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Huang X, Wu M, Chen Y, Feng L, Ji F, Li L, Huang L, Wang Y, Shen F, Deng S, Fang D. Ultrahigh carbon utilization in symbiotic biofilm-sludge denitrification systems using polymers as sole electron donors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 408:131194. [PMID: 39094962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The polymer-based denitrification system is an effective nitrate removal process for treating low carbon/nitrogen wastewater. However, in polymer denitrification systems, carbon used for the denitrification reaction is weakly targeted. Improving the efficiency of carbon utilization in denitrification is important to reduce carbon wastage. In this study, a symbiotic biofilm-sludge denitrification system was constructed using polycaprolactone as electron donors. Results show that the carbon release amount in 120 days was 85.32±0.46 g, and the unit mass of polycaprolactone could remove 1.55±0.01 g NO3--N. Meaningfully, the targeted carbon utilization efficiency for denitrification could achieve 79%-85%. The quantitative results showed that the release of electron donors can be well matched to the demand for electron acceptors in the biofilm-sludge denitrification system. Overall, the symbiotic system can improve the nitrate removal efficiency and reduce the waste of carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjuan Huang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mengting Wu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuzhe Chen
- China Southwest Architectural Design and Research Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Longkang Feng
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fangying Ji
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liping Huang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fei Shen
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Provincial Engineering Center of Agricultural Environmental Pollution Control, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shihuai Deng
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dexin Fang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Ortmeyer F, Guerreiro MA, Begerow D, Banning A. Modified microbiology through enhanced denitrification by addition of various organic substances-temperature effect. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:60282-60293. [PMID: 37022539 PMCID: PMC10163118 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, the environmental nitrate (NO3-) problem is increasingly coming into focus. These increases in NO3- concentration result mainly from agricultural inputs and are further exacerbated by decreasing and finite geogenic NO3- degradation capacity in aquifers. Thus, treatment methods are becoming more and more important. In this study, the effects of enhanced denitrification with addition of organic carbon (C) on thereby autochthonous occurring microbiology and compared at room temperature as well as 10 °C were investigated. Incubation of bacteria and fungi was carried out using natural sediments without degradation capacity and groundwater with high NO3- concentrations. Addition of the four applied substrates (acetate, glucose, ascorbic acid, and ethanol) results in major differences in microbial community. Cooling to 10 °C changes the microbiology again. Relative abundances of bacteria are strongly influenced by temperature, which is probably the explanation for different denitrification rates. Fungi are much more sensitive to the milieu change with organic C. Different fungi taxa preferentially occur at one of the two temperature approaches. Major modifications of the microbial community are mainly observed whose denitrification rates strongly depend on the temperature effect. Therefore, we assume a temperature optimum of enhanced denitrification specific to each substrate, which is influenced by the microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ortmeyer
- Hydrogeology Department, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen and Universitetsbyen 81, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Marco Alexandre Guerreiro
- Department of Evolution of Plants and Fungi, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Environmental Genomics, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Dominik Begerow
- Department of Evolution of Plants and Fungi, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andre Banning
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland
- University College Cork, Environmental Research Institute, Lee Road, Cork, T23 XE10, Ireland
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Hu X, Chen H, Zhang S, Song W, Li J, Wang K. Study on performance of carbon source released from fruit shells and the effect on biological denitrification in the advanced treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136173. [PMID: 36030946 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to solve the problem of shortage of carbon source for biological denitrification in advanced treatment of the effluent from secondary treatment of sewage, five kinds of fruit shells (pistachio shell, peanut shell, ginkgo shell, walnut shell and hazelnut shell) were preliminarily selected from eight kinds of fruit shells for experiments of static carbon release and denitrification. The carbon release performance (amount and law of carbon release and biodegradability of released carbon) and denitrification performance of different shells were investigated. Results showed that the peanut shell had the largest amount of carbon release (0.88 mg chemical oxygen demand [COD] g-1) and the highest removal rate of nitrate (NO3--N) (76.48% ± 4.06%). However, the released carbon could not be fully utilized by denitrifying bacteria, resulting in a (205.90% ± 59.49%) increase in effluent COD compared with influent. The amounts of carbon release of ginkgo nut shell, walnut shell, and hazelnut shell were low (0.45, 0.41, and 0.43 mg COD g-1, respectively). The released carbon could not be used easily by microorganisms. Meanwhile, the contents of degradable aromatic protein and protein-like in dissolved organic matter (DOM) were low. Even the fulvic acid-like with low biodegradability also appeared in the soaking solution of the hazelnut shell. The NO3--N and total nitrogen aveage removal rates were low in these three fruit shells and showed the removals within the 54.10-57.25% range and 52.21%-54.24% range, respectively. The amount of carbon release of pistachio shell was lower than that of peanut shell. However, the released carbon of the former was more biodegradable than that of the latter. Moreover, the relative molecular mass of DOM was small, and the contents of aromatic protein and protein-like were much higher than those of the four other kinds of fruit shells. The NO3--N removal rate (71.48% ± 0.98%) of pistachio shell was only slightly lower than that of peanut shell. In conclusion, pistachio shell was the best carbon source for biological denitrification in the advanced treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Hu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Water Purification and Utilization Technology Based on Biofilm Process, Ministry of Education, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, PR China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, PR China.
| | - Shihua Zhang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Water Purification and Utilization Technology Based on Biofilm Process, Ministry of Education, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, PR China
| | - Weiwei Song
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, PR China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, PR China
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Denitrification of leachate using composted domestic waste at different levels of stability: A batch test investigation. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Zhu Z, Zhao Y, Guo Y, Zhang R, Pan Y, Zhou T. A novel additional carbon source derived from rotten fruits: Application for the denitrification from mature landfill leachate and evaluation the economic benefits. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 334:125244. [PMID: 33962159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rotten fruits could be used as an available resource due to the high organic content and low pollution introduction. In this study, four kinds of rotten fruits including banana, apple, pear and grape, were utilized as additional carbon source to improve the nitrogen removal from mature landfill leachate. With the optimal condition of carbon-nitrogen ratio 6.5 and operation time 2 d, the rotten banana group had a higher denitrification rate of 11.78 mg/(gVSS·h) than that of other groups, corresponding the 99.55% of nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), 99.36% of total nitrogen and 94.60% of organics removal. High carbon-nitrogen ratio would contribute to more degradation of organic and humus matters, and the low cost of 0.65 €/kgNO3--N was obtained. Biodiversity analysis indicated that denitrificans and organic-degrading bacterial were enriched after the addition of rotten banana. Overall, the novel carbon source of rotten banana was a cost-efficient choice for the denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Youcai Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No. 2), Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanyan Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ruina Zhang
- Shanghai Environmental Sanitation Engineering Design Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200323, China
| | - Yong Pan
- Shanghai Chengtou Environment (Group) Co., Ltd, Shangshan Branch, Shanghai 201799, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No. 2), Shanghai 200092, China.
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6
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Wang H, Chen N, Feng C, Deng Y, Gao Y. Research on efficient denitrification system based on banana peel waste in sequencing batch reactors: Performance, microbial behavior and dissolved organic matter evolution. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126693. [PMID: 32464770 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate pollution presents a serious threat to the environment and public health. As an excellent heterotrophic denitrification carbon source, banana peel (a kind of agricultural waste) provides a feasible alternative to deal with the persistent high concentrations of nitrate pollution. Although the feasibility and economy of banana peel for denitrification have already been reported, the long-term stability and mechanism were still unclear. The coupling mechanism of organic matters and microorganism in the denitrification process was systematically investigated through a 17-cycle experiment. The results showed that significant NO3--N removal load and rate of 164.42 mg/g and 4.69 mg/(L·h) after long-term tests could be obtained. Organic matter analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the evolution of organic matter was dominated by Anaerolineaceae (fermenting bacteria), and, in the final step, the humification of organic matter was realized. Moreover, the presence of Lentimicrobium (denitrifying bacteria) was indispensable for the continuous removal of high concentrations of nitrate. The main functional gene of nitrogen transformation in this reaction system was NirS (haem-containing). This lab-scale heterotrophic denitrification process could contribute to a better understanding of the carbon and nitrogen cycles in the biogeochemical cycles to some extent, and it also provides a reference for the construction of highly efficient nitrate degradation reactors, based on agricultural wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishuang Wang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Chuanping Feng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
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7
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Sun G, Wan J, Sun Y, Li H, Chang C, Wang Y. Enhanced removal of nitrate and refractory organic pollutants from bio-treated coking wastewater using corncobs as carbon sources and biofilm carriers. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124520. [PMID: 31404739 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The quality of the bio-treated coking wastewater (BTCW) is difficult to meet increasingly stringent coking wastewater discharge standards and future wastewater recycling needs. In this study, the pre-treatment process of BTCW was installed including the two up-flow fixed-bed bioreactors (UFBRs) which were separately filled with alkali-pretreated or no alkali-pretreated corncobs used as solid carbon sources as well as biofilm carriers. Results showed that this pre-treatment process could significantly improve the biodegradability of BTCW and increase the C/N ratio. Thus, over 90% of residual nitrate in BTCW were removed stably. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis confirmed that the typical refractory organic matters decreased significantly after UFBRs pre-treatment. High-throughput sequencing analysis using 16S rRNA demonstrated that dominant denitrifiers, fermentative bacteria and refractory-organic-pollutants-degrading bacteria co-existed inside the UFBRs system. Compared with no alkali-pretreated corncobs, alkali-pretreated corncobs provided more porous structure and much stable release of carbon to guarantee the growth and the quantity of the functional bacteria such as denitrifiers. This study indicated that the UFBRs filled with alkali-pretreated corncobs could be utilized as an effective alternative for the enhanced treatment of the BTCW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Wan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yichen Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haisong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chun Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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8
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Zhang Q, Chen X, Wu H, Luo W, Liu X, Feng L, Zhao T. Comparison of Clay Ceramsite and Biodegradable Polymers as Carriers in Pack-bed Biofilm Reactor for Nitrate Removal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214184. [PMID: 31671860 PMCID: PMC6862475 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there is a trend of low C/N ratio in municipal domestic wastewater, which results in serious problems for nitrogen removal from wastewater. The addition of an external soluble carbon source has been the usual procedure to achieve denitrification. However, the disadvantage of this treatment process is the need of a closed, rather sophisticated and costly process control as well as the risk of overdosing. Solid-phase denitrification using biodegradable polymers as biofilm carrier and carbon source was considered as an attractive alternative for biological denitrification. The start-up time of the novel process using PCL (polycaprolactone) as biofilm carrier and carbon source was comparable with that of conventional process using ceramsite as biofilm carrier and acetate as carbon source. Further, the solid-phase denitrification process showed higher nitrogen removal efficiency under shorter hydraulic retention time (HRT) and low carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio since the biofilm was firmly attached to the clear pores on the surface of PCL carriers and in this process bacteria that could degrade PCL carriers to obtain electron donor for denitrification was found. In addition, solid-phase denitrification process had a stronger resistance of shock loading than that in conventional process. This study revealed, for the first time, that the physical properties of the biodegradable polymer played a vital role in denitrification, and the different microbial compositions of the two processes was the main reason for the different denitrification performances under low C/N ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Xue Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Heng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Wandong Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Li Feng
- Chongqing Academy of Environmental Science, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Tiantao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
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Rajta A, Bhatia R, Setia H, Pathania P. Role of heterotrophic aerobic denitrifying bacteria in nitrate removal from wastewater. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:1261-1278. [PMID: 31587489 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
With the increase in industrial and agricultural activities, a large amount of nitrogenous compounds are released into the environment, leading to nitrate pollution. The perilous effects of nitrate present in the environment pose a major threat to human and animal health. Bioremediation provides a cost-effective and environmental friendly method to deal with this problem. The process of aerobic denitrification can reduce nitrate compounds to harmless dinitrogen gas. This review provides a brief view of the exhaustive role played by aerobic denitrifiers for tackling nitrate pollution under different ecological niches and their dependency on various environmental parameters. It also provides an understanding of the enzymes involved in aerobic denitrification. The role of aerobic denitrification to solve the issues faced by the conventional method (aerobic nitrification-anaerobic denitrification) in treating nitrogen-polluted wastewaters is elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rajta
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - H Setia
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - P Pathania
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Margalef-Marti R, Carrey R, Soler A, Otero N. Evaluating the potential use of a dairy industry residue to induce denitrification in polluted water bodies: A flow-through experiment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 245:86-94. [PMID: 31150913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Improving the effectiveness and economics of strategies to remediate groundwater nitrate pollution is a matter of concern. In this context, the addition of whey into aquifers could provide a feasible solution to attenuate nitrate contamination by inducing heterotrophic denitrification, while recycling an industry residue. Before its application, the efficacy of the treatment must be studied at laboratory-scale to optimize the application strategy in order to avoid the generation of harmful intermediate compounds. To do this, a flow-through denitrification experiment using whey as organic C source was performed, and different C/N ratios and injection periodicities were tested. The collected samples were analyzed to determine the chemical and isotopic composition of N and C compounds. The results proved that whey could promote denitrification. Nitrate was completely removed when using either a 3.0 or 2.0 C/N ratio. However, daily injection with C/N ratios from 1.25 to 1.5 seemed advantageous, since this strategy decreased nitrate concentration to values below the threshold for water consumption while avoiding nitrite accumulation and whey release with the outflow. The isotopic results confirmed that nitrate attenuation was due to denitrification and that the production of DIC was related to bacterial whey oxidation. Furthermore, the isotopic data suggested that when denitrification was not complete, the outflow could present a mix of denitrified and nondenitrified water. The calculated isotopic fractionation values (ε15NNO3/N2 and ε18ONO3/N2) might be applied in the future to quantify the efficiency of the bioremediation treatments by whey application at field-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Margalef-Marti
- Grup MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica I Geomicrobiologia, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia I Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Raúl Carrey
- Grup MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica I Geomicrobiologia, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia I Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Soler
- Grup MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica I Geomicrobiologia, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia I Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Otero
- Grup MAiMA, SGR Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica I Geomicrobiologia, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia I Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Serra Húnter Fellowship, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
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Carrey R, Rodríguez-Escales P, Soler A, Otero N. Tracing the role of endogenous carbon in denitrification using wine industry by-product as an external electron donor: Coupling isotopic tools with mathematical modeling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 207:105-115. [PMID: 29154003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate removal through enhanced biological denitrification (EBD), consisting of the inoculation of an external electron donor, is a feasible solution for the recovery of groundwater quality. In this context, liquid waste from wine industries (wine industry by-products, WIB) may be feasible for use as a reactant to enhance heterotrophic denitrification. To address the feasibility of WIB as electron donor to promote denitrification, as well as to evaluate the role of biomass as a secondary organic C source, a flow-through experiment was carried out. Chemical and isotopic characterization was performed and coupled with mathematical modeling. Complete nitrate attenuation with no nitrite accumulation was successfully achieved after 10 days. Four different C/N molar ratios (7.0, 2.0, 1.0 and 0) were tested. Progressive decrease of the C/N ratio reduced the remaining C in the outflow and favored biomass migration, producing significant changes in dispersivity in the reactor, which favored efficient nitrate degradation. The applied mathematical model described the general trends for nitrate, ethanol, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations. This model shows how the biomass present in the system is degraded to dissolved organic C (DOCen) and becomes the main source of DOC for a C/N ratio between 1.0 and 0. The isotopic model developed for organic and inorganic carbon also describes the general trends of δ13C of ethanol, DOC and DIC in the outflow water. The study of the evolution of the isotopic fractionation of organic C using a Rayleigh distillation model shows the shift in the organic carbon source from the WIB to the biomass and is in agreement with the isotopic fractionation values used to calibrate the model. Isotopic fractionations (ε) of C-ethanol and C-DOCen were -1‰ and -5‰ (model) and -3.3‰ and -4.8‰ (Rayleigh), respectively. In addition, an inverse isotopic fractionation of +10‰ was observed for biomass degradation to DOCen. Overall, WIB can efficiently promote nitrate reduction in EBD treatments. The conceptual model of the organic C cycle and the developed mathematical model accurately described the chemical and isotopic transformations that occur during this induced denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Carrey
- Grup d'Mineralogia Aplicada i Medi Ambient, Dep. Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), C/ Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - P Rodríguez-Escales
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Spain
| | - A Soler
- Grup d'Mineralogia Aplicada i Medi Ambient, Dep. Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), C/ Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Otero
- Grup d'Mineralogia Aplicada i Medi Ambient, Dep. Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), C/ Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Serra Hunter Fellowship, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
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Li J, Li D, Cui Y, Xing W, Deng S. Micro-electrolysis/retinervus luffae-based simultaneous autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification for low C/N wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:16651-16658. [PMID: 28560622 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen bioremediation in organic insufficient wastewater generally requires an extra carbon source. In this study, nitrate-contaminated wastewater was treated effectively through simultaneous autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification based on micro-electrolysis carriers (MECs) and retinervus luffae fructus (RLF), respectively. The average nitrate and total nitrogen removal rates reached 96.3 and 94.0% in the MECs/RLF-based autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification (MRAHD) system without ammonia and nitrite accumulation. The performance of MRAHD was better than that of MEC-based autotrophic denitrification for the wastewater treatment with low carbon nitrogen (COD/N) ratio. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) revealed that the relative abundance of nirS-type denitrifiers attached to MECs (4.9%) and RLF (5.0%) was similar. Illumina sequencing suggested that the dominant genera were Thiobacillus (7.0%) and Denitratisoma (5.7%), which attached to MECs and RLF, respectively. Sulfuritalea was discovered as the dominant genus in the middle of the reactor. The synergistic interaction between autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrifiers played a vital role in the mixotrophic substrate environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Desheng Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuwei Cui
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xing
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihai Deng
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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13
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Bacterial community dynamics in a biodenitrification reactor packed with polylactic acid/poly (3-hydroxybutyrate- co -3-hydroxyvalerate) blend as the carbon source and biofilm carrier. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 123:606-612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Hang Q, Wang H, Chu Z, Ye B, Li C, Hou Z. Application of plant carbon source for denitrification by constructed wetland and bioreactor: review of recent development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:8260-8274. [PMID: 26971521 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Water quality standard for nitrate becomes more and more strict, and the plant carbon source is widely used for denitrification by constructed wetland (CW) and bioreactor. However, the nitrate removal efficiency by different types of plant carbon source are not evaluated comprehensively. Denitrification performance of different plant carbon sources, and the influence of dosing method and pretreatment are thoroughly reviewed in this paper, which aims to investigate the accurate utilization of plant carbon source for nitrogen (as nitrate) removal. It is concluded that plant carbon source addition for all types of CWs and bioreactors can improve the nitrate removal efficiency to some extent, and the dosing method of plant carbon source for denitrification should be further studied and optimized in the future. The popular carbon sources for CW and bioreactor denitrification enhancement are woodchip, chopped macrophytes, crop plants, macrophytes litters, etc. The recommended optimum C:N ratios for CW and bioreactor are 4.0:5.0 and 1.8:3.0, respectively. The physical and biological pretreatments are selected to supply organic carbon for long-term denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Hang
- State Key Laboratory Of Environmental Criteria And Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Da Yang Fang, Anwai, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Da Yang Fang, Anwai, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Of Environmental Criteria And Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Da Yang Fang, Anwai, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center for Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Da Yang Fang, Anwai, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaosheng Chu
- State Key Laboratory Of Environmental Criteria And Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Da Yang Fang, Anwai, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Lake Eco-Environments, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Da Yang Fang, Anwai, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Bibi Ye
- State Key Laboratory Of Environmental Criteria And Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Da Yang Fang, Anwai, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Lake Eco-Environments, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Da Yang Fang, Anwai, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Li
- State Key Laboratory Of Environmental Criteria And Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Da Yang Fang, Anwai, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeying Hou
- State Key Laboratory Of Environmental Criteria And Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Da Yang Fang, Anwai, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Lake Eco-Environments, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No. 8 Da Yang Fang, Anwai, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
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15
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Qiu T, Liu L, Gao M, Zhang L, Tursun H, Wang X. Effects of solid-phase denitrification on the nitrate removal and bacterial community structure in recirculating aquaculture system. Biodegradation 2016; 27:165-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-016-9764-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Biological denitrification using poly(butanediol succinate) as electron donor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6047-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Zhang Q, Ji F, Xu X. Optimization of nitrate removal from wastewater with a low C/N ratio using solid-phase denitrification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:698-708. [PMID: 26335529 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the optimization of nitrate removal from wastewater with a low C/N ratio using solid-phase denitrification was investigated. Biodegradable polymer, an attractive alternative to liquid carbon sources for biological denitrification, was used as a carbon source and biofilm support for nitrate removal. An experiment was conducted based on a central composite design (CCD) with response surface methodology (RSM). A secondary polynomial regression with nitrate removal efficiency as response value was developed. Based on statistical analysis, the nitrate removal model was highly significant with very low probability values (<0.0001). At the optimal conditions for nitrate removal (hydraulic retention time (HRT), 3.5 h; influent NO3 (-)-N concentration, 14.73 mg/L; and influent CODCr concentration, 15.00 mg/L), the nitrate removal efficiency was 99.23 %. The results of an ANOVA and response surface analysis showed that HRT, influent NO3 (-)-N concentration, influent CODCr concentration, and the interaction between the HRT and influent CODCr concentration significantly affected the nitrate removal efficiency (P < 0.05). In solid-phase denitrification process, electron donor for denitrification could be obtained by biological degradation of biodegradable polymer. Therefore, the influent CODCr concentration has no major effect on nitrate removal efficiency compared with that of HRT and influent NO3 (-)-N concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Fangying Ji
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
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18
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Evaluation of natural materials as exogenous carbon sources for biological treatment of low carbon-to-nitrogen wastewater. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:754785. [PMID: 26495313 PMCID: PMC4606129 DOI: 10.1155/2015/754785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the bacterial processes involved in the mitigation of nitrogen pollution, an adequately high carbon-to-nitrogen (C : N) ratio is key to sustain denitrification. We evaluated three natural materials (woodchips, barley grains, and peanut shells) as carbon sources for low C : N wastewater. The amount of organic matter released from these materials to aqueous media was evaluated, as well as their pollution swapping potential by measuring the release of total Kjeldahl nitrogen, N-NH4 (+), NO2 (-), and NO3 (-), and total phosphorous. Barley grains yielded the highest amount of organic matter, which also showed to be the most easily biodegradable. Woodchips and peanut shells released carbon rather steadily and so they would not require frequent replenishment from biological reactors. These materials produced eluates with lower concentrations of nutrients than the leachates from barley grains. However, as woodchips yielded lower amounts of suspended solids, they constitute an adequate exogenous source for the biological treatment of carbon-deficient effluents.
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19
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Ashok V, Hait S. Remediation of nitrate-contaminated water by solid-phase denitrification process-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:8075-8093. [PMID: 25787220 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4334-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents a compilation of various autotrophic and heterotrophic ways of solid-phase denitrification. It covers a complete understanding of various pathways followed during denitrification process. The paper gives a brief review on various governing factors on which the process depends. It focuses mainly on the solid-phase denitrification process, its applicability, efficiency, and disadvantages associated. It presents a critical review on various methodologies associated with denitrification process reported in past years. A comparative study has also been carried out to have a better understanding of advantages and disadvantages of a particular method. We summarize the various organic and inorganic substances and various techniques that have been used for enhancing denitrification process and suggest possible gaps in the research areas whi'ch are worthy of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Ashok
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Kanpur, India,
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20
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Frank RR, Trois C, Coulon F. Sustainable landfill leachate treatment using refuse and pine bark as a carbon source for bio-denitrification. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:1347-1358. [PMID: 25490954 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.989279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Raw and 10-week composted commercial garden refuse (CGR) materials and pine bark (PB) mulch were evaluated for their potential use as alternative and sustainable sources of carbon for landfill leachate bio-denitrification. Dynamic batch tests using synthetic nitrate solutions of 100, 500 and 2000 mg NO3 L(-1) were used to investigate the substrate performance at increasing nitrate concentrations under optimal conditions. Further to this, sequential batch tests using genuine nitrified landfill leachate with a concentration of 2000 mg NO3 L(-1) were carried out to evaluate substrates behaviour in the presence of a complex mixture of chemicals present in leachate. Results showed that complete denitrification occurred in all conditions, indicating that raw and composted CGR and PB can be used as sustainable and efficient media for landfill leachate bio-denitrification. Of the three substrates, raw garden refuse yields the fastest denitrification rate followed by 10-week composted CGR and PB. However, the efficiency of the raw CGR was lower when using genuine leachate, indicating the inhibitory effect of components of the leachate on the denitrification process. Ten-week composted CGR performed optimally at low nitrate concentrations, while poor nitrate removal ability was found at higher nitrate concentrations (2000 mg L(-1)). In contrast, the PB performance was 3.5 times faster than that of the composted garden refuse at higher nitrate concentrations. Further to this, multi-criteria analysis of the process variables provided an easily implementable framework for the use of waste materials as an alternative and sustainable source of carbon for denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Frank
- a Centre for Research in Environmental, Coastal and Hydrological Engineering (CRECHE), School of Engineering , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Howard College Campus, Durban 4041 , South Africa
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21
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Yang XL, Jiang Q, Song HL, Gu TT, Xia MQ. Selection and application of agricultural wastes as solid carbon sources and biofilm carriers in MBR. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 283:186-92. [PMID: 25278156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This paper examined the feasibility of agricultural wastes used as solid carbon sources and the effect of determined agricultural wastes on improving denitrification. Eight agricultural wastes were evaluated in MBR tests to find out their carbon release capacity, denitrification potential, leaching elements and surface properties. The results showed that retinervus luffae fructus, wheat straw, corncob and rice straw had higher carbon release capacity with COD of 13.17-21.07 mg g(-1)day(-1), BOD5 of 3.33-7.33 mg g(-1)day(-1) and respirable carbon of 8.64-10.71 mg g(-1)day(-1). Correspondingly, they displayed a good denitrification potential of 105.3-140.1mg NO3(-)-Ng(-1). Rice straw, retinervus luffae fructus and corncob were then applied in MBRs. These three agricultural wastes were found to be effective in enhancing the denitrification process, where the TN removal increased from 43.44% (control MBR) to 82.34, 68.92 and 62.97%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Qi Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Hai-Liang Song
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.
| | - Tian-Tian Gu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Ming-Qian Xia
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
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22
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Shen Z, Zhou Y, Hu J, Wang J. Denitrification performance and microbial diversity in a packed-bed bioreactor using biodegradable polymer as carbon source and biofilm support. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 250-251:431-438. [PMID: 23500423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel kind of biodegradable polymer, i.e., starch/polycaprolactone (SPCL) was prepared and used as carbon source and biofilm support for biological denitrification in a packed-bed bioreactor. The denitrification performances and microbial diversity of biofilm under different operating conditions were investigated. The results showed that the average denitrification rate was 0.64 ± 0.06 kg N/(m(3)d), and NH3-N formation (below 1mg/L) was observed during denitrification. The nitrate removal efficiency at 15°C was only 55.06% of that at 25°C. An initial excess release of DOC could be caused by rapid biodegradation of starch in the surfaces of SPCL granules, then it decreased to 10.08 mg/L. The vast majority of species on SPCL biofilm sample (99.71%) belonged to six major phyla: Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Spirochaetes and Actinobacteria. Proteobacteria were the most abundant phylum (85.50%) and mainly consisted of β-proteobacteria (82.39%). Diaphorobacter and Acidovorax constituted 52.75% of the identified genera which were denitrifying bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Shen
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
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23
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Shen Z, Zhou Y, Wang J. Comparison of denitrification performance and microbial diversity using starch/polylactic acid blends and ethanol as electron donor for nitrate removal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 131:33-39. [PMID: 23321665 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Starch/polylactic acid (SPLA9) was prepared and used as electron donor for biological nitrate removal. The denitrification performance and microbial diversity were investigated and compared with that of ethanol supported denitrification system. The results showed that the SPLA9 system had richer microbial diversity by analyzing Shannon's diversity index, but the ethanol system showed higher denitrification rate. The formation of NH3-N was observed during denitrification for both systems, but its concentration in the SPLA9 system was lower than that in the ethanol system. The quick release and accumulation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were observed in SPLA9 system during the start-up period. Fortunately it decreased to about 5mg/L. Proteobacteria was the major phylum and Alicycliphilus and Thauera were the most abundant genera for both systems. Organisms from the genus Desulfovibrio were identified in both systems, which probably contributed to the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Shen
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
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Trois C, Coulon F, de Combret CP, Martins JMF, Oxarango L. Effect of pine bark and compost on the biological denitrification process of non-hazardous landfill leachate: focus on the microbiology. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 181:1163-1169. [PMID: 20554377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to optimize the cost-efficiency of landfill leachate treatment by biological denitrification process, our study focused on finding low-cost alternatives to traditional expensive chemicals such as composted garden refuse and pine bark, which are both available in large amount in South African landfill sites. The overall objective was to assess the behaviour of the bacterial community in relation to each substrate while treating high strength landfill leachates. Denitrification processes in fixed bed reactors were simulated at laboratory scale using anaerobic batch tests with immature compost and pine bark. High strength leachate was simulated using a solution of water and nitrate at a concentration of 500 mg l(-1). Results suggest that pine bark released large amounts of phenolic compounds and hydroxylated benzene rings, which both can delay the acclimatization time and inhibit the biological denitrification (only 30% efficiency). Furthermore, presence of potential pathogens like Enterobacter and Pantoea agglomerans prevents the applicability of the pine bark in full-scale operations. On the other hand, lightly composted garden refuse (CGR) offered an adequate substrate for the formation of a biofilm necessary to complete the denitrification process (total nitrate removal observed within 7 days). CGR further contributed to a rapid establishment of an active consortium of denitrifiers including Acinetobacter, Rhizobium, Thermomonas, Rheinheimera, Phaeospirillum and Flavobacterium. Clearly the original composition, nature, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) and degree of maturity and stability of the substrates play a key role in the denitrification process, impacting directly on the development of the bacterial population and, therefore, on the long-term removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trois
- Centre for Research in Environmental, Coastal and Hydrological Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Surveying and Construction, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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