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Deshmukh N, Bhaskaran L. Optimization of cultural and nutritional conditions to enhance mycelial biomass of Cordyceps militaris using statistical approach. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:235-244. [PMID: 38150151 PMCID: PMC10920581 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is a fungus with numerous therapeutic properties that has gained worldwide popularity due to its potential health benefits. The fruiting body of this mushroom is highly expensive and takes a longer time to produce, making mycelial a sustainable and cost-effective alternative. The study investigates and optimizes cultural and nutritional conditions to maximize mycelial biomass. The initial optimization was done by the conventional single-factor approach, followed by Plackett-Burman design to screen the most significant variables, with yeast extract, temperature, and glucose being the most significant, contributing 11.58%, 49.74%, and 27.98%, respectively, in mycelial biomass production. These variables were then optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The study observed that temperature and glucose had the highest impact on mycelial biomass, with p-values of 0.0128 and 0.0191, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, temperature 20 °C, glucose 2.5% (w/v), and yeast extract 0.8% (w/v), the maximal yield of mycelial biomass reached 547 ± 2.09 mg/100 mL, which was 1.95-fold higher than the yield in the basal medium. These findings suggest that optimizing the cultural and nutritional conditions can enhance mycelial biomass production of Cordyceps militaris, offering a sustainable and cost-effective source of this valuable fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niketan Deshmukh
- L J School of Applied Sciences, L J University, Ahmedabad, 382210, India.
| | - Lakshmi Bhaskaran
- L J School of Applied Sciences, L J University, Ahmedabad, 382210, India
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Dong Z, Sun X. Chemical components in cultivated Cordyceps sinensis and their effects on fibrosis. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2024; 16:162-167. [PMID: 38375041 PMCID: PMC10874759 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Cultivated Cordyceps sinensis powder has been used as clinical drug and healthy food to nourish the lung and kidney, which solves the problem of serious shortage of wild C. sinensis. This study aims to explore the chemical components and compared their anti-fibrotic effects in cultivated C. sinensis. Methods Nucleosides, sterols and polysaccharides were separated and purified from cultivated C. sinensis, and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemical chromogenic methods, respectively. In high glucose-induced rat mesangial cell models, fibronectin and type 1 collagen were used as evaluation indicators. Results There were 10 kinds of nucleosides and one sterol in cultivated C. sinensis. The contents of nucleosides, sterols and polysaccharides in the cultivated C. sinensis were close to 2%, 0.55% and 4.4%, respectively. Furthermore, nucleoside, sterol and polysaccharide components exhibited varying degrees of anti-fibrotic activity. The nucleoside components and sterol components inhibited the expression of extracellular matrix more effectively in the three main components. Conclusion Cultivated C. sinensis remains the similar compounds with the wild C. sinensis, and nucleosides and sterols may be the main active substances that contribute to its anti-fibrotic effects. The project of this study may provide valuable information on further optimization of more effective remedies with few side effects based on cultivated C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory: Magnetic Field-free Medicine & Functional Imaging, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Li C, Zhu L, Liu JX, Guo J, Xie J, Shi CM, Sun QY, Huang GN, Li JY. Cordycepin delays postovulatory aging of oocytes through inhibition of maternal mRNAs degradation via DCP1A polyadenylation suppression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:372. [PMID: 38001238 PMCID: PMC10674002 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Postovulatory aging leads to the decline in oocyte quality and subsequent impairment of embryonic development, thereby reducing the success rate of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Potential preventative strategies preventing oocytes from aging and the associated underlying mechanisms warrant investigation. In this study, we identified that cordycepin, a natural nucleoside analogue, promoted the quality of oocytes aging in vitro, as indicated by reduced oocyte fragmentation, improved spindle/chromosomes morphology and mitochondrial function, as well as increased embryonic developmental competence. Proteomic and RNA sequencing analyses revealed that cordycepin inhibited the degradation of several crucial maternal proteins and mRNAs caused by aging. Strikingly, cordycepin was found to suppress the elevation of DCP1A protein by inhibiting polyadenylation during postovulatory aging, consequently impeding the decapping of maternal mRNAs. In humans, the increased degradation of DCP1A and total mRNA during postovulatory aging was also inhibited by cordycepin. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that cordycepin prevents postovulatory aging of mammalian oocytes by inhibition of maternal mRNAs degradation via suppressing polyadenylation of DCP1A mRNA, thereby promoting oocyte developmental competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Human Embryo Engineering, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Human Embryo Engineering, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Xia Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Human Embryo Engineering, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Juan Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Human Embryo Engineering, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Meng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guo-Ning Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Human Embryo Engineering, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jing-Yu Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Human Embryo Engineering, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China.
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Wang H, Chen Y, Wang L, Liu Q, Yang S, Wang C. Advancing herbal medicine: enhancing product quality and safety through robust quality control practices. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1265178. [PMID: 37818188 PMCID: PMC10561302 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1265178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript provides an in-depth review of the significance of quality control in herbal medication products, focusing on its role in maintaining efficiency and safety. With a historical foundation in traditional medicine systems, herbal remedies have gained widespread popularity as natural alternatives to conventional treatments. However, the increasing demand for these products necessitates stringent quality control measures to ensure consistency and safety. This comprehensive review explores the importance of quality control methods in monitoring various aspects of herbal product development, manufacturing, and distribution. Emphasizing the need for standardized processes, the manuscript delves into the detection and prevention of contaminants, the authentication of herbal ingredients, and the adherence to regulatory standards. Additionally, it highlights the integration of traditional knowledge and modern scientific approaches in achieving optimal quality control outcomes. By emphasizing the role of quality control in herbal medicine, this manuscript contributes to promoting consumer trust, safeguarding public health, and fostering the responsible use of herbal medication products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Cunqin Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Innovative Center for Drug Basic Research of Metabolic Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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Chen M, Luo J, Jiang W, Chen L, Miao L, Han C. Cordycepin: A review of strategies to improve the bioavailability and efficacy. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3839-3858. [PMID: 37329165 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cordycepin is a bioactive compound extracted from Cordyceps militaris. As a natural antibiotic, cordycepin has a wide variety of pharmacological effects. Unfortunately, this highly effective natural antibiotic is proved to undergo rapid deamination by adenosine deaminase (ADA) in vivo and, as a consequence, its half-life is shortened and bioavailability is decreased. Therefore, it is of critical importance to work out ways to slow down the deamination so as to increase its bioavailability and efficacy. This study reviews recent researches on a series of aspects of cordycepin such as the bioactive molecule's pharmacological action, metabolism and transformation as well as the underlying mechanism, pharmacokinetics and, particularly, the methods for reducing the degradation to improve the bioavailability and efficacy. It is drawn that there are three methods that can be applied to improve the bioavailability and efficacy: to co-administrate an ADA inhibitor and cordycepin, to develop more effective derivatives via structural modification, and to apply new drug delivery systems. The new knowledge can help optimize the application of the highly potent natural antibiotic-cordycepin and develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- School of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Jiahao Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lijing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Longxing Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunchao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Iguchi K, Nagashima K, Mochizuki J, Yamamoto H, Unno K, Miyoshi N. Enokitake Mushroom and Its Active Component, Adenosine, Which Restores Testosterone Production in Impaired and Fatigued Mouse Models. Nutrients 2023; 15:2142. [PMID: 37432279 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported the effects of the consumption of various mushroom species on the testes in animal experimental models. Mushrooms, including enokitake mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes), and vegetables contain adenosine may affect testosterone production. Here, we aimed to elucidate the effects of enokitake and its active component, adenosine, on testosterone production in primary cultures of testicular cells in vivo using mice models and in vitro. The administration of enokitake ethanolic extract increased testosterone production in the cisplatin-impaired mouse model. The direct effect of mushroom extracts on testicular cells was examined and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that the mushroom- and vegetable-induced increase in testosterone production mainly involved adenosine. Additionally, the administration of enokitake extract or adenosine to wet floor fatigue model mice promoted testicular testosterone production and enhanced Leydig cell function through insulin-like peptide three level upregulation. Structurally related compounds, including cordycepin, showed lower bioactivity than adenosine. This study showed that the ingestion of adenosine-containing mushrooms and vegetables may effectively increase testicular testosterone production. We conclude that mushrooms with a relatively high adenosine content, such as enokitake, may be useful against aging and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Iguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Koji Nagashima
- TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd., Shizuoka 424-0065, Japan
| | - Jun Mochizuki
- TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co., Ltd., Shizuoka 424-0065, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Keiko Unno
- Tea Science Center, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Zhang SR, Pan M, Gao YB, Fan RY, Bin XN, Qian ST, Tang CL, Ying HJ, Wu JQ, He MF. Efficacy and mechanism study of cordycepin against brain metastases of small cell lung cancer based on zebrafish. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154613. [PMID: 36610112 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive tumor with high brain metastasis (BM) potential. There has been no significant progress in the treatment of SCLC for more than 30 years. Cordycepin has shown the therapeutic potential for cancer by modulating multiple cellular signaling pathways. However, the effect and mechanism of cordycepin on anti-SCLC BM remain unknown. PURPOSE In this study, we focused on the anti-SCLC BM effect of cordycepin in the zebrafish model and its potential mechanism. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A SCLC xenograft model based on zebrafish embryos and in vitro cell migration assay were established. Cordycepin was administrated by soaking and microinjection in the zebrafish model. RNA-seq assay was performed to analyze transcriptomes of different groups. Geno Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment were performed to reveal the underlying mechanism. Real-time qPCR was used to verify the effects of cordycepin on the key genes. RESULTS Cordycepin showed lower cytotoxicity in vitro compared with cisplatin, anlotinib and etoposide, but showed comparable anti-proliferation and anti-BM effects in zebrafish SCLC xenograft model. Cordycepin showed significant anti-SCLC BM effects when administrated by both soaking and microinjection. RNA-seq demonstrated that cordycepin was involved in vitamin D metabolism, lipid transport, and proteolysis in cellular protein catabolic process pathways in SCLC BM microenvironment in zebrafish, and was involved in regulating the expressions of key genes such as cyp24a1, apoa1a, ctsl. The anti-BM effect of cordycepin in SCLC was mediated by reversing the expression of these genes. CONCLUSION Our work is the first to describe the mechanism of cordycepin against SCLC BM from the perspective of regulating the brain microenvironment, providing new evidence for the anti-tumor effect of cordycepin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ru Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Miao Pan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ying-Bin Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ruo-Yue Fan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xin-Ni Bin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Si-Tong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cheng-Lun Tang
- Luzhou Pinchuang Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing Sheng Ming Yuan Health Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210032, China
| | - Han-Jie Ying
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jia-Qi Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Ming-Fang He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
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Kopalli SR, Cha KM, Cho JY, Kim SK, Koppula S. Cordycepin mitigates spermatogenic and redox related expression in H 2O 2-exposed Leydig cells and regulates testicular oxidative apoptotic signalling in aged rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:404-416. [PMID: 35175170 PMCID: PMC8863333 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2033275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cordycepin (COR), from Cordyceps militaris L., (Cordycipitaceae), is a valuable agent with immense health benefits. OBJECTIVE The protective effects of COR in ageing-associated oxidative and apoptosis events in vivo and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-exposed spermatogenesis gene alterations in TM3 Leydig cells was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into young control (YC), aged control (AC) and COR treated (COR-20) aged groups. COR-20 group received daily doses of COR (20 mg/kg) for 6 months. Cell viability and hormone levels were analysed by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] and enzyme immunoassay kits with COR treated at 1, 5, and 10 μg/mL. Oxidative enzymes, spermatogenic, and apoptotic expression in testis tissues were evaluated by Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS COR treatment (1, 5, and 10 μg/mL) significantly (p < 0.05 ∼ p < 0.001) inhibited the H2O2-induced decrease in the percentage of viable cells (from 63.27% to 71.25%, 85.67% and 93.97%, respectively), and reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content (from 4.28 to 3.98, 3.14 and 1.78 nM MDA/mg protein, respectively). Further, the decreased antioxidant enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase mu5, glutathione peroxidase 4 and peroxiredoxin 3), spermatogenesis-related factors (nectin-2 and inhibin-α) and testosterone levels in H2O2-exposed TM3 cells were significantly (p < 0.05 ∼ p < 0.001) ameliorated by COR. In aged rats, COR (20 mg/kg) restored the altered enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative status and attenuated the apoptotic p53 and Bax/Bcl-2 expression significantly (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION COR might be developed as a potential agent against ageing-associated and oxidative stress-induced male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Min Cha
- Business Incubator Center 406, D&L Biochem, Chungju-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Kwan Kim
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
- CONTACT Sushruta Koppula Department of Integrated Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju27381, Republic of Korea
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Li W, Qian Z, Zou Y, Tan G, Li W, Lei Q, Li R, Lan D. A simple, rapid, sensitive and eco-friendly LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of free cordycepin and isocordycepin in 10 different kinds of Cordyceps. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2022.01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA simple, rapid, sensitive and eco-friendly liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of free cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine) and isocordycepin (2′-deoxyadenosine) in 10 kinds of Cordyceps samples. The samples were prepared by ultrasonic extraction at 75 °C for 30 min with boiling water as the extraction solvent. The LC separation was performed on an Agilent poroshell 120 SB-Aq C18 column (3.0 × 50 mm, 2.7 μm) in isocratic mode with an eco-friendly mobile phase (2% ethanol containing 0.2% acetic acid) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL min−1, and detected by MS/MS in positive mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The developed method showed good linearity (r > 0.9990), sensitivity (LODs = 0.04 pg, LOQ = 0.1 pg), precision (RSD ≤ 3.8%) and stability (RSD ≤ 3.6%). The recoveries of developed method were 94.4–109.5% (RSD ≤ 5.5%). Compared with reported methods, the current method was rapid (less than 35% analytical time), sensitive (more than 5 folds), and eco-friendly (less than 10 μL harmful organic solvent). 10 different kinds of Cordyceps samples (40 batches) were tested by the developed method. Codycepin was only found in Cordyceps millitaris and C. millitaris fruiting body, and isocordycepin was detected in Cordyceps sinensis and other 6 Cordyceps samples. The developed method would be an improved method for the quality evaluation of Cordyceps samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Zhengming Qian
- College of Medical Imaging Laboratory and Rehabilitation, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, PR China
- Dongguan HEC Cordyceps R&D Co., LTD, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523850, PR China
| | - Yuansheng Zou
- Dongguan HEC Cordyceps R&D Co., LTD, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523850, PR China
| | - Guoying Tan
- Dongguan HEC Cordyceps R&D Co., LTD, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523850, PR China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Dongguan HEC Cordyceps R&D Co., LTD, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523850, PR China
| | - Qinggui Lei
- Dongguan HEC Cordyceps R&D Co., LTD, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523850, PR China
| | - Runfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, PR China
| | - Dongming Lan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
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Lee YP, Huang WR, Wu WS, Wu YH, Ho SY, Wang YJ, Huang BM. Cordycepin enhances radiosensitivity to induce apoptosis through cell cycle arrest, caspase pathway and ER stress in MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3601-3624. [PMID: 36119830 PMCID: PMC9441998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a localized treatment commonly used in various types of cancer. However, major limitation of radiotherapy is the development of resistance of tumor cells to radiosensitivity. Cordycepin, a predominant functional component of the Cordyceps sinensis, is considered to use in treating tumor cells. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effect of the combination of radiation and cordycepin in the treatment of Leydig tumor cells. Results showed that the combination treatment has a synergistic effect significantly suppress cell viability and enhance the radiosensitivity in MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells. The combination treatment induced MA-10 cell apoptosis through increasing levels of cleaved caspase-3/-8/-9, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and cytochrome c and decreasing levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). In addition, prolonged sub-G1 and G2/M arrest accompany with cell cycle-related protein regulation was observed in cells that received the combination treatment. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related protein expressions were regulated after MA-10 cells treating with a combination of 100 μM cordycepin and 4 Gy radiation. Furthermore, the combination treatment also decreased the Leydig tumor mass by increasing cell apoptosis in tumor-bearing mice. In conclusion, cordycepin enhances radiosensitivity to induce mouse Leydig tumor cells toward apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. This study will provide a scientific basis for the development of therapeutic regimen of testicular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Ru Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wun-Syuan Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Hua Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Yow Ho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical CenterLiouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
- Master Degree Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC
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Lan YH, Lu YS, Wu JY, Lee HT, Srinophakun P, Canko GN, Chiu CC, Wang HMD. Cordyceps militaris Reduces Oxidative Stress and Regulates Immune T Cells to Inhibit Metastatic Melanoma Invasion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081502. [PMID: 36009221 PMCID: PMC9404731 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the water extract of Cordyceps militaris (Linn.) Link (CM) was used as a functional material to investigate the inhibitory mechanisms on B16F10 and lung metastatic melanoma (LMM) cells. Reducing power, chelating ability, and 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays were applied for antioxidative capacities, and we obtained positive results from the proper concentrations of CM. To examine the ability of CM in melanoma proliferation inhibition and to substantiate the previous outcomes, three cellular experiments were performed via (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, MTT, a tetrazole) assay, cell migration, and invasion evaluation. The addition of CM to the incubation medium increased the number of CD8+ T cells significantly, which improved the immunogenicity. This study showed that CM exhibits various biological capabilities, including antioxidation, anti-tumor, tumor invasion suppression, and T cytotoxic cell activity promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hong Lan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, ASIA University, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Sheng Lu
- Taiwan Agriculture Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Ju-Yu Wu
- Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Hsu-Tung Lee
- The Department of Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Penjit Srinophakun
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Ladyao, Jatujak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Gizem Naz Canko
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-935-753-718 or +886-4-2284-0733 (ext. 651); Fax: +886-4-228-522-42
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12
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Savioli FP, Zogaib P, Franco E, Alves de Salles FC, Giorelli GV, Andreoli CV. Effects of Cordyceps Sinensis Supplementation during 12 weeks in amateur marathoners: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Kopalli SR, Cha KM, Cho JY, Kim SK, Koppula S. Cordycepin from Medicinal Fungi Cordyceps militaris Mitigates Inflammaging-Associated Testicular Damage via Regulating NF-κB/MAPKs Signaling in Naturally Aged Rats. MYCOBIOLOGY 2022; 50:89-98. [PMID: 35291597 PMCID: PMC8890559 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2022.2035515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inflammaging in male reproductive organs covers a wide variety of problems, including sexual dysfunction and infertility. In this study, the beneficial effects of cordycepin (COR), isolated from potential medicinal fungi Cordyceps militaris, in aging-associated testicular inflammation and serum biochemical changes in naturally aged rats were investigated. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into young control (YC), aged control (AC), and COR (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) treated aged rat groups. Aging-associated serum biochemical changes and inflammatory parameters were analyzed by biochemical assay kits, Western blotting, and real-time RT-PCR. Results showed a significant (p < 0.05) alteration in the total blood cell count, lipid metabolism, and liver functional parameters in AC group when compared with YC group. However, COR-treated aged rats ameliorated the altered biochemical parameters significantly (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, respectively). Furthermore, the increase in the expression of inflammatory mediators (COX-2, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tissue necrosis factor-alpha) in aged rat testis was significant (p < 0.05) when compared with YC group. Treatment with COR at 20 mg/kg to aged rats attenuated the increased expression of inflammatory mediators significantly (p < 0.05). Mechanistic studies revealed that the potential attenuating effects exhibited by COR in aged rats was mediated by regulation of NF-κB activation and MAPKs (c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and p38) signaling. In conclusion, COR restored the altered serum biochemical parameters in aged rats and ameliorated the aging-associated testicular inflammation proving the therapeutic benefits of COR targeting inflammaging-associated male sexual dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyu-Min Cha
- D&L Biochem, Business Incubator Center 406, Chungju-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Kwan Kim
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju-si, Republic of Korea
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14
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Chen J, Zhuang YD, Zhang Q, Liu S, Zhuang BB, Wang CH, Liang RS. Exploring the mechanism of cordycepin combined with doxorubicin in treating glioblastoma based on network pharmacology and biological verification. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12942. [PMID: 35186504 PMCID: PMC8855715 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common and fatal primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system, and the prognosis is poor. Currently, there are no effective treatments for glioblastoma. Cordycepin is a natural active substance with significant anticancer activity and doxorubicin is a broad-spectrum anticancer drug. Cordycepin administered with doxorubicin is a potential drug combination for the treatment of glioblastoma. However, the mechanism of action for this drug combination has not yet been elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the complex mechanism of cordycepin combined with doxorubicin against glioblastoma using network pharmacology and biological verification. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used an MTT assay, colony formation assay, and scratch healing to detect the growth, proliferation, and migration of LN-229, U251 and T98G cells. Putative targets and the potential mechanism of action for the drug combination in glioblastoma were obtained through online databases, network construction, and enrichment analyses. We verified the expression of EMT-related genes and identified important therapeutic targets by western blot. RESULTS In this study, the combination of doxorubicin and cordycepin was found to significantly inhibit cell proliferation and migration and can induce apoptosis. These effects are better together than with either drug alone. The drug combination inhibited EMT by upregulating the expression of E-cadherin protein and downregulating the expression of N-cadherin, ZEB1, and Twist1 proteins. There were 71 potential targets for the drug combination in glioblastoma, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome analysis suggested that the anticancer process may be mediated by proteoglycans in cancer, the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, microRNA in cancer, pathways in cancer, and other pathways. To study the molecular mechanism of anticancer activity, we detected the expression of target proteins with downregulated expression of NFKB1, MAPK8, MYC, and MMP-9 proteins and upregulated expression of cleaved caspase 3 that promoted the apoptosis of LN-229 cells. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the drug combination of doxorubicin and cordycepin effectively inhibits the growth and proliferation of LN-229 cells through multiple targets and multiple pathways, and the combination inhibits cell invasion and migration by regulating the EMT switch of tumor cells. Our findings provide new ideas about, and a theoretical basis for, the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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15
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Wu X, Wu T, Huang A, Shen Y, Zhang X, Song W, Wang S, Ruan H. New Insights Into the Biosynthesis of Typical Bioactive Components in the Traditional Chinese Medicinal Fungus Cordyceps militaris. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:801721. [PMID: 34976991 PMCID: PMC8719641 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.801721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris, a traditional medicinal ingredient with a long history of application in China, is regarded as a high-value fungus due to its production of various bioactive ingredients with a wide range of pharmacological effects in clinical treatment. Several typical bioactive ingredients, such as cordycepin, D-mannitol, cordyceps polysaccharides, and N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine (HEA), have received increasing attention due to their antitumor, antioxidant, antidiabetic, radioprotective, antiviral and immunomodulatory activities. Here, we systematically sorted out the latest research progress on the chemical characteristics, biosynthetic gene clusters and pathways of these four typical bioactive ingredients. This summary will lay a foundation for obtaining low-cost and high-quality bioactive ingredients in large amounts using microbial cell factories in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Ailin Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuanyu Zhang
- New College, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wenjun Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Suying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Haihua Ruan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
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16
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Zhang Y, Cheng J, Su Y, Li M, Wen J, Li S. Cordycepin induces M1/M2 macrophage polarization to attenuate the liver and lung damage and immunodeficiency in immature mice with sepsis via NF-κB/p65 inhibition. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:227-235. [PMID: 34850068 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the impacts of cordycepin and underlying mechanism on the sepsis. METHODS The sepsis mice model was built and treated with different concentrations of cordycepin. Then the liver and lung injury caused by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was assessed using H&E staining and TUNEL assay. The expression of relevant genes was detected using qRT-PCR analysis and ELISA assays. Besides, the macrophage polarization was checked by flow cytometry. KEY FINDINGS Cordycepin could significantly improve the liver and lung injury. Moreover, cordycepin increased the distribution of F4/80+ CD206+ M2-like macrophages and F4/80+ iNOS+ M1-like macrophages through down-regulating the expression of relevant genes. More importantly, cordycepin could monitor the protein expression of iNOS, Arg-1, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-4 and IL-10 in CLP mice. Meanwhile, the elevated level of p65 induced by CLP was also repressed by the increase of the cordycepin. Moreover, cordycepin played a crucial part in CLP mice through modulating the NF-κB/p65 signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Cordycepin played an important role in mice with sepsis via reducing the M1/M2 macrophage polarization and modulating the NF-κB/p65 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Su
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Sixiu Li
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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17
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Huang T, Zhou Y, Lu X, Tang C, Ren C, Bao X, Deng Z, Cao X, Zou J, Zhang Q, Ma B. Cordycepin, a major bioactive component of Cordyceps militaris, ameliorates diabetes-induced testicular damage through the Sirt1/Foxo3a pathway. Andrologia 2021; 54:e14294. [PMID: 34811786 DOI: 10.1111/and.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-induced male dysfunction is considered as a worldwide challenge, and testicular damage mainly caused by oxidative stress is its most common manifestation. Cordycepin, a natural antioxidant, has been used in the treatment of diabetic complications. However, the protective action and underlying mechanism of cordycepin on hyperglycaemia-induced testicular damage are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of cordycepin against diabetes-induced testicular damage. The type 2 diabetes model was established in C57BL/6 male mice via high-fat diet for 4 weeks and injected intraperitoneally with 50 mg/kg/day streptozotocin for five consecutive days. Then mice were treated with cordycepin (10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively) for 8 weeks. At the end of experiment, biochemical indicators, microstructure of testicular tissue, sperm morphology, TUNEL staining and protein expressions were evaluated. In the present study, cordycepin alleviated the testicular damage, restored disruption of the blood-testis barrier, and improved spermatogenic function via the antiapoptotic and antioxidant capacity. Mechanistically, cordycepin significantly enhanced SIRT1 expression and triggered the activity of Foxo3a, further to induce the expression of its downstream antioxidant enzymes, including Mn-SOD and CAT. These findings indicated that cordycepin could improve hyperglycaemia-induced testicular damage by regulating downstream antioxidant enzymes activity through the SIRT1/Foxo3a signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfen Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuanzhao Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenglun Tang
- Luzhou Pinchuang Technology Co. Ltd., Luzhou, China.,Nanjing Sheng Ming Yuan Health Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoxing Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowen Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhewen Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaomei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Zou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Kontogiannatos D, Koutrotsios G, Xekalaki S, Zervakis GI. Biomass and Cordycepin Production by the Medicinal Mushroom Cordyceps militaris-A Review of Various Aspects and Recent Trends towards the Exploitation of a Valuable Fungus. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110986. [PMID: 34829273 PMCID: PMC8621325 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is an entomopathogenic ascomycete with similar pharmacological importance to that of the wild caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis. C. militaris has attracted significant research and commercial interest due to its content in bioactive compounds beneficial to human health and the relative ease of cultivation under laboratory conditions. However, room for improvement exists in the commercial-scale cultivation of C. militaris and concerns issues principally related to appropriate strain selection, genetic degeneration of cultures, and substrate optimization. In particular, culture degeneration-usually expressed by abnormal fruit body formation and reduced sporulation-results in important economic losses and is holding back investors and potential growers (mainly in Western countries) from further developing this highly promising sector. In the present review, the main factors that influence the generation of biomass and metabolites (with emphasis on cordycepin biosynthesis) by C. militaris are presented and evaluated in conjunction with the use of a wide range of supplements or additives towards the enhancement of fungal productivity in large-scale cultivation processes. Moreover, physiological and genetic factors that increase or reduce the manifestation of strain degeneration in C. militaris are outlined. Finally, methodologies for developing protocols to be used in C. militaris functional biology studies are discussed.
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Cordycepin Ameliorates Intracerebral Hemorrhage Induced Neurological and Cognitive Impairments Through Reducing Anti-Oxidative Stress in a Mouse Model. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 31:106199. [PMID: 34775183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The nerve damage and cognitive impairment caused by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) seriously affect the quality of life of patients. Cordycepin has been reported to have antioxidant and neuroprotective functions. However, the therapeutic effect of cordycepin on cognitive impairment caused by ICH is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Autologous whole blood was injected into the basal ganglia to construct a mouse ICH model. The Modified Neurological Severity Score was used to assess nerve damage in mice. The wet/dry method was used to detect brain water content. Open field test was used to assess the anxiety of mice. Morris water maze testing, Y-maze test and nest-building test were used to evaluate the cognitive function of mice. qRT-PCR and western blotting assay were used to evaluate the expression of genes. RESULTS Cordycepin treatment could ameliorate ICH-induced neurological deficits, brain edema, anxiety, cognitive impairments, oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in ICH mice. CONCLUSION Cordycepin ameliorates ICH-induced neurological and cognitive impairments through reducing anti-oxidative stress in mouse model.
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20
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The Role of Autophagy in Anti-Cancer and Health Promoting Effects of Cordycepin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164954. [PMID: 34443541 PMCID: PMC8400201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin is an adenosine derivative isolated from Cordyceps sinensis, which has been used as an herbal complementary and alternative medicine with various biological activities. The general anti-cancer mechanisms of cordycepin are regulated by the adenosine A3 receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, leading to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Notably, cordycepin also induces autophagy to trigger cell death, inhibits tumor metastasis, and modulates the immune system. Since the dysregulation of autophagy is associated with cancers and neuron, immune, and kidney diseases, cordycepin is considered an alternative treatment because of the involvement of cordycepin in autophagic signaling. However, the profound mechanism of autophagy induction by cordycepin has never been reviewed in detail. Therefore, in this article, we reviewed the anti-cancer and health-promoting effects of cordycepin in the neurons, kidneys, and the immune system through diverse mechanisms, including autophagy induction. We also suggest that formulation changes for cordycepin could enhance its bioactivity and bioavailability and lower its toxicity for future applications. A comprehensive understanding of the autophagy mechanism would provide novel mechanistic insight into the anti-cancer and health-promoting effects of cordycepin.
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21
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Shao G, Zhu S, Yang B. Applications of Herbal Medicine to Treat Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:629848. [PMID: 33986666 PMCID: PMC8111540 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.629848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common hereditary kidney disease, which is featured by progressively enlarged bilateral fluid-filled cysts. Enlarging cysts destroy the structure of nephrons, ultimately resulting in the loss of renal function. Eventually, ADPKD develops into end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Currently, there is no effective drug therapy that can be safely used clinically. Patients progressed into ESRD usually require hemodialysis and kidney transplant, which is a heavy burden on both patients and society. Therefore, looking for effective therapeutic drugs is important for treating ADPKD. In previous studies, herbal medicines showed their great effects in multiple diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and mental disorders, which also might play a role in ADPKD treatment. Currently, several studies have reported that the compounds from herbal medicines, such as triptolide, curcumin, ginkolide B, steviol, G. lucidum triterpenoids, Celastrol, saikosaponin-d, Sparganum stoloniferum Buch.-Ham and Cordyceps sinensis, contribute to the inhibition of the development of renal cysts and the progression of ADPKD, which function by similar or different mechanisms. These studies suggest that herbal medicines could be a promising type of drugs and can provide new inspiration for clinical therapeutic strategy for ADPKD. This review summarizes the pharmacological effects of the herbal medicines on ADPKD progression and their underlying mechanisms in both in vivo and in vitro ADPKD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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22
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Das G, Shin HS, Leyva-Gómez G, Prado-Audelo MLD, Cortes H, Singh YD, Panda MK, Mishra AP, Nigam M, Saklani S, Chaturi PK, Martorell M, Cruz-Martins N, Sharma V, Garg N, Sharma R, Patra JK. Cordyceps spp.: A Review on Its Immune-Stimulatory and Other Biological Potentials. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:602364. [PMID: 33628175 PMCID: PMC7898063 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.602364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, interest in the Cordyceps genus has amplified due to its immunostimulatory potential. Cordyceps species, its extracts, and bioactive constituents have been related with cytokine production such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, phagocytosis stimulation of immune cells, nitric oxide production by increasing inducible nitric oxide synthase activity, and stimulation of inflammatory response via mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Other pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anti-cancer, antihyperlipidemic, anti-diabetic, anti-fatigue, anti-aging, hypocholesterolemic, hypotensive, vasorelaxation, anti-depressant, aphrodisiac, and kidney protection, has been reported in pre-clinical studies. These biological activities are correlated with the bioactive compounds present in Cordyceps including nucleosides, sterols, flavonoids, cyclic peptides, phenolic, bioxanthracenes, polyketides, and alkaloids, being the cyclic peptides compounds the most studied. An organized review of the existing literature was executed by surveying several databanks like PubMed, Scopus, etc. using keywords like Cordyceps, cordycepin, immune system, immunostimulation, immunomodulatory, pharmacology, anti-cancer, anti-viral, clinical trials, ethnomedicine, pharmacology, phytochemical analysis, and different species names. This review collects and analyzes state-of-the-art about the properties of Cordyceps species along with ethnopharmacological properties, application in food, chemical compounds, extraction of bioactive compounds, and various pharmacological properties with a special focus on the stimulatory properties of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María L. Del Prado-Audelo
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hernán Cortes
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yengkhom Disco Singh
- Department of Post-Harvest Technology, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, India
| | - Manasa Kumar Panda
- Environment and Sustainability Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
| | - Sarla Saklani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
| | | | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vineet Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
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Cordyceps militaris Fruit Body Extract Decreases Testosterone Catabolism and Testosterone-Stimulated Prostate Hypertrophy. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010050. [PMID: 33375244 PMCID: PMC7824671 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgens testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are essential for a variety of systemic functions in mature males. Alteration of these hormones results in late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). The fruit bodies of fungi of the genus Cordyceps have been regarded as folk medicine or health food with tonic and antifatigue effects. The extract from the fruit body of Cordyceps militaris parasitizing Samia cynthia ricini (CM) was evaluated as a novel-candidate natural product for ameliorating male andropause symptoms. To explore the effects of CM on LOH and BPH, CM was applied to rat models and cultured testicular cells and prostate cells. The concentrations of androgens in the serum and culture media were determined by ELISA. Expression of steroidogenic enzymes and androgen-related genes was evaluated by qPCR, and prostatic cell proliferation was assessed with the cell-viability assay. CM maintained the serum levels of testosterone and DHT, but inhibited testosterone-induced prostate hypertrophy. CM also increased the secretion of testosterone and DHT by primary testicular cells, with no changes in the mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes, but decreased the growth of prostatic cell lines. Our data suggest that CM could improve both LOH and BPH in males.
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Effects of Cultured Cordycep militaris on Sexual Performance and Erectile Function in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4198397. [PMID: 33274209 PMCID: PMC7683110 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4198397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris (CM), a valuable edible and medicinal fungus, has been used as traditional medicine to treat health conditions, as well as hyposexuality in Asian societies for over a century. Due to the high demand, several artificial cultivation methods have been developed for their biological activities. In this study, CM was cultured on medium that contained white rice and silkworm pupae, and the levels of cordycepin and adenosine, as well as its aphrodisiac effects in diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction (DIED), were evaluated. Diabetic rats were induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection and administered orally with CM (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 g/kg BW/day) for 3 weeks. Diabetic rats in negative and positive control groups received vehicle and sildenafil citrate (5 mg/kg), respectively. Results showed the changes in mating behaviour in which mount latency and intromission latency were significantly increased in diabetic rats, compared with the normal control group. Diabetic rats also showed a significant reduction in intracavernosal pressure (ICP) response to cavernous nerve stimulation, sperm count, testosterone level, penile nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, when compared to the normal control group. Administration of CM (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 g/kg BW/day) reversed the effects of diabetes on the mating behaviour, and the ICP responses to electrical stimulation. Moreover, the levels of penile NOS, testicular SOD activities, testosterone, and sperm count were significantly increased, and testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased in these treated diabetic rats. Diabetic rats treated with sildenafil showed a significant induction in intromission frequency and NOS and SOD activities, as well as a marked increase in ICP responses. These results suggest that CCM exerts its aphrodisiac effect, possibly through activating testosterone production and suppressing oxidative stress to enhance erectile function in diabetic rats.
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Wang CY, Tsai SW, Chien HH, Chen TY, Sheu SY, So EC, Huang BM. Cordycepin Inhibits Human Gestational Choriocarcinoma Cell Growth by Disrupting Centrosome Homeostasis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2987-3000. [PMID: 32801639 PMCID: PMC7394508 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s252401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Human gestational choriocarcinoma, a type of gestational trophoblastic disease, occurs after miscarriage, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, or molar pregnancy. Despite recent advances in the mechanism of anticancer drugs that induce human gestational choriocarcinoma apoptosis or block its growth, new therapeutic approaches are needed to be established. Cordycepin is an active anti-cancer component extracted from Cordyceps sinensis. It prevents cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods Here, we examined cell growth by counting cell numbers, and performing a flow cytometry assay and EdU incorporation assay. Centrosome and cytoskeleton-related structures were observed by immunofluorescence assay. The DNA damage-related signaling was examined by Western blot assay. Results Here, we showed that cordycepin inhibited human gestational choriocarcinoma cell proliferation and induced cell death. In addition, treatment with cordycepin activated DNA-PK and ERK, thus inducing centrosome amplification and aberrant mitosis. These amplified centrosomes also disrupted microtubule arrays and actin networks, thus leading to defective cell adhesion. Furthermore, cordycepin induced autophagy for triggering cell death. Conclusion Thus, our study demonstrates that cordycepin inhibits cell proliferation and disrupts the cytoskeleton by triggering centrosome amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yih Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Hsiang Chien
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Yuan Sheu
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Edmund Cheung So
- Department of Anesthesia & Medical Research, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Research, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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26
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Ahn HY, Cho HD, Cho YS. Anti-oxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of cordycepin-rich Cordyceps militaris in a Sprague–Dawley rat model of alcohol-induced hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHyperlipidemia is involved in serious cardiovascular disease, however, synthetic drugs to reduce lipid contents in blood stream have been found to induce serious side effects. In the current study, we compared anti-oxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Paecilomyces japonica (PJ), Cordyceps militaris (CM) and cordycepin-rich Cordyceps militaris (CMα) in rats induced alcoholic hyperlipidemia (AIH) and oxidative stress. The experimental groups were divided in N (water), C (30% alcohol), PJ (30% alcohol + 3% PJ powder), CM (30% alcohol + 3% CM powder), CMα (30% alcohol + 3% CMα powder) and SM [30% alcohol + 0.1% silymarin (SM)]. Compared to C group, supplementation of PJ, CM, CMα and SM slightly alleviated the increased weight ratio of liver and kidney in the alcohol-treated rats. In addition, a significant or slight reduction was identified in total lipid, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels in the rats receiving PJ, CM and CMα as compared with C group. Administration of PJ, CM and CMα also blocked alcohol-induced lipid peroxidation via a decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA), and activated anti-oxidant enzyme, glutathione (GSH), in serum and various organ tissues. Overall, cordycepin-rich CMα showed highest anti-oxidant and anti-hyperlipidemia effect under chronic alcoholic damage. Our results indicate that CMα might be useful in inhibiting the oxidation and hyperlipidemia in alcohol-induced hepatic disease possibly because of potential anti-oxidative and anti-hyperlipidemic activities of cordycepin.
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Jin LQ, Xu ZW, Zhang B, Yi M, Weng CY, Lin S, Wu H, Qin XT, Xu F, Teng Y, Yuan SJ, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Genome sequencing and analysis of fungus Hirsutella sinensis isolated from Ophiocordyceps sinensis. AMB Express 2020; 10:105. [PMID: 32494871 PMCID: PMC7270455 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophiocordyceps sinensis has been used as a traditional medicine or healthy food in China for thousands of years. Hirsutella sinensis was reported as the only correct anamorph of O. sinensis. It is reported that the laboratory-grown H. sinensis mycelium has similar clinical efficacy and less associated toxicity compared to the wild O. sinensis. The research of the H. sinensis is becoming more and more important and urgent. To gain deeper insight into the biological and pharmacological mechanisms, we sequenced the genome of H. sinensis. The genome of H. sinensis (102.72 Mb) was obtained for the first time, with > 99% coverage. 10,200 protein-encoding genes were predicted based on the genome sequence. A detailed secondary metabolism analysis and structure verification of the main ingredients were performed, and the biosynthesis pathways of seven ingredients (mannitol, cordycepin, purine nucleotides, pyrimidine nucleotides, unsaturated fatty acid, cordyceps polysaccharide and sphingolipid) were predicted and drawn. Furthermore, infection process and mechanism of H. sinensis were studied and elaborated in this article. The enzymes involved in the infection mechanism were also predicted, cloned and expressed to verify the mechanism. The genes and proteins were predicted and annotated based on the genome sequence. The pathways of several active components in H. sinensis were predicted and key enzymes were confirmed. The work presented here would improve the understanding of the genetic basis of this organism, and contribute to further research, production and application of H. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Zhe-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Ming Yi
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Chun-Yue Weng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Shan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Hui Wu
- HuaDong Medicine (Hangzhou) Bailing Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 311220 China
- East China Pharmaceutical Group Limited Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 311000 China
| | - Xiang-Tian Qin
- HuaDong Medicine (Hangzhou) Bailing Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 311220 China
- East China Pharmaceutical Group Limited Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 311000 China
| | - Feng Xu
- HuaDong Medicine (Hangzhou) Bailing Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 311220 China
- East China Pharmaceutical Group Limited Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 311000 China
| | - Yi Teng
- HuaDong Medicine (Hangzhou) Bailing Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 311220 China
- East China Pharmaceutical Group Limited Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 311000 China
| | - Shui-Jin Yuan
- HuaDong Medicine (Hangzhou) Bailing Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 311220 China
- East China Pharmaceutical Group Limited Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 311000 China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
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Effect of Hirsutella sinensis Fungus on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Lewis Rats with Kidney-Yang Deficiency Syndrome. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5952612. [PMID: 32565866 PMCID: PMC7256706 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5952612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS) is a classic syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine, which is mainly caused by damage to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Hirsutella sinensis fungus (HSF), an artificial substitute of Cordyceps sinensis, has been widely used in TCM. However, the effects and the possible mechanism of HSF on the HPA axis and corresponding KYDS have not yet been investigated. In this study, Lewis rats were used as a spontaneous KYDS model. HSF was intragastrically administered to the Lewis rats at two doses: low dose (1 g/kg) and high dose (2 g/kg). Body weight, temperature, and behavioral tests including grip strength, open field, and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were used to evaluate the KYDS symptoms. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the level of circulating adrenocortisol (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In addition, mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 10 (IL-10), CRH, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). The Lewis rats were indicated to have KYDS symptoms and HSF treatment ameliorated these symptoms via enhancement of the HPA axis function, which was evidenced by the increased levels of CRH, ACTH, and CORT in serum and 17-OHCS in urine. HSF also significantly improved the expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2, secreted by Th1 cells, which might accelerate the activation of the immune system related to the HPA axis function. Thus, we conclude that HSF can alleviate KYDS symptoms in Lewis rats by regulating the HPA axis through accelerated immune system activation.
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Comparison of bioactive constituents and effects on gut microbiota by in vitro fermentation between Ophicordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Guo Z, Chen W, Dai G, Huang Y. Cordycepin suppresses the migration and invasion of human liver cancer cells by downregulating the expression of CXCR4. Int J Mol Med 2019; 45:141-150. [PMID: 31746344 PMCID: PMC6889938 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a worldwide threat to human health. High expression levels of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) have been reported to promote the migration and invasion capacities of liver cancer cells. Cordycepin, extracted from Cordyceps militaris, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancerous properties. Therefore, in the present study, migration assays, western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence analyses were conducted to determine whether cordycepin was able to suppress the migration and invasion abilities of liver cancer cells by inhibiting CXCR4 expression. The results suggested that cordycepin notably inhibited migration and invasion, and decreased the expression of CXCR4 in a dose-dependent manner. Activation of phosphorylated (p-) NF-κB inhibitor α (IκBα) and p-P65, the principal components of the NF-κB signaling pathway, was also downregulated. In addition, cordycepin markedly suppressed the nuclear translocation of P65, but had no effect on the expression of total IκBα (t-IκBα) and total P65 (t-P65). JSH-23, an inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway, impaired the migration of liver cancer cells, and was found to act synergistically with cordycepin. Furthermore, cordycepin treatment reduced the chemotactic migration ability of liver cancer cells to stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1), which was significantly enhanced following treatment with JSH-23. Collectively, the present results indicated that cordycepin inhibited the nuclear translocation of P65 by preventing p-IκBα activation; this resulted in the downregulation of CXCR4 expression, and subsequently, in the impaired migration and invasion abilities of liver cancer cells and attenuated reactivity to SDF1. The current study revealed a novel mechanism for the antimetastatic activity of cordycepin and its potential to exert positive synergistic effects with other compounds for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongrong Guo
- First Department of General Surgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, P.R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Guisen Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Longyan First Hospital, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanliang Huang
- Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361001, P.R. China
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Cordycepin Enhances Radiosensitivity in Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells by Inducing Autophagy and Apoptosis Through Cell Cycle Arrest. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215366. [PMID: 31661901 PMCID: PMC6862293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and accounts for over 90% of malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 50%. The long-term survival rate of OSCC patients has not markedly improved in recent decades due to its heterogeneous etiology and treatment outcomes. We investigated the anticancer effect of the combination of irradiation (IR) and cordycepin in the treatment of human OSCC cells in vitro. The type of cell death, especially autophagy and apoptosis, and the underlying mechanisms were examined. We found synergistic effects of cordycepin and IR on the viability of human oral cancer cells. The combination of cordycepin and IR treatment induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagic cell death. Furthermore, cordycepin induced S-phase arrest and prolonged G2/M arrest in the cells that received the combination treatment compared with those that received irradiation alone. Combined treatment induced the upregulation of ATG5 and p21 in an autophagy cascade-dependent manner, arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase, and repressed cell proliferation. Thus, we conclude that the combination of cordycepin and IR treatment could be a potential therapeutic strategy for OSCC.
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Mu YF, Chen YH, Chang MM, Chen YC, Huang BM. Arsenic compounds induce apoptosis through caspase pathway activation in MA-10 Leydig tumor cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:944-954. [PMID: 31289573 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of testicular cancer is increasing worldwide. Leydig cell tumors represent one type of sex cord-stromal testis malignancy, which tend to respond unfavorably to chemotherapies. Identifying more efficient treatment strategies is therefore crucial for patients. The present study aimed to investigate the apoptotic effects of arsenic compounds and their underlying mechanisms. The results indicated that sodium arsenite and dimethylarsenic acid induced apoptosis of the murine Leydig tumor cell line, MA-10. These apoptotic effects were characterized morphologically by membrane blebbing and cell detachment assays, biochemically using a cell viability assay, and cytologically by flow cytometry analysis. Western blotting demonstrated that caspases-3, -8 and -9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase protein levels were increased compared with untreated MA-10 cells; however, the caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-fmk, reversed these effects. In conclusion, the present study has shown that sodium arsenite and dimethylarsenic acid may activate the intrinsic and extrinsic caspase pathways, and induce MA-10 cell apoptosis. These results suggest that sodium arsenite and dimethylarsenic acid may represent novel approaches to treat clinically unmanageable forms of testicular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fen Mu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying-Hui Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Min Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Chia Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Therapeutic Potential and Biological Applications of Cordycepin and Metabolic Mechanisms in Cordycepin-Producing Fungi. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122231. [PMID: 31207985 PMCID: PMC6632035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine), a cytotoxic nucleoside analogue found in Cordyceps militaris, has attracted much attention due to its therapeutic potential and biological value. Cordycepin interacts with multiple medicinal targets associated with cancer, tumor, inflammation, oxidant, polyadenylation of mRNA, etc. The investigation of the medicinal drug actions supports the discovery of novel targets and the development of new drugs to enhance the therapeutic potency and reduce toxicity. Cordycepin may be of great value owing to its medicinal potential as an external drug, such as in cosmeceutical, traumatic, antalgic and muscle strain applications. In addition, the biological application of cordycepin, for example, as a ligand, has been used to uncover molecular structures. Notably, studies that investigated the metabolic mechanisms of cordycepin-producing fungi have yielded significant information related to the biosynthesis of high levels of cordycepin. Here, we summarized the medicinal targets, biological applications, cytotoxicity, delivery carriers, stability, and pros/cons of cordycepin in clinical applications, as well as described the metabolic mechanisms of cordycepin in cordycepin-producing fungi. We posit that new approaches, including single-cell analysis, have the potential to enhance medicinal potency and unravel all facets of metabolic mechanisms of cordycepin in Cordyceps militaris.
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Chang MM, Pan BS, Wang CY, Huang BM. Cordycepin-induced unfolded protein response-dependent cell death, and AKT/MAPK-mediated drug resistance in mouse testicular tumor cells. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3949-3964. [PMID: 31145545 PMCID: PMC6639181 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men at 15-44 years of age, and radical orchidectomy combined with chemotherapy is currently considered as the standard treatment. However, drugs resistance and side effects that impact the quality of life for patients with testicular cancer have not been markedly improved in recent decades. In this study, we characterized the pharmacological exacerbation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is an effective approach to kill testicular cancer cells, by carrying out a clustering analysis of mRNA expression profiles and the immunobloting examination of cordycepin-treated MA-10 cells. The UPR is executed in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress to complement by an apoptotic response if the defect cannot be resolved. Results showed that cordycepin significantly modulated FoxO/P15/P27, PERK-eIF2α (apoptotic), and the IRE1-XBP1 (adaptive) UPR pathways. Interestingly, a fraction of MA-10 cells survived after cordycepin treatment, the AKT, LC3 I/II, and MAPK signaling pathways were highly induced in attached cells as compared to the suspended cells, illustrating the drug resistance to cordycepin via activating AKT and MAPK pathways in MA-10 cells. In summary, PERK-eIF2α signaling pathway is required for pro-apoptotic UPR in MA-10 cell death following cordycepin treatment, suggesting a potential therapeutic application in treating testicular cancer. However, activation of AKT and MAPK pathways could possibly result in drug resistance to cordycepin in MA-10 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Min Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Bo-Syong Pan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Yih Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Cordycepin, an Active Constituent of Nutrient Powerhouse and Potential Medicinal Mushroom Cordyceps militaris Linn., Ameliorates Age-Related Testicular Dysfunction in Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040906. [PMID: 31018574 PMCID: PMC6520895 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related male sexual dysfunction covers a wide variety of issues, together with spermatogenic and testicular impairment. In the present work, the effects of cordycepin (COR), an active constituent of a nutrient powerhouse Cordyceps militaris Linn, on senile testicular dysfunction in rats was investigated. The sperm kinematics, antioxidant enzymes, spermatogenic factors, sex hormone receptors, histone deacetylating sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and autophagy-related mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) expression in aged rat testes were evaluated. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into young control (2-month-old; YC), aged control (12-month-old; AC), and aged plus COR-treated groups (5 (COR-5), 10 (COR-10), and 20 (COR-20) mg/kg). The AC group showed reduced sperm kinematics and altered testicular histomorphology compared with the YC group (p < 0.05). However, compared with the AC group, the COR-treated group exhibited improved sperm motility, progressiveness, and average path/straight line velocity (p < 0.05–0.01). Alterations in spermatogenesis-related protein and mRNA expression were significantly ameliorated (p < 0.05) in the COR-20 group compared with the AC group. The altered histone deacetylating SIRT1 and autophagy-related mTORC1 molecular expression in aged rats were restored in the COR-20 group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the results suggest that COR holds immense nutritional potential and therapeutic value in ameliorating age-related male sexual dysfunctions.
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Zhang X, Hu Q, Weng Q. Secondary metabolites (SMs) of Isaria cicadae and Isaria tenuipes. RSC Adv 2018; 9:172-184. [PMID: 35521576 PMCID: PMC9059538 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09039d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Both Isaria cicadae and Isaria tenuipes are important entomopathogenic fungi used in health foods and traditional herbal medicines in East Asia. However, the safety concerns for both fungal species have been attracting significant attention. Thus, surveying their secondary metabolites (SMs) will be beneficial to improving the safety of their fungal products. In the case of I. cicadae, its SMs mainly include nucleosides, amino acids, beauvericins, myriocin, and oosporein. In contrast, trichothecene derivatives, isariotins, cyclopenta benzopyrans and PKs, are found in the case of I. tenuipes. Among them, beauvericins, myriocin, oosporein and many trichothecene derivatives are toxic compounds. The toxicity and side effects of the fungal products may be related to these SMs. Thus, to ensure the safety of fungal products, the residues standards of SMs need to be reported. Furthermore, methods for the detection of their SMs and biological identification of their strains must be considered. This review gives new insight into the secondary metabolites of medical and edible fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Qiongbo Hu
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Qunfang Weng
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
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Zhang Y, Zhang XX, Yuan RY, Ren T, Shao ZY, Wang HF, Cai WL, Chen LT, Wang XA, Wang P. Cordycepin induces apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells via the mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic pathway and suppresses tumor growth in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4479-4490. [PMID: 30122940 PMCID: PMC6078188 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s164670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cordycepin, the main active ingredient of a traditional Chinese herbal remedy - extracted from Cordyceps sinensis - has been demonstrated as a very effective anti-inflammatory and antitumor drug. The present study investigated its antitumor effect on pancreatic cancer, a highly aggressive cancer with extremely poor prognosis due to malignancy, and clarified its underlying mechanism both in vitro and in vivo. Methods The antitumor viability of cordycepin on human pancreatic cancer MIAPaCa-2 and Capan-1 cells was determined by colony formation assays. Annexin V/PI double staining and flow cytometry assay were used to investigate whether cordycepin induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was analyzed by Rhodamine 123 staining, and expression of related proteins evaluated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, both on pancreatic cancer cells and tumor xenografts to reveal the potential mechanism for the effect of cordycepin. Furthermore, the in vivo efficacy was examined on nude mice bearing MIAPaCa-2 cell tumors treated by intraperitoneal injection of cordycepin (0, 15, and 50 mg/kg/d) for 28 days. Results Cordycepin inhibited cell viability, proliferation and colony formation ability and induced cell cycle arrest and early apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cells (MIAPaCa-2 and Capan-1) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The same effect was also observed in vivo. Decrease of ΔΨm and upregulation of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved PARP as well as downregulation of Bcl-2 both in vitro and in vivo indicated that the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway was involved in cordycepin's antitumor effect. Conclusion Our data showed that cordycepin inhibited the activity of pancreatic cancer both in vitro and in vivo by regulating apoptosis-related protein expression through the mitochondrial pathway and suggest that cordycepin may be a promising therapeutic option for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China, .,Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xi Zhang
- Shanghai Health Development Research Center, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yan Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China, .,Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Tai Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China, .,Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Zi Yu Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China, .,Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Hong Fei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China, .,Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Wei Long Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Zhejiang 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Tian Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China, .,Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Xu An Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China, ,
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
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Kang FC, Wang SC, Chang MM, Pan BS, Wong KL, Cheng KS, So EC, Huang BM. Midazolam activates caspase, MAPKs and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways, and inhibits cell cycle and Akt pathway, to induce apoptosis in TM3 mouse Leydig progenitor cells. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1475-1490. [PMID: 29588601 PMCID: PMC5858853 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s154442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Midazolam (MDZ) has powerful hypnosis, amnesia, anti-anxiety and anticonvulsant effects. Studies have shown that prenatally developmental toxicity of diazepam can be observed in many organs/tissues. However, it remains elusive in male reproductive system. Materials and methods TM3 mouse Leydig progenitor cell line was used to determine whether MDZ has any unfavorable effects. Results Midazolam significantly decreased cell viability in dose- and time-dependent manners in TM3 cells. In flow cytometry analysis, midazolam significantly increased subG1 phase cell numbers, and annexin V/PI double staining assay further confirmed that MDZ induced apoptosis in TM3 cells. Moreover, MDZ significantly induced the expression of caspase-8 and -3 proteins and the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2 and p38. Besides, MDZ didn’t activate Akt pathway in TM3 cells. Furthermore, the expressions of p-EIF2α, ATF4, ATF3 and CHOP were induced by midazolam, suggesting that midazolam could induce apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in TM3 cells. Additionally, the expressions of cyclin A, cyclin B and CDK1 were inhibited by midazolam through the regulation of p53 in TM3 cells, indicating that midazolam could regulate cell cycle to induce apoptosis. Conclusion Midazolam could activate caspase, MAPKs and ER stress pathways and impede Akt pathway and cell cycle to induce apoptosis in TM3 mouse Leydig progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chi Kang
- Department of Anesthesia, Chi Mei Medical Center, Chiali, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Chun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Min Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Bo-Syong Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kar-Lok Wong
- Department of Anesthesia, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ka-Shun Cheng
- Department of Anesthesia, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Qingdao University Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Edmund Cheung So
- Department of Anesthesia, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesia, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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