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Chapple B, Woodfin S, Moore W. The Perfect Cup? Coffee-Derived Polyphenols and Their Roles in Mitigating Factors Affecting Type 2 Diabetes Pathogenesis. Molecules 2024; 29:751. [PMID: 38398503 PMCID: PMC10891742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing health concern with an estimated 462 million people having been diagnosed worldwide. T2D is characterized by chronically elevated blood glucose and insulin resistance, which culminate in a diminished function of the β-cell mass in its later stages. This can be perpetuated by and result in inflammation, excess reactive oxygen species production, obesity, and the dysregulation of multiple cellular pathways. Many naturally occurring small molecules have been investigated in terms of their roles in modulating glucose homeostasis and β-cell function. Many of these compounds can be found in commonly used sources of food and drink. Interestingly, a correlation has been observed between coffee consumption and T2D incidence. However, the specific compounds responsible for this correlation and their mechanisms are still somewhat undetermined. This paper reviews recent research findings on the effects of several polyphenols that are either found in coffee or are metabolites of compounds found in coffee (enterodiol, enterolactone, matairesinol, secoisolariciresinol, kaempferol, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid) on glucose homeostasis and health complications associated with glucose dysregulation, with a special emphasis on their potential anti-diabetic effects. The factors that affect polyphenol content in coffee are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William Moore
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA; (B.C.); (S.W.)
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Liu Z, Wang M, Meng L, Chen Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Xi X, Kang W. Lignans from Patrinia scabiosaefolia improve insulin resistance by activating PI-3K/AKT pathway and promoting GLUT4 expression. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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Abdelwahab AH, Negm AM, Mahmoud ES, Salama RM, Schaalan MF, El-Sheikh AAK, Ramadan BK. The cardioprotective effects of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (flaxseed lignan) against cafeteria diet-induced cardiac fibrosis and vascular injury in rats: an insight into apelin/AMPK/FOXO3a signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1199294. [PMID: 37497114 PMCID: PMC10367100 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1199294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Fast food is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Apelin, the endogenous adipokine, can protect against cardiovascular disease via activating its receptor, APJ. Concurrently, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), a flaxseed lignan extract (FLE), showed a therapeutic impact on atherosclerosis. The current study aimed to examine the effect of SDG on cafeteria diet (CAFD)-induced vascular injury and cardiac fibrosis via tracking the involvement of the apelin/APJ pathway. Methods: Thirty male rats were allocated into control, FLE-, CAFD-, CAFD/FLE-, and CAFD/FLE/F13A-treated rats, where F13A is an APJ blocker. All treatments lasted for 12 weeks. Results and discussion: The CAFD-induced cardiovascular injury was evidenced by histological distortions, dyslipidemia, elevated atherogenic indices, cardiac troponin I, collagen percentage, glycogen content, and apoptotic markers. CAFD increased both the gene and protein expression levels of cardiac APJ, apelin, and FOXO3a, in addition to increasing endothelin-1, VCAM1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 serum levels and upregulating cardiac MMP-9 gene expression. Moreover, CAFD reduced serum paraoxonase 1 and nitric oxide levels, cardiac AMPK, and nuclear Nrf2 expression. FLE attenuated CAFD-induced cardiovascular injury. Such effect was reduced in rats receiving the APJ blocker, implicating the involvement of apelin/APJ in FLE protective mechanisms. Conclusion: FLE supplementation abrogated CAFD-induced cardiac injury and endothelial dysfunction in an apelin/APJ-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza H. Abdelwahab
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira M. Negm
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman S. Mahmoud
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M. Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona F. Schaalan
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza A. K. El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma K. Ramadan
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
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Alam MB, Ra JS, Lim JY, Song BR, Javed A, Lee SH. Lariciresinol Displays Anti-Diabetic Activity through Inhibition of α-Glucosidase and Activation and Enhancement of Insulin Signaling. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100751. [PMID: 35490401 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of this study is to investigate the antidiabetic effect of lariciresinol (LSR) in C2C12 myotubes and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate antidiabetic potential of LSR, α-glucosidase inhibitory assay, molecular docking, glucose uptake assay, western blot assay on antidiabetic biomarkers are performed. STZ-induced diabetic model is used for in vivo study by calculating oral glucose tolerance test, histochemical examination, and glycogen assay. LSR inhibits α-glucosidase activity with an IC50 value of 6.97 ± 0.37 µM and acts as a competitive inhibitor with an inhibitory constant (Ki) value of 0.046 µM. In C2C12 cells, LSR activates insulin signaling leading to glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation and augmented glucose uptake. Furthermore, in Streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic mice, 3 weeks of oral LSR administration (10 mg kg-1 ) considerably decrease blood glucose levels, while increasing insulin levels in an oral glucose tolerance test, improve pancreatic islet size, increase GLUT4 expression, and significantly enhance insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. LSR treatment also activates glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) resulting in improved glycogen content. CONCLUSION The findings indicate a potential usefulness for oral LSR in the management and prevention of diabetes by enhancing glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.,Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Anti-Aging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sic Ra
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Rim Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahsan Javed
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.,Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Anti-Aging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
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Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside Regulates Adipose Tissue Metabolic Disorder in Obese Mice Induced by a Western Diet. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5580772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is the main component of flax lignans. Current studies have reported a positive effect of SDG on obesity and metabolic diseases. SDG has strong blood fat- and blood sugar-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects and prevents heart disease and other chronic diseases. In this study, we explored the effects of SDG on Western diet-induced obesity and lipid metabolic disorder. Supplementing Western diet-induced obese mice with 40 mg kg1 d1, SDG for 12 weeks significantly reduced body and tissue weights. Increased adiponectin levels and decreased serum leptin and resistin levels were observed in obese mice orally administered SDG. Proliferation of adipose tissue was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and cell size was quantitatively analyzed. As a result, SDG inhibited the proliferation of adipose tissue. In addition, SDG suppressed the mRNA expression of lipid synthetic genes and upregulated the mRNA expression of lipolytic genes. Overall, these results indicate that SDG inhibits obesity induced by a Western diet and regulates adipose tissue metabolic disorder. These results provide a theoretical basis for further study on the regulation of obesity and lipid metabolic disorder caused by SDG.
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Antileishmanial Activity of Lignans, Neolignans, and Other Plant Phenols. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 115:115-176. [PMID: 33797642 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64853-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites (SM) from organisms have served medicinal chemists over the past two centuries as an almost inexhaustible pool of new drugs, drug-like skeletons, and chemical probes that have been used in the "hunt" for new biologically active molecules with a "beneficial effect on human mind and body." Several secondary metabolites, or their derivatives, have been found to be the answer in the quest to search for new approaches to treat or even eradicate many types of diseases that oppress humanity. A special place among SM is occupied by lignans and neolignans. These phenolic compounds are generated biosynthetically via radical coupling of two phenylpropanoid monomers, and are known for their multitarget activity and low toxicity. The disadvantage of the relatively low specificity of phenylpropanoid-based SM turns into an advantage when structural modifications of these skeletons are made. Indeed, phenylpropanoid-based SM previously have proven to offer great potential as a starting point in drug development. Compounds such as Warfarin® (a coumarin-based anticoagulant) as well as etoposide and teniposide (podophyllotoxin-based anticancer drugs) are just a few examples. At the beginning of the third decade of the twenty-first century, the call for the treatment of more than a dozen rare or previously "neglected" diseases remains for various reasons unanswered. Leishmaniasis, a neglected disease that desperately needs new ways of treatment, is just one of these. This disease is caused by more than 20 leishmanial parasites that are pathogenic to humans and are spread by as many as 800 sandfly species across subtropical areas of the world. With continuing climate changes, the presence of Leishmania parasites and therefore leishmaniasis, the disease caused by these parasites, is spreading from previous locations to new areas. Thus, leishmaniasis is affecting each year a larger proportion of the world's population. The choice of appropriate leishmaniasis treatment depends on the severity of the disease and its form of manifestation. The success of current drug therapy is often limited, due in most cases to requiring long hospitalization periods (weeks to months) and the toxicity (side effects) of administered drugs, in addition to the increasing resistance of the parasites to treatment. It is thus important to develop new drugs and treatments that are less toxic, can overcome drug resistance, and require shorter periods of treatment. These aspects are especially important for the populations of developing countries. It was reported that several phenylpropanoid-based secondary metabolites manifest interesting antileishmanial activities and are used by various indigenous people to treat leishmaniasis. In this chapter, the authors shed some light on the various biological activities of phenylpropanoid natural products, with the main focus being on their possible applications in the context of antileishmanial treatment.
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Leonardi BF, Gosmann G, Zimmer AR. Modeling Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rodents. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000249. [PMID: 32978870 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Standardized animal models represent one of the most valuable tools available to understand the mechanism underlying the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to seek for new therapeutic strategies. However, there is considerable variability in the studies conducted with this essential purpose. This review presents an updated discussion of the most recent studies using diverse experimental conditions to induce MetS in rodents with unbalanced diets, discusses the key findings in metabolic outcomes, and critically evaluates what we have been learned from them and how to advance in the field. The study includes scientific reports sourced from the Web of Science and PubMed databases, published between January 2013 and June 2020, which used hypercaloric diets to induce metabolic disorders, and address the impact of the diet on metabolic parameters. The collected data are used as support to discuss variables such as sex, species, and age of the animals, the most favorable type of diet, and the ideal diet length to generate metabolic changes. The experimental characteristics propose herein improve the performance of a preclinical model that resembles the human MetS and will guide researchers to investigate new therapeutic alternatives with confidence and higher translational validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca F Leonardi
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Aline R Zimmer
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
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Wei L, Zhao C, Dong S, Yao S, Ji B, Zhao B, Liu Z, Liu X, Wang Y. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside alleviates hepatic lipid metabolic misalignment involving the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial axis. Food Funct 2020; 11:3952-3963. [PMID: 32426795 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00124d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) has positive effects on obesity and its complications. We investigated the effects and mechanism of SDG on high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD)-induced hepatic lipid metabolic disorders. Supplementation with 40 mg kg-1 d-1 SDG for 12 weeks significantly reduced the body weight and the ratio of liver and adipose tissue to body weight in HFFD-fed mice. Serum and hepatic TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels became normalized, and hepatic lipid metabolic disorders lessened because of the downregulation of lipid synthesis genes and upregulation of lipid oxidation genes. SDG also alleviated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating the ER stress factors Bip, IRE1α, Xbp1, Atf6, Perk, and Chop and mitochondrial function-related genes Cox5b, Cox7a1, Cox8b, and Cycs. Results with HepG2 cells confirmed that SDG regulated lipid metabolic disorders by the ER stress-Ca2+-mitochondrial-associated pathway. Our study provides a strategy for the treatment of obesity and its related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Targeting Metabolic Consequences of Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by D-chiro-inositol and Emerging Nutraceuticals: A Focused Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9040987. [PMID: 32252239 PMCID: PMC7230532 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder associated with ovarian dysfunction, infertility, menstrual irregularity, and hormonal impairments. Over the last decade, several studies have shown that some PCOS women have insulin resistance (InsR) and hyperinsulinemia, apart from being overweight or obese. Therefore, a crucial clinical aspect is that PCOS patients might develop glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. Insulin-sensitizing drugs have been used as first-line treatment to improve hyperinsulinemia in women with PCOS. Although reducing PCOS symptoms and signs, several used insulin-sensitizer drugs may induce side effects, which reduces compliance. D-chiro-inositol (DCI), which is a naturally occurring stereoisomer of inositol, has been classified as an insulin-sensitizer and seems to mitigate multiple InsR-related metabolic alterations in PCOS with a safe profile. However, according to a multi-targeted design, the supplementation with DCI can be synergistically integrated by combining other potential insulin-sensitizing drugs and/or nutraceuticals. The literature provides the initial support for using several unexplored nutraceutical interventions that may target relevant metabolic abnormalities associated with InsR in PCOS. With a need to promote interest in clinical research, this review aims to discuss the efficacy of DCI and the role of emerging nutraceuticals for managing InsR in PCOS.
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The Mechanism of Phillyrin from the Leaves of Forsythia suspensa for Improving Insulin Resistance. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3176483. [PMID: 31355254 PMCID: PMC6634060 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3176483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Three lignans, phillyrin, forsythia ester A, and rosin-β-D-furan glucose, were isolated from Forsythia suspensa which is a famous Traditional Chinese Medicine used for clearing heat and detoxifying, reducing swelling and dispersing knot, and dispersing wind heat. In this study, the effects of phillyrin, forsythia ester A, and rosin-β-D-furan glucose on insulin resistance of 3T3-L1 adipocytes were investigated by the method of glucose oxidase-peroxidase (GOD-POD) and the mechanism was assayed by the method of western blot. The results indicated that phillyrin, forsythia ester A, and rosin-β-D-furan glucose could improve the glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes under insulin resistance (IR). Among them, phillyrin showed significant activity in increasing glucose consumption at the concentrations of 100 μM and 200 μM (P < 0.001). The mechanism of improving insulin resistance may be that phillyrin could raise the protein phosphorylation of IRS-1 and Akt and the expression levels of GLUT4 protein.
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Zálešák F, Bon DJYD, Pospíšil J. Lignans and Neolignans: Plant secondary metabolites as a reservoir of biologically active substances. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104284. [PMID: 31136813 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lignans and neolignans are plant secondary metabolites derived from the oxidative coupling of phenylpropanoids. Biological activity of these phenolic compounds ranges from antioxidant, antitumor (terminaloside P, IC50 = 10 nM), anti-inflammatory, anti-neurodegenerative (schibitubin B, IC50 = 3.2 nM) and antiviral (patentiflorin A, IC50 = 14-23 nM) to antimicrobial. In addition, it was observed that several members of this group, namely enterolactone and its biochemical precursors also known as phytoestrogens, possess important protective properties. Most of these lignans and neolignans are presented in reasonable amounts in one's diet and thus the protection they provide against the colon and breast cancer, to name a few, is even more important to note. Similarly, neuroprotective properties were observed (schisanwilsonin G, IC50 = 3.2 nM) These structural motives also serve as an important starting point in the development of anticancer drugs. Presumably the most famous members of this family, etoposide and teniposide, synthetic derivatives of podophyllotoxin, are used in the clinical treatment of lymphocytic leukemia, certain brain tumors, and lung tumors already for nearly 20 years. This review describes 413 lignans and neolignans which have been isolated between 2016 and mid-2018 being reported in more than 300 peer-reviewed articles. It covers their source, structure elucidation, and bioactivity. Within the review, the structure-based overview of compounds as well as the bioactivity-based overview of compounds are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Zálešák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, tř. 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - David Jean-Yves Denis Bon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, tř. 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Pospíšil
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, tř. 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Charytoniuk T, Iłowska N, Berk K, Drygalski K, Chabowski A, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K. The effect of enterolactone on sphingolipid pathway and hepatic insulin resistance development in HepG2 cells. Life Sci 2018; 217:1-7. [PMID: 30468835 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, correlate with increased tissue concentration of sphingolipids, which directly interfere with insulin signaling pathway. Phytoestrogens are a group of plant-derived compounds that have been studied in the case of metabolic disorders treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to ascertain whether enterolactone (ENL), a commonly known phytoestrogen, may affect sphingolipid metabolism and decrease hepatic insulin resistance development in a lipid overload state. MAIN METHODS The study was conducted on HepG2 cells incubated with ENL and/or palmitic acid (PA) for 16 h. Intra- and extracellular sphingolipid concentrations were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography. The expression of sphingolipid pathway enzymes, apoptosis and insulin signaling pathway proteins and glucose metabolism regulators were evaluated by Western Blot. KEY FINDINGS In HepG2 cells, a considerable augmentation of intracellular ceramide and sphingosine concentration in ENL with PA group were indicated with simultaneous increase in extracellular ceramide concentration. The ENL treatment increased expression of selected enzymes from de novo ceramide synthesis pathway with lower expression of ceramide transfer protein. We also observed a decreased expression of insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of AKT and AMPK after exposure to ENL with PA. Our research demonstrated that ENL with PA resulted in an increased expression of caspase-3. SIGNIFICANCE Enterolactone, in a higher fatty acids availability, led to the development of hepatic IR in HepG2 cells. This phenomenon may be the result of elevated intracellular ceramide accumulation caused by increased de novo synthesis pathway what led to enhanced apoptosis of HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Charytoniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza St. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Nicoletta Iłowska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza St. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Klaudia Berk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza St. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Drygalski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza St. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza St. 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
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Comparative Effects of Native and Defatted Flaxseeds on Intestinal Enzyme Activity and Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet Containing Cholic Acid. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091181. [PMID: 30154372 PMCID: PMC6163602 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesize that defatting is an important factor that can determine the beneficial effects of flaxseeds on rats with diet-induced disorders. The experiment lasts 8 weeks and is conducted on Wistar rats allocated to four groups as follows: a control group fed with a standard diet; a high-fat (HF) group fed with a diet containing 21% fat and 0.1% cholic acid as a stimulator of lipid absorption; an HF group fed a diet supplemented with 1% native flaxseeds; and an HF group fed a diet supplemented with 1% defatted flaxseeds. In the HF group, several unfavourable changes in the gut and lipid metabolism are observed. Supplementation of the HF diet with native flaxseeds prevent an increase in colonic β-glucuronidase activity, whereas dietary defatted flaxseeds increase mucosal disaccharidase activities in the small intestine (sucrose, maltase and lactase). Regardless of the form of supplementation, dietary flaxseeds increase bacterial glycolytic activity in the distal intestine and decrease hepatic fat, especially triglyceride, accumulation. Both flaxseed forms decrease lipid peroxidation in the kidneys and increase the blood HDL cholesterol concentration with the native form being more efficient in the former and the defatted form being more efficient in the latter. The lipid-modulating effects of defatted flaxseeds are associated with reduced hepatic expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, which is not the case in terms of native flaxseeds. Dietary supplementation with a relatively small amount of flaxseeds can exert beneficial effects on gut functions and lipid metabolism in rats, and these effects are affected by defatting to some extent.
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Liu P, Lin H, Xu Y, Zhou F, Wang J, Liu J, Zhu X, Guo X, Tang Y, Yao P. Frataxin-Mediated PINK1-Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy in Hepatic Steatosis: The Protective Effects of Quercetin. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800164. [PMID: 29935106 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Naturally occurring quercetin has been found to induce mitophagy and prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it still remains elusive whether frataxin upregulation by quercetin contributes to the beneficial effect through mitophagy or not. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult male C57BL/J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% of energy from fat) with quercetin (100 mg kg-1 body weight) or not for 10 weeks. Quercetin alleviated HFD-induced histopathological changes, disorders of lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial damage. Moreover, quercetin blocked mitophagy suppression by HFD based on the increased LC3II, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and Beclin1 expressions, as well as decreased p62 levels. Quercetin also improved the Parkin translocation to mitochondria confirmed by immunofluorescence. Specifically, frataxin was lowered in the liver of HFD-fed mice or HepG2 cell incubated with oleate/palmitate but restored by quercetin, and quercetin's regulation of frataxin may depend on p53. Furthermore, lentivirus-mediated stable knockdown of frataxin in HepG2 inhibited PINK1-Parkin-associated mitophagy and resulted in lipid accumulation. Frataxin was further decreased by free fatty acids in knockdown cells concomitantly with depressed PINK1-Parkin-associated mitophagy, which was partially normalized by quercetin. CONCLUSION Quercetin alleviated hepatic steatosis by enhancing frataxin-mediated PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy, highlighting a promising preventive strategy and mechanism for NAFLD by quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hongkun Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xinhong Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
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15
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Heo MG, Byun JH, Kim J, Choung SY. Treatment of Dendropanax morbifera leaves extract improves diabetic phenotype and inhibits diabetes induced retinal degeneration in db/db mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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16
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Phenolics and terpenoids from a wild edible plant Lactuca orientalis (Boiss.) Boiss.: A preliminary study. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gao J, Song J, Du M, Mao X. Bovine α-Lactalbumin Hydrolysates (α-LAH) Ameliorate Adipose Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Fed C57BL/6J Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020242. [PMID: 29473848 PMCID: PMC5852818 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced adipose inflammation has been demonstrated to be a key cause of insulin resistance. Peptides derived from bovine α-lactalbumin have been shown to inhibit the activities of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), scavenge 2,2'-azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate] (ABTS⁺) radical and stimulate glucagon-like peptide-2 secretion. In the present study, the effects of bovine α-lactalbumin hydrolysates (α-LAH) on adipose insulin resistance and inflammation induced by high-fat diet (HFD) were investigated. The insulin resistance model was established by feeding C57BL/6J mice with HFD (60% kcal from fat) for eight weeks. Then, the mice were fed with HFD and bovine α-LAH of different doses (100 mg/kg b.w., 200 mg/kg b.w. and 400 mg/kg b.w.) for another 12 weeks to evaluate its protective effects against HFD-induced insulin resistance. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (ipITT) were conducted after intervention with α-LAH for 10 weeks and 11 weeks, respectively. Results showed that bovine α-LAH significantly reduced body weight, blood glucose, serum insulin, and HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) levels, lowered the area-under-the-curve (AUC) during OGTT and ipITT, and downregulated inflammation-related gene [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1] expression in adipose tissues of HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice. Furthermore, bovine α-LAH also suppressed insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) serine phosphorylation (Ser307, Ser612), enhanced protein kinase B (known as Akt) phosphorylation, and inhibited the activation of inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKK) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in adipose tissues of HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice. These results suggested that bovine α-LAH could ameliorate adipose insulin resistance and inflammation through IKK and MAPK signaling pathways in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiajia Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Xueying Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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18
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Yu X, Tang Y, Liu P, Xiao L, Liu L, Shen R, Deng Q, Yao P. Flaxseed Oil Alleviates Chronic HFD-Induced Insulin Resistance through Remodeling Lipid Homeostasis in Obese Adipose Tissue. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9635-9646. [PMID: 28988484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that higher circulating long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) levels were intimately associated with lower prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance. However, the understanding of bioactivity and potential mechanism of α-linolenic acid-rich flaxseed oil (ALA-FO) against insulin resistance was still limited. This study evaluated the effect of FO on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice focused on adipose tissue lipolysis. Mice after HFD feeding for 16 weeks (60% fat-derived calories) exhibited systemic insulin resistance, which was greatly attenuated by medium dose of FO (M-FO), paralleling with differential accumulation of ALA and its n-3 derivatives across serum lipid fractions. Moreover, M-FO was sufficient to effectively block the metabolic activation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), thereby improving adipose tissue insulin signaling. Importantly, suppression of hypoxia-inducible factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α were involved in FO-mediated modulation of adipose tissue lipolysis, accompanied by specific reconstitution of n-3PUFA within adipose tissue lipid fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety , Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Peiyi Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ruiling Shen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety , Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition , Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture , Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030, China
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