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Optimizing land use systems of an agricultural watershed in China to meet ecological and economic requirements for future sustainability. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Ryu HS, Kang TW, Kim K, Nam TH, Han YU, Kim J, Kim MS, Lim H, Seo KA, Lee K, Yoon SH, Hwang SH, Na EH, Lee JH. Tracking nitrate sources in agricultural-urban watershed using dual stable isotope and Bayesian mixing model approach: Considering N transformation by Lagrangian sampling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113693. [PMID: 34547573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A dual isotopes approach and the Bayesian isotope mixing model were applied to trace nitrogen pollution sources and to quantify their relative contribution to river water quality. We focused on two points to enhance the applicability of the method: 1) Direct measurement on the end-members to distinguish "sewage" and "manure" which used to be grouped in one pollution source as their isotope ranges overlap; 2) The Lagrangian sampling method was applied to consider the transport of nitrogen pollutants in a long river so that any fractionation process can be dealt with in the given Bayesian modeling framework. The results of the analysis confirmed the NO3- isotope composition in the river of interest to be within the range of NO3- with origins in "NH4+ in fertilizer", "Soil N", and "Manure and sewage" pollution. This suggests that nitrogen pollution is mostly attributed to anthropogenic sources. The δ18O NO3 value follows the range +2.5∼+15.0‰, implying that NO3- in the river is mainly derived from nitrification, and possible nitrification in groundwater or waterfront other than surface water. The ratio of the concentration of δ15N NO3 to that of δ18O NO3, and the corresponding regression equation indicates that the denitrification effect in surface water was insignificant during the study period. From the results of the contribution ratio of each source, improving the water quality of the discharge from the sewage treatment plants was proved to be the key factor to reduce nitrogen pollution in the river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Seong Ryu
- Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Daegu, 43008, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Woo Kang
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyunghyun Kim
- Watershed and Total Load Management Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Hui Nam
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeong-Un Han
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Seob Kim
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyejung Lim
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Ae Seo
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyounghee Lee
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suk-Hee Yoon
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon Hong Hwang
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Hye Na
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gwangju, 61011, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Ho Lee
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, Kyeongsangbuk-do, 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Chang D, Lai Z, Li S, Li D, Zhou J. Critical source areas' identification for non-point source pollution related to nitrogen and phosphorus in an agricultural watershed based on SWAT model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:47162-47181. [PMID: 33886049 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water eutrophication caused by the extensive expansion of slope farming has caused the high attention of the Chinese government. We choose Lake Tianmu basin as the study area because it can represent vast majority of basins plagued by water eutrophication derived from slope tillage in southern China. The water ecosystem in the reservoir Daxi and Shahe within the basin has been seriously threatened by multiple pollution sources related to many intricate human activities especially agricultural production. For the first time, we identified the critical source areas (CSAs) within the basin based on nutrient load and nutrient load intensity (NLI), and on this basis, we further excavated the main causes of pollution and proposed pertinent remediation measures. The results based on the calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool model indicated that the TN load of each reservoir remarkably exceeded their respective water environmental capacity from 2014 to 2018. Accordingly, six main tributaries with great nutrient contributions and their corresponding sub-basins were then identified. Overall, tea and rice plantations appear to be the major nutrient contributors to reservoir Daxi. And the main nutrient sources for reservoir Shahe are tea plantations, orchards, farmland, forestland, and point sources. Regarding the CSAs identified only by nutrient load, agronomic measures such as reducing fertilizer amount, biochar application, straw incorporation, and plastic mulch coverage can be employed to improve soil water retention and curb soil erosion. Regarding the CSAs identified by nutrient load intensity (NLI), the CSAs with narrow areas should be turned directly into forestland. For the CSAs with large areas, engineering measures such as constructing ecological riparian zone, filtration, and sedimentation tank can be employed to prevent pollutants from entering downstream reaches. Overall, the present results can provide the decision-making support for the safe and efficient management of watershed land use in southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chang
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhengqing Lai
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Shuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Dan Li
- Jiangsu Province Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau Changzhou Branch, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau Changzhou Branch, Changzhou, 213000, China
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Cui N, Cai M, Zhang X, Abdelhafez AA, Zhou L, Sun H, Chen G, Zou G, Zhou S. Runoff loss of nitrogen and phosphorus from a rice paddy field in the east of China: Effects of long-term chemical N fertilizer and organic manure applications. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Effects of Changing Fertilization since the 1980s on Nitrogen Runoff and Leaching in Rice–Wheat Rotation Systems, Taihu Lake Basin. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12030886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The nitrogen (N) loss associated with intensive agricultural activities is a significant cause of eutrophication and algal blooms in freshwater ecosystems. Taihu Lake has experienced serious surface water quality deterioration and eutrophication problems since the 1980s. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of fertilization changes since the 1980s on the N loss with runoff and leaching in the rice–wheat cropping rotation system. According to the results published in the literature since the 1980s, we set up four fertilization scenarios—N1980s: a fertilization rate of 350 kg N·ha−1·year−1 with 30% in manure fertilization to simulate fertilization in the 1980s; NA1990s: a fertilization rate of 500 kg N·ha−1·year−1 with 10% in manure fertilization to simulate fertilization in the early 1990s; NL1990s: fertilization rate of 600 kg N·ha−1·year−1 with 10% in manure fertilization to simulate fertilization in the late 1990s; and N2000s: fertilization rate of 550 kg N·ha−1·year−1 with all chemicals to simulate fertilization in the 2000s. Then, we calibrated and validated the DNDC (denitrification–decomposition) model through field experiments in two rice–wheat rotation seasons from November 2011 to October 2013 and simulated the N loss with runoff and leaching since the 1980s. The results show that N losses with leaching in the four periods (N 1980s, NA1990s, NL1990s, and N2000s) were 5.2 ± 2.1, 9.4 ± 3.2, 14.4 ± 4.6 and 13.5 ± 4.6 kg N·ha−1·year−1, respectively. N losses with surface runoff were 7.9 ± 3.9, 18.3 ± 7.2, 25.4 ± 10.2, and 26.5 ± 10.6 kg N·ha−1·year−1, respectively. The total N loss through runoff and leaching showed an increasing trend from 1980 to the late 1990s, when it reached its peak. The increase in N export to water due to fertilizer application occurs mainly during the rainy season from March to August, and especially from June to August, when rainfall events and intensive rice fertilization activities are frequent. After the 1990s, when the fertilizer rate was above 500 kg N·ha−1·year−1, the crop yields no longer increased significantly, which indicates that the optimized fertilization rate to balance crop yields and N loss to water is lower than 500 kg N·ha−1·year−1. The increase in fertilizer use has been unnecessary since the early 1990s, and at least about 30% of the N loss could have been prevented without reducing crop yields.
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Zhang J, Ni S, Wu W, Huang X, Jiang H, Li Q, Wang J, Wu G, Zorn C, Yu C. Evaluating the effectiveness of the pollutant discharge permit program in China: A case study of the Nenjiang River Basin. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 251:109501. [PMID: 31542624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
China is continually seeking to improve river water quality. Implemented in 1996, the total pollutant load control system (TPLCS) is a regulatory strategy to reduce total pollutant loads, under which a Pollutant Discharge Permit (PDP) program tracks and regulates nutrient inputs from point source polluters. While this has been promising, the input-response relationship between discharge permits and water quality targets is largely unclear - especially in China's large and complex river basins. In response, this study involved a quantitative analysis method to combine the water quality targets of the 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015) with allocated PDPs in the Nenjiang River Basin, China. We demonstrated our approach by applying the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to the Nenjiang River Basin for hydrological and water quality simulation. Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) was used as the primary water quality indicator. Modelling indicated that only one control section in the wider river basin did not achieve the water quality target, suggesting that the TPLCS is largely effective. The framework should be applied in other basins to study the effectiveness of PDP policies, advise further updates to the TPLCS, and ultimately aim to achieve freshwater quality targets nationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Coastal Zone of the Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; School of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shaoqiang Ni
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiao Huang
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Saerheim, Klepp st., 4353, Norway; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongqiang Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Qingquan Li
- Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Coastal Zone of the Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; School of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jinnan Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guofeng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Coastal Zone of the Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Conrad Zorn
- Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chaoqing Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Ma P, Liu S, Yu Q, Li X, Han X. Sources and transformations of anthropogenic nitrogen in the highly disturbed Huai River Basin, Eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:11153-11169. [PMID: 30796665 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to serious nitrogen pollution in the Huai River, Eastern China, nitrogenous concentrations and dual stable isotopes (δ15N and δ18O) were measured to ascertain the sources and transformation of nitrogen in the Shaying River, the largest and most polluted tributary of the Huai River during the summer and winter seasons. Total nitrogen (TN), NO3-, and NH4+ were significantly higher in winter, with values of 7.84 ± 3.44 mg L-1, 2.31 ± 0.81 mg L-1, and 3.00 ± 2.24 mg L-1, respectively, while the highest nitrogen compounds occurred in the Jialu River, one of the tributaries of the Shaying River, in both summer and winter. Isotope characteristics of nitrate reveal that manure and sewage were the principal nitrate sources in both summer (62.44 ± 19.66%) and winter (67.33 ± 15.45%), followed by soil organic nitrogen, with 24.94 ± 15.52% in summer and 26.33 ± 9.45% in winter. Values of δ15N-suspended particulate nitrogen (SPN) ranged from 0.78 to 13.51%, revealing that point source from industrial and domestic sewage accounted for the largest input to SPN at most sites, whereas soil organic nitrogen and agricultural fertilizers were found in the Jialu River in both sampling periods. Point sources from septic/manure and household waste were the main contributors to ammonium in most river water samples in both summer and winter; most wastewater discharged into the river was untreated, which was one of the main reasons for the high level of ammonium in winter. Nitrogen pollution and the dams had an effect on N transformation in the river. Significant assimilation of NH4+ and aerobic denitrification competed for NH4+, resulting in the weakness of nitrification in the summer. Denitrification was also an important process of nitrate removal during the summer, whereas nitrification was a key N transformation process in the river in the winter time. To reduce nitrogen pollution and improve water quality, greater effort should be focused on the management of sources from urban input as well as on the improvement in sewage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Ma
- Henan University of Engineering, No. 1 Xianghe Road, Zhengzhou, 451191, Henan, China.
| | - Shuaixia Liu
- Henan University of Engineering, No. 1 Xianghe Road, Zhengzhou, 451191, Henan, China
| | - Qibiao Yu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xinqing Han
- Zhoukou hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau, Zhoukou, 466000, Henan, China
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The Assessment of Green Water Based on the SWAT Model: A Case Study in the Hai River Basin, China. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10060798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yi Q, Chen Q, Hu L, Shi W. Tracking Nitrogen Sources, Transformation, and Transport at a Basin Scale with Complex Plain River Networks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5396-5403. [PMID: 28425288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This research developed an innovative approach to reveal nitrogen sources, transformation, and transport in large and complex river networks in the Taihu Lake basin using measurement of dual stable isotopes of nitrate. The spatial patterns of δ15N corresponded to the urbanization level, and the nitrogen cycle was associated with the hydrological regime at the basin level. During the high flow season of summer, nonpoint sources from fertilizer/soils and atmospheric deposition constituted the highest proportion of the total nitrogen load. The point sources from sewage/manure, with high ammonium concentrations and high δ15N and δ18O contents in the form of nitrate, accounted for the largest inputs among all sources during the low flow season of winter. Hot spot areas with heavy point source pollution were identified, and the pollutant transport routes were revealed. Nitrification occurred widely during the warm seasons, with decreased δ18O values; whereas great potential for denitrification existed during the low flow seasons of autumn and spring. The study showed that point source reduction could have effects over the short-term; however, long-term efforts to substantially control agriculture nonpoint sources are essential to eutrophication alleviation for the receiving lake, which clarifies the relationship between point and nonpoint source control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitao Yi
- Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology , Huainan 232001, China
| | - Qiuwen Chen
- Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute , Nanjing 210098, China
- Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Liuming Hu
- Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute , Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wenqing Shi
- Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute , Nanjing 210098, China
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Zhuang Y, Hong S, Zhan FB, Zhang L. Influencing factor analysis of phosphorus loads from non-point source: a case study in central China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:718. [PMID: 26514801 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The influence factor analysis for non-point source (NPS) pollution is very important to taking effective water pollution control measures. In this study, the self-organizing map (SOM) and linear model analysis were used to analyze the relationships between total phosphorus (TP) loads and influencing factors, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The land-use type, topography, and vegetation coverage were the main factors influencing the export of TP loads in Tangxun watershed. Slope and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were chosen as characteristic indices of topography and vegetation coverage, respectively. For the whole watershed, the high TP loads were mainly distributed in areas with high slope and low vegetation coverage for a specific land-use type. For different land types, the slope significantly influenced the export of TP loads in waste/bare land and forest/green land while NDVI influenced the export of TP loads in forest/green land and farmland. In terms of multi-factor analysis, the comprehensive influence of slope and NDVI on TP loads showed as waste/bare land>forest/green land>farmland>rural/urban construction land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Song Hong
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
- Department of Geography, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
| | - F Benjamin Zhan
- Department of Geography, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, China
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Zhu QD, Sun JH, Hua GF, Wang JH, Wang H. Runoff characteristics and non-point source pollution analysis in the Taihu Lake Basin: a case study of the town of Xueyan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:15029-15036. [PMID: 26002368 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-point source pollution is a significant environmental issue in small watersheds in China. To study the effects of rainfall on pollutants transported by runoff, rainfall was monitored in Xueyan town in the Taihu Lake Basin (TLB) for over 12 consecutive months. The concentrations of different forms of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and chemical oxygen demand, were monitored in runoff and river water across different land use types. The results indicated that pollutant loads were highly variable. Most N losses due to runoff were found around industrial areas (printing factories), while residential areas exhibited the lowest nitrogen losses through runoff. Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) were the dominant forms of soluble N around printing factories and hotels, respectively. The levels of N in river water were stable prior to the generation of runoff from a rainfall event, after which they were positively correlated to rainfall intensity. In addition, three sites with different areas were selected for a case study to analyze trends in pollutant levels during two rainfall events, using the AnnAGNPS model. The modeled results generally agreed with the observed data, which suggests that AnnAGNPS can be used successfully for modeling runoff nutrient loading in this region. The conclusions of this study provide important information on controlling non-point source pollution in TLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q D Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
- Department of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Science, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - J H Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Science, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - G F Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Science, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - J H Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China.
| | - H Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
- Department of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
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Yi Q, Li H, Lee JW, Kim Y. WITHDRAWN: Development of EMC-based empirical model for estimating spatial distribution of pollutant loads and its application in rural areas of Korea. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 35:1-11. [PMID: 26354686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published in Desalination Water Treat., 27:1-3, 175-188, http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2011.2736. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitao Yi
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.
| | - Hui Li
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Dowha Engineering Consulting Co. Ltd., Seoul 135518, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngchul Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan 356706, Republic of Korea
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Identification of Major Risk Sources for Surface Water Pollution by Risk Indexes (RI) in the Multi-Provincial Boundary Region of the Taihu Basin, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:10150-70. [PMID: 26308032 PMCID: PMC4555335 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120810150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental safety in multi-district boundary regions has been one of the focuses in China and is mentioned many times in the Environmental Protection Act of 2014. Five types were categorized concerning the risk sources for surface water pollution in the multi-provincial boundary region of the Taihu basin: production enterprises, waste disposal sites, chemical storage sites, agricultural non-point sources and waterway transportations. Considering the hazard of risk sources, the purification property of environmental medium and the vulnerability of risk receptors, 52 specific attributes on the risk levels of each type of risk source were screened out. Continuous piecewise linear function model, expert consultation method and fuzzy integral model were used to calculate the integrated risk indexes (RI) to characterize the risk levels of pollution sources. In the studied area, 2716 pollution sources were characterized by RI values. There were 56 high-risk sources screened out as major risk sources, accounting for about 2% of the total. The numbers of sources with high-moderate, moderate, moderate-low and low pollution risk were 376, 1059, 101 and 1124, respectively, accounting for 14%, 38%, 5% and 41% of the total. The procedure proposed could be included in the integrated risk management systems of the multi-district boundary region of the Taihu basin. It could help decision makers to identify major risk sources in the risk prevention and reduction of surface water pollution.
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Bo GAO, Xiaoyuan YAN, Xiaosan JIANG, Chaopu TI. Research progress in estimation of agricultural sources pollution of the Lake Taihu region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.18307/2014.0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Duan W, Takara K, He B, Luo P, Nover D, Yamashiki Y. Spatial and temporal trends in estimates of nutrient and suspended sediment loads in the Ishikari River, Japan, 1985 to 2010. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 461-462:499-508. [PMID: 23751333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients and suspended sediment in surface water play important roles in aquatic ecosystems and contribute strongly to water quality with implication for drinking water resources, human and environmental health. Estimating loads of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and suspended sediment (SS) is complicated because of infrequent monitoring data, retransformation bias, data censoring, and non-normality. To obtain reliable unbiased estimates, the Maintenance of Variance-Extension type 3 (MOVE. 3) and the regression model Load Estimator (LOADEST) were applied to develop regression equations and to estimate total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and SS loads at five sites on the Ishikari River, Japan, from 1985 to 2010. Coefficients of determination (R(2)) for the best-fit regression models for loads of TN, TP, and SS for the five sites ranged from 71.86% to 90.94%, suggesting the model for all three constituents successfully simulated the variability in constituent loads at all studied sites. Estimated monthly average loads at Yishikarikakou-bashi were larger than at the other sites, with TN, TP, and SS loads ranging from 8.52×10(3) to 2.00×10(5) kg/day (Apr. 1999), 3.96×10(2) to 5.23×10(4) kg/ day (Apr. 1999), and 9.21×10(4) to 9.25×10(7) kg/day (Sep. 2001), respectively. Because of variation in river discharge, the estimated seasonal loads fluctuated widely over the period 1985 to 2010, with the greatest loads occurring in spring and the smallest loads occurring in winter. Estimated loads of TN, TP, and especially SS showed decreasing trends during the study period. Accurate load estimation is a necessary goal of water quality monitoring efforts and the methods described here provide essential information for effectively managing water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Duan
- Department of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Zhang Q, Shamsi IH, Wang J, Song Q, Xue Q, Yu Y, Lin X, Hussain S. Surface runoff and nitrogen (N) loss in a bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forest under different fertilization regimes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:4681-4688. [PMID: 23292200 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) losses from agricultural fields have been extensively studied. In contrast, surface runoff and N losses have rarely been considered for bamboo forests that are widespread in regions such as southern China. The thriving of bamboo industries has led to increasing fertilizer use in bamboo forests. In this study, we evaluated surface runoff and N losses in runoff following different fertilization treatments under field conditions in a bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forest in the catchment of Lake Taihu in Jiangsu, China. Under three different fertilization regimes, i.e., control, site-specific nutrient management (SSNM), and farmer's fertilization practice (FFP), the water runoff rate amounted to 356, 361, and 342 m(3) ha(-1) and accounted for 1.91, 1.98, and 1.85% of the water input, respectively, from June 2009 to May 2010. The total N losses via surface runoff ranged from 1.2 to 1.8 kg ha(-1). Compared with FFP, the SSNM treatment reduced total nitrogen (TN) and dissolved nitrogen (DN) losses by 31 and 34%, respectively. The results also showed that variations in N losses depended mainly on runoff fluxes, not N concentrations. Runoff samples collected from all treatments throughout the year showed TN concentrations greater than 0.35 mg L(-1), with the mean TN concentration in the runoff from the FFP treatment reaching 8.97 mg L(-1). The loss of NO3(-)-N was greater than the loss of NH4(+)-N. The total loss of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) reached 23-41% of the corresponding DN. Therefore, DON is likely the main N species in runoff from bamboo forests and should be emphasized in the assessment and management of N losses in bamboo forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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Liu B, Liu H, Zhang B, Bi J. Modeling nutrient release in the Tai Lake basin of China: source identification and policy implications. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 51:724-737. [PMID: 23322129 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-012-9999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Because nutrient enrichment has become increasingly severe in the Tai Lake Basin of China, identifying sources and loads is crucial for watershed nutrient management. This paper develops an empirical framework to estimate nutrient release from five major sectors, which requires fewer input parameters and produces acceptable accuracy. Sectors included are industrial manufacturing, livestock breeding (industrial and family scale), crop agriculture, household consumption (urban and rural), and atmospheric deposition. Results show that in the basin (only the five sectors above), total nutrient loads of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) into aquatic systems in 2008 were 33043.2 tons N a(-1) and 5254.4 tons P a(-1), and annual area-specific nutrient loads were 1.94 tons N km(-2) and 0.31 tons P km(-2). Household consumption was the major sector having the greatest impact (46 % in N load, 47 % in P load), whereas atmospheric deposition (18 %) and crop agriculture (15 %) sectors represented other significant proportions of N load. The load estimates also indicate that 32 % of total P came from the livestock breeding sector, making it the second largest phosphorus contributor. According to the nutrient pollution sectors, six best management practices are selected for cost-effectiveness analysis, and feasible options are recommended. Overall, biogas digester construction on industrial-scale farms is proven the most cost-effective, whereas the building of rural decentralized facilities is the best alternative under extreme financial constraint. However, the reduction potential, average monetary cost, and other factors such as risk tolerance of policy makers should all be considered in the actual decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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