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Le Q, Price GW. A review of the influence of heat drying, alkaline treatment, and composting on biosolids characteristics and their impacts on nitrogen dynamics in biosolids-amended soils. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 176:85-104. [PMID: 38266478 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Application of biosolids to agricultural land has gained increasing attention due to their rich nutrient content. There are a variety of treatment processes for converting sewage sludge to biosolids. Different treatment processes can change the physicochemical properties of the raw sewage sludge and affect the dynamics of nutrient release in biosolids-amended soils. This paper reviews heat drying, alkaline treatment, and composting as biosolids treatment processes and discusses the effects of these treatments on biosolid nitrogen (N) content and availability. Most N in the biosolids remain in organic forms, regardless of biosolids treatment type but considerable variation exists in the mean values of total N and mineralizable N across different types of biosolids. The highest mean total N content was recorded in heat-dried biosolids (HDB) (4.92%), followed by composted biosolids (CB) (2.25%) and alkaline-treated biosolids (ATB) (2.14%). The mean mineralizable N value was similar between HDB and ATB, with a broader range of mineralizable N in ATB. The lowest N availability was observed in CB. Although many models have been extensively studied for predicting potential N mineralization in soils amended with organic amendments, limited research has attempted to model soil N mineralization following biosolids application. With biosolids being a popular, economical, and eco-friendly alternative to chemical N-fertilizers, understanding biosolids treatment effects on biosolids properties is important for developing a sound biosolids management system. Moreover, modeling N mineralization in biosolids-amended soils is essential for the adoption of sustainable farming practices that maximize the agronomic value of all types of biosolids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhan Le
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, PO Box 550, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - G W Price
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, PO Box 550, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
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2
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Mousavi SE, Goyette B, Zhao X, Couture C, Talbot G, Rajagopal R. Struvite-Driven Integration for Enhanced Nutrient Recovery from Chicken Manure Digestate. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:145. [PMID: 38391631 PMCID: PMC10886100 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the synergistic integration of clean technologies, specifically anaerobic digestion (AD) and struvite precipitation, to enhance nutrient recovery from chicken manure (CM). The batch experiments were conducted using (i) anaerobically digested CM digestate, referred to as raw sample (RS), (ii) filtered digestate sample (FS), and (iii) a synthetically prepared control sample (CS). The research findings demonstrated that the initial ammonia concentration variations did not significantly impact the struvite precipitation yield in the RS and FS, showcasing the materials inertness process's robustness to changing ammonia concentrations. Notably, the study revealed that the highest nitrogen (N) recovery, associated with 86% and 88% ammonia removal in the CS and FS, was achieved at pH 11, underscoring the efficiency of nutrient recovery. The RS achieved the highest nitrogen recovery efficiency at pH 10, at 86.3%. In addition, the research highlighted the positive impact of reducing heavy metal levels (Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr and Fe) and improving the composition of the microbial community in the digestate. These findings offer valuable insights into sustainable manure and nutrient management practices, emphasizing the potential benefits for the agricultural sector and the broader circular economy. Future research directions include economic viability assessments, regulatory compliance evaluations, and knowledge dissemination to promote the widespread adoption of these clean technologies on a larger scale. The study marks a significant step toward addressing the environmental concerns associated with poultry farming and underscores the potential of integrating clean technologies for a more sustainable agricultural future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Ebrahim Mousavi
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Saint Anne De Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Bernard Goyette
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Saint Anne De Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Cassandra Couture
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
- Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Bd de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Guylaine Talbot
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Rajinikanth Rajagopal
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
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3
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Yang Q, Zhang S, Li X, Rong K, Li J, Jiang L. Effects of microbial inoculant and additives on pile composting of cow manure. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1084171. [PMID: 36687613 PMCID: PMC9850233 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1084171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Composting is an effective method of recycling organic solid waste, and it is the key process linking planting with recycling. To explore the reuse of agricultural organic solid waste as a resource in the Yellow River Delta, the effects of microbial inoculant and different additives (calcium superphosphate, biochar, tomato straw, rice husk, and sugar residue) on pile composting of cow dung were studied to obtain the best composting conditions. The results showed that microbial inoculant and additives all played positive roles in the process of aerobic composting, and the experimental groups outperformed the control groups without any additives. For discussion, the microbial inoculant promoted rapid pile body heating more than the recovery materials alone, and the effects on aerobic composting were related to the organic matter of substrates and biochar. After being composted, all the materials were satisfactorily decomposed. Degradation of additives into humic acid might serve as electron shuttles to promote thorough organic matter decomposition. These results provide a scientific basis data for industrial composting of organic solid waste processed by on-site stacking, and provide a reference for researcher and practitioners for studying the applications of microbial inoculant on aerobic composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Shiqiu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xueping Li
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Kun Rong
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Li
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Lihua Jiang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Agricultural and Engineering University, Jinan, China
- Binzhou Jingyang Biological Fertilizer Co., Ltd., Binzhou, China
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4
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MacDonnell C, Bydalek F, Osborne TZ, Beard A, Barbour S, Leonard D, Makinia J, Inglett PW. Use of a wastewater recovery product (struvite) to enhance subtropical seagrass restoration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155717. [PMID: 35525357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses are in decline worldwide, and their restoration is relatively expensive and unsuccessful compared to other coastal systems. Fertilization can improve seagrass growth in restoration but can also release nutrients and pollute the surrounding ecosystem. A slow-release fertilizer may reduce excessive nutrient discharge while still providing resources to the seagrass's rhizosphere. In this study, struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate), a relatively insoluble, sustainable compound harvested in wastewater treatment plants, was compared to Osmocote™(14:14:14 Nitrogen: Phosphorus: Potassium, N:P:K), a popular polymer coated controlled release fertilizer commonly used in seagrass restoration. Two experiments compared the effectiveness of both fertilizers in a subtropical flow-through mesocosm setup. In the first experiment, single 0.5 mg of P per g dry weight (DW) doses of Osmocote™and struvite fertilizers were added to seagrass plots. Seagrass shoot counts were significantly higher in plots fertilized with struvite than both the Osmocote™and unfertilized controls (p< 0.0001). A significant difference in total P concentration was observed in porewater samples of Osmocote™vs struvite and controls (p< 0.0001), with struvite fertilized plots emitting more than controls (p ≤ 0.0001), but less than 2% of the total dissolved P (TDP) of Osmocote™fertilized plots (100+ mg/L versus x > 5 mg/L). A subsequent experiment, using smaller doses (0.01 and 0.025 mg of P per gram DW added), also found that the struvite treatments performed better than Osmocote™, with 16-114% more aboveground biomass (10-60% higher total biomass) while releasing less N and P. These results indicate the relatively rapid dissolution of Osmocote™may pose problems to restoration efforts, especially in concentrated doses and possibly leading to seagrass stress. In contrast, struvite may function as a slow-release fertilizer applicable in seagrass and other coastal restoration efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C MacDonnell
- University of Florida, Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, 1692 McCarty Drive, Gainesville, FL 32603, United States of America
| | - F Bydalek
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - T Z Osborne
- University of Florida, Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, 1692 McCarty Drive, Gainesville, FL 32603, United States of America; Whitney Laboratory for Biosciences, 9505 N Ocean Shore Blvd, St. Augustine, FL 32080, United States of America
| | - A Beard
- Whitney Laboratory for Biosciences, 9505 N Ocean Shore Blvd, St. Augustine, FL 32080, United States of America
| | - S Barbour
- University of Florida, Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, 1692 McCarty Drive, Gainesville, FL 32603, United States of America
| | - D Leonard
- University of Florida, Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, 1692 McCarty Drive, Gainesville, FL 32603, United States of America
| | - J Makinia
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - P W Inglett
- University of Florida, Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, 1692 McCarty Drive, Gainesville, FL 32603, United States of America.
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Hoang HG, Thuy BTP, Lin C, Vo DVN, Tran HT, Bahari MB, Le VG, Vu CT. The nitrogen cycle and mitigation strategies for nitrogen loss during organic waste composting: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134514. [PMID: 35398076 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Composting is a promising technology to decompose organic waste into humus-like high-quality compost, which can be used as organic fertilizer. However, greenhouse gases (N2O, CO2, CH4) and odorous emissions (H2S, NH3) are major concerns as secondary pollutants, which may pose adverse environmental and health effects. During the composting process, nitrogen cycle plays an important role to the compost quality. This review aimed to (1) summarizes the nitrogen cycle of the composting, (2) examine the operational parameters, microbial activities, functions of enzymes and genes affecting the nitrogen cycle, and (3) discuss mitigation strategies for nitrogen loss. Operational parameters such as moisture, oxygen content, temperature, C/N ratio and pH play an essential role in the nitrogen cycle, and adjusting them is the most straightforward method to reduce nitrogen loss. Also, nitrification and denitrification are the most crucial processes of the nitrogen cycle, which strongly affect microbial community dynamics. The ammonia-oxidizing bacteria or archaea (AOB/AOA) and the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrifiers play a vital role in nitrification and denitrification with the involvement of ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) gene, nitrate reductase genes (narG), and nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ). Furthermore, adding additives such as struvite salts (MgNH4PO4·6H2O), biochar, and zeolites (clinoptilolite), and microbial inoculation, namely Bacillus cereus (ammonium strain), Pseudomonas donghuensis (nitrite strain), and Bacillus licheniformis (nitrogen fixer) can help control nitrogen loss. This review summarized critical issues of the nitrogen cycle and nitrogen loss in order to help future composting research with regard to compost quality and air pollution/odor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Giang Hoang
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Finance - Accounting, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai, 76100, Viet Nam
| | - Bui Thi Phuong Thuy
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Van Lang University, 68/69 Dang Thuy Tram Street, Ward 13, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Huu Tuan Tran
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Mahadi B Bahari
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Technoloki Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Van Giang Le
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chi Thanh Vu
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA.
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6
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Shi S, Tong B, Wang X, Luo W, Tan M, Wang H, Hou Y. Recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from livestock slurry with treatment technologies: A meta-analysis. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 144:313-323. [PMID: 35427903 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The livestock industry has developed rapidly in recent decades, but the improper treatment of livestock manure, especially slurry, causes environmental pollution. Treatment technologies are considered to be effective in alleviating nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses from livestock slurry. Here, we used published research data to conduct a meta-analysis of the recovery efficiencies of N and P of five mainstream treatment technologies, including ammonia stripping, air scrubbing, membrane filtration, microalgae cultivation and struvite crystallization. Additionally, the agronomic effects of the recovered products of these treatment technologies were evaluated. The results showed that all technologies exhibited clear recovery effects on N and P. The N recovery efficiencies ranged from 57% to 86%, and those of P ranged from 64% to 87%. Struvite crystallization was the most efficient treatment technology for both N and P recovery; moreover, the ammonia stripping and microalgae cultivation technologies were less efficient. The pH levels and temperatures are the main factors that influence ammonia stripping, struvite crystallization and microalgae cultivation, while membrane filtration and air scrubbing are mainly affected by the membrane types and properties. When the equal amount of N or P input to fields, the recovered products (ammonium sulfate and struvite crystals) may achieve a similar crop yield, relative to commercial N or P fertilizers. Our findings can provide deep suggestions and parameters for designing proper treatment technologies to reduce nutrient discharge from livestock slurry in regions with high livestock density and also for identifying the research gaps that should be paid more attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Shi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingxin Tong
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Animal Healthy Environment, Key Laboratory of Agriculture Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenhai Luo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meixiu Tan
- Wageningen University, Soil Biology Group, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Hongliang Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong Hou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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7
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Nandre V, Kumbhar N, Battu S, Kale Y, Bagade A, Haram S, Kodam K. Siderophore mediated mineralization of struvite: A novel greener route of sustainable phosphate management. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 203:117511. [PMID: 34375932 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and sustainable removal of phosphate ions from an aqueous solution is of great challenge. Herein we demonstrated a greener route for phosphate recovery through struvite formation by using bacterial siderophore. This method was efficient for removal of phosphate as low as 1.3 mM with 99% recovery efficiency. The siderophore produced by Pseudomonas taiwanensis R-12-2 act as template for the nucleation of struvite crystals and was found sustainable for recycling the phosphorous efficiently after twenty cycles. The formation of struvite crystals is driven by surrounding pH (9.0) and presence of Mg2+ and NH4+ ions along with PO43- and siderophore which was further validated by computational studies. The morphology of struvite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, followed by elemental analysis. Furthermore, our results revealed that the siderophore plays an important role in struvite biomineralization. We have successfully demonstrated the phosphate sequestration by using industrial waste samples, as possible application for environmental sustainability and phosphate conservation. For the first time electrochemical super-capacitance performance of the struvite was studied. The specific capacitance value for the struvite was found to be 320 F g-1 at 1.87 A g-1 and retained 92 % capacitance after 250 cycles. The study revealed the potential implications of siderophore for the phosphate recycling and the new mechanism for biomineralization by sequestering into struvite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Nandre
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Navanath Kumbhar
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Shateesh Battu
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Yuvraj Kale
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Aditi Bagade
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Santosh Haram
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Kisan Kodam
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India.
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Harindintwali JD, Zhou J, Muhoza B, Wang F, Herzberger A, Yu X. Integrated eco-strategies towards sustainable carbon and nitrogen cycling in agriculture. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112856. [PMID: 34051535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To meet the ever-growing human demands for food, fuel, and fiber, agricultural activities have dramatically altered the global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles. These biogeochemical cycles along with water, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles are fundamental features of life on Earth. Human alteration of the global N cycle has had both positive and negative outcomes. To efficiently feed a growing population, crop-livestock production systems have been developed, however, these systems also contribute significantly to environmental pollution and global climate change. Management of agricultural waste (AW) and the application of N fertilizers are central to the issues of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nutrient runoff that contributes to the eutrophication of water bodies. If managed properly, AW can provide nutrients for plants and contribute to the conservation of soil health. In order to achieve the long-term conservation of agricultural production systems, it is important to promote the proper recycling of AW in agroecosystems and to minimize the reliance on chemical N fertilizers. Composting is one of the sustainable and effective approaches for recycling AW in agriculture. However, the conventional composting process is dilatory and produces compost with low N content compared to chemical N fertilizers. For this reason, comprehensive research is required to improve the composting process and the N content of the soil organic amendments. This work aims to explore the beneficial effects of the integrated application of biochar and specific C and N cycling microorganisms to the composting process and the quality of the composted products. In pursuit of replacing chemical N fertilizers with bio/organic fertilizers, we further discussed the power of the combined application of compost, biochar, and N-fixing bacteria in agricultural production systems. The knowledge of smart integration of AW and microorganisms in agriculture could solve the main agricultural and environmental problems associated with human-induced flows of C and N. Building upon the knowledge disseminated in review to further extensive research will pave the way for better management of agricultural production systems and sustainable C and N cycling in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Damascene Harindintwali
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Li-Hu Road, Bin-Hu District, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Jianli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Li-Hu Road, Bin-Hu District, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Bertrand Muhoza
- National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Fang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Anna Herzberger
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Xiaobin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Li-Hu Road, Bin-Hu District, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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9
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Min KJ, Park KY. Economic feasibility of phosphorus recovery through struvite from liquid anaerobic digestate of animal waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40703-40714. [PMID: 33547611 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the struvite crystallization process has proven to be an effective process for the recovery of nutrients from wastewater, this process has not been widely used due to the excessive use of chemicals. In this study, the optimal production conditions, yield, and economic feasibility of struvite using the anaerobic digestion of livestock wastewater were investigated. In addition, the economic feasibility of adding zeolite to improve the productivity of struvite and additionally remove nitrogen was evaluated. The result of the experiment on the struvite yield change according to the molar ratios at pH 9.0 showed that the struvite yield ratio was 99.0% of the stoichiometric yield at the Mg2+ :NH4+ :PO43- molar ratios of 1.2:1.0:1.1. As a magnesium source, MgCl2, concentrated seawater in the seawater desalination process, and MgO were compared, and when MgO was used, struvite productivity and economic efficiency were the best. Also, while the addition of zeolite greatly increased the struvite production and zeolite was also sold as a soil conditioner, the struvite sales benefit was estimated to be 103% of the operating cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Jin Min
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang B, Fan B, Hassan I, Peng Y, Ma R, Guan CY, Chen S, Cui S, Li G. Effects of bamboo biochar on nitrogen conservation during co-composting of layer manure and spent mushroom substrate. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 43:1-9. [PMID: 34044755 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1936201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Layer manure (LM) and spent mushroom substrate (SMS) are two kinds of nitrogen (N) rich solid wastes generate in the poultry breeding and agriculture production. Composting is an effective way to recycle the LM and SMS. However, a large amount of N in the LM and SMS was lost via volatilisation during composting, with negative environmental and economic consequences. This study investigated the effect of incorporating biochar at the ratio of 5%, 10%, and 15% (w/w) during co-composting of LM and SMS on ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen oxide (N2O) volatilisation and N retention. After the 35-day composting, the results showed that the pile temperature and seed germination index in biochar treatments were significantly improved in comparison with control treatment. The nitrogen in all treatments was lost in the form of N2O (0.05∼0.1%) and NH3 (13.1∼20.2%). Likewise, the total nitrogen loss was 28.9%, 20.3%, and 24.9%, respectively, of which N2O-N accounts for 0.05∼0.10%. Compared with control treatment, the total amount of NH3 volatilisation in biochar treatments of 5%BC, 10%BC and 15%BC was decreased by 21.2%, 33.1%, and 26.1%, respectively. The total amount of N2O emission was decreased by 39.0%, 13.2%, and 1.6%, respectively. Adding 10% and 15% biochar can significantly reduce NH3 volatilisation while adding 5% biochar treatment didn't significantly reduce NH3 emissions but showed the best performance in reducing N2O emission. The addition of 10% biochar in co-composting of LM and SMS is the recommended dosage that exhibited the best performance in improving composting quality and reducing nitrogen loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangxi Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Fan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Iram Hassan
- Institute of Soil Science, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Yutao Peng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruonan Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chung-Yu Guan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National llan University, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Shili Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihao Cui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxue Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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11
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Sardá LG, Higarashi MM, Nicoloso RS, Falkoski C, Ribeiro SMS, Silveira CAP, Soares HM. Effects of dicyandiamide and Mg/P on the global warming potential of swine slurry and sawdust cocomposting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30405-30418. [PMID: 32458307 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Composting is an emerging strategy for swine slurry treatment; nonetheless, significant greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions may occur during this process. We carried out two separate assays with increasing doses of dicyandiamide (DCD; up to 1.1% w/w) as a nitrification inhibitor and solutions of MgCl2 and H3PO4 (Mg/P; up to 0.09/0.06 mol kg-1) to promote struvite crystallization in order to assess their efficiencies as additives to decrease GHG emission during swine slurry cocomposting with sawdust (1:1v/v). We monitored the nitrous oxide (N2O-N), methane (CH4-C), and carbon dioxide (CO2-C) emissions and the ammonia (NH4+-N) and nitrate/nitrite (NOx-N) concentrations in compost reactors (35 L) during the first 4-5 weeks of composting. DCD had no effect on CH4-C and CO2-C emissions but decreased N2O-N losses by up to 56% compared with control. However, DCD inactivation was favored by thermophilic conditions and N2O-N emissions increased to same levels of control after 13 days. Mg/P was effective to decrease N2O-N losses only at the highest dose, which also sustained higher [NH4+-N] in the compost by the end of the assessment. Nonetheless, the use of 0.09/0.06 mol kg-1 of Mg/P also decreased CH4-C and CO2-C emissions compared with lower doses of Mg/P and unamended treatments. Overall, DCD and Mg/P amendments decreased the global warming potential (GWP) of swine slurry composting by up to 46 and 28%, respectively. The Mg/P application may be also interesting to increase the compost quality by increasing its NH4+-N availability. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana G Sardá
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hugo M Soares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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12
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Barčauskaitė K, Žydelis R, Mažeika R. Screening of chemical composition and risk index of different origin composts produced in Lithuania. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:24480-24494. [PMID: 32304063 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of composts could be accompanied by potential hazards to soil and humans, caused by heavy metals and organic persistent pollutants. A total of 115 compost samples from four different origins (green waste composts, sewage sludge composts, mixed municipal waste composts after mechanical-biological treatment and mixed municipal waste compost) were collected to analyse the chemical composition, nutrients levels, seven heavy metals, 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and seven polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs). Simulation models were used to estimate the heavy metal accumulation risk in soil and to evaluate the potential ecological risk to environment. After analysing chemical parameters of compost quality, it was found that sewage sludge composts contained the highest amounts of nitrogen (2.98%), phosphorus (4.44%) and organic matter (47.6%), and the highest potassium content (1.20%) was found in mixed municipal composts after mechanical-biological treatment. After having tested all the composts, green waste composts had the lowest content of the following nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur. High molecular weight PAHs dominated in green waste, sewage sludge and mixed municipal waste composts, and the opposite tendency was observed on mixed municipal waste composts after mechanical-biological treatment; low molecular weight PAHs were abundant. It was determined that, according to the total amount of 15 PAHs (16.54 mg kg-1 d.w.) and 7 PCBs (233.53 μg kg-1 d.w.), the most contaminated composts were produced from mixed municipal waste. As it was expected, the lowest level of PCBs (13.85 μg kg-1 d.w.) was found in green waste composts. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the shortest period in which zinc concentration in soil could increase twice is 2 years when applying continuously mixed municipal waste compost after mechanical-biological treatment. Based on Monte Carlo simulation results from repeated application of green waste composts, mixed municipal waste compost and mixed municipal waste compost after mechanical-biological treatment could double the soil background level of copper in 6 and 3 years respectively. Reducing the content of heavy metals in composts would be of great significance for minimising the damage caused by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Barčauskaitė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Instituto Al. 1, Akademija, Kėdainiai Distr, Lithuania.
| | - Renaldas Žydelis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Instituto Al. 1, Akademija, Kėdainiai Distr, Lithuania
| | - Romas Mažeika
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Instituto Al. 1, Akademija, Kėdainiai Distr, Lithuania
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13
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Application of zeolites in organic waste composting: A review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Azam HM, Alam ST, Hasan M, Yameogo DDS, Kannan AD, Rahman A, Kwon MJ. Phosphorous in the environment: characteristics with distribution and effects, removal mechanisms, treatment technologies, and factors affecting recovery as minerals in natural and engineered systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20183-20207. [PMID: 31119535 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P), an essential element for living cells, is present in different soluble and adsorbed chemical forms found in soil, sediment, and water. Most species are generally immobile and easily adsorbed onto soil particles. However, P is a major concern owing to its serious environmental effects (e.g., eutrophication, scale formation) when found in excess in natural or engineered environments. Commercial chemicals, fertilizers, sewage effluent, animal manure, and agricultural waste are the major sources of P pollution. But there is limited P resources worldwide. Therefore, the fate, effects, and transport of P in association with its removal, treatment, and recycling in natural and engineered systems are important. P removal and recycling technologies utilize different types of physical, biological, and chemical processes. Moreover, P minerals (struvite, vivianite, etc.) can precipitate and form scales in drinking water and wastewater systems. Hence, P minerals (e.g., struvite, vivianite etc.) are problems when left uncontrolled and unmonitored although their recovery is beneficial (e.g., slow release fertilizers, sustainable P sources, soil enhancers). Sources like wastewater, human waste, waste nutrient solution, etc. can be used for P recycling. This review paper extensively summarizes the importance and distribution of P in different environmental compartments, the effects of P in natural and engineered systems, P removal mechanisms through treatment, and recycling technologies specially focusing on various types of phosphate mineral precipitation. In particular, the factors controlling mineral (e.g., struvite and vivianite) precipitation in natural and engineered systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossain M Azam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College, 3825 Corlear Avenue, Riverdale, Bronx, NY, 10471, USA.
| | - Seemi Tasnim Alam
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 679 Saimdang-ro, Gangneungsi, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea
- University of Science and Technology, 176 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Djigui David Stéphane Yameogo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College, 3825 Corlear Avenue, Riverdale, Bronx, NY, 10471, USA
| | - Arvind Damodara Kannan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College, 3825 Corlear Avenue, Riverdale, Bronx, NY, 10471, USA
| | - Arifur Rahman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Freese and Nichols, Inc., 2711 N Haskell Avenue, Suite 3300, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA
| | - Man Jae Kwon
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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15
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Wu J, Zhang A, Li G, Wei Y, Jia F, Liang Y, Cheng Y, Liu Y. Impact of phosphate additive on organic carbon component degradation during pig manure composting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:11805-11814. [PMID: 30815810 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate, as an additive to composting, could significantly reduce ammonia emission and nitrogen loss but may also cause adverse effects on the degradation of organic matter. However, there is little information about the influence of pH change, salt content, and phosphate on different organic fraction degradation during composting with the addition of phosphate at a higher level. In this study, the equimolar phosphoric acid (H3PO4), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) were added into pig manure composting with 0.25 mol mass per kilogram of dry matter basis addition amount to evaluate the effect of H+, PO43-, and salinity on carbon component transformation and organic matter degradation. The results showed that both H3PO4 and K2HPO4 additives could lead to shorter duration in the thermophilic phase, lower degradation of lignocellulose, and lesser carbon loss compared to CK, even though had different pH, i.e., acidic and alkaline conditions, respectively. Besides, the addition of H3PO4, H2SO4, and K2HPO4 could increase the degradation of soluble protein and lipid during composting. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that the variation in different organic carbon fractions was significantly correlated with the changes of pH and the presence of PO43-, but not with SO42- and electrical conductivity, suggesting that pH and phosphate were the more predominant factors than salinity for the inhibition of organic matter degradation. Taken together, as acidic phosphate addition produces a true advantage of controlling nitrogen loss and lower inhibition of organics transformation during composting, the expected effects may result in more efficient composting products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014060, China
| | - Aiguo Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yuquan Wei
- School of Environment and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Fuya Jia
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014060, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014060, China
| | - Yandong Cheng
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014060, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014060, China
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16
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Abstract
Preparation of Natural multi-nutrient Slow Release Fertilizer (NSRF) aims to reduce the environmental burden from some waste and increase the efficiency of fertilizer in releasing nutrient content. In this study,slow-release fertilizer was prepared from all natural components from waste which aredried chicken manure (N source), struvite (P source), and palm empty fruit bunch ash (K source). The equal weight of the three main nutrient sources was used with the addition of starch powder as the binder by 10%, 15% and 20% of the total nutrient mixture. The mixture of all nutrient with binder was granulated using pan granulator. Dried NSRF granule was tested using sand bed release method to observe the release profile of the contained nutrient. Based on the results of a 30-day leaching study, it was found that increasing concentration of binder will reduce the release of the nutrient from NSRF granules.
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17
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Chang R, Li Y, Chen Q, Guo Q, Jia J. Comparing the effects of three in situ methods on nitrogen loss control, temperature dynamics and maturity during composting of agricultural wastes with a stage of temperatures over 70 °C. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 230:119-127. [PMID: 30278275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of three in situ methods for controlling nitrogen loss and maturity with different mechanisms: struvite-based addition (K2HPO4 and MgO, MP), woody peat addition (WP) and intermittent aeration (IA), during composting of vegetable waste (cucumber vine) with temperature over 70 °C to inactivate potential viral pathogens. The experiment was conducted in a 200 L pilot-scale composting system, with which temperature and ammonia emission were recorded in real time, and solid samples were collected and analyzed during the process. The results indicated that the methods of MP and IA reduced the total nitrogen loss by 27.5% and 16.1%, respectively, without inhibitory effects on the temperature, nutrient availability and maturity. The WP method significantly decreased the nitrogen loss but could not maintain the thermophilic stage over 70 °C, because of its influence on the material physio-chemical characteristics caused by woody peat addition. In conclusion, all three methods could promote the maturity process, and 20 days should be adequate for vegetable waste composting with a good nutrient availability. Considering the two factors of reducing nitrogen loss and achieving high temperatures together, we recommended the struvite-based controlling method with the mechanism of chemisorption to reduce nitrogen loss during vegetable waste composting that requires temperatures over 70 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Chang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yanming Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Beijing, China.
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Guo
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Beijing, China
| | - Juntao Jia
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Beijing, China
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18
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Muhmood A, Lu J, Dong R, Wu S. Formation of struvite from agricultural wastewaters and its reuse on farmlands: Status and hindrances to closing the nutrient loop. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 230:1-13. [PMID: 30261440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To meet the needs of a fast growing global population, agriculture and livestock production have been intensified, resulting in environmental pollution, climate change, and soil health declining. Closing the nutrient circular loop is one of the most important sustainability factors that affect these issues. Apart from being a serious environmental issue, the discharge of N and P via agricultural wastewater is also a major factor that disturbs nutrient cycling in agriculture. In this study, the performance, in terms of recovery, of N and P (individually, as well as simultaneously) from agricultural wastewaters via struvite has been comparatively summarized. Details on the hindrances to nutrient recovery through struvite formation from agricultural effluents, along with strategies to overcome these hindrances, are provided. In addition, various strategies for recovery performance intensification and operational cost reduction are comprehensively discussed. This work will provide scientists and engineers with a better idea on how to solve the bottlenecks of this technique and integrate it successfully into their treatment systems, which will ultimately help close the nutrient loop in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Muhmood
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Lu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Shubiao Wu
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs, Gade 6B, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000C, Denmark.
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19
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Wu J, Zhang A, Li G, Wei Y, He S, Lin Z, Shen X, Wang Q. Effect of different components of single superphosphate on organic matter degradation and maturity during pig manure composting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:587-594. [PMID: 30059919 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Single superphosphate (SSP) as an additive could improve phosphorus availability and reduce nitrogen loss for composts, but few studies have explored the influence of SSP on the transformation of carbon fractions in composting. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of different components of SSP, including calcium dihydrogen phosphate (CDP), calcium sulfate (CS) and free acid (FA) on organic matter degradation and maturity during pig manure composting. The results showed that CDP had significantly negative effects on the duration of thermophilic phase and organic matter degradation, but lengthened the curing phase for the transformation of organic matter. FA could intensify the inhibiting effect of CDP and postpone the biodegradation process of composting, but CS could buffer the effect of CDP on the degradation of organic carbon fractions by controlling pH. The study reveals the roles of different components of SSP to the transformation of organic carbon fractions, which lays a foundation for regulating the effects of chemical additives during composting. Regulating the content of CDP in SSP or applying SSP with other chemical additives to control the biotoxicity of excess phosphate on microbial activity should be concerned for complete and efficient composting in further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China; Environmental Monitoring Station of Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China
| | - Aiguo Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yuquan Wei
- School of Environment and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Shengzhou He
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhong Lin
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China
| | - Xiufang Shen
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Qiuju Wang
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, China
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20
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Pereira R, Cardoso E, Oliveira F, Estrada-Bonilla G, Cerri C. A novel way of assessing C dynamics during urban organic waste composting and greenhouse gas emissions in tropical region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Liang J, Shen Y, Shou Z, Yuan H, Dai X, Zhu N. Nitrogen loss reduction by adding KH 2PO 4-K 2HPO 4 buffer solution during composting of sewage sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 264:116-122. [PMID: 29800771 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen loss through gaseous emission, mainly ammonia emission, was an inevitable problem during sewage sludge composting. In this study, MgSO4 + K3PO4 (Run A), K2SO4 + KH2PO4-K2HPO4 (Run B) and MgSO4 + KH2PO4-K2HPO4 (Run C) were mixed with mixtures before composting, aiming at researching the effects of buffer solution on reducing nitrogen loss during composting. Ammonia loss of Run C was reduced by 53.8% and 45.5%, and nitrogen loss of Run C was decreased by 61.2% and 67.1%, compared to that of Run A and Run B, respectively. Besides, organic matter degradation of Run C was 36.8%. Among the three amended treatments, nitrogen loss in Run C was effectively reduced and organic matter degradation was slightly improved. The addition of MgSO4 and KH2PO4-K2HPO4 was confirmed to be effective to maintain a desired pH range for struvite precipitation as well as to reserve more ammonia in the compost to promote the formation of struvite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanwen Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zongqi Shou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haiping Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200091, China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Peng S, Li H, Song D, Lin X, Wang Y. Influence of zeolite and superphosphate as additives on antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities during factory-scale chicken manure composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 263:393-401. [PMID: 29772500 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Factory-scale chicken manure composting added with zeolite (F), superphosphate (G), or zeolite and ferrous sulfate (FL) simultaneously, were evaluate for their effects on the behaviors of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and bacterial communities. After composting, ARGs in manure decreased by 67.3% in the control, whereas the reductions were 86.5%, 68.6% and 72.2% in F, G and FL, respectively. ARGs encoding ribosomal protection proteins (tetO, tetB(P), and tetM) were reduced to a greater extent than tetG, tetL, sul1 and sul2. Bacteria pathogens were also effectively removed by composting. Network analysis showed that Firmicutes were the important potential host bacteria for ARGs. The bacterial communities and environmental factors, as well as the intI gene, contributed significantly to the variation of ARGs. The ARGs and integrons were reduced more when zeolite was added than when superphosphate was added; thus, it may be useful for reducing the risks of ARGs in chicken manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210017, China
| | - Huijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Dan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Xiangui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.
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Kabdaşlı I, Tünay O. Nutrient recovery by struvite precipitation, ion exchange and adsorption from source-separated human urine – a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21622515.2018.1473504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Işık Kabdaşlı
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, İstanbul Technical University, Sarıyer, İstanbul, Republic of Turkey
| | - Olcay Tünay
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, İstanbul Technical University, Sarıyer, İstanbul, Republic of Turkey
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24
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Ammonium removal from digested effluent of swine wastewater by using solid residue from magnesium-hydroxide flue gas desulfurization process. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Sánchez ÓJ, Ospina DA, Montoya S. Compost supplementation with nutrients and microorganisms in composting process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 69:136-153. [PMID: 28823698 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The composting is an aerobic, microorganism-mediated, solid-state fermentation process by which different organic materials are transformed into more stable compounds. The product obtained is the compost, which contributes to the improvement of physical, chemical and microbiological properties of the soil. However, the compost usage in agriculture is constrained because of its long-time action and reduced supply of nutrients to the crops. To enhance the content of nutrients assimilable by the plants in the compost, its supplementation with nutrients and inoculation with microorganisms have been proposed. The objective of this work was to review the state of the art on compost supplementation with nutrients and the role played by the microorganisms involved (or added) in their transformation during the composting process. The phases of composting are briefly compiled and different strategies for supplementation are analyzed. The utilization of nitrogenous materials and addition of microorganisms fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere or oxidizing ammonia into more assimilable for plants nitrogenous forms are analyzed. Several strategies for nitrogen conservation during composting are presented as well. The supplementation with phosphorus and utilization of microorganisms solubilizing phosphorus and potassium are also discussed. Main groups of microorganisms relevant during the composting process are described as well as most important strategies to identify them. In general, the development of this type of nutrient-enriched bio-inputs requires research and development not only in the supplementation of compost itself, but also in the isolation and identification of microorganisms and genes allowing the degradation and conversion of nitrogenous substances and materials containing potassium and phosphorus present in the feedstocks undergoing the composting process. In this sense, most important research trends and strategies to increase nutrient content in the compost are provided in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar J Sánchez
- Bioprocess and Agro-industry Plant, Department of Engineering, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia.
| | - Diego A Ospina
- Bioprocess and Agro-industry Plant, Department of Engineering, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Sandra Montoya
- Bioprocess and Agro-industry Plant, Department of Engineering, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
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Zhang D, Luo W, Yuan J, Li G, Luo Y. Effects of woody peat and superphosphate on compost maturity and gaseous emissions during pig manure composting. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 68:56-63. [PMID: 28712599 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of calcium superphosphate on compost maturity and gaseous emissions during pig manure composting with woody peat as the bulking agent. Two treatments were conducted with or without the addition of calcium superphosphate (10% dry weight of the composting mass), which were denoted as the control and superphosphate-amended treatment, respectively. Results show that the composting temperature of both treatments was higher than 50°C for more than 5days, which is typically required for pathogen destruction during manure composting. Compared to the control treatment, the superphosphate-amended treatment increased the emission of nitrogen oxide, but reduced the emission of methane, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide by approximately 35.5%, 37.9% and 65.5%, respectively. As a result, the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emission during manure composting was reduced by nearly 34.7% with the addition of calcium superphosphate. The addition of calcium superphosphate increased the content of humic acid (indicated by E4/E6 ratio). Nevertheless, the superphosphate-amended treatment postponed the biological degradation of organic matter and produced the mature compost with a higher electrical conductivity in comparison with the control treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenhai Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yuan Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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27
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He H, Xu S, Han R, Wang Q. Nutrient sequestration from wastewater by using zeolite Na-P1 synthesized from coal fly ash. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:1022-1029. [PMID: 27533361 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1217061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the cation exchange property of the product zeolite Na-P1 (Z-P1) synthesized from coal fly ash (FA) by the alkali hydrothermal reaction, and to evaluate the water purification ability for the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate. High-purity Z-P1 was obtained by optimizing the reaction conditions of aging time and crystallization temperature, and using FA particles of uniform particle size. Kinetic ammonium sorption experiments with Z-P1 were well described by both the Langmuir and Freundlich models, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the Z-P1 was 23.15 mg/g. Moreover, in order to determine the effect of magnesium intervention on the ammonium and phosphate removal from simulated swine wastewater, two forms of magnesium were studied, that is Mg-saturated Z-P1 and direct use of Mg2+ source with Z-P1, as compared with the control (sole Z-P1). Results showed that Mg2+ addition could improve phosphate removal efficiency significantly by forming struvite. Furthermore, dosing Z-P1 with dissolved Mg2+ was better than Mg-saturated Z-P1 in terms of ammonium and phosphate removal efficiencies, and the preparation cost. When dosing 20 g/L Z-P1 with 4 mM Mg2+, ammonium and phosphate removal efficiencies reached 65.2% and 92.3% after 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfu He
- a School of Environment and Architecture , University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Suyun Xu
- a School of Environment and Architecture , University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Runqi Han
- a School of Environment and Architecture , University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuchen Wang
- a School of Environment and Architecture , University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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Merino-Jimenez I, Celorrio V, Fermin DJ, Greenman J, Ieropoulos I. Enhanced MFC power production and struvite recovery by the addition of sea salts to urine. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 109:46-53. [PMID: 27866103 PMCID: PMC5234473 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Urine is an excellent fuel for electricity generation in Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs), especially with practical implementations in mind. Moreover, urine has a high content in nutrients which can be easily recovered. Struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) crystals naturally precipitate in urine, but this reaction can be enhanced by the introduction of additional magnesium. In this work, the effect of magnesium additives on the power output of the MFCs and on the catholyte generation is evaluated. Several magnesium sources including MgCl2, artificial sea water and a commercially available sea salts mixture for seawater preparation (SeaMix) were mixed with real fresh human urine in order to enhance struvite precipitation. The supernatant of each mixture was tested as a feedstock for the MFCs and it was evaluated in terms of power output and catholyte generation. The commercial SeaMix showed the best performance in terms of struvite precipitation, increasing the amount of struvite in the solid collected from 21% to 94%. Moreover, the SeaMix increased the maximum power performance of the MFCs by over 10% and it also changed the properties of the catholyte collected by increasing the pH, conductivity and the concentration of chloride ions. These results demonstrate that the addition of sea-salts to real urine is beneficial for both struvite recovery and electricity generation in MFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Merino-Jimenez
- Bristol BioEnergy Centre, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of the West of England, BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Veronica Celorrio
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - David J Fermin
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - John Greenman
- Bristol BioEnergy Centre, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of the West of England, BS16 1QY, UK; Biological, Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, University of the West of England, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Ioannis Ieropoulos
- Bristol BioEnergy Centre, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of the West of England, BS16 1QY, UK; Biological, Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, University of the West of England, BS16 1QY, UK.
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Kazemi K, Zhang B, Lye LM, Cai Q, Cao T. Design of experiment (DOE) based screening of factors affecting municipal solid waste (MSW) composting. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 58:107-117. [PMID: 27601329 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A design of experiment (DOE) based methodology was adopted in this study to investigate the effects of multiple factors and their interactions on the performance of a municipal solid waste (MSW) composting process. The impact of four factors, carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N), moisture content (MC), type of bulking agent (BA) and aeration rate (AR) on the maturity, stability and toxicity of compost product was investigated. The statistically significant factors were identified using final C/N, germination index (GI) and especially the enzyme activities as responses. Experimental results validated the use of enzyme activities as proper indices during the course of composting. Maximum enzyme activities occurred during the active phase of decomposition. MC has a significant effect on dehydrogenase activity (DGH), β-glucosidase activity (BGH), phosphodiesterase activity (PDE) and the final moisture content of the compost. C/N is statistically significant for final C/N, DGH, BGH, and GI. The results provided guidance to optimize a MSW composting system that will lead to increased decomposition rate and the production of more stable and mature compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoshrooz Kazemi
- Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Baiyu Zhang
- Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Leonard M Lye
- Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Qinghong Cai
- Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Tong Cao
- Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
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Wang X, Selvam A, Wong JWC. Influence of lime on struvite formation and nitrogen conservation during food waste composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 217:227-232. [PMID: 27020123 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the feasibility of supplementing lime with struvite salts to reduce ammonia emission and salinity consequently to accelerate the compost maturity. Composting was performed in 20-L bench-scale reactors for 35days using artificial food waste mixed with sawdust at 1.2:1 (w/w dry basis), and Mg and P salts (MgO and K2HPO4, respectively). Nitrogen loss was significantly reduced from 44.3% to 27.4% during composting through struvite formation even with the addition of lime. Lime addition significantly reduced the salinity to less than 4mS/cm with a positive effect on improving compost maturity. Thus addition of both lime and struvite salts synergistically provide advantages to buffer the pH, reduce ammonia emission and salinity, and accelerate food waste composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ammaiyappan Selvam
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Jiang T, Ma X, Tang Q, Yang J, Li G, Schuchardt F. Combined use of nitrification inhibitor and struvite crystallization to reduce the NH3 and N2O emissions during composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 217:210-218. [PMID: 26865057 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Struvite crystallization (SCP) is combined with a nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide, DCD) to mitigate the NH3 and N2O emission during composting. The MgO and H3PO4 were added at a rate of 15% (mole/mole) of initial nitrogen, and the DCD was added at rates of 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10% (w/w) of initial nitrogen respectively. Results showed that the combination use of SCP and DCD was phytotoxin free. The SCP could significantly reduce NH3 losses by 45-53%, but not the DCD. The DCD significantly inhibits nitrification when the content was higher than 50mgkg(-1), and that could reduce the N2O emission by 76.1-77.6%. The DCD degraded fast during the thermophilic phase, as the nitrification will be inhibited by the high temperature and high free ammonia content in this stage, the DCD was suggested to be applied in the maturing periods by 2.5% of initial nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614004, China; College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuguang Ma
- College of Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614004, China
| | - Qiong Tang
- College of Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614004, China
| | - Juan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614004, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Frank Schuchardt
- Johann Heinrich von Thuenen-Institute, Institute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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Jiang T, Ma X, Yang J, Tang Q, Yi Z, Chen M, Li G. Effect of different struvite crystallization methods on gaseous emission and the comprehensive comparison during the composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 217:219-226. [PMID: 26927235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study compared 4 different struvite crystallization process (SCP) during the composting of pig feces. Four combinations of magnesium and phosphate salts (H3PO4+MgO (PMO), KH2PO4+MgSO4 (KPM), Ca(H2PO4)2+MgSO4 (CaPM), H3PO4+MgSO4 (PMS)) were assessed and were also compared to a control group (CK) without additives. The magnesium and phosphate salts were all supplemented at a level equivalent to 15% of the initial nitrogen content on a molar basis. The SCP significantly reduced NH3 emission by 50.7-81.8%, but not the N2O. Although PMS group had the lowest NH3 emission rate, the PMO treatment had the highest struvite content in the end product. The addition of sulphate decreased CH4 emission by 60.8-74.6%. The CaPM treatment significantly decreased NH3 (59.2%) and CH4 (64.9%) emission and yielded compost that was completely matured. Due to its effective performance and low cost, the CaPM was suggested to be used in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614004, China; College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuguang Ma
- College of Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614004, China
| | - Juan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614004, China
| | - Qiong Tang
- College of Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614004, China
| | - Zhigang Yi
- College of Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614004, China
| | - Maoxia Chen
- College of Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614004, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Chan MT, Selvam A, Wong JWC. Reducing nitrogen loss and salinity during 'struvite' food waste composting by zeolite amendment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:838-844. [PMID: 26590758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Struvite formation during composting through supplementation of Mg and P salts conserved nitrogen but in the same time increased the electrical conductivity (EC) of the compost limiting its application. Therefore the present study aimed at utilizing zeolite to control the EC under 'struvite' composting of food waste. Zeolite at 5% and 10% (dry weight basis) was supplemented to the composting mass receiving Mg and P salts and compared with treatment with Mg and P salts only and the control without any amendment. Addition of Mg and P salts effectively buffered the pH to ∼8.0 but also increased the EC of the compost to 6.45mS/cm. Co-amendment with 10% zeolite effectively reduced the EC down to 2.82mS/cm and improved compost maturity. It also increased the adsorption of ammonium ions reducing ammonia loss to 18% resulting in higher total nitrogen content in the final compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ting Chan
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ammaiyappan Selvam
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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34
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Darwish M, Aris A, Puteh MH, Abideen MZ, Othman MN. Ammonium-Nitrogen Recovery from Wastewater by Struvite Crystallization Technology. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2015.1119699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Lee EY, Oh MH, Yang SH, Yoon TH. Struvite Crystallization of Anaerobic Digestive Fluid of Swine Manure Containing Highly Concentrated Nitrogen. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:1053-60. [PMID: 26104412 PMCID: PMC4478498 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the optimal operation factors for struvite crystallization for removing and recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from anaerobic digestive fluid of swine manure containing highly concentrated nitrogen was determined. Every experiment for the struvite crystallization reaction was conducted by placing 1,000 mL of digestion fluid in a 2,000 mL Erlenmeyer flask at various temperatures, pH, and mixing speed. Except for special circumstances, the digestion fluid was centrifuged (10,000 rpm, 10 min) and then the supernatant was used for the experiment at room temperature and 100 rpm. The optimal mole ratio of PO4 (3-):Mg(2+) was 1:1.5, and the pH effect ranging from 9 to 11 was similar, when mixed for 1 hour. Under this condition, the removal efficiency of NH4 (+)-N and PO4 (3-)-P was 40% and 88.6%, respectively. X-shaped crystal was observed by light and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, struvite crystal structure was confirmed through X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Lee
- Animal Environment Division, National Institute of animal Science, RDA, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - Min Hwan Oh
- Animal Environment Division, National Institute of animal Science, RDA, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - Seung-Hak Yang
- Animal Environment Division, National Institute of animal Science, RDA, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - Tae Han Yoon
- Dodram Environment Research Center Co. Ltd, Icheon 467-842, Korea
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36
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Yang F, Li G, Shi H, Wang Y. Effects of phosphogypsum and superphosphate on compost maturity and gaseous emissions during kitchen waste composting. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 36:70-76. [PMID: 25481697 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of phosphogypsum and superphosphate on the maturity and gaseous emissions of composting kitchen waste. Two amended compost treatments were conducted using phosphogypsum and superphosphate as additives with the addition of 10% of initial raw materials (dry weight). A control treatment was also studied. The treatments were conducted under aerobic conditions in 60-L reactors for 35 days. Maturity indexes were determined, and continuous measurements of CH4, N2O, and NH3 were taken. Phosphogypsum and superphosphate had no negative effects on compost maturity, although superphosphate inhibited the temperature rise in the first few days. The addition of phosphogypsum and superphosphate drastically reduced CH4 emissions (by 85.8% and 80.5%, respectively) and decreased NH3 emissions (by 23.5% and 18.9%, respectively). However, a slight increase in N2O emissions (by 3.2% and 14.8%, respectively) was observed. Composting with phosphogypsum and superphosphate reduced total greenhouse gas emissions by 17.4% and 7.3% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hong Shi
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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37
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Rogers CJ, ten Broek CM, Hodson B, Whitehead MP, Schmerer WM, Sutton R. Identification of Crystals Forming on Porcine Articular Cartilage: A New Method for the Estimation of the Postmortem Interval. J Forensic Sci 2014; 59:1575-82. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara M.A. ten Broek
- Evolutionary Ecology Group; Department of Biology; University of Antwerp; 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Barbara Hodson
- School of Applied Sciences; University of Wolverhampton; Wolverhampton U.K. WV1 1SB
| | - Michael P. Whitehead
- School of Biology; Chemistry and Forensic Science; Faculty of Science and Engineering; University of Wolverhampton; Wolverhampton U.K. WV1 1SB
| | - Wera M. Schmerer
- School of Biology; Chemistry and Forensic Science; Faculty of Science and Engineering; University of Wolverhampton; Wolverhampton U.K. WV1 1SB
| | - Raul Sutton
- School of Biology; Chemistry and Forensic Science; Faculty of Science and Engineering; University of Wolverhampton; Wolverhampton U.K. WV1 1SB
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38
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Sinha A, Singh A, Kumar S, Khare SK, Ramanan A. Microbial mineralization of struvite: a promising process to overcome phosphate sequestering crisis. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 54:33-43. [PMID: 24531293 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to extensive exploitation of non-renewable phosphate minerals, their natural reserves will exhaust very soon. This necessitates looking for alternatives and an efficient methodology through which indispensable phosphorus can be harvested back. The current study was undertaken to explore the potential of a metallophilic bacterium Enterobacter sp. EMB19 for the recovery of phosphorus as phosphate rich mineral. A very low phosphate concentration strategy was adopted. The process led to the mineralization of phosphorus as homogeneous struvite crystals. For each gram of Epsom salt added, the cells effectively mineralized about 20% of the salt into struvite. The effect of different inorganic sources, culture profile and plausible mechanism involved in crystal formation was also explored. The synthesized struvite crystals typically possessed a prismatic crystal habit. The characterization and identification of the crystals were done using single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The thermal characteristics were studied using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) processes. The synthesis of struvite by this bacterium seems to be a promising and viable strategy since it serves dual purpose (i) obtaining phosphorus and nitrogen rich fertilizer and (ii) conservation of natural phosphate reserves. This study is very significant in the sense that the process may be used for harvesting and synthesizing other valuable minerals. Also, it will provide new insights into phosphate biomineralization mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Khare
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Arunachalam Ramanan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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39
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Rahman MM, Salleh MAM, Rashid U, Ahsan A, Hossain MM, Ra CS. Production of slow release crystal fertilizer from wastewaters through struvite crystallization – A review. ARAB J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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40
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Wang X, Selvam A, Chan M, Wong JWC. Nitrogen conservation and acidity control during food wastes composting through struvite formation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 147:17-22. [PMID: 23981269 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the main problems of food waste composting is the intensive acidification due to initial rapid fermentation that retards decomposition efficiency. Lime addition overcame this problem, but resulted in significant loss of nitrogen as ammonia that reduces the nutrient contents of composts. Therefore, this study investigated the feasibility of struvite formation as a strategy to control pH and reduce nitrogen loss during food waste composting. MgO and K2HPO4 were added to food waste in different molar ratios (P1, 1:1; P2, 1:2), and composted in 20-L composters. Results indicate that K2HPO4 buffered the pH in treatment P2 besides supplementing phosphate into the compost. In P2, organic decomposition reached 64% while the formation of struvite effectively reduced the nitrogen loss from 40.8% to 23.3% during composting. However, electrical conductivity of the compost increased due to the addition of Mg and P salts that requires further investigation to improve this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ammaiyappan Selvam
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Manting Chan
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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Rahman MM, Liu Y, Kwag JH, Ra C. Recovery of struvite from animal wastewater and its nutrient leaching loss in soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 186:2026-30. [PMID: 21236571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants in swine wastewater were recovered in the form of struvite, a crystal of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP), using a newly designed process, and the leaching loss of MAP in soil was examined. The continuous flow process was operated under optimal conditions: 1.0 molar ratio of magnesium (Mg) addition with respect to orthophosphate (OP) and an aeration rate of 0.73 L/L min. Five treatments were performed with three replications for soil pH and nutrient leaching loss tests. It was found that 93% of the OP in the swine wastewater was crystallized, and the MAP crystal formation was verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses. The analyses revealed that the pattern of pH change and N leaching losses for MAP-treated soil were remarkably different from those for fused super phosphate (FSP)-urea-treated soils. The pH levels for the control and FSP-urea-treated soils after a five-week experiment were unchanged or slightly decreased, whereas an increase in pH was observed in the MAP-treated soils. Leaching loss of N was higher in FSP-urea treatments, with MAP treatments showing N losses of only 1.93 and 2.05%, respectively, while FSP-urea treatments showed N losses of 7.82 and 6.47%, respectively, during the same period. Phosphate (P) leaching was very slow in both MAP- and FSP-treated groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md M Rahman
- Laboratory of Livestock Environment, College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea
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Korchef A, Saidou H, Ben Amor M. Phosphate recovery through struvite precipitation by CO2 removal: effect of magnesium, phosphate and ammonium concentrations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 186:602-613. [PMID: 21134714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the precipitation of struvite (MgNH(4)PO(4)·6H(2)O) using the CO(2) degasification technique is investigated. The precipitation of struvite was done from supersaturated solutions in which precipitation was induced by the increase of the solution supersaturation concomitant with the removal of dissolved carbon dioxide. The effect of magnesium, phosphate and ammonium concentrations on the kinetics and the efficiency of struvite precipitation was measured monitoring the respective concentrations in solution. In all cases struvite precipitated exclusively and the solid was characterized by powder XRD and FTIR. The morphology of the precipitated crystals was examined by scanning electronic microscopy and it was found that it exhibited the typical prismatic pattern of the struvite crystals with sizes in the range between 100 and 300 μm. The increase of magnesium concentration in the supersaturated solutions, resulted for all phosphate concentration tested, in significantly higher phosphate removal efficiency. Moreover, it is interesting to note that in this case the adhesion of the suspended struvite crystals to the reactor walls was reduced suggesting changes in the particle characteristics. The increase of phosphate concentration in the supersaturated solutions, for the magnesium concentrations tested resulted to the reduction of struvite suppression which reached complete suppression of the precipitate formation. Excess of ammonium in solution was found favour struvite precipitation. Contrary to the results found with increasing the magnesium concentration in solution, higher ammonium concentrations resulted to higher adhesion of the precipitated crystallites to the reactor walls. The results of the present work showed that it is possible to recover phosphorus in the form of struvite from wastewater reducing water pollution and at the same time saving valuable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef Korchef
- Centre of Waters Researches and Technologies, Technopark of Borj-Cedria, CERTE, Soliman, Tunisia.
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Fukumoto Y, Suzuki K, Kuroda K, Waki M, Yasuda T. Effects of struvite formation and nitratation promotion on nitrogenous emissions such as NH3, N2O and NO during swine manure composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:1468-1474. [PMID: 20952186 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To reduce nitrogenous emissions from composting, two different countermeasures were applied simultaneously in swine manure composting. One was forming struvite by adding Mg and P at the start of composting, and the other was to promote nitratation (nitrite being oxidized nitrate) by adding nitrite-oxidizing bacteria after the thermophilic phase of composting. In the laboratory- and mid-scale composting experiments, 25-43% of NH3, 52-80% of N2O and 96-99% of NO emissions were reduced. From the nitrogen balance, it was revealed that the struvite formation reduced not only NH3, but also other nitrogenous emissions except N2O. The amount of total nitrogen losses was reduced by 60% by the two combined countermeasures, against 51% by the struvite formation alone. However, the nitratation promotion dissolved struvite crystals due to the pH decline, diminishing the effect of struvite as a slow-release fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Fukumoto
- Pollution Control Research Team, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Lee JE, Kwag JH, Ra CS. Influence of Compost Recycling and Magnesium Supplement on Physical and Chemical Traits of Animal Manure Compost. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2010.52.6.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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