied to predict their absorption spectra, using DFT and TD-DFT methods with functional B3LYP/6−311+g(d,p) basis sets and methanol (IEFPCM) as a solvent. The main electronic transitions of the compounds were evaluated by observing whether the differences in HOMO and LUMO energies that absorb in the UV range are UVA (320–400 nm), UVB (290–320 nm), or UVC (100–290 nm). Experimental validation was carried out for EMC, quercetin, and resveratrol, demonstrating the consistency of the computational method. Results obtained suggest that resveratrol is a candidate for use in sunscreens. The study provided relevant information about the in silico predictive power of natural molecules with the potential for use as photoprotective adjuvants, which may result in fewer time and resource expenditures in the search for photoprotective compounds.
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Yadollahi E, Shareghi B, Farhadian S. Binding parameters and molecular dynamics of Trypsin-Acid Yellow 17 complexation as a function of concentration. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 281:121589. [PMID: 35872431 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acid Yellow 17 is a kind of azo dye used in food, textile, and cosmetics. Several studies explain the toxicity of azo dye for our body, but one could not find further information about the effects of these dyes on human macromolecules. In the current study, the interaction of AY17 with trypsin is investigated using several techniques. The UV analysis displayed that the absorption of trypsin could be decreased in the presence of this color. The fluorescence investigation indicated that a static form of quenching happens, and a 50% decrease in the fluorescence intensity, also showed the Vander Waals and hydrogen bond are the main forces in the interaction of this color and trypsin. Furthermore, we can observe that the Tm point of trypsin decreases from 46.5 to 42. On the other hand, the CD results were indicated that the interaction of this color with trypsin could decrease the percent of turn, coil and α-helix in trypsin structure. The computational study was undertaken to obtain more information about the interaction between trypsin and AY17. The results were in agreement with the experimental investigation and indicated that the interaction between this color and trypsin leads to less compactness in the trypsin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Yadollahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, P.O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Behzad Shareghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, P.O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Sadegh Farhadian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, P.O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
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7
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Olchowik-Grabarek E, Mies F, Sekowski S, Dubis AT, Laurent P, Zamaraeva M, Swiecicka I, Shlyonsky V. Enzymatic synthesis and characterization of aryl iodides of some phenolic acids with enhanced antibacterial properties. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:184011. [PMID: 35872033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acids represent a class of drugs with mild antibacterial properties. We have synthesized iodinated gallic and ferulic acids and together with commercially available iodinated forms of salicylic acids studied their cytotoxicity, bacteriostatic and anti-virulence action. Out of these, iodogallic acid had lowest minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.4 mM/118.8 μg/ml). Yet, it had strong effect on erythrocyte membrane lipid ordering and on α-hemolysin secretion by the bacteria at lower non-bacteriostatic and non-cytotoxic concentrations (<0.1 mM). Iodogallic acid formed static complexes with α-hemolysin in solutions (logKb = 4.69 ± 0.07) and inhibited its nano-pore conduction in artificial lipid bilayers (IC50 = 37.9 ± 5.3 μM). These effects of iodogallic acid converged on prevention of hemolysis induced by α-hemolysin (IC50 = 41.5 ± 4.2 μM) and pointed to enhanced and diverse anti-virulence properties of some aryl iodides. The analysis of molecular surface electrostatic charge distribution, molecular hydrophilicity, electronegativity, and dipole moment of studied compounds suggested the importance of the number of hydroxyl groups and their proximity to iodine in anti-virulence activity manifestation. In iodogallic acid, charge redistribution resulted in higher hydrophilicity without concomitant change in overall molecular electronegativity and dipole moment compared to non-iodinated gallic acid. This study shows new directions for the development of antibacterial/antivirulence therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Olchowik-Grabarek
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Frédérique Mies
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Szymon Sekowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Alina T Dubis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Pascal Laurent
- Laboratory of Chemistry Instruction, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Maria Zamaraeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Swiecicka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Vadim Shlyonsky
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
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8
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Xiao Y, Huang Y, Long F, Yang D, Huang Y, Han Y, Wu Y, Zhong K, Bu Q, Gao H, Huang Y. Insight into structural characteristics of theabrownin from Pingwu Fuzhuan brick tea and its hypolipidemic activity based on the in vivo zebrafish and in vitro lipid digestion and absorption models. Food Chem 2022; 404:134382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Sadat Mostafavi E, Asoodeh A, Chamani J. Evaluation of interaction between Ponceau 4R (P4R) and trypsin using kinetic, spectroscopic, and molecular dynamics simulation methods. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Magnetic reduced graphene oxide (MrGO) nanocomposites as Nano carries for loading and transferring of 10-hydroxycamptothecin. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Aggarwal S, Ikram S. Zinc oxide nanoparticles-impregnated chitosan surfaces for covalent immobilization of trypsin: Stability & kinetic studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:205-221. [PMID: 35259431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Trypsin (Try, EC. 3.4.21.4) was effectively immobilized on the surface of glutaraldehyde(GA)-activated ZnO/Chitosan nanocomposite through covalent attachment via Schiff-base linkages. Size, structure, surface morphology, & percentage elemental composition of the prepared ZnO nanoparticles and chitosan-coated ZnO nanocomposite were studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis (EDAX) techniques. Optimal immobilization conditions (incubation time (16 h), enzyme concentration (1.8 mg/ml), and pH (7.8)) were investigated to obtain the maximum expressed activity of the immobilized trypsin. Immobilized & solubilized trypsin exhibited the optimum catalytic activity at pH 8.5, 60 °C, and pH 7.8, 45 °C respectively. Kinetic parameters (Km, Vmax) of immobilized (27.12 μM, 8.82 μM/min) & free trypsin (25.76 μM, 4.16 μM/min) were determined, indicating that efficiency of trypsin improves after immobilization. Immobilized trypsin preserved 67% of initial activity at 50 °C during 2 h of incubation & sustained nearly 50% of catalytic activity until the 9th repeated cycle of utilization. Moreover, immobilized trypsin retained 50% of enzymatic activity after 90 days of storage at 4 °C. Hence, the current findings suggest that ZnO/Chitosan-GA-Trypsin would be a promising biocatalyst for large-scale biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Aggarwal
- Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Saiqa Ikram
- Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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12
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Meng X, Nan G, Li Y, Du Y, Zhao H, Zheng H, Li W, Liu H, Li Y, Yang G. Study on the interaction between nimodipine and five proteinases and the effects of naringin and vitamin C on these interactions by spectroscopic and molecular docking methods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 272:120982. [PMID: 35139470 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The interaction mechanisms of nimodipine with pepsin, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, lysozyme and human serum albumin were investigated by multispectral and molecular docking methods. Vitamin C and naringin were the main active components of grapefruit juice, and nimodipine was the typical drug that interacts with this juice. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to study the interaction of nimodipine with five proteinases (pepsin, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, lysozyme and human serum albumin) and the effects of vitamin C and naringin on these interactions. The fluorescence quenching results showed that nimodipine can quench the intrinsic fluorescence of these five proteinases by a static quenching procedure. Nimodipine binds to pepsin and α-chymotrypsin, through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces, whereas it binds to trypsin, lysozyme and human serum albumin mainly by hydrophobic interactions. The microenvironment of the five proteinases changed. The probability of nonradiative energy transfer between the five proteinases and nimodipine was high. Both vitamin C and naringin reduced the binding constant of nimodipine to the four proteinases (except α-chymotrypsin) and might increase the concentration of free nimodipine. Thus, vitamin C or naringin in fruits or foods could increase the blood concentration of free nimodipine and perhaps a reduction in nimodipine dose was needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxin Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Guanjun Nan
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhe Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yan Du
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hongwen Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wanlu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Henglin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Guangde Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
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Meng X, Nan G, Shi B, Li W, Liu H, Lin R, Yang G, Zheng S. Investigation on the interaction between myricetin and dihydromyricetin with trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, lysozyme by spectroscopy and molecular docking methods. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:810-821. [PMID: 35289053 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between myricetin and dihydromyricetin with trypsin, α-chymotrypsin and lysozyme was investigated using multispectral and molecular docking methods. The results of fluorescence quenching revealed that myricetin and dihydromyricetin could quench the intrinsic fluorescence of three different proteinases through a static quenching procedure. The binding constant and number of binding sites at different temperatures were measured. The thermodynamic parameters obtained at different temperatures showed van der Waals' interactions and hydrogen bonds played the main roles in the interaction of myricetin with trypsin and lysozyme, hydrophobic force was dominant both in myricetin with α-chymotrypsin interaction and dihydromyricetin with trypsin and lysozyme interaction, as for the electrostatic forces, it was the mainly driving force in dihydromyricetin binding to α-chymotrypsin. There was non-radiative energy transfer between three proteinases and myricetin or dihydromyricetin with high probability. The microenvironment of trypsin, α-chymotrypsin and lysozyme is changed. The docking studies revealed that myricetin and dihydromyricetin entered the hydrophobic cavity of three proteinases and formed hydrogen bond. The binding affinity of myricetin or dihydromyricetin is difference with the trypsin, α-chymotrypsin and lysozyme due to the different molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxin Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Guanjun Nan
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Bowen Shi
- Anesthesia Operation Center, Xi'an International Medical Center, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Wanlu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Henglin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Rong Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Guangde Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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14
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Calapoglu F, Sahin S, Ozmen I, Ozbek Yazici S. Investigation of interaction between dexamethasone/pheniramine and trypsin by fluorescence, UV-vis, CD, and molecular docking. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2202-2210. [PMID: 35098895 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2029565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Antihistamines and glucocorticoids are commonly used to treat allergy symptoms and the inflammatory conditions. In present study, the in-vitro binding interactions a glucocortikoid, dexamethasone/an antihistamine, pheniramine with TSN (TSN) secreted from pancreas to small intestine for protein digestion were investigated by fluorescence emission spectroscopy (FES), UV-Vis spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS), CD spectroscopy, FT-IR and molecular modeling methods. Also, the effect of these drugs on the catalytic activity of trypsin (TSN) was determined. The fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that each drugs quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of TSN with their increased concentrations. The results of SFS and UV-Vis spectra proved the interaction of dexamethasone and pheniramine with TSN. CD spectra showed that the secondary structure of enzyme was altered in the presence of the drugs. All these spectroscopy results were validated and explained by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation (MD) studies. The IC50 values were determined as 0.0049 mM and 0.0038 mM for dexamethasone and pheniramine, respectively. So, both drugs have inhibition effect on the catalytic activity of TSN. The results of this study can provide valuable information in the field of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Calapoglu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Cunur, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Selmihan Sahin
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Cunur, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ismail Ozmen
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Cunur, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Sercan Ozbek Yazici
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Istiklal Yerleskesi, Burdur, Turkey
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Sahebi U, Gholami H, Ghalandari B, Badalkhani-khamseh F, Nikzamir A, Divsalar A. Evaluation of BLG ability for binding to 5-FU and Irinotecan simultaneously under acidic condition: A spectroscopic, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Zhu GF, Lyu SL, Liu Y, Ma C, Wang W. Spectroscopic and computational studies on the binding interaction between gallic acid and Pin1. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:2014-2021. [PMID: 34490991 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is a natural ingredient in functional foods, which has various health-promoting and antitumour effects. Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 plays an important role in preventing the development of some malignant tumours. However, whether there was an interaction between Pin1 and GA remains unknown. In this work, the binding information of GA and Pin1 was investigated systematically using multiple spectral and computational methods. GA bound to Pin1 directly with moderate binding affinity in the order of 104 mol/L, therefore decreasing the activity of Pin1. Also, the binding process of GA to Pin1 was driven through weak van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic forces. In addition, the important residues Lys63, Arg68, and Arg69 played a significant role in maintaining the binding stability between Pin1 and GA. Interestingly, GA reduced the activity of Pin1 by affecting its conformational characteristics. Our present work showed that GA binds to Pin1 and inhibits its activity, affecting its structural and functional properties, which may contribute to the therapy of Pin1-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Fei Zhu
- Institute of Food and Drug Manufacturing Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, China
| | - Shao Li Lyu
- Department of Ecology and Resource Engineering, Hetao College, Inner Mongolia, Bayannur, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Food and Drug Manufacturing Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, China
| | - Wang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Sahin S, Calapoglu F, Ozbek Yazici S, Ozmen I. Investigation of binding interaction behavior between antiemetic drugs and Trypsin by spectroscopy and molecular docking. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 258:119817. [PMID: 33901946 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antiemetic drugs are used to control excessive vomiting and nausea and generally absorbed through gastrointestinal tract. In present study, the in-vitro binding interactions two of the antiemetic drugs (dimenhydrinate and ondansetron) between Trypsin (Tsn) secreted from pancreas to small intestine for protein digestion were investigated by fluorescence emission spectroscopy (FES), UV-VIS spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS), FT-IR spectroscopy and molecular modeling methods. Also, the effect of these drugs on the catalytic activity of Tsn was determined. The fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that each drugs quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of Tsn with their increased concentrations. The results of SFS and UV-VIS spectra proved the interaction of dimenhydrinate and ondansetron with Tsn. FT-IR spectra showed that the secondary structure of enzyme was altered in the presence of the drugs. All these spectroscopy results were validated and explained by molecular docking studies. Both drugs have inhibition effect on the catalytic activity of Tsn and the IC50 values were determined as 2.6 × 10-4 M and 6.4 × 10-4 M for dimenhydrinate and ondansetron, respectively. Docking results revealed that the hydrogen bond interaction of dimenhydrinate with active-site residue Ser195 and ondansetron with active-site residues His57 and Ser195 hydrogen bonds might be cause the inhibition of enzyme activity. The results of this study can provide valuable information in the field of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selmihan Sahin
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Cunur, Isparta 32260, Turkey.
| | - Furkan Calapoglu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Cunur, Isparta 32260, Turkey
| | - Sercan Ozbek Yazici
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Istiklal Yerleskesi, Burdur 15100, Turkey
| | - Ismail Ozmen
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Cunur, Isparta 32260, Turkey
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Hernandez-Aguilar C, Dominguez-Pacheco A, Valderrama-Bravo C, Cruz-Orea A, Martínez Ortiz E, Ivanov R, Ordonez-Miranda J. Photoacoustic characterization of wheat bread mixed with Moringa oleifera.. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:521-531. [PMID: 34401748 PMCID: PMC8350460 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic spectroscopy is applied to evaluate the impact of Moringa at different concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10%) on the elaboration, sanity, texture, and color of wheat bread. It was found that: i) Photoacoustic signal amplitude values of bread significantly increase from 37 to 90% when moringa powder concentration raises from 1.25% to 10%, at 300 nm wavelength. ii) Comparing the photoacoustic signal values at 300, 330, and 370 nm wavelengths, produced by the different bread types, there were statistically significant differences. iii) The sanitary quality of bread mixed with a 2.5% of moringa is relatively higher than the ones obtained for other concentrations, such that the number of fungal colonies were reduced by 99% in comparison with the control bread without moringa, after six days of storage. Moringa at 2.5% of concentration could thus improve the sanitary quality of wheat bread. iv) The addition of moringa for making bread slows down its textural changes (hardness, elasticity, cohesiveness, resilience, and chewiness) during storage. v) Finally, the highest correlation between the photoacoustic amplitude and the moringa concentration occurs at the wavelengths of 300 and 330 nm, which could be related to significant changes in the content of flavonoids and phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Hernandez-Aguilar
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, SEPI-ESIME, Zacatenco. Programa en Ingeniería de Sistemas-Sistemas Biofísicos en Agricultura y Alimentación. Col. Lindavista. 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A. Dominguez-Pacheco
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, SEPI-ESIME, Zacatenco. Programa en Ingeniería de Sistemas-Sistemas Biofísicos en Agricultura y Alimentación. Col. Lindavista. 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - C. Valderrama-Bravo
- FES-Cuautitlán, U. N. A. M., Campus 4, Km 2.5 Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, San Sebastian Xhala C.P. 54714, Edo de México, Mexico
| | - A. Cruz-Orea
- Departamento de Física, CINVESTAV–IPN, A. P. 14-740. 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - E. Martínez Ortiz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, SEPI-ESIME, Zacatenco. Programa en Ingeniería de Sistemas-Sistemas Biofísicos en Agricultura y Alimentación. Col. Lindavista. 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rumen Ivanov
- Unidad Academica de Física, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, A.P. 580, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - J. Ordonez-Miranda
- Institut Pprime, CNRS, Université de Poitiers, ISAE-ENSMA, F-86962 Futuroscope, Chasseneuil, France
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Abdollahi K, Condict L, Hung A, Kasapis S. Binding parameters and molecular dynamics of β-lactoglobulin-vanillic acid complexation as a function of pH - part B: Neutral pH. Food Chem 2021; 367:130655. [PMID: 34371277 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the dimeric form of β-lactoglobulin and vanillic acid were investigated at pH 7.2, using a variety of spectroscopic techniques and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. FTIR and CD studies showed alterations in the secondary structure of the protein upon its interaction with the ligand. Fluorescence measurements indicated that the dimeric complex with the phenolic acid produced a large dissociation constant (KD) compared to the monomeric counterpart at acidic pH (part A of this series). Stoichiometry of 1:1 was identified for the β-lactoglobulin-vanillic acid complex by Job plot analysis at neutral pH suggesting two ligand molecules can participate in binding with the dimer. Molecular docking and MD simulations suggested that the top-ranked binding sites of the ligand were located at the entrance of each β-barrel structure of the dimer. These simulations also allowed identification of the contribution of water molecules, in the form of protein-water-ligand bridging interactions, to the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Abdollahi
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Lloyd Condict
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Stefan Kasapis
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
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Pineda-Alegría JA, Sánchez JE, Ventura-Zapata E, González-Cortazar M, Aguilar-Marcelino L. Nematicidal Effect of Shiitake ( Lentinula edodes) Extracts Against Haemonchus contortus. J Med Food 2021; 24:953-959. [PMID: 33733862 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the previous decades, the indiscriminate use of anthelmintics for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes has generated anthelmintic resistance in different parts of the world. It is necessary to search for new sustainable control alternatives, such as the use of extracts from plants and edible mushrooms. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the nematicidal activity of extracts and fractions of the edible mushroom Lentinula edodes against Haemonchus contortus eggs and infective larvae. The basidiomata of L. edodes ECS-401 were provided by the Tropical Fungi Laboratory of El Colegio de la Frontera Sur and were extracted with ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. Fractionation of the most active extract was carried out by open column chromatography. The bioassays were performed in 96-well microtiter plates using 100 eggs/larvae, a final volume of 100 μL, and different concentrations of extracts/fractions (n = 4). Bioassay readings were taken at 48 h for egg hatching inhibition (EHI) and at 24, 48 and 72 h for larval mortality (LM). The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest percentage of EHI (100%). For the LM bioassay, the aqueous extract was the most active (69%), but its fractions did not show larvicidal activity. The chemical profile of the aqueous extract was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, which showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, and terpenes. L. edodes extracts showed ovicidal and/or larvicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José E Sánchez
- Tropical Mushroom Laboratory, Southern Frontier College, Tapachula, Mexico
| | - Elsa Ventura-Zapata
- Biotechnology Department, Center for the Development of Biotic Products, Yautepec, Mexico
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21
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Anti-Oxidative Activity of Alcohol-Water Extracts from Field Horsetail ( Equisteum arvense) in Elastomer Vulcanizates Subjected to Accelerated Aging Processes. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13214903. [PMID: 33142875 PMCID: PMC7663140 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The article aimed to highlight the antioxidant potential of natural extracts obtained from Equisteum arvense in elastomer vulcanizatec made of natural rubber. Horsetail extracts were prepared using four solvent systems at different volume ratios: methanol–water (50/50 and 70/30) and ethanol–water (50/50 and 70/30), which were then lyophilized and added to the polymer matrix. A deep characterization of the obtained bio-additives was performed. The obtained vulcanizates were subjected to various aging processes: thermo-oxidative, ultraviolet and solar. Then, the resistance and susceptibility of vulcanizates to selected processes of accelerated, simulated degradation were determined based on the changes in the spatial structure (network nodes), material strength and physical properties (color). The research showed the presence of polyphenols in the extracts of horsetail, which resulted in their high anti-oxidative activity. Moreover, the extracts were able to absorb UV radiation. As a consequence, they were active additives that protected rubber vulcanizates against the damaging effects of the aging processes, securing their functional properties. Samples containing natural extracts were characterized by better stability of: mechanical strength parameters, the increase in cross-linking density and color changes after simulating aging processes in comparison with the control sample.
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22
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Zeng X, Du Z, Ding X, Zhao Y, Jiang W. Preparation, characterization and in vitro hypoglycemic activity of banana condensed tannin-inulin conjugate. Food Funct 2020; 11:7973-7986. [PMID: 32839802 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01652g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To enhance the hypoglycemic effects of inulin, banana condensed tannins (BCT) were grafted onto inulin via a free radical method to synthesize the novel BCT grafted inulin (BCT-g-inulin) complex. Spectroscopic methods, XRD, TGA, 1H NMR, GPC and morphology analyses were utilized to characterize the structural properties of the BCT-g-inulin complex, and our results confirmed the conjugation of BCT and inulin. The conjugation possibly occurred between the hydroxyl group attached at the C6 position of inulin and the C6/C8 position of flavon-3-ol units of BCT. The grafting ratio and grafting efficiency of the BCT-g-inulin complex were 357.54 ± 2.98 g kg-1 complex and 74.57 ± 1.44%, respectively. The data of the antioxidant assays indicated that the BCT-g-inulin complex showed a significantly higher antioxidant activity than native inulin. Also, the grafting reaction remarkably improved the in vitro anti-diabetic activity of inulin. The glucose adsorption capacity and glucose dialysis retardation index of the BCT-g-inulin complex were remarkably higher than those of inulin, while the BCT-g-inulin complex showed much stronger inhibitory effects against α-amylase and α-glucosidase compared with inulin. Notably, the inhibition of both α-amylase and α-glucosidase by the BCT-g-inulin complex occurred through mixed-competitive mode. On the basis of fluorescence spectroscopy, the fluorescence of α-amylase and α-glucosidase could be quenched by the BCT-g-inulin complex through a static quenching mechanism. Hence, the BCT-g-inulin complex might have the potential to be developed as an effective anti-diabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangquan Zeng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 111, Qinghua Donglu No. 17, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Zhenjiao Du
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 111, Qinghua Donglu No. 17, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Ding
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 111, Qinghua Donglu No. 17, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yunshu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 111, Qinghua Donglu No. 17, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 111, Qinghua Donglu No. 17, Beijing, 100083, PR China
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Banana condensed tannins scavenge glyphosate in aqueous solution through non-covalent interactions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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24
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Study on the interaction between lovastatin and three digestive enzymes and the effect of naringin and vitamin C on it by spectroscopy and docking methods. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:1440-1449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ren G, Sun H, Li G, Fan J, Du L, Cui G. Interaction mechanism of aloe-emodin with trypsin: molecular structure-affinity relationship and effect on biological activities. RSC Adv 2020; 10:20862-20871. [PMID: 35517743 PMCID: PMC9054315 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02712j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of interaction between aloe-emodin (AE) and trypsin was investigated, exhibiting remarkable outcomes. To detect the interaction mechanism, the binding of AE with trypsin was examined by a multi-spectroscopy and molecular docking method. Results showed that the binding of AE and trypsin would lead to static quenching and their binding forces were van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding. The results of simultaneous and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the combination of AE and trypsin caused changes in the microenvironment around the trypsin fluorophore, which might change the spatial structure of trypsin. FT-IR spectroscopy showed that the contents of α-helix and β-turn in trypsin were decreased and the contents of β-sheet, random coil and antiparallel β-sheet were increased. Moreover, all these experimental results were verified and reasonably explained by molecular docking results. We also investigated the enzyme activity of trypsin and the antioxidant activity of AE. The results showed that both the enzyme activity of trypsin and the antioxidant activity of AE were decreased after interaction between AE and trypsin. The findings outlined in this study should elucidate the molecular mechanisms of interaction between AE and trypsin and contribute to making full use of AE in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Ren
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 China +86-15937969597.,Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Material Luoyang 471023 China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Food Processing and Safety Education Luoyang 471023 China
| | - He Sun
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 China +86-15937969597
| | - Gen Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 China +86-15937969597
| | - Jinling Fan
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 China +86-15937969597
| | - Lin Du
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 China +86-15937969597
| | - Guoting Cui
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 China +86-15937969597
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Abstract
An infusion of green coffee is a commonly consumed beverage, famous for its health-promoting properties. Green coffee owes its properties to the richness of active phytochemicals. The aim of this study was to determine the components of green coffee bean extracts and their properties. The scope of research included gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) spectroscopy; the electrochemical determination of the behavior of green coffee extract; and the determination of antioxidant properties by colorimetric spectroscopic methods (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and CUPRAC). Water and ethanol extracts from green coffee were characterized by significant antioxidant properties and a high capacity to reduce transition metal ions. Voltammetric tests showed that the solution has good antioxidant properties in view of it contains many polyphenolic compounds that oxidize in the potential range tested.
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Gholami H, Divsalar A, Abbasalipourkabir R, Ziamajidi N, Saeidifar M. The simultaneous carrier ability of natural antioxidant of astaxanthin and chemotherapeutic drug of 5-fluorouracil by whey protein of β-lactoglobulin: spectroscopic and molecular docking study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:1004-1016. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1733091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Gholami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Adeleh Divsalar
- Department of Cell & Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nasrin Ziamajidi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Saeidifar
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran
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Study of the Interaction of Novel Nonprotein Amino Acids with Trypsin by Steady-State Fluorescence Spectroscopy. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:229-233. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zeng X, Sheng Z, Li X, Fan X, Jiang W. In vitro studies on the interactions of blood lipid level-related biological molecules with gallic acid and tannic acid. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6882-6892. [PMID: 31386202 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To provide the scientific evidence for a possible new mechanism of hypolipidemic effects of gallic acid (GA) and tannic acid (TA), the binding capacity of GA and TA with blood lipid level-related biological molecules, including fat, cholesterol and cholates, were investigated in vitro. Additionally, we attempted to study the interactions of cholates with GA and TA by spectroscopic methods, high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) analysis and molecular modeling studies. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that both GA and TA were capable of binding with the blood lipid level-related biological molecules in vitro. The fat-binding capacity of TA was 122.1% that of GA when the addition of polyphenol was 90 mg. The inhibitory effects of GA and TA on the cholesterol solubility in mixed micelles and liquid egg yolk exhibited a dose-dependent relationship (0.5-2.0 mg mL-1 ). In cholate-binding tests, TA showed higher affinity for sodium cholate than GA at a concentration of 2.0 mg mL-1 , while no significant difference in the affinity for sodium deoxycholate was found between GA and TA. Moreover, the data of spectroscopic methods, HPLC-ESI-MS analysis and molecular modeling studies indicated that GA and TA might precipitate cholates through hydrophobic interactions and intermolecular hydrogen bonds rather than covalent bonds. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study suggested that the binding capacity of GA and TA with blood lipid level-related biological molecules might play a crucial role in their hypolipidemic effects in animals. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangquan Zeng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongting Sheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangxin Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinguang Fan
- College of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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30
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Polyphenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Juglans regia L. Leaves and Husk Extracts. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10110988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to characterize the antioxidant capacity and establish the profile of polyphenolic compounds in walnut extracts (different extracts prepared from walnut leaf and green husks). The correlation between bioingredients of the product tested and their ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce them by chelating various metal ions were examined. Research technology combining TG (thermogravimetry), FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), high-performance liquid chromatography system (HPLC) with electrochemical methods (cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry) and spectrophotometric methods (ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH assays) was used to rate the potential oxidation-reduction components of walnut extracts. A high affinity for scavenging free radicals ABTS and DPPH was found for natural substances present in leaves and green husks. The walnut is beneficial to health as it contains alpha-linolenic acid in its lipid fraction and, as demonstrated in this study, its husks are rich in polyphenolics with high antioxidant capacity.
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Characterization of the interactions between apple condensed tannins and biologically important metal ions [Fe2+ (3d6), Cu2+ (3d9) and Zn2+ (3d10)]. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zeng X, Du Z, Ding X, Jiang W. Characterization of the direct interaction between apple condensed tannins and cholesterol in vitro. Food Chem 2019; 309:125762. [PMID: 31670123 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To provide the scientific evidences for a possible new hypocholesterolemic mechanism of apple condensed tannins (ACT), the direct interaction of ACT with cholesterol (CH) was investigated in the present study. Our results suggested that the quenching of ACT fluorescence by CH was carried out according to a static mechanism, while the interaction between ACT and CH in vitro was a spontaneous process. ACT were capable of binding with CH directly, and the CH-binding capacity (35.9-43.9%) of ACT remarkably enhanced with the increase of ACT concentration (0.5-2.0 mg proanthocyanidin B2 equivalent/mL). Besides, spectroscopic methods and morphological analysis were used to characterize the ACT-CH coprecipitates, the findings indicated that ACT were able to precipitate CH via ionic interactions, hydrophobic interactions and intermolecular hydrogen bonds rather than covalent bonds. In conclusion, the direct interaction of ACT with CH might play a role in their CH-lowering effects in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangquan Zeng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 111, Qinghua Donglu No. 17, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Zhenjiao Du
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 111, Qinghua Donglu No. 17, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Xiaomeng Ding
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 111, Qinghua Donglu No. 17, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 111, Qinghua Donglu No. 17, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Characterization of the interactions between banana condensed tannins and biologically important metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+). Food Res Int 2019; 123:518-528. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Inhibition of CpLIP2 Lipase Hydrolytic Activity by Four Flavonols (Galangin, Kaempferol, Quercetin, Myricetin) Compared to Orlistat and Their Binding Mechanisms Studied by Quenching of Fluorescence. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162888. [PMID: 31398944 PMCID: PMC6719172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of recombinant CpLIP2 lipase/acyltransferase from Candida parapsiolosis was considered a key model for novel antifungal drug discovery and a potential therapeutic target for candidiasis. Lipases have identified recently as potent virulence factors in C. parapsilosis and some other yeasts. The inhibition effects of orlistat and four flavonols (galangin, kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin) characterized by an increasing degree of hydroxylation in B-ring, were investigated using ethyl oleate hydrolysis as the model reaction. Orlistat and kaempferol (14 µM) strongly inhibited CpLIP2 catalytic activity within 1 min of pre-incubation, by 90% and 80%, respectively. The relative potency of flavonols as inhibitors was: kaempferol > quercetin > myricetin > galangin. The results suggested that orlistat bound to the catalytic site while kaempferol interacted with W294 on the protein lid. A static mechanism of interactions between flavonols and CpLIP2 lipase was confirmed by fluorescence quenching analyses, indicating that the interactions were mainly driven by hydrophobic bonds and electrostatic forces. From the Lehrer equation, fractions of tryptophan accessibility to the quencher were evaluated, and a relationship with the calculated number of binding sites was suggested.
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Effect of Impregnation of Biodegradable Polyesters with Polyphenols from Cistus Linnaeus and Juglans regia Linnaeus Walnut Green Husk. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11040669. [PMID: 30979074 PMCID: PMC6523312 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The publication describes a process combining the extraction of plant material and impregnation of biodegradable polymers (polylactide (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)). As raw plant materials for making extracts, Cistus and green walnut husk were selected due to their high content of active phytochemicals, including antioxidants. The extracts used to impregnate polymers contained valuable polyphenolic compounds, as confirmed by FTIR and UV–Vis spectroscopy. After impregnation, the polymer samples showed greater thermal stability, determined by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. In addition, despite the presence of natural antibacterial and antifungal substances in the extracts, the polyester samples remained biodegradable. The manuscript also describes the effect of UV aging on the change of surface free energy and the color of polymers. UV aging has been selected for testing due to the high susceptibility of plant compounds to this degrading factor. The combination of the extraction of plant material and polymer impregnation in one process proved to be an effective and functional method, as both the obtained plant extracts and impregnated polymers showed the expected properties.
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Ren G, Sun H, Guo J, Fan J, Li G, Xu S. Molecular mechanism of the interaction between resveratrol and trypsin via spectroscopy and molecular docking. Food Funct 2019; 10:3291-3302. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00183b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanism of the interaction between resveratrol and trypsin and its effect on their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Ren
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471023
- China
| | - He Sun
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471023
- China
| | - Jinying Guo
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471023
- China
| | - Jinling Fan
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471023
- China
| | - Gen Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471023
- China
| | - Saiwen Xu
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471023
- China
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37
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Structural Characterization of the Recombinant Human Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2b Kinase Domain Upon Interaction with Flavonoids. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Khajeh MA, Dehghan G, Dastmalchi S, Shaghaghi M, Iranshahi M. Spectroscopic profiling and computational study of the binding of tschimgine: A natural monoterpene derivative, with calf thymus DNA. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 192:384-392. [PMID: 29195192 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA is a major target for a number of anticancer substances. Interaction studies between small molecules and DNA are essential for rational drug designing to influence main biological processes and also introducing new probes for the assay of DNA. Tschimgine (TMG) is a monoterpene derivative with anticancer properties. In the present study we tried to elucidate the interaction of TMG with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) using different spectroscopic methods. UV-visible absorption spectrophotometry, fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies as well as molecular docking study revealed formation of complex between TMG and CT-DNA. Binding constant (Kb) between TMG and DNA was 2.27×104M-1, that is comparable to groove binding agents. The fluorescence spectroscopic data revealed that the quenching mechanism of fluorescence of TMG by CT-DNA is static quenching. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH<0 and ΔS<0) at different temperatures indicated that van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds were involved in the binding process of TMG with CT-DNA. Competitive binding assay with methylene blue (MB) and Hoechst 33258 using fluorescence spectroscopy displayed that TMG possibly binds to the minor groove of CT-DNA. These observations were further confirmed by CD spectral analysis, viscosity measurements and molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gholamreza Dehghan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Shaghaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P. O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zhang Y, Li CM. The detoxifying effects of structural elements of persimmon tannin on Chinese cobra phospholipase A 2 correlated with their structural disturbing effects well. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25:731-740. [PMID: 28911659 PMCID: PMC9328822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of persimmon tannin (PT) characteristic structural elements on Naja atra phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-induced lethality, myotoxicity, and hemolysis in mice models were determined. In addition, methods including surface plasmon resonance, dynamic light scattering, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were explored to uncover the possible detoxifying mechanisms of PT on snake venom PLA2. Our results revealed that PT characteristic elements (EGCG, ECG, A-type EGCG dimer, and A-type ECG dimer) could neutralize the lethality, myotoxicity, and hemolysis of PLA2. Moreover, the detoxifying effects of the four structural elements correlated with their structural disturbing effects well. Our results proved that A-type EGCG dimer and A-type ECG dimer may be structural requirements for the detoxifying effects of PT. We propose that the high affinity of A-type EGCG dimer and A-type ECG dimer for PLA2 and the considerable spatial structural disturbance of PLA2 induced by the dimers may be responsible for their antilethality, antimyotoxicity, and antihemolysis on Chinese cobra PLA2in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chun-Mei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
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Labudda M, Różańska E, Szewińska J, Sobczak M, Dzik JM. Protease activity and phytocystatin expression in Arabidopsis thaliana upon Heterodera schachtii infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 109:416-429. [PMID: 27816823 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The activity of plant proteases is important for amino acids recycling, removal of damaged proteins as well as defence responses. The second-stage juvenile of the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii penetrates host roots and induces the feeding site called a syncytium. To determine whether infection by H. schachtii affects proteolysis, the protease activity was studied in Arabidopsis roots and shoots at the day of inoculation and 3, 7 and 15 days post inoculation (dpi). Nematode infection caused a decrease of protease activities in infected roots over the entire examination period at all studied pH values. In contrast, the activities of the low molecular mass as well as Ca2+-dependent cysteine proteases were found to be stimulated. In shoots of infected plants, the protease activity was diminished only at 15 dpi at all tested pH values. It was accompanied by changes in total soluble protein content, a higher protein carbonylation and a total polyphenol content. To go deeper into proteolysis regulation, the expression of phytocystatin genes, endogenous inhibitors of cysteine proteases, was examined in syncytia, roots and shoots. Expression of AtCYS1, AtCYS5 and AtCYS6 genes was enhanced upon cyst nematode infection. Our results suggest that changes in protease activities in roots and shoots and altered cystatin expression patterns in syncytia, roots and shoots are important for protein metabolism during cyst nematode infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Labudda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Różańska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Szewińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mirosław Sobczak
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Maria Dzik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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