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Welp A, Laser E, Seeger K, Haiß A, Hanke K, Faust K, Stichtenoth G, Fortmann-Grote C, Pagel J, Rupp J, Göpel W, Gembicki M, Scharf JL, Rody A, Herting E, Härtel C, Fortmann I. Effects of multistrain Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus probiotics on HMO compositions after supplementation to pregnant women at threatening preterm delivery: design of the randomized clinical PROMO trial. Mol Cell Pediatr 2024; 11:6. [PMID: 39085734 PMCID: PMC11291828 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-024-00179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an indigestible component of human breast milk, Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) play an important role as a substrate for the establishing microbiome of the newborn. They have further been shown to have beneficial effects on the immune system, lung and brain development. For preterm infants HMO composition of human breast milk may be of particular relevance since the establishment of a healthy microbiome is challenged by multiple disruptive factors associated with preterm birth, such as cesarean section, hospital environment and perinatal antibiotic exposure. In a previous study it has been proposed that maternal probiotic supplementation during late stages of pregnancy may change the HMO composition in human milk. However, there is currently no study on pregnancies which are threatened to preterm birth. Furthermore, HMO composition has not been investigated in association with clinically relevant outcomes of vulnerable infants including inflammation-mediated diseases such as sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or chronic lung disease. MAIN BODY A randomized controlled intervention study (PROMO = probiotics for human milk oligosaccharides) has been designed to analyze changes in HMO composition of human breast milk after supplementation of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium infantis) in pregnancies at risk for preterm birth. The primary endpoint is HMO composition of 3-fucosyllactose and 3'-sialyllactose in expressed breast milk. We estimate that probiotic intervention will increase these two HMO levels by 50% according to the standardized mean difference between treatment and control groups. As secondary outcomes we will measure preterm infants' clinical outcomes (preterm birth, sepsis, weight gain growth, gastrointestinal complications) and effects on microbiome composition in the rectovaginal tract of mothers at delivery and in the gut of term and preterm infants by sequencing at high genomic resolution. Therefore, we will longitudinally collect bio samples in the first 4 weeks after birth as well as in follow-up investigations at 3 months, one year, and five years of age. CONCLUSIONS We estimate that probiotic intervention will increase these two HMO levels by 50% according to the standardized mean difference between treatment and control groups. The PROMO study will gain insight into the microbiome-HMO interaction at the fetomaternal interface and its consequences for duration of pregnancy and outcome of infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Welp
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - E Laser
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - K Seeger
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - A Haiß
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - K Hanke
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - K Faust
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - G Stichtenoth
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - C Fortmann-Grote
- Department of Microbial Population Biology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - J Pagel
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Lübeck, Germany
| | - J Rupp
- German Center for Infection Research, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - W Göpel
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - M Gembicki
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - J L Scharf
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - A Rody
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - E Herting
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - C Härtel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - I Fortmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Lübeck, Germany
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2
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Mu R, Li J, Fu Y, Xie Q, Ma W. Diet Supplemented with Special Formula Milk Powder Promotes the Growth of the Brain in Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:2188. [PMID: 39064631 PMCID: PMC11279928 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This investigation was to study the effects of different formula components on the brain growth of rats. Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: a basic diet group; a 20% ordinary milk powder group; a 20% special milk powder group; a 30% ordinary milk powder group; and a 30% special milk powder group by weight. LC-MS was used to detect brain lipidomics. After 28 days of feeding, compared with the basic diet group, the brain/body weights of rats in the 30% ordinary milk powder group were increased. The serum levels of 5-HIAA in the 30% ordinary milk powder group were lower than in the 20% ordinary milk powder group. Compared with the basic diet group, the expressions of DLCL, MePC, PI, and GM1 were higher in the groups with added special milk powder, while the expressions of LPE, LdMePE, SM, and MGTG were higher in the groups with added ordinary milk powder. The expression of MBP was significantly higher in the 20% ordinary group. This study found that different formula components of infant milk powder could affect brain growth in SD rats. The addition of special formula infant milk powder may have beneficial effects on rat brains by regulating brain lipid expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Mu
- Capital Medical University, School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Beijing 100069, China; (R.M.); (Y.F.)
| | - Jufang Li
- Feihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China; (J.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Yu Fu
- Capital Medical University, School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Beijing 100069, China; (R.M.); (Y.F.)
| | - Qinggang Xie
- Feihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China; (J.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Weiwei Ma
- Capital Medical University, School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Beijing 100069, China; (R.M.); (Y.F.)
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3
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Yuan M, Zhang Z, Liu T, Feng H, Liu Y, Chen K. The Role of Nondigestible Oligosaccharides in Alleviating Human Chronic Diseases by Regulating the Gut Microbiota: A Review. Foods 2024; 13:2157. [PMID: 38998662 PMCID: PMC11241040 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut has been a focus of chronic disease research. The gut microbiota produces metabolites that act as signaling molecules and substrates, closely influencing host health. Nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDOs), as a common dietary fiber, play an important role in regulating the structure and function of the gut microbiota. Their mechanism of action is mainly attributed to providing a carbon source as specific probiotics, producing related metabolites, and regulating the gut microbial community. However, due to the selective utilization of oligosaccharides, some factors, such as the type and structure of oligosaccharides, have different impacts on the composition of microbial populations and the production of metabolites in the colon ecosystem. This review systematically describes the key factors influencing the selective utilization of oligosaccharides by microorganisms and elaborates how oligosaccharides affect the host's immune system, inflammation levels, and energy metabolism by regulating microbial diversity and metabolic function, which in turn affects the onset and progress of chronic diseases, especially diabetes, obesity, depression, intestinal inflammatory diseases, and constipation. In this review, we re-examine the interaction mechanisms between the gut microbiota and its associated metabolites and diseases, and we explore new strategies for promoting human health and combating chronic diseases through dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (M.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (M.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330019, China;
| | - Tongying Liu
- Jiangxi Maternel and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang 330108, China;
| | - Hua Feng
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330019, China;
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (M.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Research Institute of Nanchang University, Chongqing 402660, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Shangrao Innovation Institute of Agricultural Technology, College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
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4
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Bornbusch SL, Shinnerl HE, Gentry L, Keady MM, Glick V, Muletz-Wolz CR, Power ML. Local environment shapes milk microbiomes while evolutionary history constrains milk macronutrients in captive cercopithecine primates. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16664. [PMID: 38830671 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Milk is a complex biochemical fluid that includes macronutrients and microbiota, which, together, are known to facilitate infant growth, mediate the colonization of infant microbiomes, and promote immune development. Examining factors that shape milk microbiomes and milk-nutrient interplay across host taxa is critical to resolving the evolution of the milk environment. Using a comparative approach across four cercopithecine primate species housed at three facilities under similar management conditions, we test for the respective influences of the local environment (housing facility) and host species on milk (a) macronutrients (fat, sugar, and protein), (b) microbiomes (16S rRNA), and (c) predicted microbial functions. We found that milk macronutrients were structured according to host species, while milk microbiomes and predicted function were strongly shaped by the local environment and, to a lesser extent, host species. The milk microbiomes of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) at two different facilities more closely resembled those of heterospecific facility-mates compared to conspecifics at a different facility. We found similar, facility-driven patterns of microbial functions linked to physiology and immune modulation, suggesting that milk microbiomes may influence infant health and development. These results provide novel insight into the complexity of milk and its potential impact on infants across species and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally L Bornbusch
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Nutrition Science, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hannah E Shinnerl
- Department of Nutrition Science, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lindsey Gentry
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mia M Keady
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Virginia Glick
- Department of Nutrition Science, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard University, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carly R Muletz-Wolz
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael L Power
- Department of Nutrition Science, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
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5
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Naik NC, Holzhausen EA, Chalifour BN, Coffman MM, Lurmann F, Goran MI, Bode L, Alderete TL. Air pollution exposure may impact the composition of human milk oligosaccharides. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6730. [PMID: 38509153 PMCID: PMC10954706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) impact neonate immunity and health outcomes. However, the environmental factors influencing HMO composition remain understudied. This study examined the associations between ambient air pollutant (AAP) exposure and HMOs at 1-month postpartum. Human milk samples were collected at 1-month postpartum (n = 185). AAP (PM2.5, PM10, NO2) exposure included the 9-month pregnancy period through 1-month postpartum. Associations between AAP with (1) HMO diversity, (2) the sum of sialylated and fucosylated HMOs, (3) 6 a priori HMOs linked with infant health, and (4) all HMOs were examined using multivariable linear regression and principal component analysis (PCA). Exposure to AAP was associated with lower HMO diversity. PM2.5 and PM10 exposure was positively associated with the HMO 3-fucosyllactose (3FL); PM2.5 exposure was positively associated with the sum of total HMOs, sum of fucosylated HMOs, and the HMO 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL). PCA indicated the PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 exposures were associated with HMO profiles. Individual models indicated that AAP exposure was associated with five additional HMOs (LNFP I, LNFP II, DFLNT, LNH). This is the first study to demonstrate associations between AAP and breast milk HMOs. Future longitudinal studies will help determine the long-term impact of AAP on human milk composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noopur C Naik
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Bridget N Chalifour
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Maria M Coffman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics, Larson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), Human Milk Institute (HMI), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tanya L Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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6
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Kunnummal SP, Khan M. Diet-gut microbiome interaction and ferulic acid bioavailability: implications on neurodegenerative disorders. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:51-66. [PMID: 37747555 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Ferulic acid (FA), which occurs naturally as the feruloylated sugar ester in grains, fruits, and vegetables, is critical for combating oxidative stress and alleviating neurodegenerative diseases resulting from free radical-generated protein aggregates in brain cells. However, FA cannot be absorbed in conjugated form. Therefore, strategies to improve the bioavailability of FA are gaining more importance. Ferulic acid esterases (FAE) of the gut microbiota are critical enzymes that facilitate FA release from feruloylated sugar ester conjugates and influence systemic health. This review provides insight into a nutrition-based approach to preventing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's by altering the diversity of FAE-producing gut microbiota. RECENT FINDINGS The human gut is a niche for a highly dense microbial population. Nutrient components and the quality of food shape the gut microbiota. Microbiota-diet-host interaction primarily involves an array of enzymes that hydrolyse complex polysaccharides and release covalently attached moieties, thereby increasing their bio-accessibility. Moreover, genes encoding polysaccharide degrading enzymes are substrate inducible, giving selective microorganisms a competitive advantage in scavenging nutrients. Nutraceutical therapy using specific food components holds promise as a prophylactic agent and as an adjunctive treatment strategy in neurotherapeutics, as it results in upregulation of polysaccharide utilisation loci containing fae genes in the gut microbiota, thereby increasing the release of FA and other antioxidant molecules and combat neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saarika Pothuvan Kunnummal
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
- CSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mahejibin Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India.
- CSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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7
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Huang X, Liu R, Wang J, Bao Y, Yi H, Wang X, Lu Y. Preparation and synbiotic interaction mechanism of microcapsules of Bifidobacterium animalis F1-7 and human milk oligosaccharides (HMO). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129152. [PMID: 38176500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics such as Bifidobacterium spp. generally possess important physiological functions. However, maintaining probiotic viability is a challenge during processing, storage, and digestive transit period. Microencapsulation is widely considered to be an attractive approach. In this study, B. animalis F1-7 microcapsules and B. animalis F1-7-HMO microcapsules were successfully prepared by emulsification/internal gelation with high encapsulation efficiency (90.67 % and 92.16 %, respectively). The current study revealed that HMO-supplemented microcapsules exhibited more stable lyophilized forms and thermal stability. Additionally, a significant improvement in probiotic cell viability was observed in such microcapsules during simulated gastrointestinal (GI) fluids or storage. We also showed that the individual HMO mixtures 6'-SL remarkably promoted the growth and acetate yield of B. animalis F1-7 for 48 h (p < 0.05). The synbiotic combination of 6'-SL with B. animalis F1-7 enhanced SCFAs production in vitro fecal fermentation, decreasing several harmful intestinal bacteria such as Dorea, Escherichia-Shigella, and Streptococcus while enriching the probiotic A. muciniphila. This study provides strong support for HMO or 6'-SL combined with B. animalis F1-7 as an innovative dietary ingredient to bring health benefits. The potential of the synbiotic microcapsules with this combination merits further exploration for future use in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuexin Bao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Huaxi Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Youyou Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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8
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Kassai S, de Vos P. Gastrointestinal barrier function, immunity, and neurocognition: The role of human milk oligosaccharide (hMO) supplementation in infant formula. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13271. [PMID: 38284595 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Breastmilk is seen as the gold standard for infant nutrition as it provides nutrients and compounds that stimulate gut barrier, immune, and brain development to the infant. However, there are many instances where it is not possible for an infant to be fed with breastmilk, especially for the full 6 months recommended by the World Health Organization. In such instances, infant formula is seen as the next best approach. However, infant formulas do not contain human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs), which are uniquely present in human milk as the third most abundant solid component. hMOs have been linked to many health benefits, such as the development of the gut microbiome, the immune system, the intestinal barrier, and a healthy brain. This paper reviews the effects of specific hMOs applied in infant formula on the intestinal barrier, including the not-often-recognized intestinal alkaline phosphatase system that prevents inflammation. Additionally, impact on immunity and the current proof for effects in neurocognitive function and the corresponding mechanisms are discussed. Recent studies suggest that hMOs can alter gut microbiota, modulate intestinal immune barrier function, and promote neurocognitive function. The hMOs 2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose have been found to have positive effects on the development of infants and have been deemed safe for use in formula. However, their use has been limited due to their cost and complexity of synthesis. Thus, although many benefits have been described, complex hMOs and combinations of hMOs with other oligosaccharides are the best approach to stimulate gut barrier, immune, and brain development and for the prevention of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kassai
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Qu Z, Tian P, Wang L, Jin X, Guo M, Lu J, Zhao J, Chen W, Wang G. Dietary Nucleotides Promote Neonatal Rat Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Development by Affecting Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Function. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19622-19637. [PMID: 38014964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A variety of active factors in milk and foods have been proven to serve as microbial nutrients that regulate the formation of early gut microbiota (GM), thereby ensuring the healthy development of infants. This study demonstrated that dietary nucleotides (NTs), one of the main nitrogen-containing substances in human milk, promoted the neurodevelopment of neonatal rats and the expression of Sox2, Dcx, Tuj1, and NeuN in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, but had no significant regulatory effects in the striatum. 16s rRNA sequencing and metabolomics of the colon contents of neonatal rats at different developmental stages showed that the early intake of NTs promoted an increase in the abundance of beneficial microorganisms related to neurodevelopment, digestion, and gut absorption, such as g_Romboutsia and g_Akkermansia. Changes in the ability of the GM to regulate folate synthesis, riboflavin metabolism, and other processes were also observed. Further analysis revealed significant correlations between the level of characteristic metabolites, namely, trans-3-indoleacrylic acid, urocanic acid, inosine, and adenosine, in the gut with neurodevelopment and characteristic GM components. These findings suggest that NTs in milk may affect neurodevelopment and maturation in early life by regulating the GM composition-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Peijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
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10
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Zhao S, Lok KYW, Sin ZY, Peng Y, Fan HSL, Nagesh N, Choi MSL, Kwok JYY, Choi EPH, Zhang X, Wai HKF, Tsang LCH, Cheng SSM, Wong MKL, Zhu J, Mok CKP, Ng SC, Chan FKL, Peiris M, Poon LLM, Tun HM. COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-mediated antibodies in human breast milk and their association with breast milk microbiota composition. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:151. [PMID: 37798293 PMCID: PMC10556030 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Newborns can acquire immunological protection to SARS-CoV-2 through vaccine-conferred antibodies in human breast milk. However, there are some concerns around lactating mothers with regards to potential short- and long-term adverse events and vaccine-induced changes to their breast milk microbiome composition, which helps shape the early-life microbiome. Thus, we sought to explore if SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine could change breast milk microbiota and how the changes impact the levels of antibodies in breast milk. We recruited 49 lactating mothers from Hong Kong who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine between June 2021 and August 2021. Breast milk samples were self-collected by participants pre-vaccination, one week post-first dose, one week post-second dose, and one month post-second dose. The levels of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA and IgG in breast milk peaked at one week post-second dose. Subsequently, the levels of both antibodies rapidly waned in breast milk, with IgA levels returning to baseline levels one month post-second dose. The richness and composition of human breast milk microbiota changed dynamically throughout the vaccination regimen, but the abundances of beneficial microbes such as Bifidobacterium species did not significantly change after vaccination. Additionally, we found that baseline breast milk bacterial composition can predict spike-specific IgA levels at one week post-second dose (Area Under Curve: 0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.58-0.85). Taken together, our results identified specific breast milk microbiota markers associated with high levels of IgA in the breast milk following BNT162b2 vaccine. Furthermore, in lactating mothers, BNT162b2 vaccines did not significantly reduce probiotic species in breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Zhao
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kris Y W Lok
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhen Y Sin
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Heidi S L Fan
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nitya Nagesh
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martha S L Choi
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jojo Y Y Kwok
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edmond P H Choi
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hogan Kok-Fung Wai
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leo C H Tsang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Samuel S M Cheng
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Jie Zhu
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chris K P Mok
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siew C Ng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Malik Peiris
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leo L M Poon
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hein M Tun
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China.
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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11
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Jackson PPJ, Wijeyesekera A, Rastall RA. Oligofructose alone and in combination with 2'fucosyllactose induces physiologically relevant changes in γ-aminobutyric acid and organic acid production compared to sole 2'fucosyllactose supplementation: an in vitro study. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad100. [PMID: 37653466 PMCID: PMC10481994 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the potential for the prebiotic oligofructose and prebiotic candidate 2'fucosyllactose, alone and in combination (50:50 blend) to induce physiologically relevant increases in neurotransmitter (γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, tryptophan, and dopamine) and organic acid (acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate, and succinate) production as well as microbiome changes using anaerobic pH-controlled in vitro batch culture fermentations over 48 h. Changes in organic acid and neurotransmitter production were assessed by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography and, bacterial enumeration using fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively. Both oligofructose and oligofructose/2'fucosyllactose combination fermentations induced physiologically relevant concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and succinate at completion (all P ≤ .05). A high degree of heterogeneity was seen amongst donors in both neurotransmitter and organic acid production in sole 2'FL fermentations suggesting a large responder/nonresponder status exists. Large increases in Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides numbers were detected in oligofructose fermentation, smallest increases being detected in 2'fucosyllactose fermentation. Bacterial numbers in the combined oligofructose/2'fucosyllactose fermentation were closer to that of sole oligofructose. Our results indicate that oligofructose and oligofructose/2'fucosyllactose in combination have the potential to induce physiologically relevant increases in γ-aminobutyric and organic acid production along with offsetting the heterogenicity seen in response to sole 2'fucosyllactose supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Philip James Jackson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anisha Wijeyesekera
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Adrian Rastall
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom
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12
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Phirom-On K, Po-Ngern A, Jaikhan S, Sirichon S, Vichitphan S, Vichitphan K, Apiraksakorn J. Understanding the hindrance factor of bacterial proliferation and γ-aminobutyric acid-producing capability of nondairy strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in milk fermentation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11464. [PMID: 37454227 PMCID: PMC10349837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-aminobutyric-acid (GABA) is a mental health-supporting substance that helps release anxiety and depression and improves memory. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SKKL1, a GABA-producing bacterium, has been introduced to formulate a gut-brain axis product. However, growth and sugar consumption of L. plantarum SKKL1 in milk were ineffective. This obstacle was investigated by varying different types of milk, sugars, fermentation temperatures, and times. The results revealed that none of these parameters improved growth and bacterial metabolism in milk, except addition of soluble protein as found in yeast extract and malt extract. Although a protease deficiency of L. plantarum SKKL1 was discovered, it was not a primary barrier to cell propagation. Insight of this study showed clearly that soluble protein was an essential metabolic activator for growth, nutrient consumption, and protease synthesis, then stimulated lactic acid and GABA productions. While, milk casein and casein hydrolysate, a complex protein structure with low solubility, were not utilized by L. plantarum SKKL1. The novelty of this study is the first in-depth investigation to confirm a significant effect of soluble protein on enrich-GABA milk fermentation by L. plantarum SKKL1 as the sole starter without protease and monosodium glutamate addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konlarat Phirom-On
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Anuchida Po-Ngern
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Somchai Jaikhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Sirichon
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sukanda Vichitphan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Fermentation Research Center for Value Added Agricultural Products (FerVAAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kanit Vichitphan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Fermentation Research Center for Value Added Agricultural Products (FerVAAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jirawan Apiraksakorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Fermentation Research Center for Value Added Agricultural Products (FerVAAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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13
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Cho S, Samuel TM, Li T, Howell BR, Baluyot K, Hazlett HC, Elison JT, Zhu H, Hauser J, Sprenger N, Lin W. Interactions between Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides and human milk oligosaccharides and their associations with infant cognition. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1216327. [PMID: 37457984 PMCID: PMC10345227 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1216327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While ample research on independent associations between infant cognition and gut microbiota composition and human milk (HM) oligosaccharides (HMOs) has been reported, studies on how the interactions between gut microbiota and HMOs may yield associations with cognitive development in infancy are lacking. We aimed to determine how HMOs and species of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium genera interact with each other and their associations with cognitive development in typically developing infants. A total of 105 mother-infant dyads were included in this study. The enrolled infants [2.9-12 months old (8.09 ± 2.48)] were at least predominantly breastfed at 4 months old. A total of 170 HM samples from the mothers and fecal samples of the children were collected longitudinally. Using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning to assess cognition and the scores as the outcomes, linear mixed effects models including both the levels of eight HMOs and relative abundance of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium species as main associations and their interactions were employed with adjusting covariates; infant sex, delivery mode, maternal education, site, and batch effects of HMOs. Additionally, regression models stratifying infants based on the A-tetrasaccharide (A-tetra) status of the HM they received were also employed to determine if the associations depend on the A-tetra status. With Bacteroides species, we observed significant associations with motor functions, while Bif. catenulatum showed a negative association with visual reception in the detectable A-tetra group both as main effect (value of p = 0.012) and in interaction with LNFP-I (value of p = 0.007). Additionally, 3-FL showed a positive association with gross motor (p = 0.027) and visual reception (p = 0.041). Furthermore, significant associations were observed with the interaction terms mainly in the undetectable A-tetra group. Specifically, we observed negative associations for Bifidobacterium species and LNT [breve (p = 0.011) and longum (p = 0.022)], and positive associations for expressive language with 3'-SL and Bif. bifidum (p = 0.01), 6'-SL and B. fragilis (p = 0.019), and LNFP-I and Bif. kashiwanohense (p = 0.048), respectively. Our findings suggest that gut microbiota and HMOs are both independently and interactively associated with early cognitive development. In particular, the diverse interactions between HMOs and Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium species reveal different candidate pathways through which HMOs, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides species potentially interact to impact cognitive development in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoon Cho
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Tinu M. Samuel
- Nestle Product Technology Center-Nutrition, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Tengfei Li
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Brittany R. Howell
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Kristine Baluyot
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Heather C. Hazlett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jed T. Elison
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Hongtu Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jonas Hauser
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Weili Lin
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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14
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Chen X, de Vos P. Structure-function relationship and impact on the gut-immune barrier function of non-digestible carbohydrates and human milk oligosaccharides applicable for infant formula. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37035930 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2199072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs) in mothers' milk play a crucial role in guiding the colonization of microbiota and gut-immune barrier development in infants. Non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) such as synthetic single hMOs, galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), inulin-type fructans and pectin oligomers have been added to infant formula to substitute some hMOs' functions. HMOs and NDCs can modulate the gut-immune barrier, which is a multiple-layered functional unit consisting of microbiota, a mucus layer, gut epithelium, and the immune system. There is increasing evidence that the structures of the complex polysaccharides may influence their efficacy in modulating the gut-immune barrier. This review focuses on the role of different structures of individual hMOs and commonly applied NDCs in infant formulas in (i) direct regulation of the gut-immune barrier in a microbiota-independent manner and in (ii) modulation of microbiota composition and microbial metabolites of these polysaccharides in a microbiota-dependent manner. Both have been shown to be essential for guiding the development of an adequate immune barrier, but the effects are very dependent on the structural features of hMO or NDC. This knowledge might lead to tailored infant formulas for specific target groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Chen
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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15
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Hu M, Li M, Li C, Miao M, Zhang T. Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Infant Health Based on Gut Microbiota Alteration. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:994-1001. [PMID: 36602115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The primary active components of breast milk are human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). HMOs provide many benefits to infants, including regulating their metabolism, immune system, and brain development. Recent studies have emphasized that HMOs act as prebiotics by the metabolism of intestinal microorganisms to produce short-chain fatty acids, which are crucial for infant development. In addition, HMOs with different structural characteristics can form different microbial compositions. HMOs-induced predominant microbes, including Bifidobacterium infantis, B. bifidum, B. breve, and B. longum, and their metabolites demonstrated pertinent health-promoting properties. Meanwhile, HMOs could also directly reduce the occurrence of diseases through the effects of preventing pathogen infection. In this review, we address the probable function of HMOs inside the HMOs-gut microbiota-infant network, by describing the physiological functions of HMOs and the implications of diet on the HMOs-gut microbiota-infant network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Mengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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16
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Zhu Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Mu W. Recent progress on health effects and biosynthesis of two key sialylated human milk oligosaccharides, 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 62:108058. [PMID: 36372185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third major solid component in breast milk, are recognized as the first prebiotics for health benefits in infants. Sialylated HMOs are an important type of HMOs, accounting for approximately 13% of total HMOs. 3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL) and 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL) are two simplest sialylated HMOs. Both SLs display promising prebiotic effects, especially in promoting the proliferation of bifidobacteria and shaping the gut microbiota. SLs exhibit several health effects, including antiadhesive antimicrobial ability, antiviral activity, prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis, immunomodulatory activity, regulation of intestinal epithelial cell response, promotion of brain development, and cognition improvement. Both SLs have been approved as "Generally Recognized as Safe" by the American Food and Drug Administration and are commercially added to infant formula. The biosynthesis of SLs using enzymatic or microbial approaches has been widely studied. The enzymatic synthesis of SLs can be realized by two types of enzymes, sialidases with trans-sialidase activity and sialyltransferases. Microbial synthesis can be achieved by the multiple recombinant bacteria in one-pot reaction, which express the enzymes involved in SL synthesis pathways separately or in combination, or by metabolically engineered strains in a fermentation process. In this article, the physiological properties of 3'-SL and 6'-SL are summarized in detail and the biosynthesis of these SLs via enzymatic and microbial synthesis is comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jiameng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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17
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Sanz Morales P, Wijeyesekera A, Robertson MD, Jackson PPJ, Gibson GR. The Potential Role of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122338. [PMID: 36557589 PMCID: PMC9781515 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is the most common gastrointestinal (GI) disorder in Western populations and therefore a major public health/economic concern. However, despite extensive research, psychological and physiological factors that contribute to the aetiology of IBS remain poorly understood. Consequently, clinical management of IBS is reduced to symptom management through various suboptimal options. Recent evidence has suggested human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) as a potential therapeutic option for IBS. Here, we review literature concerning the role of HMOs in IBS, including data from intervention and in vitro trials. HMO supplementation shows promising results in altering the gut microbiota and improving IBS symptoms, for instance by stimulating bifidobacteria. Further research in adults is required into HMO mechanisms, to confirm the preliminary results available to date and recommendations of HMO use in IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sanz Morales
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-7843865554
| | - Anisha Wijeyesekera
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
| | - Margaret Denise Robertson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Peter P. J. Jackson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
| | - Glenn R. Gibson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
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18
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Wiese M, Schuren FHJ, Smits WK, Kuijper EJ, Ouwens A, Heerikhuisen M, Vigsnaes L, van den Broek TJ, de Boer P, Montijn RC, van der Vossen JMBM. 2'-Fucosyllactose inhibits proliferation of Clostridioides difficile ATCC 43599 in the CDi-screen, an in vitro model simulating Clostridioides difficile infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:991150. [PMID: 36389156 PMCID: PMC9650113 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.991150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that can produce the toxins TcdA and/or TcdB and is considered an opportunistic pathogen. C. difficile is mainly transmitted as endospores, which germinate to produce the pathogenic vegetative cells under suitable conditions in the gut. To efficiently screen novel therapeutic- interventions against the proliferation of C. difficile within a complex microbial community, platforms are needed that facilitate parallel experimentation. In order to allow for screening of novel interventions a medium-to-high throughput in vitro system is desirable. To this end, we have developed the 96-well CDi-screen platform that employs an adapted simulated ileal effluent medium (CDi-SIEM) and allows for culturing of pathogenic C. difficile. METHODS C. difficile strain ATCC 43599 was inoculated in the form of vegetative cells and spores into the CDi-screen in the presence and absence of a cultured fecal microbiota and incubated for 48h. To demonstrate its utility, we investigated the effect of the human milk oligosaccharide 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) at 4 and 8 mg/mL on C. difficile outgrowth and toxin production in the CDi-screen. The test conditions were sampled after 24 and 48 hours. C. difficile -specific primers were used to monitor C. difficile growth via qPCR and barcoded 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing facilitated the in-depth analysis of gut microbial community dynamics. RESULTS C. difficile ATCC 43599 proliferated in CDi-SIEM, both when inoculated as spores and as vegetative cells. The strain reached cell numbers expressed as C. difficile genome equivalents of up to 10 8 cells per mL after 24h of incubation. 2'-FL significantly inhibited the outgrowth of the ATTC 43599 strain within a complex human gut microbial community in the CDi-screen. In addition, a dose-dependent modulation of the gut microbial community composition by 2'-FL supplementation was detected, with a significant increase in the relative abundance of the genus Blautia in the presence of 2'-FL. CONCLUSION The CDi-screen is suitable for studying C. difficile proliferation in a complex gut ecosystem and for screening for anti-pathogenic interventions that target C. difficile directly and/or indirectly through interactions with the gut microbiota. Different doses of compounds such as in this study the dose of the human milk oligosaccharide 2'-FL can be screened for efficacy in the inhibition of C. difficile proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wiese
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank H. J. Schuren
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wiep Klaas Smits
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ed J. Kuijper
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anita Ouwens
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Margreet Heerikhuisen
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Louise Vigsnaes
- Glycom A/S—DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Kogle Allé 4, Hørsholm, Denmark
- Department of Technology, Faculty of Health, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim J. van den Broek
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Paulo de Boer
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Roy C. Montijn
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jos M. B. M. van der Vossen
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
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19
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Fermented Brewers’ Spent Grain Containing Dextran and Oligosaccharides as Ingredient for Composite Wheat Bread and Its Impact on Gut Metabolome In Vitro. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Brewers’ spent grain or BSG is a fiber and protein rich food-grade side stream that has remained underutilized due to its poor technological and sensory characteristics. In this study, BSG was fermented with Weissella confusa A16 in presence of sucrose to induce the synthesis of dextran and maltosyl-isomaltooligosaccharides. Fermented BSG with or without the above polysaccharides was used as ingredient in wheat bread. Digestion of BSG breads was simulated in vitro with Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem, and levels of fecal metabolites were analyzed. Enrichment of BSG breads with in situ dextran and maltosyl-isomaltooligosaccharides improved the baking quality compared to native BSG. Metabolism of free amino acids and synthesis of short chain fatty acids varied at different stages and parts of colon. The increase in butyric acid was similar in both the proximal and distal colon. In situ dextran and maltosyl-isomaltooligosaccharides, and higher content of proteins and fiber in BSG breads had a positive influence towards gut microbiota functionality. Along with several essential amino acids, an increase in amount of γ-aminobutyric acid was also observed after simulated digestion. BSG breads had a significant effect on the gut metabolome during in vitro digestion, showing increased production of microbial metabolites with potential health benefits.
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20
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Salvo ED, Conte F, Casciaro M, Gangemi S, Cicero N. Bioactive natural products in donkey and camel milk: a perspective review. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:2098-2112. [PMID: 36048020 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2116706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian milk has numerous components that exhibit chemical and functional activities. They support human homeostasis. Immunoglobulins, peptides with antibacterial and antimicrobial activities, carbohydrates, lipids, and minor molecules have positive effects on health. Beyond the nutritional values of milk, milk-borne biologically active compounds such as proteins and other minor constituents exhibit essential physiological and biochemical functions. Human milk guarantees a healthy development and improves immunity. It is hypoallergenic. Sometimes, it is necessary to substitute this food with other milk for different reasons. Cow, sheep, goat, camel and donkey milk are natural alternatives. We evaluated the different compounds within donkey and camel milk analysing their biomolecular characteristics and potential benefits for human health. Camel and donkey milk bioactive products could be good candidates for controlling several diseases and excellent substitutes in the case of milk protein allergies in infants. However, more research should be conducted to further evaluate their nutraceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Conte
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Science4Life srl Spin off Company, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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21
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Hu M, Li M, Miao M, Zhang T. Engineering Escherichia coli for the High-Titer Biosynthesis of Lacto- N-tetraose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8704-8712. [PMID: 35731707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), a member of the human milk oligosaccharides family, has received widespread attention because of its importance in infant health. We constructed a whole-cell biotransformation method in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) for high-titer LNT synthesis. The approach was performed by using a systematic design and metabolic engineering based on the metabolic pathway of LNT. The lgtA (encoding β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase) and wbgO (encoding β-1,3-galactosyltransferase) genes were introduced into the engineered E. coli BL21(DE3) to construct an LNT-producing starting strain B1 (0.22 g/L). Then, the genes related to the LNT metabolic pathway were screened in two vectors to evaluate LNT synthesis. The lgtA-wbgO and galE-galT-galK genes were overexpressed through the two-plasmid system in E. coli BL21(DE3). The titer of LNT (3.42 g/L) had a gain of 14.55 times compared with that of B1. Furthermore, the ugd gene, which was associated with the UDP-Gal bypass pathway, was inactivated to further improve LNT production in shake-flask cultivation (4.14 g/L). The final fed-batch cultivation of the engineered strain produced 31.56 g/L of LNT. This study provided a strategy for the effective production of LNT in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu214122, China
| | - Mengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu214122, China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu214122, China
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22
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Sutkus LT, Joung S, Hirvonen J, Jensen HM, Ouwehand AC, Mukherjea R, Donovan SM, Dilger RN. Influence of 2'-Fucosyllactose and Bifidobacterium longum Subspecies infantis Supplementation on Cognitive and Structural Brain Development in Young Pigs. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:860368. [PMID: 35546890 PMCID: PMC9081927 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.860368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the gut-brain axis during early-life is an important contributor of brain structural and functional development. Human milk oligosaccharides and gut microbiota have potential beneficial effects on various aspects of development; however, the effects of 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Bi-26 (Bi-26) administration during infancy separately and combined are still not clear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of early administration of dietary 2′-FL and Bi-26 on brain structural and functional development in the young pig. From postnatal day (PND) 2–34 or 35, fifty-two intact male pigs were randomly assigned to treatment groups in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and provided ad libitum access to a nutritionally adequate milk replacer without or with 1.0 g of 2′-FL/L of reconstituted liquid. Pigs within each diet group were further stratified to receive a daily oral dose of glycerol stock without or with Bi-26 (109 CFU). Pigs were subjected to the novel object recognition (NOR) task from PND 27–31 to assess recognition memory and subsequently underwent magnetic resonance imaging procedures at PND 32 or 33 to assess brain macrostructure and microstructure. Pigs that received Bi-26 had smaller absolute brain volumes for 9 of 27 brain regions of interest, and smaller relative volumes for 2 regions associated with kinesthesia (P < 0.05). Synbiotic administration of 2′-FL and Bi-26 elicited interactive effects (P < 0.05) on several microstructural brain components, where dual supplementation negated the effects of each test article alone. Behavioral outcomes indicated that pigs did not express novelty preference, regardless of treatment group, demonstrating no effects of 2′-FL and Bi-26 on recognition memory when supplemented alone or in combination. Interactive effects (P < 0.05) were observed for the number of all object visits, latency to the first object visit, and number of familiar object visits. Pigs that did not receive Bi-26 supplementation exhibited less time interacting with the familiar object in total (P = 0.002) and on average (P = 0.005). In conclusion, supplementation of 2′-FL and/or Bi-26 elicited some alterations in object exploratory behaviors and macro/micro-structures of the brain, but changes in recognition memory were not observed. Specifically in brain microstructure, synbiotic administration of 2′-FL and Bi-26 appeared to negate effects observed when each dietary article was supplemented separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta T Sutkus
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Sangyun Joung
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | | | - Henrik Max Jensen
- IFF R&D-Enabling Technologies, Advanced Analytical, Brabrand, Denmark
| | | | | | - Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Ryan N Dilger
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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23
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Zhang P, Zhu Y, Li Z, Zhang W, Mu W. Recent Advances on Lacto- N-neotetraose, a Commercially Added Human Milk Oligosaccharide in Infant Formula. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4534-4547. [PMID: 35385279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) act as the important prebiotics and display many unique health effects for infants. Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), an abundant HMO, attracts increasing attention because of its unique beneficial effects to infants and great commercial importance. It occurs in all groups of human milk, but the concentration generally decreases gradually with the lactation period. It has superior prebiotic property for infants, and its other health effects have also been verified, including being immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, preventing necrotizing enterocolitis, antiadhesive antimicrobials, antiviral activity, and promoting maturation of intestinal epithelial cells. Safety evaluation and clinical trial studies suggest that LNnT is safe and well-tolerant for infants. It has been commercially added as a functional ingredient in infant formula. LNnT can be synthesized via chemical, enzymatic, or cell factory approachs, among which the metabolic engineering-based cell factory synthesis is considered to be the most practical and effective. In this article, the occurrence and physiological effects of LNnT were reviewed in detail, the safety evaluation and regulation status of LNnT were described, various approaches to LNnT synthesis were comprehensively summarized and compared, and the future perspectives of LNnT-related studies were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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24
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Shang J, Yang S, Meng X. Correlations between oligosaccharides in breast milk and the composition of the gut microbiome in breastfed infants. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:4818-4828. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Messias TB, Sant’Ana AM, Araújo EO, Rangel AH, Vasconcelos AS, Salles HO, Morgano MA, Silva VS, Pacheco MTB, Queiroga RC. Milk from Nordestina donkey breed in Brazil: Nutritional potential and physicochemical characteristics in lactation. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Newborns as a Challenge for an Appropriate Nutrition: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071405. [PMID: 35406018 PMCID: PMC9002905 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The second and third trimesters of pregnancy are crucial for the anatomical and functional development of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. If premature birth occurs, the immaturity of the digestive and absorptive processes and of GI motility represent a critical challenge to meet adequate nutritional needs, leading to poor extrauterine growth and to other critical complications. Knowledge of the main developmental stages of the processes involved in the digestion and absorption of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, as well as of the maturational phases underlying the development of GI motility, may aid clinicians to optimize the nutritional management of preterm infants. The immaturity of these GI systems and functions may negatively influence the patterns of gut colonization, predisposing to an abnormal microbiome. This, in turn, further contributes to alter the functional, immune, and neural development of the GI tract and, especially in preterm infants, has been associated with an increased risk of severe GI complications, such as necrotizing enterocolitis. Deeper understanding of the physiological colonization patterns in term and preterm infants may support the promotion of these patterns and the avoidance of microbial perturbations associated with the development of several diseases throughout life. This review aims to provide a global overview on the maturational features of the main GI functions and on their implications following preterm birth. We will particularly focus on the developmental differences in intestinal digestion and absorption functionality, motility, gut–brain axis interaction, and microbiomes.
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27
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Zhu Y, Zhang W, Mu W. Human Milk Oligosaccharides: The New Gold Standard for Premium Infant Formula. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2061-2063. [PMID: 35148091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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28
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Sakarya E, Sanlier NT, Sanlier N. The relationship between human milk, a functional nutrient, and microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-13. [PMID: 34872407 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2008301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota begins to take shape in the mother's womb, changes depending on many factors. It is known that the intestinal microbiota has an important role in the maturation of the immune system, also in the prevention of diseases that occur in newborn, childhood, adulthood. Nutrition is the main factor on the development of microbiota in infants after birth. The microbiota compositions of breastfed infants are different from formula-fed infants. Breast milk oligosaccharides play an important role in the development of infants' microbiota. The higher number of Bifidobacterium species and lower α and β diversity in breastfed infants are considered protective. A dysbiosis occurring in the microbiota can cause adverse effects on health. Human milk oligosaccharides also have protective effects on the microbiota. These protective effects are to promote the growth of intestinal microbiota, prevent the adhesion of viruses to the colon, promote the growth of Bifidobacterium with its prebiotic effect. Short-chain fatty acids resulting from their digestion, also have protective effects. Another component that shapes the gut microbiota is HM glycoproteins. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of breast milk on the development of microbiota, to present the results by scanning the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Sakarya
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Medipol University, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nazlı Tunca Sanlier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
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29
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Iribarren C, Magnusson MK, Vigsnæs LK, Aziz I, Amundsen ID, Šuligoj T, Juge N, Patel P, Sapnara M, Johnsen L, Sørensen N, Sundin J, Törnblom H, Simrén M, Öhman L. The Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Gut Microbiota, Metabolite Profiles and Host Mucosal Response in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113836. [PMID: 34836092 PMCID: PMC8622683 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human milk oligosaccharide supplementation safely modulates fecal bifidobacteria abundance and holds the potential to manage symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Here, we aimed to determine the role of a 4:1 mix of 2′-O-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose (2′FL/LNnT) on the modulation of the gut microbiota composition and host mucosal response, as well as the link between the bifidobacteria abundance and metabolite modulation, in IBS patients. Methods: Biological samples were collected from IBS patients (n = 58) at baseline and week 4 post-supplementation with placebo, 5 g or 10 g doses of 2′FL/LNnT. The gut microbiota composition, metabolite profiles and expression of genes related to host mucosal response were determined. Results: Moderate changes in fecal, but not mucosal, microbial composition (β-diversity) was observed during the intervention with higher dissimilarity observed within individuals receiving 10g 2′FL/LNnT compared to placebo. Both fecal and mucosal Bifidobacterium spp. increased after 2′FL/LNnT intake, with increased proportions of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium longum. Moreover, the intervention modulated the fecal and plasma metabolite profiles, but not the urine metabolite profile or the host mucosal response. Changes in the metabolite profiles were associated to changes in bifidobacteria abundance. Conclusion: Supplementation with 2′FL/LNnT modulated the gut microbiota, fecal and plasma metabolite profiles, but not the host mucosal response in IBS. Furthermore, the bifidogenic effect was associated with metabolite modulation. Overall, these findings support the assertion that 2′FL/LNnT supplementation modulate the intestinal microenvironment of patients with IBS, potentially related to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Iribarren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.I.); (M.K.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.)
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (I.A.); (P.P.); (H.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria K. Magnusson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.I.); (M.K.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Louise K. Vigsnæs
- DSM, Kogle Alle 4, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark; (L.K.V.); (I.D.A.)
- Department of Technology, Faculty of Health, University College Copenhagen, 1799 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Imran Aziz
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (I.A.); (P.P.); (H.T.); (M.S.)
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | | | - Tanja Šuligoj
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (T.Š.); (N.J.)
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (T.Š.); (N.J.)
| | - Piyush Patel
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (I.A.); (P.P.); (H.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Sapnara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.I.); (M.K.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.)
| | | | | | - Johanna Sundin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.I.); (M.K.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Hans Törnblom
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (I.A.); (P.P.); (H.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (I.A.); (P.P.); (H.T.); (M.S.)
- Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lena Öhman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.I.); (M.K.M.); (M.S.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-317-866-214
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30
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Hill DR, Chow JM, Buck RH. Multifunctional Benefits of Prevalent HMOs: Implications for Infant Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:3364. [PMID: 34684364 PMCID: PMC8539508 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding is the best source of nutrition during infancy and is associated with a broad range of health benefits. However, there remains a significant and persistent need for innovations in infant formula that will allow infants to access a wider spectrum of benefits available to breastfed infants. The addition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) to infant formulas represents the most significant innovation in infant nutrition in recent years. Although not a direct source of calories in milk, HMOs serve as potent prebiotics, versatile anti-infective agents, and key support for neurocognitive development. Continuing improvements in food science will facilitate production of a wide range of HMO structures in the years to come. In this review, we evaluate the relationship between HMO structure and functional benefits. We propose that infant formula fortification strategies should aim to recapitulate a broad range of benefits to support digestive health, immunity, and cognitive development associated with HMOs in breastmilk. We conclude that acetylated, fucosylated, and sialylated HMOs likely confer important health benefits through multiple complementary mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rachael H. Buck
- Abbott Nutrition, 3300 Stelzer Road, Columbus, OH 43219, USA; (D.R.H.); (J.M.C.)
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31
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Li J, Fu C, Zhang X. The Neuroprotective Effect of Tea Polyphenols on the Regulation of Intestinal Flora. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123692. [PMID: 34204244 PMCID: PMC8233780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea polyphenols (TPs) are the general compounds of natural polyhydroxyphenols extracted in tea. Although a large number of studies have shown that TPs have obvious neuroprotective and neuro repair effects, they are limited due to the low bioavailability in vivo. However, TPs can act indirectly on the central nervous system by affecting the “microflora–gut–brain axis”, in which the microbiota and its composition represent a factor that determines brain health. Bidirectional communication between the intestinal microflora and the brain (microbe–gut–brain axis) occurs through a variety of pathways, including the vagus nerve, immune system, neuroendocrine pathways, and bacteria-derived metabolites. This axis has been shown to influence neurotransmission and behavior, which is usually associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss that TPs and their metabolites may provide benefits by restoring the imbalance of intestinal microbiota and that TPs are metabolized by intestinal flora, to provide a new idea for TPs to play a neuroprotective role by regulating intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Taizhou Biomedical Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Taizhou 317000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Junmin Li
- Taizhou Biomedical Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Taizhou 317000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 317000, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (C.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Chengxin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (C.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (C.F.); (X.Z.)
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32
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Sun X, Wang Z, Hu X, Zhao C, Zhang X, Zhang H. Effect of an Antibacterial Polysaccharide Produced by Chaetomium globosum CGMCC 6882 on the Gut Microbiota of Mice. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051084. [PMID: 34068357 PMCID: PMC8153350 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, a polysaccharide produced by Chaetomiumglobosum CGMCC 6882 was found to have antibacterial activity, but its toxic effects on body health and gut microbiota were concealed. Recent results showed that this polysaccharide was safe to Caco-2 cells and mice, while it reduced the body weight gain of mice from 10.5 ± 1.21 g to 8.4 ± 1.17 g after 28 days administration. Acetate, propionate, butyrate and total short-chain fatty acids concentrations increased from 23.85 ± 1.37 μmol/g, 10.23 ± 0.78 μmol/g, 7.15 ± 0.35 μmol/g and 41.23 ± 0.86 μmol/g to 42.77 ± 1.29 μmol/g, 20.03 ± 1.44 μmol/g, 12.06 ± 0.51 μmol/g and 74.86 ± 2.07 μmol/g, respectively. Furthermore, this polysaccharide enriched the abundance of gut microbiota and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was increased from 0.5172 to 0.7238. Overall, this study provides good guidance for the promising application of polysaccharides as preservatives in foods and in other fields in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.S.); (X.H.); (C.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zichao Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Xuyang Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.S.); (X.H.); (C.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chengxin Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.S.); (X.H.); (C.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaogen Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.S.); (X.H.); (C.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huiru Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
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