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Kiran S, Tariq A, Iqbal S, Naseem Z, Siddique W, Jabeen S, Bashir R, Hussain A, Rahman M, Habib FE, Rauf W, Ali A, Sarwar Y, Jander G, Iqbal M. Punicalagin, a pomegranate polyphenol sensitizes the activity of antibiotics against three MDR pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:93. [PMID: 38365729 PMCID: PMC10870630 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance (MDR) in the family Enterobacteriaceae is a perniciously increasing threat to global health security. The discovery of new antimicrobials having the reversing drug resistance potential may contribute to augment and revive the antibiotic arsenal in hand. This study aimed to explore the anti-Enterobacteriaceae capability of bioactive polyphenols from Punica granatum (P. granatum) and their co-action with antibiotics against clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae predominantly prevalent in South Asian countries. METHODS The Kandhari P. granatum (Pakistani origin) extracts were tested for anti-Enterobacteriaceae activity by agar well diffusion assay against MDR Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Predominant compounds of active extract were determined by mass spectrometry and screened for bioactivity by agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. The active punicalagin was further evaluated at sub-inhibitory concentrations (SICs) for coactivity with nine conventional antimicrobials using a disc diffusion assay followed by time-kill experiments that proceeded with SICs of punicalagin and antimicrobials. RESULTS Among all P. granatum crude extracts, pomegranate peel methanol extract showed the largest inhibition zones of 25, 22 and 19 mm, and the MICs as 3.9, 7.8 and 7.8 mg/mL for S. typhi, S. typhimurium and E. coli, respectively. Punicalagin and ellagic acid were determined as predominant compounds by mass spectrometry. In plate assay, punicalagin (10 mg/mL) was active with hazy inhibition zones of 17, 14, and 13 mm against S. typhi, S. typhimurium and E. coli, respectively. However, in broth dilution assay punicalagin showed no MIC up to 10 mg/mL. The SICs 30 μg, 100 μg, and 500 μg of punicalagin combined with antimicrobials i.e., aminoglycoside, β-lactam, and fluoroquinolone act in synergy against MDR strains with % increase in inhibition zone values varying from 3.4 ± 2.7% to 73.8 ± 8.4%. In time-kill curves, a significant decrease in cell density was observed with the SICs of antimicrobials/punicalagin (0.03-60 μg/mL/30, 100, 500 μg/mL of punicalagin) combinations. CONCLUSIONS The P. granatum peel methanol extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against MDR Enterobacteriaceae pathogens. Punicalagin, the bacteriostatic flavonoid act as a concentration-dependent sensitizing agent for antimicrobials against Enterobacteriaceae. Our findings for the therapeutic punicalagin-antimicrobial combination prompt further evaluation of punicalagin as a potent activator for drugs, which otherwise remain less or inactive against MDR strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Kiran
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Anam Tariq
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Iqbal
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zubera Naseem
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Siddique
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Jabeen
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Bashir
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Hussain
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Moazur Rahman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Fazal-E Habib
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Rauf
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Aamir Ali
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Yasra Sarwar
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, 14850 Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan.
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Lu SH, Li XX, Zuo HJ, Li WN, Pan JP, Huang J. Monoterpenoid Glycosides from the Leaves of Ligustrum robustum and Their Bioactivities (II). Molecules 2023; 28:7274. [PMID: 37959693 PMCID: PMC10647328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligustrum robustum has been not only used as a heat-clearing and detoxicating functional tea (Ku-Ding-Cha) but also consumed as a hypotensive, anti-diabetic, and weight-reducing folk medicine. From the leaves of L. robustum, ten new monoterpenoid glycosides named ligurobustosides T10 (1a), T11 (1b), T12 (2a), T13 (2b), T14 (3a), T15 (3b), F1 (4b), T16 (5a), T17 (5b), and E1 (6b), together with five known ones (4a, 6a, 7, 8a, 8b), were separated and identified using the spectroscopic method and chemical method in this research. The results of biological tests exhibited that the fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibitory action of compound 5 (IC50: 4.38 ± 0.11 μM) was as strong as orlistat (IC50: 4.46 ± 0.13 μM), a positive control; the α-glucosidase inhibitory actions of compounds 1-4 and 7-8, and the α-amylase inhibitory actions of compounds 1-8 were medium; the ABTS radical scavenging capacities of compounds 1-3 and 5-8 (IC50: 6.27 ± 0.23 ~ 8.59 ± 0.09 μM) were stronger than l-(+)-ascorbic acid (IC50: 10.06 ± 0.19 μM) served as a positive control. This research offered a theoretical foundation for the leaves of L. robustum to prevent diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hui Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China; (W.-N.L.); (J.-P.P.)
- Guangxi Database Construction and Application Engineering Research Center for in Tracorporal Pharmacochemistry of TCM, Baise 533000, China
- Key Laboratory of Youjiang Basin Characteristic Ethnic Medicine Research in Guangxi, Baise 533000, China
| | - Xiu-Xia Li
- Nursing School, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China;
| | - Hao-Jiang Zuo
- Department of Laboratory Science of Public Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Wei-Neng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China; (W.-N.L.); (J.-P.P.)
| | - Jia-Ping Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China; (W.-N.L.); (J.-P.P.)
| | - Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Villamil-Galindo E, Gastélum-Estrada A, Chuck-Hernandez C, Antunes-Ricardo M, Reza-Zaldivar EE, Piagentini A, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Kinetic Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction as a Sustainable Approach for the Recovery of Phenolics Accumulated through UVA Treatment in Strawberry By-Products. Foods 2023; 12:2989. [PMID: 37627988 PMCID: PMC10453509 DOI: 10.3390/foods12162989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is an efficient and sustainable method for extracting bioactive compounds from agro-industrial by-products. Moreover, it has been reported that ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation can induce the biosynthesis and accumulation of bioactive phenolic compounds. This study optimized the efficiency of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for recovering ultraviolet A (UVA)-induced phenolic compounds in strawberry by-products (RF-N). The impact of three factors (solid-liquid ratio, ethanol concentration, and ultrasound power) on total phenolic compound (TPC) kinetics using Peleg's model was investigated. The developed model showed a suitable fit for both RF-N and strawberry by-products treated with UVA (RF-E). The optimal UAE conditions obtained were of a 1:30 ratio, 46% ethanol, and 100% ultrasound power, resulting in an average yield of 13 g total phenolics kg-1. The bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds during in-vitro digestion was 36.5%, with agrimoniin being the predominant compound. UAE combined with UVA treatment increased the bioactivity of RF extracts, displaying significant anti-proliferative effects on HT29 and Caco-2 cancer cell lines, as well as anti-inflammatory potential and cellular antioxidant activity. The ultrasound proved to be a sustainable and effective technique for extracting phenolic compounds from RF, contributing to the valorization of strawberry agro-industrial by-products, and maximizing their nutraceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Villamil-Galindo
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero 2829, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina (A.P.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Gastélum-Estrada
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Mexico
| | - Cristina Chuck-Hernandez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Mexico
| | - Edwin E. Reza-Zaldivar
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Andrea Piagentini
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero 2829, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina (A.P.)
| | - Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Mexico
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Lu SH, Zuo HJ, Huang J, Li WN, Huang JL, Li XX. Chemical Constituents from the Leaves of Ligustrum robustum and Their Bioactivities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010362. [PMID: 36615556 PMCID: PMC9822135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of Ligustrum robustum have been consumed as Ku-Ding-Cha for clearing heat and removing toxins, and they have been used as a folk medicine for curing hypertension, diabetes, and obesity in China. The phytochemical research on the leaves of L. robustum led to the isolation and identification of two new hexenol glycosides, two new butenol glycosides, and five new sugar esters, named ligurobustosides X (1a), X1 (1b), Y (2a), and Y1 (2b) and ligurobustates A (3a), B (3b), C (4b), D (5a), and E (5b), along with seven known compounds (4a and 6-10). Compounds 1-10 were tested for their inhibitory effects on fatty acid synthase (FAS), α-glucosidase, and α-amylase, as well as their antioxidant activities. Compound 2 showed strong FAS inhibitory activity (IC50 4.10 ± 0.12 μM) close to that of the positive control orlistat (IC50 4.46 ± 0.13 μM); compounds 7 and 9 revealed moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activities; compounds 1-10 showed moderate α-amylase inhibitory activities; and compounds 1 and 10 displayed stronger 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) ammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging effects (IC50 3.41 ± 0.08~5.65 ± 0.19 μM) than the positive control l-(+)-ascorbic acid (IC50 10.06 ± 0.19 μM). This study provides a theoretical foundation for the leaves of L. robustum as a functional tea to prevent diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hui Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
- Correspondence: (S.-H.L.); (J.H.); (X.-X.L.)
| | - Hao-Jiang Zuo
- Department of Laboratory Science of Public Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (S.-H.L.); (J.H.); (X.-X.L.)
| | - Wei-Neng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Jie-Lian Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Xiu-Xia Li
- Nursing School, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
- Correspondence: (S.-H.L.); (J.H.); (X.-X.L.)
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Lu SH, Zuo HJ, Huang J, Chen R, Pan JP, Li XX. Phenylethanoid and Phenylmethanoid Glycosides from the Leaves of Ligustrum robustum and Their Bioactivities. Molecules 2022; 27:7390. [PMID: 36364215 PMCID: PMC9657303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytochemical study on the leaves of Ligustrum robustum, which have been used as Ku-Ding-Cha, led to the isolation and identification of three new phenylethanoid glycosides and three new phenylmethanoid glycosides, named ligurobustosides R1 (1b), R2-3 (2), R4 (3), S1 (4b), S2 (5), and S3 (6), and five reported phenylethanoid glycosides (7-11). In the bioactivity test, (Z)-osmanthuside B6 (11) displayed strong fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibitory activity (IC50: 4.55 ± 0.35 μM) as the positive control orlistat (IC50: 4.46 ± 0.13 μM), while ligurobustosides R4 (3) and S2 (5), ligupurpuroside B (7), cis-ligupurpuroside B (8), ligurobustoside N (9), osmanthuside D (10), and (Z)-osmanthuside B6 (11) showed stronger ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50: 2.68 ± 0.05~4.86 ± 0.06 μM) than the positive control L-(+)-ascorbic acid (IC50: 10.06 ± 0.19 μM). This research provided a theoretical basis for the leaves of L. robustum as a tea with function in treating obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hui Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Hao-Jiang Zuo
- Department of Laboratory Science of Public Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Institute of Life Science, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Jia-Ping Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Xiu-Xia Li
- Nursing School, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
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Peanut Shell Extract and Luteolin Regulate Lipid Metabolism and Induce Browning in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172696. [PMID: 36076880 PMCID: PMC9455591 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut shells are agricultural waste products that require utilization. The freeze-dried ethanolic peanut shell extract (PSE) contained 10.01 ± 0.55 mg/g of luteolin (LUT) with a total polyphenol content of 18.11 ± 0.88 mg GAE/g. Thus, LUT is one of the major polyphenolic components in PSE. Although PSE displays antibacterial and neurotrophic activities, minimal research is available addressing its potential role in lipid metabolism. This study investigated the role of PSE in terms of inhibiting adipogenesis, accelerating lipolysis, and promoting lipid browning using the 3T3-L1 cell line. Without affecting cell viability, high concentrations of PSE and LUT prevented adipogenesis by reducing the mRNA levels of C/EBPα, PPARγ, and SREBP1-c, and increasing the protein levels of pACC and pAMPK. Moreover, PSE and LUT induced lipolysis by activating lipolytic proteins, and enhanced the protein expressions of the brown adipocyte-specific markers, UCP1, PGC-1α, and SIRT1 in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Increased mitochondrial biosynthesis provided additional evidence in favor of these findings. Due to their anti-obesity properties, it is proposed that PSE and LUT could be used as potential dietary supplements.
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Elseweidy MM, Elesawy AE, Sobh MS, Elnagar GM. Ellagic acid ameliorates high fructose-induced hyperuricemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver in Wistar rats: Focusing on the role of C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 and ATP citrate lyase. Life Sci 2022; 305:120751. [PMID: 35780841 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS High-fructose intake (HF) represents an inducible risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Present study aimed to illustrate the effect of HF diet (HFD) on the induction of NAFLD, hyperuricemia and role of ellagic acid as modulator. MAIN METHODS Twenty-four adult male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (6/each). The first group received normal chow diet only while the others received 60 % HFD for 4 weeks and subdivided later into 3 groups. The first and second groups received allopurinol and ellagic acid, respectively while the third group received HFD only for extra 4 weeks. KEY FINDINGS Rats fed on HFD for 8 weeks displayed body weight gain, insulin resistance (IR), hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia with increased oxidative stress and hepatic lipogenic enzymes such as ATP citrate lyase (ACL), aldolase B, and fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SERBP-1c). C1q /tumor necrosis factor-related protein -3 (CTRP3), and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) however showed significant decreases. Ellagic acid or allopurinol administration significantly decreased serum lipids, uric acid, glucose, insulin levels and hepatic contents of enzymes. Malondialdehyde (MDA), FAS, aldolase B, SERBP-1c, and xanthine oxidase (XO) hepatic contents showed significant decreases along with glutathione (GSH) increase as compared to fructose group where ellagic acid was more remarkable compared to allopurinol. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings indicated that ellagic acid had alleviated HFD-induced hyperuricemia, its associated NAFLD pattern as mediated through activation of CTRP3 and inhibition of ACL activities in a pattern more remarkable than allopurinol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed E Elesawy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo)BUC), Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Sobh
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gehad M Elnagar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Monoterpenoid Glycosides from the Leaves of Ligustrum robustum and Their Bioactivities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123709. [PMID: 35744841 PMCID: PMC9231160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The leaves of Ligustrum robustum have been applied as Ku-Ding-Cha, a functional tea to clear heat, remove toxins, and treat obesity and diabetes, in Southwest China. The phytochemical research on the leaves of L. robustum led to the isolation and identification of eight new monoterpenoid glycosides (1–8) and three known monoterpenoid glycosides (9–11). Compounds 1–11 were tested for the inhibitory activities on fatty acid synthase (FAS), α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and the antioxidant effects. Compound 2 showed stronger FAS inhibitory activity (IC50: 2.36 ± 0.10 μM) than the positive control orlistat (IC50: 4.46 ± 0.13 μM), while compounds 1, 2, 5 and 11 displayed more potent ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50: 6.91 ± 0.10~9.41 ± 0.22 μM) than the positive control L-(+)-ascorbic acid (IC50: 10.06 ± 0.19 μM). This study provided a theoretical basis for the leaves of L. robustum as a functional tea to treat obesity.
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Shi H, Yang J, Li J. Pomegranate peel polyphenols interaction with intestinal flora and its metabolic transformation. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:442-452. [PMID: 35506342 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2073291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. Pomegranate peel polyphenols (PPPs) have anti-oxidation, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-obesity effect, and so on. However, few studies have been conducted on the absorption and transformation of pomegranate polyphenols in the gut and the biologically active forms that ultimately work in the body.2. In this study, PPPs (300 mg/kg/day) were given to normal rats and relatively sterile rats by gavage respectively. The relatively sterile rats were obtained by neomycin sulfate (250 mg/kg/day) gavage to rats. The purpose of this study is to elaborate the relationship between intestinal flora and polyphenol metabolism of pomegranate peel, and to quantitatively analyze the transformation process of its metabolite urolithin in rats.3. The results showed that decreased bacterial diversity could significantly reduce the abundance of PPPs metabolites in feces and urine in relatively sterile rats. PPPs can regulate intestinal flora structure, significantly enhance the content of Clostrida Firmicutes (P < 0.05), and effectively promote acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, iso-butyric acid and valeric acid production in rat (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 or P< 0.001). PPPs can significantly elevate the relative proportion of Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.05). Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 can promote the metabolic transformation of PPPs and make the utilization of Urolithin A more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidan Shi
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junqi Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Zhang Z, Zeng M, Han X, Hou Z, Wang Z, Su T, Zhao W, Liu J, Liu H. A nascent protein labeling strategy disclosed mitochondrial proteomic responses in punicalagin intervened insulin resistance of HepG2 cells. Food Funct 2022; 13:1180-1191. [PMID: 35018929 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02749b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR), as a common pathophysiological basis, is closely related to a variety of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. IR is often accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction which could be induced by a high fat diet. Punicalagin (PU), a natural compound extracted from pomegranate, could ameliorate palmitate-induced IR. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well known. We propose that understanding the proteomic response of mitochondria may help define the mechanisms of PU in the prevention of IR. Most of the mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and transported from cytoplasm. To distinguish newly incorporated proteins responding to stimuli from pre-existing mitochondrial proteome, nascent proteins in HepG2 cells were pulse labeled by an amino acid analog L-azidohomoalanine. Nascent nuclear encoded mitochondrial proteins were enriched by click reaction followed by mass detection. Our data showed that PU increased nuclear encoded protein incorporation to mitochondria in general though the total protein levels remained immobile. To decipher this phenomenon, we tested the protein and mRNA levels of genes related to mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis and found that the mitochondrial turnover was accelerated by PU treatment. By the nascent protein labeling strategy and pathway analysis, we enriched the newly incorporated proteins of mitochondria for responding to PU treatment and found that PU induced nascent protein incorporation into mitochondria and enhanced mitochondrial turnover. These findings demonstrate that PU prevents IR by targeting mitochondria, and thus, is an effective natural nutrient beneficial for mitochondrial turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Xiao Han
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Zhanwu Hou
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Tian Su
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Huadong Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
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11
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Therapeutic Potential of Pomegranate in Metabolic Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1328:421-440. [PMID: 34981494 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and associated disorders have become one of the major challenging health problems over the last decades. Considerable attention has been paid to natural products and herbal medicines for the management of metabolic disorders in recent years. Many studies have investigated the therapeutic effects of different parts (arils, peels, seeds, and flowers) of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) for the prevention and treatment of this syndrome. This study aims to provide an updated review on the in vitro and in vivo studies as well as clinical trials investigating the effects of pomegranate and its active compounds on different components of metabolic problems such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, as well as obesity over the last two decades. Besides, the key mechanisms by which pomegranate affects these pathogenic conditions are also discussed. The studies show that although pomegranate has promising beneficial effects on diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity in various cellular, animal, and clinical models of studies, there are some conflicting results, particularly for hyperglycemic conditions. The main mechanisms include influencing oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory responses. Overall, pomegranate seems to have positive effects on the pathogenic conditions of metabolic syndrome according to the reviewed studies. Although pomegranate is not suggested as the first line of therapy or monotherapy, it could be only used as an adjunctive therapy. Nevertheless, further large and long-term clinical studies are still required.
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Fahmy HA, Farag MA. Ongoing and potential novel trends of pomegranate fruit peel; a comprehensive review of its health benefits and future perspectives as nutraceutical. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14024. [PMID: 34923641 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate is an ancient shrub, globally distributed nowadays. It has been used in the middle east as a medicinal food and traditional medicine for thousands of years. Pomegranate peel (PP) constitutes about 50% of the total fruit, however, it has been previously regarded as a waste. Recent research points to PP as a rich source of phenolics (e.g., ellagitannins, flavonoids, and anthocyanins), polysaccharides, in addition to its biotransformed metabolites viz. urolithins making it a valuable waste with promising pharmacological actions. Compared to the pulp and the juice, PP exhibited stronger antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Besides, it inhibited inflammation in several conditions, including colitis, arthritis, hepatitis, contact dermatitis, and lung inflammation. Moreover, it displayed anti-osteoporosis, anti-hyperglycemic, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, vasculoprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. Additionally, it was effective as a prebiotic and in obesity control, besides it promoted wound healing. Furthermore, PP demonstrated anticancer effects against different cancer types, for example, colon, liver, thyroid, uterine, breast, bladder, prostate, leukemia, and osteosarcoma. Despite PP safety, it may interfere with the metabolism of other drugs because it inhibits cytochromes (CYP) changing their bioavailability, effectiveness, and toxicity. PP biowaste valorization not only avoids against its environmental and economic burden but can also provide a promising platform to produce novel or improved nutraceuticals. This study provides a comprehensive overview of PP biological activities with the reported action mechanisms related to its phytochemicals and further biotransformed metabolites inside the body. Future research prospects to unravel the merits of such waste and optimize its use are discussed. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Pomegranate is widely distributed throughout the world. Although its peel was previously considered a waste, recent research regards it as a rich source of bioactive compounds with promising biological activities. Its recycling not only overcomes the bio-waste problems, but also provides a source of valuable compounds with several health benefits. In recent years, PP has been demonstrated to exhibit excellent pharmacological bioactivities, for example, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiosteoporosis, antihyperlipidemic, and anticancer activities. Its health-promoting power is mostly attributed to the phenolic and polysaccharide content, in addition to its amazing biotransformed metabolites. The underlying action mechanisms of such pharmacological activities are discussed and related to its chemical content. This review presents the latest research progress on the role of PP in the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases, and its protective health effects for future research to be used in nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology & Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Venusova E, Kolesarova A, Horky P, Slama P. Physiological and Immune Functions of Punicalagin. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072150. [PMID: 34201484 PMCID: PMC8308219 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this publication is to compile a summary of the findings regarding punicalagin in various tissues described thus far in the literature, with an emphasis on the effect of this substance on immune reactions. Punicalagin (PUN) is an ellagitannin found in the peel of pomegranate (Punica granatum). It is a polyphenol with proven antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic and chemopreventive activities, antiproliferative activity against tumor cells; it inhibits inflammatory pathways and the action of toxic substances, and is highly tolerated. This work describes the source, metabolism, functions and effects of punicalagin, its derivatives and metabolites. Furthermore, its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Venusova
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Adriana Kolesarova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Pavel Horky
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-545133146
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14
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Xochitl AF, Rosalía RC, Minerva RG, Mendoza-Sánchez M, Mora O, Pérez-Ramírez IF. Polyphenols and avenanthramides extracted from oat (Avena sativa L.) grains and sprouts modulate genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolisms in 3T3 L1 adipocytes. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13738. [PMID: 33899247 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of polyphenol (PE) and avenanthramide (AE) extracts from oat grains (OG) and sprouts (OS) on genes related to glucose and lipid metabolisms in 3T3 L1 adipocytes. The AE-OS exerted the greatest effect on genes involved in glucose metabolism, increasing Glut4, Irs1, and Pi3k expression by 3.0- to 3.9-fold. Conversely, the PE-OS exerted the greatest effect on genes involved in lipid metabolism, decreasing Fasn and Acaca expression by 0.2- to 0.3-fold, and increasing Cpt1a and Acadm expression by 2.7- to 3.0-fold. These effects were mainly related to their high content of avenanthramides A (2p), B (2f), and C (2c), quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol, sinapoylquinic acid, and apigenin and luteolin derivatives according to the chemometric analysis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that oat sprouts extract exerts a greater effect than oat grains on the regulation of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolisms in adipocytes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study demonstrates that polyphenols and avenanthramides extracted from oat (Avena sativa L.) grains and sprouts modulate key genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolisms in adipocytes and that oat sprouts exert a greatest health beneficial effect than oat grains due to their higher content of bioactive compounds. In addition, the chemometric analysis identified the bioactive compounds that can be associated with the beneficial effects of oat grains and sprouts, which can be further used for the identification of oat varieties and oat-derived products with high content of these bioactive compounds and, thus, with high nutraceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramos-Gómez Minerva
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Ofelia Mora
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Iza F Pérez-Ramírez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Querétaro, México
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15
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Sargin SA. Plants used against obesity in Turkish folk medicine: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113841. [PMID: 33460757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Obesity is one of the growing public health problems in Turkey, as well as all over the world, threatening people of almost all ages. Turkey has a large potential for research on this topic due to owning broad ethnomedicinal experience and the richest flora (34% endemic) of Europe and the Middle East. Herbs that they have utilized for centuries to treat and prevent obesity can provide useful options to overcome this issue. AIM OF THE STUDY This survey was carried out to disclose the inventory of plant taxa that the people of Turkey have been using for a few centuries in treating obesity without any side effects or complications, and to compare them with experimental studies in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research was achieved in two phases on the matter above by using electronic databases, such as Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, ProQuest, Medline, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, HighWire Press, PubMed and Google Scholar. Both results were shown in separate tables as well as the regional comparative analysis. RESULTS 117 herbal taxa belonging to 45 families were identified among the selected 74 studies conducted in the seven regions of Turkey. However, only 49 (41.9%) of them were found to be subjected to worldwide in vitro and in vivo research conducted on anti-obesity activity. Quercetin (9.1%), gallic acid (6.1%) and ferulic acid and epigallocatechin gallate (4.5%) have been recorded as the most common active ingredients among the 66 active substances identified. Prunus avium (32.4%) and Rosmarinus officinalis (25.7%) were identified as the most common plants used in Turkey. Also, Portulaca oleracea and Brassica oleracea emerged as the most investigated taxa in the literature. CONCLUSION This is the first country-wide ethnomedical review conducted on obesity treatment with plants in Turkey. Evaluating the results of the experimental anti-obesity research conducted in the recent years in the literature, it was determined that forty-nine plants were verified. This clearly shows that these herbs have a high potential to be a pharmacological resource. Moreover, 68 (41.9%) taxa, which haven't been investigated yet, are likely to be a promising resource for national and international pharmacological researchers in terms of new natural medicine searches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyid Ahmet Sargin
- Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Faculty of Education, Alanya, Antalya, 07400, Turkey.
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16
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Kábelová A, Malínská H, Marková I, Oliyarnyk O, Chylíková B, Šeda O. Ellagic Acid Affects Metabolic and Transcriptomic Profiles and Attenuates Features of Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Male Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030804. [PMID: 33671116 PMCID: PMC8001306 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid, a natural substance found in various fruits and nuts, was previously shown to exhibit beneficial effects towards metabolic syndrome. In this study, using a genetic rat model of metabolic syndrome, we aimed to further specify metabolic and transcriptomic responses to ellagic acid treatment. Adult male rats of the SHR-Zbtb16Lx/k.o. strain were fed a high-fat diet accompanied by daily intragastric gavage of ellagic acid (50 mg/kg body weight; high-fat diet–ellagic acid (HFD-EA) rats) or vehicle only (high-fat diet–control (HFD-CTL) rats). Morphometric and metabolic parameters, along with transcriptomic profile of liver and brown and epididymal adipose tissues, were assessed. HFD-EA rats showed higher relative weight of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and decreased weight of epididymal adipose tissue, although no change in total body weight was observed. Glucose area under the curve, serum insulin, and cholesterol levels, as well as the level of oxidative stress, were significantly lower in HFD-EA rats. The most differentially expressed transcripts reflecting the shift induced by ellagic acid were detected in BAT, showing downregulation of BAT activation markers Dio2 and Nr4a1 and upregulation of insulin-sensitizing gene Pla2g2a. Ellagic acid may provide a useful nutritional supplement to ameliorate features of metabolic syndrome, possibly by suppressing oxidative stress and its effects on brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adéla Kábelová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, The First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and The General University Hospital, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (B.C.)
| | - Hana Malínská
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.M.); (I.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Irena Marková
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.M.); (I.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.M.); (I.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Blanka Chylíková
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, The First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and The General University Hospital, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (B.C.)
| | - Ondřej Šeda
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, The First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and The General University Hospital, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (B.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-224-968-180
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17
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Oualcadi Y, Sebban MF, Berrekhis F. Improvement of microwave‐assisted Soxhlet extraction of bioactive compounds applied to pomegranate peels. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Oualcadi
- Equipe de Physico‐chimie des Matériaux Ecole Normale Supérieure Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech Morocco
| | - Mohamed Faouzi Sebban
- Equipe des Macromolécules Naturelles Ecole Normale Supérieure Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech Morocco
| | - Fatima Berrekhis
- Equipe de Physico‐chimie des Matériaux Ecole Normale Supérieure Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech Morocco
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18
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Ding C, Bi H, Wang D, Kang M, Tian Z, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhu T, Ma J. Preparation of Chitosan/Alginate-ellagic Acid Sustained-release Microspheres and their Inhibition of Preadipocyte Adipogenic Differentiation. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 20:1213-1222. [PMID: 31762423 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190809110511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, chitosan/alginate-ellagic acid sustained-release microspheres were prepared, and the effect of sustained-release microspheres on preadipocyte adipogenic differentiation was analyzed. METHODS Chitosan/alginate-ellagic acid microspheres were prepared and identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The drug release rates were measured at pH 6.8, 7.0, 7.2, 7.4 to determine sustained release of ellagic acid from microspheres. The effects of 0.1, 1, 10 mg/L chitosan/alginate-ellagic acid microsphere on 3T3-F442A preadipocyte proliferation were determined by Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay (MTT), and cell morphology was checked by hematoxylin/ eosin staining (HE staining). The effect of chitosan/alginate-ellagic acid microspheres on preadipocyte adipogenic differentiation was also determined by Oil red O staining, and lipogenesis was measured by isopropanol extraction. The molecular mechanism was investigated by detecting the mRNA expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferatorsactivated receptor gamma (PPARγ). RESULTS Chitosan/alginate-ellagic acid sustained-release microspheres were successfully prepared, and the inhibition of proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes was found to be dosedependent. The mechanism of differentiation inhibition was found to be closely related to the expression of transcription factor C/EBPα and PPARγ. CONCLUSION Chitosan/alginate can be used as a good material to prepare ellagic acid sustained-release microspheres, and these microspheres can be used for treating the obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshi Ding
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China.,Tianjin Institute of Environmental Medicine & Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Haidan Bi
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Deya Wang
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Meiling Kang
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Zhongjing Tian
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Yingxia Zhang
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Hongkai Wang
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Tianshun Zhu
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China.,Basic Medical School, Jining Medical College, Jining 272067, China
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19
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He L, Lan W, Ahmed S, Qin W, Liu Y. Electrospun polyvinyl alcohol film containing pomegranate peel extract and sodium dehydroacetate for use as food packaging. Food Packag Shelf Life 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Lin S, Wang Z, Lin Y, Ge S, Hamzah SS, Hu J. Bound phenolics from fresh lotus seeds exert anti-obesity effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-fed mice by activation of AMPK. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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21
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Du L, Li J, Zhang X, Wang L, Zhang W, Yang M, Hou C. Pomegranate peel polyphenols inhibits inflammation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages via the suppression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:3392. [PMID: 31073284 PMCID: PMC6495109 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Inflammatory response mediated by activated immune cells is a vital process in host defense system while responding to various stresses. Our previous studies have indicated that pomegranate peel polyphenols (PPPs) and their main components punicalagin (PC) and ellagic acid (EA) decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators by regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway, but whether these tested polyphenols play an important role in NF-κB signaling pathway, another crucial pathway of inflammation, remains unclear. OBJECTIVE In this study, we analyzed the anti-inflammatory effect of these polyphenols via TLR4-NF-κB pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. METHODS Different concentrations of PPPs, PC, and EA were pre-incubated with RAW264.7 macrophages and then stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL), and the effects of reactive oxygen species and TLR4 were investigated. Moreover, NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation, and degradation of IκB were measured by Western blot. Furthermore, the influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Our data showed that PPPs, PC, and EA inhibited LPS-induced intracellular ROS production and suppressed the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory mechanism was involved in blocking LPS-induced phosphorylation, degradation of IκB, and nuclear translocation of p65. Additionally, PPPs and PC exhibited a stronger anti-inflammatory effect than that of EA. CONCLUSION The results indicated that PPPs possess potent anti-inflammatory effect, and PC was the main effective component in PPPs, which provided new insights into the utilization of PPPs to prevent inflammation-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Du
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food & Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jianke Li
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xitong Zhang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lifang Wang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen Hou
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
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23
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Jiang H, Gan T, Zhang J, Ma Q, Liang Y, Zhao Y. The Structures and Bioactivities of Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:7081-7101. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190507105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS or FASN) is a vital enzyme which catalyzes
the de novo synthesis of long chain fatty acids. A number of studies have recently been reported
that FAS was combined targets for the discovery of anti-obesity and anti-cancer drugs. Great interest
has been developed in finding novel FAS inhibitors, and result in more than 200 inhibitors being
reported.
Methods:
The reported research literature about the FAS inhibitors was collected and analyzedsised
through major databases including Web of Science, and PubMed. Then the chemical stractures,
FAS inhibitory activities, and Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) were summarized
focused on all these reported FAS inhibitors.
Results:
The 248 FAS inhibitors, which were reported during the past 20 years, could be divided
into thiolactone, butyrolactone and butyrolactam, polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, and other
structures, in view of their structure characteristics. And the SAR of high inhibitory structures of
each type was proposed in this paper.
Conclusion:
A series of synthetic quinolinone derivatives show strongest inhibitory activity in the
reported FAS inhibitors. Natural polyphenols, existing in food and herbs, show more adaptive in
medicine exploration because of their safety and efficiency. Moreover, screening the FAS inhibitors
from microorganism and marine natural products could be the hot research directions in the
future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Tian Gan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jiasui Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Qingyun Ma
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Youxing Zhao
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
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Xie J, Wang Y, Jiang WW, Luo XF, Dai TY, Peng L, Song S, Li LF, Tao L, Shi CY, Hao RS, Xiao R, Tian Y, Sheng J. Moringa oleifera Leaf Petroleum Ether Extract Inhibits Lipogenesis by Activating the AMPK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1447. [PMID: 30618744 PMCID: PMC6305553 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, obesity has become a key factor affecting human health. Moringa oleifera Lam. is a perennial tropical deciduous tree, which is widely used in human medicine due to its nutritional and unique medicinal value. It has a cholesterol-lowering effect, but its mechanism of action is unclear. In this study, we elucidated the inhibitory effect of M. oleifera leaf petroleum ether extract (MOPEE) on lipid accumulation by in vitro and in vivo experiments, and we described its mechanism of action. MOPEE suppressed adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner and had no effect on cell viability at doses up to 400 μg/ml. Furthermore, MOPEE (400 μg/ml) significantly downregulated the expression of adipogenesis-associated proteins [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins α and β (C/EBPα and C/EBPβ), and fatty acid synthase (FAS)] and upregulated the expression of a lipolysis-associated protein [hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)] in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Additionally, MOPEE (400 μg/ml) significantly increased the degree of phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). An AMPK inhibitor reversed the MOPEE-induced activation of AMPKα and ACC in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Animal experiments showed that, in high-fat diet (HFD) mice, MOPEE [0.5 g/kg body weight (BW)] effectively decreased BW; relative epididymal, perirenal, and mesenteric fat weight and fat tissue size; and hepatic fat accumulation. Furthermore, MOPEE markedly reduced the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Moreover, MOPEE significantly downregulated the expression of adipogenesis-associated proteins (PPARγ and FAS) and upregulated the expression of a lipolysis-associated protein [adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)] in HFD mice hepatic and epididymal fat tissue. Additionally, MOPEE markedly increased the degree of phosphorylation of AMPKα and ACC in HFD mice hepatic and epididymal fat tissue. Following ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) analysis, three phytocompounds (isoquercitrin, chrysin-7-glucoside, and quercitrin) were identified as compounds with relatively high levels in MOPEE. Among them, quercitrin showed excellent fat accumulation inhibitory activity, and the three compounds had synergistic effects in inhibiting adipogenesis. Taken together, MOPEE inhibits fat accumulation by inhibiting the adipogenesis and promoting the lipolysis, and this process is related to AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei-Wei Jiang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuan-Fei Luo
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Tian-Yi Dai
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Research Institute of Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry, Kunming, China
| | - Shuang Song
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling-Fei Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Liang Tao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chong-Ying Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruo-Shi Hao
- Research Institute of Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Research Institute of Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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25
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Wang L, Lian B, Wu W, Deng Y, Liu Y, Wang L, Li Y, Wang Z, Zhao X. Optimization of Ellagic Acid Purification from Pomegranate Husk by Antisolvent Recrystallization. Chem Eng Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201700301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Northeast Forestry University; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology; Ministry of Education; Hexing Road 26 150040 Harbin China
| | - Bolin Lian
- Northeast Forestry University; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology; Ministry of Education; Hexing Road 26 150040 Harbin China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Northeast Forestry University; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology; Ministry of Education; Hexing Road 26 150040 Harbin China
| | - Yiping Deng
- Northeast Forestry University; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology; Ministry of Education; Hexing Road 26 150040 Harbin China
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Northeast Forestry University; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology; Ministry of Education; Hexing Road 26 150040 Harbin China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Northeast Forestry University; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology; Ministry of Education; Hexing Road 26 150040 Harbin China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Northeast Forestry University; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology; Ministry of Education; Hexing Road 26 150040 Harbin China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Northeast Forestry University; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology; Ministry of Education; Hexing Road 26 150040 Harbin China
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- Northeast Forestry University; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology; Ministry of Education; Hexing Road 26 150040 Harbin China
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26
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Pomegranate peel polyphenols inhibits inflammation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages via the suppression of MAPKs activation. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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27
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Zhu W, Lv C, Wang J, Gao Q, Zhu H, Wen H. Patuletin induces apoptosis of human breast cancer SK-BR-3 cell line via inhibiting fatty acid synthase gene expression and activity. Oncol Lett 2018; 14:7449-7454. [PMID: 29344187 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a key enzyme involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and serves an important role in breast cancer development. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of patuletin on the gene expression and activity of FASN in the human breast cancer SK-BR-3 cell line, and the apoptotic effects of patuletin to breast cancer cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and intracellular FASN activity assays were used to evaluate FASN gene expression, protein expression and activity in patuletin-treated SK-BR-3 cells. MTT assays and flow cytometry were used to measure cell growth and cell apoptosis, respectively, following patuletin treatment. As a result, it was demonstrated that patuletin dose-dependently reduces FASN expression and intracellular activity in human breast cancer cells, and induces apoptosis in FASN over-expressing SK-BR-3 cells. Notably, apoptosis is associated with the reduction of intracellular FASN activity. The present study demonstrates that patuletin may be considered as a novel natural inhibitor of FASN, may induce anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in certain human breast cancer cells and may be useful for preventing and/or treating human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China.,National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Lv
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Wen
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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28
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Liang Y, Luo D, Gao X, Wu H. Inhibitory effects of garcinone E on fatty acid synthase. RSC Adv 2018; 8:8112-8117. [PMID: 35542030 PMCID: PMC9078525 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13246h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is highly expressed in human adipocytes and cancer cells and is considered as a dual therapeutic target for obesity and cancer treatment. Garcinone E is a natural xanthone and exists in the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana. In previous studies, xanthones were reported to be highly active inhibitors of FAS. In the present study, the detailed inhibitory mechanism of garcinone E on FAS was investigated. We found that garcinone E inhibited the activity of FAS in a concentration-dependent manner with a half-inhibitory concentration value of 3.3 μM. The inhibition kinetic results showed that the inhibition of FAS by garcinone E was competitive with respect to acetyl-CoA, mixed competitive and noncompetitive with respect to malonyl-CoA, and noncompetitive to NADPH. In addition, garcinone E showed irreversible inhibition on FAS, which was different from all other xanthones. Since FAS is believed to be a therapeutic target for obesity and cancer treatment, these findings suggest the clinical potential of garcinone E in the prevention and treatment of both obesity and cancer. Garcinone E exhibits both fast-binding reversible and time-dependent irreversible inhibition on the activity of fatty acid synthase.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- School of Kinesiology and Health
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Di Luo
- Scientific Research Office
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Xuan Gao
- School of Kinesiology and Health
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Hao Wu
- Scientific Research Office
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
- Beijing 100191
- China
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29
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Lu Y, Chen J, Xian T, Zhou Y, Yuan W, Wang M, Gan Y, Wang K, Xiong S, Ma C, Yu X, Huang Q. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses differentiation of adipocytes via regulating the phosphorylation of FOXO1 mediated by PI3K-AKT signaling in 3T3-L1 cells. Oncotarget 2017; 9:7411-7423. [PMID: 29484120 PMCID: PMC5800912 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a pivotal effective component of green tea. It is known that EGCG has antioxidant activity, anti-angiogenesis, anti-tumor, cardiovascular protection and blood lipid regulation functions. Forkhead box-O1 (FOXO1) is one of the downstream signals of protein kinase B (AKT) and takes part in adipogenesis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of EGCG on adipose differentiation and the likely mechanisms. 3T3-L1 cells were induced by DMI for 2, 4, 6 and 8 days, respectively. During induction, the cells were treated with EGCG (5 μM, 10 μM, 50 μM and 100 μM) or DMSO for the first 2 days. In addition, another batch of 3T3-L1cells were treated with SC-3036 (PI3K activator, 10 µM), or LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor, 10 µM) alone or combined with EGCG (100 μM) for the indicated times. Medium glucose concentration, lipid accumulation, the levels of TNF-α, resistin, adiponectin and leptin and the expression of FOXO1, phosphorylated-FOXO1 (P-FOXO1), PPARγ, fatty acid synthase (FAS) were detected, respectively. The present study demonstrated that EGCG inhibited glucose uptake, lipid accumulation and adipokine secretion in a concentration-dependent manner during adipogenesis, which suggests that EGCG inhibits adipocyte’s differentiation, maturation and functions. Moreover, EGCG also down-regulated the expression levels of PPARγ and P-FOXO1. Conversely, the PI3K activator reversed these changes caused by EGCG, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of EGCG may be mediated by PI3K-AKT-FOXO1 pathway to negatively regulate the expression of PPARγ. The findings will provide a solid foundation for EGCG to prevent and cure the obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Junye Chen
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China.,Nanchang Joint Programme, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Tao Xian
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yumeng Zhou
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Wanwan Yuan
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Mengxi Wang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuyang Gan
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China.,Nanchang Joint Programme, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Shaofeng Xiong
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Cong Ma
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Yu
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
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30
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Kasabri V, Al-Hallaq EK, Bustanji YK, Abdul-Razzak KK, Abaza IF, Afifi FU. Antiobesity and antihyperglycaemic effects of Adiantum capillus-veneris extracts: in vitro and in vivo evaluations. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:164-172. [PMID: 27663206 PMCID: PMC7011982 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1233567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adiantum capillus-veneris L. (Adiantaceae) hypocholesterolemic activity is therapeutically praised. OBJECTIVES Pharmacological modulation of pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase (PL) and α-amylase/α-glucosidase by A. capillus-veneris are evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using positive controls (acarbose, orlistat, guar gum, atorvastatin, glipizide and metformin) as appropriate, crude aqueous extracts (AEs) of A. capillus-veneris aerial parts were tested via a combination of in vitro enzymatic (0.24-100 mg/mL), acute in vivo carbohydrate tolerance tests (125, 250 or 500 mg/kg body weight [b.wt]) and chronic in vivo studies (500 mg/kg b.wt) in high cholesterol diet (HCD) fed Wistar rats. RESULTS Like acarbose, A. capillus-veneris as well as chlorogenic acid, with respective IC50 values (mg/mL) of 0.8 ± 0.0 and 0.2 ± 0.0, were identified as in vitro potent dual inhibitors of α-amylase/α-glucosidase. Unlike guar gum, A. capillus-veneris had no glucose diffusion hindrance capacity. Equivalent to orlistat, A. capillus-veneris and its phytoconstituents inhibited PL in vitro with an ascending order of PL- IC50 values (μg/mL): ferulic acid; 0.48 ± 0.06 < ellagic acid; 13.53 ± 1.83 < chlorogenic acid; 38.4 ± 2.8 < A. capillus-veneris; 1600 ± 100. Incomparable to acarbose or metformin and glipizide, A. capillus-veneris (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt) lacked antihyperglycaemic efficacies in acute starch- or glucose-evoked postprandial hyperglycaemia increments in normoglycaemic overnight fasting rats. Superior to atorvastatin; A. capillus-veneris exerted significant antiobesity (p < 0.001) with marked triacylglycerol-reducing capacities (p < 0.001) in comparison to rats fed with HCD for 10 weeks. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION A. capillus-veneris, modulating pancreatic digestive enzymes, may be advocated as a combinatorial diabesity prevention/phytotherapy agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet Kasabri
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | | | | - Ismail F Abaza
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fatma U Afifi
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- CONTACT Prof. Fatma U. AfifiSchool of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman 11942, Jordan
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31
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John KM, Bhagwat AA, Luthria DL. Swarm motility inhibitory and antioxidant activities of pomegranate peel processed under three drying conditions. Food Chem 2017; 235:145-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Wang ST, Chou CT, Su NW. A food-grade self-nanoemulsifying delivery system for enhancing oral bioavailability of ellagic acid. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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33
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Fernandes L, Pereira JA, Lopéz-Cortés I, Salazar DM, González-Álvarez J, Ramalhosa E. Physicochemical composition and antioxidant activity of several pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars grown in Spain. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2884-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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34
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Ambigaipalan P, de Camargo AC, Shahidi F. Phenolic Compounds of Pomegranate Byproducts (Outer Skin, Mesocarp, Divider Membrane) and Their Antioxidant Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6584-604. [PMID: 27509218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate peel was separated into outer leathery skin (PS), mesocarp (PM), and divider membrane (PD), and its phenolic compounds were extracted as free (F), esterified (E), and insoluble-bound (B) forms for the first time. The total phenolic content followed the order PD > PM > PS. ABTS(•+), DPPH, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and metal chelation were evaluated. In addition, pomegranate peel extracts showed inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase activity, lipase activity, and cupric ion-induced LDL-cholesterol oxidation as well as peroxyl and hydroxyl radical-induced DNA scission. Seventy-nine phenolic compounds were identified using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) mainly in the form of insoluble-bound. Thirty compounds were identified for the first time. Gallic acid was the major phenolic compound in pomegranate peel, whereas kaempferol 3-O-glucoside was the major flavonoid. Moreover, ellagic acid and monogalloyl-hexoside were the major hydrolyzable tannins, whereas the dominant proanthocyanidin was procyanidin dimers. Proanthocyanidins were detected for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyatharini Ambigaipalan
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9
| | - Adriano Costa de Camargo
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food & Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo , Av. Pádua Dias 11, P.O. Box 9, CEP 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X9
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35
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Zaki A, Ashour A, Mira A, Kishikawa A, Nakagawa T, Zhu Q, Shimizu K. Biological Activities of Oleanolic Acid Derivatives fromCalendula officinalisSeeds. Phytother Res 2016; 30:835-41. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
- National Center for Natural Product Research; University of Mississippi, University; MS 38677 USA
| | - Ahmed Ashour
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences; Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
| | - Amira Mira
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences; Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
| | - Asuka Kishikawa
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences; Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakagawa
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences; Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Qinchang Zhu
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences; Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences; Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
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36
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Assessment of polyphenolic profile and antibacterial activity of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum) flour obtained from co-product of juice extraction. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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37
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Lv O, Wang L, Li J, Ma Q, Zhao W. Effects of pomegranate peel polyphenols on lipid accumulation and cholesterol metabolic transformation in L-02 human hepatic cells via the PPARγ-ABCA1/CYP7A1 pathway. Food Funct 2016; 7:4976-4983. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01261b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PPPs, PC and PEA in different concentrations were found to decrease the total cholesterol (TC) content and increase the total bile acid (TBA) content of a human hepatic cell model, and so possess a lipid-lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Lv
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Lifang Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization
| | - Qianqian Ma
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
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38
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Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: Antioxidant activity and health effects – A review. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1440] [Impact Index Per Article: 160.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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39
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Liu J, Yang P, Shi H, Sun X, Lee SH, Yu L(L. A novel Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponin and its adipogenesis inhibitory effect through modulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway and cell cycle in mitotic clonal expansion. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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40
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41
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Li L, Xu J, Mu Y, Han L, Liu R, Cai Y, Huang X. Chemical characterization and anti-hyperglycaemic effects of polyphenol enriched longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) pericarp extracts. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Zhu Q, Nakagawa T, Kishikawa A, Ohnuki K, Shimizu K. In vitro bioactivities and phytochemical profile of various parts of the strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa var. Amaou). J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Calycosin induces apoptosis in human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells by activating caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5333-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Vora A, Londhe V, Pandita N. Herbosomes enhance the in vivo antioxidant activity and bioavailability of punicalagins from standardized pomegranate extract. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Nuncio-Jáuregui N, Nowicka P, Munera-Picazo S, Hernández F, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA, Wojdyło A. Identification and quantification of major derivatives of ellagic acid and antioxidant properties of thinning and ripe Spanish pomegranates. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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46
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Zhao W, Li J, He X, Lv O, Cheng Y, Liu R. In vitro steatosis hepatic cell model to compare the lipid-lowering effects of pomegranate peel polyphenols with several other plant polyphenols as well as its related cholesterol efflux mechanisms. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:945-954. [PMID: 28962306 PMCID: PMC5598384 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to compare the relative activities of the purified pomegranate peels polyphenols (PPPs) with some other plant polyphenols including punicalagin, ellagic acid, gallic acid, phlorizin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the lipid metabolism regulation, and the cholesterol efflux mechanisms of PPPs and punicalagin were also investigated. In this paper, a convenient and accurate in vitro HL7702 steatosis hepatic cell model was applied to evaluate the lipid-lowering effects of the tested polyphenols. The results showed that PPPs possessed the strongest lipid-lowering effects. Prevention group (treated with polyphenols when establishing of steatosis model) was more effective than treatment group (treated with polyphenols after establishment of steatosis model). Punicalagin displayed the strongest lipid-lowering effects among all the tested components of pomegranate peel polyphenols. Moreover, PPPs and punicalagin (10, 20, 40 μg/mL) significantly increased the mRNA expression of LXRα (Liver X receptor alpha) and its target genes-ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) in a dose-dependent manner in HL7702 steatosis hepatic cells. The high mRNA expression of LXRα and ABCA1, next to lovastatin, was observed in cells treated with 40 μg/mL of PPPs. These in vitro findings suggested that PPPs might have great potential in the clinic treatment of hyperlipemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Xiaoye He
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Ou Lv
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Yujiang Cheng
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
| | - Run Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, PR China
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Wang YW, Kuo CF. 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, a bitter principle in plants, suppresses adipogenesis through the regulation of ERK1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9860-9867. [PMID: 25222709 DOI: 10.1021/jf503344v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Because of the prevalence of obesity, there is particular interest in finding potential therapeutic targets. In a previous study, we demonstrated that 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde (2,4,5-TMBA), a bitter principle in plants and a natural cyclooxygenase II (COX-2) inhibitor, suppressed the differentiation of preadipocyts into adipocytes at the concentration of 0.5 mM. In this current study, we aimed to investigate the stage during adipogenesis that is critically affected by 2,4,5-TMBA and the effects of 2,4,5-TMBA on the time-course expression of signaling molecules MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK, represented by MEK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)α, β, and δ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, lipogenic enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), and lipid droplet-coating protein perilipin A. When preadipocytes were co-cultured with 2,4,5-TMBA (0.5 mM) specifically at post-induction days 0-2, 2-4, 4-6, or 6-8 only, relative lipid accumulation was decreased by 67.93, 34.65, 49.56, and 34.32%, respectively. A time-course study showed that treatment of 2,4,5-TMBA suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1 at the initial stage of adipogenesis but upregulated the phosphorylation at the late stage, which is opposite to the conditions required for the differentiation process. The overall expression of C/EBPα, β, and δ, PPARγ2, ACC, FAS, and perilipin A in preadipocytes was downregulated by the treatment of 2,4,5-TMBA. Taken together, our findings suggest that 2,4,5-TMBA suppresses adipogenesis through the regulation of ERK1 phosphorylation. Although results from in vitro studies cannot be directly extrapolated into clinical effects, our study will help to elucidate the anti-adipogenic potential of 2,4,5-TMBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Wang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University , 70 Ta-Chih Street, 104 Taipei, Taiwan
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Luo Y, Wang SX, Zhou ZQ, Wang Z, Zhang YG, Zhang Y, Zhao P. Apoptotic effect of genistein on human colon cancer cells via inhibiting the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11483-8. [PMID: 25128065 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein possesses a wide variety of biological activities, and it is best known for its ability to inhibit cancer progression. Its cancer-preventive effect has been attributed to various mechanisms, including the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis as well as the antioxidant functions. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) is a signaling pathway that controls transcriptional activation of genes important for the tight regulation of many cellular processes and is aberrantly expressed in many types of cancer. Inhibitors of NF-κB pathway have shown potential anti-tumor activities. However, it is not fully elucidated in colon cancer. In the present study, we demonstrated that genistein could induce apoptosis in human colon cancer LoVo and HT-29 cells through inhibiting NF-κB pathway, as well as downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax, thus providing basis for clinical application of genistein in colon cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Department of Health Management Center, Hangzhou Sanatorium of PLA, 27 Yang Gongdi Rd., Hangzhou, 310007, People's Republic of China
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Protective effects of an aqueous Pericarpium Granati extract against inflammatory damage in mice. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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50
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Chen Q, Wu X, Liu L, Shen J. Polyphenol-rich extracts from Oiltea camellia prevent weight gain in obese mice fed a high-fat diet and slowed the accumulation of triacylglycerols in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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