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Lan Y, Gao X, Xu H, Li M. 20 years of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on toxicity assessments. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:121007. [PMID: 38096726 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) serve as brominated flame retardants which continue to receive considerable attention because of their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. Although PBDEs have been restricted and phased out, large amounts of commercial products containing PBDEs are still in use and discarded annually. Consequently, PBDEs added to products can be released into our surrounding environments, particularly in aquatic systems, thus posing great risks to human health. Many studies and reviews have described the possible toxic effects of PBDEs, while few studies have comprehensively summarized and analyzed the global trends of their toxicity assessment. Therefore, this study utilizes bibliometrics to evaluate the worldwide scientific output of PBDE toxicity and analyze the hotspots and future trends of this field. Firstly, the basic information including the most contributing countries/institutions, journals, co-citations, influential authors, and keywords involved in PBDE toxicity assessment will be visualized. Subsequently, the potential toxicity of PBDE exposure to diverse systems, such as endocrine, reproductive, neural, and gastrointestinal tract systems, and related toxic mechanisms will be discussed. Finally, we conclude this review by outlining the current challenges and future perspectives in environmentally relevant PBDE exposure, potential carriers for PBDE transport, the fate of PBDEs in the environment and human bodies, advanced stem cell-derived organoid models for toxicity assessment, and promising omics technologies for obtaining toxic mechanisms. This review is expected to offer systematical insights into PBDE toxicity assessments and facilitate the development of PBDE-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lan
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Minghui Li
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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2
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, (Ron) Hoogenboom L, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Wallace H, Benford D, Fürst P, Hart A, Rose M, Schroeder H, Vrijheid M, Ioannidou S, Nikolič M, Bordajandi LR, Vleminckx C. Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8497. [PMID: 38269035 PMCID: PMC10807361 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food, focusing on 10 congeners: BDE-28, -47, -49, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154, -183 and ‑209. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour and reproductive/developmental effects are the critical effects in rodent studies. For four congeners (BDE-47, -99, -153, -209) the Panel derived Reference Points, i.e. benchmark doses and corresponding lower 95% confidence limits (BMDLs), for endpoint-specific benchmark responses. Since repeated exposure to PBDEs results in accumulation of these chemicals in the body, the Panel estimated the body burden at the BMDL in rodents, and the chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans. For the remaining six congeners no studies were available to identify Reference Points. The Panel concluded that there is scientific basis for inclusion of all 10 congeners in a common assessment group and performed a combined risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the combined margin of exposure (MOET) approach was the most appropriate risk metric and applied a tiered approach to the risk characterisation. Over 84,000 analytical results for the 10 congeners in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary Lower Bound exposure to PBDEs were meat and meat products and fish and seafood. Taking into account the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded that it is likely that current dietary exposure to PBDEs in the European population raises a health concern.
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Xue J, Xiao Q, Zhang M, Li D, Wang X. Toxic Effects and Mechanisms of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13487. [PMID: 37686292 PMCID: PMC10487835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of flame retardants used in plastics, textiles, polyurethane foam, and other materials. They contain two halogenated aromatic rings bonded by an ester bond and are classified according to the number and position of bromine atoms. Due to their widespread use, PBDEs have been detected in soil, air, water, dust, and animal tissues. Besides, PBDEs have been found in various tissues, including liver, kidney, adipose, brain, breast milk and plasma. The continued accumulation of PBDEs has raised concerns about their potential toxicity, including hepatotoxicity, kidney toxicity, gut toxicity, thyroid toxicity, embryotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. Previous studies have suggested that there may be various mechanisms contributing to PBDEs toxicity. The present study aimed to outline PBDEs' toxic effects and mechanisms on different organ systems. Given PBDEs' bioaccumulation and adverse impacts on human health and other living organisms, we summarize PBDEs' effects and potential toxicity mechanisms and tend to broaden the horizons to facilitate the design of new prevention strategies for PBDEs-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Xue
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (Q.X.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaofei Wang
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (Q.X.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
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Hatshan MR, Saquib Q, Siddiqui MA, Faisal M, Ahmad J, Al-Khedhairy AA, Shaik MR, Khan M, Wahab R, Matteis VD, Adil SF. Effectiveness of Nonfunctionalized Graphene Oxide Nanolayers as Nanomedicine against Colon, Cervical, and Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119141. [PMID: 37298090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in nanomedicine have intensively explored the prospective applications of surface-tailored graphene oxide (GO) as anticancer entity. However, the efficacy of nonfunctionalized graphene oxide nanolayers (GRO-NLs) as an anticancer agent is less explored. In this study, we report the synthesis of GRO-NLs and their in vitro anticancer potential in breast (MCF-7), colon (HT-29), and cervical (HeLa) cancer cells. GRO-NLs-treated HT-29, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells showed cytotoxicity in the MTT and NRU assays via defects in mitochondrial functions and lysosomal activity. HT-29, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells treated with GRO-NLs exhibited substantial elevations in ROS, disturbances of the mitochondrial membrane potential, an influx of Ca2+, and apoptosis. The qPCR quantification showed the upregulation of caspase 3, caspase 9, bax, and SOD1 genes in GRO-NLs-treated cells. Western blotting showed the depletion of P21, P53, and CDC25C proteins in the above cancer cell lines after GRO-NLs treatment, indicating its function as a mutagen to induce mutation in the P53 gene, thereby affecting P53 protein and downstream effectors P21 and CDC25C. In addition, there may be a mechanism other than P53 mutation that controls P53 dysfunction. We conclude that nonfunctionalized GRO-NLs exhibit prospective biomedical application as a putative anticancer entity against colon, cervical, and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafe Hatshan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Quaiser Saquib
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood A Siddiqui
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mujeeb Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Wahab
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valeria De Matteis
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Syed Farooq Adil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Qi X, Yin H, Zhu M, Shao P, Dang Z. Understanding the role of biochar in affecting BDE-47 biodegradation by Pseudomonas plecoglossicida: An integrated analysis using chemical, biological, and metabolomic approaches. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118679. [PMID: 35661509 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar-assisted microbial degradation technology is considered as an important strategy to eliminate organic pollutants, but the mechanism of biochar in affecting biodegradation has not been systematically studied. To address this knowledge gap, the effect of various biochars on biodegradation of different initial concentrations of BDE-47 by Pseudomonas plecoglossicida was investigated. The results showed that biochar exhibited significant promotion to the biodegradation of BDE-47, especially at concentrations of BDE-47 above 100 μg/L. The promotion effect was negatively influenced by the aromaticity and micropore volume of biochar. Biochar alleviated the cytotoxicity of BDE-47 to P. plecoglossicida and promoted cell proliferation based on toxicity assays. Additionally, biochar acted as shelter and stimulated the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances, which might support P. plecoglossicida to struggle with extreme conditions. Metabolomic analysis indicated that biochar resulted in upregulation expression of 38 metabolites in P. plecoglossicida. These upregulated metabolites were mainly related to glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, citrate cycle, and serial amino acid metabolism, suggesting that biochar could improve the BDE-47 biodegradation via enhancing oxidative metabolism and energy supply of the bacterial cells. This work elucidates how biochar can affect BDE-47 biodegradation and provides insights for the application prospect of biochar-assisted microbial degradation technology in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Minghan Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pengling Shao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, China
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6
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Saquib Q, Al-Salem AM, Siddiqui MA, Ansari SM, Zhang X, Al-Khedhairy AA. Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP): A flame retardant in solid waste display hepatotoxic and carcinogenic risks for humans. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133977. [PMID: 35216979 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports have confirmed that tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), an organophosphorous flame retardants (OPFRs), profoundly detected in the dust from solid waste (SW), e-waste dumping sites, landfills, and wastewater treatment facilities. Herein, we evaluated the hepatotoxic and carcinogenic potential of TBEP in human liver cells (HepG2). HepG2 cells exhibited cytotoxicity after 3 days of exposure, especially at greater concentrations (100-400 μM). TBEP induced severe DNA damage and cell cycle disturbances that trigger apoptosis in HepG2. TBEP treated cells showed an elevated level of esterase, nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and influx of Ca2+ in exposed cells. Thereby, causing oxidative stress and proliferation inhibition. TBEP exposed HepG2 cells exhibited dysfunction in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated cytoplasmic and nucleolar localization of DNA damage (P53) and apoptotic (caspase 3 and 9) proteins in HepG2 grown in the presence of TBEP for 3 days. Within the cohort of 84 genes of cancer pathway, 10 genes were upregulated and 3 genes were downregulated. The transcriptomic and toxicological data categorically emphasize that TBEP is hepatotoxic, and act as a putative carcinogenic agent. Thereby, direct or indirect ingestion of TBEP containing dusts by workers involved in handling and disposal of SW, as well as residents living nearby the disposal areas are prone to its adverse health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah M Al-Salem
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood A Siddiqui
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabiha M Ansari
- Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Park K, Kwak IS. Apoptotic p53 Gene Expression in the Regulation of Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP)-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Intertidal Crab Macrophthalmusjaponicus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040771. [PMID: 35453456 PMCID: PMC9028815 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), some of the most dangerous chemicals released into the aquatic environment, are distributed worldwide due to their environmental persistence and bioaccumulation. In the study, we investigated p53-related apoptotic responses to POPs such as hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) or 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in the mud crab Macrophthalmus japonicus. To do so, we characterized M. japonicus p53 and evaluated basal levels of p53 expression in different tissues. M. japonicus p53 has conserved amino acid residues involving sites for protein dimerization and DNA and zinc binding. In phylogenetic analysis, the homology of the deduced p53 amino acid sequence was not high (67−70%) among crabs, although M. japonicus p53 formed a cluster with one clade with p53 homologs from other crabs. Tissue distribution patterns revealed that the highest expression of p53 mRNA transcripts was in the hepatopancreas of M. japonicus crabs. Exposure to POPs induced antioxidant defenses to modulate oxidative stress through the upregulation of catalase expression. Furthermore, p53 expression was generally upregulated in the hepatopancreas and gills of M. japonicus after exposure to most concentrations of HBCD or BDE-47 for all exposure periods. In hepatopancreas tissue, significant increases in p53 transcript levels were observed as long-lasting apoptotic responses involving cellular defenses until day 7 of relative long-term exposure. The findings in this study suggest that exposure to POPs such as HBCD or BDE-47 may trigger the induction of cellular defense processes against oxidative stress, including DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis through the transcriptional upregulation of p53 expression in M. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyun Park
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
| | - Ihn-Sil Kwak
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-659-7148
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8
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Saquib Q, Al-Salem AM, Siddiqui MA, Ansari SM, Zhang X, Al-Khedhairy AA. Cyto-Genotoxic and Transcriptomic Alterations in Human Liver Cells by Tris (2-Ethylhexyl) Phosphate (TEHP): A Putative Hepatocarcinogen. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073998. [PMID: 35409358 PMCID: PMC8999606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) is an organophosphate flame retardant (OPFRs) which is extensively used as a plasticizer and has been detected in human body fluids. Contemporarily, toxicological studies on TEHP in human cells are very limited and there are few studies on its genotoxicity and cell death mechanism in human liver cells (HepG2). Herein, we find that HepG2 cells exposed to TEHP (100, 200, 400 µM) for 72 h reduced cell survival to 19.68%, 49.83%, 58.91% and 29.08%, 47.7% and 57.90%, measured by MTT and NRU assays. TEHP did not induce cytotoxicity at lower concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50 µM) after 24 h and 48 h of exposure. Flow cytometric analysis of TEHP-treated cells elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), Ca++ influx and esterase levels, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction (ΔΨm). DNA damage analysis by comet assay showed 4.67, 9.35, 13.78-fold greater OTM values in TEHP (100, 200, 400 µM)-treated cells. Cell cycle analysis exhibited 23.1%, 29.6%, and 50.8% of cells in SubG1 apoptotic phase after TEHP (100, 200 and 400 μM) treatment. Immunofluorescence data affirmed the activation of P53, caspase 3 and 9 proteins in TEHP-treated cells. In qPCR array of 84 genes, HepG2 cells treated with TEHP (100 µM, 72 h) upregulated 10 genes and downregulated 4 genes belonging to a human cancer pathway. Our novel data categorically indicate that TEHP is an oxidative stressor and carcinogenic entity, which exaggerates mitochondrial functions to induce cyto- and genotoxicity and cell death, implying its hepatotoxic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.-S.); (M.A.S.); (A.A.A.-K.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-114-675-768
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Salem
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.-S.); (M.A.S.); (A.A.A.-K.)
| | - Maqsood A. Siddiqui
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.-S.); (M.A.S.); (A.A.A.-K.)
| | - Sabiha M. Ansari
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.-S.); (M.A.S.); (A.A.A.-K.)
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9
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Luan P, Zhang H, Chen X, Zhu Y, Hu G, Cai J, Zhang Z. Melatonin relieves 2,2,4,4-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47)-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction through the AMPK-Sirt1-PGC-1α axis in fish kidney cells (CIK). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113276. [PMID: 35123185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) exist in aquatic environments with nephrotoxicity to non-target aquatic species. Melatonin (MT) exhibits an inhibitory effect of oxidative stress and apoptosis in various diseases. 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is the main homolog of PBDE samples. Therefore, we investigated the toxic mechanism of BDE-47 and the alleviation effect of MT, the ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney (CIK) cells were treated with BDE-47 (100 μM) and/or MT (60 μM) for 24 h. Firstly, BDE-47 exposure could inhibit oxidative stress-related antioxidant enzymes (T-AOC, SOD, CAT and GPx) and increase the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) to cause oxidative stress. Secondly, BDE-47 enhanced mitochondrial division and inhibited fusion to induce mitochondrial membrane potential in CIK cells. BDE-47 enhanced the mRNA and protein levels of mitochondrial-pathway apoptosis related genes (Cas 3, Cyt-c, and BAX). Thirdly, BDE-47 treatment decreased the expression levels of mitochondrial-related regulatory factors AMPK-Sirt1-PGC-1α signal pathway. Intriguingly, BDE-47-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial pathway apoptosis and mitochondrial dynamics disorder could be alleviated by MT treatment. Overall, we concluded that MT could relieve BDE-47-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis through the AMPK-Sirt1-PGC-1α axis. These results enrich the mechanisms of BDE-47 poisoning and reveal that MT treatment may be a potential strategy for solving BDE-47 poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixian Luan
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 0150070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150070, PR China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yue Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Guo Hu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 0150070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150070, PR China.
| | - Jingzeng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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10
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Tang J, Hu B, Zheng H, Qian X, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Xu G, Chen D, Jin X, Li W, Xu L. 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) activates Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediated ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome/p38 MAPK pathway inducing necrosis in cochlear hair cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 221:112423. [PMID: 34146985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is widely used as commercial flame retardants that can be released into the environment and finally enter human body through the food chain. It has been identified to generate neurotoxicity, but little is known about auditory damage and the underlying mechanism following BDE-47 exposure. This study aimed to assess the cell viability with BDE-47 concentration ranging from 0 to 150 μM in mouse organ of Corti-derived cell lines (HEI-OC1). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as an environmental sensor, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NLRP3 inflammasome and p38 MAPK pathways were detected. Results: (1) BDE-47 inhibited the viability in a time- and dose-dependent way in HEI-OC1 cells. Cell cycle was arrested in G1 phase by BDE-47; (2) Elevated intracellular ROS, LDH levels and necrosis were found, which was alleviated by pretreatment with ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC); (3) AhR plays an essential role in ligand-regulated transcription factor activation by exogenous environmental compounds. We found increased expression of AhR and decreased downstream targets of CYP 1A1 and CYP 1B1 in BDE-47-treated HEI-OC1 cells, which was reversed by the AhR antagonist CH-223191 for 2 h before BDE-47 exposure. No significant change was detected in CYP 2B; (4) Enhanced expressions of NLRP3 and caspase-1 were induced by BDE-47, with up-regulations of both pro-inflammatory factors for IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and anti-inflammatory factors for IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13, but down-regulation for IL-1α; (5) Additionally, the p38 MAPK signaling pathway was activated with increased phosphorylation levels of MKK/3/6, p38 MAPK and NF-kB. Overall, our findings illustrate a role of AhR in ROS-induced necrosis of cochlear hair cells by BDE-47 exposure, in which NLRP3 inflammasome and p38 MAPK signaling pathways are activated. The current study first elucidates the sense of hearing damage induced by BDE-47, and cell-specific or mixture exposures in vivo or human studies are needed to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Pathology, The Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Pathology, The Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Huaping Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Xiaolan Qian
- Department of Pathology, The Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Immunopathology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Deqing Chen
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Wanlu Li
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Long Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China; Department of Public Health, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, ZJ, China.
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Paliya S, Mandpe A, Bombaywala S, Kumar MS, Kumar S, Morya VK. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environment: a wake-up call for concerted action in India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:44693-44715. [PMID: 34227009 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) used as flame retardants in the products utilized in day-to-day life. Their bioaccumulation, low volatility, and high persistence in the environment have led to their global spread even to remote and distant regions. The present study identifies gaps in the investigation of the neurotoxic potential of PBDEs, their effects on brain development, toxicokinetic, and their potential as a carcinogen. In India, to date, only human breast milk was assessed for levels of PBDEs, and it is suggested that other human tissues can also be explored. No data on the reproductive toxicity of PBDEs are reported from Indian cohorts. Long-range transport and deposition of PBDEs in colder regions necessitates monitoring of Himalayan regions in India. An inventory of PBDEs is required to be made for addressing the worrisome situation of the unregulated import of E-waste from the developed countries in India. The study also emphasizes providing guidelines for the articulation of policies regarding sound surveillance and management of PBDE production, consumption, and release in the Indian context. It is recommended that a separate cell for monitoring and follow-up of PBDEs should be established in India. Also, the development of better alternatives and environment-friendly remediation technologies for PBDEs is the need of the hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Paliya
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Ashootosh Mandpe
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Sakina Bombaywala
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Manukonda Suresh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India.
| | - Vivek Kumar Morya
- Adhita Biosciences Pvt. Ltd, SIIC Extension, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208 016, India
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12
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Negi CK, Khan S, Dirven H, Bajard L, Bláha L. Flame Retardants-Mediated Interferon Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084282. [PMID: 33924165 PMCID: PMC8074384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing concern worldwide, affecting 25% of the global population. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease with a broad spectrum of pathology includes steatosis, which gradually progresses to a more severe condition such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually leads to hepatic cancer. Several risk factors, including exposure to environmental toxicants, are involved in the development and progression of NAFLD. Environmental factors may promote the development and progression of NAFLD by various biological alterations, including mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species production, nuclear receptors dysregulation, and interference in inflammatory and immune-mediated signaling. Moreover, environmental contaminants can influence immune responses by impairing the immune system’s components and, ultimately, disease susceptibility. Flame retardants (FRs) are anthropogenic chemicals or mixtures that are being used to inhibit or delay the spread of fire. FRs have been employed in several household and outdoor products; therefore, human exposure is unavoidable. In this review, we summarized the potential mechanisms of FRs-associated immune and inflammatory signaling and their possible contribution to the development and progression of NAFLD, with an emphasis on FRs-mediated interferon signaling. Knowledge gaps are identified, and emerging pharmacotherapeutic molecules targeting the immune and inflammatory signaling for NAFLD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chander K. Negi
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.B.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Sabbir Khan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Environmental Health, Section for Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Lola Bajard
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Luděk Bláha
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.B.); (L.B.)
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13
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Saquib Q, Siddiqui M, Al-Khedhairy A. Organophosphorus flame-retardant tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate is genotoxic and apoptotic inducer in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:861-873. [PMID: 33641188 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCPP) is a chlorinated organophosphorus flame retardant (OPFR) widely used in consumer goods after the phaseout of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). TCPP can percolate into the indoor and outdoor dusts, leading to its detection in the human body fluids (urine, breast milk) and placenta. However, TCPP has not been studied so far for its toxicity in the human vascular system. Hence, we have used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and exposed them to TCPP ranging from low to high (5-400 μM) concentrations for 24 h. Cytotoxicity analysis by MTT and NRU assays exhibited 15.27% and 20.56%, 21.67%, and 48.67% survival decline of cells only at 200 and 400 μM. Comet assay data showed DNA damage from 50 to 400 μM with Olive tail moment (OTM) values between 1.03 and 35.59, respectively. TCPP-exposed HUVECs exhibited 1.09 and 1.39-fold greater intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) at 25 and 400 μM, indicating oxidative stress. HUVEC mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) measurements showed 1.16 and 1.48-fold higher fluorescence of Rh123 dye at 25 and 400 μM, confirming mitochondrial dysfunction. Flow cytometric data demonstrated 5.1%-58.8% cells in SubG1 apoptotic phase at 5 and 400 μM TCPP. Our novel data revealed that TCPP is a genotoxic and apoptotic inducer, which may trigger alike responses in human vascular system. Overall, detailed in vivo studies are warranted on the transcriptional and translations effects of TCPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood Siddiqui
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Khedhairy
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Saquib Q, Siddiqui MA, Ansari SM, Alwathnani HA, Al-Khedhairy AA. Carbofuran cytotoxicity, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and cell death in human umbilical vein endothelial cells: Evidence of vascular toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:847-860. [PMID: 33629750 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbofuran is a broad-spectrum carbamate insecticide, which principally inhibits the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme in the nervous system. Nonetheless, their selective action is not restricted to a single species and expanded to humans. No studies are available on the toxicological effects of carbofuran in the endothelial cells (ECs), which first confronts the toxicants in blood vessels. Hence, we have exposed the human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) with carbofuran for 24 h, which significantly reduced the cell survival to 25.16% and 33.48% at 500 and 1,000 μM analyzed by MTT assay. In the neutral red uptake (NRU) assay, 16.68%, 30.99%, and 58.11% survival decline was found at 250, 500, and 1,000 μM of carbofuran. HUVECs exposed to carbofuran showed significant increase in the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), indicating oxidative stress at low concentrations. In parallel, HUVECs showed hyperpolarization effects in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) upon carbofuran exposure. Carbofuran induced DNA damage in HUVECs measured as 8.80, 11.82, 35.56, and 79.69 Olive tail moment (OTM) in 100-, 250-, 500-, and 1,000-μM exposure groups. Flow cytometric analysis showed apoptotic peak (SubG1) and G2M arrest in the HUVECs exposed to carbofuran. Overall, our novel data confirm that carbofuran is toxic for the EC cells, especially at the higher concentrations, which may affect the vascular functions and possibly angiogenesis. Hence, carbofuran should be applied judiciously, and detailed vascular studies are warranted to gain an in-depth information focusing the transcriptomic and translation changes employing suitable in vivo and in vitro test models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood A Siddiqui
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabiha M Ansari
- Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hend A Alwathnani
- Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Saquib Q, Siddiqui MA, Ansari SM, Alwathnani HA, Musarrat J, Al-Khedhairy AA. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of methomyl, carbaryl, metalaxyl, and pendimethalin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:832-846. [PMID: 33427323 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides have adverse effects on the cellular functionality, which may trigger myriad of health consequences. However, pesticides-mediated toxicity in the endothelial cells (ECs) is still elusive. Hence, in this study, we have used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as a model to quantify the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of four pesticides (methomyl, carbaryl, metalaxyl, and pendimethalin). In the MTT assay, HUVECs exposed to methomyl, carbaryl, metalaxyl, and pendimethalin demonstrated significant proliferation inhibition only at higher concentrations (500 and 1000 μM). Likewise, neutral red uptake (NRU) assay also showed proliferation inhibition of HUVECs at 500 and 1000 μM by the four pesticides, confirming lysosomal fragility. HUVECs exposed to the four pesticides significantly increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Comet assay and flow cytometric data exhibited DNA damage and apoptotic cell death in HUVECs after 24 h of exposure with methomyl, metalaxyl, carbaryl, and pendimethalin. This is a first study on HUVECs signifying the cytotoxic-genotoxic and apoptotic potential of carbamate insecticides (methomyl and carbaryl), fungicide (metalaxyl), and herbicide (pendimethalin). Overall, these pesticides may affect ECs functions and angiogenesis; nonetheless, mechanistic studies are warranted from the perspective of vascular biology using in vivo test models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaiser Saquib
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood A Siddiqui
- DNA Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabiha M Ansari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hend A Alwathnani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Musarrat
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Tris(2-chloroethyl) Phosphate (TCEP) Elicits Hepatotoxicity by Activating Human Cancer Pathway Genes in HepG2 Cells. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8040109. [PMID: 33233533 PMCID: PMC7712049 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is one of the organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) used in consumer commodities and have been detected in human body fluids. Research on TCEP-induced transcriptomic alterations and toxicological consequences in liver cells is still lacking. Herein, human hepatocellular (HepG2) cells were treated with 100, 200, and 400 μM TCEP for 3 days to quantify hepatotoxicity by MTT, NRU, and comet assays. Apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), oxidative stress, and Ca2+ influx were measured by flow cytometry. A qPCR array was employed for transcriptomic analysis. MTT and NRU data showed 70.92% and 75.57% reduction in cell survival at 400 μM. In addition, 20-fold greater DNA damage was recorded at 400 μM. Cell cycle data showed 65.96% subG1 apoptotic peak in 400 μM treated cells. An elevated level of oxidative stress, esterase, Ca2+ influx, and ΔΨm dysfunction were recorded in TCEP-treated cells. Out of 84 genes, the qPCR array showed upregulation of 17 genes and downregulation of 10 key genes belonging to human cancer pathways. Our study endorses the fact that TCEP possesses hepatotoxic potential at higher concentrations and prolonged exposure. Hence, TCEP may act as a cancer-inducing entity by provoking the gene network of human cancer pathways.
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17
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Ramesh M, Angitha S, Haritha S, Poopal RK, Ren Z, Umamaheswari S. Organophosphorus flame retardant induced hepatotoxicity and brain AChE inhibition on zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurotoxicol Teratol 2020; 82:106919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Saquib Q, Ahmed S, Ahmad MS, Al-Rehaily AJ, Siddiqui MA, Faisal M, Ahmad J, Alsaleh AN, Alatar AA, Al-Khedhairy AA. Anticancer efficacies of persicogenin and homoeriodictyol isolated from Rhus retinorrhoea. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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19
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Saquib Q, Xia P, Siddiqui MA, Zhang J, Xie Y, Faisal M, Ansari SM, Alwathnani HA, Alatar AA, Al-Khedhairy AA, Zhang X. High-throughput transcriptomics: An insight on the pathways affected in HepG2 cells exposed to nickel oxide nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125488. [PMID: 31812053 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) have been used in several consumer goods, reported to demonstrate the hepatotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo test models. Nonetheless the molecular mechanism of hepatotoxicity is still missing. Hence, a toxicogenomic approach integrating microscopic techniques and high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was applied to reveal hepatotoxicity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). NiO-NPs induced a concentration dependent (5-100 μg/ml) cytotoxicity, with a No observed effect level (NOEL) of 5 μg/ml. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α) and miR-210 microRNA were upregulated at 25 and 100 μg/ml, while significant alteration on transcriptome at mRNA and pathway level was observed at non-toxic level of NiO-NPs treatment. The treated cells also showed activation of glycolysis, glutathione, lysosomes and autophagy pathways by a pathway-driven analysis. Flow cytometric analysis affirmed the elevation in nitric oxide (NO), Ca++ influx, esterase, and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Cell cycle dysregulation was affirmed by the appearance of 30.5% subG1 apoptotic peak in NiO-NPs (100 μg/ml) treated cells. The molecular responses were consistent with the microscopic observation that NiO-NPs induced subcellular alterations in HepG2 cells. We conclude that hypoxia stress played a pivotal role in NiO-NPs induced hepatoxicity in HepG2 cells. Concentration dependent effects on transcriptomics specify a powerful tool to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of nanoparticle induced cytotoxicity. Overall our study unequivocally affirmed the transcriptomic alterations in human cells, consequently the prevalent usage of NiO-NPs should be given subtle consideration owing to its effects on biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; A.R. Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Maqsood A Siddiqui
- A.R. Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Junjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yuwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabiha M Ansari
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hend A Alwathnani
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alatar
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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20
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Xia P, Zhang H, Peng Y, Shi W, Zhang X. Pathway-based assessment of single chemicals and mixtures by a high-throughput transcriptomics approach. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 136:105455. [PMID: 31945694 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing number of chemicals and complex mixtures demands a high-throughput and cost-effective approach for chemical safety assessment. High-throughput transcriptomics (HTT) is promising in investigating genome-scale perturbation of chemical exposure in concentration-dependent manner. However, the application of HTT has been limited due to lack of methodology for single chemicals and mixture assessment. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of a newly-developed human reduced transcriptomics (RHT) approach to assess pathway-based profiles of single chemicals, and to develop a biological pathway-based approach for benchmarking mixture potency using single chemical-based prediction model. First, concentration-dependent RHT were used to qualitatively and quantitatively differentiate pathway-based patterns of different chemicals, using three model toxicants, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), triclosan (TCS) and 5-Chloro-6-hydroxy-2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (5-Cl-6-OH-BDE-47). AHR-regulated genes and pathways were most sensitively induced by TCDD, while TCS and 5-Cl-6-OH-BDE-47 were much less potent in AHR-associated activation, which was concordant with known MoA of each single chemical. Second, two artificial mixtures and their components of twelve individual chemicals were performed with concentration-dependent RHT. Concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models were used to predict transcriptional potency of mixtures from transcriptomics of individual chemicals. For overall bioactivity, CA and IA models can both predict potency of observed responses within 95% confidence interval. For specific biological processes, multiple biological processes such as hormone signaling and DNA damage can be predicted using CA models for mixtures. The concentration-dependent RHT can provide a powerful approach for qualitative and quantitative assessment of biological pathway perturbated by environment chemical and mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hanxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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21
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Guo M, Gu Y, Fan X. Chlorinated phosphorus flame retardants exert oxidative damage to SMMC-7721 human hepatocarcinoma cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135777. [PMID: 31972937 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated phosphorus flame retardants are organic pollutants widely distributed in the environment. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the toxicity mechanism of chlorinated phosphorus flame retardants at the molecular level. Tris (1, 3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCPP), tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) were used as typical representatives of chlorinated phosphorus flame retardants to evaluate their cytotoxicity as well as changes in the expression of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), which will be meaningful for an in-depth study of the toxicity mechanism of TDCPP, TCPP and TCEP. The results showed that the three chemicals reduced cell viability over a period of 24 h. The exposure increased extracellular levels of lactate dehydrogenase and decreased intracellular levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase in a concentration-dependent manner. Expression of the SOD and CAT genes were down-regulated indicating that the SMMC-7721 human hepatocarcinoma cells may experience oxidative damage as a result of exposure to the three chemicals. The expression of the Bax apoptosis protein was up-regulated and the Bcl-2 apoptosis protein was down-regulated, suggesting that the three chemicals may cause functional defects, damage the cell structure and promote apoptosis. The results from this study should provide the basis for a detailed investigation of the ecological toxicity of chlorinated phosphorus flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- School of Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Yi Gu
- School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Xiaoyue Fan
- School of Landscape Architecture School of Tourism and Health, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
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22
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Al-Salem AM, Saquib Q, Siddiqui MA, Ahmad J, Wahab R, Al-Khedhairy AA. Organophosphorus flame retardant (tricresyl phosphate) trigger apoptosis in HepG2 cells: Transcriptomic evidence on activation of human cancer pathways. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124519. [PMID: 31549646 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is one of the organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) used as plasticizer in consumer products and mixed as a lubricant in commercial jet engine oil, reportedly induce neurotoxicity and aerodynamic syndrome. No studies have been attempted so far on TCP to induce hepatotoxicity in human cells. This study for the first time confirms the hepatotoxic potential and activation of cancer pathways in TCP treated human hepatocellular cells (HepG2). MTT and NRU data showed 39.3% and 49.85% decline in HepG2 survival when exposed to the highest concentration of TCP (400 μM) for 3 days. Comet assay showed 27.1-fold greater DNA damage in cells treated with TCP (400 μM). Flow cytometric analysis revealed an upsurge in the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production in cells, affirming oxidative stress. TCP (400 μM) exposure resulted in 27% reduction in Rh123 fluorescence, indicating dysfunction of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Cell cycle analysis exhibited 62.53% cells in the subG1 apoptotic phase after TCP (400 μM) treatment, also a massive increase in Ca2+ influx validate the on-set of apoptosis in cells. Immunofluorescence of TCP exposed cells showed activation of p53, caspase3, caspase9 reaffirming the involvement of mitochondrial-dependent intrinsic apoptotic signaling. qPCR array of 84 genes unravel the transcriptomic alterations in HepG2 cells after TCP treatment. mRNA transcripts of ATP5A1, GADD45A, IGFBP5, SOD1, STMN1 genes were prominently upregulated providing candid evidence on TCP mediated activation of human cancer pathways to orchestrate the apoptotic death of HepG2 cells, specifying hepatotoxic potential of TCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Al-Salem
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maqsood A Siddiqui
- A.R. Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Ahmad
- A.R. Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Wahab
- A.R. Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Zhao Y, Tang X, Quigg A, Lv M, Zhao Y. The toxic mechanisms of BDE-47 to the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana-a study based on multiple physiological processes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 212:20-27. [PMID: 31039523 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a series of highly persistent organic pollutants (POPs), are ubiquitous in marine ecosystems. As key primary producers, microalgae are of great importance on evaluating the environmental outcome of PBDEs pollution. In this study, the toxic mechanisms of BDE-47 on the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana were evaluated by measuring multiple physiological processes. Three concentrations of BDE-47 (25, 15 and 5 μg L-1) were used along with two controls (blank: no BDE-47 or DMSO; negative control: only DMSO). Experiments lasted 144 h (6 days), in which the actual BDE-47 concentrations, cell densities, nutrient (nitrate and phosphate) uptake, pigment compositions, photosynthetic physiology, cell morphology and cellular contents (organic carbon and nitrogen) were measured at 12-48 h intervals. The toxic mechanisms of BDE-47 on T. pseudonana cells were evaluated by measuring multiple physiological processes including photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, cellular material synthesis and cell cycle progressions. The cell divisions of T. pseudonana were severely inhibited by the stress of BDE-47, but the photosynthetic parameters were much less declined and recovered earlier than the cell divisions in the same BDE-47 treatments. The unsuppressed uptake rates of nutrients, increased cell volume and cellular contents indicated the cellular material synthesis proceeded normally. Finally, we found that the cell cycle was arrested in G2/M phase under the stress of BDE-47, we thus concluded that the inhibition of cell divisions by BDE-47 was not due to the lack of energy or cellular materials, where the cell cycle arrest happened; this might be the most important toxicological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Antonietta Quigg
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University, Galveston, Texas, 77553, USA; Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Mengchen Lv
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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24
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Wang C, Yang L, Hu Y, Zhu J, Xia R, Yu Y, Shen J, Zhang Z, Wang SL. Isoliquiritigenin as an antioxidant phytochemical ameliorates the developmental anomalies of zebrafish induced by 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:390-398. [PMID: 30802654 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47) is the most abundant PBDE congeners in biological samples. It has strong tendencies to bioaccumulate and potentially endangers development of mammals through oxidative stress. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), an emerging natural chalcone-type flavonoid, possesses various biological and pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and estrogenic activities. The purpose of the study is to explore the antioxidant effect of ISL on the amelioration of developmental anomalies induced by BDE47. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to BDE47 (1 and 10 μM) and/or ISL (4 μM) for 4 to 120 hours post fertilization (hpf), and the morphology, development, behavior, oxidative stress status and related genes expression were assessed. The results showed that BDE47 contributed to dose-dependent growth retardation and deformities, including delayed hatching, spinal curvature, reduced body length, increased death rate, aberrant behaviors and impaired dark-adapted vision, which were significantly mitigated by ISL. Besides, ISL ameliorated excessive ROS accumulation, and exaggerated the expressions of apoptosis-related genes p53, Bcl-2, caspase 3 and caspase 9 induced by BDE47, suggesting that ISL protected zebrafish from the developmental toxicity of BDE47 by inactivation of programmed apoptosis and activation of antioxidant signaling pathways. Taken together, developing ISL as a dietary supplement might be a promising preventive strategy for the amelioration of developmental toxicity induced by environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Yuhuan Hu
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Jiansheng Zhu
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Rong Xia
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Yongquan Yu
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Jiemiao Shen
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Shou-Lin Wang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China.
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25
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Chen M, Li X, Shi Q, Zhang Z, Xu S. Hydrogen sulfide exposure triggers chicken trachea inflammatory injury through oxidative stress-mediated FOS/IL8 signaling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 368:243-254. [PMID: 30684762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is well known to cause irritation and damage to airway following inhalation, but the mechanism by which H2S contributes to airway toxicity is unclear. In order to assess the respiratory toxicity of H2S inhalation in chicken trachea, we investigated the change of oxidative stress parameters, tracheal tissue structure and transcriptome profiles of chicken trachea exposed to H2S for 42 days. The results showed H2S exposure induced oxidative stress and inflammation in trachea. The ultrastructural analysis revealed loss of cilia and accumulation of mucus in tracheal epithelium. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis indicated 454 genes were significantly changed, including 136 genes upregulated and 318 genes downregulated. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis showed many genes involved in response to oxidative stress, inflammatory and immune response, which might contribute to H2S-induced tracheal inflammatory injury. Among those genes, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) treatment blocked the H2S-triggered expression of FOS and IL8. Silencing FOS by siRNA inhibited H2S-induced expression of IL8. Taken together, we concluded that H2S induced oxidative stress leads to tracheal inflammation through FOS/IL8 signaling, leading to excessive mucus secretion and absence of cilia. These results provide new insights for unveiling the biological effects of H2S in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Qunxiang Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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26
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Krivoshiev BV, Beemster GTS, Sprangers K, Cuypers B, Laukens K, Blust R, Husson SJ. Transcriptome profiling of HepG2 cells exposed to the flame retardant 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO). Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:492-502. [PMID: 30090599 PMCID: PMC6060682 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The flame retardant, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO), has been receiving great interest given its superior fire protection properties, and its predicted low level of persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. However, empirical toxicological data that are essential for a complete hazard assessment are severely lacking. In this study, we attempted to identify the potential toxicological modes of action by transcriptome (RNA-seq) profiling of the human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2. Such insight may help in identifying compounds of concern and potential toxicological phenotypes. DOPO was found to have little cytotoxic potential, with lower effective concentrations compared to other flame retardants studied in the same cell line. Differentially expressed genes revealed a wide range of molecular effects including changes in protein, energy, DNA, and lipid metabolism, along with changes in cellular stress response pathways. In response to 250 μM DOPO, the most perturbed biological processes were fatty acid metabolism, androgen metabolism, glucose transport, and renal function and development, which is in agreement with other studies that observed similar effects of other flame retardants in other species. However, treatment with 2.5 μM DOPO resulted in very few differentially expressed genes and failed to indicate any potential effects on biology, despite such concentrations likely being orders of magnitude greater than would be encountered in the environment. This, together with the low levels of cytotoxicity, supports the potential replacement of the current flame retardants by DOPO, although further studies are needed to establish the nephrotoxicity and endocrine disruption of DOPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris V Krivoshiev
- Department of Biology , Systemic Physiological & Ecotoxicological Research , University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium .
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Department of Biology , Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research , University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Katrien Sprangers
- Department of Biology , Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research , University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Bart Cuypers
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science , Advanced Database Research and Modelling (ADReM) , University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , Unit of Molecular Parasitology , Institute of Tropical Medicine , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Kris Laukens
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science , Advanced Database Research and Modelling (ADReM) , University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Department of Biology , Systemic Physiological & Ecotoxicological Research , University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium .
| | - Steven J Husson
- Department of Biology , Systemic Physiological & Ecotoxicological Research , University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium .
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27
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Saquib Q, Siddiqui MA, Ahmad J, Ansari SM, Al-Wathnani HA, Rensing C. 6-OHBDE-47 induces transcriptomic alterations of CYP1A1, XRCC2, HSPA1A, EGR1 genes and trigger apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Toxicology 2018; 400-401:40-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Tang S, Liu H, Yin H, Liu X, Peng H, Lu G, Dang Z, He C. Effect of 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and its metabolites on cell viability, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of HepG2. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:978-988. [PMID: 29874774 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), an extensively used brominated flame retardant (BFR), is frequently detected in biotic environments. To date, studies have reported that BDE-47 induces hepatotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and neurotoxicity in vitro. However, little is known regarding BDE-47 metabolites-mediated cell toxicity in relevant human cell models. The cytotoxic effects of BDE-47 and its eight metabolites on hepatoblastoma cell line-HepG2 cells were investigated in this study. We found that BDE-47 and all its metabolites inhibited cell viability in both a dose- and time-dependent manner. For BDE-47 and its debromination products (BDE-28 and BDE-7), they had less severe effects on cell viability when the cells were pretreated with lower dose of the same compound, however, no significant difference was observed in control, suggesting that low concentrations have an adaptation effect on HepG2 cells. BDE-47 and its metabolites also induce changes in ROS generation, SOD and GSH activity, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage and cell apoptosis, indicating that the toxicity mechanisms of BDE-47 and its degradation products are mediated by oxidative stress, DNA damage and cell cycle dysregulation. Moreover, brominated phenol products (2,4-DBP and 4-BP) posed the highest toxic effects on HepG2, followed by hydroxylated products (6-OH-BDE-47, 5-OH-BDE-47, 2-OH-BDE-28, and 4-OH-BDE-17), and BDE-47 and its debromination products were comparatively less toxic to HepG2 cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate the hepatotoxic potential of BDE-47 and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS), Formerly National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (ENTOX), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xintong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Guining Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Chang He
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS), Formerly National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (ENTOX), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Wei J, Xiang L, Yuan Z, Li S, Yang C, Liu H, Jiang Y, Cai Z. Metabolic profiling on the effect of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in MCF-7 cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 192:297-304. [PMID: 29117588 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are commonly used to prevent the development of fire in various factory products. Due to the adverse effects on human health and the bio-accumulation capacity, PBDEs are considered as one kind of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). BDE-47 is one of the most frequently detected PBDEs congeners in human samples. Although numerous studies have shown the close connection between BDE-47 and human health, few reports were related to breast carcinoma. In the present study, the toxicity mechanism of BDE-47 was investigated by using MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Metabolomics analysis was conducted by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). Results showed that the toxicity to MCF-7 cells gradually increased when the concentration of BDE-47 exceeded 1 μM in the medium with 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS). It was found that pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) were the most influenced metabolic pathways, and the metabolites in the three metabolic pathways were significantly downregulated. Moreover, the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by using the 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining method. The obtained results suggested that the BDE-47 induced oxidative stress by downregulating the NADPH generation in PPP. The pyrimidine metabolism and purine metabolism might be downregulated by the downregulation of mRNA transcripts. Therefore, BDE-47 could induce oxidative stress by inhibiting PPP and disorder the metabolism of the entire cell subsequently. This research provided evidence for investigating mechanism of the adverse effect of BDE-47 on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Zigao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shangfu Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Troxerutin Reduces Kidney Damage against BDE-47-Induced Apoptosis via Inhibiting NOX2 Activity and Increasing Nrf2 Activity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6034692. [PMID: 29163754 PMCID: PMC5661100 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6034692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
2,2,4,4-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), one of the persistent organic pollutants, seriously influences the quality of life; however, its pathological mechanism remains unclear. Troxerutin is a flavonoid with pharmacological activity of antioxidation and anti-inflammation. In the present study, we investigated troxerutin against BDE-47-induced kidney cell apoptosis and explored the underlying mechanism. The results show that troxerutin reduced renal cell apoptosis and urinary protein secretion in BDE-47-treated mice. Western blot analysis shows that troxerutin supplement enhanced the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax; inhibited the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, the activation of procaspase-9 and procaspase-3, and the cleavage of PARP; and reduced FAS, FASL, and caspase-8 levels induced by BDE-47. In addition, troxerutin decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased the activities of antioxidative enzymes. Furthermore, troxerutin blunted Nrf2 ubiquitylation, enhanced the activity of Nrf2, decreased the activity of NOX2, and ameliorated kidney oxidant status of BDE-47-treated mice. Together, these results confirm that troxerutin could alleviate the cytotoxicity of BDE-47 through antioxidation and antiapoptosis, which suggests that its protective mechanism is involved in the inhibition of apoptosis via suppressing NOX2 activity and increasing Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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31
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Comet assay: an essential tool in toxicological research. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2315-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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