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Zhao B, Yang G, Xie Z, Zhang N, Xia J, Liu X, Wang D, Wang P, Tang L. Efficient degradation of venlafaxine using intimately coupled high-active crystal facets exposed TiO 2 and biodegradation system: Kinetic studies, biofilm stress behavior and transformation mechanism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 360:121159. [PMID: 38759549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Intimately coupled photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) system is a potential wastewater treatment technology, of which TiO2-based ICPB system has been widely studied. There are many ways to improve the degradation efficiency of the ICPB process, but no crystal facet engineering method has been reported yet. In this work, a new ICPB system coated with NaF-TiO2 exposing high energy facets was designed to degrade biorecalcitrant psychotropic drug - venlafaxine (VNF). Initially, the TiO2 crystal surface was modified with NaF, resulting in the formation of NaF-TiO2 with a 14.4% increase in the exposure ratio of (001). The contribution rate of ·OH was increased by 9.5%, and the contribution rate of h+ was increased by 33.2%. Next, NaF-TiO2 was loaded onto the surface of the sponge carrier, and then the ICPB system was constructed after about 15 days of biofilm formation. After the ICPB system was acclimated with VNF, the removal rate of COD decreased significantly (the lowest was 62.7%), but that of ammonia nitrogen remained at 50.5 ± 6.0% and the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion increased by 84.1 mg/g VSS. According to the high throughput results, at the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi together maintain the nitrogen removal capability and structural stability of the ICPB system. The relative abundance of Bacteroidota was significantly increased by 14.2%, suggesting that there may be some correlation between Bacteroidota and certain metabolites of the anti-depressant active ingredients. At the genus level, the Thauera (3.1%∼11.5%) is the major bacterial group that secretes EPS, protecting biofilm against external influences. Most of the changes in microorganisms are consistent with the decontamination properties and macroscopic appearance of EPS in the ICPB system. Finally, the degradation efficiency of ICPB system for VNF was investigated (92.7 ± 3.8%) and it was mostly through hydroxylation and demethylation pathways, with more small molecular products detected, providing the basis for biological assimilation of VNF. Collectively, the NaF-TiO2 based ICPB system would be lucrative for the future degradation of venlafaxine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Guojing Yang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Zhouyun Xie
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Ni Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Jingfen Xia
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China.
| | - Xuran Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Peier Wang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Li Tang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
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2
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Barros de Souza A, Ali I, van de Goor T, Dewil R, Cabooter D. Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry to investigate the photoelectrochemical degradation of environmentally relevant pharmaceuticals and their degradation products in water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:120023. [PMID: 38181683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The widespread presence of organic micropollutants in the environment reflects the inability of traditional wastewater treatment plants to remove them. In this context, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have emerged as promising quaternary wastewater treatment technologies since they efficiently degrade recalcitrant components by generating highly reactive free radicals. Nonetheless, the chemical characterization of potentially harmful byproducts is essential to avoid the contamination of natural water bodies with hazardous substances. Given the complexity of wastewater matrices, the implementation of comprehensive analytical methodologies is required. In this work, the simultaneous photoelectrochemical degradation of seven environmentally relevant pharmaceuticals and one metabolite from the EU Watch List 2020/1161 was examined in ultrapure water and simulated wastewater, achieving excellent removal efficiencies (overall >95%) after 180 min treatment. The reactor unit was linked to an online LC sample manager, allowing for automated sampling every 15 min and near real-time process monitoring. Online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was subsequently used to tentatively identify degradation products after photoelectrochemical degradation. Two reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) columns were used: an SB-C18 column operated with 5 mM ammonium formate at pH 5.8 (1A) and methanol (1B) as the mobile phases in the first dimension and an SB-Aq column using acidified water at pH 3.1 (2A) and acetonitrile (2B) as the mobile phases in the second dimension. This resulted in a five-fold increase in peak capacity compared to one-dimensional LC while maintaining the same total analysis time of 50 min. The LC x LC method allowed the tentative identification of 12 venlafaxine, 7 trimethoprim and 10 ciprofloxacin intermediates. Subsequent toxicity predictions suggested that some of these byproducts were potentially harmful. This study presents an effective hybrid technology for the simultaneous removal of pharmaceuticals from contaminated wastewater matrices and demonstrates how multidimensional liquid chromatography techniques can be applied to better understand the degradation mechanisms after the treatment of micropollutants with AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allisson Barros de Souza
- Agilent Technologies Deutschland, Hewlett-Packard-Strasse 8, 76337, Waldbronn, Germany; KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Izba Ali
- InOpSys - Mobiele Waterzuivering voor Chemie en Farma, Maanstraat 9b, 2800, Mechelen, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, J. De Nayerlaan 5, 2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Tom van de Goor
- Agilent Technologies Deutschland, Hewlett-Packard-Strasse 8, 76337, Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Raf Dewil
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, J. De Nayerlaan 5, 2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium; University of Oxford, Department of Engineering Science, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Deirdre Cabooter
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Voigt M, Dluziak JM, Wellen N, Langerbein V, Jaeger M. Comparison of photoinduced and electrochemically induced degradation of venlafaxine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:13442-13454. [PMID: 38252206 PMCID: PMC10881652 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The European Union requires environmental monitoring of the antidepressant drug venlafaxine. Advanced oxidation processes provide a remedy against the spread of micropollutants. In this study, the photoinduced and electrochemical decompositions of venlafaxine were investigated in terms of mechanism and efficacy using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution multifragmentation mass spectrometry. Kinetic analysis, structure elucidation, matrix variation, and radical scavenging indicated the dominance of a hydroxyl-mediated indirect mechanism during photodegradation and hydroxyl and direct electrochemical oxidation for electrochemical degradation. Oxidants, sulfate, and chloride ions acted as accelerants, which reduced venlafaxine half-lives from 62 to 25 min. Humic acid decelerated degradation during ultra-violet irradiation up to 50%, but accelerated during electrochemical oxidation up to 56%. In silico quantitative structure activity relationship analysis predicted decreased environmental hazard after advanced oxidation process treatment. In general, photoirradiation proved more efficient due to faster decomposition and slightly less toxic transformation products. Yet, matrix effects would have to be carefully evaluated when potential applications as a fourth purification stage were to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Voigt
- Department of Chemistry and ILOC, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Frankenring 20, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Jean-Michel Dluziak
- Department of Chemistry and ILOC, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Frankenring 20, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Nils Wellen
- Department of Chemistry and ILOC, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Frankenring 20, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Victoria Langerbein
- Department of Chemistry and ILOC, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Frankenring 20, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Chemistry and ILOC, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Frankenring 20, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany.
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4
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Castaño-Ortiz JM, Gil-Solsona R, Ospina-Álvarez N, Alcaraz-Hernández JD, Farré M, León VM, Barceló D, Santos LHMLM, Rodríguez-Mozaz S. Fate of pharmaceuticals in the Ebro River Delta region: The combined evaluation of water, sediment, plastic litter, and biomonitoring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167467. [PMID: 37778570 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The increasing consumption of pharmaceuticals, alongside their limited removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), have led to their ubiquitous occurrence in receiving aquatic environments. This study addresses the occurrence of 68 pharmaceuticals (PhACs) in the Ebro River Delta region (NE Spain), as well as their distribution in different environmental compartments, including surface water, sediments, biota (river biofilm and fish tissues), and field-collected plastic litter. In addition, their concentrations in serving WWTPs, as possible sources of environmental contamination, were also determined. Our study confirmed the widespread occurrence of PhACs in riverine and, to a more limited extent, coastal environments. Most frequently detected PhACs belonged to analgesics/anti-inflammatories (e.g., ibuprofen) and psychiatric drugs (e.g., venlafaxine) therapeutic groups, followed by antihypertensives (e.g., valsartan) and antibiotics (e.g., azithromycin). Seasonal differences in cumulative levels of PhACs were reported for water and sediments (winter>summer). Despite spatial gradients were not clear along the river, a non-negligible contribution of upstream Ebro sites (reference area) was highlighted, which was unexpected based on the low anthropogenic pressure. Sediments represented a minor attenuation pathway for the selected PhACs, whereas they were more heavily accumulated in biota: fish liver (up to 166 ng/g dw), river biofilms (up to 108 ng/g dw), fish plasma (up to 63 ng/mL), and fish muscle (up to 31 ng/g dw). These findings highlight the importance of biomonitoring in the characterization of polluted areas and prioritization of hazardous substances (e.g., psychiatric drugs) in aquatic systems, and a particular interest of fish plasma as non-destructive biomonitoring matrix. PhACs were also detected on plastic litter, demonstrating their role as environmental sinks for certain PhACs (e.g., analgesics/anti-inflammatories, psychiatric drugs). Overall, the widespread detection of PhACs in a variety of biotic and abiotic matrices from the lower Ebro River and Delta warns about their possible environmental implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Castaño-Ortiz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - R Gil-Solsona
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; IDAEA-CSIC, Department of Environmental Chemistry, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Ospina-Álvarez
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Atlantic International Research Centre (AIR Centre), 9700-702 Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | | | - M Farré
- IDAEA-CSIC, Department of Environmental Chemistry, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - V M León
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Varadero 1, San Pedro del Pinatar, 30740 Murcia, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; IDAEA-CSIC, Department of Environmental Chemistry, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L H M L M Santos
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - S Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
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5
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Reverbel S, Dévier MH, Dupraz V, Geneste E, Budzinski H. Assessment of the Presence of Transformation Products of Certain Pharmaceutical Products (Psychotropic Family) by Suspect and Non-Targeted HRMS Screening in Wastewater Treatment Plants. TOXICS 2023; 11:713. [PMID: 37624218 PMCID: PMC10457822 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are the final receptors of human emissions and are therefore contaminated by molecules, such as pharmaceuticals. After use, these compounds and their metabolites are discharged to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). During wastewater treatment, compounds may be eliminated or degraded into transformation products (TPs) or may be persistent. The aim of this study was to develop an analytical method based on high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for the identification of six psychotropic drugs that are widely consumed in France and present in WWTPs, as well as their potential associated metabolites and TPs. Four out of six psychotropic drugs and between twenty-five and thirty-seven potential TPs were detected in wastewater, although this was based on full scan data. TPs not reported in the literature and specific to the study sites and therefore to the wastewater treatment processes were tentatively identified. For the selected drugs, most known and present TPs were identified, such as desmethylvenlafaxine or norcitalopram. Moreover, the short fragmentation study led rather to the identification of several TPs of carbamazepine as ubiquitous persistent TPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solenne Reverbel
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Dévier
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Valentin Dupraz
- Régie de l’Eau Bordeaux Métropole, Direction de la Recherche, de l’Innovation et de la Transition Ecologique, F-33081 Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel Geneste
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC, F-33600 Pessac, France
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6
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Castaño-Ortiz JM, Gil-Solsona R, Ospina-Alvarez N, García-Pimentel MM, León VM, Santos LHMLM, Barceló D, Rodríguez-Mozaz S. Bioaccumulation and fate of pharmaceuticals in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon: Temporal variation and impact of a flash flood event. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115887. [PMID: 37054836 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to terrestrial inputs from human-impacted areas. The prevalence of wastewater treatment plants, unable to remove contaminants such as pharmaceuticals (PhACs), leads to their continuous input into the marine environment. In this paper, the seasonal occurrence of PhACs in a semi-confined coastal lagoon (the Mar Menor, south-eastern Spain) was studied during 2018 and 2019 by evaluating their presence in seawater and sediments, and their bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms. Temporal variation in the contamination levels was evaluated by comparison to a previous study carried out between 2010 and 2011 before the cessation of permanent discharges of treated wastewater into the lagoon. The impact of a flash flood event (September 2019) on PhACs pollution was also assessed. A total of seven compounds (out of 69 PhACs analysed) were found in seawater during 2018-2019, with a limited detection frequency (<33%) and concentrations (up to 11 ng/L of clarithromycin). Only carbamazepine was found in sediments (ND-1.2 ng/g dw), suggesting an improved environmental quality in comparison to 2010-2011 (when 24 and 13 compounds were detected in seawater and sediments, respectively). However, the biomonitoring of fish and molluscs showed a still remarkable accumulation of analgesic/anti-inflammatory drugs, lipid regulators, psychiatric drugs and β-blocking agents, albeit not higher than in 2010. The flash flood event from 2019 increased the prevalence of PhACs in the lagoon, compared to the 2018-2019 sampling campaigns, especially in the upper water layer. After the flash flood the antibiotics clarithromycin and sulfapyridine yielded the highest concentrations ever reported in the lagoon (297 and 145 ng/L, respectively), alongside azithromycin in 2011 (155 ng/L). Flash flood events associated with sewer overflows and soil mobilisation, which are expected to increase under climate change scenarios, should be considered when assessing the risks posed by pharmaceuticals to vulnerable aquatic ecosystems in the coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Castaño-Ortiz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - R Gil-Solsona
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) Severo Ochoa Excellence Centre, Department of Environmental Chemistry, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Ospina-Alvarez
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Atlantic International Research Centre (AIR Centre), 9700-702, Angra Do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - M M García-Pimentel
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/ Varadero 1, San Pedro Del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - V M León
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/ Varadero 1, San Pedro Del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - L H M L M Santos
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - D Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) Severo Ochoa Excellence Centre, Department of Environmental Chemistry, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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7
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Burzio C, Mohammadi AS, Malmberg P, Modin O, Persson F, Wilén BM. Chemical Imaging of Pharmaceuticals in Biofilms for Wastewater Treatment Using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7431-7441. [PMID: 37130040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment is a global water quality challenge for several reasons, such as deleterious effects on ecological and human health, antibiotic resistance development, and endocrine-disrupting effects on aquatic organisms. To optimize their removal from the water cycle, understanding the processes during biological wastewater treatment is crucial. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging was successfully applied to investigate and analyze the distribution of pharmaceuticals as well as endogenous molecules in the complex biological matrix of biofilms for wastewater treatment. Several compounds and their localization were identified in the biofilm section, including citalopram, ketoconazole, ketoconazole transformation products, and sertraline. The images revealed the pharmaceuticals gathered in distinct sites of the biofilm matrix. While citalopram penetrated the biofilm deeply, sertraline remained confined in its outer layer. Both pharmaceuticals seemed to mainly colocalize with phosphocholine lipids. Ketoconazole concentrated in small areas with high signal intensity. The approach outlined here presents a powerful strategy for visualizing the chemical composition of biofilms for wastewater treatment and demonstrates its promising utility for elucidating the mechanisms behind pharmaceutical and antimicrobial removal in biological wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Burzio
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amir Saeid Mohammadi
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Malmberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Deng J, Cai A, Ling X, Sun Q, Zhu T, Li Q, Li X, Chen W. Comparison of UV and UV-LED activated sodium percarbonate for the degradation of O-desmethylvenlafaxine. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 126:656-667. [PMID: 36503791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As an active metabolite of venlafaxine and emerging antidepressant, O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODVEN) was widely detected in different water bodies, which caused potential harm to human health and environmental safety. In this study, the comparative work on the ODVEN degradation by UV (254 nm) and UV-LED (275 nm) activated sodium percarbonate (SPC) systems was systematically performed. The higher removal rate of ODVEN can be achieved under UV-LED direct photolysis (14.99%) than UV direct photolysis (4.57%) due to the higher values of photolysis coefficient at the wavelength 275 nm. Significant synergistic effects were observed in the UV/SPC (80.38%) and UV-LED/SPC (53.57%) systems and the former exhibited better performance for the elimination of ODVEN. The degradation of ODVEN all followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics well in these processes, and the pseudo-first-order rate constant (kobs) increased with increasing SPC concentration. Radicals quenching experiments demonstrated that both ·OH and CO3·- were involved in the degradation of ODVEN and the second-order rate constant of ODVEN with CO3·- (1.58 × 108 (mol/L)-1 sec-1) was reported for the first time based on competitive kinetic method. The introduction of HA, Cl-, NO3- and HCO3- inhibited the ODVEN degradation to varying degrees in the both processes. According to quantum chemical calculation, radical addition at the ortho-position of the phenolic hydroxyl group was confirmed to be the main reaction pathways for the oxidation of ODVEN by ·OH. In addition, the oxidation of ODVEN may involve the demethylation, H-abstraction, OH-addition and C-N bond cleavage. Eventually, the UV-LED/SPC process was considered to be more cost-effective compared to the UV/SPC process, although the UV/SPC process possessed a higher removal rate of ODVEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Deng
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Anhong Cai
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Xiao Ling
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Affilicated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Tianxin Zhu
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Weizhu Chen
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Xiamen 361005, China.
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9
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Rodríguez-Serin H, Gamez-Jara A, De La Cruz-Noriega M, Rojas-Flores S, Rodriguez-Yupanqui M, Gallozzo Cardenas M, Cruz-Monzon J. Literature Review: Evaluation of Drug Removal Techniques in Municipal and Hospital Wastewater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013105. [PMID: 36293682 PMCID: PMC9602914 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
There are several techniques for the removal of pharmaceuticals (drugs) from wastewater; however, strengths and weaknesses have been observed in their elimination processes that limit their applicability. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the best techniques for the removal of pharmaceuticals from municipal and hospital wastewater. For this, a non-experimental, descriptive, qualitative-quantitative design was used, corresponding to a systematic review without meta-analysis. Based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 open-access articles were selected from the Scopus, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and ScienceDirect databases. The results showed that high concentrations of analgesics such as naproxen (1.37 mg/L) and antibiotics such as norfloxacin (0.561 mg/L) are frequently found in wastewater and that techniques such as reverse osmosis, ozonation, and activated sludge have the best removal efficiency, achieving values of 99%. It was concluded that reverse osmosis is one of the most efficient techniques for eliminating ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, and diclofenac from municipal wastewater, with removal rates ranging from 96 to 99.9%, while for hospital wastewater the activated sludge technique proved to be efficient, eliminating analgesics and antibiotics in the range of 41-99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Rodríguez-Serin
- Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13007, Peru
- Correspondence:
| | - Auria Gamez-Jara
- Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13007, Peru
| | | | | | - Magda Rodriguez-Yupanqui
- Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13007, Peru
| | | | - José Cruz-Monzon
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Av. Juan Pablo II, Trujillo 13011, Peru
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10
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Pan C, Zhu F, Wu M, Jiang L, Zhao X, Yang M. Degradation and toxicity of the antidepressant fluoxetine in an aqueous system by UV irradiation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132434. [PMID: 34606890 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluoxetine (FLU), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is commonly found in aquatic environments. Ultraviolet (UV) photolysis is widely used to remove certain pharmaceuticals from water and wastewater. The present study aimed to investigate the toxicity of FLU and its transformed products formed during UV photolysis by using zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) as a model. The degradation rates of FLU for five days were approximately 63.6% ± 2.14%, 84.6% ± 0.99%, and 97.5% ± 0.25% after 15, 30, and 60 min of UV irradiation, respectively. Furthermore, the degradation mechanism was explored using LC-MS measurements and density flooding theory (DFT) theoretical calculations. Comprehensive toxicity preassessment of FLU and its degradation products was carried out using the T.E.S.T. software. The effects of physiological and biochemical parameters and neuron- and apoptosis-related gene expression were examined in zebrafish embryos exposed to non-irradiated (0-min) and irradiated (15, 30- and 60-min) solutions from 4 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 120 hpf. The hatching time of zebrafish embryos exposed to the non-irradiated solution (0-min) and irradiated solution (60-min) was delayed, their heart rate at 48 and 72 hpf increased, and their body length at 120 hpf decreased. Significant differences were found between the non-irradiated (0-min) and UV-irradiated (15- or 30-min) groups. A dynamic response involving acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was also observed in the non-irradiated and UV-irradiated groups. During the UV treatment experiments, the expression levels of neuron-related and apoptosis-related genes were significantly reduced over time alongside the formation of FLU degradation products. Overall, this study provides new concepts to remove and assess the toxicity of emerging contaminants in aquatic environments and highlights the need to consider the formation and persistence of toxic transformation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Pan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Minghong Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Lihui Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Ming Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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11
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Insights into removal of antibiotics by selected microalgae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella sorokiniana, Dunaliella tertiolecta and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata). ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Luo J, Dai Y, Xu X, Liu Y, Yang S, He H, Sun C, Xian Q. Green and efficient synthesis of Co-MOF-based/g-C 3N 4 composite catalysts to activate peroxymonosulfate for degradation of the antidepressant venlafaxine. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 610:280-294. [PMID: 34922080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on single metal-organic framework (MOF) composite catalyst ZIF-67/g-C3N4 (ZG), the composite catalysts ZIF-67/MOF-74(Ni)/g-C3N4 (ZNG) and ZIF-67/MIL-100(Fe)/g-C3N4 (ZMG) with double MOFs were synthesized, used to effectively activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for degrade venlafaxine (VEN). Various characterization methods (XRD, FT-IR, Raman, SEM, EDS, TEM and TG) showed that ZIF-67 and g-C3N4; ZIF-67, MOF-74(Ni) and g-C3N4; as well as ZIF-67, MIL-100(Fe) and g-C3N4 successfully formed heterostructures. The series of catalytic degradation results showed that within 120 min, the degradation rate of VEN by ZMG achieved 100% and the mineralization rate reached 51.32%. The removal rate of VEN by ZNG was 91.38%, while that by ZG was only 27.75%. Free radical quenching tests and EPR further confirmed the production of OH and SO4-, which could be conducive to the degradation of VEN. The mechanism analysis of PMS activation confirmed that the interaction of Fe2+/Co3+ was stronger than that of Ni2+/Co3+, and it was an important driving force to significantly enhance the synergistic effect. Finally, Gauss theory calculation and HPLC-MS/MS were used to analyze the intermediate products of VEN. It was verified that the main chemical reactions in the degradation process of VEN were hydroxylation, dehydration, demethylation and tertiary amine substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yazi Liu
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, PR China
| | - Shaogui Yang
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, PR China
| | - Huan He
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, PR China
| | - Cheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
| | - Qiming Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
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13
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Dos Santos CR, Arcanjo GS, de Souza Santos LV, Koch K, Amaral MCS. Aquatic concentration and risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118049. [PMID: 34479163 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds are increasingly detected in raw and treated wastewater, surface water, and drinking water worldwide. These compounds can cause adverse effects to the ecosystem even at low concentrations and, to assess these impacts, toxicity tests are essential. However, the toxicity data are scarce for many PhACs, and when available, they are dispersed in the literature. The values of pharmaceuticals concentration in the environment and toxicity data are essential for measuring their environmental and human health risks. Thus this review verified the concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment and the toxicity related to them. The risk assessment was also carried out. Diclofenac, naproxen, erythromycin, roxithromycin, and 17β-estradiol presented a high environment risk and 17α-ethinylestradiol presented a high human health risk. This shows the potential of these pharmaceuticals to cause adverse effects to the ecosystem and humans and establishes the necessity of their removal through advanced technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gemima Santos Arcanjo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40210-630, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Department of Civil Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucilaine Valéria de Souza Santos
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais - Engineering School, Building 03, Rua Dom José Gaspar, 500 - Coração Eucarístico, 30.535-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Konrad Koch
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 385748, Garching, Germany
| | - Míriam Cristina Santos Amaral
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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14
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Nika MC, Aalizadeh R, Thomaidis NS. Non-target trend analysis for the identification of transformation products during ozonation experiments of citalopram and four of its biodegradation products. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126401. [PMID: 34182420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During ozonation in wastewater treatment plants, ozone reacts with emerging pollutants, which are partially removed through the secondary treatment, as long as, with their biotransformation products, triggering the formation of ozonation transformation products (TPs). Although the transformation of parent compounds (PCs) and their metabolites has been reported in the literature, the probable transformation of biotransformation products has not been investigated so far. This study evaluates the fate of citalopram (CTR) and four of its biotransformation products (DESCTR, CTRAM, CTRAC and CTROXO) during ozonation experiments. A Gaussian curve-based trend analysis was performed for the first time for the automated detection of TPs in ozone concentrations ranging from 0.06 to 12 mg/L. In total 46 ozonation TPs were detected; 7 TPs of CTR, 10 of DESCTR, 9 of CTRAM, 12 of CTRAC and 8 of CTROXO and were structurally elucidated based on their high resolution tandem mass spectra interpretation and tandem mass spectra similarity with the respective PC. Results have demonstrated that the examined compounds follow common transformation pathways in reaction with ozone and that common TPs were formed through the ozonation of different structurally-alike compounds. Moreover, the toxicity of the identified TPs was predicted with an in-house risk assessment program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Christina Nika
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Reza Aalizadeh
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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15
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Peters PE, Zitomer DH. Current and future approaches to wet weather flow management: A review. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:1179-1193. [PMID: 33393150 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sewers can become hydraulically overburdened during high-intensity precipitation resulting in untreated water entering receiving streams. Combined (CSOs) and sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) cause adverse public health and environmental impacts as well as management challenges for many wastewater utilities. This novel review presents information regarding wet weather flow regulation, impacts, and current management methods, and offers ideas for future approaches in the United States. Currently, storage followed by conventional municipal water reclamation facility treatment after precipitation events is often employed. Stand-alone alternative technologies include high-rate solids removal, rapid disinfection, filtration, and green infrastructure. However, most current stand-alone approaches do not address soluble BOD5 or emerging contaminants in stormwater and wastewater. As the needs for wet weather flow management change, future approaches should include a goal of zero overflows and achieve effluent quality as good as or better than conventional treatment. To help achieve zero overflows and complete treatment, the "peaker facility" concept is proposed. The peaker facility often remains idle but treats excess flow when needed. Considering the challenges of remaining idle for long periods, starting up quickly, and handling high flows, chemical oxidation may be an applicable peaker facility component. However, more research and development are needed to determine best practices. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Combined (CSO) and sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) pose both environmental and public health risks as untreated water is discharged into lakes and rivers during high-intensity rain events. Current stand-alone approaches for managing or treating CSOs focus on particulate BOD/COD and solids removal, and do not typically address soluble BOD or emerging contaminants in stormwater and wastewater (including pathogens). New wet weather policies and regulations encourage more holistic approaches by wastewater utilities, and future approaches should include a zero-overflow goal for all CSOs and SSOs. To help achieve zero overflows, the concept of the "peaker facility" is proposed. Chemical oxidation may be an applicable component of peaker facilities for its short detention time and ability to remove, oxidize, or inactive water impairment-causing contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E Peters
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Daniel H Zitomer
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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16
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Lv J, Ou C, Fu M, Xu Z. Characteristics and transformation pathways of venlafaxine degradation during disinfection processes using free chlorine and chlorine dioxide. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130147. [PMID: 33714880 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Venlafaxine, a representative antidepressant, has been detected frequently in aquatic environments. The treatment of venlafaxine by free chlorine (NaOCl) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) was investigated in this study. The effects of operational variables and the water matrix on venlafaxine degradation were evaluated. The transformation pathways of venlafaxine were also studied. The results indicated that venlafaxine was removed efficiently during disinfection processes, especially when reacted with ClO2. A higher dosage of disinfectant and mildly alkaline conditions (pH 9) enhanced the degradation of venlafaxine. The reactions were impacted when the tests were conducted in real water matrices, especially in secondary effluent. The presence of chloride and low concentrations of fulvic acid enhanced venlafaxine decomposition. The presence of Br- also accelerated the reaction between venlafaxine and NaOCl. However, NO2- inhibited venlafaxine removal in both disinfection processes. Six intermediates were identified during venlafaxine degradation by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the main reactions included dehydration and demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lv
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China.
| | - Changyuan Ou
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Mengya Fu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
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17
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Kózka B, Nałęcz-Jawecki G, Turło J, Giebułtowicz J. Application of Pleurotus ostreatus to efficient removal of selected antidepressants and immunosuppressant. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 273:111131. [PMID: 32777642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Disposed pharmaceuticals constitute a significant threat to the environment due to the high consumption of drugs and inefficient treatment of wastewater. In this paper, we first described the efficient removal of a series of antidepressants and immunosuppressant from a cultivation medium carried out by white-rot fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus. We determined the removal efficiency of pharmaceuticals and the activity of fungal ligninolytic enzymes over time, as well as the toxicity of pre- and post-cultivation medium to Spirostomum ambiguum. We showed that P. ostreatus can remove from the model medium most of the pharmaceuticals studied, including clomipramine, mianserin, paroxetine, sertraline, and mycophenolic acid. Pharmaceuticals containing phenolic or benzene moieties, likewise in the natural monolignols, were removed in a high efficiency within a short time. The activity of the fungal ligninolytic enzymes, laccase, and lignin peroxidase, in the cultivation medium, was three times higher in the presence of the pharmaceuticals, which justifies their contribution to the degradation. The post-cultivation medium showed lower toxicity than pre-cultivation medium and toxic units were 7- and 2-fold lower for the sublethal and lethal response, respectively. Over twenty metabolites we detected resulted mostly from oxygenation or demethylation of parent pharmaceuticals. The biological treatment we developed using P. ostreatus-based system should be convenient and effective in mycoremediation of environmental wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants including monolignol-like antidepressants and immunosuppressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kózka
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Mazovia, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Nałęcz-Jawecki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Mazovia, Poland.
| | - Jadwiga Turło
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Mazovia, Poland.
| | - Joanna Giebułtowicz
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Mazovia, Poland.
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18
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Zhi H, Kolpin DW, Klaper RD, Iwanowicz LR, Meppelink SM, LeFevre GH. Occurrence and Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Pharmaceuticals in a Temperate-Region Wastewater Effluent-Dominated Stream: Variable Inputs and Differential Attenuation Yield Evolving Complex Exposure Mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12967-12978. [PMID: 32960577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Effluent-dominated streams are becoming increasingly common in temperate regions and generate complex pharmaceutical mixture exposure conditions that may impact aquatic organisms via drug-drug interactions. Here, we quantified spatiotemporal pharmaceutical exposure concentrations and composition mixture dynamics during baseflow conditions at four sites in a temperate-region effluent-dominated stream (upstream, at, and progressively downstream from effluent discharge). Samples were analyzed monthly for 1 year for 109 pharmaceuticals/degradates using a comprehensive U.S. Geological Survey analytical method and biweekly for 2 years focused on 14 most common pharmaceuticals/degradates. We observed a strong chemical gradient with pharmaceuticals only sporadically detected upstream from the effluent. Seventy-four individual pharmaceuticals/degradates were detected, spanning 5 orders of magnitude from 0.28 to 13 500 ng/L, with 38 compounds detected in >50% of samples. "Biweekly" compounds represented 77 ± 8% of the overall pharmaceutical concentration. The antidiabetic drug metformin consistently had the highest concentration with limited in-stream attenuation. The antihistamine drug fexofenadine inputs were greater during warm- than cool-season conditions but also attenuated faster. Differential attenuation of individual pharmaceuticals (i.e., high = citalopram; low = metformin) contributed to complex mixture evolution along the stream reach. This research demonstrates that variable inputs over multiple years and differential in-stream attenuation of individual compounds generate evolving complex mixture exposure conditions for biota, with implications for interactive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhi
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, 100 C. Maxwell Stanley Hydraulics Laboratory, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Dana W Kolpin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Central Midwest Water Science Center, 400 S. Clinton Street, Rm 269 Federal Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, United States
| | - Rebecca D Klaper
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, School of Freshwater Sciences, 600 E. Greenfield Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, United States
| | - Luke R Iwanowicz
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430, United States
| | - Shannon M Meppelink
- U.S. Geological Survey, Central Midwest Water Science Center, 400 S. Clinton Street, Rm 269 Federal Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, United States
| | - Gregory H LeFevre
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, 100 C. Maxwell Stanley Hydraulics Laboratory, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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19
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Liu Y, Tan N, Guo J, Wang J. Catalytic activation of O 2 by Al 0-CNTs-Cu 2O composite for Fenton-like degradation of sulfamerazine antibiotic at wide pH range. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 396:122751. [PMID: 32353730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel Al°-CNTs-Cu2O composite, capable of activating O2 to generate H2O2 and further to reactive oxygen species (ROSs) at a wide pH range, was synthetized, characterized and applied for the degradation of sulfamerazine. In the activation of O2 by Al°-CNTs-Cu2O composite, H2O2 was generated from the reaction of O2 with Al°-CNTs, which could be catalytically decomposed into O2- and OH by Cu2O, the formed Cu(II) could be rapidly reduced to Cu2O by Al°-CNTs in composite, which made Al°-CNTs-Cu2O composite reusable and decreased the leaching of copper ions into solution. The removal efficiency of SMR and TOC was 73.91 % and 56.80 %, respectively at initial pH = 5.8, T = 20 °C, O2 flow rate = 100 mL/min, Al°-CNTs-Cu2O dosage = 2 g/L, SMR = 50 mg/L, and reaction time = 60 min. The removal efficiency of SMR kept almost unchanged and the concentration of copper ions in solution was below 0.5 mg/L. The Al°-CNTs-Cu2O/O2 process could be used as a novel catalyst for the degradation of refractory organic contaminants in water and wastewater by Fenton-like process at a wide pH range through the in situ generation of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China; Key Laboratory of Treatment for Special Wastewater of Sichuan Province Higher Education Process, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ni Tan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Jinrui Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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20
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Hollman J, Dominic JA, Achari G. Degradation of pharmaceutical mixtures in aqueous solutions using UV/peracetic acid process: Kinetics, degradation pathways and comparison with UV/H 2O 2. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:125911. [PMID: 32007769 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an evaluation of UV/PAA process for degradation of four pharmaceuticals venlafaxine (VEN), sulfamethoxazole (SFX), fluoxetine (FLU) and carbamazepine (CBZ) with comparison to UV/H2O2 process. The effectiveness of combining PAA and H2O2 at various proportions while irradiating with UVC were also evaluated. UVC/PAA (λ = 254 nm) was effective in degrading all four pharmaceuticals and followed pseudo first-order kinetics. Increasing PAA dosage or UVC intensity resulted in a linear increase in pseudo-first order rate coefficient. Both PAA in dark conditions and UVA/PAA (λ = 360 nm) were marginally effective to degrade SFX and ineffective to degrade VEN, CBZ and FLU; indicating the need for UVC irradiation for activation of PAA. For similar oxidant dosages of 50 mg/L UVC/H2O2 was found to be faster than UV/PAA for VEN, CBZ and FLU by 55%, 75% and 33%, respectively. Under similar conditions, SFX was degraded 24% faster by UV/PAA. Increase in the proportion of H2O2 to PAA in UVC/PAA/H2O2 improved kinetics of degradation compared to PAA alone. Tests on TOC were conducted to determine the amount of acetic acid that is released to water when treatment by UVC/PAA is conducted. Results demonstrated that 70% of PAA by mass was ultimately converted to acetic acid and remained in the treated solutions. Hydroxyl radical attack is hypothesized to be the main mechanism of degradation by UV/PAA as degradation intermediates identified for all the target pharmaceuticals coincided with by-products identified during UV/H2O2 process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Hollman
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - John Albino Dominic
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gopal Achari
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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21
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García-Galán MJ, Arashiro L, Santos LHMLM, Insa S, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Barceló D, Ferrer I, Garfí M. Fate of priority pharmaceuticals and their main metabolites and transformation products in microalgae-based wastewater treatment systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 390:121771. [PMID: 32127240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the removal capacity of two high rate algae ponds (HRAPs) to eliminate 12 pharmaceuticals (PhACs) and 26 of their corresponding main metabolites and transformation products. The efficiency of these ponds, operating with and without primary treatment, was compared in order to study their capacity under the best performance conditions (highest solar irradiance). Concentrations of all the target compounds were determined in both water and biomass samples. Removal rates ranged from moderate (40-60 %) to high (>60 %) for most of them, with the exception of the psychiatric drugs carbamazepine, the β-blocking agent metoprolol and its metabolite, metoprolol acid. O-desmethylvenlafaxine, despite its very low biodegradability in conventional wastewater treatment plants, was removed to certain extent (13-39 %). Biomass concentrations suggested that bioadsorption/bioaccumulation to microalgae biomass was decisive regarding the elimination of non-biodegradable compounds such as venlafaxine and its main metabolites. HRAP treatment with and without primary treatment did not yield significant differences in terms of PhACs removal efficiency. The implementation of HRAPs as secondary treatment is a feasible alternative to CAS in terms of overall wastewater treatment, including organic micropollutants, with generally higher removal performances and implying a green, low-cost and more sustainable technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús García-Galán
- GEMMA, Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Larissa Arashiro
- GEMMA, Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lúcia H M L M Santos
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Insa
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivet Ferrer
- GEMMA, Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianna Garfí
- GEMMA, Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Hollman J, Dominic JA, Achari G, Langford CH, Tay JH. Effect of UV dose on degradation of venlafaxine using UV/H 2O 2: perspective of augmenting UV units in wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:1107-1116. [PMID: 30188261 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1521475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many water and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are fitted with a UV system that provides post treatment disinfection before the water is released to receiving water. This paper presents a study on expected removal for the pharmaceutical venlafaxine (VEN) in a typical UV unit at a municipal WWTP with analysis of removal rates of an advanced oxidation process using UV irradiation with injection of H2O2. The study is supported by bench scale degradation experiments on VEN. Results demonstrated that UV can completely degrade VEN, but the addition of H2O2 increased pseudo first order rate constant by up to 2.5 times. Extrapolations of the lab data indicated that removal rates of VEN at the UV disinfection unit of a typical municipal WWTP are approximately 0.4% at standard operating conditions. With the addition of 10 mg/L of H2O2, degradation of VEN can be increased by ten times over existing UV treatment. By studying the impact of adjusting parameters such as UV intensity, UV dosage, and H2O2 dosage, a framework is set to allow researchers and engineers to move forward with developing UV/H2O2 systems that meet their future design needs for pharmaceutical removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Hollman
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - John Albino Dominic
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Gopal Achari
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Joo-Hwa Tay
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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23
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Photocatalytic Treatment of Pharmaceuticals in Real Hospital Wastewaters for Effluent Quality Amelioration. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11102165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the wastewater effluents has confirmed that conventional wastewater treatment technologies are not sufficiently effective in the pharmaceuticals’ removal. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the photocatalytic degradation of PhACs using TiO2-P25, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, CN) and a heterojunction of perovskite strodium titanate and graphitic carbon nitride SrTiO3/g-C3N4 (20% g-C3N4, 20CNSTO) photocatalytic materials, in hospital wastewater effluents, by simulated solar irradiation. The experiments were performed by using real wastewater samples collected from the university hospital wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent of Ioannina city (Northwestern Greece) and inherent pharmaceutical concentration levels. The analysis of the samples was accomplished by solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. In the cases of TiO2 and CN, more than 70% of the initial concentration (e.g., venlafaxine) was degraded after 90 min, while 20CNSTO presented lower photocatalytic performance. Furthermore, some compounds were sporadically detected (e.g., fluoxetine) or their concentrations remained stable during the photocatalytic treatment time period (e.g., trimethoprim). In total 11 transformation products (TPs) were formed along the degradation processes and were identified by using liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry.
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24
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Sun Y, Cho DW, Graham NJD, Hou D, Yip ACK, Khan E, Song H, Li Y, Tsang DCW. Degradation of antibiotics by modified vacuum-UV based processes: Mechanistic consequences of H 2O 2 and K 2S 2O 8 in the presence of halide ions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 664:312-321. [PMID: 30743124 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the degradation of cefalexin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin was examined via various advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Direct photolysis by ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultra violet (VUV) was less effective for the degradation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as norfloxacin and ofloxacin than that of cefalexin. Both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) assisted UV/VUV process remarkably enhanced fluoroquinolone degradation. The addition of K2S2O8 was superior to H2O2 under VUV irradiation, with the best removal efficiency of norfloxacin and ofloxacin being almost 100% within 3 min in the presence of VUV/K2S2O8. The ofloxacin degradation rate was accelerated as concentrations of H2O2 and K2S2O8 was increased to 3 mM, but the degradation rate was slightly decreased with excess H2O2 (>3 mM). The performance of modified VUV processes (i.e., VUV/H2O2 and VUV/K2S2O8) was inhibited at highly alkaline condition (pH 11). The co-existence of halides (Cl- and Br-) enhanced antibiotics degradation via the modified VUV processes, but the reaction was almost unaffected in the presence of single halides. This study demonstrated that modified VUV processes (especially VUV/K2S2O8) are efficient for eliminating fluoroquinolone antibiotics from water, which can be considered as a clean and green method for the treatment of antibiotics-containing industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong-Wan Cho
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Geologic Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, South Korea
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment and Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Alex C K Yip
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Hocheol Song
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaru Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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25
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Trawiński J, Skibiński R. Multivariate comparison of photocatalytic properties of thirteen nanostructured metal oxides for water purification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 54:851-864. [PMID: 30947616 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1598169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the environmental photocatalysis is being developed for many years, the relationships between simple metal oxides have not been explored so far. In this study a multivariate comparison of thirteen nanostructured metal oxides (Bi2O3, CeO2, Co3O4, Fe2O3, NiO, Pr6O11, SnO2, SrTiO3, TiO2, WO3, ZnFe2O4, ZnO and ZrO2) was performed. The solution containing twenty-six psychotropic pharmaceuticals was used as a model mixture. In order to ensure the influence of the dissolved organic matter on the process, all the experiments were conducted in the river water. Simulated solar radiation was applied as the most environmentally relevant. The high-resolution LC-MS profiles, obtained for the photocatalytic samples after 1 h of irradiation, were then submitted to the multivariate chemometric analysis. Graphical representations of principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis enabled visualization of the relationships between the studied oxides. The registered degradation profiles were compared qualitatively and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Trawiński
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Robert Skibiński
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
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26
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Llorca M, Castellet-Rovira F, Farré MJ, Jaén-Gil A, Martínez-Alonso M, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Sarrà M, Barceló D. Fungal biodegradation of the N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine in water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:346-356. [PMID: 30577003 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressant drugs such as Venlafaxine (VFX) and O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODMVFX) are emerging contaminants that are commonly detected in aquatic environments, since conventional wastewater treatment plants are unable to completely remove them. They can be precursors of hazardous by-products, such as the carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), generated upon water chlorination, as they contain the dimethylamino moiety, necessary for the formation of NDMA. In this study, the capability of three white rot fungi (Trametes versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus) to remove both antidepressants from water and to decrease NDMA formation potential was investigated. Furthermore, transformation by-products (TPs) generated along the treatment process were elucidated and also correlated with their NDMA formation potential. Very promising results were obtained for T. versicolor and G. lucidum, both being able to remove up to 100% of ODMVFX. In the case of VFX, which is very recalcitrant to conventional wastewater treatment, a 70% of removal was achieved by T. versicolor, along with a reduction in NDMA formation potential, thus decreasing the associated problems for human health and the environment. However, the NDMA formation potential remained practically constant during treatment with G. lucidum despite of the equally high VFX removal (70%). This difference was attributed to the generation of different TPs during both fungal treatments. For example, G. lucidum generated more ODMVFX, which actually has a higher NDMA formation potential than the parent compound itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Llorca
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Castellet-Rovira
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Engineering School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María-José Farré
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Adrián Jaén-Gil
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Maira Martínez-Alonso
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Sarrà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Engineering School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Alves TC, Cabrera-Codony A, Barceló D, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Pinheiro A, Gonzalez-Olmos R. Influencing factors on the removal of pharmaceuticals from water with micro-grain activated carbon. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 144:402-412. [PMID: 30056324 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The removal efficiency of 6 micro-grain AC (μGAC) was examined for 23 selected pharmaceutical compounds, usually found at trace level in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents. Two different sets of experiments were carried out using distilled water and a real WWTP secondary effluent in order to understand the adsorption mechanisms of pharmaceuticals, including the role of the presence of background organic matter. Physical and chemical properties of μGACs and target pollutants were checked for their potential to predict the pharmaceutical removal. Textural properties of μGACs, and especially the mesopore volume, seemed to play the most important role during the adsorption without background organic matter whereas the chemistry of the μGACs, such as the presence of surface oxygen groups and the point of zero charge, could have more influence in the experiments with WWTP effluent water. Positively charged molecules are better adsorbed due to the influence of the background organic matter and the presence of oxygenated groups in the surface of the μGACs. The UV254 removal correlated well with the pharmaceutical removal and it is confirmed as an indicator to control the performance of pharmaceuticals adsorption with μGACs in tertiary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Caique Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, CEP 89030-000, Blumenau, SC, Brazil; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Alba Cabrera-Codony
- LEQUIA, Institute of Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Adilson Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, CEP 89030-000, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafael Gonzalez-Olmos
- IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.
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28
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang L, Xie P, Wang Z, Zhou A, Fang Z, Ma J. Efficient degradation of imipramine by iron oxychloride-activated peroxymonosulfate process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 353:18-25. [PMID: 29631043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthesized iron oxychloride (FeOCl) was firstly applied to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade imipramine (IMI), a tricyclic antidepressant. Compared to some other Fe-based materials including zero valent iron, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and ferric ions, FeOCl presented an impressive catalytic activity on PMS at near-neutral condition due to its unique structure containing abundant unsaturated iron atoms and oxo-bridged configuration. With an increase of FeOCl dose, PMS dose or initial pH in ranges of 0.02 - 0.5 g/L, 0.1 - 2.5 mM and 4.0 - 8.0, the degradation efficiency of IMI was effectively raised by 64.0%, 48.5% and 50.6%, respectively. The presence of either bicarbonate or chloride stimulated the removal of IMI. Moreover, 70.4% of IMI was degraded under the background of real water with 2 mM PMS. The possible reactive species were identified as sulfate and hydroxyl radicals. The formed hypochlorite through the reaction of PMS and the released chloride ions may also contribute to the degradation of IMI. Among the oxidants, sulfate radical was proven to be the dominate one in the system. Additionally, the FeOCl/PMS system can overall effectively degrade six other organic compounds including amitriptyline, desipramine, propranolol, nitrobenzene, methyl-paraben and ethyl-paraben, further suggesting the possible application of this system in treatment of vast aquatic micro-organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yanpeng Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Water & Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Water & Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pengchao Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Water & Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zongping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Water & Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Aijiao Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Water & Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zheng Fang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource & Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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29
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Garcia-Galan MJ, Sordet M, Buleté A, Garric J, Vulliet E. Evaluation of the influence of surfactants in the bioaccumulation kinetics of sulfamethoxazole and oxazepam in benthic invertebrates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 592:554-564. [PMID: 28342560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The potential ecotoxicological effects of mixtures of contaminants in the aquatic environment are generating a global concern. Benthic invertebrates, such as the crustacean Gammarus fossarum, are key in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, and are frequently used as sentinel species of water quality status. The aim of this work was to study the effects of a mixture of the most frequently detected surfactants in the bioconcentration kinetics of two pharmaceuticals in G. fossarum, evaluating their potential enhancing or suppressing effects. Laboratory exposure experiments for both pharmaceuticals and surfactants (concentration ratio 1:25) were set up for two individual compounds, the anxiolytic oxazepam and the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole. Gammarid samples were processed using microQuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) extraction. Pharmaceuticals concentration in the organisms was followed-up by means of nanoliquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS). Results indicated a similar mode of action of the surfactants in the bioconcentration kinetics of both drugs, decreasing the accumulation rate in the organism. Oxazepam showed a higher accumulation potential than sulfamethoxazole in all cases. Depuration experiments for oxazepam also demonstrated the high depurative capacity of gammarids, eliminating >50% of the concentration of oxazepam in <6h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesus Garcia-Galan
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université Lyon1, ENS-Lyon. 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; GEMMA, Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Research Group, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Martin Sordet
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université Lyon1, ENS-Lyon. 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Audrey Buleté
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université Lyon1, ENS-Lyon. 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jeanne Garric
- IRSTEA, UR MAEP, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vulliet
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université Lyon1, ENS-Lyon. 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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30
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Giannakis S, Rtimi S, Pulgarin C. Light-Assisted Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Elimination of Chemical and Microbiological Pollution of Wastewaters in Developed and Developing Countries. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071070. [PMID: 28672875 PMCID: PMC6152201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the issue of hospital and urban wastewater treatment is studied in two different contexts, in Switzerland and in developing countries (Ivory Coast and Colombia). For this purpose, the treatment of municipal wastewater effluents is studied, simulating the developed countries’ context, while cheap and sustainable solutions are proposed for the developing countries, to form a barrier between effluents and receiving water bodies. In order to propose proper methods for each case, the characteristics of the matrices and the targets are described here in detail. In both contexts, the use of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) is implemented, focusing on UV-based and solar-supported ones, in the respective target areas. A list of emerging contaminants and bacteria are firstly studied to provide operational and engineering details on their removal by AOPs. Fundamental mechanistic insights are also provided on the degradation of the effluent wastewater organic matter. The use of viruses and yeasts as potential model pathogens is also accounted for, treated by the photo-Fenton process. In addition, two pharmaceutically active compound (PhAC) models of hospital and/or industrial origin are studied in wastewater and urine, treated by all accounted AOPs, as a proposed method to effectively control concentrated point-source pollution from hospital wastewaters. Their elimination was modeled and the degradation pathway was elucidated by the use of state-of-the-art analytical techniques. In conclusion, the use of light-supported AOPs was proven to be effective in degrading the respective target and further insights were provided by each application, which could facilitate their divulgation and potential application in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Giannakis
- SB, ISIC, Group of Advanced Oxidation Processes (GPAO), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sami Rtimi
- SB, ISIC, Group of Advanced Oxidation Processes (GPAO), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Cesar Pulgarin
- SB, ISIC, Group of Advanced Oxidation Processes (GPAO), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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31
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Trawiński J, Skibiński R. Studies on photodegradation process of psychotropic drugs: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:1152-1199. [PMID: 27696160 PMCID: PMC5306312 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of psychotropic drugs is still increasing, especially in high-income countries. One of the most crucial consequences of this fact is significant release of them to the environment. Considerable amounts of atypical antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and their metabolites were detected in river, lake, and sea water, as well as in tissues of aquatic organisms. Their ecotoxicity was proved by numerous studies. It should be noticed that interaction between psychotropic pharmaceuticals and radiation may lead to formation of potentially more toxic intermediates. On the other hand, photo-assisted wastewater treatment methods can be used as an efficient way to eliminate them from the environment. Many methods based on photolysis and photocatalysis were proposed and developed recently; nevertheless, the problem is still unsolved. However, according to recent studies, photocatalysis could be considered as the most promising and far more effective than regular photolysis. An overview on photolytic as well as homogenous and heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation methods with the use of various catalysts is presented. The photostability and phototoxicity of pharmaceuticals were also discussed. Various analytical methods were used for the photodegradation research, and this issue was also compared and summarized. Use of high-resolution multistage mass spectrometry (Q-TOF, ion trap, Orbitrap) was suggested. The combined techniques such as LC-MS, GC-MS, and LC-NMR, which enable qualitative and quantitative analyses in one run, proved to be the most valuable in this case. Assembling of MS/MS spectra libraries of drug molecules and their phototransformation products was identified as the future challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Trawiński
- Department of Medicinal, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Robert Skibiński
- Department of Medicinal, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
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