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Jiang H, Feng S, Zhang P, Wang J, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Song X, Huang W, Xie Y, Deng C. Petroleum ether extract of Schisandra sphenanthera prevents hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in association with modulation of sweet taste receptors and gut microbiota in T2DM rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118300. [PMID: 38718889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra sphenanthera (Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils.) is the dried mature fruit of Schisandra sphenanthera, a plant in the Magnoliaceae family. It was used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the Jade Fluid Decoction and the Xiaoke pills, which were recorded in ancient books. However, its mechanism of action in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was unclear and needs further study. AIM OF THE STUDY This research aimed to investigate the chemical composition and lignan content of Schisandra sphenanthera petroleum ether parts (SPEP) and to evaluate the effects of SPEP on sweet taste receptors (STRs) and intestinal flora in rats on a high-fat diet (HFD). Additionally, the relationships between SPEP and hyperglycemia and insulin resistance were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS GC-MS was used to determine the chemical composition of SPEP, and HPLC was used to determine the lignin content. A combination of the HFD and the administration of streptozotocin (STZ) was employed to generate a rat model of T2DM. Petroleum ether extracts from Schisandra sphenanthera were used as the focus of the research to evaluate the effects of these extracts on the glucolipid metabolism of T2DM rats, as well as the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Analysis of the GC-MS spectrum of SESP revealed a total of 58 compounds. HPLC analysis revealed that SPEP had the highest concentration of Schisandrin A and the lowest concentration of Schisandrol A. The drug administration intervention resulted in a significant decrease in body weight and pancreatic weight of diabetic rats compared to the Normal group. When compared to the Model group, the body weight of rats in the drug administration group and the Metformin group had a more moderate decrease, while the pancreatic weight and pancreatic-to-body ratio increased. The Model group shown significant increases in FBG, OGTT, GHb, TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, AST, MDA, FINS, and NEFA, as well as significant decreases in HDL-C and SOD, when compared to the Normal group (P < 0.05). The administration of each group was found to be significantly effective in decreasing FBG, OGTT, GHb, TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, AST, MDA, FINS, NEFA, while increasing HDL-C and SOD when compared to the Model group. The application of SPEP had a positive impact on hepatocyte swelling, hepatocyte degeneration, and necrosis, as well as the morphological structure of pancreatic islet cells. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of T1R2, TRPM5 and GLP-1 in the small intestine of the Model group were reduced. After a period of six weeks, the protein expression levels began to align more closely with those of the Normal group of rats. Analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the intestinal microbiota of diabetic rats was significantly disrupted, with a decrease in the abundance of the Firmicutes phylum and an increase in the abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum. Furthermore, the composition of the dominant genus was distinct from that of the control group. After the drug intervention, the microbiota of diabetic rats was significantly altered, exhibiting a higher abundance and diversity, as well as a significant enrichment of the community. The SPEP treatment resulted in a significant increase in acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this research indicated that SPEP could be effective in treating T2DM through the regulation of STRs, the adjustment of disturbed metabolite levels, and the alteration of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Shibo Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China; Shaanxi Key Lab. of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China; Key Research Laboratory of the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Province: Research and Application of Tai Bai Seven Medicines, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China; Key Research Laboratory of the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Province: Research and Application of Tai Bai Seven Medicines, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Xiaomei Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China; Shaanxi Key Lab. of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China; Key Research Laboratory of the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Province: Research and Application of Tai Bai Seven Medicines, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Wenli Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China; Key Research Laboratory of the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Province: Research and Application of Tai Bai Seven Medicines, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yundong Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
| | - Chong Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China; Shaanxi Key Lab. of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China; College of Pharmacy and Shaanxi Qinling Application Development and Engineering Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China; Shaanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Mechanical and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China; Key Research Laboratory of the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Province: Research and Application of Tai Bai Seven Medicines, Xianyang, 712046, China.
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Jia Y, Liu Y, Wu Y, Feng C, Zhang H, Ren F, Liu H. The regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism through the interaction of dietary polyphenols and polysaccharides via the gut microbiota pathway. Food Funct 2024. [PMID: 39039938 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00585f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The interaction of polyphenols-polysaccharides-gut microbiota to promote health benefits has become a hotspot and direction for precise dietary intervention strategies and foundational research in biomedicine. Both dietary polyphenols and polysaccharides possess biological activities that regulate body health. Single components, due to their inherent structure and physicochemical properties, have a low bioavailability, thus are unable to exert their optimal effects. The compound structure formed by the interaction of polyphenols and polysaccharides can enhance their functional properties, thereby more effectively promoting health benefits and preventing diseases. This review primarily focuses on the roles played by polyphenols and polysaccharides in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, the improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism through the gut microbial pathway by polyphenols and polysaccharides, and the mechanisms by which polyphenols and polysaccharides interact to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. A considerable amount of preliminary research has confirmed the regulatory effects of plant polyphenols and polysaccharides on glucose and lipid metabolism. However, studies on the combined effects and mechanisms of these two components are still very limited. This review aims to provide a reference for subsequent research on their interactions and changes in functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yanan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yingying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Chaohui Feng
- School of Regional Innovation and Social Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami 090-8507, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Feiyue Ren
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
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Pan Z, Luo H, He F, Du Y, Wang J, Zeng H, Xu Z, Sun Y, Li M. Guava polysaccharides attenuate high fat and STZ-induced hyperglycemia by regulating gut microbiota and arachidonic acid metabolism. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133725. [PMID: 38986994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the hypoglycemic mechanism of guava polysaccharides (GP) through the gut microbiota (GM) and related metabolites. Our findings demonstrated that GP significantly mitigated high-fat diet- and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, elevated alanine aminotransferase, high hepatic inflammation levels, and prevented pancreatic atrophy and hepatomegaly. Interestingly, the benefits of GP were attributed to alterations in the GM. GP decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, significantly inhibiting deleterious bacteria, including Uncultured_f_Desulfovibrionaceae, Bilophila, and Desulfovibrio, while promoting the proliferation of probiotic Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides. In addition, GP promoted the generation of short-chain fatty acids. Notably, the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism pathway was enriched in liver metabolites. GP significantly elevated hepatic AA and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, while reducing prostaglandin E2 and 5- and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. This modulation is accompanied by the downregulation of hepatic cyclooxygenase-1, 12-lipoxygenase, P38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase mRNA expression, and the upregulation of cytochrome P4502J5 and insulin receptor substrate 1/2 mRNA expression. However, GP antibiotic treatment did not induce significant alterations in FBG and AA levels or gene expression. Overall, our findings suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of GP may be intricately linked to alterations in AA metabolism, which depends on the GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangguang Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Haolin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Fangqing He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yixuan Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Huize Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zhenlin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yuanming Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Meiying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Food Safety and Quality, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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Yang Z, Chen S, Sun W, Yang Y, Xu Y, Tang Y, Jiang W, Li J, Zhang Y. Study on the mechanisms by which pumpkin polysaccharides regulate abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic mice under oxidative stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132249. [PMID: 38729500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Pumpkin polysaccharide (PPe-H) can perform physiological functions through its antioxidative and hypoglycemic effects; however, the mechanisms through which PPe-H regulates abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism caused by oxidative stress injury remain unclear. In the present study, streptozotocin was used to generate an acute diabetic mouse model, and the effects of PPe-H on glucose and lipid metabolism impaired by oxidative stress in diabetic mice were studied. PPe-H significantly reduced blood glucose levels and enhanced the oral glucose tolerance of diabetic mice under stress injury (p < 0.05). The analysis of liver antioxidant enzymes showed that PPe-H significantly enhanced the activities of SOD and CAT (p < 0.05), increased the GSH level, and decreased the level of MDA (p < 0.05). Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of the liver tissues of mice revealed characteristic differences in the genetic and metabolic levels of the samples, which showed that PPe-H treatment may play a positive role in regulating the metabolism of methionine, cysteine, glycerol phospholipid, and linoleic acid. These results indicated that PPe-H alleviated the symptoms of hyperglycemia by regulating metabolites related to oxidative stress and glycolipid metabolism in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310018, China
| | - Shengdong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310018, China
| | - Wenxuan Sun
- Liang Xin College, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310018, China
| | - Yechen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310018, China
| | - Yuxuan Xu
- Liang Xin College, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310018, China
| | - Yuxuan Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310018, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310018, China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310018, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310018, China.
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Zhang X, Jia L, Ma Q, Zhang X, Chen M, Liu F, Zhang T, Jia W, Zhu L, Qi W, Wang N. Astragalus Polysaccharide Modulates the Gut Microbiota and Metabolites of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in an In Vitro Fermentation Model. Nutrients 2024; 16:1698. [PMID: 38892631 PMCID: PMC11174380 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of astragalus polysaccharide (APS, an ingredient with hypoglycemic function in a traditional Chinese herbal medicine) on gut microbiota and metabolites of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients using a simulated fermentation model in vitro. The main components of APS were isolated, purified, and structure characterized. APS fermentation was found to increase the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and decrease the Escherichia-Shigella level in the fecal microbiota of T2DM patients. Apart from increasing propionic acid, APS also caused an increase in all-trans-retinoic acid and thiamine (both have antioxidant properties), with their enrichment in the KEGG pathway associated with thiamine metabolism, etc. Notably, APS could also enhance fecal antioxidant properties. Correlation analysis confirmed a significant positive correlation of Lactobacillus with thiamine and DPPH-clearance rate, suggesting the antioxidant activity of APS was related to its ability to enrich some specific bacteria and upregulate their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (X.Z.); (L.J.); (Q.M.); (T.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lina Jia
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (X.Z.); (L.J.); (Q.M.); (T.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qian Ma
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (X.Z.); (L.J.); (Q.M.); (T.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Jinan 2501011, China; (X.Z.); (M.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Mian Chen
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Jinan 2501011, China; (X.Z.); (M.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Fei Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Jinan 2501011, China; (X.Z.); (M.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (X.Z.); (L.J.); (Q.M.); (T.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Weiguo Jia
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Liying Zhu
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
| | - Wei Qi
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (X.Z.); (L.J.); (Q.M.); (T.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (X.Z.); (L.J.); (Q.M.); (T.Z.); (W.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China
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Liu S, Wang L, Zhang Z, Leng Y, Yang Y, Fu X, Xie H, Gao H, Xie C. The potential of astragalus polysaccharide for treating diabetes and its action mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1339406. [PMID: 38659573 PMCID: PMC11039829 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1339406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes presents a significant global health burden and is frequently linked to serious clinical complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), extracted from Astragalus membranaceus, exhibits various biochemical and physiological effects. In recent years, a growing number of researchers have investigated the role of APS in glucose control and the treatment of diabetes and its complications in various diabetes models, positioning APS as a promising candidate for diabetes therapy. This review surveys the literature on APS from several databases over the past 20 years, detailing its mechanisms of action in preventing and treating diabetes mellitus. The findings indicate that APS can address diabetes by enhancing insulin resistance, modulating the immune system, protecting islet cells, and improving the intestinal microbiota. APS demonstrates positive pharmacological value and clinical potential in managing diabetic complications, including diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, cognitive dysfunction, wound healing, and more. However, further research is necessary to explore APS's bioavailability, optimal dosage, and additional clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - YuLin Leng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoxu Fu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunguang Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Su M, Tang T, Tang W, Long Y, Wang L, Liu M. Astragalus improves intestinal barrier function and immunity by acting on intestinal microbiota to treat T2DM: a research review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243834. [PMID: 37638043 PMCID: PMC10450032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a significant chronic endocrine/metabolism disorder that can result in a number of life-threatening consequences. According to research, the gut microbiota is strongly linked to the development of diabetes, making it a viable target for diabetes treatment. The intestinal microbiota affects intestinal barrier function, organism immunity, and thus glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. According to research, a disruption in the intestinal microbiota causes a decrease in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), alters the metabolism of bile acids (BAs), branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and endotoxin secretion, resulting in insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and the progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Astragali Radix is a medicinal herb of the same genus as food that has been extensively researched for treating diabetes mellitus with promising results in recent years. Polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, and other components are important. Among them, Astragaloside has a role in protecting the cellular integrity of the pancreas and liver, can leading to alleviation of insulin resistance and reducing blood glucose and triglyceride (TC) levels; The primary impact of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on diabetes is a decrease in insulin resistance, encouragement of islet cell proliferation, and suppression of islet β cell death; Astragali Radix flavonoids are known to enhance immunity, anti-inflammatory, regulate glucose metabolism and control the progression of diabetes. This study summarizes recent studies on Astragali Radix and its group formulations in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus by modulating the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Su
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
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Tang C, Zhou R, Cao K, Liu J, Kan J, Qian C, Jin C. Current progress in the hypoglycemic mechanisms of natural polysaccharides. Food Funct 2023; 14:4490-4506. [PMID: 37083079 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Unhealthy dietary pattern-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus poses a great threat to human health all over the world. Accumulating evidence has revealed that the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus is closely associated with the dysregulation of glucose metabolism and energy metabolism, serious oxidative stress, prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress, metabolic inflammation and intestinal microbial dysbiosis. Most important of all, insulin resistance and insulin deficiency are two key factors inducing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nowadays, natural polysaccharides have gained increasing attention owing to their numerous health-promoting functions, such as hypoglycemic, energy-regulating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and prebiotic activities. Therefore, natural polysaccharides have been used to alleviate diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus. Specifically, this review comprehensively summarizes the underlying hypoglycemic mechanisms of natural polysaccharides and provides a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods. For the first time, this review elucidates hypoglycemic mechanisms of natural polysaccharides from the perspectives of their regulatory effects on glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ruizheng Zhou
- Dongguan Institutes For Food and Drug Control, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Kexin Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Juan Kan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chunlu Qian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Changhai Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
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Xiong J, Fang J, Chen D, Xu H. Physicochemical property changes of
Dendrobium officinale
leaf polysaccharide
LDOP‐A
and it promotes
GLP
‐1 secretion in
NCI‐H716
cells by simulated saliva‐gastrointestinal digestion. Food Sci Nutr 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Xu X, Wang L, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Fan G. Managing metabolic diseases: The roles and therapeutic prospects of herb-derived polysaccharides. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114538. [PMID: 36931026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases have become a public health problem worldwide. Effective, novel and natural therapies are urgently needed to treat metabolic diseases. As natural bioactive compounds, polysaccharides have many physiological and medicinal properties. Recently, herb-derived polysaccharides have shown beneficial effects in the treatment of metabolic diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This review comprehensively summarizes the pharmacological progress and clinical evidence of herb-derived polysaccharides in the treatment of three metabolic diseases, namely type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity, and more importantly, discusses the molecular mechanism involved. Existing evidence has proved that herb-derived polysaccharides can maintain glucose homeostasis, promote insulin secretion, improve insulin resistance, reduce weight gain and hepatic steatosis, inhibit lipogenesis, alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation, and improve gut microbiota disorders in rodents with metabolic diseases. Notably, so far, human clinical trials of herb-derived polysaccharides for these three metabolic diseases remain rare. All in all, herb-derived polysaccharides may have good potential as drug candidates for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases. More high-quality clinical trials are needed to further validate its effectiveness and safety in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Gang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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11
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Manh Khoa N, Viet Phong N, Yang SY, Min BS, Kim JA. Spectroscopic analysis, kinetic mechanism, computational docking, and molecular dynamics of active metabolites from the aerial parts of Astragalus membranaceusBunge as tyrosinase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 134:106464. [PMID: 36921361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
A new isoflavane derivative (2), a new natural isoflavane (6), four new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins (23, 25, 28, and 29), and twenty three known secondary metabolites (1, 3-5, 7-22, 24, 26, and 27) were isolated from the aerial parts of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis and compared with those identified in previous studies. Tyrosinase inhibition ability of isolated compounds (1-29) was evaluated. Of these, compounds 3, 4, 6, and 14 exhibited inhibitory effects, with IC50 values ranging from 24.6 to 59.2 μM. According to kinetic analysis, compounds 3 and 4 were non-competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase, whereas compounds 6 and 14 inhibited tyrosinase in uncompetitive and competitive modes, respectively. Molecular docking analysis identified that compounds 3, 4, and 6 could bind to allosteric sites and compound 14 could bind to the catalytic site of tyrosinase, which is consistent with the results of kinetic studies. Molecular dynamics behaviors of the active compounds in complex with tyrosinase were investigated via 60 ns simulation which demonstrated their high stability. These findings indicate that the aerial parts of A. membranaceus are a potential source of natural tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Manh Khoa
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Viet Phong
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk 38430, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Wang H, Li H, Hou Y, Zhang P, Tan M. Plant polysaccharides: sources, structures, and anti-diabetic effects. Curr Opin Food Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2023.101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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13
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Song Q, Cheng SW, Li D, Cheng H, Lai YS, Han Q, Wu HY, Shaw PC, Zuo Z. Gut microbiota mediated hypoglycemic effect of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides in db/db mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1043527. [PMID: 36452223 PMCID: PMC9703139 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1043527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been reported to be closely associated with Type-II diabetes. Restoration of disordered gut microbiota ecosystem has been developed into a therapeutic strategy and gradually applied on Type-II diabetes treatment with both western drugs and herbal polysaccharides. Although Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides (AMP) have also been used to treat Type-II diabetes, no study investigated correlations between gut microbiota regulation and its hypoglycemic effect. In the present study, the role of gut microbiota on the hypoglycemic effect of AMP in db/db mice was investigated for the first time. Sixteen days treatment of AMP at the dosage of 600 mg/kg in db/db mice not only alleviated its diabetic symptoms significantly but also restored its gut microbiota community with increased production of fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Our further Pearson correlation analyses revealed that the relative abundance of two intestinal bacteria, Akkermansia and Faecalibaculum, were significantly positively correlated with the hypoglycemic effect of AMP as well as fecal SCFA production. It was also noted that treatment of AMP resulted in increased secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in serum and enhanced intestinal integrity. Further mechanistic study revealed that the increased SCFA after AMP treatment could stimulate GLP-1 secretion and improve intestinal integrity via enhancing the expression of G protein-coupled receptors 41/43 and tight junction proteins (Occudin and ZO-1), respectively, leading to the alleviation of diabetic symptoms in db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianbo Song
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sau Wan Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huiyuan Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuen Sze Lai
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Quanbin Han
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hoi Yan Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pang Chui Shaw
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Luo MJ, Wang Y, Chen SY, Yang ZM. Astragalus Polysaccharides Alleviate Type 2 Diabetic Rats by Reversing the Expressions of Sweet Taste Receptors and Genes Related to Glycolipid Metabolism in Liver. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:916603. [PMID: 36059978 PMCID: PMC9428788 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.916603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet taste receptors (STRs) play an important role in glucose metabolism, and type 2 diabetic rats have abnormal expressions of STRs in multiple tissues. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) has shown a significant therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its mechanism needs to be further clarified. T2DM rat model was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection and treated with APS for 8 weeks. Daily indicators of experimental rats were observed, and expression levels of STRs and genes related to glycolipid metabolism were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot. The present study revealed that APS alleviated the symptoms of T2DM rats, improved HOMA-IR and promoted insulin secretion. Gene expression analysis found that APS significantly increased the expressions of signaling molecules in STRs pathways, including taste receptor family 1 member 2 (T1R2), α-gustducin (Gα) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily member 5 (TRPM5), and reversed the expressions of genes related to glucolipid metabolism, including glucose transporters 2 and 4 (GLUT2 and GLUT4), pyruvate carboxylase (PC), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in the liver of T2DM rats. However, APS had no influences on the expressions of genes, including glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β), pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in the liver of T2DM rats. These results suggested that the physiological roles of STRs in the liver were involved with glucose transport and metabolism. APS alleviated T2DM rats by activating the STRs pathway, and promoted glucose transport and lipogenesis.
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Jiao J, Yu J, Ji H, Liu A. Synthesis of macromolecular Astragalus polysaccharide-nano selenium complex and the inhibitory effects on HepG2 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:481-489. [PMID: 35584715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the previously obtained macromolecuar-weight Astragalus polysaccharide (average molecular weight of 1.61 × 106 Da) was used as a stabilizer and dispersing agent for nano-composites preparation by modifying selenium nanoparticles, and then the anti-hepatoma activity on HepG2 cells was investigated as well. Results showed that the nano-composites were obtained under polysaccharide concentration of 2 mg/mL and selenium/polysaccharide mass ratio of 1:15, and exhibited symmetrical spheroid with an average diameter of 62.3 nm, which has a good stability for 35 days at 4 °C. Furthermore, the in vitro anti-hepatoma experiments demonstrated that the composites could significantly inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and could induce the morphological changes, arrest the cell cycle in S phase, finally triggering HepG2 cells apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway. These data revealed that the composites had the potential to be a novel therapeutic drug or adjuvant for hepatoma-bearing patient treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshuang Jiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; QingYunTang Biotech (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Juan Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; QingYunTang Biotech (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Haiyu Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; QingYunTang Biotech (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Anjun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Chen X, Zhao H, Meng F, Zhou L, Pang X, Lu Z, Lu Y. Ameliorated effects of a lipopeptide surfactin on insulin resistance in vitro and in vivo. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:2455-2469. [PMID: 35844917 PMCID: PMC9281957 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactin, produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fmb50, was used to treat insulin‐resistant (IR) hepatocyte. It was found that surfactin increased glucose consumption in insulin‐resistant HepG2 (IR‐HepG2) cells and ameliorated IR by increasing glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein expression and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) mRNA expression, promoting GLUT4 translocation and activating phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) in IR‐HepG2 cells. Meanwhile, surfactin downregulated protein expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) and glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pase), further inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis. In addition, surfactin played important roles in eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS), improving mitochondrial dysfunction, and inhibiting proinflammatory mediators. We observed that surfactin promoted glucose consumption, meanwhile increased translocation and protein expression of GLUT4 in Caco‐2 cells. These results confirmed the conclusion in hepatic cells. Furthermore, surfactin supplement decreased body weight, food intake, and fasting blood glucose of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ)/high‐fat diet (HFD). Our data indicated that surfactin ameliorated insulin resistance and lowered blood glucose in intro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Hongyuan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Fanqiang Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Libang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xinyi Pang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and Economics Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yingjian Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and Economics Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
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The Extraction, Functionalities and Applications of Plant Polysaccharides in Fermented Foods: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123004. [PMID: 34945554 PMCID: PMC8701727 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant polysaccharides, as prebiotics, fat substitutes, stabilizers, thickeners, gelling agents, thickeners and emulsifiers, have been immensely studied for improving the texture, taste and stability of fermented foods. However, their biological activities in fermented foods are not yet properly addressed in the literature. This review summarizes the classification, chemical structure, extraction and purification methods of plant polysaccharides, investigates their functionalities in fermented foods, especially the biological activities and health benefits. This review may provide references for the development of innovative fermented foods containing plant polysaccharides that are beneficial to health.
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Cao M, Li Y, Famurewa AC, Olatunji OJ. Antidiabetic and Nephroprotective Effects of Polysaccharide Extract from the Seaweed Caulerpa racemosa in High Fructose-Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2121-2131. [PMID: 34012278 PMCID: PMC8126874 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s302748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephropathy is a frontline complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) associated with impaired redox-inflammatory networks. The study investigated the antidiabetic and nephroprotective potentials of PCR against diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rats. METHODS DN was induced in rats using a combination of a high fructose solution for 4 weeks and an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated with PCR (100 and 400 mg/kg body weight) for 8 weeks. Serum biochemical parameters as well as renal oxidative stress parameters, proinflammatory cytokines, Western blot and histopathological analyses were evaluated. RESULTS There were significant increases in fasting blood glucose, urinary albumin, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C) levels in diabetic rats compared to the non-diabetic control rats. DM-induced DN prominently depressed renal superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, whereas renal malondialdehyde (MDA) level was markedly increased. Furthermore, renal inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β, were considerably elevated compared to non-diabetic control rats. Additionally, DN rats showed a significant increase in renal fibrosis, as evidenced by increased expression of TGF-β1, collagen-1, fibronectin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the kidneys. Histopathological lesions were consistent with tubule thickening and glomerular hypertrophy. Conversely, PCR treatment exerted significant attenuation of hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and renal oxidative stress indicators. The increased renal levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β were also notably reversed dose-dependently with alleviation of nephropathic histology. Furthermore, PCR reduced the expression of α-SMA, fibronectin, collagen-1 and TGF-β1 in the renal tissues. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PCR displayed antidiabetic and nephroprotective effects against DN by impeding oxidative stress and inflammation. As such, PCR has potentials as a food supplement for alleviating renal dysfunction caused by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji
- Faculty of Thai Traditional Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
- Correspondence: Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji Faculty of Thai Traditional Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand Email
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