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Guan Q, Li Y, Zhong Y, Liu W, Zhang J, Yu X, Ou R, Zeng G. A review of struvite crystallization for nutrient source recovery from wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118383. [PMID: 37348306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient recovery from wastewater not only reduces the nutrient load on water resources but also alleviates the environmental problems in aquatic ecosystems, which is a solution to achieve a sustainable society. Besides, struvite crystallization technology is considered a potential nutrient recovery technology because the precipitate obtained can be reused as a slow-release fertilizer. This review presents the basic properties of struvite and the theory of the basic crystallization process. In addition, the possible influencing variables of the struvite crystallization process on the recovery efficiency and product purity are also examined in detail. Then, the advanced auxiliary technologies for facilitating the struvite crystallization process are systematically discussed. Moreover, the economic and environmental benefits of the struvite crystallization process for nutrient recovery are introduced. Finally, the shortcomings and inadequacies of struvite crystallization technology are presented, and future research prospects are provided. This work serves as the foundation for the future use of struvite crystallization technology to recover nutrients in response to the increasingly serious environmental problems and resource depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guan
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Yingpeng Li
- Haixi (Fujian) Institute, China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology Group, Sanming, 365500, PR China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jiajie Zhang
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Ranwen Ou
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China.
| | - Guisheng Zeng
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, PR China.
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Sniatala B, Kurniawan TA, Sobotka D, Makinia J, Othman MHD. Macro-nutrients recovery from liquid waste as a sustainable resource for production of recovered mineral fertilizer: Uncovering alternative options to sustain global food security cost-effectively. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159283. [PMID: 36208738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global food security, which has emerged as one of the sustainability challenges, impacts every country. As food cannot be generated without involving nutrients, research has intensified recently to recover unused nutrients from waste streams. As a finite resource, phosphorus (P) is largely wasted. This work critically reviews the technical applicability of various water technologies to recover macro-nutrients such as P, N, and K from wastewater. Struvite precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, and membrane filtration are applied for nutrient recovery. Technological strengths and drawbacks in their applications are evaluated and compared. Their operational conditions such as pH, dose required, initial nutrient concentration, and treatment performance are presented. Cost-effectiveness of the technologies for P or N recovery is also elaborated. It is evident from a literature survey of 310 published studies (1985-2022) that no single technique can effectively and universally recover target macro-nutrients from liquid waste. Struvite precipitation is commonly used to recover over 95 % of P from sludge digestate with its concentration ranging from 200 to 4000 mg/L. The recovered precipitate can be reused as a fertilizer due to its high content of P and N. Phosphate removal of higher than 80 % can be achieved by struvite precipitation when the molar ratio of Mg2+/PO43- ranges between 1.1 and 1.3. The applications of artificial intelligence (AI) to collect data on critical parameters control optimization, improve treatment effectiveness, and facilitate water utilities to upscale water treatment plants. Such infrastructure in the plants could enable the recovered materials to be reused to sustain food security. As nutrient recovery is crucial in wastewater treatment, water treatment plant operators need to consider (1) the costs of nutrient recovery techniques; (2) their applicability; (3) their benefits and implications. It is essential to note that the treatment cost of P and/or N-laden wastewater depends on the process applied and local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Sniatala
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Dominika Sobotka
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Makinia
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Yesigat A, Worku A, Mekonnen A, Bae W, Feyisa GL, Gatew S, Han JL, Liu W, Wang A, Guadie A. Phosphorus recovery as K-struvite from a waste stream: A review of influencing factors, advantages, disadvantages and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114086. [PMID: 35970377 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the depletion of natural resources and contamination of the surrounding environment demand a paradigm shift to resource recycling and reuse. In this regard, phosphorus (P) is a model nutrient that possesses the negative traits of depletion (will be exhausted in the next 100 years) and environmental degradation (causes eutrophication and climate change), and this has prompted the scientific community to search for options to solve P-related problems. To date, P recovery in the form of struvite from wastewater is one viable solution suggested by many scholars. Struvite can be recovered either in the form of NH4-struvite (MgNH4PO4•6H2O) or K-struvite (MgKPO4•6H2O). From struvite, K (MgKPO4•6H2O) and N (MgNH4PO4•6H2O) are important nutrients for plant growth, but N is more abundant in the environment than K (the soil's most limited nutrient), which requires a systematic approach during P recovery. Although K-struvite recovery is a promising approach, information related to its crystallization is deficient. Here, we present the general concept of P recovery as struvite and details about K-struvite, such as the source of nutrients, factors (pH, molar ratio, supersaturation, temperature, and seeding), advantages (environmental, economic, and social), disadvantages (heavy metals, pathogenic organisms, and antibiotic resistance genes), and challenges (scale-up and acceptance). Overall, this study provides insights into state-of-the-art K-struvite recovery from wastewater as a potential slow-release fertilizer that can be used as a macronutrient (P-K-Mg) source for plants as commercial grade-fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asamin Yesigat
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, 16417, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Worku
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, 16417, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Mekonnen
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wookeun Bae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, 16417, Ethiopia
| | - Gudina Legese Feyisa
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Shetie Gatew
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch 21, Ethiopia
| | - Jing-Long Han
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Wenzong Liu
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Aijie Wang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
| | - Awoke Guadie
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch 21, Ethiopia; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
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Ramaswamy J, Solaiappan V, Albasher G, Alamri O, Alsultan N, Sathiasivan K. Process optimization of struvite recovered from slaughterhouse wastewater and its fertilizing efficacy in amendment of biofertilizer. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113011. [PMID: 35288154 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intensive discharge of slaughterhouse waste into water bodies increases Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) in the wastewater and leads to various environmental problems. On the other hand, the increasing treatment effort after the extraction of these valuable nutrients in the commercial fertilizer reduces the dependence on scarce phosphate resources. The viable solution is to recover N, P as struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) from nutrient rich waste water as a small scale treatment unit application. The main parameters that have a significant impact on the process, including pH, Mg: P ratio, and precipitation time, were investigated from slaughterhouse wastewater using a central composite design and the experimental data's were statistically analysed. The results indicated that pH and Mg/P ratio level had a significant impact and thus 85% struvite precipitation efficiency was achieved at 9.6 pH and 1.5 dose mol ratio (mol Mg per mol P), in an inexpensive, stirred tank batch reactor with a retention time of 70 min. The fertilization efficiency was tested on the growth of Solanum melongena L with the obtained struvite and the integration of struvite with the Azospirullum rhizobium and Bacillus megaterium. Treatment of struvite, struvite with Azospirillum rhizobium and Bacillus megaterium increased growth parameters by 10%, 20%, and 25%, respectively, over control. The assessment of growth factors showed the most amazing number of fruits, shoots, and root length in a standard ratio of 60:40 of struvite to bio-inoculants compared to sole struvite fertilizer. Findings of this study would be beneficial to determine the feasibility of slaughterhouse waste as a phosphorus source for struvite recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyalakshmi Ramaswamy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of E & T, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishali Solaiappan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of E & T, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gadah Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud Alamri
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alsultan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Kiruthika Sathiasivan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of E & T, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Li X, Zhao X, Zhang J, Hao J, Zhang Q. Struvite crystallization by using active serpentine: An innovative application for the economical and efficient recovery of phosphorus from black water. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118678. [PMID: 35752092 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recovery of phosphorus from wastewater through struvite crystallization is one of the most attractive methods. However, the cost of chemical consumption makes this technology is unattractive to some extent. In this work, highly active serpentine was prepared by one-step mechanical activation and then used to recover phosphate as struvite from the black water containing 132.8 mg/L phosphorus and 3144 mg/L ammonia nitrogen. The results indicated that the prepared active serpentine can release magnesium ions and hydroxide ions simultaneously into an aqueous solution and is an ideal raw material for struvite crystallization. The factors for phosphorus recovery in this process mainly include mechanical activation intensity, serpentine dosage, and contact time. For the actual black water, a high recovery rate of phosphorus (>98%) is achieved by using active serpentine as the magnesium and alkali source for struvite precipitation. The recovery product was identified as struvite with a median particle size of 32.96 μm. It was confirmed that the mechanical activation damaged the crystal structure of the raw serpentine, improving the activity of Mg2+ and OH-. The undissolved Si-containing particles act as crystal seeds, accelerating the struvite crystallization process. Furthermore, a pilot-scale test was conducted with a rural public toilet in Xiong'an New District, Hebei Province. The results showed that an acceptable phosphorus recovery (98%) could be achieved using active serpentine. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the serpentine process to recover phosphate as struvite reduced the cost by 54.4% in compared with an ordinary chemical process. The active serpentine is a promising dual source of magnesium and alkali for the phosphorus recovery by the struvite method. It has a potential prospect for the large-scale application in phosphorus recovery and struvite fertilizer production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341119, PR China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Jingwei Hao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Qiwu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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Wang Z, Xiong Z, Yang L, Lai L, Xiao H, Ding Y, Luo X. Enhancing nitrogen removal in mature landfill leachate by mixed microalgae through elimination of inhibiting factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154530. [PMID: 35292314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen removal from landfill leachate (LL) using microalgae is a promising method and can realize CO2 mitigation. But the performances are usually inhibited by high chromaticity, high free ammonia (FAN) and some complex macro molecular organic matter (MOM) in the LL. To achieve efficient nitrogen removal from LL, this study firstly pretreated the mature LL with ozone, decolorizer and activated sludge (AS) respectively, and then inoculated with mixed microalgae. The results showed that the synergistic effect of ozonation and microalgae was the best among the three, with 99.7% ammonia removal, 0.77 g/L (dry weight) microalgae biomass, and a maximum growth rate of 160 mg/L/d. Ozonation pretreatment significantly reduced the chromaticity and macromolecular organic matter of LL, with the chromaticity reduced from 2225 to 225 times and the 3D fluorescence intensity representing MOM reduced from 4089 a.u. to 986.1 a.u.. And it was found that the mixed microalgae grown after pretreatment by three different methods all were mostly Chlorella and very few Microcystis, and the density of microalgal populations (number of cells per unit volume) after ozonation was up to 10,650 cells/μL. This work provides a feasible and an economical way to remove ammonia nitrogen (NH+ 4-N) from landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangbao Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Zhensheng Xiong
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China.
| | - Liming Yang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Ling Lai
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Yanyan Ding
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Xubiao Luo
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China.
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ARAS Ç, DEMİRATA B, SÖZGEN BAŞKAN K. Enrichment of Magnesite and Usage to Obtain Magnesium Fluoride. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1070017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Wu X, Xie R, Ding J, Dai L, Ke X, Liu Y, Chen R, Qian Q, Ding R, Liu J, Van der Bruggen B. Recovery of phosphate and ammonium nitrogen as struvite from aqueous solutions using a magnesium-air cell system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:152006. [PMID: 34856253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The addition of alkaline and magnesium sources during the recovery of NH4+ and PO43- in the form of struvite using the traditional struvite precipitation method increases the production cost. To solve this problem, a magnesium-air cell (MAC) system was used herein to recover NH4+ and PO43- as struvite from wastewater using a magnesium strip (Mg2+) and the oxygen adsorbed on the surface of a titanium plate (OH-) as the anode and cathode, respectively. Experimental parameters (i.e. initial solution pH, temperature, NH4+/PO43- molar ratio, NH4+ and PO43- initial concentrations and stirring intensity) were found to affect the removal rate of NH4+ and PO43-. The presence of Ca2+ decreased the struvite purity. At Ca2+/PO43- ratios of 0:1 and 0.5:1, the purity of the obtained struvite after 6 h was 93.8% and 58.9%, respectively. Struvite with a purity of 95.7%, electricity with an average output power of 2.53 mW, and an energy density of 1.05 W/m2 were obtained when the proposed system was used to recover NH4+ and PO43- from an actual supernatant of domestic sludge anaerobic digestion. Scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses showed that the obtained struvite exhibited almost the same physicochemical properties as commercial struvite. Thus, the MAC system can be regarded as an effective method for recovering NH4+ and PO43- in the form of struvite from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wu
- School of Safety and Environment, Fujian Chuanzheng Communications College, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Rongrong Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Jianguo Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Liping Dai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Xiong Ke
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yaoxing Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, ProcESS-Process Engineering for Sustainable System, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Riyao Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Qingrong Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Rui Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Jianxi Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Bart Van der Bruggen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ProcESS-Process Engineering for Sustainable System, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Turan AZ, Turan M. A review on the application of nanoporous zeolite for sanitary landfill leachate treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:3425-3441. [PMID: 34928818 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review deals with low-cost nanoporous zeolites for the treatment of sanitary landfill leachate. Organic contaminants and ammoniacal nitrogen are significant parameters in landfill leachate treatment. Adsorption processes are regarded as promising alternative treatment options in this respect. Zeolites are aluminosilicate materials that are widely used in separation, filtration, adsorption and catalysis. Natural zeolite is a low-cost and readily available form of zeolite and is a promising candidate to be used as an ion-exchange material for ammonia and other inorganic pollutant removal from landfill leachate. In this review, adsorption isotherms and kinetic models in batch systems are evaluated and adsorption design parameters of the fixed-bed system are presented. Studies on ammonia removal from landfill leachate via zeolites have been thoroughly investigated. Leachate treatment systems combined with zeolites are presented. Cost of zeolites are also reported in comparison with other adsorbents. The investigated studies demonstrate that activated zeolite can improve the removal of chemical oxygen demand, NH3-N and colour significantly compared to the case where raw zeolite is used. Moreover, the composite of activated carbon and zeolite is also favorable for ammonia removal according to reported findings, where best adsorptive removal is attained on the composite media (24.39 mg/g).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mustafa Turan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey E-mail:
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Chen RF, Liu T, Rong HW, Zhong HT, Wei CH. Effect of Organic Substances on Nutrients Recovery by Struvite Electrochemical Precipitation from Synthetic Anaerobically Treated Swine Wastewater. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080594. [PMID: 34436357 PMCID: PMC8399473 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobically treated swine wastewater contains large amounts of orthophosphate phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen and organic substances with potential nutrients recovery via struvite electrochemical precipitation post-treatment. Lab-scale batch experiments were systematically conducted in this study to investigate the effects of initial pH, current density, organic substances upon nutrients removal, and precipitates quality (characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and element analysis via acid dissolution method) during the struvite electrochemical precipitation process. The optimal conditions for the initial pH of 7.0 and current density of 4 mA/cm2 favoured nutrients removal and precipitates quality (struvite purity of up to 94.2%) in the absence of organic substances. By contrast, a more adverse effect on nutrients removal, morphology and purity of precipitates was found by humic acid than by sodium alginate and bovine albumin in the individual presence of organic substances. Low concentration combination of bovine albumin, sodium alginate, and humic acid showed antagonistic inhibition effects, whereas a high concentration combination showed the accelerating inhibition effects. Initial pH adjustment from 7 to 8 could effectively mitigate the adverse effects on struvite electrochemical precipitation under high concentration combined with organic substances (500 mg/L bovine albumin, 500 mg/L sodium alginate, and 1500 mg/L humic acid); this may help improve struvite electrochemical precipitation technology in practical application for nutrients recovery from anaerobically treated swine wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Feng Chen
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.-F.C.); (T.L.); (H.-W.R.)
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.-F.C.); (T.L.); (H.-W.R.)
| | - Hong-Wei Rong
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.-F.C.); (T.L.); (H.-W.R.)
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhong
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Chun-Hai Wei
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.-F.C.); (T.L.); (H.-W.R.)
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-3936-6656
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Astals S, Martínez-Martorell M, Huete-Hernández S, Aguilar-Pozo VB, Dosta J, Chimenos JM. Nitrogen recovery from pig slurry by struvite precipitation using a low-cost magnesium oxide. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144284. [PMID: 33434803 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia nitrogen management is a recurrent problem in intensive livestock areas. Struvite precipitation stands as a mature technology to recover ammonia nitrogen and prevent associated environmental problems. However, the feasibility of struvite technology to recover ammonia nitrogen from pig manure is limited by the reagents cost. This research aimed to optimise the formulation of a stabilizing agent (SA) synthesised using an industrial low-grade MgO by-product (LG-MgO) and phosphoric acid for efficient TAN recovery via struvite precipitation. Experimental results showed that the H3PO4/LG-MgO ratio controls the magnesium phosphate mineral phase of the SA (bobierrite and/or newberyite). Newberyite-rich SA showed the highest TAN removal efficiency from pig manure (66-73%) compared to the SA formed by a mixture of newberyite and bobierrite (51-59%) and by bobierrite (26%). Particle size reduction of LG-MgO did not improve the SA's TAN removal efficiency, although XRD patterns showed that the precipitates from the TAN removal experiments contained some unreacted newberyite. The economic analysis showed that the higher reactivity of the SA formulated using higher H3PO4/LG-MgO ratios compensated reagent costs. The SA synthesised with a H3PO4/LG-MgO ratio of 0.98 showed the most economical treatment cost, which was estimated at 7.5 € per kg of ammonia nitrogen from pig manure. Finally, the optimum SA was successfully synthesised in a 200-L pilot plant, with a TAN removal capacity only 10% lower than the one synthesised at lab-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Astals
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Martínez-Martorell
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Huete-Hernández
- Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - V B Aguilar-Pozo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Dosta
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Chimenos
- Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Huang H, Guo G, Tang S, Li B, Li J, Zhao N. Persulfate oxidation for alternative sludge treatment and nutrient recovery: An assessment of technical and economic feasibility. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 272:111007. [PMID: 32677624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The introduce of tighter waste disposal regulations and increasing resource scarcity make the re-utilization of waste activated sludge a hot and crucial research topic. Compared with traditional sludge disposal technologies (e.g. landfill and incineration), advanced oxidation processes have been proven to be an environmentally friendly method for sludge stabilization and disintegration. However, the effectiveness of persulfate oxidation for sludge degradation, and the re-utilization of its embedded nutrients have been rarely reported. Therefore, this work is to investigate the technical and economic feasibility of using persulfate oxidation and struvite precipitation for sludge degradation and nutrient recovery. The results show that with the assistance of ultraviolet radiation, released phosphate and ammonia nitrogen from sludge could reach 233.4 and 265.6 mg/L. Besides, 92.8% phosphate and 32.6% ammonia-nitrogen could be recovered by struvite precipitation at a pH of 9.5, with an Mg: P molar ratio of 1.1:1. The economic analysis shows that the operational cost of the proposed process was 25% higher than traditional sludge disposal (267.5 $/ton), but its capital investment is much lower. Investigations on chemical dosage minimization, energy reclamation and process optimization are suggested to reduce the process's operating cost in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Huang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Guojun Guo
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
| | - Shoufeng Tang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, the University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jing Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Ning Zhao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
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13
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Shaddel S, Grini T, Andreassen JP, Østerhus SW, Ucar S. Crystallization kinetics and growth of struvite crystals by seawater versus magnesium chloride as magnesium source: towards enhancing sustainability and economics of struvite crystallization. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 256:126968. [PMID: 32428738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The recycling of nutrients from wastewater and their recovery in the form of valuable products is an effective strategy to accelerate the circular economy concept. Phosphorus recovery from wastewater by struvite crystallization (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) is one of the most applied techniques to compensate for the increasing demand and to slow down the depletion rate of phosphate rocks. Using low-cost magnesium sources, such as seawater, improves the financial sustainability of struvite production. In this study, the potential of seawater for struvite crystallization versus the commonly used magnesium source, MgCl2, was tested by crystal growth and kinetic experiments. The impact of ammonium concentration, magnesium concentration and pH on the growth kinetics of struvite in synthetic and real reject water were studied. The results showed that simultaneous precipitation of calcium phosphate was insignificant when using seawater, while presence of struvite seeds diminished it further. Among the supersaturation regulators, pH had the most significant effect on the struvite growth with both MgCl2 and seawater, while high N:P molar ratios further improved the struvite crystal growth by seawater. The N:P molar ratios higher than 6 and Mg:P molar ratios higher than 0.2 are recommended to improve the crystal growth kinetics. It was concluded that seawater is a promising alternative magnesium source and the control of supersaturation regulators (i.e., Mg:P, N:P and pH) is an effective strategy to control the reaction kinetics and product properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Shaddel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Tonje Grini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jens-Petter Andreassen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stein W Østerhus
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Seniz Ucar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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14
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Advances in Struvite Precipitation Technologies for Nutrients Removal and Recovery from Aqueous Waste and Wastewater. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The abatement of nutrient compounds from aqueous waste and wastewater is currently a priority issue. Indeed, the uncontrolled discharge of high levels of nutrients into water bodies causes serious deteriorations of environmental quality. On the other hand, the increasing request of nutrient compounds for agronomic utilizations makes it strictly necessary to identify technologies able to recover the nutrients from wastewater streams so as to avoid the consumption of natural resources. In this regard, the removal and recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from aqueous waste and wastewater as struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) represents an attractive approach. Indeed, through the struvite precipitation it is possible to effectively remove the ammonium and phosphate content of many types of wastewater and to produce a solid compound, with only a trace of impurities. This precipitate, due to its chemical characteristics, represents a valuable multi-nutrients slow release fertilizer for vegetables and plants growth. For these reasons, the struvite precipitation technology constantly progresses on several aspects of the process. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review on the recent developments in this technology for the removal and recovery of nutrients from aqueous waste and wastewater. The theoretical background, the parameters, and the operating conditions affecting the process evolution are initially presented. After that, the paper focuses on the reagents exploitable to promote the process performance, with particular regard to unconventional low-cost compounds. In addition, the development of reactors configurations, the main technologies implemented on field scale, as well as the recent works on the use of struvite in agronomic practices are presented.
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15
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Cai Y, Han Z, Lin X, Duan Y, Du J, Ye Z, Zhu J. Study on removal of phosphorus as struvite from synthetic wastewater using a pilot-scale electrodialysis system with magnesium anode. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138221. [PMID: 32320868 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Struvite precipitation may become ineffective in removing phosphorus due to the low concentration of phosphate in the liquid. In this study, electrolysis with a magnesium anode was applied to recovering phosphorus and ammonia as struvite from wastewater. A novel electrodialysis process (ED) with a magnesium anode was developed, and its feasibility to treat synthetic wastewater with low phosphate concentration was demonstrated in a pilot-scale experimental system. To achieve high phosphate removal efficiency in the product stream, the optimal initial pH and flow rate were found to be 8.8 and 200 L h-1, respectively, for the ED system at a constant current of 0.1 A. The pilot-scale ED system under the consecutive batch mode removed 65% phosphate from the synthetic wastewater containning 10 mg L-1P, and the phosphate concentration in the product stream was kept at 30 mg L-1 after 280 min. The running cost of the ED system was estimated to be $31.27 kg-1 P for synthetic wastewater with 10 mg L-1 P, mainly resulting from the cost of the loss of the magnesium anode. The precipitates generated from the product stream were confirmed as struvite by XRD analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Cai
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiying Han
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaochang Lin
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yalin Duan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianghui Du
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhangying Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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16
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Chen H, Long Q, Zhang Y, Wang S, Deng F. A novel method for the stabilization of soluble contaminants in electrolytic manganese residue: Using low-cost phosphogypsum leachate and magnesia/calcium oxide. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110384. [PMID: 32126412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) contains a large amount of NH4+-N and Mn2+ and can negatively impact the environment. A stabilization treatment of soluble contaminants in the EMR is necessary for its reuse and safe stacking. This study presents experimental results for the stabilization of NH4+-N and Mn2+ in the EMR using phosphogypsum leachate as a low-cost phosphate source and MgO/CaO (PLMC) process. The results demonstrated that the stabilization efficiency of NH4+-N and Mn2+ was 93.65% and 99.99%, respectively, under the following conditions: a phosphogypsum leachate dose of 1.5 mL g-1, an added MgO dose of 0.036 g g-1, an added CaO dose of 0.1 g g-1 and a reaction time of 2 h. The stabilization effect of the PLMC process was higher and more cost effective than that of using Na3PO4·12H2O and MgO/CaO. The concentration of NH4+-N and Mn2+ in the leaching liquor decreased to 80 mg L-1 and 0.5 mg L-1, respectively, after the stabilization under the optimum conditions. The stabilization characteristics indicated that NH4+-N was stabilized to form NH4MgPO4·6H2O (struvite) and that Mn2+ was stabilized to form Mn5(PO4)2(OH)4, Mn3(PO4)2·3H2O and Mn(OH)2. PO43--P, F-, and heavy metal ions of the phosphogypsum leachate were removed from the leaching liquor and stabilized in the treated EMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun, Guizhou, 561000, PR China.
| | - Qian Long
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun, Guizhou, 561000, PR China
| | - Yutao Zhang
- Engineering Technology Centre of Control and Remediation of Soil Contamination of Guizhou Provincial Science & Technology Bureau, Anshun University, Anshun, Guizhou, 561000, PR China
| | - Shangkun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun, Guizhou, 561000, PR China
| | - Feizhou Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun, Guizhou, 561000, PR China
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17
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Recovery of ammonium nitrogen from human urine by an open-loop hollow fiber membrane contactor. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Shaddel S, Grini T, Ucar S, Azrague K, Andreassen JP, Østerhus SW. Struvite crystallization by using raw seawater: Improving economics and environmental footprint while maintaining phosphorus recovery and product quality. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 173:115572. [PMID: 32062222 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seawater, as an alternative magnesium source, has the potential to improve the overall economics and environmental footprint of struvite production compared to the use of pure magnesium salts. However, the dilution effect and the presence of other ions in seawater can reduce the phosphorus recovery potential and the simultaneous precipitation of other compounds may reduce the quality of the produced struvite. This work presents a comparative study of seawater and MgCl2 by performing a series of thermodynamic equilibrium modeling and crystallization experiments. The results revealed that acceptable phosphorus recovery (80-90%) is achievable by using seawater as the magnesium source for struvite precipitation. Further, the simultaneous precipitation of calcium phosphates was successfully controlled and minimized by optimum selection of reaction pH and seawater volume (i.e. Mg:P and Mg:Ca molar ratios). The increase of temperature from 20 °C to 30 °C reduced the phosphorus recovery by 15-20% while it increased the particle size by 30-35%. The presence of suspended solids in reject water did not have significant effects on phosphorus recovery but it made the struvite separation difficult as the obtained struvite was mixed with suspended solids. The experimental results and economic evaluation showed that the use of seawater can reduce the chemical costs (30-50%) and the CO2-footprint (8-40%) of struvite production. It was concluded that seawater is a potential alternative to pure magnesium sources in struvite production, while studies in larger scale and continuous mode are needed for further verification before full-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Shaddel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Tonje Grini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Seniz Ucar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kamal Azrague
- SINTEF Community, Infrastructure Department, Water and Environment Group, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens-Petter Andreassen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stein W Østerhus
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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19
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Lavanya A, Sri Krishnaperumal Thanga R. Effective removal of phosphorous from dairy wastewater by struvite precipitation: process optimization using response surface methodology and chemical equilibrium modeling. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1709080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Addagada Lavanya
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, India
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20
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Ammonium Sulphate from a Bio-Refinery System as a Fertilizer—Agronomic and Economic Effectiveness on the Farm Scale. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12244721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a pot experiment aimed at the assessment of the agronomic and economic effectiveness of ammonium sulphate from an agro bio-refinery (Bio-AS). The Bio-AS was obtained by means of the ammonia stripping process from effluent after struvite precipitation from a liquid fraction of digestate. The agronomic effectiveness of Bio-AS in a pot experiment with maize and grass in two different soils, silty loam (SL) and loamy sand (LS), was investigated. The fertilising effect of Bio-AS was compared to commercial ammonium sulphate fertilizer (Com-AS) and control treatment (without fertilisation). The crop yields were found to depend on both soil type and nitrogen treatment. Crop yields produced under Bio-AS and Com-AS exceeded those under control treatments, respectively for SL and LS soils, by 88% and 125% for maize and 73% and 94% for grass. Crop yields under Bio-AS were similar to those under the Com-AS treatment. The fertilizer use of Bio-AS affected the chemical composition of plants and soil properties similarly as Com-AS. This suggests that Bio-AS from a bio-refinery can replace industrial ammonium sulphate, resulting in both economic and environmental benefits.
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21
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Gu N, Liu J, Ye J, Chang N, Li YY. Bioenergy, ammonia and humic substances recovery from municipal solid waste leachate: A review and process integration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122159. [PMID: 31558341 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High strength of organic matters and nitrogen are the most concerns in treatment of municipal solid waste leachate, but can be removed and recovered as bioenergy and fertilizer. A few review papers on leachate treatment technologies and single resource recovery have been published. However, none practical leachate treatment process towards multiple resources recovery has been worked out. In this paper, technologies of bioenergy, ammonia and humic substances recovery from municipal solid waste leachate are summarized. A two-stage anaerobic digestion comprising an expanded granular sludge bed reactor and an anaerobic membrane bioreactor is suggested to maximize methane production as bioenergy. Ammonia recovery by biogas recirculation with simultaneous calcium removal is proposed for the first time. Humic substances are suggested to be recovered as fertilizer from nanofiltration concentrate by membrane technology. A novel integrated leachate treatment process is proposed for resources recovery from leachate, with more environmental and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Gu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jiongjiong Ye
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ning Chang
- School of Statistics and Management, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, 777 GuoDing Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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22
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Wang F, Wei J, Zou X, Fu R, Li J, Wu D, Lv H, Zhu G, Wu X, Chen H. Enhanced electrochemical phosphate recovery from livestock wastewater by adjusting pH with plant ash. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 250:109473. [PMID: 31505382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the field of environmental wastewater treatment, it is a very meaningful topic to recover phosphate from swine wastewater in the form of struvite precipitation. The solution pH is one of the important influencing factors in the process of struvite precipitation. In this paper, an attempt was made to recover the phosphate from swine wastewater by adding plant ash. Experimental results have revealed that aeration can be replaced by optimal plant ash adding mode to increase the phosphate recovery efficiency. With the dosages of plant ash and magnesium metal were respectively 11.66 and 3.33 g/L the phosphate recovery efficiency reached 97.69% in 60 min. The efficiency was still above 95% after repeatedly using magnesium pellet for 3 times. The economic evaluation further revealed that the recovery cost of the proposed method was 0.62 $/kg PO4-P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong Uinversity of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiapu Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong Uinversity of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong Uinversity of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Rao Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong Uinversity of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Juncheng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong Uinversity of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong Uinversity of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hang Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong Uinversity of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guoliang Zhu
- Hubei Meichen Environmental Protection Science and Technology Co., Ltd., No. 6 Gaoxin Road, High-tech Zone, Jingmen, 448000, China
| | - Xu Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong Uinversity of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Huanchun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Lion Rock, Wuhan, 430070, China
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23
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Li B, Huang HM, Boiarkina I, Yu W, Huang YF, Wang GQ, Young BR. Phosphorus recovery through struvite crystallisation: Recent developments in the understanding of operational factors. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 248:109254. [PMID: 31306927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential element for life and is predicted to deplete within the next 100 years. Struvite crystallization is a potential phosphorus recovery technique to mitigate this problem by producing a slow release fertilizer. However, complex wastewater composition and a large number of process variables result in process uncertainties, making the process difficult to predict and control. This paper reviews the research progress on struvite crystallization fundamentals to address this challenge. The influence of manipulated variables (e.g. seed material, magnesium dosage and pH) and sources of variation on phosphorus removal efficiency (e.g. organics and heavy metal concentration) and product purity were investigated. Recently developed models to describe, control and optimize those variables were also discussed. This review helps to identify potential challenges in different wastewater streams and provide valuable information for future phosphorus recovery unit design. It therefore paves the way for commercialization of struvite crystallization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nan Yang Institute of Technology, Nan Yang, Henan, China; Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Hai Ming Huang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Irina Boiarkina
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yue Fei Huang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nan Yang Institute of Technology, Nan Yang, Henan, China
| | - Guang Qian Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nan Yang Institute of Technology, Nan Yang, Henan, China
| | - Brent R Young
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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24
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Zhang Z, She L, Zhang J, Wang Z, Xiang P, Xia S. Electrochemical acidolysis of magnesite to induce struvite crystallization for recovering phosphorus from aqueous solution. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:307-315. [PMID: 30939369 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel struvite crystallization method induced by electrochemical acidolysis of cheap magnesite was investigated to recover phosphorus from aqueous solution. Magnesite was confirmed to continuously dissolve in the anolyte whose pH stabilized at about 2. Driven by the electrical field force, over 90% of the released Mg2+ migrated to the cathode chamber via passing through the cation exchange membrane. The pH of the phosphate-containing aqueous solution in the cathode chamber was elevated to the appropriate pH fit for struvite crystallization. The products were identified as struvite crystals by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Increasing the magnesite dosage from 0.83 to 3.33 g L-1 promoted the phosphorus recovery efficiency from 2.2% to 78.3% at 3 d, which was attributed to sufficient Mg2+ supply. Increasing the applied voltage from 3 to 6 V improved the recovery efficiency from 43.6% to 76.4% at 1 d, since the enhanced current density of the electrochemical system markedly accelerated both the magnesite acidolysis and the catholyte pH elevation. The initial catholyte pH between 3 and 5 was found to benefit the phosphorus recovery due to the final catholyte pH fit for the struvite crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lu She
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College, Shanghai, 200432, China.
| | - Zuobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Pengyu Xiang
- Zhejiang Weiming Environment Protection Co., Ltd., Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Siqing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
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25
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Use of Calcined Dolomite as Chemical Precipitant in the Simultaneous Removal of Ammonium and Phosphate from Synthetic Wastewater and from Agricultural Sludge. CHEMENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering3020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus as phosphate and nitrogen as ammonium or nitrate are the main nutrients in wastewaters and agricultural sludges. They runoff easily to waterways and cause eutrophication in water bodies. However, ammonium and phosphate could be precipitated simultaneously and used as recycled nutrients. In this research, dolomite calcined at 650 °C, 750 °C, or 950 °C and commercial MgO were used as precipitants in simultaneous phosphate and ammonium removal from synthetic (NH4)2HPO4 solution and agricultural sludge. Calcination at 750 °C was the preferred option as dolomite was decomposed to MgO and CaCO3 for optimal struvite precipitation. Molar ratios of 1.1–1.6:1–2:2 (Mg:P:N) were employed in the experiments. Very robust ammonium removal was obtained with MgO (57%), dolomite 650 °C and dolomite 750 °C (75%). MgO removed almost all phosphate, while dolomite 650 °C removed 65%, and dolomite 750 °C removed 60% (70% from agricultural sludge). Some part of the phosphate was adsorbed, most likely by CaCO3, during dolomite precipitation. Struvite was the only identified reaction product in all samples after 24 h of precipitation. Calcined dolomite had great potential in ammonium and phosphate precipitation from both synthetic waters and agricultural sludges and the precipitates could be used as recycled fertilizers.
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26
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The Use of Ca- and Mg-Rich Fly Ash as a Chemical Precipitant in the Simultaneous Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus—Recycling and Reuse. RECYCLING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/recycling4020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The European Union’s circular economy strategy aims to increase the recycling and re-use of products and waste materials. According to the strategy, the use of industry waste material should be more effective. A chemical precipitation method to simultaneously remove phosphorus and nitrogen from synthetic (NH4)2HPO4 solution and the liquid phase of anaerobic digestate using fly ash as a precipitant was tested. Fly ash is a waste material formed in the power plant process. It mainly contains calcium oxide (CaO) and magnesium oxide (MgO). Saturated precipitant solution was prepared from fly ash, which was added in small proportions to (NH4)2HPO4 solution during the experiment. Fly ash’s effectiveness as a precipitant was compared with that of commercial CaO and MgO salts, and it can be observed that fly ash removed as much ammonium and phosphate as commercial salts. Fly ash sufficiently removed ammonium nitrogen and phosphate from the liquid phase of anaerobic digestate, which led to the formation of ammonium magnesium hydrogen phosphate hydrate, struvite (NH4MgPO4·6H2O), and calcium hydroxide phosphate, monetite, CaPO3(OH). In this study, we have shown for the first time that fly ash can be used to manufacture recycled, slow-release fertilizers from anaerobic digestate.
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27
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Muhmood A, Lu J, Dong R, Wu S. Formation of struvite from agricultural wastewaters and its reuse on farmlands: Status and hindrances to closing the nutrient loop. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 230:1-13. [PMID: 30261440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To meet the needs of a fast growing global population, agriculture and livestock production have been intensified, resulting in environmental pollution, climate change, and soil health declining. Closing the nutrient circular loop is one of the most important sustainability factors that affect these issues. Apart from being a serious environmental issue, the discharge of N and P via agricultural wastewater is also a major factor that disturbs nutrient cycling in agriculture. In this study, the performance, in terms of recovery, of N and P (individually, as well as simultaneously) from agricultural wastewaters via struvite has been comparatively summarized. Details on the hindrances to nutrient recovery through struvite formation from agricultural effluents, along with strategies to overcome these hindrances, are provided. In addition, various strategies for recovery performance intensification and operational cost reduction are comprehensively discussed. This work will provide scientists and engineers with a better idea on how to solve the bottlenecks of this technique and integrate it successfully into their treatment systems, which will ultimately help close the nutrient loop in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Muhmood
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Lu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Shubiao Wu
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs, Gade 6B, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000C, Denmark.
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28
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Li B, Boiarkina I, Yu W, Huang HM, Munir T, Wang GQ, Young BR. Phosphorous recovery through struvite crystallization: Challenges for future design. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:1244-1256. [PMID: 30340270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorous (P) is an essential element for living organisms and is predicted to be depleted within the next 100 years. Across the world, significant phosphorous losses due to its low utilization efficiency become one of the main reasons for water pollution. Struvite crystallization has been found to be a promising recovery technique to mitigate these problems, as the recovered precipitate can be used as a slow release fertilizer or raw material for chemical industry. Although this technique has been widely investigated over the past two decades, there are currently few real applications in industry. This paper addresses this issue by reviewing key aspects relevant to process design to pave the way for future application. It will help to narrow down struvite process design options and thus reduce the voluminous calculations for a detailed analysis. Struvite process development, research trend, product application and process economics are reviewed and a conceptual process design is provided. This analysis provides comprehensive information that is essential for future industrial struvite crystallization process design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Irina Boiarkina
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Hai Ming Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, China
| | - Tajammal Munir
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Guang Qian Wang
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Brent R Young
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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29
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Chen H, Long Q, Zhang Y, Qin L. Simultaneous immobilization of NH4+ and Mn2+ from electrolytic manganese residue using phosphate and magnesium sources. RSC Adv 2019; 9:4583-4590. [PMID: 35520207 PMCID: PMC9060623 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09615e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immobilization of contaminants from electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) is essential for the safe stacking and reuse of EMR. This study provides experiment results for the simultaneous immobilization of NH4+ and Mn2+ from EMR using Na3PO4·12H2O and MgSO4·7H2O (PS) agents, as well as Na3PO4·12H2O and MgO (PO) agents. The optimum reaction conditions, characteristics of immobilization, mechanism and the economy of alternative chemicals were determined and are discussed. The results indicated that the immobilization efficiencies of NH4+ and Mn2+ were 92.4% and 99.9% respectively under the following conditions: a MgSO4·7H2O : Na3PO4·12H2O : EMR mass ratio of 0.113 : 0.175 : 1, a CaO : EMR mass ratio of 0.03 : 1 and a reaction time of 1 h using PS agents. The concentration of NH4+ in the leach liquor reduced from 1264 to 98 mg L−1 after immobilization. The concentration of heavy metal ions decreased sharply in the leach liquor and met the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard of China (GB8978-1996). The characteristics of immobilization indicated that NH4+ was immobilized to form NH4MgPO4·6H2O and that Mn2+ was immobilized to form Mn5(PO4)2(OH)4, Mn3(PO4)2·3H2O and Mn(OH)2. An economic evaluation showed that using PS agents had lower associated cost than using PO agents. Immobilization of contaminants from electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) is essential for the safe stacking and reuse of EMR.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anshun University
- Anshun
- PR China
- Engineering Technology Centre of Control and Remediation of Soil Contamination of Guizhou Provincial Science & Technology Bureau
| | - Qian Long
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anshun University
- Anshun
- PR China
| | - Yutao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anshun University
- Anshun
- PR China
- Engineering Technology Centre of Control and Remediation of Soil Contamination of Guizhou Provincial Science & Technology Bureau
| | - Lan Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anshun University
- Anshun
- PR China
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30
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Biofuel Production and Phosphorus Recovery through an Integrated Treatment of Agro-Industrial Waste. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su11010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop an integrated treatment of agro-industrial waste for biofuel (biogas and syngas) production and for phosphorus recovery. In the first step, an anaerobic digestion (AD) process was carried out on two different mixtures of raw agro-industrial residues. Specifically, a mixture of asparagus and tomato wastes (mixture-1) and a mixture of potatoes and kiwifruit residues (mixture-2) were investigated. The results proved that the properties of mixtures notably affect the evolution of the digestion process. Indeed, despite the lower organic load, the maximum biogas yield, of about 0.44 L/gCODremoved, was obtained for mixture-1. For mixture-2, the digestion process was hindered by the accumulation of acidity due to the lack of alkalinity in respect to the amount of volatile fatty acids. In the second step, the digestates from AD were utilized for syngas production using supercritical water gasification (SCWG) at 450 °C and 250 bar. Both the digestates were rapidly converted into syngas, which was mainly composed of H2, CO2, CH4, and CO. The maximum values of global gasification efficiency, equal to 56.5 g/kgCOD, and gas yield, equal to 1.8 mol/kgTS, were detected for mixture-2. The last step of the integrated treatment aimed to recover the phosphorus content, in the form of MgKPO4ˑ6H2O, from the residual liquid fraction of SCWG. The experimental results proved that at pH = 10 and Mg/P = 1 it is possible to obtain almost complete phosphorus removal. Moreover, by using the scanning electronic microscopy, it was demonstrated that the produced precipitate was effectively composed of magnesium potassium phosphate crystals.
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31
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Si Q, Zhu Q, Xing Z. Simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by magnesium-modified calcium silicate core-shell material in water. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:656-664. [PMID: 30098555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new core-shell material (CMCS) is prepared with magnesium oxide (MgO) around calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), and CSH is prepared by SiO2 from the red mud. The CMCS simultaneously removes ammonia nitrogen (NH4+) and phosphate (PO43-) by chemical precipitation and it can achieve recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus. The removal process of NH4+ and PO43- is as follows. First, the shell of MgO is used to remove NH4+ and a part of the PO43- by the assisted adsorption and struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) precipitation method. Then the CSH is used to remove the residual part of PO43- by chemical precipitation (Ca5(PO4)3OH, CaHPO4 and Ca3(PO4)2). Furthermore, the MgO shell of CMCS not only removes NH4+ and PO43-, but also can control the calcium ions (Ca2+) spill from CSH and pH in the process of removing NH4+ and PO43-. The removal rate of NH4+ and PO43- can reach 76.63% and 87.18%, respectively, in the solution in 80 min, but in the actual wastewater the removal rate of NH4+ and PO43- is 61.40% and 62.83%, respectively. Finally, CMCS was recycled five times and its removal rates of NH4+ and PO43- are 21.01% and 24.99%, respectively. The aim of this article is to present CMCS, which has a good effect on removing the NH4+ and PO43- simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishi Si
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Zipeng Xing
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, Harbin 150080, China.
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32
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Liu W, He L, Wang M, Wei L, Xu L, Zhou Z, Ren Z. Effective removal of ammonia from wastewater using hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing China
| | - Lichao He
- College of Chemical Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing China
| | - Lu Wei
- College of Chemical Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing China
| | - Zhiyong Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing China
| | - Zhongqi Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing China
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33
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Muhmood A, Wu S, Lu J, Ajmal Z, Luo H, Dong R. Nutrient recovery from anaerobically digested chicken slurry via struvite: Performance optimization and interactions with heavy metals and pathogens. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:1-9. [PMID: 29656055 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the potential of struvite precipitation to recover nutrients from anaerobically-processed poultry slurry and struvite's interactions with heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Ni) and pathogens (total coliforms and Escherichia coli). The impacts of pH, Mg, N, and P molar proportion, reaction time, and mixing rate and duration were explored to determine the optimal conditions for nutrient recovery through struvite precipitation. A pH range of 9.5 to 10.5, was ideal for P and N removal and recovery, with a molar ratio of 1:1:1 for Mg:N:P. A mixing rate of 150rpm for 10min could allow nutrient recovery with little loss (3.32%) of NH₃ through volatilization, and also achieve an optimal struvite crystal size (50-60μm). The results of X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the precipitates generated at pH9 and 10 were orthorhombic struvite. Moreover, along with the recovery of nutrients, 40, 45, 66, 30, and 20% of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Ni, respectively, and 70% total coliforms and E. coli were removed by struvite precipitation from poultry slurry. This was observed despite that the levels of contaminants (heavy metals) detected in struvite were well below the permissible limits and free of pathogens. Consequently, it was inferred that the struvite quality was reasonable by virtue of its heavy metal and pathogen content, and therefore appropriate for application in the field. Similarly, struvite precipitation has multiple benefits as it can effectively recover nutrients as well as reducing pathogenic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Muhmood
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Shubiao Wu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000C, Denmark.
| | - Jiaxin Lu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zeeshan Ajmal
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Hongzhen Luo
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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34
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Wang J, Ye X, Zhang Z, Ye ZL, Chen S. Selection of cost-effective magnesium sources for fluidized struvite crystallization. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 70:144-153. [PMID: 30037401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Struvite crystallization has been considered a promising approach to recover phosphorus from wastewater. However, its practical application is limited, probably because of the high cost of magnesium (Mg). In this study, a comprehensive economic analysis was conducted using five Mg sources (MgCl2, MgSO4, MgO, Mg(OH)2, and bittern) during the operation of a pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor (FBR), using swine wastewater as the case matrix. First, the economic operating conditions were investigated, and subsequently, the performance and the costs of the five Mg sources were compared. The results indicated that the FBR could be operated most economically at pH of 8.5 and Mg to phosphorus (Mg/P) molar ratio of 1.5. Under these conditions, no significant differences in phosphorus removal and product quality could be found between the five Mg sources. Selecting the most economical Mg source was thus highly dependent on the prices of the reagents and Mg sources. Low-solubility Mg sources were preferable when NaOH was priced higher, while high-solubility Mg sources proved more economical when HNO3 was expensive. The bittern was the most economical choice only when the distances for total inorganic orthophosphate removal and struvite recovery were shorter than 40 and 270km, respectively. The current study provides an overview of the economic selection of an Mg source, which can help reduce the cost of struvite crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Zhaoji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhi-Long Ye
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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35
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Kabdaşlı I, Tünay O. Nutrient recovery by struvite precipitation, ion exchange and adsorption from source-separated human urine – a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21622515.2018.1473504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Işık Kabdaşlı
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, İstanbul Technical University, Sarıyer, İstanbul, Republic of Turkey
| | - Olcay Tünay
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, İstanbul Technical University, Sarıyer, İstanbul, Republic of Turkey
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36
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Peng L, Dai H, Wu Y, Peng Y, Lu X. A comprehensive review of phosphorus recovery from wastewater by crystallization processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 197:768-781. [PMID: 29407841 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of phosphorus (P) in discharged wastewater can lead to water pollution events and eutrophication. Given the increasing consumption of phosphate (PO43-) rocks, wastewater containing large quantities of P is deemed as a potential source of P recovery. Crystallization of P is an ideal way to recover P because of its simple design, ease of operation, high efficiency, and limited environmental impact. This paper provides a comprehensive review of P recovery by crystallization processes with respect to the mechanisms involved, operational parameters that influence the quality of the crystal, and available seed materials for inducing crystallization. Various operational parameters including pH, molar ratio of participating ions, mixing intensity, reactor type, and seeding conditions, were detailedly investigated. Different kinds of seeds were reviewed critically with regard to their principal properties, application, and long-term prospects. Crystallized products with a high P content can be used directly as slow-release fertilizers for agricultural production, and some test methods have been developed to determine their efficiency as a fertilizer and to evaluate their availability for plants. Further, the feasibility of P recovery by crystallization was evaluated in terms of economic benefits and environmental sustainability. This work serves as a basis for future research of P recovery by crystallization processes and responses to the increasingly stringent problems of eutrophication and the growing depletion of P resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Peng
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment (Wuxi), No. 99 Linghu Road, Wuxi 214135, China.
| | - Hongliang Dai
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment (Wuxi), No. 99 Linghu Road, Wuxi 214135, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China.
| | - Yifeng Wu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Yonghong Peng
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment (Wuxi), No. 99 Linghu Road, Wuxi 214135, China.
| | - Xiwu Lu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment (Wuxi), No. 99 Linghu Road, Wuxi 214135, China.
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37
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Tansel B, Lunn G, Monje O. Struvite formation and decomposition characteristics for ammonia and phosphorus recovery: A review of magnesium-ammonia-phosphate interactions. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:504-514. [PMID: 29241124 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) forms in aqueous systems with high ammonia and phosphate concentrations. However, conditions that result into struvite formation are highly dependent on the ionic compositions, temperature, pH, and ion speciation characteristics. The primary ions involved in struvite formation have complex interactions and can form different crystals depending on the ionic levels, pH and temperature. Struvite as well as struvite analogues (with substitution of monovalent cations for NH4+ or divalent cations for Mg2+) as well as other crystals can form simultaneously and result in changes in crystal morphology during crystal growth. This review provides the results from experimental and theoretical studies on struvite formation and decomposition studies. Characteristics of NH4+ or divalent cations for Mg2+ were evaluated in comparison to monovalent and divalent ions for formation of struvite and its analogues. Struvite crystals forming in wastewater systems are likely to contain crystals other than struvite due to ionic interactions, pH changes, temperature effects and clustering of ions during nucleation and crystal growth. Decomposition of struvite occurs following a series of reactions depending on the rate of heating, temperature and availability of water during heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Tansel
- Florida International University, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Griffin Lunn
- Vencore Services and Solutions, Inc., Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA
| | - Oscar Monje
- Vencore Services and Solutions, Inc., Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA
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38
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Ammonium removal from digested effluent of swine wastewater by using solid residue from magnesium-hydroxide flue gas desulfurization process. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Teymouri A, Stuart BJ, Kumar S. Hydroxyapatite and dittmarite precipitation from algae hydrolysate. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Song W, Li Z, Liu F, Ding Y, Qi P, You H, Jin C. Effective removal of ammonia nitrogen from waste seawater using crystal seed enhanced struvite precipitation technology with response surface methodology for process optimization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:628-638. [PMID: 29052150 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional biological treatment was not effective for removing nitrogen from saline wastewater due to the inhibition of high salinity on biomass activity. In this context, a method of removing ammonia nitrogen from waste seawater was proposed by struvite precipitation which was enhanced by seeding technique. The abundant magnesium contained in waste seawater was used as the key component of struvite crystallization without additional magnesium. The effects of pH and P:N molar ratio on ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency were studied. The results showed that optimum pH value was in range of 8.5-10 and the P:N molar ratio should be controlled within 2:1-3:1. XRD and SEM-EDS analyses of the precipitates proved that Ca2+ and excess Mg2+ contained in waste seawater inhibited the struvite crystallization by competing PO43- to form by-products. Then, seeding technique for enhancing the struvite crystallization was investigated, and the results indicated that using preformed struvite as crystal seed significantly improved the ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency, especially when initial ammonia nitrogen concentration was relatively low. Moreover, response surface optimization experiment following a Box-Behnken design was conducted. A response surface model was established, based on which optimum process conditions were determined and interactions between various factors were clarified. At last, economic evaluation demonstrated this proposed method was economic feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, 264209, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Peishi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Hong You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Chao Jin
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Wu S, Zou S, Liang G, Qian G, He Z. Enhancing recovery of magnesium as struvite from landfill leachate by pretreatment of calcium with simultaneous reduction of liquid volume via forward osmosis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:137-146. [PMID: 28803191 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate contains substances that can be potentially recovered as valuable resources. In this study, magnesium in a landfill leachate was recovered as struvite with calcium pretreatment; meanwhile, the leachate volume was reduced by using a submerged forward osmosis (FO) process, thereby enabling significant reduction of further treatment footprint and cost. Without pretreatment, calcium exhibited strong competition for phosphate with magnesium. The pretreatment with a Ca2+: CO32- molar ratio of 1:1.4 achieved a relatively low loss rate of Mg2+ (24.1±2.0%) and high Ca2+ removal efficiency (89.5±1.7%). During struvite recovery, 98.6±0.1% of magnesium could be recovered with a significantly lower residual PO43--P concentration (<25mgL-1) under the condition of (Mg+Caresidual): P molar ratio of 1:1.5 and pH9.5. The obtained struvite had a similar crystal structure and composition (19.3% Mg and 29.8% P) to that of standard struvite. The FO process successfully recovered water from the leachate and reduced its volume by 37%. The configuration of calcium pretreatment - FO - struvite recovery was found to be the optimal arrangement in terms of FO performance. These results have demonstrated the feasibility of magnesium recovery from landfill leachate and the importance of the calcium pretreatment, and will encourage further efforts to assess the value and purity of struvite for commercial use and to develop new methods for resource recovery from leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Shiqiang Zou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Guannan Liang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Chen L, Zhou CH, Zhang H, Tong DS, Yu WH, Yang HM, Chu MQ. Capture and recycling of ammonium by dolomite-aided struvite precipitation and thermolysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 187:302-310. [PMID: 28858711 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The capture and reuse of NH4+ is an ideal solution to treat NH4+-containing wastewater. The capture and reuse process needs to be clean and cost-effective. Currently, however, there are many obstacles, particularly in the availability, cost, and recovery of the chemical sources required. Here, we demonstrate a clean and efficient method to capture and recycle NH4+ by a dolomite-aided struvite precipitation process. Dolomite calcined carefully in CO2 atmosphere was used as a Mg source to react with PO43- (KH2PO4) and NH4+ in model wastewater (2000 mg L-1 NH4+). The precipitation was performed at nMg2+:nNH4+:nPO43- = 1:1:1.2 and pH = 8.0 for 2 h; 89.7% of NH4+ was recovered in the form of struvite precipitate. The competition between K+ and NH4+ in the model wastewater led to the formation of K-struvite (MgKPO4·6H2O) and struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O). The formation of K-struvite resulted in a decrease in the NH4+ removal rate. When struvite was heated at 110 °C for 4 h, the NH4+ release rate from the thermolysis reached 75.7%. Thermolysis readily occurred as an unstable Ca2+-CO32--NH4+ system formed in the mixture of MgNH4PO4·6H2O and CaCO3. The elements Mg and P that were obtained during the struvite precipitation-thermolysis-reprecipitation process can be repeatedly used. After 6 cycles, under the conditions pH = 9.0, nMg2+:nNH4+:nPO43- = 1:1:1 and reaction time of 2 h, up to 78.3% of NH4+ was removed from the model wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Chun Hui Zhou
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Qing Yang Institute for Industrial Minerals (QYIM), Youhua Township, Qingyang County, 242804, Anhui, China; Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Dong Shen Tong
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wei Hua Yu
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Qing Yang Institute for Industrial Minerals (QYIM), Youhua Township, Qingyang County, 242804, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Mao Quan Chu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Wang W, Ren X, Yang K, Hu Z, Yuan S. Inhibition of ammonia on anaerobic digestion of synthetic coal gasification wastewater and recovery using struvite precipitation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 340:152-159. [PMID: 28715738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coal gasification wastewater (CGW) contains very high concentrations of phenols and ammonia. However, the potential impact of ammonia on the anaerobic digestion of phenols remained unclear. Firstly, the methanogens and phenols degraders had a good tolerance up to 1gL-1 of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), but the substrate utilization rate for phenol, and specific methanogenic activity of sludge were decreased by 89% and 67% at 5g TAN L-1, and 94% and 100% at 10g TAN L-1, respectively. Secondly, the optimum struvite crystallization conditions (pH=8.5, 10g TAN L-1, n(Mg2+):n(TAN):n(PO43-)=1:1:1) were obtained by the orthogonal tests. Thirdly, the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenols were recovered to around 82% and 66%, respectively in the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor using the pretreatment of struvite precipitation at 10g TAN L-1 and 1g phenols L-1. Therefore, anaerobic digestion coupled with struvite precipitation was considered as an alternative way for CGW treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Xuesong Ren
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhenhu Hu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Shoujun Yuan
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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Huang H, Zhang P, Xiao J, Xiao D, Gao F. Repeatedly using the decomposition product of struvite by ultrasound stripping to remove ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 38:622-628. [PMID: 27562910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the decomposition of struvite by ultrasound stripping and the recycle use of the decomposition product for the treatment of landfill leachate were investigated. The results indicated that when the decomposition of struvite by ultrasound stripping was performed at 55°C for 40min, the ammonium in the struvite could be almost completely eliminated from the solution system. The characterization analysis showed that magnesium phosphate and the dissolved phosphate ions were the main active derivatives. Approximately 90% of the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) in landfill leachate can be removed by reusing the decomposition product at pH 9 for 60min. Repeated use of the struvite decomposition product revealed that the TAN removal efficiency decreased with an increase in the number of recycles. However, in the process of multiple recycling, about 90% of TAN removal could be maintained by supplementing a certain amount of the preformed struvite to the solution for every recycle. An economic analysis demonstrated that 79.3% of the treatment cost could be saved by the proposed process compared to the non-recycling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Huang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, 438 Hebei Avenue, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, 438 Hebei Avenue, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, 438 Hebei Avenue, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Dean Xiao
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, PR China
| | - Faming Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, 438 Hebei Avenue, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
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Sun W, Ma G, Sun Y, Liu Y, Song N, Xu Y, Zheng H. Effective treatment of high phosphorus pharmaceutical wastewater by chemical precipitation. CAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Sun
- College of Urban Construction; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Water-Conservation & Emission Reduction, College of Environment; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Genchao Ma
- College of Urban Construction; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Yongjun Sun
- College of Urban Construction; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Water-Conservation & Emission Reduction, College of Environment; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Ninghui Song
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences; Ministry of Environmental Protection; Nanjing 210042 China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Water-Conservation & Emission Reduction, College of Environment; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education; Chongqing University; Chongqing, 400045 China
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Chen Q, Zhou K, Hu Y, Liu F, Wang A. Effect of competing ions and causticization on the ammonia adsorption by a novel poly ligand exchanger (PLE) ammonia adsorption reagent. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 75:1294-1308. [PMID: 28333046 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a poly ligand exchanger, Cu(II)-loaded chelating resin named ammonia adsorption reagent (AMAR), bearing the functional group of weak iminodiacetate acid, was prepared to efficiently remove ammonia from solutions. Batch adsorption equilibrium experiments were conducted under a range of conditions. The effects of pH on the removal of ammonia by AMAR were investigated at 25 °C. The copper loaded on the resin forms a complex with NH3 in solution under alkaline condition. The effect of alkaline dosage (AD) on the ammonia adsorption was investigated. The maximum breakthrough bed volumes were obtained when the AD was set as 0.75 mmol OH-/mL. The higher AD did not guarantee the better ammonia removal efficiency due to the forming of Cu(OH)2 precipitate between OH- in solutions and Cu(II) on the resin. The effect of competing ions on the adsorption breakthrough curve of virgin AMAR and causticized AMAR was also investigated. The results demonstrated that the existence of competing ions had a negative impact on the adsorption capacity for both virgin AMAR and causticized AMAR. After causticization, the AMAR was more resistant to the competing ions comparing with virgin AMAR. The bivalent Ca2+ affects the ammonia adsorption more than does the monovalent Na+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanzhou Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China and Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China E-mail:
| | - Kanggen Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China and Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China E-mail:
| | - Yuanjuan Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China and Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China E-mail:
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China and Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China E-mail:
| | - Aihe Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China and Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China E-mail:
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Huang H, Guo G, Zhang P, Zhang D, Liu J, Tang S. Feasibility of physicochemical recovery of nutrients from swine wastewater: Evaluation of three kinds of magnesium sources. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hövelmann J, Putnis CV. In Situ Nanoscale Imaging of Struvite Formation during the Dissolution of Natural Brucite: Implications for Phosphorus Recovery from Wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:13032-13041. [PMID: 27934285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
As phosphorus (P) resources are diminishing, the recovery of this essential nutrient from wastewaters becomes an increasingly interesting option. P-recovery through the controlled crystallization of struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O), a potential slow-release fertilizer, is highly attractive, but costly if large amounts of Mg have to be added. In this context, natural Mg-minerals like brucite (Mg(OH)2) could provide more cost-effective Mg-sources compared to high-grade Mg-compounds such as MgCl2. Here we used in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study the interactions of ammonium phosphate solutions with brucite (001) cleavage surfaces. Brucite dissolution was strongly enhanced in the presence of H2PO4- ions, most likely due to the formation of negatively charged surface complexes. Simultaneously with brucite dissolution, we directly observed the formation of a new phase that was identified as struvite by Raman spectroscopy. Our results suggest that brucite dissolution and struvite precipitation were coupled at the mineral-fluid interface within a thin fluid boundary layer. An interpretation is proposed where the heterogeneous nucleation and growth of struvite occurs via a particle-mediated process involving the formation of primary nanoparticles, followed by their continuous aggregation, fusion and possible transformation to crystalline struvite. These observations have implications for the feasibility of using brucite in phosphorus recovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Hövelmann
- German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Interface Geochemistry, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christine V Putnis
- Institut für Mineralogie, University of Münster , 48149 Münster, Germany
- The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), Department of Chemistry, Curtin University , Perth 6845, Australia
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Ammonium Removal from Landfill Leachate by Means of Multiple Recycling of Struvite Residues Obtained through Acid Decomposition. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6110375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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