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Chapple B, Woodfin S, Moore W. The Perfect Cup? Coffee-Derived Polyphenols and Their Roles in Mitigating Factors Affecting Type 2 Diabetes Pathogenesis. Molecules 2024; 29:751. [PMID: 38398503 PMCID: PMC10891742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing health concern with an estimated 462 million people having been diagnosed worldwide. T2D is characterized by chronically elevated blood glucose and insulin resistance, which culminate in a diminished function of the β-cell mass in its later stages. This can be perpetuated by and result in inflammation, excess reactive oxygen species production, obesity, and the dysregulation of multiple cellular pathways. Many naturally occurring small molecules have been investigated in terms of their roles in modulating glucose homeostasis and β-cell function. Many of these compounds can be found in commonly used sources of food and drink. Interestingly, a correlation has been observed between coffee consumption and T2D incidence. However, the specific compounds responsible for this correlation and their mechanisms are still somewhat undetermined. This paper reviews recent research findings on the effects of several polyphenols that are either found in coffee or are metabolites of compounds found in coffee (enterodiol, enterolactone, matairesinol, secoisolariciresinol, kaempferol, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid) on glucose homeostasis and health complications associated with glucose dysregulation, with a special emphasis on their potential anti-diabetic effects. The factors that affect polyphenol content in coffee are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William Moore
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA; (B.C.); (S.W.)
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Gupta MK, Gouda G, Sultana S, Punekar SM, Vadde R, Ravikiran T. Structure-related relationship: Plant-derived antidiabetic compounds. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2023:241-295. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91294-5.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
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3
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Plaha NS, Awasthi S, Sharma A, Kaushik N. Distribution, biosynthesis and therapeutic potential of lignans. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:255. [PMID: 36065422 PMCID: PMC9440181 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignans have long been known for their abundant therapeutic properties due to their polyphenolic structure. Linseed is the richest plant source of lignans and has been studied widely for their properties. The most prevalent lignan, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), is consumed with linseed and converted into mammalian lignans, enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL), by the gut microbiota. SDG can easily be assessed using HPLC and its deglycosylated form viz secoisolariciresinol can be asses using GC-MS techniques. Variety of extraction and analysis methods has been reported for plant lignans. SDG is known to have therapeutic properties including anti-oxidant, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, modulation of gene expression, anti-diabetic, estrogenic and anti-estrogenic. Despite a large number of bioactivities, strong evidences for the underlying mechanisms for most of the properties are still unknown. SDG is most studied for its anti-cancerous properties. But the use of lignans as anti-carcinogenic agent is limited and commercially not reported due to challenges of purification at commercial level, rapid metabolism, untargeted delivery and toxic compounds associated with lignans. Exploration of more prominent and active derivatives of SDG and their targeted drug delivery should be an important research toward the use of bioactive lignans of linseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Singh Plaha
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP India
| | - Sumegha Awasthi
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP India
| | - Ayushi Sharma
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP India
| | - Nutan Kaushik
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP India
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Xia H, Shi X, Zhou B, Sui J, Yang C, Liu H, Yang L, Wang S, Sun G. Milled flaxseed-added diets ameliorated hepatic inflammation by reducing gene expression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway and altered gut microbiota in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lee D, Kim YM, Kim HW, Choi YK, Park BJ, Joo SH, Kang KS. Schisandrin C Affects Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β-Cells and Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216509. [PMID: 34770916 PMCID: PMC8587027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of three lignans (schisandrol A, schisandrol B, and schisandrin C) on insulin secretion in rat INS-1 pancreatic β-cells and glucose uptake in mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Schisandrol A and schisandrin C enhanced insulin secretion in response to high glucose levels with no toxic effects on INS-1 cells. The effect of schisandrin C was superior to that of gliclazide (positive control), a drug commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D). In addition, western blot analysis showed that the expression of associated proteins, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), was increased in INS-1 cells after treatment with schisandrin C. In addition, insulin secretion effect of schisandrin C were enhanced by the Bay K 8644 (L-type Ca2+ channel agonist) and glibenclamide (K+ channel blocker), were abolished by the nifedipine (L-type Ca2+ channel blocker) and diazoxide (K+ channel activator). Moreover, schisandrin C enhanced glucose uptake with no toxic effects on C2C12 cells. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of associated proteins, including insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), PI3K, Akt, glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4), was increased in C2C12 cells after treatment with schisandrin C. Schisandrin C may improve hyperglycemia by enhancing insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells and improving glucose uptake into skeletal muscle cells. Our findings may provide evidence that schisandrin C may be beneficial in devising novel anti-T2D strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.-M.K.); (H.W.K.)
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.-M.K.); (H.W.K.)
| | - You-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Korean International Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Bang Ju Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Sang Hoon Joo
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.J.); (K.S.K.); Tel.: +82-53-850-3614 (S.H.J.); +82-31-750-5402 (K.S.K.)
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.H.J.); (K.S.K.); Tel.: +82-53-850-3614 (S.H.J.); +82-31-750-5402 (K.S.K.)
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Blahova J, Martiniakova M, Babikova M, Kovacova V, Mondockova V, Omelka R. Pharmaceutical Drugs and Natural Therapeutic Products for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:806. [PMID: 34451903 PMCID: PMC8398612 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most widespread form of diabetes, characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, and inefficient insulin secretion and action. Primary care in T2DM is pharmacological, using drugs of several groups that include insulin sensitisers (e.g., biguanides, thiazolidinediones), insulin secretagogues (e.g., sulphonylureas, meglinides), alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and the newest incretin-based therapies and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. However, their long-term application can cause many harmful side effects, emphasising the importance of the using natural therapeutic products. Natural health substances including non-flavonoid polyphenols (e.g., resveratrol, curcumin, tannins, and lignans), flavonoids (e.g., anthocyanins, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, naringin, rutin, and kaempferol), plant fruits, vegetables and other products (e.g., garlic, green tea, blackcurrant, rowanberry, bilberry, strawberry, cornelian cherry, olive oil, sesame oil, and carrot) may be a safer alternative to primary pharmacological therapy. They are recommended as food supplements to prevent and/or ameliorate T2DM-related complications. In the advanced stage of T2DM, the combination therapy of synthetic agents and natural compounds with synergistic interactions makes the treatment more efficient. In this review, both pharmaceutical drugs and selected natural products, as well as combination therapies, are characterized. Mechanisms of their action and possible negative side effects are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Blahova
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.B.); (M.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Monika Martiniakova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Martina Babikova
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.B.); (M.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Veronika Kovacova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Vladimira Mondockova
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.B.); (M.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Radoslav Omelka
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.B.); (M.B.); (V.M.)
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Insulin-Resistant Adolescents with Obesity: The Role of Nutrition Therapy and Food Supplements as a Strategy to Protect Fertility. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061848. [PMID: 34071499 PMCID: PMC8228678 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in young reproductive-aged women. PCOS is often associated with obesity and impairs reproductive health. Even though several theories have been proposed to explain the pathogenic mechanism of PCOS, the role of insulin resistance (IR) as a key etiological component, independently of (but amplified by) obesity, is well recognized. The consequent hyperinsulinemia activates excessive ovarian androgen production, leading to PCOS. Additionally, the state of chronic inflammation related to obesity impacts ovarian physiology due to insulin sensitivity impairment. The first-line treatment for adolescents with obesity and PCOS includes lifestyle changes; personalized dietary interventions; and, when needed, weight loss. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and the use of specific food supplements in these patients aim at improving symptoms and signs, including insulin resistance and metabolic and reproductive functions. The purpose of this narrative review is to present and discuss PCOS in adolescents with obesity, its relationship with IR and the role of MNT and food supplements in treatment. Appropriate early dietary intervention for the management of adolescents with obesity and PCOS should be considered as the recommended approach to restore ovulation and to protect fertility.
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Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside Regulates Adipose Tissue Metabolic Disorder in Obese Mice Induced by a Western Diet. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5580772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is the main component of flax lignans. Current studies have reported a positive effect of SDG on obesity and metabolic diseases. SDG has strong blood fat- and blood sugar-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects and prevents heart disease and other chronic diseases. In this study, we explored the effects of SDG on Western diet-induced obesity and lipid metabolic disorder. Supplementing Western diet-induced obese mice with 40 mg kg1 d1, SDG for 12 weeks significantly reduced body and tissue weights. Increased adiponectin levels and decreased serum leptin and resistin levels were observed in obese mice orally administered SDG. Proliferation of adipose tissue was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and cell size was quantitatively analyzed. As a result, SDG inhibited the proliferation of adipose tissue. In addition, SDG suppressed the mRNA expression of lipid synthetic genes and upregulated the mRNA expression of lipolytic genes. Overall, these results indicate that SDG inhibits obesity induced by a Western diet and regulates adipose tissue metabolic disorder. These results provide a theoretical basis for further study on the regulation of obesity and lipid metabolic disorder caused by SDG.
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Herring Milt and Herring Milt Protein Hydrolysate Are Equally Effective in Improving Insulin Sensitivity and Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function in Diet-Induced Obese- and Insulin-Resistant Mice. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120635. [PMID: 33322303 PMCID: PMC7763884 DOI: 10.3390/md18120635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although genetic predisposition influences the onset and progression of insulin resistance and diabetes, dietary nutrients are critical. In general, protein is beneficial relative to carbohydrate and fat but dependent on protein source. Our recent study demonstrated that 70% replacement of dietary casein protein with the equivalent quantity of protein derived from herring milt protein hydrolysate (HMPH; herring milt with proteins being enzymatically hydrolyzed) significantly improved insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. As production of protein hydrolysate increases the cost of the product, it is important to determine whether a simply dried and ground herring milt product possesses similar benefits. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate the effect of herring milt dry powder (HMDP) on glucose control and the associated metabolic phenotypes and further to compare its efficacy with HMPH. Male C57BL/6J mice on a high-fat diet for 7 weeks were randomized based on body weight and blood glucose into three groups. One group continued on the high-fat diet and was used as the insulin-resistant/diabetic control and the other two groups were given the high-fat diet modified to have 70% of casein protein being replaced with the same amount of protein from HMDP or HMPH. A group of mice on a low-fat diet all the time was used as the normal control. The results demonstrated that mice on the high-fat diet increased weight gain and showed higher blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, and leptin, as well as impaired glucose tolerance and pancreatic β-cell function relative to those on the normal control diet. In comparison with the high-fat diet, the replacement of 70% dietary casein protein with the same amount of HMDP or HMPH protein decreased weight gain and significantly improved the aforementioned biomarkers, insulin sensitivity or resistance, and β-cell function. The HMDP and HMPH showed similar effects on every parameter except blood lipids where HMDP decreased total cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol levels while the effect of HMPH was not significant. The results demonstrate that substituting 70% of dietary casein protein with the equivalent amount of HMDP or HMPH protein protects against obesity and diabetes, and HMDP is also beneficial to cholesterol homeostasis.
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10
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The experimental application of steam explosion-pre-treated flaxseed meal with hypoglycaemic and lipid-lowering functions in rats on a high-fat-sugar diet. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2020. [DOI: 10.15586/qas.v12i2.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Wei L, Zhao C, Dong S, Yao S, Ji B, Zhao B, Liu Z, Liu X, Wang Y. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside alleviates hepatic lipid metabolic misalignment involving the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial axis. Food Funct 2020; 11:3952-3963. [PMID: 32426795 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00124d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) has positive effects on obesity and its complications. We investigated the effects and mechanism of SDG on high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD)-induced hepatic lipid metabolic disorders. Supplementation with 40 mg kg-1 d-1 SDG for 12 weeks significantly reduced the body weight and the ratio of liver and adipose tissue to body weight in HFFD-fed mice. Serum and hepatic TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels became normalized, and hepatic lipid metabolic disorders lessened because of the downregulation of lipid synthesis genes and upregulation of lipid oxidation genes. SDG also alleviated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating the ER stress factors Bip, IRE1α, Xbp1, Atf6, Perk, and Chop and mitochondrial function-related genes Cox5b, Cox7a1, Cox8b, and Cycs. Results with HepG2 cells confirmed that SDG regulated lipid metabolic disorders by the ER stress-Ca2+-mitochondrial-associated pathway. Our study provides a strategy for the treatment of obesity and its related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China.
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12
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Targeting Metabolic Consequences of Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by D-chiro-inositol and Emerging Nutraceuticals: A Focused Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9040987. [PMID: 32252239 PMCID: PMC7230532 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder associated with ovarian dysfunction, infertility, menstrual irregularity, and hormonal impairments. Over the last decade, several studies have shown that some PCOS women have insulin resistance (InsR) and hyperinsulinemia, apart from being overweight or obese. Therefore, a crucial clinical aspect is that PCOS patients might develop glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. Insulin-sensitizing drugs have been used as first-line treatment to improve hyperinsulinemia in women with PCOS. Although reducing PCOS symptoms and signs, several used insulin-sensitizer drugs may induce side effects, which reduces compliance. D-chiro-inositol (DCI), which is a naturally occurring stereoisomer of inositol, has been classified as an insulin-sensitizer and seems to mitigate multiple InsR-related metabolic alterations in PCOS with a safe profile. However, according to a multi-targeted design, the supplementation with DCI can be synergistically integrated by combining other potential insulin-sensitizing drugs and/or nutraceuticals. The literature provides the initial support for using several unexplored nutraceutical interventions that may target relevant metabolic abnormalities associated with InsR in PCOS. With a need to promote interest in clinical research, this review aims to discuss the efficacy of DCI and the role of emerging nutraceuticals for managing InsR in PCOS.
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Bouzghaya S, Amri M, Homblé F. Improvement of Diabetes Symptoms and Complications by an Aqueous Extract of Linum usitatissimum (L.) Seeds in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice. J Med Food 2020; 23:1077-1082. [PMID: 32109173 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although progress has been made to show the role of raw flaxseed and flaxseed extracts in health promotion, identification of mechanism(s) of action and molecule(s) underpinning beneficial effects largely remain unknown. The present study evaluated the efficacy of an aqueous flaxseed extract (AFE) to correct alloxan-induced diabetes in mice. Mice were divided into five groups: one nondiabetic (negative control) and four diabetic. Diabetic mice were treated with AFE, gallic acid (GA) (major component of AFE), insulin (positive control), or remained untreated (positive control). Oral administration of AFE strongly improved serum glucose, oral glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, body weight, and polyphagia in diabetic mice. AFE was effective in controlling lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) in liver and kidney, which undergo diabetes-related complications due to hyperglycemia. These results demonstrated that GA alone was sufficient to account for the beneficial health effects of AFE against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Bouzghaya
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia.,Faculty of Science, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Research Unit, UR/11ES09, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fabrice Homblé
- SFMB, Free University of Brussels (ULB), CP 206/02, Brussels, Belgium
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Ardabilchi Marand M, Amjadi S, Ardabilchi Marand M, Roufegarinejad L, Jafari SM. Fortification of yogurt with flaxseed powder and evaluation of its fatty acid profile, physicochemical, antioxidant, and sensory properties. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Herring Milt Protein Hydrolysate Improves Insulin Resistance in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Male C57BL/6J Mice. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17080456. [PMID: 31382619 PMCID: PMC6724050 DOI: 10.3390/md17080456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein consumption influences glucose homeostasis, but the effect depends on the type and origin of proteins ingested. The present study was designed to determine the effect of herring milt protein hydrolysate (HPH) on insulin function and glucose metabolism in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Male C57BL/6J mice were pretreated with a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet for 6 weeks. Mice on the high-fat diet were divided into four groups where one group continued on the high-fat diet and the other three groups were fed a modified high-fat diet where 15%, 35%, and 70%, respectively, of casein was replaced with an equal percentage of protein derived from HPH. After 10 weeks, mice that continued on the high-fat diet showed significant increases in body weight, blood glucose, insulin, and leptin levels and exhibited impaired oral glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Compared to mice fed the high-fat diet, the 70% replacement of dietary casein with HPH protein reduced body weight, semi-fasting blood glucose, fasting blood glucose, insulin, leptin, and cholesterol levels and improved glucose tolerance, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) indices. The 35% replacement of dietary casein with HPH protein showed moderate effects, while the 15% replacement of dietary casein with HPH protein had no effects. This is the first study demonstrating that replacing dietary casein with the same amount of protein derived from HPH can prevent high-fat-diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.
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Kamran M, Kharazmi F, Malekzadeh K, Talebi A, Khosravi F, Soltani N. Effect of Long-term Administration of Oral Magnesium Sulfate and Insulin to Reduce Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia in Rats: the Role of Akt2 and IRS1 Gene Expressions. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 190:396-404. [PMID: 30519800 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of long-term oral administration of magnesium sulfate and insulin on hyperglycemia were investigated using Akt2 and IRS1 gene expression methods in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Fifty rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups: 1, non-diabetic control (NDC); 2, Mg2+-treated non-diabetic control (Mg-NDC); 3, chronic diabetic (CD); 4, Mg2+-treated chronic diabetic (Mg-CD); and 5, insulin-treated chronic diabetic (Ins-CD). Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes. The Mg-CD and Mg-NDC groups received 10 g/l of MgSO4 added to drinking water. The Ins-CD group received 2.5 U/kg of insulin twice a day. Blood glucose level and body weight were measured every week. The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed after 16 weeks. MgSO4 administration improved the blood glucose level and IPGTT. It also increased Akt2 and IRS1 genes as well as protein expression. Insulin lowered the blood glucose level and increased IRS1 gene and protein expression, but did not affect Akt2 gene and protein expression. Glucose reduction after Mg therapy may be mediated, at least partially, via IRS1 and Akt2 genes and protein stimulation. In insulin-treated rats, insulin resistance was not significant due to the absence of Akt2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Kamran
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kharazmi
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Kianoosh Malekzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Talebi
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemah Khosravi
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Nepton Soltani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
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Zhang Y, He Z, Liu X, Chen Z, Sun J, Wu Z, Yang X, Chen X, Tang Z, Wang K. Oral administration of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide protects against pancreatic islets failure in type 2 diabetic mice: Pancreatic β-cell apoptosis inhibition. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Fofana B, Ghose K, Somalraju A, McCallum J, Main D, Deyholos MK, Rowland GG, Cloutier S. Induced Mutagenesis in UGT74S1 Gene Leads to Stable New Flax Lines with Altered Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside (SDG) Profiles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1638. [PMID: 28983308 PMCID: PMC5613138 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Flax secoisolariciresinol (SECO) diglucoside (SDG) lignan is an emerging natural product purported to prevent chronic diseases in humans. SECO, the aglycone form of SDG, has shown higher intestinal cell absorption but it is not accumulated naturally in planta. Recently, we have identified and characterized a UDP-glucosyltransferase gene, UGT74S1, that glucosylates SECO into its monoglucoside (SMG) and SDG forms when expressed in yeast. However, whether this gene is unique in controlling SECO glucosylation into SDG in planta is unclear. Here, we report on the use of UGT74S1 in reverse and forward genetics to characterize an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenized flax population from cultivar CDC Bethune and consisting of 1996 M2 families. EMS mutagenesis generated 73 SNP variants causing 79 mutational events in the UGT74S1 exonic regions of 93 M2 families. The mutation frequency in the exonic regions was determined to be one per 28 Kb. Of these mutations, 13 homozygous missense mutations and two homozygous nonsense mutations were observed and all were transmitted into the M3 and M4 generations. Forward genetics screening of the population showed homozygous nonsense mutants completely lacking SDG biosynthesis while the production of SMG was observed only in a subset of the M4 lines. Heterozygous or homozygous M4 missense mutants displayed a wide range of SDG levels, some being greater than those of CDC Bethune. No additional deleterious mutations were detected in these mutant lines using a panel of 10 other genes potentially involved in the lignan biosynthesis. This study provides further evidence that UGT74S1 is unique in controlling SDG formation from SECO and this is the first report of non-transgenic flax germplasm with simultaneous knockout of SDG and presence of SMG in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bourlaye Fofana
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Kaushik Ghose
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Ashok Somalraju
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Jason McCallum
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - David Main
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetown, PE, Canada
| | | | - Gordon G. Rowland
- Department of Plant Science, Crop Development Centre, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sylvie Cloutier
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawa, ON, Canada
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Nair S, Gagnon J, Pelletier C, Tchoukanova N, Zhang J, Ewart HS, Ewart KV, Jiao G, Wang Y. Shrimp oil extracted from the shrimp processing waste reduces the development of insulin resistance and metabolic phenotypes in diet-induced obese rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:841-849. [PMID: 28363036 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress represent the main features of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study was conducted to examine the efficacy and mechanisms of shrimp oil on glucose homeostasis in obese rats. Male CD rats fed a high-fat diet (52 kcal% fat) and 20% fructose drinking water were divided into 4 groups and treated with the dietary replacement of 0%, 10%, 15%, or 20% of lard with shrimp oil for 10 weeks. Age-matched rats fed a low-fat diet (10 kcal% fat) were used as the normal control. Rats on the high-fat diet showed impaired (p < 0.05) glucose tolerance and insulin resistance compared with rats fed the low-fat diet. Shrimp oil improved (p < 0.05) oral glucose tolerance, insulin response, and homeostatic model assessment-estimated insulin resistance index; decreased serum insulin, leptin, hemoglobin A1c, and free fatty acids; and increased adiponectin. Shrimp oil also increased (p < 0.05) antioxidant capacity and reduced oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. The results demonstrated that shrimp oil dose-dependently improved glycemic control in obese rats through multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Nair
- a Coastal Zones Research Institute Inc. (CZRI), Shippagan, NB E8S 1J2, Canada.,b Natural Health Products Program, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Jacques Gagnon
- a Coastal Zones Research Institute Inc. (CZRI), Shippagan, NB E8S 1J2, Canada
| | - Claude Pelletier
- a Coastal Zones Research Institute Inc. (CZRI), Shippagan, NB E8S 1J2, Canada
| | - Nadia Tchoukanova
- a Coastal Zones Research Institute Inc. (CZRI), Shippagan, NB E8S 1J2, Canada
| | - Junzeng Zhang
- c Natural Health Products Program, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Y8, Canada
| | - H Stephen Ewart
- d Novaceutics Consulting, 6501 Oak St, Halifax, NS B3L 1H5, Canada
| | - K Vanya Ewart
- e Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Guangling Jiao
- a Coastal Zones Research Institute Inc. (CZRI), Shippagan, NB E8S 1J2, Canada.,c Natural Health Products Program, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Y8, Canada
| | - Yanwen Wang
- b Natural Health Products Program, Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
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Fofana B, Ghose K, McCallum J, You FM, Cloutier S. UGT74S1 is the key player in controlling secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) formation in flax. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:35. [PMID: 28152982 PMCID: PMC5290659 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-0982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flax lignan, commonly known as secoisolariciresinol (SECO) diglucoside (SDG), has recently been reported with health-promoting activities, including its positive impact in metabolic diseases. However, not much was reported on the biosynthesis of SDG and its monoglucoside (SMG) until lately. Flax UGT74S1 was recently reported to sequentially glucosylate SECO into SMG and SDG in vitro. However, whether this gene is the only UGT achieving SECO glucosylation in flax was not known. RESULTS Flax genome-wide mining for UGTs was performed. Phylogenetic and gene duplication analyses, heterologous gene expression and enzyme assays were conducted to identify family members closely related to UGT74S1 and to establish their roles in SECO glucosylation. A total of 299 different UGTs were identified, of which 241 (81%) were duplicated. Flax UGTs diverged 2.4-153.6 MYA and 71% were found to be under purifying selection pressure. UGT74S1, a single copy gene located on chromosome 7, displayed no evidence of duplication and was deemed to be under positive selection pressure. The phylogenetic analysis identified four main clusters where cluster 4, which included UGT74S1, was the most diverse. The duplicated UGT74S4 and UGT74S3, located on chromosomes 8 and 14, respectively, were the most closely related to UGT74S1 and were differentially expressed in different tissues. Heterologous expression levels of UGT74S1, UGT74S4 and UGT74S3 proteins were similar but UGT74S4 and UGT74S3 glucosylation activity towards SECO was seven fold less than UGT74S1. In addition, they both failed to produce SDG, suggesting neofunctionalization following their divergence from UGT74S1. CONCLUSIONS We showed that UGT74S1 is closely related to two duplicated genes, UGT74S4 and UGT74S3 which, unlike UGT74S1, failed to glucosylate SMG into SDG. The study suggests that UGT74S1 may be the key player in controlling SECO glucosylation into SDG in flax although its closely related genes may also contribute to a minor extent in supplying the SMG precursor to UGT74S1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bourlaye Fofana
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4N6 Canada
| | - Kaushik Ghose
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4N6 Canada
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - Jason McCallum
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4N6 Canada
| | - Frank M. You
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 101 Route 100 Unit 100, Morden, Manitoba R6M 1Y5 Canada
| | - Sylvie Cloutier
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 Canada
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Flaxseed secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) during lactation improves bone metabolism in offspring at adulthood. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Effect of bergenin on hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin signaling in C57BL/6J mice with high fat-diet induced type 2 diabetes. J Appl Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Sun J, Tang Y, Yu X, Xu Y, Liu P, Xiao L, Liu L, Deng Q, Yao P. Flaxseed lignans alleviate high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice: Potential involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Rhee Y. Flaxseed secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and enterolactone down-regulated epigenetic modification associated gene expression in murine adipocytes. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Anti-diabetic functional foods as sources of insulin secreting, insulin sensitizing and insulin mimetic agents. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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