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Lu CW, Lo KH, Wang SC, Kao CM, Chen SC. An innovative permeable reactive bio-barrier to remediate trichloroethene-contaminated groundwater: A field study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170885. [PMID: 38342459 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Permeable reactive bio-barrier (PRBB), an innovative technology, could treat many contaminants via the natural gradient flow of groundwater based on immobilization or transformation of pollutants into less toxic and harmful forms. In this field study, we developed an innovative PRBB system comprising immobilized Dehalococcoides mccartyi (Dhc) and Clostridium butyricum embedded into the silica gel for long-term treatment of trichloroethene (TCE) polluted groundwater. Four injection wells and two monitoring wells were installed at the downstream of the TCE plume. Without PRBB, results showed that the TCE (6.23 ± 0.43 μmole/L) was converted to cis-dichloroethene (0.52 ± 0.63 μmole/L), and ethene was not detected, whereas TCE was completely converted to ethene (3.31 μmole/L) with PRBB treatment, indicating that PRBB could promote complete dechlorination of TCE. Noticeably, PRBB showed the long-term capability to maintain a high dechlorinating efficiency for TCE removal during the 300-day operational period. Furthermore, with qPCR analysis, the PRBB application could stably maintain the populations of Dhc and functional genes (bvcA, tceA, and vcrA) at >108 copies/L within the remediation course and change the bacterial communities in the contaminated groundwater. We concluded that our PRBB was first set up for cleaning up TCE-contaminated groundwater in a field trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Wei Lu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hung Lo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Sun-Chong Wang
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Institute, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Kao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Ssu-Ching Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
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2
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Remor PV, Isidro J, Saez C, Figueiredo SA, Vilar VJP, Rodrigo MA. Cork barriers for the remediation of soils polluted with lindane. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132296. [PMID: 37619282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The in-situ removal of lindane from spiked soil was studied using cork barriers combined with electrokinetic and ohmic heating soil remediation processes. Both vertical and horizontal cork barriers have been evaluated to retain pollutants mobilized by electro-osmotic flow or volatilized by ohmic heating. Moreover, the addition of surfactant solutions in electrolyte wells has been evaluated to promote the dragging of lindane by electrokinetic fluxes. Results indicated that the drag of lindane by liquid flows is not as important as expected, opposite to what happened with the dragging by gaseous flows. The retention of gaseous lindane was also confirmed in adsorption tests carried out in a column packed with cork granules. The addition of surfactant had a very limited effect on the mobility of lindane, and dragging of this species to the electrode wells or to a permeable reactive barrier. On the contrary, the reactivity of lindane during the electrochemical treatments is relevant due to the electrokinetic basic front promoting the in-situ conversion of lindane into less chlorinated pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula V Remor
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM) - Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE) - Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Julia Isidro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sónia A Figueiredo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor J P Vilar
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM) - Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE) - Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Li J, Li F, Tong M, Guo S. Treatment of PAHs contaminated soil in abandoned industrial site using combined method of improved in situ capping and electrokinetic enhanced-bioremediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 455:131606. [PMID: 37178532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In situ capping and bioremediation are common technologies for treating contaminated soil at industrial sites. However, these two technologies have some shortcomings for treating soil heavily contaminated with organic matter, such as the limited adsorption in capping layer and the low biodegradation efficiency. This study proposed the method of an improved in situ capping combined with electrokinetic enhanced-bioremediation, and investigated its feasibility for treating heavily polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soil at an abandoned industrial site. By analyzing the changes in soil properties, PAHs concentration, and microbial community in experiments with voltages of 0, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 V cm-1, it was found that improved in situ capping could effectively sequester PAHs migration by adsorption and biodegradation, and electric field could enhance PAHs removal from contaminated soil and bio-barrier. In the experiments with electric field, soil environment under the voltage of 1.2 V cm-1 was more favorable for the growth and metabolism of microorganisms, and the residual PAHs concentrations (19.47 ± 0.76 mg kg-1 and 619.38 ± 20.05 mg kg-1) in the bio-barrier and contaminated soil of experiment with 1.2 V cm-1 were the lowest, which indicated that optimization of the electric field conditions could lead to better effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengmei Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Menghan Tong
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuhai Guo
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang 110016, China.
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4
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Wang L, Cheng WC, Xue ZF, Rahman MM, Xie YX, Hu W. Immobilizing lead and copper in aqueous solution using microbial- and enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1146858. [PMID: 37051271 PMCID: PMC10083330 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1146858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate irrigation could trigger migration of heavy metals into surrounding environments, causing their accumulation and a serious threat to human central nervous system. Traditional site remediation technologies are criticized because they are time-consuming and featured with high risk of secondary pollution. In the past few years, the microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is considered as an alternative to traditional technologies due to its easy maneuverability. The enzyme-induced carbonate precipitate (EICP) has attracted attention because bacterial cultivation is not required prior to catalyzing urea hydrolysis. This study compared the performance of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) remediation using MICP and EICP respectively. The effect of the degree of urea hydrolysis, mass and species of carbonate precipitation, and chemical and thermodynamic properties of carbonates on the remediation efficiency was investigated. Results indicated that ammonium ion (NH4+) concentration reduced with the increase in lead ion (Pb2+) or copper ion (Cu2+) concentration, and for a given Pb2+ or Cu2+ concentration, it was much higher under MICP than EICP. Further, the remediation efficiency against Cu2+ is approximately zero, which is way below that against Pb2+ (approximately 100%). The Cu2+ toxicity denatured and even inactivated the urease, reducing the degree of urea hydrolysis and the remediation efficiency. Moreover, the reduction in the remediation efficiency against Pb2+ and Cu2+ appeared to be due to the precipitations of cotunnite and atacamite respectively. Their chemical and thermodynamic properties were not as good as calcite, cerussite, phosgenite, and malachite. The findings shed light on the underlying mechanism affecting the remediation efficiency against Pb2+ and Cu2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi’an, China
| | - Wen-Chieh Cheng
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Chieh Cheng,
| | - Zhong-Fei Xue
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi’an, China
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- UniSA STEM, SIRM, University of south Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yi-Xin Xie
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi’an, China
| | - Wenle Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi’an, China
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Application of a Zero-Valent Iron/Cork as Permeable Reactive Barrier for In Situ Remediation of Phenanthrene in Soil. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes an eco-efficient treatment technology for removing phenanthrene (PHE) from kaolinite soil, incorporating a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) in an electrokinetic (EK) remediation system, which was made by modifying the granulated cork (GC) with Fe@Fe2O3, identified as EK/Fe@Fe2O3/GC. The novel product Fe@Fe2O3/GC was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and element mapping. EK tests were conducted to investigate the performance of the EK/Fe@Fe2O3/GC for removal of PHE from soil. The results showed that PHE was driven by the electro-osmotic flow toward the cathode and reacted with the EK/Fe@Fe2O3/GC. Further, the removal efficiency of PHE in the soil was higher in the presence of H2O2 due to the additional reactions achieved. The results were discussed in light of the existing literature.
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Neshati J, Biabanaki F, Shariatmadari N. An investigation into the efficiency of electrokinetic and electrokinetic coupled with calcium peroxide permeable reactive barriers techniques for soil remediation using a statistical analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:145. [PMID: 36418576 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study emphasizes on the applicability of combining the electrokinetic (EK) and permeable reactive barriers (PRB) techniques compared to the simple EK technique. For this purpose, a statistical analysis is conducted using the Fractional Factorial Design statistical method. Also, General Linear Model and Two-sample T-Test analyzes are considered to clarify which type of soil remediation technique represents the highest efficiency. Calcium peroxide, an affordable material with easy capability for cultivation, is utilized in the PRB process to eliminate the soil from diesel contamination. The experiments were performed for 3 days and 10 days, according to which the initial contamination rates of 10 and 20% were selected, and the applied voltages were 20 V and 30 V. Using the innovative remediation technique, the experiments were conducted for 10 days with 20% initial pollution content and the applied voltage of 30 V, the initial gasoil content was about 190.5 mg/g, and after applying the proposed technique, the average final pollution content throughout soil reached approximately 37 mg/g. This experiment was also conducted for the approximately initial gasoil content of 185, 206, and 191 mg/g, which led to the removal efficiency of 79.59%, 78.93%, and 79.15%, respectively. The main novelty of this paper is attributed to the use of calcium peroxide in the EK-PRB technique and the statistical analysis conducted in this study that indicates the remarkable efficiency of the proposed approach. It was also revealed that the efficiency of the proposed technique is on par with the other state-of-art ones presented in the literature and even sometimes outperforms them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Neshati
- Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), PO Box, 14665-137, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Faraz Biabanaki
- Dept. of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Nader Shariatmadari
- Dept. of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
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Al-Hashimi O, Hashim K, Loffill E, Marolt Čebašek T, Nakouti I, Faisal AAH, Al-Ansari N. A Comprehensive Review for Groundwater Contamination and Remediation: Occurrence, Migration and Adsorption Modelling. Molecules 2021; 26:5913. [PMID: 34641456 PMCID: PMC8512142 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The provision of safe water for people is a human right; historically, a major number of people depend on groundwater as a source of water for their needs, such as agricultural, industrial or human activities. Water resources have recently been affected by organic and/or inorganic contaminants as a result of population growth and increased anthropogenic activity, soil leaching and pollution. Water resource remediation has become a serious environmental concern, since it has a direct impact on many aspects of people's lives. For decades, the pump-and-treat method has been considered the predominant treatment process for the remediation of contaminated groundwater with organic and inorganic contaminants. On the other side, this technique missed sustainability and the new concept of using renewable energy. Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) have been implemented as an alternative to conventional pump-and-treat systems for remediating polluted groundwater because of their effectiveness and ease of implementation. In this paper, a review of the importance of groundwater, contamination and biological, physical as well as chemical remediation techniques have been discussed. In this review, the principles of the permeable reactive barrier's use as a remediation technique have been introduced along with commonly used reactive materials and the recent applications of the permeable reactive barrier in the remediation of different contaminants, such as heavy metals, chlorinated solvents and pesticides. This paper also discusses the characteristics of reactive media and contaminants' uptake mechanisms. Finally, remediation isotherms, the breakthrough curves and kinetic sorption models are also being presented. It has been found that groundwater could be contaminated by different pollutants and must be remediated to fit human, agricultural and industrial needs. The PRB technique is an efficient treatment process that is an inexpensive alternative for the pump-and-treat procedure and represents a promising technique to treat groundwater pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamah Al-Hashimi
- Babylon Water Directorate, Babylon 51001, Iraq
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (K.H.); (E.L.); (T.M.Č.)
| | - Khalid Hashim
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (K.H.); (E.L.); (T.M.Č.)
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon 51001, Iraq
| | - Edward Loffill
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (K.H.); (E.L.); (T.M.Č.)
| | - Tina Marolt Čebašek
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (K.H.); (E.L.); (T.M.Č.)
| | - Ismini Nakouti
- Built Environment and Sustainable Technology Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Ayad A. H. Faisal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10001, Iraq;
| | - Nadhir Al-Ansari
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lulea, Sweden;
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Zhang M, Wu B, Guo P, Wang S, Guo S. Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soil under the superimposed electric field condition. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:128723. [PMID: 33127102 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An innovative superimposed electric field (SEF) was designed with the aim to achieve uniform removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil. Also the influence of SEF on the bioremediation efficiency of PAHs was investigated in compared with the common electric field (CEF). Five experiments were conducted in this study, namely EK-CEF (applied CEF), EKB-CEF (CEF enhanced bioremediation), EK-SEF (applied SEF), EKB-SEF (SEF enhanced bioremediation), and Bio (bioremediation). The results indicated that electric field with periodically reversed polarity could effectively prevent the occurrence of large changes in soil pH, temperature, and electric current. The electric field intensity of SEF was concentrated in the range of 0.5-1.5 V/cm, and the difference between the maximum and minimum PAHs removal percentage in EK-SEF was just 5.4%, in comparison to 14.8% in EK-CEF. The bioremediation promoting effect did not show significant difference between SEF and CEF. Compared to Bio, the removal percentages of the 5-ring and 6-ring PAHs attributed to the degrading bacteria were much higher in EKB-SEF and EKB-CEF. Moreover, the microbial number increased with the distance away from electrodes, and the microbial community changed correspondingly. All these would be resulted in differences removal efficiencies among different PAHs components. Despite its intrinsic advantages, the influence of SEF on soil physicochemical and biological properties needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | | | - Sa Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shuhai Guo
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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9
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Barba S, Villaseñor J, Rodrigo MA, Cañizares P. Biostimulation versus bioaugmentation for the electro-bioremediation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid polluted soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 277:111424. [PMID: 33038673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to compare three biological strategies for the in situ remediation of a 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) polluted clayey soil by coupling electrokinetics (EK) and bioremediation (technology named as electrobioremediation, EBR). The first option (i) is EK-biostimulation, in which the activity of microorganisms already present in soil is enhanced by EK phenomena. The second and third options are EK-bioaugmentation, which consist of addition of microorganisms to soil through the inclusion of permeable biological barriers: (ii) using a microbial fixed biofilm reactor as biobarrier (BB1), and (iii) using a mixture of clean soil and a microbial suspension as biobarrier (BB2). Thus, three batch experiments at bench scale were conducted under a constant electric field of 1 V cm-1, and electrode polarity was periodically reversed every 12 h (2 d-1). The duration of each test was 10 days. Two additional tests using only biodegradation or only EK were performed as auxiliary reference tests. A microbial consortium acclimated to 2,4-D biodegradation was employed. Results showed that EK-biostimulation strategy offered the best pollutant removal efficiency (reaching up almost 100%) while biobarriers offered pollutant removal rates between 75 and 85%. Permeable biobarriers allowed the introduction of microorganism but caused a decrease in the electro-osmotic flow which, in turn, reduced the mobilization and contact between microorganisms and pollutants. These results can contribute to the knowledge and understanding of electrobioremediation of polluted soil and to the feasibility of delivering microorganism to the soil by using biobarriers. Despite biostimulation was found to be the best option, results show that permeable reactive biobarriers may result in a successful alternative for in-situ EK-bioaugmentation when acclimated microbial population is not already present in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barba
- Chemical Engineering Department, Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla- La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Villaseñor
- Chemical Engineering Department, Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla- La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Castilla- La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Castilla- La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
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10
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Paixão IC, López-Vizcaíno R, Solano AMS, Martínez-Huitle CA, Navarro V, Rodrigo MA, Dos Santos EV. Electrokinetic-Fenton for the remediation low hydraulic conductivity soil contaminated with petroleum. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126029. [PMID: 32035385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The use of electrokinetic Fenton (EK Fenton) process, as promising soil remediation approach, was investigated by using an iron electrode with different supporting electrolytes (tap water, H2O2, and citric acid) to depollute soil spiked with petroleum where kaolin was selected as low hydraulic conductivity. The results clearly confirm that, the combination of electrokinetic remediation (EK) and Fenton technologies, is an efficient oxidizing approach for removing hydrocarbons from this kind of soil. In fact, the electrokinetic Fenton reactions and the control of the soil pH conditions by adding citric acid enhanced the oxidation process because the addition of the H2O2 with iron electrode resulted in higher removal efficiencies (89%) for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). These figures allowed to confirm that EK Fenton process with pH control contributed for the transport of H2O2 and Fe2+ ions in the soil by electromigration and eletro-osmotic phenomena. Conversely, no control of pH conditions when only EK was applied, achieved lower hydrocarbons removal (27%) after 15 d of treatment due to the precipitation of iron ions. Finally, the efficiency of the EK Fenton remediation prevented the generation of secondary effluent with higher organic content, avoiding its treatment by other advanced oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Paixão
- School of Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil
| | - R López-Vizcaíno
- School of Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil; Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - A M S Solano
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil
| | - C A Martínez-Huitle
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil
| | - V Navarro
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, E. Costa Novella Buiding, Campus Universitario S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - E V Dos Santos
- School of Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil.
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11
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Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Performance of In Situ Thermal Remediation of Large Polluted Soil Areas. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12244622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years soil contamination has become a global problem because of industrial development. In situ thermal remediation has been proposed recently to not only lower costs, but also reduce the environmental impact compared to other soil remediation technologies such as chemical remediation. During the soil thermal remediation process, factors such as soil type and water content affecting the heat transfer pose challenges. In this study, a simple mathematical model is presented and the heat transfer performance during the soil heating process is researched via COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3 software (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden). The temperature distribution and heating period under different operating conditions are evaluated. The simulation results show that the average soil temperature exhibits three stages during the heating process. First, soil is heated from the ambient temperature to the water boiling temperature (100 °C). Then, the soil stays at the water boiling temperature for a while before reaching the target temperature. Simultaneously, the effects of initial water content and groundwater flow on heat transfer are also studied. In addition, the results of a simulation can provide a reference for in situ heating remediation technology.
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12
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Rada EC, Andreottola G, Istrate IA, Viotti P, Conti F, Magaril ER. Remediation of Soil Polluted by Organic Compounds Through Chemical Oxidation and Phytoremediation Combined with DCT. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173179. [PMID: 31480429 PMCID: PMC6747527 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soils contaminated with organic substances is an important issue across Europe: In some areas, these are the main causes of pollution, or the second after contamination from waste disposal. This paper included an experimental application that compared three methods of remediation of contaminated sites, based on electric fields: A single treatment (electroremediation); and two combined treatments, phyto-electrochemical and electrooxidation (a combination of chemical treatment and a DCT-direct current technology). The contaminated soil was taken from a former industrial area devoted to oil refining, located between two roads: The one national and the other one for industrial use. Nine soil samples were collected at two depths (0.2 and 0.4 m). The initial characterization of the soil showed a density of 1.5 g/cm³ and a moisture of about 20%; regarding grain size, 50% of the soil had particles with a diameter less than 0.08 mm. The electrochemical treatment and electrooxidation had an efficiency of 20% while the two combined methods had efficiencies of 42.5% for electrooxidation (with H2O2) and 20% for phyto-electroremediation (phyto-ER) with poinsettias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cristina Rada
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University of Varese, Via G.B. Vico 46, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Gianni Andreottola
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Irina Aura Istrate
- Department of Biotechnical System, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spaiul Independentei 313, sector 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Paolo Viotti
- Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, University Sapienza of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Conti
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University of Varese, Via G.B. Vico 46, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Elena Romenovna Magaril
- Department of Environmental Economics, Ural Federal University, Mira Str., 19, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
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13
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Karthick A, Roy B, Chattopadhyay P. A review on the application of chemical surfactant and surfactant foam for remediation of petroleum oil contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 243:187-205. [PMID: 31096172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Soil, exposed to petroleum oil contaminants (in the form of petrol, diesel, gasoline, crude oil, used motor oil), may cause potential damage to the environment, animal and human health. In this review article, mechanisms of the petroleum oil contaminant removal from soil by chemical surfactant systems such as surfactant solution, surfactant foam and nanoparticle stabilized surfactant foams are explained. Laboratory based research works, reported within the last decade on the application of similar systems towards the removal of petroleum oil contaminant from the soil, have been discussed. It is an important fact that the commercial implementation of the chemical surfactant based technology depends on the environmental properties (biodegradability and toxicity) of the surfactants. In recent times, surfactant foam and nanoparticle stabilized surfactant foam are becoming more popular and considered advantageous over the use of surfactant solution alone. However, more research works have to be conducted on nanoparticle stabilized foam. The impact of physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles on soil remediation has to be explored in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Karthick
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, VidyaVihar, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Banasri Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, VidyaVihar, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Pradipta Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, VidyaVihar, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
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14
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Barba S, Carvela M, Villaseñor J, Rodrigo MA, Cañizares P. Improvement of the electro-bioremediation process of a non-polar herbicide-polluted soil by means of surfactant addition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:1961-1968. [PMID: 30290338 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxyfluorfen is a non-polar herbicide that may cause severe soil pollution. The present work studies the possible improvement due to surfactant addition in the efficiency of electro-bioremediation of a clay soil polluted which such a non-polar, low-mobility pollutant. Two-week-long batch electro-bioremediation experiments were performed in a bench-scale device. Oxyfluorfen-polluted soil (20 mg kg-1) was inoculated with an acclimated microbial culture, and several experiments were performed using different surfactant concentrations in the electrode wells (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 g L-1 of SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate). Experiments were performed under 1.0 V cm-1 and electrode polarity reversal. It was observed that the electro-osmotic flow (EOF) increased with SDS concentration and that SDS was successfully distributed across the soil, probably improving the oxyfluorfen mobility. Additionally, microbiological activity was fully maintained during the experiments. Electro-bioremediation without SDS removed 14% of the oxyfluorfen, while under 2.5 g L-1 SDS, the efficiency increased to 22% because of an expected improvement in the contact between the different species in the soil. However, higher SDS concentrations (between 10.0 and 20.0 g L-1) caused a decrease in the oxyfluorfen removal efficiency, as SDS is an easily biodegradable compound and was preferably used as substrate by the microbial culture instead of oxyfluorfen. Additionally, the use of high concentrations of SDS was clearly inefficient, as high amounts of the surfactant were lost through the EOF, and even low amounts of oxyfluorfen were removed to the electrode wells, which means that ex situ treatment of the polluted water would be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barba
- Chemical Engineering Department, Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Mireya Carvela
- Chemical Engineering Department, Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Villaseñor
- Chemical Engineering Department, Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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15
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Rocha I, Silva K, Silva D, Martínez-Huitle C, Santos E. Coupling electrokinetic remediation with phytoremediation for depolluting soil with petroleum and the use of electrochemical technologies for treating the effluent generated. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Rodrigo S, Saez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Reversible electrokinetic adsorption barriers for the removal of organochlorine herbicide from spiked soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:629-636. [PMID: 29870938 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to describe the removal of clopyralid from clay soils using electrokinetically assisted soil flushing (EKSF) coupled with a permeable reactive barrier (PRB), consisting of beds of Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC). To do this, two strategies have been evaluated on bench-scale electroremediation facilities (175 dm3): electrokinetic adsorption barrier (EKAB) and reversible electrokinetic adsorption barrier (REKAB). Likewise, to clarify the contribution of the different mechanisms to remediation process results are compared to those obtained in a reference test (without applying an electric field) and to results obtained in the EKSF of soils polluted with compounds with different polarity and vapour pressure. Results show that during EKAB and REKAB tests, clopyralid is removed from the soil by adsorption in PRB, electrokinetic transport and, very less decisively, by evaporation. The application of polarity reversion attains a higher retention of clopyralid in the activated carbon-PRB and a better regulation of pH because of the neutralization of H+ and OH- generated in the electrolyte wells. After 30 days of operation, the removal of clopyralid by EKAB is 45% while it reaches 57% in the case of REKAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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17
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Ramadan BS, Sari GL, Rosmalina RT, Effendi AJ. An overview of electrokinetic soil flushing and its effect on bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 218:309-321. [PMID: 29689534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Combination of electrokinetic soil flushing and bioremediation (EKSF-Bio) technology has attracted many researchers attention in the last few decades. Electrokinetic is used to increase biodegradation rate of microorganisms in soil pores. Therefore, it is necessary to use solubilizing agents such as surfactants that can improve biodegradation process. This paper describes the basic understanding and recent development associated with electrokinetic soil flushing, bioremediation, and its combination as innovative hybrid solution for treating hydrocarbon contaminated soil. Surfactant has been widely used in many studies and practical applications in remediation of hydrocarbon contaminant, but specific review about those combination technology cannot be found. Surfactants and other flushing/solubilizing agents have significant effects to increase hydrocarbon remediation efficiency. Thus, this paper is expected to provide clear information about fundamental interaction between electrokinetic, flushing agents and bioremediation, principal factors, and an inspiration for ongoing and future research benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, 55171, Indonesia.
| | - Gina Lova Sari
- Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Singaperbangsa, Karawang, 41361, Indonesia.
| | | | - Agus Jatnika Effendi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.
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18
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Tang J, He J, Liu T, Xin X, Hu H. Removal of heavy metal from sludge by the combined application of a biodegradable biosurfactant and complexing agent in enhanced electrokinetic treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 189:599-608. [PMID: 28963977 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the heavy metal removal potentiality of an electrokinetic (EK) decontamination treatment enhanced by a biodegradable complexing agent Tetrasodium of N, N-bis (carboxymethyl) glutamic acid (GLDA) also in combination with a biodegradable biosurfactant (rhamnolipid) was investigated to decontaminate heavy metals from the sludge. The main results explored that the nature of sludge and their interactions with different improving agents significantly influenced the electrokinetic removal processes. A general increase of pH values from anode to cathode in the sludge-cell was observed due to the strong buffering capacity of carbonates. Compared with the deionized water, the use of GLDA as an electrolyte, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni and Mn removal efficiencies were 53.2 ± 3.12%, 67.4 ± 3.45%, 59.2 ± 4.78%, 45.4 ± 4.15%, 72.8 ± 3.68% and 45.0 ± 4.85%, respectively, whereas a further improvement heavy metals removal efficiencies (Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni and Mn removal efficiencies were 64.8 ± 2.34%, 56.8 ± 4.12%, 49.4 ± 4.45%, 46.6 ± 2.35%, 60.4 ± 3.45% and 69.6 ± 3.54%, respectively) were achieved by repalcing rhamnolipid as the electrolyte. Significantly higher removal efficiencies (Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni and Mn removal efficiencies were 70.6 ± 3.41%, 82.2 ± 5.21%, 89.0 ± 3.34%, 60.0 ± 4.67%, 88.4 ± 4.43% and 70.0 ± 3.51%, respectively) were obtained by the simultaneous use of GLDA and rhamnolipid due to their synergic action in electrokinetic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Junguo He
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Tiantian Liu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Xin
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Huizhi Hu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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19
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Souza F, Sáez C, Lanza M, Cañizares P, Rodrigo M. Removal of chlorsulfuron and 2,4-D from spiked soil using reversible electrokinetic adsorption barriers. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Vieira Dos Santos E, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Martínez-Huitle CA, Rodrigo MA. Reversible electrokinetic adsorption barriers for the removal of atrazine and oxyfluorfen from spiked soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 322:413-420. [PMID: 27773443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the application of reversible electrokinetic adsorption barrier (REKAB) technology to soils spiked with low-solubility pollutants. A permeable reactive barrier (PRB) of granular activated carbon (GAC) was placed between the anode and cathode of an electrokinetic (EK) soil remediation bench-scale setup with the aim of enhancing the removal of two low-solubility herbicides (atrazine and oxyfluorfen) using a surfactant solution (sodium dodecyl sulfate) as the flushing fluid. This innovative study focused on evaluating the interaction between the EK system and the GAC-PRB, attempting to obtain insights into the primary mechanisms involved. The obtained results highlighted the successful treatment of atrazine and oxyfluorfen in contaminated soils. The results obtained from the tests after 15days of treatment were compared with those obtained using the more conventional electrokinetic soil flushing (EKSF) technology, and very important differences were observed. Although both technologies are efficient for removing the herbicides from soils, REKAB outperforms EKSF. After the 15-day treatment tests, only approximately 10% of atrazine and oxyfluorfen remained in the soil, and adsorption onto the GAC bed was an important removal mechanism (15-17% of herbicide retained). The evaporation loses in REKAB were lower than those obtained in EKSF (45-50% compared to 60-65%).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vieira Dos Santos
- School of Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970 Natal, Brazil
| | - C Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Enrique Costa Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Enrique Costa Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C A Martínez-Huitle
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970 Natal, Brazil
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Enrique Costa Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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21
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Moghadam MJ, Moayedi H, Sadeghi MM, Hajiannia A. A review of combinations of electrokinetic applications. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2016; 38:1217-1227. [PMID: 26780262 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-016-9795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities contaminate many lands and underground waters with dangerous materials. Although polluted soils occupy small parts of the land, the risk they pose to plants, animals, humans, and groundwater is too high. Remediation technologies have been used for many years in order to mitigate pollution or remove pollutants from soils. However, there are some deficiencies in the remediation in complex site conditions such as low permeability and complex composition of some clays or heterogeneous subsurface conditions. Electrokinetic is an effective method in which electrodes are embedded in polluted soil, usually vertically but in some cases horizontally, and a low direct current voltage gradient is applied between the electrodes. The electric gradient initiates movement of contaminants by electromigration (charged chemical movement), electro-osmosis (movement of fluid), electrolysis (chemical reactions due to the electric field), and diffusion. However, sites that are contaminated with heavy metals or mixed contaminants (e.g. a combination of organic compounds with heavy metals and/or radionuclides) are difficult to remediate. There is no technology that can achieve the best results, but combining electrokinetic with other remediation methods, such as bioremediation and geosynthetics, promises to be the most effective method so far. This review focuses on the factors that affect electrokinetic remediation and the state-of-the-art methods that can be combined with electrokinetic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Moayedi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Alborz Hajiannia
- Department of Civil Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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22
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Azubuike CC, Chikere CB, Okpokwasili GC. Bioremediation techniques-classification based on site of application: principles, advantages, limitations and prospects. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:180. [PMID: 27638318 PMCID: PMC5026719 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental pollution has been on the rise in the past few decades owing to increased human activities on energy reservoirs, unsafe agricultural practices and rapid industrialization. Amongst the pollutants that are of environmental and public health concerns due to their toxicities are: heavy metals, nuclear wastes, pesticides, green house gases, and hydrocarbons. Remediation of polluted sites using microbial process (bioremediation) has proven effective and reliable due to its eco-friendly features. Bioremediation can either be carried out ex situ or in situ, depending on several factors, which include but not limited to cost, site characteristics, type and concentration of pollutants. Generally, ex situ techniques apparently are more expensive compared to in situ techniques as a result of additional cost attributable to excavation. However, cost of on-site installation of equipment, and inability to effectively visualize and control the subsurface of polluted sites are of major concerns when carrying out in situ bioremediation. Therefore, choosing appropriate bioremediation technique, which will effectively reduce pollutant concentrations to an innocuous state, is crucial for a successful bioremediation project. Furthermore, the two major approaches to enhance bioremediation are biostimulation and bioaugmentation provided that environmental factors, which determine the success of bioremediation, are maintained at optimal range. This review provides more insight into the two major bioremediation techniques, their principles, advantages, limitations and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chibueze Azubuike
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, 500004, Rivers State, Nigeria.
| | - Chioma Blaise Chikere
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, 500004, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Gideon Chijioke Okpokwasili
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, 500004, Rivers State, Nigeria
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23
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Lim MW, Lau EV, Poh PE. A comprehensive guide of remediation technologies for oil contaminated soil - Present works and future directions. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 109:14-45. [PMID: 27267117 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Oil spills result in negative impacts on the environment, economy and society. Due to tidal and waves actions, the oil spillage affects the shorelines by adhering to the soil, making it difficult for immediate cleaning of the soil. As shoreline clean-up is the most costly component of a response operation, there is a need for effective oil remediation technologies. This paper provides a review on the remediation technologies for soil contaminated with various types of oil, including diesel, crude oil, petroleum, lubricating oil, bitumen and bunker oil. The methods discussed include solvent extraction, bioremediation, phytoremediation, chemical oxidation, electrokinetic remediation, thermal technologies, ultrasonication, flotation and integrated remediation technologies. Each of these technologies was discussed, and associated with their advantages, disadvantages, advancements and future work in detail. Nonetheless, it is important to note that no single remediation technology is considered the best solution for the remediation of oil contaminated soil. CAPSULE This review provides a comprehensive literature on the various remediation technologies studied in the removal of different oil types from soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Wei Lim
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Ee Von Lau
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Phaik Eong Poh
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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24
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Mena E, Villaseñor J, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Effect of electric field on the performance of soil electro-bioremediation with a periodic polarity reversal strategy. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 146:300-307. [PMID: 26735730 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, it is studied the effect of the electric fields (within the range 0.0-1.5 V cm(-1)) on the performance of electrobioremediation with polarity reversal, using a bench scale plant with diesel-spiked kaolinite with 14-d long tests. Results obtained show that the periodic changes in the polarity of the electric field results in a more efficient treatment as compared with the single electro-bioremediation process, and it does not require the addition of a buffer to keep the pH within a suitable range. The soil heating was not very important and it did not cause a change in the temperature of the soil up to values incompatible with the life of microorganisms. Low values of water transported by the electro-osmosis process were attained with this strategy. After only 14 d of treatment, by using the highest electric field studied in this work (1.5 V cm(-1)), up to 35.40% of the diesel added at the beginning of the test was removed, value much higher than the 10.5% obtained by the single bioremediation technology in the same period.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mena
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n.13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Villaseñor
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n.13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n.13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n.13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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25
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Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of fluorine-contaminated soil by applying an ammonia continuous circulation system. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-015-0143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Falciglia PP, Maddalena R, Mancuso G, Messina V, Vagliasindi FGA. Lab-scale investigation on remediation of diesel-contaminated aquifer using microwave energy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 167:196-205. [PMID: 26686072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aquifer contamination with diesel fuel is a worldwide environmental problem, and related available remediation technologies may not be adequately efficient, especially for the simultaneous treatment of both solid and water phases. In this paper, a lab-scale 2.45 GHz microwave (MW) treatment of an artificially diesel-contaminated aquifer was applied to investigate the effects of operating power (160, 350 and 500 W) and time on temperature profiles and contaminant removal from both solid and water phases. Results suggest that in diesel-contaminated aquifer MW remediation, power significantly influences the final reachable temperature and, consequently, contaminant removal kinetics. A maximum temperature of about 120 °C was reached at 500 W. Observed temperature values depended on the simultaneous irradiation of both aquifer grains and groundwater. In this case, solid phase heating is limited by the maximum temperature that interstitial water can reach before evaporation. A minimal residual diesel concentration of about 100 mg kg(-1) or 100 mg L(-1) was achieved by applying a power of 500 W for a time of 60 min for the solid or water phase, respectively. Measured residual TPH fractions showed that MW heating resulted in preferential effects of the removal of different TPH molecular weight fractions and that the evaporation-stripping phenomena plays a major role in final contaminant removal processes. The power low kinetic equation shows an excellent fit (r(2) > 0.993) with the solid phase residual concentration observed for all the powers investigated. A maximum diesel removal of 88 or 80% was observed for the MW treatment of the solid or water phase, respectively, highlighting the possibility to successfully and simultaneously remediate both the aquifer phases. Consequently, MW, compared to other biological or chemical-physical treatments, appears to be a better choice for the fast remediation of diesel-contaminated aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro P Falciglia
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 64, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Maddalena
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancuso
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano, 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Valeria Messina
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Federico G A Vagliasindi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Mena E, Villaseñor J, Cañizares P, Rodrigo M. Influence of electric field on the remediation of polluted soil using a biobarrier assisted electro-bioremediation process. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Falciglia PP, Mancuso G, Scandura P, Vagliasindi FG. Effective decontamination of low dielectric hydrocarbon-polluted soils using microwave heating: Experimental investigation and modelling for in situ treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Li WW, Yu HQ. Electro-assisted groundwater bioremediation: fundamentals, challenges and future perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 196:677-684. [PMID: 26227572 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation is envisaged as an important way to abate groundwater contamination, but the need for chemical addition and limited bioavailability of electron donors/acceptors or contaminants hamper its application. As a promising means to enhance such processes, electrochemical system has drawn considerable attention, as it offers distinct advantages in terms of environmental benignity, controllability and treatment efficiency. Meanwhile, there are also potential risks and considerable engineering challenges for its practical application. This review provides a first comprehensive introduction of this emerging technology, discusses its potential applications and current challenges, identifies the knowledge gaps, and outlooks the future opportunities to bring it to field application. The need for a better understanding on the microbiology under electrochemical stimulation and the future requirements on process monitoring, modeling and evaluation protocols and field investigations are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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Zhou M, Wang H, Zhu S, Liu Y, Xu J. Electrokinetic remediation of fluorine-contaminated soil and its impact on soil fertility. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:16907-16913. [PMID: 26109225 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Compared to soil pollution by heavy metals and organic pollutants, soil pollution by fluorides is usually ignored in China. Actually, fluorine-contaminated soil has an unfavorable influence on human, animals, plants, and surrounding environment. This study reports on electrokinetic remediation of fluorine-contaminated soil and the effects of this remediation technology on soil fertility. Experimental results showed that electrokinetic remediation using NaOH as the anolyte was a considerable choice to eliminate fluorine in contaminated soils. Under the experimental conditions, the removal efficiency of fluorine by the electrokinetic remediation method was 70.35%. However, the electrokinetic remediation had a significant impact on the distribution and concentrations of soil native compounds. After the electrokinetic experiment, in the treated soil, the average value of available nitrogen was raised from 69.53 to 74.23 mg/kg, the average value of available phosphorus and potassium were reduced from 20.05 to 10.39 mg/kg and from 61.31 to 51.58 mg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile, the contents of soil available nitrogen and phosphorus in the anode regions were higher than those in the cathode regions, but the distribution of soil available potassium was just the opposite. In soil organic matter, there was no significant change. These experiment results suggested that some steps should be taken to offset the impacts, after electrokinetic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhou
- Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Shufa Zhu
- Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Yana Liu
- Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jingming Xu
- Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
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Guerin TF. Bioremediation of diesel from a rocky shoreline in an arid tropical climate. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 99:85-93. [PMID: 26234615 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A non invasive sampling and remediation strategy was developed and implemented at shoreline contaminated with spilt diesel. To treat the contamination, in a practical, cost-effective, and safe manner (to personnel working on the stockpiles and their ship loading activity), a non-invasive sampling and remediation strategy was designed and implemented since the location and nature of the impacted geology (rock fill) and sediment, precluded conventional ex-situ and any in-situ treatment where drilling is required. A bioremediation process using surfactant, and added N & P and increased aeration, increased the degradation rate allowing the site owner to meet their regulatory obligations. Petroleum hydrocarbons decreased from saturation concentrations to less than detectable amounts at the completion of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turlough F Guerin
- Climate Alliance Ltd, c/o 5 Retreat Crescent, Sunbury 3429, Victoria, Australia.
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Guerin TF. A safe, efficient and cost effective process for removing petroleum hydrocarbons from a highly heterogeneous and relatively inaccessible shoreline. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 162:190-198. [PMID: 26241934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A rocky, intractable and highly heterogeneous, intertidal zone, was contaminated from a diesel fuel spill that occurred during refuelling of a grader used in road construction, on an operational mine's shiploading facility. A practical, cost-effective, and safer (to personnel by avoiding drilling and earthworks), and non-invasive sampling and remediation strategy was designed and implemented since the location and nature of the impacted geology (rock fill) and sediment, precluded conventional ex-situ and any in-situ treatment where drilling would be required. Enhanced biostimulation with surfactant, available N & P (which were highly constrained), and increased aeration, increased the degradation rate from no discernable change for 2 years post-spill, to 170 mg/kg/day; the maximum degradation rate after intervention. While natural attenuation was ineffective in this application, the low-cost, biostimulation intervention proved successful, allowing the site owner to meet their regulatory obligations. Petroleum hydrocarbons (aliphatic fraction) decreased from ∼20,000 mg/kg to <200 mg/kg at the completion of 180 weeks of treatment.
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