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Wynter ZR, Ruane E, Kortum AJ, Hare CHZ. Artifactually increased serum bicarbonate in a cat with rhabdomyolysis. Vet Clin Pathol 2024. [PMID: 38872478 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
A 3-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented with lethargy, hyporexia, and pyrexia of unknown origin. Biochemical analysis using a Beckman Coulter AU480 demonstrated marked increases in creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase, indicative of severe muscle injury, with concurrent presumptive myoglobinuria on urinalysis. A marked, non-physiologic increase in measured bicarbonate and resultant negative anion gap was documented; however, calculated bicarbonate obtained via a point-of-care blood gas analyzer was within normal limits. Laboratory error due to interference by lactate dehydrogenase was suspected and supported by the results of subsequent biochemical testing. Artifactual increases in bicarbonate have been documented in cases of rhabdomyolysis in horses, cows, and a bird. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate this spurious change in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe R Wynter
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily Ruane
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andre J Kortum
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cassia H Z Hare
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Matsuura Y, Hamakubo E, Nishiguchi A, Momoi Y, Matsuu A. Elucidation of prognostic factors in the acute phase of feline severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:211-220. [PMID: 38171741 PMCID: PMC10898982 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a potentially fatal tick-borne zoonotic disease, endemic to Asian regions, including western Japan. Cats appear to suffer a particularly severe form of the disease; however, feline SFTS is not clinically well characterized. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the associations of, demographic, hematological and biochemical, immunological, and virological parameters with clinical outcome (fatal cases vs. survivors) in SFTSV-positive cats. Viral genomic analysis was also performed. Viral load in blood, total bilirubin, creatine phosphokinase, serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, tumor necrotic factor-α, and virus-specific IgM and IgG differed significantly between survivors and fatal cases, and thus may have utility as prognosticators. Furthermore, survivor profiling revealed high-level of viremia with multiple parameters (white blood cells, platelet, total bilirubin, glucose, and serum amyloid A) beyond the reference range in the 7-day acute phase, and signs of clinical recovery in the post-acute phase (parameters returning to, or tending toward, the reference range). However, SFTSV was still detectable from some survived cats even 14 days after onset of disease, indicating the risk of infection posed by close-contact exposure may persist through the post-acute phase. This study provides useful information for prognostic assessments of acute feline SFTS, and may contribute to early treatment plans for cats with SFTS. Our findings also alert pet owners and animal health professionals to the need for prolonged vigilance against animal-to-human transmission when handling cats that have been diagnosed with SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Matsuura
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Emu Hamakubo
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Yasuyuki Momoi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Matsuu
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Current affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Carbonara M, Iatta R, Sgroi G, Papadopoulos E, Lima C, Bouhsira E, Miró G, Nachum-Biala Y, Baneth G, Otranto D. Hepatozoon species infecting domestic cats from countries of the Mediterranean basin. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102192. [PMID: 37201249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are caused by pathogens of human and veterinary concern representing a major public health issue worldwide. Although feline medicine has progressed much in the recent decades, data on feline TBDs (FeTBDs) remain scant. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of apicomplexan parasite infections, associated risk factors and clinical-hematological abnormalities in domestic feline populations from countries of the Mediterranean basin. Blood and serum samples from cats (n = 600) living in France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Portugal and Spain were collected along with animal data (i.e., age, sex, breed, housing conditions and geographical origin), clinical signs and laboratory blood test parameters. Cats were grouped according to their age as kitten (up to one year), young (between one and six years), mature (between seven and ten years) and senior (older than ten years). Blood samples were tested for Hepatozoon spp. and piroplasmids by conventional PCR targeting 18S rRNA gene. The overall prevalence of Hepatozoon spp. infection was 14.5%, being significantly higher in cats from Greece (30%) and Portugal (23%), followed by Spain (15%), Israel (15%) and France (4%). Cats from Italy scored negative. Hepatozoon felis was identified in 86 animals, with three different sequence types and H. silvestris was detected in one shelter cat from Portugal. No piroplasmid DNA was amplified. The risk of Hepatozoon spp. infection was related to feline geographical provenience, housing condition and age. No statistical correlation was reported with any clinical signs, while increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was the only laboratory abnormality significantly associated (p = 0.03) with the infection. Data suggest a high circulation of H. felis, and only occasionally of H. silvestris, within domestic feline populations in the Mediterranean basin, mainly in shelter or free roaming and young cats with asymptomatic or subclinical infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaelisa Carbonara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Roberta Iatta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sgroi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Elias Papadopoulos
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases and Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Clara Lima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Emilie Bouhsira
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, InTheres, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Guadalupe Miró
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gad Baneth
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy; Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
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van Koulil Q, Santifort KM, Beukers M, Ioannidis M, Van Soens I. Neurolymphomatosis in a cat with diffuse neuromuscular signs including cranial nerve involvement. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quinten van Koulil
- Evidensia Small Animal Hospital ‘Hart van Brabant’ Waalwijk The Netherlands
| | - Koen M. Santifort
- Evidensia Small Animal Hospital ‘Hart van Brabant’ Waalwijk The Netherlands
- Evidensia Small Animal Hospital Arnhem Arnhem The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Beukers
- Evidensia Small Animal Hospital ‘Hart van Brabant’ Waalwijk The Netherlands
| | - Marianthi Ioannidis
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Iris Van Soens
- Evidensia Small Animal Hospital ‘Hart van Brabant’ Waalwijk The Netherlands
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Ferriani R, Mangiagalli G, Meazzi S, Pantoli M, Barbè F, Pastore C, Rossi S. Haematological and biochemical reference intervals in healthy Ragdoll cats. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:e98-e108. [PMID: 35471086 PMCID: PMC11104232 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221089695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breed-specific reference intervals (RIs) may be necessary to avoid misinterpretation of laboratory results. The main aim of this study was to establish haematobiochemical RIs for Ragdoll cats. METHODS Forty-two clinically healthy adult (0.8-10 years old) Ragdoll cats (Ragdoll population [RP]) and 60 non-Ragdoll cats as the control population (CP) were prospectively enrolled. Results of haematology, biochemistry and total thyroxine (TT4) were used to determine both Ragdoll-specific and general feline population RIs for each variable using Reference Value Advisor software according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines and the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines. RESULTS For each analyte, RIs of the RP were calculated and compared with those obtained from the CP. Haematocrit, haemoglobin, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, reticulocyte absolute count, platelet count and lymphocyte absolute number were statistically different from the CP. Biochemistry RIs revealed a statistical difference in creatinine kinase (CK), total protein, urea, creatinine, glucose, total calcium and iron. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Haematobiochemical RIs of the general feline population must be used with caution in Ragdoll cats when it comes to iron and glucose concentrations, CK activity and absolute lymphocyte number. For these parameters, the use of breed-specific RIs is suggested. The docile and more relaxed nature of this breed may explain these differences and further investigations are necessary to better understand the results. Furthermore, investigations are needed to evaluate the possible benefits of breed-specific urea RIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Ferriani
- San Francesco Veterinary Hospital, Milan, Italy
- BiEsseA Veterinary Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sara Meazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
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Klainbart S, Grabarnik M, Kelmer E, Chai O, Cuneah O, Segev G, Aroch I. Clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome of acute organophosphate or carbamate intoxication in 39 cats. Vet Rec 2022; 191:e1633. [PMID: 35437770 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphates and carbamates are important sources of intoxication for humans and animals. However, large-scale studies of these intoxications in cats are unavailable. METHODS The medical records of 39 cats presented to a veterinary teaching hospital with acute organophosphate or carbamate intoxication were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS Mortality in intoxicated cats was 15%. Low respiratory rate and low rectal temperature at presentation were associated with death. Other common clinical signs included weakness, ataxia, apathy, recumbency, anorexia and bradycardia, but these were unassociated with the outcome. The common biochemical abnormalities included decreased serum butyryl-choline esterase activity, acidaemia, hypercarbaemia and total hypocalcaemia, and increased creatine kinase activity and total plasma protein concentration. There were no significant differences in haematological, biochemical and blood gas analytes between survivors and non-survivors. Common medications and treatments included 2-pyridine aldoxime methyl-chloride-pralidoxime (2-PAM) (74%), metoclopramide (64%), antibiotics (64%), diphenhydramine (59%) and atropine sulphate (54%). There were no significant drug and treatment differences between survivors and non-survivors. The secondary complications of the intoxication included pneumonia (10%), acute kidney injury (10%) and pancreatitis (8%). CONCLUSIONS Acute cholinergic crisis due to organophosphate or carbamate intoxication has a fair prognosis in cats. Low respiratory rate and low rectal temperature at presentation were associated with death. The most commonly used specific medications in this study included 2-PAM, diphenhydramine and atropine sulphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Klainbart
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Meital Grabarnik
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Kelmer
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orit Chai
- Department of Small Animal Neurology, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Olga Cuneah
- Department of Toxicology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Gilad Segev
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Itamar Aroch
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Klainbart S, Shipov A, Madhala O, Oron LD, Weingram T, Segev G, Kelmer E. Dog bite wounds in cats: a retrospective study of 72 cases. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:107-115. [PMID: 33980052 PMCID: PMC10812173 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211010735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bite wounds are a common cause of trauma in cats; nevertheless, large-scale studies of this trauma in cats are lacking. The aims of the present study were to characterise the clinical and clinicopathological findings in these cats, to assess the association of these variables and therapeutic measures with survival, and to assess the association between the animal trauma triage (ATT) score and severity of injuries score (SS) at presentation with survival. METHODS The medical records of cats presented to a veterinary teaching hospital and two large referral clinics were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS The study included 72 cats diagnosed with canine bite wounds (with the dog attacks having been witnessed). Seventy-one percent of cats suffered multiple injuries, and there was a significant association between the number of injured body areas and survival, and between severity of injury and survival (P = 0.02 and P = 0.012, respectively). The median ATT scores and SSs for non-survivors were significantly higher compared with survivors (P <0.0001). There was a strong and significant correlation between ATT scores and SSs (r = 0.704, P <0.0001). Total protein and albumin were significantly lower and alanine aminotransferase significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors (P ⩽0.032). Fifty percent of cats were treated conservatively, 32% by local surgical debridement and 18% of cats required an exploratory procedure. Cats undergoing more aggressive treatments were significantly less likely to survive (P = 0.029). Fifty-seven cats (79%) survived to discharge. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Cats sustaining canine bite wounds have a good overall prognosis for survival to discharge. High ATT score, high SS, multiple body area injuries, penetrating injuries, radiographic evidence of vertebral body fractures and body wall abnormalities, as well as hypoproteinaemia and elevated alanine aminotransferase, are negative predictors of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Klainbart
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Shipov
- Small Animal Surgery, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Madhala
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liron D Oron
- Knowledge Farm Specialty Referral Center, Beit Berl, Israel
| | - Tomer Weingram
- Herzliya Veterinary Hospital, Ben Gurion 26 Herzliya, Israel
| | - Gilad Segev
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Kelmer
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Gougeon E, Larcher T, Ledevin M, McGrotty Y, Méheust P. Myopathy with oval inclusions in a domestic shorthair cat. JFMS Open Rep 2022; 8:20551169221081418. [PMID: 35356305 PMCID: PMC8958517 DOI: 10.1177/20551169221081418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary An 18-month-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was presented with a 2-month history of collapse and severe weakness, particularly affecting the pelvic limbs. A biceps femoris muscle biopsy revealed excessive variability in myofibre size, mild necrosis, minimal centronucleation and scattered 10 μm intracytoplasmic oval inclusions. The inclusions appeared amphophilic with haematoxylin and eosin, blue with Gomori trichrome and unstained with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase tetrazolium reductase staining. ATPase staining revealed a normal mosaic pattern and atrophy of both type 1 and 2 myofibres. The pathological diagnosis was a myopathy with inclusions. In contrast to previous feline myofibre inclusions previously reported in the literature, inclusions were not identified after immunohistochemistry using anti-desmin, tubulin, spectrin, laminin, LAMP and LC3 antibodies. After supportive care and corticosteroid treatment, clinical improvement was noted and the cat was discharged 10 days after initial presentation. Clinical and neurological re-examinations were performed at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months after discharge. Owner contact at both 10 and 30 months post-discharge confirmed that persistent muscular weakness was present. Relevance and novel information This case report describes a novel and slowly progressive feline myopathy associated with oval amphophilic inclusions unreactive to immunostaining, which have not been previously reported in feline myopathies.
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Chow JL, Lam A, Shelton GD. Progressive increases in creatine kinase activity in an anorexic cat with necrotising myopathy. JFMS Open Rep 2021; 7:20551169211031790. [PMID: 34350026 PMCID: PMC8287364 DOI: 10.1177/20551169211031790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 5-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat with weight loss and reduced
appetite was evaluated for increased and progressively rising creatine kinase (CK)
activity. The cat had recently been diagnosed with hepatic lipidosis. Muscle biopsy and
histopathology revealed mild myonecrosis and phagocytosis without obvious inflammatory
cell infiltrates. Resolution of necrotising myopathy was observed after a short course
of anti-inflammatory prednisolone and nutritional supplementation. Relevance and novel information This is the first report of a necrotising myopathy in a cat associated with
progressively increasing CK activity and decreased appetite. Anorexia in cats has been
associated with increased CK activity, but an underlying cause of this CK elevation has
only been postulated. Here we document muscle necrosis and muscle stiffness in a cat
with anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Ly Chow
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amy Lam
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Updates on Laboratory Evaluation of Feline Cardiac Diseases. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8030041. [PMID: 33802401 PMCID: PMC8000286 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory tests can be altered in cardiovascular diseases and the investigation of specific tests or biomarkers may provide additional information about myocardial damage. Traditional laboratory tests, such as cell blood count, serum biochemistry, and coagulation, can be useful in investigating patients, but are not specific. However, markers like Troponin and Natriuretic Peptides may possibly furnish further data on myocardium damage and can be used in both studying and monitoring cats with cardiac disease. Moreover, the evaluation of the thyroid profile is very important as hyperthyroid cats concomitant cardiovascular diseases are very common and they can also be a direct consequence of endocrinopathy. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide the widest possible overview of what is present in the literature about the feline clinical pathology of heart diseases through a rational division of the main alterations of traditional tests and biomarkers.
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Dunaevich A, Chen H, Musseri D, Kuzi S, Mazaki-Tovi M, Aroch I, Segev G. Acute on chronic kidney disease in dogs: Etiology, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, prognostic markers, and survival. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:2507-2515. [PMID: 33044036 PMCID: PMC7694831 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute exacerbation of CKD (ACKD) are common in dogs. OBJECTIVE To characterize the etiology, clinical and laboratory findings, and short- and long-term prognosis of dogs with ACKD. ANIMALS One hundred dogs with ACKD. METHODS Medical records of dogs diagnosed with ACKD admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS The most common clinical signs included anorexia (84%), lethargy (77%), vomiting (55%) and diarrhea (37%). Presumptive etiology included inflammatory causes (30%), pyelonephritis (15%), ischemic causes (7%), other (3%), or unknown (45%). Median hospitalization time was 5 days (range, 2-29 days) and was significantly longer in survivors (6 days; range, 2-29 days) compared with nonsurvivors (4 days; range, 2-20 days; P < .001). Mortality rate was 35%. International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) acute kidney injury (AKI) grade at presentation was associated (P = .009) with short-term survival, but presumptive etiology was not (P = .46). On multivariable analysis; respiratory rate (P = .01), creatine kinase (CK) activity (P = .005) and serum creatinine concentration (SCR; P = .04) at presentation were associated with short-term outcome. Median survival time of dogs discharged was 105 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 25-184), with 35 and 8 dogs surviving up to 6 and 12 months, respectively. Presumptive etiology (P = .16) and SCR (P = .59) at discharge were not predictors of long-term survival. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Short-term outcome of dogs with ACKD is comparable to those with AKI but long-term prognosis is guarded. The IRIS AKI grade at presentation is a prognostic indicator of short-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asia Dunaevich
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hilla Chen
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Danielle Musseri
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sharon Kuzi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Mazaki-Tovi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Itamar Aroch
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gilad Segev
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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A Clinical Investigation on Serum Amyloid A Concentration in Client-Owned Healthy and Diseased Cats in a Primary Care Animal Hospital. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7020045. [PMID: 32326517 PMCID: PMC7355685 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although measurement of serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration in client-owned cats has already been shown to be clinically useful, limited data are available on common diseases at primary care hospitals. In this study, we measured the SAA concentration in cats with various diseases and investigated their clinical significance using a primary care hospital as a population. We measured the SAA concentrations in healthy cats (n = 98) and those with various clinical signs (n = 444). The SAA concentrations in healthy cats did not differ significantly by age, breed, sex, and presence/absence of neutering/spaying. The SAA concentrations were significantly higher in the diseased cat group than in the healthy cat group (p < 0.001). We observed significant increases in SAA concentrations in cats with confirmed diagnosis of inflammatory disease such as upper respiratory tract infections (p < 0.001), pneumonia (p < 0.001), pyometra (p = 0.001), and feline infectious peritonitis (p < 0.001), compared with those observed in healthy cats. Conversely, no increase was observed in cardiomyopathy, hyperthyroidism, and diabetes mellitus without systemic inflammation. In univariate analysis, survival at 30 days (p = 0.03) differed significantly between the low and high SAA concentration groups, but not at 180 days. In multivariate analysis, survival at 30 days did not significantly affect SAA concentration. Measurement of SAA concentration is a useful biomarker for detecting the presence or absence of inflammation in diseased cats. However, it may not be useful as a biomarker for determining the prognosis of the disease.
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Du X, Liu X, Mawolo JB, Wang H, Mi X, Dong J, Li Q, Wen Y. Determination of haematological and biochemical parameters of Calf Saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) living in the Gansu Endangered Animals Research Center. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:591-599. [PMID: 31981463 PMCID: PMC7397877 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) is native to Eurasia and is a member of the family Bovidae. Prior to 1920, the antelope had been extensively hunted for its horns, which were used in traditional Chinese medicine. Since 1920, the Saiga antelope has been protected because of this extensive hunting, which nearly led to its extinction. OBJECTIVE The study evaluated haematological and biochemical parameters to provide references for the Calf Saiga antelope (S. tatarica). The study also sought to explore the mechanisms affecting these parameters in both genders of the Calf Saiga antelope. METHODS Haematological and biochemical parameters were collected from the Calf Saiga antelope. Haematological and biochemical parameters were analysed by the Coulter counter and Automatic analyser, respectively. RESULTS The average concentrations of female triglyceride levels showed significantly higher values than the significant concentrations of male. Female red blood cells and platelets concentrations were statistically significant than the significant concentrations of males. Magnesium female concentrations were also significantly higher than male values. Other parameters showed differences between males and females. CONCLUSION The reported results show that haematological and biochemical characteristics varied among Calf Saiga antelope and other animals. The study results suggest that regardless of the factors, breed, the breeding environment, and climatic variables, haematological and biochemical variations can be triggered that can result in a reduction in the heat production needed for maintenance of homeothermy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - James Blackar Mawolo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifang Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Mi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Wen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
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14
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Nivy R, Kaplanov A, Kuzi S, Mazaki-Tovi M, Yas E, Segev G, Ben-Oz J, Lavy E, Aroch I. A retrospective study of 157 hospitalized cats with pancreatitis in a tertiary care center: Clinical, imaging and laboratory findings, potential prognostic markers and outcome. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1874-1885. [PMID: 30315665 PMCID: PMC6271303 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatitis in cats (FP) has been increasingly diagnosed in recent years, but clinical studies of large numbers of affected cats are scarce. OBJECTIVES To describe a large cohort of cats with FP requiring hospitalization. ANIMALS One hundred and fifty-seven client-owned cats. METHODS Retrospective study, including cats diagnosed with pancreatitis based on sonographic evidence, positive SNAP feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity test results, increased 1,2-o-dilauryl-rac-glycerol-glutaric Acid-(6'-methylresorufin ester)-lipase activity, histopathology, or some combination of these. RESULTS One-hundred and twenty-two cats (77.7%) survived to discharge. Median time from onset of clinical signs to presentation was longer (P = .003) in nonsurvivors. Causes of FP included recent general anesthesia, trauma, hemodynamic compromise, and organophosphate intoxication, but most cases (86.6%) were idiopathic. Ultrasonographic findings consistent with pancreatitis were documented in 134 cats, including pancreatomegaly (81.3%), decreased (31.3%), or increased (14.9%) pancreatic echogenicity, extra-hepatic biliary tract dilatation (24%), and increased peri-pancreatic echogenicity (13%). Lethargy (P = .003), pleural effusion (P = .003), hypoglycemia (P = .007), ionized hypocalcemia (P = .016), azotemia (P = .014), parenteral nutrition administration (P = .013), and persistent anorexia during hospitalization (P = .001) were more frequent in nonsurvivors, whereas antibiotics were more frequently administered to survivors (P = .023). Nevertheless, when Bonferroni's correction for multiple comparisons was applied, none of the variables was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Previously unreported, clinically relevant, potential prognostic factors, including hypoglycemia, azotemia, parenteral nutrition, and withholding antibacterial treatment were identified in this exploratory study. These preliminary results should be examined further in confirmatory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Nivy
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine - Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alina Kaplanov
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine - Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sharon Kuzi
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine - Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Mazaki-Tovi
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine - Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Einat Yas
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine - Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gilad Segev
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine - Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jennifer Ben-Oz
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine - Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Lavy
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine - Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Itamar Aroch
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine - Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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15
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Klainbart S, Agi L, Bdolah-Abram T, Kelmer E, Aroch I. Clinical, laboratory, and hemostatic findings in cats with naturally occurring sepsis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 251:1025-1034. [PMID: 29035656 DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.9.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize clinical and laboratory findings in cats with naturally occurring sepsis, emphasizing hemostasis-related findings, and evaluate these variables for associations with patient outcomes. DESIGN Prospective, observational, clinical study. ANIMALS 31 cats with sepsis and 33 healthy control cats. PROCEDURES Data collected included history; clinical signs; results of hematologic, serum biochemical, and hemostatic tests; diagnosis; and outcome (survival vs death during hospitalization or ≤ 30 days after hospital discharge). Differences between cats with and without sepsis and associations between variables of interest and death were analyzed statistically. RESULTS The sepsis group included cats with pyothorax (n = 10), septic peritonitis (7), panleukopenia virus infection (5), bite wounds (5), abscesses and diffuse cellulitis (3), and pyometra (1). Common clinical abnormalities included dehydration (21 cats), lethargy (21), anorexia (18), pale mucous membranes (15), and dullness (15). Numerous clinicopathologic abnormalities were identified in cats with sepsis; novel findings included metarubricytosis, hypertriglyceridemia, and high circulating muscle enzyme activities. Median activated partial thromboplastin time and plasma D-dimer concentrations were significantly higher, and total protein C and antithrombin activities were significantly lower, in the sepsis group than in healthy control cats. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy was uncommon (4/22 [18%] cats with sepsis). None of the clinicopathologic abnormalities were significantly associated with death on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cats with sepsis had multiple hematologic, biochemical, and hemostatic abnormalities on hospital admission, including several findings suggestive of hemostatic derangement. Additional research including larger numbers of cats is needed to further investigate these findings and explore associations with outcome.
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16
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Mcalees TJ, Abraham LA. Australian elapid snake envenomation in cats: Clinical priorities and approach. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 19:1131-1147. [PMID: 29068247 PMCID: PMC10816621 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x17735761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Practical relevance: No fewer than 140 species of terrestrial snakes reside in Australia, 92 of which possess venom glands. With the exception of the brown tree snake, the venom-producing snakes belong to the family Elapidae. The venom of a number of elapid species is more toxic than that of the Indian cobra and eastern diamondback rattle snake, which has earned Australia its reputation for being home to the world's most venomous snakes. Clinical challenges: The diagnosis of elapid snake envenomation is not always easy. Identification of Australian snakes is not straightforward and there are no pathognomonic clinical signs. In cats, diagnosis of envenomation is confounded by the fact that, in most cases, there is a delay in seeking veterinary attention, probably because snake encounters are not usually witnessed by owners, and also because of the tendency of cats to hide and seek seclusion when unwell. Although the administration of antivenom is associated with improved outcomes, the snake venom detection kit and antivenom are expensive and so their use may be precluded if there are financial constraints. Evidence base: In providing comprehensive guidance on the diagnosis and treatment of Australian elapid snake envenomation in cats, the authors of this review draw on the published veterinary, medical and toxicology literature, as well as their professional experience as specialists in medicine, and emergency medicine and critical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda A Abraham
- Centre for Animal Referral and Emergency, Melbourne, Australia
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17
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Kuzi S, Segev G, Kedar S, Yas E, Aroch I. Prognostic markers in feline hepatic lipidosis: a retrospective study of 71 cats. Vet Rec 2017; 181:512. [PMID: 28978714 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Feline hepatic lipidosis (HL) is a common, potentially life-threatening disease resulting from prolonged anorexia and increased catabolism. This retrospective study included cats diagnosed with HL based on liver cytology or histopathology (years 2004-2015), and aimed to identify clinical and laboratory parameters associated with mortality. The study included 71 cats (47 females and 24 males) and 85 control cats with non-HL diseases. Most HL cats (90 per cent) were mixed breed, neutered (70; 99 per cent), female (47; 66 per cent), indoor cats (56; 79 per cent), fed dry commercial diets (44 cats; 62 per cent), and with a median age of 7.5 years (range 1.5-16.0). Common primary conditions included gastrointestinal diseases, pancreatitis and cholangiohepatitis (31 cats; 44 per cent) and stressful events (14; 20 per cent). HL was idiopathic in 20 cats (28 per cent). The overall mortality was 38 per cent (27/71 cats). Older age, as well as dullness, weakness, ptyalism, hypoproteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, increased serum creatine kinase activity, hypocholesterolaemia and hepatic failure at presentation were significantly (P≤0.033) associated with mortality. The primary disease was unassociated with mortality. Worsening hypoalbuminaemia, hyperammonaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, electrolyte disorders, and occurrence of cavitary effusions or hypotension during hospitalisation were significantly (P≤0.045) associated with mortality. A decrease of serum β-hydroxybutyrate during hospitalisation was significantly (P=0.01) associated with survival, likely reflecting improvement in the catabolic state. The identified risk factors may be therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Kuzi
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gilad Segev
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shay Kedar
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Einat Yas
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Itamar Aroch
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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18
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Mayousse V, Jeandel A, Blanchard-Gutton N, Escriou C, Gnirs K, Shelton GD, Blot S. Evaluation of coexisting polymyositis in feline myasthenia gravis: A case series. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:804-815. [PMID: 28687435 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acquired myasthenia gravis (MG) is relatively uncommon in cats. In humans, MG may be associated with other immune-mediated disorders, in particular polymyositis (PM). In this study, we described in-depth electrodiagnostic findings and pathological changes in muscles of cats diagnosed with MG, and assessed the presence of concurrent PM. Six cats with confirmed acetylcholine receptor antibody seropositive MG, and two suspected cases with clinical signs and electrophysiological changes consistent with MG, were reviewed. All animals presented with severe typical signs of generalized weakness and/or fatigability, resembling late-onset MG in humans, in addition to regurgitation. Five cats presented a cranial mediastinal mass, with 3 confirmed as thymoma. Repetitive nerve stimulation revealed a decrement of the compound muscle action potential in all tested cases, starting from low frequencies of stimulation. Serum creatine kinase activity was increased in 6/8 cats. Muscle biopsies performed in 5 cats revealed varying degrees of mixed mononuclear cell infiltrates, positive for the leukocyte markers CD3/CD4/CD8 and CD11b. Further MHC-1/C5b-9 positive sarcolemmal deposits were identified in all tested cases, with or without thymoma. This study documents an association of MG and PM in cats, and provides further support for feline MG as a relevant animal model of human MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mayousse
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), Unité de Neurologie, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; Inserm, IMRB U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, 8 rue du général Sarrail, 94000 Créteil, France.
| | - Aurélien Jeandel
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), Unité de Neurologie, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nicolas Blanchard-Gutton
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, 8 rue du général Sarrail, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Catherine Escriou
- Unité de Neurologie, VetAgro-Sup, Campus Veterinaire de Lyon, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Kirsten Gnirs
- Clinique Advetia, 5 rue Dubrunfaut, 75012 Paris, France
| | - G Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0709, USA
| | - Stéphane Blot
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), Unité de Neurologie, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; Inserm, IMRB U955-E10 Biology of the Neuromuscular System, 8 rue du général Sarrail, 94000 Créteil, France
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19
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Hiebert EC, Gambino J, Kepler D, Beasley M. What Is Your Neurologic Diagnosis? Intervertebral Disk Disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 248:59-62. [PMID: 26684091 DOI: 10.2460/javma.248.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Parys M, Nelson N, Koehl K, Miller R, Kaneene JB, Kruger JM, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V. Safety of Intraperitoneal Injection of Adipose Tissue-Derived Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cats. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 30:157-63. [PMID: 26512713 PMCID: PMC4913639 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammatory diseases are common in cats and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a promising therapeutic approach for management of these disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of intraperitoneal injection of MSC in cats. Hypothesis Intrapertioneal injection of autologous MSC in cats is safe. Animals Ten healthy adult purpose‐bred cats. Methods Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue collected during ovariohysterectomy and characterized for expression of CD90, CD105 and CD44 and trilineage differentiation. Three weeks postoperatively a complete blood count, serum chemistry profile, urinalysis, and abdominal ultrasound were performed. Five cats then received 1 × 106 of autologous MSC/kg of body weight intraperitoneally with ultrasound guidance; 5 additional cats were sham injected. Cats were monitored for 6 weeks with daily physical examinations and weekly clinicopathological evaluations. Abdominal ultrasonography was repeated at weeks 1 and 5 after injection. Results Serious adverse effects were not observed in any MSC‐injected cat. Two animals developed transient lethargy and decreased activity. Jejunal lymph node size was increased in MSC‐injected cats compared to controls at weeks 1 (1.38 ± 0.25 versus 0.88 ± 0.25 cm2; P = .036) and 5 (1.75 ± 0.82 versus 0.79 ± 0.12 cm2; P = .047). A hyperechoic renal segmental cortical lesion was observed in 1 MSC‐injected cat. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Intraperitoneal MSC injection was well tolerated with only mild, self‐limiting adverse effects being observed in 2 cats. This route provides a safe means of administration for cell‐based treatment in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Parys
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - N Nelson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - K Koehl
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - R Miller
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.,Center for Population, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - J B Kaneene
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.,Center for Population, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - J M Kruger
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - V Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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21
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Korn AK, Gross M, Usleber E, Thom N, Köhler K, Erhardt G. Dietary ergot alkaloids as a possible cause of tail necrosis in rabbits. Mycotoxin Res 2014; 30:241-50. [PMID: 25234267 PMCID: PMC4202174 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-014-0208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the association between tail necrosis in rabbits and mycotoxins in rabbit feed. Clinical cases of tail necrosis were observed in 14 out of 103 rabbits kept in an outdoor group housing, fed with hay and a commercial pelleted feed. The observed clinical symptoms, alopecia, erosions, crusts and necrosis were restricted to the tail area and exclusively occurred in young rabbits aged 113 ± 20 days. Dermatological examination suggested that ischemia had caused necrosis. Analysis of blood samples showed an elevated level of creatine kinase. No weight loss occurred in affected rabbits. Trauma caused by injuries or technopathic lesions was also excluded. Histopathologically, the lesions were characterized by acute muscle fibre degeneration and chronic active dermatitis with granulation tissue formation. Necropsy of one rabbit revealed hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis as remarkable findings. Feed analysis for ergot alkaloids by enzyme immunoassays yielded a mean and maximum ergot alkaloid content of 410 ± 250 μg/kg and 1,700 μg/kg, respectively. Faeces of affected rabbits contained ergot alkaloids at levels up to 200 μg/kg. The mean and maximum dietary intake of total ergot alkaloids were 17 and 71 μg/kg bodyweight, respectively. Fusarium toxins (trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins) were also found in the feed, but at levels which did not explain the observed effects. The results indicate that ergot alkaloids may have been the cause of tail necrosis, which is supported by literature data showing that rabbits are especially sensitive towards these toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Korn
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University, Ludwigstrasse 21b, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - M. Gross
- Institute of Veterinary Food Science, Dairy Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Ludwigstrasse 21, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - E. Usleber
- Institute of Veterinary Food Science, Dairy Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Ludwigstrasse 21, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - N. Thom
- Clinic for Small Animals, Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Strasse 126, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - K. Köhler
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Strasse 96, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - G. Erhardt
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University, Ludwigstrasse 21b, 35390 Giessen, Germany
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22
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Klainbart S, Kelmer E, Vidmayer B, Bdolah-Abram T, Segev G, Aroch I. Peripheral and central venous blood glucose concentrations in dogs and cats with acute arterial thromboembolism. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:1513-9. [PMID: 25041102 PMCID: PMC4895584 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute limb paralysis because of arterial thromboembolism (ATE) occurs in cats and less commonly in dogs. ATE is diagnosed based on physical examination findings and, occasionally, advanced imaging. Hypothesis/Objectives Peripheral, affected limb venous glucose concentration is decreased in ATE, whereas its systemic concentration is within or above reference interval. Animals Client‐owned cats and dogs were divided into 3 respective groups: acute limb paralysis because of ATE (22 cats and 9 dogs); acute limb paralysis secondary to orthopedic or neurologic conditions (nonambulatory controls; 10 cats and 11 dogs); ambulatory animals presented because of various diseases (ambulatory controls; 10 cats and 9 dogs). Methods Prospective observational, clinical study. Systemic and local (affected limb) blood glucose concentrations were measured. Their absolute and relative differences (ΔGlu and %ΔGlu, respectively) were compared among groups. Results ΔGlu and %ΔGlu were significantly higher in the ATE cats and dogs groups, compared to both of their respective controls (P < .0001 and P < .001, respectively). No significant differences were observed between the control groups. Receiver operator characteristics analysis of ΔGlu and %ΔGlu as predictors of ATE had area under the curve of 0.96 and 0.99 in cats, respectively, and 1.00 and 1.00, in dogs, respectively. ΔGlu cutoffs of 30 mg/dL and 16 mg/dL, in cats and dogs, respectively, corresponded to sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 90% in cats, respectively, and 100% in dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance ΔGlu and %ΔGlu are accurate, readily available, diagnostic markers of acute ATE in paralyzed cats and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Klainbart
- Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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