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Aguilar-Ascón E, Marrufo-Saldaña L, Neyra-Ascón W. Enhanced chromium removal from tannery wastewater through electrocoagulation with iron electrodes: Leveraging the Box-Behnken design for optimization. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24647. [PMID: 38356549 PMCID: PMC10865265 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study is focused on reducing total chromium level in tannery wastewater through the electrocoagulation process, in order to comply with the maximum permissible limits (MPL) and to determine the effects from its main operating factors. For this purpose, a batch electrocoagulation reactor was manufactured using iron electrodes. Next, the response surface methodology was applied in the experimental design using a Box-Behnken design (BBD) with three factors: current intensity, treatment time, and p H level. In addition, the total chromium removal percentage was taken as a response variable. The corresponding statistical analysis revealed that the treatment time, current intensity, and p H level variables were significant at a confidence level of P - v a l u e < 0.05 . Obtained in this study for a 99 % total chromium removal were: current intensity ( I ) = 2.9 A , time ( t ) = 18.1 min , and p H = 5.6 . Our results indicated that the electrocoagulation process effectively removes total chromium from tannery effluents up to MPL values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwar Aguilar-Ascón
- Universidad de Lima, Instituto de Investigación Científica, Grupo de Investigación en Tecnologías Exponenciales, Estudios Generales, Av. Javier Prado 4600, Surco, Lima, Perú
| | - Liliana Marrufo-Saldaña
- Centro de Innovación Productiva y Transferencia Tecnológica del Cuero, Calzado e Industrias Conexas Producción, (CITEccal Lima) - ITP, Av. Caquetá 1300, Rímac, Lima, Perú
| | - Walter Neyra-Ascón
- Universidad de Lima, Instituto de Investigación Científica, Av. Javier Prado 4600, Surco, Lima, Perú
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2
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Mousazadeh M, Naghdali Z, Kabdaşlı I, Sandoval MA, Titchou FE, Malekdar F, Nasr M, Martínez-Huitle CA, Lichtfouse E, Emamjomeh MM. Reclamation of forward osmosis reject water containing hexavalent chromium via coupled electrochemical-physical processes. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:888-901. [PMID: 36174186 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2130104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis is a water separation process that uses the natural energy of osmotic pressure to separate water from dissolved solutes through a semipermeable membrane. One of the major challenges using this process is the rejection water which contains high content of pollutants, hindering its practical application. Herein, for the first time, this work introduces a coupled electrochemical-physical process including iron-electrocoagulation/filtration/sedimentation as a cost-effective treatment to the forward osmosis reject water containing hexavalent chromium to be reclaimed. The synergistic treatment was optimized through a central composite design and response surface methodology to enhance hexavalent Cr removal and minimize operating costs, electrical energy consumption, and settled sludge volume. A 90.0% chromium removal was achieved under optimized conditions: electrolysis time of 59.7 min and current of 1.24 A (J = 6.32 mA cm-2). In addition, operating costs of 0.014 USD m-3, electrical energy consumption of 0.005 kWh m-3, and settled sludge volume of 445 mL L-1 were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mousazadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zohreh Naghdali
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Işık Kabdaşlı
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Republic of Turkey
| | - Miguel A Sandoval
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio Ambiental, LEQMA, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Santiago, Chile
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Farideh Malekdar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Nasr
- Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab City, Egypt
- Sanitary Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Carlos A Martínez-Huitle
- Institute of Chemistry, Environmental and Applied Electrochemical Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Eric Lichtfouse
- CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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3
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Nigam M, Mishra P, Kumar P, Rajoriya S, Pathak P, Singh SR, Kumar S, Singh L. Comprehensive technological assessment for different treatment methods of leather tannery wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:124686-124703. [PMID: 35680745 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The leather-making process necessitates large amounts of water and consequently generates tons of liquid waste as leather tannery wastewater (TWW) is disposed of directly in the open environment. Open disposal of untreated TWW into the natural environment causes an accumulation of various polluting compounds, including heavy metals, dyes, suspended solids inorganic matter, biocides, oils, tannins, and other toxic chemicals. It thus poses potential hazards to the environment and human health. This study primarily focuses on providing in-depth insight into the characteristics, treatment strategies, and regulatory frameworks for managing TWW in leather processing industries. Different technologies of conventional physico-chemical (equalization, coagulation, and adsorption), advanced approaches (Fenton oxidation, ozonation, cavitation), thermo-catalytic and biological treatments available to treat TWW, and their integrative approaches were also highlighted. This review also sheds light on the most frequently applied technologies to reduce contaminant load from TWW though there are several limitations associated with it such as being ineffective for large quantities of TWW, waste generation during treatment, and high operational and maintenance (O&M) costs. It is concluded that the sustainable alternatives applied in the current TWW technologies can minimize O&M costs and recirculate the treated water in the environment. The exhaustive observations and recommendations presented in this article are helpful in the industry to manage TWW and recirculate the water in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Nigam
- Chemical Engineering Department, Raja Balwant Singh Engineering Technical Campus, Agra, 283105, India
| | - Puranjan Mishra
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | | | - Pankaj Pathak
- Department of Environmental Science, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India
| | - Shraddha Rani Singh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Raja Balwant Singh Engineering Technical Campus, Agra, 283105, India
| | - Smita Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, J.C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Sector-6, Mathura Road, Faridabad, Haryana, 121006, India
| | - Lakhveer Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175001, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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4
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Lissaneddine A, Aziz K, Ouazzani N, El Achaby M, Haydari I, Mandi L, Aziz F. Continuous treatment of highly concentrated tannery wastewater using novel porous composite beads: Central composite design optimization study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2023; 21:513-532. [PMID: 37869602 PMCID: PMC10584791 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-023-00878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This present study depicts the successful employment of fixed-bed column for total chromium removal from tannery wastewater in dynamic mode using sodium alginate-powdered marble beads (SA-Marble) as adsorbent. The SA-Marble composite beads prepared were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method. The adsorption process performance of this bio-sorbent was examined in batches and columns for real effluent (tannery wastewater). After 90 min, the total chromium removal efficiency could be kept above 90% in the batch experiment. The adsorption kinetics fit better with the pseudo-second-order model, indicating the chemisorption process and the adsorption capacity of about 67.74 mg g-1 at 293 K (C0 = 7100 mg L-1) was obtained. Additionally, dynamic experiments indicate that the total chromium removal efficiency could be maintained above 90% after 120 min at 293 K and 60 min at 318 and 333 K; it's an endothermic but rapid process. The effects of two adsorption variables (Temperature and time) were investigated using central composite design (CCD), which is a subset of response surface methodology (total Cr, COD, sulfate, and total phosphorus percentage removal). This work paves a new avenue for synthesizing SA-Marble composite beads and provides an adsorption efficiency of total chromium removal from tannery wastewater. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Lissaneddine
- National Center for Research and Studies On Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, B. 511, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity, and Climate Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Khalid Aziz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, 11510 Spain
| | - Naaila Ouazzani
- National Center for Research and Studies On Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, B. 511, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity, and Climate Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mounir El Achaby
- Materials Science and Nano-Engineering (MSN) Department, VI Mohammed Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 – Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir, 43150 Morocco
| | - Imane Haydari
- National Center for Research and Studies On Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, B. 511, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity, and Climate Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Laila Mandi
- National Center for Research and Studies On Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, B. 511, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity, and Climate Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Faissal Aziz
- National Center for Research and Studies On Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, B. 511, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity, and Climate Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
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5
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El-Gawad HA, Hassan GK, Aboelghait KM, Mahmoud WH, Mohamed RM, Afify AA. Removal of chromium from tannery industry wastewater using iron-based electrocoagulation process: experimental; kinetics; isotherm and economical studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19597. [PMID: 37949960 PMCID: PMC10638374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromium is a hazardous compound from industrial processes, known for its toxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity. Chemical methods are efficient but cost-effective alternatives with reduced sludge are sought. Electro-coagulation, utilizing low-cost iron plate electrodes, was explored for factual tannery wastewater treatment in this manuscript. Operating parameters such as initial chromium concentration, voltage, electrode number, operating time, agitation speed and current density has been studied to evaluate the treatment effeciency. Under optimal conditions (15 V, 0.4 mA/cm2, 200 rpm, 330 ppm chromium, 8 iron electrodes with a total surface area of 0.1188 m2, 3 h), chromium elimination was 98.76%. Iron anode consumption, power use, and operating cost were 0.99 gm/L, 0.0143 kW-h/L, and 160 EGP/kg of chromium eliminated, respectively. Kinetics studies were pursued first-order reaction (97.99% correlation), and Langmuir isotherms exhibited strong conformity (Langmuir R2: 99.99%). A predictive correlation for chromium elimination (R2: 97.97%) was developed via statistical regression. At HARBY TANNERY factory in Egypt, industrial sewage treatment achieved a final chromium disposal rate of 98.8% under optimized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A El-Gawad
- Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Higher Institute of Engineering, El- Shorouk Academy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal K Hassan
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 Behooth St, P.O. Box 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Karim M Aboelghait
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 Behooth St, P.O. Box 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Walaa H Mahmoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - R M Mohamed
- Chemical Engineering Department, Canal Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Suez, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Afify
- Chemical Engineering Department, Canal Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Suez, Egypt
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6
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Asath Murphy MS, Jovitha Jane D, Sahaya Leenus S, Robin RS, Palanichamy J, Kalivel P. Electrochemical treatment of textile wastewater using copper electrodes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2023; 58:971-980. [PMID: 37888954 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2274257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The conventional electrode aluminum used in electrocoagulation (EC) for the textile wastewater undergoes pitting type of corrosion, so dissolution of the same is very high during electrolysis. This research focuses on the treatment of real-time textile effluent with copper electrodes that corrode uniformly during electrolysis, with optimizing operating parameters for high color removal efficiency (CRE%). The sludge acquired was analyzed by XPS and XRD to study the mechanism of dye removal. The treated effluent was subjected to phytotoxicity analysis using Vigna radiata to study the toxicity effect of the intermediary products. 98.6% of CRE was attained in treating the effluent with copper electrodes. XPS and XRD results showed that both Cu(OH)2 and CuO served as coagulants in the dye removal. The phytotoxicity results showed that the percentage of germination, shoot and root lengths of Vigna radiata in the treated effluent were similar to the results obtained for the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Asath Murphy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - D Jovitha Jane
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - S Sahaya Leenus
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Riju S Robin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Parameswari Kalivel
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
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7
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Jasim MA, AlJaberi FY, Salman AD, Alardhi SM, Le PC, Kulcsár G, Jakab M. Studying the effect of reactor design on the electrocoagulation treatment performance of oily wastewater. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17794. [PMID: 37456018 PMCID: PMC10344759 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Several conventional methods are employed to remove numerous pollutants from oily wastewater discharged from oil-field activities. The purpose of this study is to use a new design of an electrocoagulation reactor (ECR) to treat oily wastewater effluents from the Al-Muthanna petroleum plant to minimize a Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) to levels suitable for employment. In a continuous ECR, a One-Sided-Finned cathode tube (1SF) made of aluminum was inserted between a pair of aluminum-cylindrical anodes. The effects of the electrolysis period (4-60 min), current density (0.63-5.0 mA/cm2), and flow rate (50-150 ml/min) on Final TDS value were investigated. The increment of flow rate causes the final TDS value to be increased, while the extending of the electrolysis process and the raise in current density reduces it. The final TDS was 1842.54 mg/l (reduce by 307.46 mg/l) at optimum values of 1-h electrolysis, 5 mA/cm2 current density, and 50 ml/min flow rate, with an inner anode consumption of 0.13 g and an outer anode consumption of 0.43 g. Regression models with a p-value of 0.001 and F-value of 27.01 noted that the selected model components were important, and the estimated model is considered prominent. Furthermore, the regression coefficient (R2 = 97.99%) for the final TDS response revealed that the model fit the data well. This study confirmed the ability of the new electrocoagulation reactor to treat petroleum wastewater under significant conditions which overcomes the drawbacks of the conventional designs of electrocoagulation reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aiyd Jasim
- Samawa Refinery Department, Board of Production, Midland Refineries Company, Ministry of Oil, Al-Muthanna, Iraq
| | - Forat Yasir AlJaberi
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Muthanna University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq
| | - Ali Dawood Salman
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Refining Engineering, College of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basra University for Oil and Gas, Basra, Iraq
| | - Saja Mohsen Alardhi
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Material Research Center, University of Technology, Iraq
| | - Phuoc-Cuong Le
- The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Gvendolin Kulcsár
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Miklós Jakab
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8201, Veszprém, Hungary
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Rai D, Sinha S. Impact of different anode materials on electro-Fenton process and tannery wastewater treatment using sequential electro-Fenton and electrocoagulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 336:139225. [PMID: 37356583 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The influence of anode materials on the electrochemical treatment of tannery wastewater (TWW) was evaluated using Pt, Ti/RuO2-IrO2 (DSA), Ti/SnO2-Sb, Ti/PbO2, and Ti/SnO2-Sb/PbO2 electrodes. The comparison of the degradation mechanism of these electrodes in the electro-Fenton (EF) treatment was evaluated. The Ti/SnO2-Sb/PbO2 anode was efficient, with high electrocatalytic activity, stability, and reproducibility of the degradation results. Further, the study was extended to define the ability of sequential EF and electrocoagulation (EC) processes to clean TWW. The EC treatment was conducted using Al electrodes, and the performance of the combined treatment was evaluated by the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), sulfide, and Cr removal. The role of chlorides and sulfate salts during both treatments was evaluated by monitoring the concentration changes of these anions during the whole treatment using ion chromatography (IC). A sequential 1.5 h EF and 1 h EC treatment were applied to achieve a satisfactory degradation of (81.2 ± 3.9)% COD, >98% Cr, >99% turbidity, TSS, and sulfide removal. Additionally, the combined treatment was found to be more efficient towards the COD removal, achieving about 22.5% higher COD removal consuming almost the same amount of electrical energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Shishir Sinha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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9
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Akkaya GK, Polat G, Nalçacı G, Eker YR. An economical electrocoagulation process of a hazardous anionic azo dye wastewater with the combination of recycled electrodes and solar energy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27375-6. [PMID: 37148509 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The energy and electrode costs are the restrictions of applying electrocoagulation (EC) in wastewater treatment and many attempts have been made to decrease these costs. In this study, an economical EC was investigated to treat a hazardous anionic azo dye wastewater (DW) that threatens the environment and human health. Firstly, an electrode for EC process was produced from recycled aluminum cans (RACs) by remelting in an induction melting furnace. The performance of the RAC electrodes in the EC was evaluated for COD, color removal, and the EC operating parameters such as initial pH, current density (CD), and electrolysis time. Response surface methodology which is based on central composite design (RSM-CCD) was used for the optimization of the process parameters which were found to be pH 3.96, CD 15 mA/cm2, and electrolysis time 45 min. The maximum COD and color removal values were determined as 98.87% and 99.07%, respectively. The characterization of electrodes and the EC sludge was conducted by XRD, SEM, and EDS analyses for the optimum variables. In addition, the corrosion test was conducted to determine the theoretical lifetime of the electrodes. The results showed that the RAC electrodes show an extended lifetime as compared to their counterparts. Secondly, the energy cost required to treat DW in the EC was aimed to decrease by using solar panels (PV), and the optimum number of PV for the EC was determined by the MATLAB/Simulink. Consequently, the EC with low treatment cost was proposed for the treatment of DW. An economical and efficient EC process for waste management and energy policies was investigated in the present study which will be instrumental in the emergence of new understandings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökhan Polat
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
- Science and Technology Research and Application Center (BITAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gamze Nalçacı
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yasin Ramazan Eker
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
- Science and Technology Research and Application Center (BITAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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10
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Islam MM, Mohana AA, Rahman MA, Rahman M, Naidu R, Rahman MM. A Comprehensive Review of the Current Progress of Chromium Removal Methods from Aqueous Solution. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11030252. [PMID: 36977017 PMCID: PMC10053122 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) exists in aqueous solution as trivalent (Cr3+) and hexavalent (Cr6+) forms. Cr3+ is an essential trace element while Cr6+ is a dangerous and carcinogenic element, which is of great concern globally due to its extensive applications in various industrial processes such as textiles, manufacturing of inks, dyes, paints, and pigments, electroplating, stainless steel, leather, tanning, and wood preservation, among others. Cr3+ in wastewater can be transformed into Cr6+ when it enters the environment. Therefore, research on Cr remediation from water has attracted much attention recently. A number of methods such as adsorption, electrochemical treatment, physico-chemical methods, biological removal, and membrane filtration have been devised for efficient Cr removal from water. This review comprehensively demonstrated the Cr removal technologies in the literature to date. The advantages and disadvantages of Cr removal methods were also described. Future research directions are suggested and provide the application of adsorbents for Cr removal from waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Monjurul Islam
- Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Anika Amir Mohana
- Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Aminur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Zonal Laboratory, Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), Jashore 7400, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science & Information Technology, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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11
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Pani N, T S AS, Menon PM, Boruah S, Patel B, Kaul DS. Electrocoagulation followed by sound agitation for removal of nitrogen and carbon-based pollutants from industrial wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:2861-2877. [PMID: 36515194 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The herculean imprecation of nitrogen-based pollutant like ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) on aquatic milieu is now a concern for the dye, pharma and fertiliser industries. Wastewater from these is characterised with high concentration of AN, COD and total dissolved solids (TDS), treatment of which is of utmost importance for a cleaner environment. In the current research work, an attempt was made to apply integrated electro-coagulation (EC) - sonication process for the removal of COD and AN from highly acidic dye intermediate wastewater containing high to very high concentration of COD and AN. Systematic laboratory experiments were conducted for the treatment of dye intermediate wastewater and influences of pH (5-11), applied voltage (0.5-4V) and electrolysis time (30-120 min) were investigated. A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used for optimization of major operating parameters for EC. The conditions for minimum fraction remaining (C/C0), was found to be same for both COD and AN, i.e. pH 7, time 90 min and applied voltage 2V. The C/Co value for COD and AN were 0.244 and 0.302, respectively. The C/Co value of COD and AN in combined EC-Sonication process with optimum operating conditions were 0.145 and 0.228 respectively with sonication time 60 min at a frequency of 33 kHz. Thus, EC - sonication process is an efficacious process for their removal from dye industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Pani
- Department of Science, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anantha Singh T S
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, India E-mail:
| | - Poornima M Menon
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Shrestha Boruah
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavi Patel
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Daya Shankar Kaul
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Daniel Villalobos-Lara A, Castillo B, Rivera FF, Vazquez-Arenas J. Model accounting for the Cr(III) electroprecipitation kinetics in an electrochemical reactor based on CFD and mass transport contributions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Madi NEH, Chabani M, Bouafia-Chergui S, Zier T, Rechidi Y. Application of neural network approach for modelling COD reduction from real refinery effluent by electrocoagulation. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:2685-2700. [PMID: 36450680 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the feasibility of implementing the electrocoagulation (EC) process to treat Algiers refinery effluent. The electrocoagulation was performed by using scrap aluminum plate electrodes in monopolar-parallel mode. Several parameters, namely current density, reaction time, the electrolyte dose, and the initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration were studied. The maximum removal of COD achieved was found to be 78.55%. Operating conditions at which maximum COD removal efficiencies were achieved at current density 8 mA/cm2, electrolyte dose 1 g/L, with 360 mg/L of initial COD concentration at working time of 40 min. An artificial neural network (ANN) was also utilized to determine predicted responses using neural networks for the 4-10-1 arrangement. The responses predicted by ANN were in alignment with the experimental results. The values of the determination coefficient (R2 = 0.978) and the root mean square error (RMSE = 21.28) showed good prediction results between the model and experimental data. Hence, the ANN model as a predictive tool has a great capacity to estimate the effect of operational parameters on the electrocoagulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor El Houda Madi
- Faculté de Génie des Procédés et Génie Mécanique, Laboratoire Génie de la Réaction, EquipeProcédés Durables de Dépollution, U.S.T.H.B., BP 32, El Allia, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria E-mail:
| | - Malika Chabani
- Faculté de Génie des Procédés et Génie Mécanique, Laboratoire Génie de la Réaction, EquipeProcédés Durables de Dépollution, U.S.T.H.B., BP 32, El Allia, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria E-mail:
| | - Souad Bouafia-Chergui
- Faculté de Génie des Procédés et Génie Mécanique, Laboratoire Génie de la Réaction, EquipeProcédés Durables de Dépollution, U.S.T.H.B., BP 32, El Allia, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria E-mail:
| | - Taha Zier
- Faculté de Génie des Procédés et Génie Mécanique, Laboratoire Génie de la Réaction, EquipeProcédés Durables de Dépollution, U.S.T.H.B., BP 32, El Allia, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria E-mail:
| | - Youcef Rechidi
- Faculté de Génie des Procédés et Génie Mécanique, Laboratoire Génie de la Réaction, EquipeProcédés Durables de Dépollution, U.S.T.H.B., BP 32, El Allia, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria E-mail:
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Yasasve M, Manjusha M, Manojj D, Hariharan NM, Sai Preethi P, Asaithambi P, Karmegam N, Saravanan M. Unravelling the emerging carcinogenic contaminants from industrial waste water for prospective remediation by electrocoagulation - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136017. [PMID: 35977566 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The need of the hour relies on finding new but sustainable ways to curb rising pollution levels. The accelerated levels of urbanization and increase in population deplete the finite resources essential for human sustenance. In this aspect, water is one of the non-renewable sources that is running out very fast and is polluted drastically day by day. One way of tackling the problem is to reduce the pollution levels by decreasing the usage of chemicals in the process, and the other is to find ways to reuse or reduce the contaminants in the effluent by treatment methods. Most of the available water recycling or treatment methods are not sustainable. Some of them even use toxic chemicals in the processing steps. Treatment of organic wastes from industries is a challenging task as they are hard to remove. Electrocoagulation is one of the emerging water treatment technologies that is highly sustainable and has a comparatively cheaper operating cost. Being a broad-spectrum treatment process, it is suitable for treating the most common water pollutants ranging from oils, bacteria, heavy metals, and others. The process is also straightforward, where electrical current is used to coagulate the contaminates. The presence of carcinogens in these waste water increases the need for its treatment towards further use. The present investigation is made as an extensive analysis of the emerging carcinogens and their various sources from process industries, especially in the form of organic waste and their removal by electrocoagulation and its coupled techniques. The paper also aims to ascertain why the electrocoagulation technique may be a better alternative compared with other methods for the removal of carcinogens in organic wastewater, an analysis which has not been explored before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavan Yasasve
- Department of Biotechnology, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology (Affiliated to Anna University), Chembarambakkam, Chennai, 600123, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muralidharan Manjusha
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhinakaran Manojj
- Department of Biotechnology, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology (Affiliated to Anna University), Chembarambakkam, Chennai, 600123, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N M Hariharan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology (Affiliated to Anna University), Chembarambakkam, Chennai, 600123, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - P Sai Preethi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology (Affiliated to Anna University), Chembarambakkam, Chennai, 600123, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Perumal Asaithambi
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Po Box - 378, Ethiopia
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem, 636007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthupandian Saravanan
- AMR and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Yang C, Jin X, Hu S, Guo Y, Qian Z, Jin P. Enhanced removal of organics and ammonia by a composite anode in the electrochemically assisted ozonation (EAO) processes with reduced sludge and alleviated passivation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Effect of additional Fe 2+ salt on electrocoagulation process for the degradation of methyl orange dye: An optimization and kinetic study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10176. [PMID: 36033268 PMCID: PMC9399484 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The wastewater generated from textile industries is highly colored and contains dyes including azo dyes, which are toxic to human and water-living organisms. The treatment of these azo dyes using conventional treatment techniques is challenging due to their recalcitrant properties. In the current study, the effect of additional Fe2+ on electrocoagulation (EC) using Fe electrodes has been studied for the removal of methyl orange (MO) azo dye. pH between 4-5 was found to be optimum for EC and treatment efficiency decreased with increasing dye concentrations. With the addition of Fe2+ salt, dye removal for a certain concentration was increased with the increase of current density and Fe2+ up to a certain limit and after that, the removal efficiency decreased. The COD, color and dye removals were 88.5%, 93.1% and 100%, respectively, for EC of 200 mg.L−1 dye solution using only 0.20 mmol.L−1 Fe2+ for 0.40 mA cm−2 current density, whereas for EC, the respective removal efficiencies were 76.7%, 63.4% and 82.4% for 32 min. The respective operating cost for EC was $768 kg−1 removed dye ($0.342 m−3), whereas, for EC with additional Fe2+ salt, it was $350 kg−1 removed dye ($0.189 m−3). The kinetic results revealed that the first-order kinetic model was fitted best for EC, whereas the second-order kinetic model was best fitted for Fe2+ added EC. For real textile wastewater, 57.6% COD removal was obtained for 0.15 mmol.L−1 Fe2+ added EC compared to 27.8% COD removal for EC for 32 min. Based on the study we can conclude that Fe2+ assisted EC can be used for effective treatment of textile wastewater containing toxic compounds like azo dyes. EC represents limiting treatment performance for higher contaminant concentrations. 0.20 mmol.L−1 Fe2+ salt enhances the EC treatment performance of MO dye to 100%. EC followed first-order kinetic model, whereas Fe2+ added EC followed second-order kinetic model. Operating cost was reduced to $0.327 m−3 from $0.598 m−3 for EC with additional Fe2+. 58% COD was removed for 0.15 mmol.L−1 Fe2+ added EC for real textile wastewater.
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Adsorption Characteristics and Mechanisms of Fe-Mn Oxide Modified Biochar for Pb(II) in Wastewater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148420. [PMID: 35886272 PMCID: PMC9316531 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This study prepared iron-manganese oxide-modified biochar (FM-BC) by impregnating rice straw biochar (BC) with a mixed solution of ferric nitrate and potassium permanganate. The effects of pH, FM-BC dosage, interference of coexisting ions, adsorption time, incipient Pb(II) concentration, and temperature on the adsorption of Pb(II) by FM-BC were investigated. Moreover, the Pb(II) adsorption mechanism of FM-BC was analyzed using a series of characterization techniques. The results showed that the Fe-Mn oxide composite modification significantly promoted the physical and chemical functions of the biochar surface and the adsorption capacity of Pb(II). The specific surface area of FM-BC was 18.20 times larger than that of BC, and the maximum Pb(II) adsorption capacity reached 165.88 mg/g. Adsorption kinetic tests showed that the adsorption of Pb(II) by FM-BC was based on the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which indicated that the adsorption process was mainly governed by chemical adsorption. The isothermal adsorption of Pb(II) by FM-BC conformed to the Langmuir model, indicating that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Characterization analyses (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) showed that the adsorption mechanism of Pb(II) by FM-BC was mainly via electrostatic adsorption, chemical precipitation, complexation, ion exchange, and the transformation of Mn2O3 into MnO2. Therefore, FM-BC is a promising adsorbent for Pb(II) removal from wastewater.
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Nasrullah M, Ansar S, Krishnan S, Singh L, Peera SG, Zularisam AW. Electrocoagulation treatment of raw palm oil mill effluent: Optimization process using high current application. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134387. [PMID: 35339529 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the electrocoagulation wastewater treatment process, extremely polluted water treatment requires an effective technique, and using high current is one of those. This study aims to optimize electrocoagulation parameters such as operation time, electrodes gap and the initial pH by applying high current intensity to treat palm oil mill effluent (POME) via Box-Behnken design (BBD) method. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and suspended solids (SS) were used as the response variables in the quadratic polynomial model. Most of the selected models in the analysis of variance (ANOVA) have shown significant results. A high connection between the parameters and dependent variables was surprisingly discovered in this study which the obtained value of R2 for removal percentage of COD, BOD and SS were 0.9975, 0.9984 and 0.9979 respectively. Optimal removal was achieved at 19.07 A of current intensity (equivalent to 542 mA/cm2 of current density), 44.97 min of treatment time, 8.60 mm of inter-electrode distance and 4.37 of pH value, resulted in 97.21%, 99.26% and 99.00% of COD, BOD and SS removal respectively. This optimized scheme of operating parameters combination offers an alternate choice for enhancing the treatment efficiency of POME and also can be a benchmark for other researchers to treat highly polluted wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nasrullah
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sabah Ansar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Santhana Krishnan
- PSU Energy Systems Research Institute, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Lakhveer Singh
- Energy Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres, Via Premnager, Dehradun 248007, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Shaik Gouse Peera
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42602, Republic of Korea
| | - A W Zularisam
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
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Zhao J, Wu Q, Tang Y, Zhou J, Guo H. Tannery wastewater treatment: conventional and promising processes, an updated 20-year review. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-022-00082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMismanagement of various wastes especially waste water produced by tanning processes has caused serious environmental problems and ultimately impaired human health. Constant efforts have been making to alleviate the pollution of tannery wastewater (TWW), yet terminal treatment still takes dominance. In this review, research on TWW treatment from 2000 to 2021 was summarized, and main methods such as coagulation and flocculation, adsorption, biological treatment, membrane filtration, advanced oxidation process were briefly discussed. More detailed introduction was given to the method of electrochemical treatment since it has excellent performance such as environmental friendliness and high efficiency, hence attracting more and more research attention in recent years. In view of the harsh physi-chemical conditions of TWW, integrated or combined treatment methods are accordingly recommended with better performance and multi-function, however comprehensive studies on optimization of methods combination and cost-effectiveness are needed. The certain issues that the residue Cr in treatment sludge and high salinity in effluent still remain were put forward in this work and potential solutions were provided. Moreover, this review proposed the perspective that realizing multi-function, recycling, and intensification should be the developing direction for future TWW treatment. This review is expected to provide a general guide for researchers who aspire to ameliorate TWW pollution problems and understand various methods utilized in this field.
Graphical abstract
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Elimination of Chromium (VI) and Nickel (II) Ions in a Packed Column Using Oil Palm Bagasse and Yam Peels. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14081240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The single-component adsorption of chromium (VI) and nickel (II) on oil palm bagasse (OPB) and yam peels (YP) in a packed bed column was explored and improved using a central 22-star T composite design. The temperature, bed height, and particle size were evaluated, and the optimized response variable was the removal efficiency. The remaining concentration of heavy metals in solution was determined by Ultraviolet–Visible and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. It was found that bioadsorbents have a porous structure, with the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino, which favor adsorption processes, and that the adsorption mechanisms controlling the process is cation exchange, precipitation, and complexation on the exposed surface of the biomaterials. In the adsorption trials, removal percentages higher than 87% were obtained in all cases, showing better results in the removal of Cr(VI), and that particle size is the most influential factor. Maximum Cr(VI) capacities of 111.45 mg g−1 and 50.12 mg g−1 were achieved on OPB and YP, respectively, while for nickel values of 103.49 mg g−1 and 30.04 mg g−1 were obtained. From the adjustment of the breakthrough curve to the models, it was determined that the model best able to adjust the data was the Thomas model, and the thermodynamic parameters of Cr(VI) and Ni(II) removal suggest that the process on YP is endothermic, while on OPB it is exothermic. In both biomaterials, the process is controlled by spontaneous chemisorption with a great affinity of the active centers for the ions.
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Gas Hydrate-Based Heavy Metal Ion Removal from Industrial Wastewater: A Review. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14071171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Innovating methods for treating industrial wastewater containing heavy metals frequently incorporate toxicity-reduction technologies to keep up with regulatory requirements. This article reviews the latest advances, benefits, opportunities and drawbacks of several heavy metal removal treatment systems for industrial wastewater in detail. The conventional physicochemical techniques used in heavy metal removal processes with their advantages and limitations are evaluated. A particular focus is given to innovative gas hydrate-based separation of heavy metals from industrial effluent with their comparison, advantages and limitations in the direction of commercialization as well as prospective remedies. Clathrate hydrate-based removal is a potential technology for the treatment of metal-contaminated wastewater. In this work, a complete assessment of the literature is addressed based on removal efficiency, enrichment factor and water recovery, utilizing the gas hydrate approach. It is shown that gas hydrate-based treatment technology may be the way of the future for water management purposes, as the industrial treated water may be utilized for process industries, watering, irrigation and be safe to drink.
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Mehri M, Fallah N, Nasernejad B. Influence of salinity on heavy metal and oil removal from hypersaline oilfield-produced water by electrocoagulation: mechanistic insights. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:23619-23638. [PMID: 34811618 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The focus of the present study was to explore how and to what extent ultrahigh salinity affects the adsorption of cadmium and hydrocarbon pollutants onto aluminum hydroxide adsorbents formed in an electrocoagulation process. The changes in the nature and structure of the electro-generated aluminum particles and the possible removal mechanisms due to high salt content were investigated by using FE-SEM/EDS, FTIR, BET, and XRD analyses. The pseudo-second order and Freundlich models proved to fit the data for cadmium adsorption onto the aluminum hydroxides best. It was demonstrated that the adsorption capacities were significantly affected by the high salinity. With the rise of the salinity from 2 to 170 g/L, the cadmium and COD removal yields dropped from 81 to 60% and from 90 to 72%. The increase of the oil content led to the enhanced cadmium adsorption capacity due to surface complexation and ion exchange mechanisms. It was proved that Lagergren pseudo-first-order kinetic model could justify COD abatement trends. FTIR spectra depicted that the negative impact of high salinities on the adsorption was due to causing the formation of less stable adsorbents. According to BET analysis, the occurrence of much wider pore size distribution and smaller specific surface area in high salinity case was the main reason for the decreased adsorption capacity. Based on XRD analysis, the higher crystallinity of the produced aluminum hydroxide particles and their consequential smaller surface areas resulted in the lower adsorption capacity in the hypersaline environment. It was concluded that adsorption via inner-sphere and outer-sphere complexation and sweep flocculation were the possible removal mechanisms. Total treatment cost of 8.75 and 3.49 €/m3 were estimated for low and ultrahigh salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Mehri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Fallah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahram Nasernejad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Younas F, Niazi NK, Bibi I, Afzal M, Hussain K, Shahid M, Aslam Z, Bashir S, Hussain MM, Bundschuh J. Constructed wetlands as a sustainable technology for wastewater treatment with emphasis on chromium-rich tannery wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126926. [PMID: 34449346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is a major threat to agriculture and humans due to over abstraction of groundwater, rapid urbanization and improper use in industrial processes. Industrial consumption of water is lower than the abstraction rate, which ultimately produces large amounts of wastewater such as from tannery industry containing high concentration of chromium (Cr). Chromium-contaminated tannery industry wastewater is used for irrigation of food crops, resulting in food safety and public health issues globally. In contrast to conventional treatment technologies, constructed wetlands (CWs) are considered as an eco-friendly technique to treat various types of wastewaters, although their application and potential have not been discussed and elaborated for Cr treatment of tannery wastewater. This review briefly describes Cr occurrence, distribution and speciation in aquatic ecosystems. The significance of wetland plant species, microorganisms, various bedding media and adsorbents have been discussed with a particular emphasis on the removal and detoxification of Cr in CWs. Also, the efficiency of various types of CWs is elaborated for advancing our understanding on Cr removal efficiency and Cr partitioning in various compartments of the CWs. The review covers important aspects to use CWs for treatment of Cr-rich tannery wastewater that are key to meet UN's Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazila Younas
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Aslam
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Safdar Bashir
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mahroz Hussain
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jochen Bundschuh
- UNESCO Chair on Groundwater Arsenic within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
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Electrocoagulation applied for the removal of microplastics from wastewater treatment facilities. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lu J, Zhang P, Li J. Electrocoagulation technology for water purification: An update review on reactor design and some newly concerned pollutants removal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113259. [PMID: 34256295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage and quality deterioration are plaguing people all over the world. Providing sustainable and affordable treatment solutions to these problems is a need of the hour. Electrocoagulation (EC) technology is a burgeoning alternative for effective water treatment, which offers the virtues such as compact equipment, easy operation, and low sludge production. Compared to other water purification technologies, EC shows excellent removal efficacy for a wide range of contaminants in water and has great potential for addressing limitations of conventional water purification technologies. This review summarizes the latest development of principle, characteristics, and reactor design of EC. The design of key parameters including reactor shape, power supply type, current density, as well as electrode configuration is further elaborated. In particular, typical water treatment systems powered by renewable energy (solar photovoltaic and wind turbine systems) are proposed. Further, this review provides an overview on expanded application of EC in the removal of some newly concerned pollutants in recent years, including arsenite, perfluorinated compounds, pharmaceuticals, oil, bacteria, and viruses. The removal efficiency and mechanisms of these pollutants are also discussed. Finally, future research trend and focus are further recommended. This review can bridge the large knowledge gap for the EC application that is beneficial for environmental researchers and engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Lu
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Economics and Management, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, China
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Hamid MAA, Aziz HA, Yusoff MS. Electrocoagulation Process in the Treatment of Landfill Leachate. SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 2021:257-304. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119785439.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Mousazadeh M, Niaragh EK, Usman M, Khan SU, Sandoval MA, Al-Qodah Z, Khalid ZB, Gilhotra V, Emamjomeh MM. A critical review of state-of-the-art electrocoagulation technique applied to COD-rich industrial wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43143-43172. [PMID: 34164789 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is one of the emerging technologies in groundwater and wastewater treatment as it combines the benefits of coagulation, sedimentation, flotation, and electrochemical oxidation processes. Extensive research efforts implementing EC technology have been executed over the last decade to treat chemical oxygen demand (COD)-rich industrial wastewaters with the aim to protect freshwater streams (e.g., rivers, lakes) from pollution. A comprehensive review of the available recent literature utilizing EC to treat wastewater with high COD levels is presented. In addition, recommendations are provided for future studies to improve the EC technology and broaden its range of application. This review paper introduces some technologies which are often adopted for industrial wastewater treatment. Then, the EC process is compared with those techniques as a treatment for COD-rich wastewater. The EC process is considered as the most privileged technology by different research groups owing to its ability to deal with abundant volumes of wastewater. After, the application of EC as a single and combined treatment for COD-rich wastewaters is thoroughly reviewed. Finally, this review attempts to highlight the potentials and limitations of EC. Related to the EC process in batch operation mode, the best operational conditions are found at 10 V and 60 min of voltage and reaction time, respectively. These last values guarantee high COD removal efficiencies of > 90%. This review also concludes that considerably large operation costs of the EC process appears to be the serious drawback and renders it as an unfeasible approach for handling of COD rich wastewaters. In the end, this review has attempted to highlights the potential and limitation of EC and suggests that vast notably research in the field of continuous flow EC system is essential to introduce this technology as a convincing wastewater technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mousazadeh
- Student research committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Elnaz Karamati Niaragh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute for Water Resources and Water Supply, Hamburg University of Technology, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 3, 20173, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saif Ullah Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., 202001, India
| | - Miguel Angel Sandoval
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio Ambiental, LEQMA, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Zakaria Al-Qodah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zaied Bin Khalid
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Vishakha Gilhotra
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Sankar R, Varsha A, Sivasubramanian V, Ranjitha J. Electrocoagulation Technique for Cephalothin Sodium Removal with Effective Sludge Management. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Sankar
- National Institute of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering 679121 Calicut India
| | - Aiswarya Varsha
- Vellore Institute of Technology Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering 632014 Vellore India
| | - V. Sivasubramanian
- National Institute of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering 679121 Calicut India
| | - J. Ranjitha
- Vellore Institute of Technology Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering 632014 Vellore India
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Liu H, Wu Y, Li M, Ma H, Li M, Zhu K, Chen G, Wang Z, Wang S. Electrocoagulation pre-treatment to simultaneously remove dissolved and colloidal substances and Ca 2+ in old corrugated container wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:128851. [PMID: 33168278 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An effective electrocoagulation pre-treatment (ECP) method was proposed to simultaneously solve the problems of the micro stickies deposition and high Ca2+ content in old corrugated container (OCC) papermaking wastewater during the recycling process. The optimal ECP condition was investigated. The results indicated that the effect of an Al electrode on wastewater treatment was superior to that of a Fe or Mg electrode. The optimal treatment conditions of the current density, electrode distance and reaction time were 115 A m-2, 5 cm and 60 min, respectively. After the ECP, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Ca2+ removal rates were 75.33% and 64.53%, respectively, and the turbidity and dissolved and colloidal substance (DCS) content decreased by 97.1% and 43.68%, respectively. The particle size of flocs in the liquid increased from 1.675 μm to 31.97 μm, and the floc content was 0.78 g L-1 after ECP. The anode material and energy consumption were 0.1846 kg m-3 and 4.56 kWh m-3, respectively, and the cost of treatment was estimated to be 1.11 $ m-3. The results demonstrate that ECP can effectively remove the micro stickies, COD, and Ca2+ in the OCC wastewater, which is conducive to reducing the cost of wastewater treatment and conform to the requirements of sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
| | - Yueru Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
| | - Mingfu Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
| | - Haitong Ma
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
| | - Meiling Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
| | - Kaili Zhu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
| | - Guoning Chen
- Guangxi Bossco Environment Co., Ltd, Nanning, 530007, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
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Villalobos-Lara AD, Álvarez F, Gamiño-Arroyo Z, Navarro R, Peralta-Hernández JM, Fuentes R, Pérez T. Electrocoagulation treatment of industrial tannery wastewater employing a modified rotating cylinder electrode reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128491. [PMID: 33045507 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The removal of highly concentrated pollutants, presented in a wastewater mixture from industrial tannery effluents by electrocoagulation, was examined. All experiments were carried out in a rotating cylinder electrode reactor with six aluminum anodes and two sedimentation tanks. The influence of the applied current density and rotational speed on the removal efficiency of an electrocoagulation reactor was studied. Chemical oxygen demand was diminished at 70%, while total suspended solids, chromium (III) and turbidity were almost eliminated (>90%) with 6 mA cm-2 of the applied current density. Additionally, a homogeneous cathodic deposit was obtained at the end of each test. Those cathodic deposits and flocs were analyzed by SEM-EDS. Calculations of the cell energy consumption and the produced aluminum cost were estimated for 6 mA cm-2 and 100 rpm, obtaining 1.98 kWh m-3 and $0.7 USD m-3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Daniel Villalobos-Lara
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/n, Gto., CP, 36050, Mexico
| | - Francisco Álvarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/n, Gto., CP, 36050, Mexico
| | - Zeferino Gamiño-Arroyo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/n, Gto., CP, 36050, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Navarro
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Pueblito de Rocha s/n, Gto., CP, 36040, Mexico
| | - Juan M Peralta-Hernández
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Pueblito de Rocha s/n, Gto., CP, 36040, Mexico
| | - Rosalba Fuentes
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/n, Gto., CP, 36050, Mexico
| | - Tzayam Pérez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/n, Gto., CP, 36050, Mexico.
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Nidheesh PV, Scaria J, Babu DS, Kumar MS. An overview on combined electrocoagulation-degradation processes for the effective treatment of water and wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127907. [PMID: 32835972 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) process is found as effective water and wastewater treatment method, as it can able to remove a variety of pollutants, treat various industrial wastewater, and able to handle fluctuations in pollutant quality and quantity. The performance of EC process can be improved significantly in combination with degradation processes. Different combinations of EC process with Fenton, electro-Fenton, photo-Fenton, photocatalysis, sonochemical treatment, ozonation, indirect electrochemical oxidation, anodic oxidation and sulfate radical based advanced oxidation process are found very effective for the treatment of water and wastewater. Enhanced performance of EC process in combination with degradation process was reported in most of the articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Jaimy Scaria
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - D Syam Babu
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - M Suresh Kumar
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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32
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Li Y, Gao L, Lu Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wan S. Enhanced Removal of Heavy Metals from Water by Hydrous Ferric Oxide-Modified Biochar. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:28702-28711. [PMID: 33195923 PMCID: PMC7659148 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has become an attractive adsorbent for heavy metal removal, but its application potential is very limited because of the relatively low adsorption capacity and poor selectivity. In the present study, we decorated the biochar (BC) by impregnating hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) within the pore of biochar and consequently obtained a new hybrid adsorbent denoted as HFO-BC. The results show HFO-BC exhibited excellent performance to two representative heavy metals, i.e., Cd(II) and Cu(II), with maximal experimental sorption capacities of 29.9 mg/g for Cd(II) and 34.1 mg/g for Cu(II). HFO-BC showed satisfactory anti-interference ability for Cd(II) and Cu(II) removal in the presence of high levels of Ca(II) and Mg(II) owing to the specific inner-sphere complexation between the immobilized HFO and Cd(II) and Cu(II), which was probed by XPS analysis. Cd(II) and Cu(II) removal onto HFO-BC experienced two distinct stages prior to be adsorbed, i.e., migration from solution to the outside surface of adsorbent and pore diffusion and approached equilibrium within 100 min. In the laboratory-scale small column adsorption experiment, HFO-BC can generate ∼129 and 300 BV effluents for Cd(II) and Cu(II), equivalent to 774- and 1854-fold of its own weight, to meet their treatment standards. Moreover, the exhausted HFO-BC can be effectively regenerated using HCl-CaCl2 binary solution with a desorption rate more than 95%. All results validate that impregnating HFO inside the pores of BC is a promising approach to promote the practical applicability of BC for removing heavy metals from the polluted water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School
of Earth and Environment, Anhui University
of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
- College
of Life & Environmental Sciences, Huangshan
University, Huangshan 245041, China
| | - Liangmin Gao
- School
of Earth and Environment, Anhui University
of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Zhongxiang Lu
- College
of Life & Environmental Sciences, Huangshan
University, Huangshan 245041, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- College
of Life & Environmental Sciences, Huangshan
University, Huangshan 245041, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College
of Life & Environmental Sciences, Huangshan
University, Huangshan 245041, China
| | - Shunli Wan
- College
of Life & Environmental Sciences, Huangshan
University, Huangshan 245041, China
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Asif MB, Maqbool T, Zhang Z. Electrochemical membrane bioreactors: State-of-the-art and future prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140233. [PMID: 32570070 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Integration of an electrochemical process with membrane bioreactor (MBR) has attracted considerable attention in the last decade for simultaneous improvement in pollutant removal and hydraulic performance of MBR. Electrochemical MBR (eMBR) with sacrificial anodes has been observed to achieve enhanced phosphorus (up to 40%) and micropollutant removal (5-60%). This is because direct anodic oxidation, indirect oxidation by reactive oxygen species and electrocoagulation can supplement the biological process. The application of an electric field can substantially reduce membrane fouling by 10% to 95% in the eMBR as compared to the conventional MBR. Sacrificial electrodes (e.g., iron or aluminium) have been reported to be more suitable for fouling mitigation than non-sacrificial electrodes (e.g., titanium). However, during prolonged operation, metal ions released from sacrificial electrodes can adversely affect microbial activity and could accumulate in activated sludge. Depending on the current density and electrode material (sacrificial or non- sacrificial), anodic oxidation, electrocoagulation, electrophoresis and/or electroosmosis mechanisms are responsible for suppressing membrane fouling propensity. This paper critically reviews the current status of the electrochemical MBR technology and presents a concise summary of eMBR configurations and electrode materials. Comparative removal of bulk organics, nutrients and micropollutants in the eMBR and conventional MBR is discussed, and performance governing factors are elucidated. Impacts of operating conditions such as current density on mixed liquor properties (e.g., floc size and zeta potential) and microbial activity are elucidated. The extent of membrane fouling mitigation along with associated mechanisms as well as energy consumption is explained and critically analysed. Future research directions are suggested to fast track the scalability of eMBR, which include but are not limited to electrode lifetime, development of self-cleaning conductive membranes, optimisation of operating parameters, removal of emerging micropollutants, accumulation of toxic metals in activated sludge, and degradation by-products and ecotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Asif
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua-Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua-Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenghua Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua-Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Huo S, Liu J, Zhu F, Basheer S, Necas D, Zhang R, Li K, Chen D, Cheng P, Cobb K, Chen P, Brandel B, Ruan R. Post treatment of swine anaerobic effluent by weak electric field following intermittent vacuum assisted adjustment of N:P ratio for oil-rich filamentous microalgae production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123718. [PMID: 32599529 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A weak electric field (EF) was applied to decolorize the swine anaerobic effluent, which was followed by N:P ratio adjustment via intermittent-vacuum stripping (IVS) system for oil-rich filamentous microalgae Tribonema sp. cultivation. A higher electric field strength, higher temperature, and lower pH conditions showed higher efficiency in decolorization and nutrients removal during EF application. In the group of 30:1 (N:P) ratio, Tribonema sp. had the largest biomass accumulation (2.04 g·L-1) after 14 days cultivation. However, the 20:1 group had highest oil accumulation (oil content 55.4 ± 3.4%), while 30:1 (N: P) group was 42.3 ± 1.8%. Under the conditions of sufficient nitrogen (50:1 group), the highest contents of α-linolenic acid (15.5%) and ω-3 fatty acids (21.8%) were reached. The integrated treatment of EF, IVS and microalgae cultivation demonstrated to be effective for nutrients recycling and sustainable biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Huo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Junzhi Liu
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Sajid Basheer
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - David Necas
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Renchuan Zhang
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Kun Li
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Dongjie Chen
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States; College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Krik Cobb
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Paul Chen
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Bailey Brandel
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States.
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Fan T, Deng W, Feng X, Pan F, Li Y. An integrated electrocoagulation - Electrocatalysis water treatment process using stainless steel cathodes coated with ultrathin TiO 2 nanofilms. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126776. [PMID: 32335437 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anodic electrocoagulation processes can remove broad varieties of pollutants in industrial wastewater. However, some stubborn contaminants may still remain in effluents after the treatment and cause environmental issues. To further improve the efficiency of pollutant removal, we have coupled electrocatalysis with electrocoagulation and applied an atomic layer deposition (ALD) enabled TiO2 ultrathin overcoating at a nanometer scale on a stainless steel cathode. The electrocatalytic overcoating increased the elimination efficiency of organics and microorganisms, likely due to the electro-generation of adequate reactive oxygen species (ROS). The thickness of TiO2 nanofilm was controlled by the number of ALD cycles, and it was found that nanofilms processed with 50-100 cycles led to the maximum benefit of pollutant removal. By using the novel electrocoagulation-electrocatalysis cell to treat synthetic wastewater, a remarkable removal of 99.92% of E. Coli, 92.1% of suspended solids, 98.3% of heavy metal ions, and 88.8% of methylene blue was observed. This hybrid electrochemical treatment process may have the potential to treat wastewater at a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhu Fan
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Wei Deng
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xuhui Feng
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Fuping Pan
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ying Li
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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36
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Hethnawi A, Khderat W, Hashlamoun K, Kanan A, Nassar NN. Enhancing Chromium (VI) removal from synthetic and real tannery effluents by using diatomite-embedded nanopyroxene. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126523. [PMID: 32229355 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A commercial filter aid material of Diatomite was modified via loading it with a low mass fraction of polyethylenimine-functionalized pyroxene nanoparticles (PEI-PNs) to enhance its adsorption activities. The modified Diatomite was then used for Cr(VI) removal from dichromate solution and from real tannery wastewater. For the synthetic wastewater, batch adsorption experiments were first performed at various pH and Cr(VI) initial concentrations. Then, the obtained kinetic parameters were used to investigate the continuous adsorption inside the fixed-bed column. The continuous removal of the Cr(VI) was performed inside a fixed-bed column under various influent flow rates, Cr(VI) initial concentrations, and bed-heights. In the column experiments, high adsorption of Cr(VI) was observed at low flow rates, high bed heights, and low influent initial concentrations. A dimensionless form of the advection-axial dispersion model, featuring Peclet number as a fitting parameter, was then used to study the breakthrough behavior under various dynamic parameters. Afterward, the modified Diatomite was used to remediate well characterized real tannery wastewater. For the treatment of the tannery wastewater, our modified filter aid, compared with the non-modified one, showed an outstanding performance and a higher removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afif Hethnawi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Wisal Khderat
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Al-Quds University, P.O Box 20002, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Kotaybah Hashlamoun
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Amer Kanan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Al-Quds University, P.O Box 20002, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Nashaat N Nassar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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37
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Xu T, Zhou Y, Hu B, Lei X, Yu G. Comparison between sinusoidal AC coagulation and conventional DC coagulation in removing Cu 2+ from printed circuit board wastewater. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 197:110629. [PMID: 32325329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new Electrocoagulation (EC) technique, sinusoidal AC coagulation (SACC), is creatively put forward for Cu2+ removal in the wastewater from the printed circuit board (PCB) production in this paper. The removal efficiency of Cu2+ from PCB wastewater and energy consumption are compared by SACC and conventional direct current coagulation (DCC). The optimal process parameters were established through analysis of response surface methodology (RSM). The coagulations containing Cu2+ was characterized by SEM, EDS, TEM,BET, XRD and FTIR. The nano-ferrum collosol, mainly composed of goethite (α-FeOOH) and magnetite (γ-Fe2O3), absorbs the Cu2+ and coagulates to remove Cu2+. The results show that the removal rates of Cu2+ by SACC and DCC are 99.86% and 98.21%, respectively, and the energy consumption is 2.76 × 10-2 kWh⋅m-3 for SACC and 4.42 × 10-2 kWh⋅m-3 for DCC under the optimal process conditions of c0 (Cu2+) = 41.99 mg⋅dm-3, pH = 7.14, j = 0.293 A⋅m-2, t = 16.7 min. The pilot tests indicate that the SACC technique is feasible in industrial application. Cu2+ removal were completed through electrodeposition of Cu2+ on iron electrode, the deposition of Cu(OH)2 and the adsorption of Cu2+ by ferrum collosol. The adsorption follows the pseudo-second order kinetics model well. The maximum saturated adsorption capacity (qmax) of Cu2+ on ferrum collosol produced by SACC is larger than that by DCC. The adsorption of Cu2+ on the ferrum collosol prepared by SACC and DCC are in accordance with Langmuir's adsorption isotherms. The novel SACC technique is a promising technique for the highly-efficient treatment of Cu2+ from PCB wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Bonian Hu
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, 421008, China.
| | - Xiping Lei
- Hunan Zihong Ecology Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410082, China; Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Gang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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38
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Continuous Adsorption Modeling and Fixed Bed Column Studies: Adsorption of Tannery Wastewater Pollutants Using Beach Sand. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/7613484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study deals with the removal of residual pollutants from tanning wastewater by continuous adsorption mechanism, using local sand as a low-cost adsorbent. The possibility of pretreating a complex tannery effluent heavily loaded with a natural material such as sand is significant. The characterization of the adsorbent before and after continuous adsorption was performed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Column studies were also carried out to evaluate the performance of the adsorbent and the efficiency of column adsorption. The adsorption kinetic rate seems to be strongly influenced by certain parameters such as the particle size of the material used, the withdrawal rate of the influent and the height of the adsorbent bed, and optimized parameters were found to be 63 μm, 15 ml·min−1, and 7 cm, respectively, and the color removal has achieved maximum values which vary between 95 and 100%. The results suggest that sand can be used as an economical adsorbent for the removal of color from the wastewater of the tanning industries.
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39
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Sawalha H, Alsharabaty R, Sarsour S, Al-Jabari M. Wastewater from leather tanning and processing in Palestine: Characterization and management aspects. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 251:109596. [PMID: 31561144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Leather manufacturing industry has major environmental impacts. Characterization of tannery's wastewater (WW) is a key step in the management of wastewater released from various processes. This study presents some physicochemical characteristics measured in wastewater. It compares the pollution loads released from both goat and cow hides processing. The main pollution characteristics of wastewater released from two local tanneries were determined experimentally, through analyzing real samples of industrial discharges. These include chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), pH, and the concentrations of chloride, ammonia (NH3) and chromium in both states, Cr (III) and Cr (VI). Characterization of such processes effluents assists in identifying waste generation rates and discharges, and then in recommending cleaner production options. The results shows that the amount of WW produced in the local Palestinian tanneries is much lower than tanneries worldwide, whereas it is more concentrated with pollutants. Liming process has the highest COD and the highest pH value, where tanning process releases WW highly concentrated with chromium. Real process measurements and mass balance calculations indicated that the chromium uptake efficiency is only 46.6%. Such a low efficiency indicates that cleaner production measures are essential in local tanneries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sawalha
- Renewable Energy and Environment Research Unit, Mechanical Engineering Department, Palestine Polytechnic University, P.O. Box: 198, Wadi Al-Haria, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Razan Alsharabaty
- Renewable Energy and Environment Research Unit, Mechanical Engineering Department, Palestine Polytechnic University, P.O. Box: 198, Wadi Al-Haria, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Sawsan Sarsour
- Renewable Energy and Environment Research Unit, Mechanical Engineering Department, Palestine Polytechnic University, P.O. Box: 198, Wadi Al-Haria, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Maher Al-Jabari
- Renewable Energy and Environment Research Unit, Mechanical Engineering Department, Palestine Polytechnic University, P.O. Box: 198, Wadi Al-Haria, Hebron, Palestine.
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40
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Pinedo-Hernández J, Marrugo-Negrete J, Díez S. Removal of Cypermethrin and Chemical Oxygen Demand from Livestock Wastewater by Electrocoagulation. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201800742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Pinedo-Hernández
- University of CórdobaFaculty of Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Water, Applied and Environmental Chemistry GroupLaboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Management Montería Colombia
| | - José Marrugo-Negrete
- University of CórdobaFaculty of Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Water, Applied and Environmental Chemistry GroupLaboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Management Montería Colombia
| | - Sergi Díez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDÆA-CSICEnvironmental Chemistry Department 08034 Barcelona Spain
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41
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Oumani A, Mandi L, Berrekhis F, Ouazzani N. Removal of Cr 3+ from tanning effluents by adsorption onto phosphate mine waste: Key parameters and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 378:120718. [PMID: 31202071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate key parameters and mechanisms affecting Cr3+ removal from tanning wastewater using phosphate mine waste (PW) as adsorbent in batch mode. The initial Cr3+ concentration was 3920 mg.L-1. The maximum removal capacity of Cr3+ was found to be 97.23 mg.g-1 using 40 g.L-1 of PW at 50 °C and at 200 rpm of stirring speed. Thermodynamic studies indicated that Cr3+ sorption is endothermic reaction of a physico-chemical adsorption process. Kinetic data were satisfactorily described by a pseudo-second order model. Cr3+ removal is probably involving several mechanisms: PW surface dissolution, precipitation, co-precipitation, ion exchange and adsorption. The chromium sorption seems modifying the crystalline structure of the adsorbent. Adsorption isotherm was described by Freundlich, Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson models. But statistically, Freundlich fit better the experimental data. Five error functions were used to check this result. Treatment of chromium effluent using PW as adsorbent can also eliminate more than 60% of organic matter and then can be considered as an effective biomaterial for tanning wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Oumani
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology, Ecotoxicology, Sanitation and Climate change (LHEAC-URAC33), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; National Center for Research and Studies on Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Laila Mandi
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology, Ecotoxicology, Sanitation and Climate change (LHEAC-URAC33), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; National Center for Research and Studies on Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Fatima Berrekhis
- Equipe de Physico-chimie des Matériaux, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Naaila Ouazzani
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology, Ecotoxicology, Sanitation and Climate change (LHEAC-URAC33), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; National Center for Research and Studies on Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.
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42
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Syam Babu D, Anantha Singh TS, Nidheesh PV, Suresh Kumar M. Industrial wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation process. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1671866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Syam Babu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - T. S. Anantha Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deenadayal Petroleum University, Gujarat, India
| | - P. V. Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - M. Suresh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
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43
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Bardi A, Yuan Q, Siracusa G, Becarelli S, Di Gregorio S, Tigini V, Levin DB, Petroni G, Munz G. Stability of fungal biomass continuously fed with tannic acid in a non-sterile moving-packed bed reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 247:67-77. [PMID: 31234047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A number of bacteria and fungi are known to degrade tannins. In this study, the efficiency of the white-rot fungus, Bjerkandera adusta MUT 2295, was evaluated for the treatment of a synthetic solution prepared with tannic acid. Tests were performed in continuously fed, bench-scale, packed-bed reactors, operated under non-sterile conditions with biomass immobilized within PolyUrethane Foam cubes (PUFs). The main parameters monitored to evaluate the process efficiency were: soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (sCOD), Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal, and activities. of Tannase and Lignin Peroxidase. At the end of the process, additional parameters were evaluated, including the increase of fungal dry weight and the presence of ergosterol. The reactor was operative for 210 days, with maximum sCOD and TOC removal of 81% and 73%, respectively. The reduction of sCOD and TOC were positively correlated with the detection of Tannase and Lignin Peroxidase (LiP) activities. Increases in biomass within the PUF cubes was associated with increases in ergosterol concentrations. This study proved that the fungal-based system tested was efficient for the degradation of tannic acid over a period of time, and under non-sterile conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bardi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Q Yuan
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, 15 Gillson Street, R3T 5V6, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - G Siracusa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - S Becarelli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - S Di Gregorio
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - V Tigini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - D B Levin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, 75A Chancellor Circle, R3T 5V6, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - G Petroni
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Munz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Via S. Marta 3, 50139, Florence, Italy
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44
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Enhancing treatability of tannery wastewater by integrated process of electrocoagulation and fungal via using RSM in an economic perspective. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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45
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Yan B, Han L, Xiao H, Zhang J, Huang J, Hu W, Gu Y, Liu Q, Zeng H. Rapid Dewatering and Consolidation of Concentrated Colloidal Suspensions: Mature Fine Tailings via Self-Healing Composite Hydrogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21610-21618. [PMID: 31117468 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Billions of tonnes of thick waste streams with highly concentrated colloidal suspensions from different origins have accumulated worldwide, exampled as over 220 km2 mature fine tailings (MFT) from oil sands production in north Alberta. Current treatment technologies are limited by slow yet insufficient water release and sludge consolidation. Herein, a self-healing composite hydrogel system is designed to convert concentrated aqueous colloidal suspensions (e.g., MFT with colloidal solid content >30 wt %) into a dynamic double cross-linked network for rapid dewatering and consolidation. The resultant composite hydrogel demonstrates an excellent dewatering performance so that over 50% of water could be rapidly released within 30 min by vacuum filtration. Furthermore, the formed infinite cross-linked network with self-healing ability can effectively trap fine particles of all sizes and capture small flocs during mechanical mixing, thereby enabling a low solid content at the ppm level in the released water. This new strategy outperforms all the previously reported treatment methods; under mechanical compression, over 80% of water is removed from the MFT, thereby generating a stackable material with >70 wt % solids within an hour. These results demonstrate a highly effective approach and provide insight into the development of advanced materials to tackle the challenging environmental slurry issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yan
- College of Light Industry, Textile, and Food Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB T6G 1H9 , Canada
| | - Linbo Han
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering , Shenzhen Technology University , Shenzhen 518118 , China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB T6G 1H9 , Canada
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- College of Light Industry, Textile, and Food Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB T6G 1H9 , Canada
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB T6G 1H9 , Canada
| | - Wenjihao Hu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB T6G 1H9 , Canada
| | - Yingchun Gu
- College of Light Industry, Textile, and Food Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB T6G 1H9 , Canada
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB T6G 1H9 , Canada
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46
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Carvajal-Flórez E. Technologies applicable to the removal of heavy metals from landfill leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:15725-15753. [PMID: 30989600 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a review of the main physical, chemical, electrochemical, and biological technologies used for treating heavy metals in the wastewater of industrial processes and in synthetic aqueous solutions which could be applied to leachate from landfills. This paper outlines the generalities, operating principles, and modifications made to the technologies described. It discusses and assesses which of these have better removal rates and higher levels of efficiency in minimizing the heavy metal concentrations contained in leachates, such as mercury, chromium, lead, nickel, and copper among others. The first part of the document presents the so-called conventional technologies, such as chemical, physical, and electrochemical treatment. These have been used to treat different wastewater, especially industrial waste, operating adequately from the technical topic, but with high costs and the secondary products' production. The second part exposes biological treatments tend to be most widely used due to their versatility, effectiveness, and low cost, when compared with traditional technologies. It is important to note that there is no single treatment and that each of the technologies reviewed has different heavy metal decontamination rates. All technologies search to reduce concentrations of heavy metals to values that are safe for the natural resources where they are discharged or disposed, thereby complying with the regulatory limits regulated in each of the regions.
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47
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Giwa A, Dindi A, Kujawa J. Membrane bioreactors and electrochemical processes for treatment of wastewaters containing heavy metal ions, organics, micropollutants and dyes: Recent developments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 370:172-195. [PMID: 29958700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Research and development activities on standalone systems of membrane bioreactors and electrochemical reactors for wastewater treatment have been intensified recently. However, several challenges are still being faced during the operation of these reactors. The current challenges associated with the operation of standalone MBR and electrochemical reactors include: membrane fouling in MBR, set-backs from operational errors and conditions, energy consumption in electrochemical systems, high cost requirement, and the need for simplified models. The advantage of this review is to present the most critical challenges and opportunities. These challenges have necessitated the design of MBR derivatives such as anaerobic MBR (AnMBR), osmotic MBR (OMBR), biofilm MBR (BF-MBR), membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR), and magnetically-enhanced systems. Likewise, electrochemical reactors with different configurations such as parallel, cylindrical, rotating impeller-electrode, packed bed, and moving particle configurations have emerged. One of the most effective approaches towards reducing energy consumption and membrane fouling rate is the integration of MBR with low-voltage electrochemical processes in an electrically-enhanced membrane bioreactor (eMBR). Meanwhile, research on eMBR modeling and sludge reuse is limited. Future trends should focus on novel/fresh concepts such as electrically-enhanced AnMBRs, electrically-enhanced OMBRs, and coupled systems with microbial fuel cells to further improve energy efficiency and effluent quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Giwa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Masdar City campus, P.O. Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Abdallah Dindi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Masdar City campus, P.O. Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Joanna Kujawa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7, Gagarina Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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48
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Pollutant Removal from Wastewater at Different Stages of the Tanning Process by Electrocoagulation. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/8162931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), turbidity, and chromium content from tannery wastewater at different stages of the process was experimentally investigated using electrocoagulation (EC) with iron and aluminium electrodes. In the EC of the beamhouse wastewater (S1), the effects of initial pH and current density were analyzed and electrical energy consumption was determined. The COD and TOC in the solution were effectively removed, with an initial pH 7.0, using either metallic electrode. With a current density of 28 mA/cm2 for an electrolysis procedure of 60 minutes, the removal efficiency of COD and TOC was 72% and 57% with aluminium electrodes and 69% and 60% with iron electrodes, respectively. The minimum energy consumption for the highest COD and TOC removal was 0.37 and 0.69 kWh/m3 when employing iron or aluminium electrodes, respectively. At the optimal conditions, removal efficiencies close to 100% for turbidity and chromium content for wastewaters S1-beamhouse, S2-tanning, S3-retanning, and S4-a mixture 1 : 1 : 1 (v/v/v) were achieved. Results show that a pseudosecond-order rate equation provides a good correlation for the removal rate of the parameters. Finally, the results indicate that for tannery wastewater, the EC process does not depend noticeably on the electrode material, but that the stage of the tanning process of wastewater sample has the principal effect on treatment efficiency.
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49
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Ensano BMB, Borea L, Naddeo V, de Luna MDG, Belgiorno V. Control of emerging contaminants by the combination of electrochemical processes and membrane bioreactors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:1103-1112. [PMID: 28477257 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the removal of selected pharmaceuticals, as recalcitrant organic compounds, from synthetic wastewater using an electro-membrane bioreactor (eMBR). Diclofenac (DCF), carbamazepine (CBZ), and amoxicillin (AMX) were selected as representative drugs from three different therapeutic groups such as anti-inflammatory, anti-epileptic, and antibiotic, respectively. An environmentally relevant concentration (10 μg/L) of each compound was spiked into the synthetic wastewater, and then, the impact of appending electric field on the control of membrane fouling and the removal of conventional contaminants and pharmaceutical micropollutants were assessed. A conventional membrane bioreactor (MBR) was operated as a control test. A reduction of membrane fouling was observed in the eMBR with a 44% decrease of the fouling rate and a reduction of membrane fouling precursors. Humic substances (UV254), ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), and orthophosphate (PO4-P) showed in eMBR removal efficiencies up to 90.68 ± 4.37, 72.10 ± 13.06, and 100%, respectively, higher than those observed in the MBR. A reduction of DCF, CBZ, and AMX equal to 75.25 ± 8.79, 73.84 ± 9.24, and 72.12 ± 10.11%, respectively, was found in the eMBR due to the enhanced effects brought by electrochemical processes, such as electrocoagulation, electrophoresis, and electrooxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Marie B Ensano
- Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Laura Borea
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Naddeo
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Mark Daniel G de Luna
- Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Vincenzo Belgiorno
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
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50
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Nasrullah M, Zularisam A, Krishnan S, Sakinah M, Singh L, Fen YW. High performance electrocoagulation process in treating palm oil mill effluent using high current intensity application. Chin J Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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