1
|
Xue Q, Chen Z, Xie W, Zhang S, Jiang J, Sun G. Impact of Condition Variations on Bioelectrochemical System Performance: An Experimental Investigation of Sulfamethoxazole Degradation. Molecules 2024; 29:2276. [PMID: 38792137 PMCID: PMC11124217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are an innovative technology for the efficient degradation of antibiotics. Shewanella oneidensis (S. oneidensis) MR-1 plays a pivotal role in degrading sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in BESs. Our study investigated the effect of BES conditions on SMX degradation, focusing on microbial activity. The results revealed that BESs operating with a 0.05 M electrolyte concentration and 2 mA/cm2 current density outperformed electrolysis cells (ECs). Additionally, higher electrolyte concentrations and elevated current density reduced SMX degradation efficiency. The presence of nutrients had minimal effect on the growth of S. oneidensis MR-1 in BESs; it indicates that S. oneidensis MR-1 can degrade SMX without nutrients in a short period of time. We also highlighted the significance of mass transfer between the cathode and anode. Limiting mass transfer at a 10 cm electrode distance enhanced S. oneidensis MR-1 activity and BES performance. In summary, this study reveals the complex interaction of factors affecting the efficiency of BES degradation of antibiotics and provides support for environmental pollution control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Xue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100091, China; (Q.X.); (Z.C.); (W.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zhihui Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100091, China; (Q.X.); (Z.C.); (W.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Wenjing Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100091, China; (Q.X.); (Z.C.); (W.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuke Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100091, China; (Q.X.); (Z.C.); (W.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Jie Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100091, China; (Q.X.); (Z.C.); (W.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Guoxin Sun
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bunditboondee C, Lohwacharin J, Khan E, Laohhasurayotin K. Performance of electrokinetic remediation system for mercury contaminated marine sediment: Roles of electrode spacing and electrode configuration. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115256. [PMID: 37478785 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding mercury (Hg) species existing after electrokinetic remediation (EK) for marine-sediment remediation is limited. Herein, the Hg fraction removal of EK from contaminated marine sediment was investigated appertaining to bipolar electrode settings along with the effects of electrode spacing and configuration considered. Based on the selective sequential Hg extractions (Hg SSE), much of the Hg in the sediment originated from F5 (i.e., HgS) and F4 (i.e., HgO). The F5 fraction removed by EK was about 30 %, while the F4 fraction had a slight increase of about 34 %. When it comes to electrode configuration, a hexagonal pattern has a higher Hg removal performance than that of a rectangular shape. The addition of anodes increases the remediation surface area, thus allowing superior Hg removal. This study indicates that the electrode spacing significantly affects the mercury removal and the remediation time. Determining suitable spacing enhances the electrical potentials in the migration flux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenyuk Lohwacharin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Research Network of NANOTEC-CU (RNN) on Environment, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Professor Aroon Sorathesn Center of Excellence in Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4015, USA
| | - Kritapas Laohhasurayotin
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang Q, Zhou M, Zhou J, Chu L, Cang L. Roles of oxidant, activator, and surfactant on enhanced electrokinetic remediation of PAHs historically contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:88989-89001. [PMID: 35841503 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic (EK) remediation technology can enhance the migration of reagents to soil and is especially suitable for in situ remediation of low permeability contaminated soil. Due to the long aging time and strong hydrophobicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from historically polluted soil, some enhanced reagents (oxidant, activator, and surfactant) were used to increase the mobility of PAHs, and remove and degrade PAHs in soil. However, under the electrical field, there are few reports on the roles and combined effect of oxidant, activator, and surfactant for remediation of PAHs historically contaminated soil. In the present study, sodium persulfate (PS, oxidant, 100 g L-1) or/and Tween 80 (TW80, surfactant, 50 g L-1) were added to the anolyte, and citric acid chelated iron(II) (CA-Fe(II), activator, 0.10 mol L-1) was added to catholyte to explore the roles and contribution of enhanced reagents and combined effect on PAHs removal in soil. A constant voltage of 20 V was applied and the total experiment duration was 10 days. The results showed that the removal rate of PAHs in each treatment was PS + CA-Fe(II) (21.3%) > PS + TW80 + CA-Fe(II) (19.9%) > PS (17.4%) > PS + TW80 (11.4%) > TW80 (8.1%) > CK (7.5%). The combination of PS and CA-Fe(II) had the highest removal efficiency of PAHs, and CA-Fe(II) in the catholyte could be transported toward anode via electromigration. The addition of TW80 reduced the electroosmotic flow and inhibited the transport of PS from anolyte to the soil, which decreased the removal of PAHs (from 17.4 to 11.4% with PS, from 21.3 to 19.9% with PS+CA-Fe(II)). The calculation of contribution rates showed that PS was the strongest enhancer (3.3~9.9%), followed by CA-Fe(II) (3.9~8.5%) (with PS), and the contribution of TW80 was small and even negative (-1.4~0.6%). The above results indicated that the combined application of oxidant and activator was conducive to the removal of PAHs, while the addition of surfactant reduced the EOF and the migration of oxidant and further reduced the PAHs removal efficiency. The present study will help to further understand the role of enhanced reagents (especially surfactant) during enhanced EK remediation of PAHs historically contaminated soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jinjin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Longgang Chu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Long Cang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miller de Melo Henrique J, Isidro J, Sáez C, López-Vizcaíno R, Yustres A, Navarro V, Dos Santos EV, Rodrigo MA. Enhancing soil vapor extraction with EKSF for the removal of HCHs. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:134052. [PMID: 35189200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper evaluates the combination of electrokinetic soil flushing (EKSF) with soil vapor extraction (SVE) for the removal of four hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers contained in a real matrix. Results demonstrate that the combination of EKSF and SVE can be positive, but it is required the application of high electric fields (3 V cm-1) in order to promote a higher temperature in the system, which improves the volatilization of the HCH contained in the system. Electrokinetic transport is also enhanced with the application of higher electric gradients, but these transport processes are slower than the volatilization processes, which are the primary in this system. Hence collection of species in the electrolyte wells is negligible as compared to the compound dragged with air by the SVE but the temperature increase demonstrates a good performance. Combination of EKSF with SVE can efficiently exhaust the four HCH isomers reaching a removal of more than 90% after 15 days of treatment (20% more than values attained by SVE) but it is required the application of high electric fields to promote a higher temperature in the system (to improve the volatilization) and EK transport (to improve the dragging). 1-D transport model can be easily used to estimate the average pore water velocity and the effective diffusion of each compound under the different experimental conditions tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Miller de Melo Henrique
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Julia Isidro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rubén López-Vizcaíno
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Angel Yustres
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Vicente Navarro
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Elisama V Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Abstract
This paper evaluates the remediation of soil spiked with lindane using a combined treatment consisting of electrokinetic soil flushing (EKSF) with air stripping to elucidate the main processes occurring in the soil when electric fields of 0.75 V cm−1 and 1.50 V cm−1 are applied. The results demonstrate that lindane is efficiently transported to the anodic and cathodic wells using flushing fluids containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Additionally, an important amount is volatilized and stripped with the injected air. In the cathodic well, lindane is rapidly transformed into other species because of the strongly alkaline media. These other species are also found in the portions of soil next to this well, confirming the efficient transport of chlorinated organics with SDS. After 14 days of operation, nearly 50% of the spiked lindane can be removed from the soil. Operation with large electric fields does not improve the performance of the treatment technology and results in lower current intensities and electro-osmotic fluxes and in higher evaporated water, despite the water content in the soil matrix, indicating the coexistence of multiple inputs in these processes.
Graphical abstract
Collapse
|
6
|
Popov N, Rončević S, Duduković N, Krčmar D, Mihaljev Ž, Živkov Baloš M, Đorđievski S. Ex situ remediation of sediment from Serbia using a combination of electrokinetic and stabilization/solidification with accelerated carbonation treatments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:14969-14982. [PMID: 33222071 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of three simple and cost-effective technologies for ex situ remediation of the sediment of Begej River in Serbia is presented in this paper. In the first step, conventional electrokinetic treatment (EK) was carried out to reduce the amount of contaminated sediment and enhance the accumulation of metals. Subsequently, stabilization/solidification (S/S) treatment was applied to the remaining portion of polluted sediment to immobilize the accumulated metals. At the same time, the influence of accelerated carbonation on the effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated. The immobilizing agents used in this study included bio ash produced by combustion of wheat and soy straw mixture and bio ash derived from molasses incineration. After the treatments, the risk assessment was performed by using the sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and TCLP and DIN 3841-4 S4 leaching tests. The results obtained after the EK treatment revealed a reduction in the amount of polluted sediment to a half. Leaching tests and SEP performed on S/S mixtures after a 28-day maturation period indicated that accelerated carbonation decreased the mobility of critical metals, especially in wheat and soy straw mixtures. Moreover, based on the leaching tests, all prepared mixtures were categorized as non-hazardous and safe for disposal according to the relevant Serbian regulations. The newly developed method that combines EK and S/S treatments with the addition of accelerated carbonation produced reduced volumes of stabilized sediment which is safe for disposal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Popov
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Srđan Rončević
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Nataša Duduković
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
| | - Dejan Krčmar
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Željko Mihaljev
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Milica Živkov Baloš
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Stefan Đorđievski
- Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor, Zeleni Bulevar 35, Bor, 19210, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Asadollahfardi G, Sarmadi MS, Rezaee M, Khodadadi-Darban A, Yazdani M, Paz-Garcia JM. Comparison of different extracting agents for the recovery of Pb and Zn through electrokinetic remediation of mine tailings. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111728. [PMID: 33310346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of Electrokinetic Remediation to remove lead and zinc from real mine tailings, collected from the Lacan's lead and zinc Mineralized Flotation Processing Plant (Markazi province, Iran). High buffering capacity, high organic matter, and heavy metal contamination were the unique characteristics of this mine tailing. Electrokinetic remediation of the mine tailings was carried out in 11 separate experiments under constant voltage gradient of 2 V/cm for 9 days. Various enhancement techniques were tested, such as 1) electrolyte conditioning using chelating agents including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, and hydrochloric acid; 2) increasing the concentration of the catholyte solution, and 3) adding chelating agents to the soil as a pre-treatment of the tailings and the electrolyte condoning simultaneously. The concentration of each electrolyte solution was selected based on the different extraction tests that resulted in the optimal or highest extraction percentage of lead and zinc. Electrolyte conditioning, in the case of using citric acid 1 M enhanced the removal of Pb and Zn dramatically. Catholyte conditioning, using citric acid 1 M, was the most effective enhancement technique for removing Zn (38.34%); also, the best removal efficiency of Pb (51.31%) was achieved using the same electrolyte solution in both electrode chambers. Increasing the acetic acid concentration was favorable for removal of both heavy metals. Compared to catholyte conditioning, pre-treatment coupled with catholyte conditioning could not improve the removal efficiency considerably.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Sina Sarmadi
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Milad Rezaee
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Ahmad Khodadadi-Darban
- Mineral Processing Group, Department of Mining Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdie Yazdani
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ghobadi R, Altaee A, Zhou JL, McLean P, Ganbat N, Li D. Enhanced copper removal from contaminated kaolinite soil by electrokinetic process using compost reactive filter media. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123891. [PMID: 33254824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic (EK) remediation is a promising technology for soil decontamination, although basic pH in the soil close to cathode has constrained EK effectiveness due to heavy metal precipitation. This study aimed to enhance copper removal from kaolinite soil by integrating EK with compost (C) as recyclable reactive filter media (RFM) for the first time. Compost placed near the cathode served as an adsorbent to bind copper ions while buffering the advancement of the alkaline front in soil. The total copper removal rate increased from 1.03% in EK to 45.65% in EK-100%C under an electric potential of 10 V. Further experiments conducted by using biochar (BC) and compost/biochar (C + BC) mixture RFM at different ratios showed total Cu removal efficiency decreasing as EK-100%C > EK-(10%BC + 90%C) > EK-(20%BC + 80%C) > EK-(30%BC + 70%C) > EK. The application of a constant electric current of 20.00 mA further enhanced copper removal to 84.09% in EK-100%C although did not show significant enhancement in EK-(BC + C). The compost RFM was regenerated by acid extraction and then reused twice, achieving a total removal of 74.11%. The findings demonstrated compost as a promising and reusable RFM for the efficient removal of copper in contaminated soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Ghobadi
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ali Altaee
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Peter McLean
- School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Namuun Ganbat
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Donghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fardin AB, Jamshidi-Zanjani A, Darban AK. Application of enhanced electrokinetic remediation by coupling surfactants for kerosene-contaminated soils: Effect of ionic and nonionic surfactants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 277:111422. [PMID: 33010658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic (EK) by coupling surfactants is an enhanced promising remediation technology to eliminate hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) from low-permeable soils. It is also applied to remediate kerosene-contaminated soils using anionic (SDS) and non-ionic (Tween 80) surfactants at different concentrations. There was negligible removal efficiency (40%) of kerosene during traditional EK without any enhancement technique. In the present study, the application of 0.005M and 0.01M SDS in EK-SDS-1 and EK-SDS-2 improved the removal efficiency to 50 and 55%, respectively towards the anode. Furthermore, the use of Tween 80 in EK-Tw80-1 and EK-Tw80-2 at 0.1 and 1% concentrations was able to raise kerosene removal gradually from 45% to 52% towards the cathode. These findings suggest that higher concentrations of SDS and Tween 80 contribute to the more effective elimination of kerosene. Thus, in EK-SDS-Tw80-V1.5 and EK-SDS-Tw80-V2, SDS and Tween 80 were used simultaneously at higher concentrations, which led to 63 and 67% kerosene removal, respectively. Considering the maximum removal in EK-SDS-Tw80-V2, the energy consumption in EK-SDS-Tw80-V2 was 178 KWh/m3 due to the higher voltage gradient; whereas without increased voltage in EK-SDS-Tw80-V1.5, this amount was decreased to 84 KWh/m3. It is to be mentioned that the electro-osmotic flow (EOF) played a significant role in minimizing kerosene concentration during the EK process, particularly when combined with surfactants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Barati Fardin
- Department of Mining, Mining and Environment, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nasiri A, Jamshidi-Zanjani A, Khodadadi Darban A. Application of enhanced electrokinetic approach to remediate Cr-contaminated soil: Effect of chelating agents and permeable reactive barrier. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115197. [PMID: 32663675 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced electrokinetic (EK) technique was employed to remediate Cr-contaminated soil using a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) and chelating agents. Synthesized nanomagnetic Fe3O4 was used as a reactive material in PRB. Moreover, EDTA and citric acid (CA) were used as chelating agents. Sequential extraction method (SEM) was employed to determine Cr-elimination mechanism during the EK process. The results revealed that EDTA (78% Cr removal) was more effective than CA (54% Cr removal) in eliminating Cr from the contaminated soil during the EK process. The application of PRB in combination with EDTA was able to reduce the Cr removal rate to 70 and 66% by locating PRB in the middle section and near the anode/cathode reservoir, respectively. The use of PRB coupled with EDTA near the anode and cathode led to a more uniform Cr removal from the soil during the EK process. The highest energy consumption was 0.12 KWh during the EK remediation using PRB. Traditional EK remediation could only remove exchangeable and carbonate fractions of Cr. The use of chelating agents led to a significant (more than 90%) increase in Cr removal from the following fractions: exchangeable phase, carbonate phase, and bond to Fe-Mn oxides. In addition to electromigration (EM) mechanism, electroosmotic flow (EOF) played an important role in Cr removal during the EK process, especially when coupled with PRB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Nasiri
- Master Student of Mining Engineering, Mining and Environment, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yustres Á, López-Vizcaíno R, Cabrera V, Rodrigo MA, Navarro V. Donnan-ion hydration model to estimate the electroosmotic permeability of clays. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
Deniz ABDC, Valt RBG, Ponte MJJDS, Ponte HDA. Evaluation of Transport Phenomena for Removing Vanadium from Petrochemical Industry Solid Waste. Chem Eng Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Broska da Cruz Deniz
- Universidade Federal do ParanaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia MecânicaCentro Politécnico Rua Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, S/N, Bairro Jardim das Américas, CP 19011 81531-990 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Renata Bachmann Guimarães Valt
- Universidade Federal do ParanaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia MecânicaCentro Politécnico Rua Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, S/N, Bairro Jardim das Américas, CP 19011 81531-990 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Maria José Jerônimo de Santana Ponte
- Universidade Federal do ParanaSetor de TecnologiaCentro Politécnico Rua Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, S/N, Bairro Jardim das Américas, CP 19011 81531-990 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Haroldo de Araújo Ponte
- Universidade Federal do ParanaSetor de TecnologiaCentro Politécnico Rua Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, S/N, Bairro Jardim das Américas, CP 19011 81531-990 Curitiba PR Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Delil AD, Köleli N. Investigation of a combined continuous flow system for the removal of Pb and Cd from heavily contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:181-187. [PMID: 31078032 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a combined continuous flow system was designed to remove Pb and Cd from heavily contaminated mine tailing soils. 0.05 M Na2EDTA was used as a chelating agent to remove Pb and Cd from polluted soil, taken from the vicinity of Kayseri ÇİNKUR, Turkey. The initial concentrations of Pb and Cd were 16381 ± 643 and 34347 ± 1310 mg kg-1, respectively. The electrochemical treatment process was applied to the waste washing solution, which emerged after being extracted from soil column and contained Pb and Cd. Metal ions were transformed to the metallic form by applying the electrochemical treatment process to the washing solution, containing Pb2+ and Cd2+. At the end of the leaching experiment, which was done with a 50 g soil sample in the soil column system, Pb and Cd removal efficiencies from soil were 59.72% and 58.01%, respectively. Then, the soil column solution was subjected to electrolysis through a 48 h period at 10 V. The electrochemical removal efficiency of ions, which moved from column to solution, was 84.46% for Pb and 59.21% for Cd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aydeniz D Delil
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mersin University, Çiftlikköy Campus, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Nurcan Köleli
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Y, Liao X, Huling SG, Xue T, Liu Q, Cao H, Lin Q. The combined effects of surfactant solubilization and chemical oxidation on the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon from soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:1106-1112. [PMID: 30180319 PMCID: PMC7285956 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A method for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soils was proposed involving a combination of surfactant-aided soil washing and chemical oxidation by activated persulfate (SP). In this study, Triton X-100 (TX-100) and SP was applied to the soil, either concurrently or sequentially. Results indicated that surfactant followed by amendment with a solution of SP, TX-100 + SP(l), was most effective in decreasing PAHs concentrations in a sandy loam soil (SS) and a silty clay soil (NS) from 1220 mg/kg and 2730 mg·kg-1 to 414 mg·kg-1 and 180 mg·kg-1, respectively. Compared with extraction alone and oxidation alone, TX-100 + SP(l) increased the removal of PAHs by 10-20%. TX-100 improved the degradation of 3-4 ring PAHs (M-PAHs) and 5-6 ring PAHs (H-PAHs) in SS, by approximately 8%-11%. The oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy-PAHs) including furans and xanthene exhibited greater reductions in soil when amended with the TX-100 and SP, than under TX-100 extraction or SP oxidation alone. Overall, increased removal of PAHs in contaminated soil can occur through simultaneous application of TX-100 and SP, relative to the sole use of TX-100 or SP. The sequential combination of surfactant and oxidant was most effective for the elimination of PAHs, especially for M-PAHs and H-PAHs in sandy loam contaminated soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Scott G Huling
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Ground Water and Ecosystems Restoration Division, Ada, OK, United States
| | - Tao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiongzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qintie Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Peng Z, Wen J, Liu Y, Zeng G, Yi Y, Fang Y, Zhang S, Deng J, Cai X. Heavy metal leachability in soil amended with zeolite- or biochar-modified contaminated sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:751. [PMID: 30506357 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-7124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, reuse probability of heavy metal-contaminated sediment for land application was discussed using a 100-day column leaching assessment under the situation of simulated acid rain. For comparison, NaCl-modified zeolite and biochar were firstly studied for their adsorption capacity for Cu, Cd, and Pb in aqueous solution, and then their stabilizing effects on the three metals in sediment-soil mixture. Characteristic results indicated that NaCl-modified zeolite had properties more conducive to metal adsorption than biochar, including higher BET surface area and more negative surface charges. Adsorption capacities of NaCl-modified zeolite fitted by Langmuir isotherm model were 24.83, 35.57, and 133.16 mg g-1 for Cu, Cd, and Pb, respectively. Leaching results demonstrated that metal concentrations in the leachates of soil receiving zeolite- or biochar-modified sediment reduced significantly after 100 days compared with that of soil receiving bare sediment. Moreover, the NaCl-modified zeolite presented a better performance in stabilizing the three metals than biochar from the BCR sequential extraction result. Therefore, stabilization of the dredged contaminated sediment by modified zeolite ensures an environmentally friendly reuse of the sediment on land and makes the sediment treatment operation-able and cost-effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunguo Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjie Yi
- Hunan Research Academy of Environment Science, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Fang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqin Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Cai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ghaeminia M, Mokhtarani N. Remediation of nitrate-contaminated groundwater by PRB-Electrokinetic integrated process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 222:234-241. [PMID: 29859463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon is used as a reactive media in Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) for the removal of inorganic contaminants such as nitrate from groundwater. Since removal rate by this media decreases by time and due to the high costs of excavation and replacement of new media, the usage of activated carbon as an adsorbent in PRB is limited. The present study aimed to solve this defect by integrating electrokinetic process and PRB, using in-situ regeneration of activated carbon. This research was carried out on a laboratory scale using synthetically contaminated water and modified activated carbon as a reactive media in PRB. The effects of pH, nitrate concentration, carbon to sand ratio, and also electric gradient on the performance of the process were evaluated, and optimal conditions were determined, to increase the system longevity. According to the results, by applying an electric gradient of 1.25 V cm-1 to the PRB alone process in optimum operating condition (135 mg L-1 initial nitrate concentration, flow rate of 2.3 L min-1, pH = 6.8, and carbon to sand ratios of 1:1) the adsorbent capacity increased by 90%. Under these conditions, the integrated process could keep nitrate concentration in the effluent below the standard limit for about 111 h, while the PRB alone process could do the same job for about 59 h. Also, SEM analysis showed that by applying electrokinetic process, activated carbon was regenerated. Integration of electrokinetic process and PRB was also caused nitrate to transfer from activated carbon media into the soil layer above the system. This nitrate-rich soil has the potential for reuse in agricultural activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdyar Ghaeminia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, 1411713116 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nader Mokhtarani
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, 1411713116 Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mechanism and optimization of enhanced electro-kinetic remediation on 137Cs contaminated kaolin soils: A semi-pilot study based on experimental and modeling methodology. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
19
|
Ramadan BS, Sari GL, Rosmalina RT, Effendi AJ. An overview of electrokinetic soil flushing and its effect on bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 218:309-321. [PMID: 29689534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Combination of electrokinetic soil flushing and bioremediation (EKSF-Bio) technology has attracted many researchers attention in the last few decades. Electrokinetic is used to increase biodegradation rate of microorganisms in soil pores. Therefore, it is necessary to use solubilizing agents such as surfactants that can improve biodegradation process. This paper describes the basic understanding and recent development associated with electrokinetic soil flushing, bioremediation, and its combination as innovative hybrid solution for treating hydrocarbon contaminated soil. Surfactant has been widely used in many studies and practical applications in remediation of hydrocarbon contaminant, but specific review about those combination technology cannot be found. Surfactants and other flushing/solubilizing agents have significant effects to increase hydrocarbon remediation efficiency. Thus, this paper is expected to provide clear information about fundamental interaction between electrokinetic, flushing agents and bioremediation, principal factors, and an inspiration for ongoing and future research benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, 55171, Indonesia.
| | - Gina Lova Sari
- Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Singaperbangsa, Karawang, 41361, Indonesia.
| | | | - Agus Jatnika Effendi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Deniz ABDC, Valt RBG, Kaminari NMS, Ponte MJJDS, Ponte HDA. Parameters of an electrokinetic reactor design for vanadium recovery from fluid catalytic cracking catalysts. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
21
|
Ma F, Wu B, Zhang Q, Cui D, Liu Q, Peng C, Li F, Gu Q. An innovative method for the solidification/stabilization of PAHs-contaminated soil using sulfonated oil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 344:742-748. [PMID: 29156386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stabilization/solidification (S/S) has been successfully employed in many superfund sites contaminated with organic materials. However, this method's long-term effectiveness has not been fully evaluated and the increase in soil volume following treatment is unfavorable to follow-up disposal. The present study developed a novel method for the S/S of PAHs-contaminated soil with the facilitation of sulfonated oil (SO). Adding SO significantly improved the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values of Portland cement and activated carbon (PC-AC) treated soil samples, and the UCS values of the soil sample treated with 0.02% of SO were up to 2.3 times higher than without SO addition. When the soil was treated with PC-AC-SO, the PAHs leaching concentrations were 14%-25% of that in leachates of the control soil, and high molecular weight PAHs including benzo(a)pyrene were rarely leached. Freeze/thaw durability tests reveal that the leachability of PAHs was not influenced by freeze-thaw cycles. The UCS values of PC-AC-SO treated soil samples were 2.2-3.4 times greater than those of PC-AC treated soil samples after 12 freeze-thaw cycles. The PC-AC-SO treated soils resist disintegration better when compared to the PC-AC treated soils. The SEM micrographs reveal that the soils' compactness was significantly improved when treated with SO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Deshan Cui
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingbing Liu
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Changsheng Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Fasheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qingbao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gu YY, Zhao C, Li H, An H. The enhancement of synthesized wastewater on non-uniform electrokinetic remediation of a Cd-spiked natural clayey soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:1103-1114. [PMID: 29079978 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is usually very difficult to achieve satisfactory extraction efficiencies in electrokinetic remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils of high acid/base buffer capacity. Enhancement agent is often required. In this study, synthesized citric acid industrial wastewater (CAIW) is used as the enhancement agent to remediate cadmium-spiked natural clayey soil from Shanghai, China. Four electrokinetic extraction experiments were carried out to evaluate the enhancement effects of CAIW on the remediation of metal-spiked clayed soil of high buffer capacity and the effects of treatment time and initial cadmium concentration on the migration of cadmium in the specimen. The results of electrokinetic experiments indicated that CAIW can efficiently enhance the transport of cadmium in comparison with HNO3 of the same pH. Cadmium mobilization was enhanced with prolonged treatment time from 104 to 261.2 h, but the average cadmium removal efficiency was not significantly enhanced. A non-uniform cadmium distribution in the specimen was observed after the enhanced electrokinetic experiments due to the localized electrical gradients with an electrical gradient of approximately 1 V/cm and a ratio of the distance between electrodes of the same polarity to the outer diameter of electrode of 2.8 (50:18 mm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Gu
- Department of Environmental & Safety Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Chaocheng Zhao
- Department of Environmental & Safety Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Hongjiang Li
- Qingdao Water Group Co. Ltd., Qingdao, 266002, China
| | - Hui An
- Department of Environmental & Safety Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tian Y, Boulangé-Lecomte C, Benamar A, Giusti-Petrucciani N, Duflot A, Olivier S, Frederick C, Forget-Leray J, Portet-Koltalo F. Application of a crustacean bioassay to evaluate a multi-contaminated (metal, PAH, PCB) harbor sediment before and after electrokinetic remediation using eco-friendly enhancing agents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:944-953. [PMID: 28724226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic (EK) remediation can be a suitable technology for treating contaminated dredged harbor sediment, stored on terrestrial disposal sites. Citric acid (CA) and biosurfactants (rhamnolipids and saponin) were chosen as enhancing agents for simultaneous metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) and PAH/PCB removal by EK because of their potential low toxicity with a view to site restoration. Three EK runs were performed using a periodic voltage (1Vcm-1) and various concentrations of agents. The best combination of CA (0.2molL-1) and saponin (0.85gL-1) did not remove high amounts of metals (4.4-15.8%) and provided only slightly better results for PAH and PCB removal (29.2% and 38.2%, respectively). The harbor sediment was highly resistant to metal and organics mobilization and transport because of an aged contamination, a high buffering capacity, a very low hydraulic permeability and a high organic matter content. The efficiency of the EK process was also assessed by measuring the acute toxicity of the EK-treated sediment on E. affinis copepods exposed to sediment elutriates. Fortunately, the use of CA and biosurfactants did not significantly impact on sediment toxicity. Some treated sediment sections, particularly those near the anode compartment, were statistically more toxic than the raw sediment. More particularly, E. affinis copepods were significantly sensitive to low pH values and oxidative conditions, to Cu, and to a lesser extent to Pb amounts. The speciation of these metals probably changed in these pH and redox conditions so that they became more easily leachable and bioavailable. In contrast, toxicity was negatively correlated to PAH and PCB amounts after EK treatment, probably due to the production of oxidized metabolites of PAHs and PCBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Tian
- Normandie University, ULHN, LOMC UMR CNRS 6294, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 53 rue de Prony, 76600 Le Havre, France; Normandie University, URN, COBRA UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
| | - C Boulangé-Lecomte
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre, France.
| | - A Benamar
- Normandie University, ULHN, LOMC UMR CNRS 6294, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 53 rue de Prony, 76600 Le Havre, France.
| | - N Giusti-Petrucciani
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre, France.
| | - A Duflot
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre, France.
| | - S Olivier
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre, France.
| | - C Frederick
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre, France
| | - J Forget-Leray
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre, France.
| | - F Portet-Koltalo
- Normandie University, URN, COBRA UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sun Y, Gao K, Zhang Y, Zou H. Remediation of persistent organic pollutant-contaminated soil using biosurfactant-enhanced electrokinetics coupled with a zero-valent iron/activated carbon permeable reactive barrier. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:28142-28151. [PMID: 29019041 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zero-valent iron/activated carbon (Fe/C) particles can degrade persistent organic pollutants via micro-electrolysis and therefore, they may be used to develop materials for permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). In this study, surfactant-enhanced electrokinetics (EK) was coupled with a Fe/C-PRB to treat phenanthrene (PHE) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) co-contaminated clay soil. An environment-friendly biosurfactant, rhamnolipid, was selected as the solubility-enhancing agent. Five bench-scale tests were conducted to investigate the performance of EK-PRB on PHE and TCP removal from soil as well as the impact of pH and rhamnolipid concentration. The results show that both PHE and TCP, driven by electro-osmotic flow (EOF), moved toward the cathode and reacted with the Fe/C-PRB. Catholyte acidification and rhamnolipid concentration increase improved the removal efficiencies of PHE and TCP. The highest removal efficiency of PHE in soil column was five times the efficiency of the control group on which only EK was applied (49.89 versus 9.40%). The highest removal efficiency of TCP in soil column was 4.5 times the efficiency of the control group (64.60 versus 14.30%). Desorption and mobility of PHE and TCP improved with the increase of rhamnolipid concentration when this exceeded the critical micelle concentration. This study indicates that the combination of EK and a Fe/C-PRB is efficient and promising for removing persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from contaminated soil with the enhancement of rhamnolipid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Sun
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ke Gao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hua Zou
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Collabrative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| |
Collapse
|