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Karafoulidou E, Kesidou E, Theotokis P, Konstantinou C, Nella MK, Michailidou I, Touloumi O, Polyzoidou E, Salamotas I, Einstein O, Chatzisotiriou A, Boziki MK, Grigoriadis N. Systemic LPS Administration Stimulates the Activation of Non-Neuronal Cells in an Experimental Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Cells 2024; 13:785. [PMID: 38727321 PMCID: PMC11083572 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by deficiency of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Although SMA is a genetic disease, environmental factors contribute to disease progression. Common pathogen components such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are considered significant contributors to inflammation and have been associated with muscle atrophy, which is considered a hallmark of SMA. In this study, we used the SMNΔ7 experimental mouse model of SMA to scrutinize the effect of systemic LPS administration, a strong pro-inflammatory stimulus, on disease outcome. Systemic LPS administration promoted a reduction in SMN expression levels in CNS, peripheral lymphoid organs, and skeletal muscles. Moreover, peripheral tissues were more vulnerable to LPS-induced damage compared to CNS tissues. Furthermore, systemic LPS administration resulted in a profound increase in microglia and astrocytes with reactive phenotypes in the CNS of SMNΔ7 mice. In conclusion, we hereby show for the first time that systemic LPS administration, although it may not precipitate alterations in terms of deficits of motor functions in a mouse model of SMA, it may, however, lead to a reduction in the SMN protein expression levels in the skeletal muscles and the CNS, thus promoting synapse damage and glial cells' reactive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Karafoulidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Chrystalla Konstantinou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Maria-Konstantina Nella
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Iliana Michailidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Olga Touloumi
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Eleni Polyzoidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Ilias Salamotas
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Ofira Einstein
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Athanasios Chatzisotiriou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Marina-Kleopatra Boziki
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
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Rai R, Jat D, Mishra SK. Naringenin mitigates aluminum toxicity-induced learning memory impairments and neurodegeneration through amelioration of oxidative stress. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23717. [PMID: 38742857 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is a potent neurotoxic substance known to cause memory impairment and oxidative stress-dependent neurodegeneration. Naringenin (NAR) is a dietary flavonoid with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which was implemented against AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity to ascertain its neuroprotective efficacy. Experimental neurotoxicity in mice was induced by exposure of AlCl3 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) followed by treatment with NAR (10 mg/kg, p.o.) for a total of 63 days. Assessed the morphometric, learning memory dysfunction (novel object recognition, T- and Y-maze tests), neuronal oxidative stress, and histopathological alteration in different regions of the brain, mainly cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and cerebellum. AlCl3 significantly suppressed the spatial learning and memory power which were notably improved by administration of NAR. The levels of oxidative stress parameters nitric oxide, advanced oxidation of protein products, protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, reduced glutathione, and the activity of acetylcholine esterase were altered 1.5-3 folds by AlCl3 significantly. Treatment of NAR remarkably restored the level of oxidative stress parameters and maintained the antioxidant defense system. AlCl3 suppressed the expression of neuronal proliferation marker NeuN that was restored by NAR treatment which may be a plausible mechanism. NAR showed therapeutic efficacy as a natural supplement against aluminum-intoxicated memory impairments and histopathological alteration through a mechanism involving an antioxidant defense system and neuronal proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravina Rai
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | - Deepali Jat
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
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Hashim AR, Bashir DW, Rashad E, Galal MK, Rashad MM, Khalil HMA, Deraz NM, S M EG. Neuroprotective Assessment of Betaine against Copper Oxide Nanoparticle-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Brains of Albino Rats: A Histopathological, Neurochemical, and Molecular Investigation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1684-1701. [PMID: 38564598 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) are commonly used metal oxides. Betaine possesses antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. The current study aimed to investigate the neurotoxic effect of CuO-NPs on rats and the capability of betaine to mitigate neurotoxicity. Forty rats; 4 groups: group I a control, group II intraperitoneally CuO-NPs (0.5 mg/kg/day), group III orally betaine (250 mg/kg/day) and CuO-NPs, group IV orally betaine for 28 days. Rats were subjected to neurobehavioral assessments. Brain samples were processed for biochemical, molecular, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses. Behavioral performance of betaine demonstrated increasing locomotion and cognitive abilities. Group II exhibited significantly elevated malondialdehyde (MDA), overexpression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Significant decrease in glutathione (GSH), and downregulation of acetylcholine esterase (AChE), nuclear factor erythroid 2-like protein 2 (Nrf-2), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Histopathological alterations; neuronal degeneration, pericellular spaces, and neuropillar vacuolation. Immunohistochemically, an intense immunoreactivity is observed against IL-1β and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Betaine partially neuroprotected against CuO-NPs associated alterations. A significant decrease at MDA, downregulation of IL-1β, and TNF-α, a significant increase at GSH, and upregulation of AChE, Nrf-2, and SOD. Histopathological alterations partially ameliorated. Immunohistochemical intensity of IL-1β and GFAP reduced. It is concluded that betaine neuroprotected against most of CuO-NP neurotoxic effects through antioxidant and cell redox system stimulating efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa R Hashim
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Dina W Bashir
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Eman Rashad
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mona K Galal
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Maha M Rashad
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Khalil
- Veterinary Hygiene and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Nasrallah M Deraz
- Physical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - El-Gharbawy S M
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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Sharma A, Ray A, Sathaye S, Singhal RS. A supercritical fluid co-extract of turmeric powder and dried coconut shreds shows neuroprotection against AlCl 3-induced Alzheimer's disease in rats through nose to brain delivery. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107046. [PMID: 38141332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the neuroprotective potential of a co-extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of turmeric powder and dried coconut shreds against aluminium chloride (AlCl3)-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) in male Wistar rats. Fifty animals were allocated to five groups, which received saline (vehicle control, group 1), a combination of saline and aluminium chloride (AlCl3) (disease control, group 2), coconut oil (COO) (SFE extracted, treatment group 3), turmeric oleoresin (Cur) (SFE extracted, treatment group 4) and SFE co-extract of turmeric powder and coconut shreds (CurCOO) (treatment group 5). Animals were subjected to behavioural evaluation. In addition, the hippocampal section of the brain from all groups was subjected to biochemical, molecular and histopathological evaluations. The results showed CurCOO administered intranasally improved cognitive abilities, reversed histological alterations in the brain, reduced hippocampus inflammation studied through proinflammatory cytokine markers like TNF-α and IL-6 as compared to the disease control group. The impact of CurCOO on preventive neurodegeneration was also observed through a reduction in protein transcription factor NF-kB in the treated group 5 as compared to a disease control group. The effect of intranasal delivery of CurCOO on the neurons responsible for memory consolidation was evident from low acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity in the treated groups with respect to AlCl3 induced group. Summarily, the results demonstrated intranasal delivery of CurCOO to show better efficacy than Cur and COO in preventing neurodegeneration associated with AlCl3 induced Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Sharma
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Aratrika Ray
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Sadhana Sathaye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Rekha S Singhal
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India.
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Belviranlı M, Okudan N. Coconut oil ameliorates behavioral and biochemical alterations induced by D-GAL/AlCl 3 in rats. Brain Res 2024; 1823:148704. [PMID: 38052316 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by cognitive impairment. Although coconut oil has been shown to be potentially beneficial in reducing AD-related cognitive deficits, information on its mechanism of action is limited. Thus, we investigated the effects of coconut oil on spatial cognitive ability and non-cognitive functions in a rat model of AD induced by G-galactose (D-GAL) and aluminum chloride (AlCl3), and examined the changes in synaptic transmission, cholinergic activity, neurotrophic factors and oxidative stress in this process. The AD model was established by administering D-GAL and AlCl3 for 90 days, while also supplementing with coconut oil during this time. Cognitive and non-cognitive abilities of the rats were evaluated at the end of the 90-day supplementation period. In addition, biochemical markers related to the pathogenesis of the AD were measures in the hippocampus tissue. Exposure to D-GAL/AlCl3 resulted in a reduction in locomotor activity, an elevation in anxiety-like behavior, and an impairment of spatial learning and memory (P < 0.05). The aforementioned behavioral disturbances were observed to coincide with increased oxidative stress and cholinergic impairment, as well as reduced synaptic transmission and levels of neurotrophins in the hippocampus (P < 0.05). Interestingly, treatment with coconut oil attenuated all the neuropathological changes mentioned above (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that coconut oil shows protective effects against cognitive and non-cognitive impairment, AD pathology markers, oxidative stress, synaptic transmission, and cholinergic function in a D-GAL/AlCl3-induced AD rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muaz Belviranlı
- Selçuk University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Nilsel Okudan
- Selçuk University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Konya, Turkey
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Mallan S, Singh S. Syringic acid alleviates valproic acid induced autism via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase: Possible molecular approach. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2400-2415. [PMID: 37357844 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by restrictive and repetitive behavior followed by impairment in social, verbal, and non-verbal interaction and communication. Valproic acid (VPA) is a well-known anti-epileptic drug, but its prenatal exposure to animals causes social impairment, neurotransmitters imbalance, and neuroinflammation with ASD-like phenotypes. Syringic acid (SA) is a polyphenolic compound with anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and neuromodulator activity. The purpose of study was to investigate the protective effect of Syringic acid (SA) in prenatal VPA-treated rats through behavioral, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, neurotransmitters, neuronal integrity, and apoptotic marker. Single dose of VPA was administered 600 mg/kg, i.p. on a gestational day (GD) 12th and SA was administrated from PnD 26th to 54th at the dose of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, p.o. On PnD 56th behavioral parameters (Pain sensitivity, open field test, narrow beam walks test and social impairment test) were performed and all animals were sacrificed, and brain tissue was isolated for oxidative stress (GSH, CAT, and LPO), neuroinflammation (TNF-α and IL-6) and neurotransmitters (GABA and Glutamate), histopathology (H&E, Nissl), immunohistochemistry (p38 MAPK) analysis. Rat treated with SA dose-dependently prevented behavioral alteration, restored antioxidant enzymes, neurotransmitters level, decreased neuroinflammatory markers, and improved neuronal integrity. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry confirmed the reduced p38 MAPK marker expression by SA in VPA induced autistic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Mallan
- Neuropharmacology division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuropharmacology division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
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Brookes A, Jewell A, Feng W, Bradshaw TD, Butler J, Gershkovich P. Oral lipid-based formulations alter delivery of cannabidiol to different anatomical regions in the brain. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122651. [PMID: 36720447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Delivery to the brain is a challenging task due to its protection by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Lipids and fatty acids are reported to affect the permeability of the BBB, although this has not been reported following oral administration. Cannabidiol (CBD) has high therapeutic potential in the brain, therefore, this work investigated CBD delivery to anatomical brain regions following oral administration in lipid-based and lipid-free vehicles. All formulations resulted in a short brain Tmax (1 h) and brain-plasma ratios ≥ 3.5, with retention up to 18 h post administration. The highest CBD delivery was observed in the olfactory bulb and striatum, and the medulla pons and cerebellum the lowest. The lipid-free vehicle led to the highest levels of CBD in the whole brain. However, when each anatomical region was assessed individually, the long chain triglyceride-rich rapeseed oil formulation commonly showed optimal performance. The medium chain triglyceride-rich coconut oil formulation did not result in the highest CBD concentration in any brain region. Overall, differences in CBD delivery to the whole brain and various brain regions were observed following administration in different formulations, indicating that the oral formulation selection may be important for optimal delivery to specific regions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Brookes
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Adelaide Jewell
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Wanshan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Tracey D Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - James Butler
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Ashwagandha-loaded nanocapsules improved the behavioral alterations, and blocked MAPK and induced Nrf2 signaling pathways in a hepatic encephalopathy rat model. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:252-274. [PMID: 35672652 PMCID: PMC9726678 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ashwagandha (ASH), a vital herb in Ayurvedic medicine, demonstrated potent preclinical hepato- and neuroprotective effects. However, its efficacy is limited due to low oral bioavailability. Accordingly, we encapsulated ASH extract in chitosan-alginate bipolymeric nanocapsules (ASH-BPNCs) to enhance its physical stability and therapeutic effectiveness in the gastrointestinal tract. ASH-BPNC was prepared by emulsification followed by sonication. The NCs showed small particle size (< 220 nm), zeta-potential of 25.2 mV, relatively high entrapment efficiency (79%), physical stability at acidic and neutral pH, and in vitro release profile that extended over 48 h. ASH-BPNC was then investigated in a thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy (HE) rat model. Compared with free ASH, ASH-BPNC improved survival, neurological score, general motor activity, and cognitive task-performance. ASH-BPNC restored ALT, AST and ammonia serum levels, and maintained hepatic and brain architecture. ASH-BPNC also restored GSH, MDA, and glutathione synthetase levels, and Nrf2 and MAPK signaling pathways in liver and brain tissues. Moreover, ASH-BPNC downregulated hepatic NF-κB immunohistochemical expression. Moreover, the in vivo biodistribution studies demonstrated that most of the administered ASH-BPNC is accumulated in the brain and hepatic tissues. In conclusion, chitosan-alginate BPNCs enhanced the hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects of ASH, thus providing a promising therapeutic approach for HE.
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Hamdan DI, Tawfeek N, El-Shiekh RA, Khalil HMA, Mahmoud MY, Bakr AF, Zaafar D, Farrag N, Wink M, El-Shazly AM. Salix subserrata Bark Extract-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Attenuate Neurotoxicity Induced by Sodium Arsenate in Rats in Relation with HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS Profile. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 24:15. [PMID: 36522541 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollution is a worldwide environmental risk. Arsenic (As) is an environmental pollutant with a major health concern due to its toxic effects on multiple body organs, including the brain. Humans are exposed to As through eating contaminated food and water or via skin contact. Salix species (willow) are plants with medicinal efficacy. Salix subserrata Willd bark extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (SBE.CNPs) was formulated, characterized, and evaluated against As-induced neurotoxicity. The stem bark was selected for nanoparticle formulation based on HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS profiling and in vitro antioxidant assessment using free radical scavenging activity. SBE.CNPs demonstrated an average un-hydrated diameter of 193.4 ± 24.5 nm and zeta potential of + 39.6 ± 0.4 mV with an encapsulation efficiency of 83.7 ± 4.3%. Compared to As-intoxicated rats, SBE.CNP-treated rats exhibited anxiolytic activity and memory-boosting as evidenced in open field test, light-dark activity box, and Y-maze. Also, it increased the antioxidant biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase associated with reducing the malondialdehyde levels and apoptotic activity. Besides this, SBE.CNPs maintained the brain architecture and downregulated both nuclear factor-kappa B and heme oxygenase-1 expression. These results suggest that SBE.CNP administration showed promising potent neuroprotective and antioxidative efficiencies against arsenic-induced oxidative threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daila I Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin Elkom, 32511, Egypt.
| | - Nora Tawfeek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Riham A El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini st., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Khalil
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Y Mahmoud
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alaa F Bakr
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Dalia Zaafar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Information and Technology, El Mokattam, Egypt
| | - Nawaal Farrag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Assem Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, 44813 El Saleheya El Gadida, El Saleheya, Egypt
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10
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N P D, Kondengadan MS, Sweilam SH, Rahman MH, Muhasina KM, Ghosh P, Bhargavi D, Palati DJ, Maiz F, Duraiswamy B. Neuroprotective role of coconut oil for the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease: potential mechanisms of action. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-33. [PMID: 36208039 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2122296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease (ND) is a clinical condition in which neurons degenerate with a consequent loss of functions in the affected brain region. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most progressive ND after Alzheimer's disease (AD), which affects the motor system and is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from the nigrostriatal pathway in the midbrain, leading to bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, postural instability and non-motor symptoms such as cognitive declines, psychiatric disturbances, autonomic failures, sleep difficulties, and pain syndrome. Coconut oil (CO) is an edible oil obtained from the meat of Cocos nucifera fruit that belongs to the palm family and contains 92% saturated fatty acids. CO has been shown to mediate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and excitotoxicity-induced effects in PD in various in vitro and in vivo models as a multi-target bioagent. CO intake through diet has also been linked to a decreased incidence of PD in people. During digestion, CO is broken down into smaller molecules, like ketone bodies (KBs). The KBs then penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and are used as a source of energy its ability to cross BBB made this an important class of natural remedies for the treatment of ND. The current review describes the probable neuroprotective potential pathways of CO in PD, either prophylactic or therapeutic. In addition, we briefly addressed the important pathogenic pathways that might be considered to investigate the possible use of CO in neurodegeneration such as AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika N P
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt
| | | | - K M Muhasina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Puja Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Divya Bhargavi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Divya Jyothi Palati
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Fathi Maiz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 9004
- Laboratory of Thermal Processes, Center for Energy Research and Technology, Borj-Cedria, BP:95 Tunisia
| | - B Duraiswamy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
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11
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Khalil HMA, Mahmoud DB, El-Shiekh RA, Bakr AF, Boseila AA, Mehanna S, Naggar RA, Eliwa HA. Antidepressant and Cardioprotective Effects of Self-Nanoemulsifying Self-Nanosuspension Loaded with Hypericum perforatum on Post-Myocardial Infarction Depression in Rats. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:243. [PMID: 36028598 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum (HP) is characterized by potent medicinal activity. However, the poor water solubility of many HP constituents limits their therapeutic effectiveness. Self-nanoemulsifying self-nanosuspension loaded with HP (HP.SNESNS) was formulated to improve the bioefficacy of HP. It was prepared using 10% triacetin, 57% Tween 20, and 33% PEG 400 and then incorporated with HP extract (100 mg/mL). HP.SNESNS demonstrated a bimodal size distribution (258.65 ± 29.35 and 9.08 ± 0.01 nm) corresponding to nanosuspension and nanoemulsion, respectively, a zeta potential of -8.03 mV, and an enhanced dissolution profile. Compared to the unformulated HP (100 mg/kg), HP.SNESNS significantly improved cardiac functions by decreasing the serum myocardial enzymes, nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) as well as restoring the heart tissue's normal architecture. Furthermore, it ameliorates anxiety, depressive-like behavior, and cognitive dysfunction by decreasing brain TNF-α, elevating neurotransmitters (norepinephrine and serotonin), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In addition, HP.SNESNS augmented the immunohistochemical expression of cortical and hippocampal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels while downregulating the cortical Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression levels. Surprisingly, these protective activities were comparable to the HP (300 mg/kg). In conclusion, HP.SNESNS (100 mg/kg) exerted antidepressant and cardioprotective activities in the post-MI depression rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M A Khalil
- Veterinary Hygiene and Management Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Dina B Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Egyptian Drug Authority Formerly Known As National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leipzig University, 04317, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Riham A El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini st, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Alaa F Bakr
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Amira A Boseila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Egyptian Drug Authority Formerly Known As National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantara branch, Sinai, 41636, Egypt
| | - Sally Mehanna
- Veterinary Hygiene and Management Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Reham A Naggar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University of Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October, Giza, 12566, Egypt
| | - Hesham A Eliwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University of Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October, Giza, 12566, Egypt
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12
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Ezzat MI, Issa MY, Sallam IE, Zaafar D, Khalil HMA, Mousa MR, Sabry D, Gawish AY, Elghandour AH, Mohsen E. Impact of different processing methods on the phenolics and neuroprotective activity of Fragaria ananassa Duch. extracts in a D-galactose and aluminum chloride-induced rat model of aging. Food Funct 2022; 13:7794-7812. [PMID: 35766389 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00645f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Age-related diseases, including dementia, are a major health concern affecting daily human life. Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) is the most eaten fruit worldwide due to its exceptional aroma and flavor. However, it's rapid softening and decay limit its shelf-life. Freezing and boiling represent the well-known conservation methods to extend its shelf-life. Therefore, we aimed to discover the phytochemical content differences of fresh and processed strawberries associated with investigating and comparing their neuroprotective effects in a rat model of aging. Female Wistar rats were orally pretreated with fresh, boiled, and frozen F. ananassa methanolic extracts (250 mg kg-1) for 2 weeks, and then these extracts were concomitantly exposed to D-galactose [65 mg kg-1, subcutaneously (S/C)] and AlCl3 (200 mg kg-1, orally) for 6 weeks to develop aging-like symptoms. The results of UPLC/ESI-MS phytochemical profiling revealed 36 secondary metabolites, including phenolics, flavonoids, and their glycoside derivatives. Compared with boiled and frozen extracts, the fresh extract ameliorated the behavioral deficits including anxiety and cognitive dysfunction, upregulated brain HO-1 and Nrf2 levels, and markedly reduced caspase-3 and PPAR-γ levels. Moreover, LDH and miRNA-9, 124 and 132 protein expressions were reduced. The histological architecture of the brain hippocampus was restored and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoexpression was downregulated. In conclusion, the fresh extract has neuroprotective activity that could have a promising role in ameliorating age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa I Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Y Issa
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim E Sallam
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City, 12566, Egypt
| | - Dalia Zaafar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, el-Mokattam, Cairo, 11581, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Khalil
- Veterinary Hygiene and Management Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Mousa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, 11562, Egypt
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University, 11829, Egypt
| | - Aya Y Gawish
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, el-Mokattam, Cairo, 11581, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Elghandour
- Communication Department, Military Technical College, Cairo, 11766, Egypt
| | - Engy Mohsen
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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13
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Nascimento ALCS, Fernandes RP, Carvalho ACS, Frigieri I, Alves RC, Chorilli M. Insights for Alzheimer's disease pharmacotherapy and current clinical trials. Neurochem Int 2022; 159:105401. [PMID: 35842055 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, the scientific community has sought improvements in the life quality of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Synaptic loss and neuronal death observed in the regions responsible for cognitive functions represent an irreversible progressive disease that is clinically characterized by impaired cognitive and functional abilities, along with behavioral symptoms. Currently, image and body fluid biomarkers can provide early dementia diagnostic, being it the best way to slow the disease's progression. The first signs of AD development are still complex, the existence of individual genetic and phenotypic characteristics about the disease makes it difficult to standardize studies on the subject. The answer seems to be related between Aβ and tau proteins. Aβ deposition in the medial parietal cortex appears to be the initial stage of AD, but it does not have a strong correlation with neurodegeneration. The strongest link between symptoms occurs with tau aggregation, which antecede Aβ deposits in the medial temporal lobe, however, the protein can be found in cognitively healthy older people. The answer to the question may lie in some catalytic effect between both proteins. Amid so many doubts, Aducanumab was approved, which raised controversies and results intense debate in the scientific field. Abnormal singling of some blood biomarkers produced by adipocytes under high lipogenesis, such as TNFα, leptin, and interleukin-6, demonstrate to be linked to neuroinflammation worsens, diabetes, and also severe cases of COVID-19, howsoever, under higher lipolysis, seem to have therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects in the brain, which has increasingly contributed to the understanding of AD. In addition, the relationship of severe clinical complications caused by Sars-CoV-2 viral infection and AD, go beyond the term "risk group" and may be related to the development of dementia long-term. Thus, this review summarized the current emerging pharmacotherapies, alternative treatments, and nanotechnology applied in clinical trials, discussing relevant points that may contribute to a more accurate look.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L C S Nascimento
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14800-903, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - R P Fernandes
- Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Department of Chemistry, 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - A C S Carvalho
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, 14800-060, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I Frigieri
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14800-903, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R C Alves
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14800-903, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Chorilli
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14800-903, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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p-Coumaric acid mitigates passive avoidance memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity impairments in aluminum chloride-induced Alzheimer's disease rat model. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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15
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Application of Functional and Edible Coatings and Films as Promising Strategies for Developing Dairy Functional Products—A Review on Yoghurt Case. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12060838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Edible coatings and films appear to be a very promising strategy for delivering bioactive compounds and probiotics in food systems when direct incorporation/inoculation is not an option. The production of dairy products has undergone radical modifications thanks to nanotechnology. Despite being a relatively new occurrence in the dairy sector, nanotechnology has quickly become a popular means of increasing the bioavailability and favorable health effects of a variety of bioactive components. The present review describes, in detail, the various processes being practiced worldwide for yoghurt preparation, microencapsulation, and nanotechnology-based approaches for preserving and/or enriching yoghurt with biologically, and its effect on health and in treating various diseases. In the case of yoghurt, as a perfect medium for functional ingredients supplementation, different gums (e.g., alginate, xanthan gum, and gum arabic), alone or in combination with maltodextrin, seem to be excellent coatings materials to encapsulate functional ingredients. Edible coatings and films are ideal carriers of bioactive compounds, such as antioxidants, antimicrobials, flavors, and probiotics, to improve the quality of dairy food products. Yoghurt is regarded as a functional superfood with a variety of health benefits, especially with a high importance for women’s health, as a probiotic. Consumption of yoghurt with certain types of probiotic strains which contain γ-linolenic acid or PUFA can help solve healthy problems or alleviate different symptoms, and this review will be shed light on the latest studies that have focused on the impact of functional yoghurt on women’s health. Recently, it has been discovered that fermented milk products effectively prevent influenza and COVID-19 viruses. Bioactive molecules from yoghurt are quite effective in treating various inflammations, including so-called “cytokine storms” (hypercytokinaemia) caused by COVID-19.
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16
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Priyanto A, Hapidin DA, Khairurrijal K. Potential Loading of Virgin Coconut Oil into Centrifugally‐Spun Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aan Priyanto
- Institut Teknologi Bandung Department of Physics Jalan Ganesa 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia
| | - Dian Ahmad Hapidin
- Institut Teknologi Bandung Department of Physics Jalan Ganesa 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia
| | - Khairurrijal Khairurrijal
- Institut Teknologi Bandung Department of Physics Jalan Ganesa 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia
- Institut Teknologi Bandung University Center of Excellence – Nutraceutical, Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Center Jalan Ganesa 10 40132 Bandung Indonesia
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17
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Hamdan DI, Salah S, Hassan WHB, Morsi M, Khalil HMA, Ahmed-Farid OAH, El-Shiekh RA, Nael MA, Elissawy AM. Anticancer and Neuroprotective Activities of Ethyl Acetate Fractions from Morus macroura Miq. Plant Organs with Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Profiling. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:16013-16027. [PMID: 35571826 PMCID: PMC9096986 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Column chromatography afforded the isolation of seven secondary metabolites (1-(2,4,6-trihydroxy phenyl)-ethanone-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, naringenin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-d-galactopyranoside, rutin) from the ethyl acetate (ET) fractions of Morus macroura Miq. stems (S), leaves (L), and fruits (F). Their identification based on ultraviolet (UV), electron ionization (EI), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and 1D and 2D NMR data. In addition, profiling of ET fractions using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) resulted in the identification of 82 compounds belonging to different classes, mainly polyphenolic constituents. Chemical profiling as well as molecular docking directed us to biological evaluation. Interestingly, the ET-L fraction exhibited a robust cytotoxic activity against HepG-2, MCF-7, and HELA cell lines. Also, it displayed a neuromodulatory activity against cisplatin neurotoxicity in rats by ameliorating the neurobehavioral dysfunction visualized in the open field and Y-maze test and modulating the neurochemical parameters such as brain amino acid levels (glutamate, aspartate, serine, and histidine), oxidative stress markers (GSH, MDA, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine), and purinergic cell energy (adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)). In conclusion, the isolated compounds (kaempferol-3-O-β-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside) from the ET-L fraction could serve as potent anticancer agents due to their strong antioxidant, in vitro cytotoxicity, and in vivo neuroprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Ibrahim Hamdan
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Menoufia
University, Shibin
Elkom 32511, Egypt
| | - Samia Salah
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig
University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Mai Morsi
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig
University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Heba Muhammed Ali Khalil
- Department
of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | | | - Riham Adel El-Shiekh
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo
University, Kasr el Aini
Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Manal AbdElaziz Nael
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Elissawy
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams
University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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18
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Novel Luteolin-Loaded Chitosan Decorated Nanoparticles for Brain-Targeting Delivery in a Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model: Focus on Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Amyloidogenic Pathways. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051003. [PMID: 35631589 PMCID: PMC9148113 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparation and evaluation of a non-invasive intranasal luteolin delivery for the management of cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using novel chitosan decorated nanoparticles. Development of luteolin-loaded chitosomes was followed by full in vitro characterization. In vivo efficacy was evaluated using a sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (SAD) animal model via intracerebroventricular injection of 3 mg/kg streptozotocin (ICV-STZ). Treatment groups of luteolin suspension and chitosomes (50 mg/kg) were then intranasally administered after 5 h of ICV-STZ followed by everyday administration for 21 consecutive days. Behavioral, histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical studies were conducted. Chitosomes yielded promising quality attributes in terms of particle size (PS) (412.8 ± 3.28 nm), polydispersity index (PDI) (0.378 ± 0.07), Zeta potential (ZP) (37.4 ± 2.13 mv), and percentage entrapment efficiency (EE%) (86.6 ± 2.05%). Behavioral findings showed obvious improvement in the acquisition of short-term and long-term spatial memory. Furthermore, histological evaluation revealed an increased neuronal survival rate with a reduction in the number of amyloid plaques. Biochemical results showed improved antioxidant effects and reduced pro-inflammatory mediators’ levels. In addition, a suppression by half was observed in the levels of both Aβ aggregation and hyperphosphorylated-tau protein in comparison to the model control group which in turn confirmed the capability of luteolin-loaded chitosomes (LUT-CHS) in attenuating the pathological changes of AD. The prepared nanoparticles are considered a promising safe, effective, and non-invasive nanodelivery system that improves cognitive function in SAD albino mice as opposed to luteolin suspension.
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A Brain-Targeted Approach to Ameliorate Memory Disorders in a Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model via Intranasal Luteolin-Loaded Nanobilosomes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030576. [PMID: 35335952 PMCID: PMC8950550 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired memory and cognitive function are the main features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Unfortunately, currently available treatments cannot cure or delay AD progression. Moreover, the blood–brain barrier hampers effective delivery of treatment to the brain. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the impact of intranasally delivered luteolin on AD using bile-salt-based nano-vesicles (bilosomes). Different bilosomes were prepared using 23-factorial design. The variables were defined by the concentration of surfactant, the molar ratio of cholesterol:phospholipid, and the concentration of bile salt. Results demonstrated optimized luteolin-loaded bilosomes with particle size (153.2 ± 0.98 nm), zeta potential (−42.8 ± 0.24 mV), entrapment efficiency% (70.4 ± 0.77%), and % drug released after 8 h (80.0 ± 1.10%). In vivo experiments were conducted on an AD mouse model via intracerebroventricular injection of 3 mg/kg streptozotocin. We conducted behavioral, biochemical marker, histological, and immune histochemistry assays after administering a luteolin suspension or luteolin bilosomes (50 mg/kg) intranasally for 21 consecutive days. Luteolin bilosomes improved short-term and long-term spatial memory. They also exhibited antioxidant properties and reduced levels of proinflammatory mediators. They also suppressed both amyloid β aggregation and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein levels in the hippocampus. In conclusion, luteolin bilosomes are an effective, safe, and non-invasive approach with superior cognitive function capabilities compared to luteolin suspension.
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Orabi MAA, Khalil HMA, Abouelela ME, Zaafar D, Ahmed YH, Naggar RA, Alyami HS, Abdel-Sattar ES, Matsunami K, Hamdan DI. Carissa macrocarpa Leaves Polar Fraction Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats via Downregulating the Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1305. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/ph14121305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic-related toxicity exacerbates the increasing death rate among cancer patients, necessitating greater efforts to find a speedy solution. An in vivo assessment of the protective effect of the C. macrocarpa leaves polar fraction of hydromethanolic extract against doxorubicin (Dox)-induced neurotoxicity was performed. Intriguingly, this fraction ameliorated Dox-induced cognitive dysfunction; reduced serum ROS and brain TNF-α levels, upregulated the brain nerve growth factor (NGF) levels, markedly reduced caspase-3 immunoexpression, and restored the histological architecture of the brain hippocampus. The in vivo study results were corroborated with a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling that revealed the presence of a high percentage of the plant polyphenolics. Molecular modeling of several identified molecules in this fraction demonstrated a strong binding affinity of flavan-3-ol derivatives with TACE enzymes, in agreement with the experimental in vivo neuroprotective activity. In conclusion, the C. macrocarpa leaves polar fraction possesses neuroprotective activity that could have a promising role in ameliorating chemotherapeutic-induced side effects.
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21
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Orabi MAA, Khalil HMA, Abouelela ME, Zaafar D, Ahmed YH, Naggar RA, Alyami HS, Abdel-Sattar ES, Matsunami K, Hamdan DI. Carissa macrocarpa Leaves Polar Fraction Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats via Downregulating the Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1305. [PMID: 34959705 PMCID: PMC8709457 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic-related toxicity exacerbates the increasing death rate among cancer patients, necessitating greater efforts to find a speedy solution. An in vivo assessment of the protective effect of the C. macrocarpa leaves polar fraction of hydromethanolic extract against doxorubicin (Dox)-induced neurotoxicity was performed. Intriguingly, this fraction ameliorated Dox-induced cognitive dysfunction; reduced serum ROS and brain TNF-α levels, upregulated the brain nerve growth factor (NGF) levels, markedly reduced caspase-3 immunoexpression, and restored the histological architecture of the brain hippocampus. The in vivo study results were corroborated with a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling that revealed the presence of a high percentage of the plant polyphenolics. Molecular modeling of several identified molecules in this fraction demonstrated a strong binding affinity of flavan-3-ol derivatives with TACE enzymes, in agreement with the experimental in vivo neuroprotective activity. In conclusion, the C. macrocarpa leaves polar fraction possesses neuroprotective activity that could have a promising role in ameliorating chemotherapeutic-induced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. A. Orabi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Heba M. A. Khalil
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Abouelela
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut-Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt;
| | - Dalia Zaafar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Information and Technology, Cairo 11311, Egypt;
| | - Yasmine H. Ahmed
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Reham A. Naggar
- Department of pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University of Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October, Giza 12566, Egypt;
| | - Hamad S. Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - El-Shaymaa Abdel-Sattar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsunami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Dalia I. Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin Elkom 32511, Egypt
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22
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Orabi MAA, Khalil HMA, Abouelela ME, Zaafar D, Ahmed YH, Naggar RA, Alyami HS, Abdel-Sattar ES, Matsunami K, Hamdan DI. Carissa macrocarpa Leaves Polar Fraction Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats via Downregulating the Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14121305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic-related toxicity exacerbates the increasing death rate among cancer patients, necessitating greater efforts to find a speedy solution. An in vivo assessment of the protective effect of the C. macrocarpa leaves polar fraction of hydromethanolic extract against doxorubicin (Dox)-induced neurotoxicity was performed. Intriguingly, this fraction ameliorated Dox-induced cognitive dysfunction; reduced serum ROS and brain TNF-α levels, upregulated the brain nerve growth factor (NGF) levels, markedly reduced caspase-3 immunoexpression, and restored the histological architecture of the brain hippocampus. The in vivo study results were corroborated with a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling that revealed the presence of a high percentage of the plant polyphenolics. Molecular modeling of several identified molecules in this fraction demonstrated a strong binding affinity of flavan-3-ol derivatives with TACE enzymes, in agreement with the experimental in vivo neuroprotective activity. In conclusion, the C. macrocarpa leaves polar fraction possesses neuroprotective activity that could have a promising role in ameliorating chemotherapeutic-induced side effects.
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Khalil HMA, Eliwa HA, El-Shiekh RA, Al-Mokaddem AK, Hassan M, Tawfek AM, El-Maadawy WH. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract attenuates hepatic and cognitive deficits in thioacetamide-induced rat model of hepatic encephalopathy via induction of Nrf2/HO-1 and mitigation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 277:114141. [PMID: 33905819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ashwagandha (ASH) is one of the medicinal plants used in traditional Indian, Ayurvedic, and Unani medicines for their broad range of pharmacological activities including, tonic, aphrodisiac, energy stimulant, and counteracting chronic fatigue. Besides, it is used in the treatment of nervous exhaustion, memory-related conditions, insomnia, as well as improving learning ability and memory capacity. ASH is preclinically proven to be efficient in hepatoprotection and improving cognitive impairment, however, its beneficial effects against hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the protective effects of ASH root extract against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced HE and delineate the underlying behavioral and pharmacological mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS ASH metabolites were identified using UPLC-HRMS. Rats were pretreated with ASH (200 and 400 mg/kg) for 29 days and administrated TAA (i.p, 350 mg/kg) in a single dose. Then, behavioral (open field test, Y-maze, modified elevated plus maze and novel object recognition test), and biochemical (ammonia and hepatic toxicity indices) assessments, as well as oxidative stress markers (MDA and GSH) were evaluated. The hepatic and brain levels of glutamine synthetase (GS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme-oxygenase (HO)-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expressions of p38/ERK½ were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Moreover, histopathological investigations and immunohistochemical (NF-κB and TNF-α immunohistochemical expressions) examinations were performed. RESULTS Metabolite profiling of ASH revealed more than 45 identified metabolites including phenolic acids, flavonoids and steroidal lactone triterpenoids. Compared to the TAA-intoxicated group, ASH improved the locomotor and cognitive deficits, serum hepatotoxicity indices and ammonia levels, as well as brain and hepatic histopathological alterations. ASH reduced hepatic and brain levels of MDA, GS, and iNOS, and increased their GSH, Nrf2, and HO-1 levels. Also, ASH downregulated p38 and ERK½ mRNA expressions, and NF-κB and TNF-α immunohistochemical expressions in brain and hepatic tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our results provided insights into the promising hepato- and neuroprotective effects of ASH, with superiority to 400 mg/kg ASH, to ameliorate HE with its sequential hyperammonemia and liver/brain injuries. This could be attributed to the recorded increase in the spontaneous alternation % and recognition index, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as upregulation of Nrf2 and downregualtion of MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M A Khalil
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Hesham A Eliwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University of Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October, Giza, 12566, Egypt.
| | - Riham A El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa K Al-Mokaddem
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Hassan
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza, 12411, Egypt.
| | - Azza M Tawfek
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Walaa H El-Maadawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza, 12411, Egypt.
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