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Pi R, Yang Z, Chai J, Qi Y, Sun X, Zhou Y. Peroxysulfur species-mediated enhanced oxidation of micropollutants by ferrate(VI): Peroxymonosulfate versus peroxydisulfate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134871. [PMID: 38876020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) works synergistically with ferrate (Fe(VI)) to remove refractory organic compounds in a few minutes. However, little has been reported on the combined effects of peroxydisulfate (PDS) and Fe(VI). Since PDS is stable and cost effective, it is of practical significance to study the reaction mechanism and conditions of the PDS/Fe(VI) system. The results of the study indicate that the intermediate Fe(II) is formed during the decomposition of Fe(VI), which is then rapidly oxidized. Due to the asymmetry of the PMS molecular structure, PMS can rapidly trap Fe(II) (kPMS/Fe(II)= 3 × 104 M-1∙s-1), whereas PDS cannot (kPDS/Fe(II)= 26 M-1∙s-1). Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HA) can reduce Fe(VI) and Fe(III) to Fe(II) to excite PDS to produce SO4•-. Acetate helps to detect Fe(II), but does not help PDS to trap Fe(II). Active species such as SO4•-, •OH, 1O2, and Fe(IV), Fe(V) are present in both systems, but in different amounts. In the PMS/Fe(Ⅵ) system, all these active species react with ibuprofen (IBP) and degrade IBP within several minutes. The effects of the initial pH, PMS or Fe(VI) dosage, and different amounts of IBP on the removal rate of IBP were investigated. According to the intermediates detected by the GC-MS, the degradation process of IBP includes hydroxylation, demethylation and single bond breakage. The degradation pathways of IBP were proposed. The degradation of IBP in tap water and Songhua River was also investigated. In actual water treatment, the dosage needs to be increased to achieve the same results. This study provides a basis and theoretical support for the application of PMS/Fe(Ⅵ) and PDS/Fe(VI) system in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Pi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, PR China
| | - Zhe Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, PR China
| | - Jin Chai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, PR China
| | - Yuan Qi
- Northeast Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd. of China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Changchun 131001, Jilin, China
| | - Xuhui Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, PR China.
| | - Yunlong Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, PR China
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2
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Wang D, Yu Y, He J, Zhang J, Yang C, Ma J. Homogeneous to heterogeneous redox mediator enhancing ferrate(VI) oxidation of sulfamethoxazole: Role of ferrate(VI) activation and electron shuttle. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142752. [PMID: 38960048 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Ferrate (Fe(VI)) is a promising oxidant for water remediation, yet it has limited reactivity towards certain recalcitrant but important emerging contaminants, such as sulfamethoxazole. Here, this study demonstrates that nitroxide redox mediators, specifically 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonasne N-oxyl (ABNO), can catalyze Fe(VI) reaction with sulfamethoxazole by functioning both as Fe(VI) activator and electron shuttle. The underlying mechanism is explained as: (i) Fe(VI) activation: a series of one-electron transfers between Fe(VI) and ABNO produces highly reactive Fe(V)/Fe(IV) and ABNO+; (ii) electron shuttle: the newly formed active ABNO+ reacts with the sulfamethoxazole, contributing to its removal. Concurrently, ABNOH is generated and subsequently converted back to ABNO by reactive species, thereby completing the redox cycle. The as-developed heterogeneous redox mediator, ABNO@SiO2, retained its catalytic properties and effectively catalyzed Fe(VI) to remove sulfamethoxazole at environmentally relevant pH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxiang Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jiahao He
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Chun Yang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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Li Y, Xiao J, Dong H, Li L, Dong J, Huang D. Enhanced chalcopyrite-catalyzed heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of diclofenac by ABTS. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 463:132908. [PMID: 37924703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The widely used 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) has gained growing attention in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), whereas there was limited knowledge regarding the feasibility of ABTS in enhancing heterogeneous Fenton oxidation so far. Hereof, ABTS was introduced into the chalcopyrite (CuFeS2)- catalyzed heterogeneous Fenton oxidation process to degrade diclofenac (DCF), and the degradation efficiency was enhanced by 25.5% compared with CuFeS2/H2O2 process. The available reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the enhanced mechanism were elaborated. Experimental results uncovered that •OH was the dominant reactive species responsible for the DCF degradation in the CuFeS2/H2O2/ABTS process, and ABTS•+ was derived from both •OH and Fe(IV). The presence of ABTS contributed significantly to the redox cycle of surface Fe of CuFeS2, and the roles of reductive sulfur species and surface Cu(I) in promoting surface Fe cycling also could not be neglected. In addition, the effects of several influencing factors were considered, and the potential practicability of this oxidation process was examined. The results demonstrate that the CuFeS2/H2O2/ABTS process would be a promising approach for water purification. This study will contribute to the development of enhancing strategies using ABTS as a redox mediator for heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangju Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Junyang Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Haoran Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - Long Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Jie Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Daofen Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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Xu J, Zou J, Wu J, Zeng H, Huang Y, Yang J, Gong C, Chen S, Ma J. Enhanced chlorination of diclofenac using ABTS as electron shuttle: Performance, mechanism and applicability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168117. [PMID: 37890637 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Chlorination, one of the most common oxidation strategies, performed limited degradation capacity towards many emerging organic contaminants under neutral pH conditions. In this study, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonate (ABTS) was discovered to possess an outstanding activation property towards free available chlorine (FAC) during the chlorination of diclofenac (DCF) among pH 6.0-9.5. ABTS radical (ABTS•+) primarily accounted for the elimination of DCF in the ABTS/FAC system, although hydroxyl radicals, reactive chlorine species, and singlet oxygen were also generated via the self-decomposition of FAC. ABTS acted as the electron shuttle to degrade DCF in the ABTS/FAC system, where ABTS was firstly oxidized by FAC to ABTS•+ via single electron transfer, and followed by the elimination of DCF with the generated ABTS•+. Eight DCF degradation intermediates were identified by LC/Q-TOF/MS, and four DCF degradation pathways were proposed. Real water bodies, humic acid, and the coexistent anions of Cl-, HCO3-, NO3-, and SO42- performed negligible influence on DCF removal in ABTS/FAC system. ABTS/FAC system was much superior to sole chlorination in terms of toxicity reduction and anti-interference capacity. Overall, this study innovatively introduced ABTS as the electron shuttle to enhance the oxidative capacity of FAC under neutral pH conditions and provided a new insight that the ABTS-like organic/synthetic components might play an important role in degrading emerging organic contaminants by chlorination in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Xu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
| | - Jianying Wu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Huiping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yixin Huang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Jingxin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunming Gong
- Xiamen Institute of Environmental Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Siying Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
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Huang Y, Zou J, Lin J, Yang H, Wang M, Li J, Cao W, Yuan B, Ma J. ABTS as Both Activator and Electron Shuttle to Activate Persulfate for Diclofenac Degradation: Formation and Contributions of ABTS •+, SO 4•-, and •OH. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:18420-18432. [PMID: 36260114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The activation of peroxydisulfate (PDS) by organic compounds has attracted increasing attention. However, some inherent drawbacks including quick activator decomposition and poor anti-interference capacity limited the application of organic compound-activated PDS. It was interestingly found that 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) could act as both activator and electron shuttle for PDS activation to enhance diclofenac (DCF) degradation over a pH range of 2.0-11.0. Multiple reactive species of ABTS•+, •OH, and SO4•- were generated in the PDS/ABTS system, while only ABTS•+ and •OH directly contributed to DCF degradation. ABTS•+, generated via the reactions of ABTS with PDS, SO4•-, and •OH, was the dominant reactive species of DCF degradation. No significant decomposition of ABTS was observed in the PDS/ABTS system, and ABTS acted as both activator and electron shuttle. Four possible degradation pathways of DCF were proposed, and the toxicity of DCF decreased after treatment with the PDS/ABTS system. The PDS/ABTS system had good anti-interference capacity to common natural water constituents. Additionally, ABTS was encapsulated into cellulose to obtain ABTS@Ce beads, and the PDS/ABTS@Ce system possessed excellent performance on DCF degradation. This study proposes a new perspective to reconsider the mechanism of activating PDS with organic compounds and highlights the considerable contribution of organic radicals on contaminant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Huang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
| | - Jinbin Lin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang150090, P.R. China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
| | - Baoling Yuan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun130118, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang150090, P.R. China
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6
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Wu Y, Wang H, Du J, Si Q, Zhao Q, Jia W, Wu Q, Guo WQ. Enhanced Oxidation of Organic Compounds by the Ferrihydrite-Ferrate System: The Role of Intramolecular Electron Transfer and Intermediate Iron Species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16662-16672. [PMID: 37782530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies mostly held that the oxidation capacity of ferrate depends on the involvement of intermediate iron species (i.e., FeIV/FeV), however, the potential role of the metastable complex was disregarded in ferrate-based heterogeneous catalytic oxidation processes. Herein, we reported a complexation-mediated electron transfer mechanism in the ferrihydrite-ferrate system toward sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation. A synergy between intermediate FeIV/FeV oxidation and the intramolecular electron transfer step was proposed. Specifically, the conversion of phenyl methyl sulfoxide (PMSO) to methyl phenyl sulfone (PMSO2) suggested that FeIV/FeV was involved in the oxidation of SMX. Moreover, based on the in situ Raman test and chronopotentiometry analysis, the formation of the metastable complex of ferrihydrite/ferrate was found, which possesses higher oxidation potential than free ferrate and could achieve the preliminary oxidation of organics via the electron transfer step. In addition, the amino group of SMX could complex with ferrate, and the resulting metastable complex of ferrihydrite/ferrate would combine further with SMX molecules, leading to intramolecular electron transfer and SMX degradation. The ferrate loss experiments suggested that ferrihydrite could accelerate the decomposition of ferrate. Finally, the effects of pH value, anions, humic acid, and actual water on the degradation of SMX by ferrihydrite-ferrate were also revealed. Overall, ferrihydrite demonstrated high catalytic capacity, good reusability, and nontoxic performance for ferrate activation. The ferrihydrite-ferrate process may be a green and promising method for organic removal in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Huazhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Juanshan Du
- KENTECH Institute for Environmental & Climate Technology, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Naju 58330, Korea
| | - Qishi Si
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wenrui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qinglian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wan-Qian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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7
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Tian Q, Zhang Y, Meng D, Zhai L, Shen Y, You C, Guan Z, Liao X. Simultaneous removal of tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole by laccase-mediated oxidation and ferrate(VI) oxidation: the impact of mediators and metal ions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:15708-15721. [PMID: 36171319 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the impact of mediators and metal ions of laccase-mediated oxidation and ferrate(VI) oxidation for the simultaneous removal of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) and sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) and to effectively remove their antimicrobial activity. The results showed that the antimicrobial activity of tetracycline against Bacillus altitudinis and Escherichia coli was significantly reduced, and the antimicrobial activity of sulfamethoxazole against B. altitudinis disappeared completely after treatment with the laccase-ABTS system. The combination of 6.0 U/mL of laccase and 0.2 mmol/L of ABTS removed 100% of 20.0 mg/L of tetracycline after 1.0 min at pH 6.0 and 25.0 °C, whereas the removal ratio of 20.0 mg/L of sulfamethoxazole was only 6.7%. The Al3+ and Cu2+ ions promoted the oxidation, and the Mn2+ ion decelerated the oxidation of tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole by the laccase-mediator systems. In contrast, the antimicrobial activity of tetracycline against B. altitudinis and E. coli was shown to be significantly reduced, and the sulfamethoxazole still retained high antimicrobial activity against B. altitudinis after treatment with Fe(VI) oxidation. The removal ratio of 20.0 mg/L of tetracycline was 100% after 1.0 min of treatment with 982.0 mg/L of K2FeO4 at pH 6.0 and 25.0 °C, whereas the removal ratio of 20.0 mg/L of sulfamethoxazole was only 49.5%. The Al3+, Cu2+, and Mn2+ ions both decelerated the oxidation of tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole by Fe(VI) oxidation. In general, the combination of the laccase-ABTS system and Fe(VI) was proposed for the simultaneous treatment of TCs and SAs in wastewater and to effectively remove their antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaopeng Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Yongzhou 425199, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Meng
- School of Biotechnology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Zhai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping You
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengbing Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangru Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Guan C, Guan C, Guo Q, Huang R, Duan J, Wang Z, Wei X, Jiang J. Enhanced oxidation of organic contaminants by Mn(VII) in water. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119265. [PMID: 36279614 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Studies that promote chemical oxidation by permanganate (MnO4-; Mn(VII)) as a viable technology for water treatment and environmental purification have been quickly accumulating over the past decades. Various methods to activate Mn(VII) have been proposed and their efficacy in destructing a wide range of emerging organic contaminants has been demonstrated. This article aims to present a state-of-art review on the development of Mn(VII) activation methods, including photoactivation, electrical activation, the addition of redox mediators, carbonaceous materials, and other chemical agents, with a particular focus on the potential activation mechanism and critical influencing factors. Different reaction mechanisms are involved in activated Mn(VII) oxidation processes, including the generation of reactive intermediates derived from Mn(VII) (e.g., Mn(III), Mn(V), and Mn(VI)) or activators (e.g., intermediates of redox mediators and Ru catalysts), reactive oxygen species (ROS) (e.g., •OH, O2•-, and 1O2), as well as electron transfer from organics to Mn(VII) via catalysts as the electron mediator. Except •OH that is generated as one of co-oxidants in UV/Mn(VII) process, other reactive species are relatively mild oxidants, which are more selective toward organic substrates and highly tolerant toward various water matrices (e.g., inorganic ions and natural organic matter) compared to strongly oxidizing radical species. Therefore, activated Mn(VII) oxidation processes show a good prospect for efficient removal of target contaminants in natural and complex environmental matrices. However, there are some disputes about the dominant reactive species generated in these processes, and their identification methods may be not appropriate, causing serious confusion in the mechanistic understanding. So, further efforts are still needed to fill the knowledge gap and also to address the application challenges of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoting Guan
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Chaoxu Guan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Qin Guo
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Run Huang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Jiebin Duan
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Xipeng Wei
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
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9
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Yu J, Jiao R, Sun H, Xu H, He Y, Wang D. Removal of microorganic pollutants in aquatic environment: The utilization of Fe(VI). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 316:115328. [PMID: 35658263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microorganic pollutants (MOPs) in aquatic environment with low levels but high toxicity are harmful to ecosystem and human health. Fe(VI) has a dual-functional role in oxidation and coagulation, and can effectively remove MOPs, heavy metal, phosphate, particulates and colloids. Moreover, Fe(VI) can combine with traditional coagulants, or use as a pretreatment for membrane treatment because of its characters to generate nanoparticles by degradation in water. Based on the relevant toxicity experiments, Fe(VI) had been proved to be safe for the efficient treatment of MOPs. For better utilization of Fe(VI), its oxidation and coagulation mechanisms are summarized, and the knowledge about the control parameters, utilization methods, and toxicity effect for Fe(VI) application are reviewed in this paper. pH, different valences of iron, environmental substances, and other parameters are summarized in this study to clarify the important factors in the treatment of MOPs with Fe(VI). In the future study, aiming at cost reduction in Fe(VI) preparation, transportation and storage, enhancement of oxidation in the intermediate state, and better understanding the mechanism between interface and Fe(VI) oxidation will help promote the application of Fe(VI) in the removal of MOPs. This study offers guidelines for the application and development of Fe(VI) for the treatment of MOPs in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruyuan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Yangtze River Delta Branch, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province, 322000, China.
| | - Hongyan Sun
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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10
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Liu M, Wu N, Tian B, Zhou D, Yan C, Huo Z, Qu R. Experimental and theoretical study on the degradation of Benzophenone-1 by Ferrate(VI): New insights into the oxidation mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127877. [PMID: 34883381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of Benzophenone-1 (BP-1) by ferrate (Fe(VI)) was systemically investigated in this study. Neutral pH and high oxidant dose were favorable for the reaction, and the second order rate constant was 1.03 × 103 M-1·s-1 at pH = 7.0 and [Fe(VI)]0:[BP-1]0 = 10:1. The removal efficiency of BP-1 was enhanced by cations (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+), while inhibited by high concentrations of anions (Cl- and HCO3-) and low concentrations of humic acid. Moreover, intermediates were identified by LC-MS, and five dominating reaction pathways were predicted, involving single hydroxylation, dioxygen transfer, bond breaking, polymerization and carboxylation. Theoretical calculations showed the dioxygen transfer could occur by Fe(VI) attacking the CC double-bond in benzene ring of BP-1 to form a five-membered ring intermediate, which was hydrolyzed twice followed by H-abstraction to generate the dihydroxy-added product directly from the parent compound. Dissolved CO2 or HCO3- might be fixed to produce carboxylated products, and Cl- led to the formation of two chlorinated products. In addition, the toxicity assessments showed the reaction reduced the environmental risk of BP-1. This work illustrates Fe(VI) could remove BP-1 in water environments efficiently, and the newly proposed dioxygen transfer mechanism herein may contribute to the development of Fe(VI) chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Nannan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bingru Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chao Yan
- School of the Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zongli Huo
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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11
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Tian B, Wu N, Pan X, Wang Z, Yan C, Sharma VK, Qu R. Ferrate(VI) oxidation of bisphenol E-Kinetics, removal performance, and dihydroxylation mechanism. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 210:118025. [PMID: 34991014 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.118025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol E (bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, BPE), as a typical endocrine disrupting chemical, is commonly detected in source water and drinking water, which poses potential risks to human health and ecological environment. This paper investigated the removal of BPE by ferrate(VI) (FeVIO42-, Fe(VI)) in water. Under the optimal condition of [Fe(VI)]0:[BPE]0 = 10:1 and pH = 8.0, a removal efficiency of 99% was achived in 180 s. Sixteen intermediates of BPE were detected, and four possible reaction pathways were proposed, which mainly involved the reaction modes of double-oxygen and single-oxygen transfer, bond breaking, carboxylation and polymerization. The double-oxygen transfer mechanism, different from traditional mechanisms, was newly proposed to illustrate the direct generation of di-hydroxylated products from parent BPE, which was demonstrated by theoretical calculations for its rationality. Significantly, NO2-, HCO3-, Cu2+, and humic acid, constituents of water promoted the removal of BPE. Additionally, samples from river, tap water, synthetic wastewater, and secondary effluent were tested to explore the feasibility of Fe(VI) oxidation for treating BPE in water. It was found that 99% of BPE was degraded within 300 s in these waters except for synthetic wastewater. The toxicity of BPE and its intermediates was evaluated by ECOSAR program, and the results showed that Fe(VI) oxidation decreased the toxicity of reaction solutions. These findings demonstrated that the Fe(VI) oxidation process was an efficient and green method for the treatment of BPE, and the new insights into the double-oxygen transfer mechanism aid to understand the reaction mechanisms of organic pollutants oxidized by Fe(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingru Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nannan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Yan
- School of the Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Program of Environment and Sustainability, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Sharma VK, Feng M, Dionysiou DD, Zhou HC, Jinadatha C, Manoli K, Smith MF, Luque R, Ma X, Huang CH. Reactive High-Valent Iron Intermediates in Enhancing Treatment of Water by Ferrate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:30-47. [PMID: 34918915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Efforts are being made to tune the reactivity of the tetraoxy anion of iron in the +6 oxidation state (FeVIO42-), commonly called ferrate, to further enhance its applications in various environmental fields. This review critically examines the strategies to generate highly reactive high-valent iron intermediates, FeVO43- (FeV) and FeIVO44- or FeIVO32- (FeIV) species, from FeVIO42-, for the treatment of polluted water with greater efficiency. Approaches to produce FeV and FeIV species from FeVIO42- include additions of acid (e.g., HCl), metal ions (e.g., Fe(III)), and reductants (R). Details on applying various inorganic reductants (R) to generate FeV and FeIV from FeVIO42- via initial single electron-transfer (SET) and oxygen-atom transfer (OAT) to oxidize recalcitrant pollutants are presented. The common constituents of urine (e.g., carbonate, ammonia, and creatinine) and different solids (e.g., silica and hydrochar) were found to accelerate the oxidation of pharmaceuticals by FeVIO42-, with potential mechanisms provided. The challenges of providing direct evidence of the formation of FeV/FeIV species are discussed. Kinetic modeling and density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide opportunities to distinguish between the two intermediates (i.e., FeIV and FeV) in order to enhance oxidation reactions utilizing FeVIO42-. Further mechanistic elucidation of activated ferrate systems is vital to achieve high efficiency in oxidizing emerging pollutants in various aqueous streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mingbao Feng
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DChEE), 705 Engineering Research Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Hong-Cai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Chetan Jinadatha
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas 76504-7451, United States
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Kyriakos Manoli
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mallory F Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C_3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014 Cordoba, Spain
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho Maklaya str., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Xingmao Ma
- Zachery Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ching-Hua Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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13
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Huang Y, Lin J, Zou J, Xu J, Wang M, Cai H, Yuan B, Ma J. ABTS as an electron shuttle to accelerate the degradation of diclofenac with horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed hydrogen peroxide oxidation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149276. [PMID: 34333427 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidation could degrade a variety of organic pollutants, but the intrinsic drawback of slow degradation rate limited its widespread application. In this study, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) was introduced into HRP/H2O2 system as an electron shuttle to enhance diclofenac degradation under neutral pH conditions. The green-colored ABTS radical (ABTS•+), generated by the oxidation of ABTS with HRP-catalyzed H2O2 oxidation, was proved to be the main reactive species for the rapid degradation of diclofenac in HRP/H2O2/ABTS system. There was no destruction of ABTS/ABTS•+ in HRP/H2O2/ABTS system, and ABTS was verified as an ideal electron shuttle. The reaction conditions including solution pH (4.5-10.5), HRP concentration (0-8 units mL-1) and H2O2 concentration (0-500 μM) would impact the formation of ABTS•+, and affect the degradation of diclofenac in HRP/H2O2/ABTS system. Moreover, compared with Fenton and hydroxylamine/Fenton systems, HRP/H2O2/ABTS system had better diclofenac degradation efficiency, higher H2O2 utilization efficiency and stronger anti-interference capacity in actual waters. Overall, the present study provided a meaningful and promising way to enhance the degradation of organic pollutants in water with HRP-catalyzed H2O2 oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Huang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Jinbin Lin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Jing Zou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China.
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China
| | - Huahua Cai
- China Academy Urban Planning & Design Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, PR China
| | - Baoling Yuan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China
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14
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Dai L, Xu J, Lin J, Wu L, Cai H, Zou J, Ma J. Iodometric spectrophotometric determination of peroxydisulfate in hydroxylamine-involved AOPs: 15 min or 15 s for oxidative coloration? CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:128577. [PMID: 34756344 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, iodometric spectrophotometry, the most-used method for detecting peroxydisulfate (PDS), was modified by increasing the concentration of potassium iodide (KI) for realizing the immediate PDS determination and avoiding the interference of hydroxylamine. Kinetic studies showed that the reaction between PDS and I- to generate the yellow-colored I3- followed the kinetic equation as [Formula: see text] . Detection time of the iodometric spectrophotometry was shortened from 15 min to 15 s when KI concentration was increased from 0.6 M to 4.8 M. Different with the previous iodometric spectrophotometry, the modified method using 4.8 M KI as the indicator was well tolerable to the interference of hydroxylamine at acidic pH conditions. The calibration curve of the modified method showed a well linear relationship (R2 = 0.999) between the absorbance of I3- at 352 nm and PDS concentration in the range of 0-80 μM. The modified method was highly sensitive with the absorptivity of 2.5 × 104 M-1 cm-1 and the limit of detection of 0.11 μM. Moreover, the modified method was successfully applied for monitoring the change of PDS concentration during the degradation of diclofenac with four different PDS-based AOPs, the calculated reaction stoichiometric efficiency (RSE(%)=DiclofenacdegradedPDSconsumed×100%) followed the order as heat/PDS system > hydroxylamine/Fe2+/PDS system > hydroxylamine/Cu2+/PDS system > Fe2+/PDS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dai
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Jinbin Lin
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Lingbin Wu
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Huahua Cai
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China
| | - Jing Zou
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China.
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China
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15
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Luo C, Sadhasivan M, Kim J, Sharma VK, Huang CH. Revelation of Fe(V)/Fe(IV) Involvement in the Fe(VI)-ABTS System: Kinetic Modeling and Product Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3976-3987. [PMID: 33635630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To quantitatively probe iron intermediate species [Fe(V)/Fe(IV)] in Fe(VI) oxidation, this study systematically investigated the reaction kinetics of Fe(VI) oxidation of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic)acid (ABTS) at different ratios of [ABTS]0/[Fe(VI)]0 (i.e., >1.0, =1.0, and <1.0) in pH 7.0 phosphate (10 mM)-buffered solution. Compared to the literature, a more comprehensive and robust kinetic model for the Fe(VI)-ABTS system including interactions between high-valent iron species [Fe(VI), Fe(V), and Fe(IV)], ABTS, and the ABTS•+ radical was proposed and validated. The oxidation of ABTS by Fe(VI) (k = (5.96 ± 0.9%) × 105 M-1 s-1), Fe(V) (k = (2.04 ± 0.0%) × 105 M-1 s-1), or Fe(IV) (k = (4.64 ± 13.0%) × 105 M-1 s-1) proceeds via one-electron transfer to generate ABTS•+, which is subsequently oxidized by Fe(VI) (k = (8.5 ± 0.0%) × 102 M-1 s-1), Fe(V) (k = (1.0 ± 40.0%) × 105 M-1 s-1), or Fe(IV) (k = (1.9 ± 17.0%) × 103 M-1 s-1), respectively, via two-electron (oxygen atom) transfer to generate colorless ABTSox. At [ABTS]0/[Fe(VI)]0 > 1.0, experimental data and model simulation both indicated that the reaction stoichiometric ratio of Fe(VI)/ABTS•+ increased from 1.0:1.0 to 1.0:1.2 as [ABTS]0 was increased. Furthermore, the Fe(VI)-ABTS-substrate model was developed to successfully determine reactivity of Fe(V) to different substrates (k = (0.7-1.42) × 106 M-1 s-1). Overall, the improved Fe(VI)-ABTS kinetic model provides a useful tool to quantitatively probe Fe(V)/Fe(IV) behaviors in Fe(VI) oxidation and gains new fundamental insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Luo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Manasa Sadhasivan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Juhee Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environment and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ching-Hua Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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16
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Song Y, Jiang J, Qin W, Li J, Zhou Y, Gao Y. Enhanced transformation of organic pollutants by mild oxidants in the presence of synthetic or natural redox mediators: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 189:116667. [PMID: 33271411 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic or natural mediators (Med) can enhance the transformation of different types of organic pollutants by mild oxidants, which has been extensively studied in literature. This enhancing effect is attributed to the following two steps: (i) mild oxidants react with Med forming Medox with higher reactivity, and then (ii) these organic pollutants are more readily transformed by Medox. The present work reviews the latest findings on the formation of Medox from the reactions of synthetic (i.e., 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonate (ABTS) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT)) or natural mediators (i.e., syringaldehyde (SA), acetosyringone (AS), p-coumaric acid, and catechol) with mild oxidants such as laccase, manganese oxidants including permanganate (Mn(VII)) and MnO2, and ferrate (Fe(VI)), as well as the transformation of organic pollutants including phenols, amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organic dyes, pulp, and perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) by Medox. First, reaction kinetics and mechanisms of the oxidation of synthetic or natural mediators by these mild oxidants were summarized. Reactivity and pathways of synthetic Medox including ABTS·+, ABTS2+, HBT· or natural Medox including phenoxy radicals and quinone-type compounds reacting with different organic pollutants were then discussed. Finally, the possibilities of engineering applications and new perspectives were assessed on the combinations of different types of mild oxidants with synthetic or natural mediators for the treatment of various organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wen Qin
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, Guangdong, China
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17
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Zheng Q, Wu N, Qu R, Albasher G, Cao W, Li B, Alsultan N, Wang Z. Kinetics and reaction pathways for the transformation of 4-tert-butylphenol by ferrate(VI). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123405. [PMID: 32659589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
4-tert-butylphenol (4-tBP) is a phenolic endocrine disrupting chemical that has attracted great attention due to its wide occurrence, environmental persistence, and possible toxic effects. In this study, we systematically investigated the transformation of 4-tBP in ferrate (VI) oxidation process. The second-order reaction rate constant (kapp) of Fe(VI) with 4-tBP decreases with solution pH, and the kapp value was determined as 295 M-1·s-1 at pH 8.0. The removal efficiency of 4-tBP was slightly decreased by Mg2+ and HCO3-, while accelerated at varying degrees by the presence of Cu2+ and humic acid. Product analysis revealed that 4-tBP was mainly transformed into hydroxylation products, benzene-ring cleavage products, dimers and higher polymerization products via oxygen atom transfer, ring-opening of the benzene ring and radical coupling reaction. Furthermore, initial reactions of 4-tBP were rationalized by theoretical analysis of atom partial charges, frontier electron densities, and spin densities. Nearly complete removal of 4-tBP (20 μM) was achieved after 5 min of reaction in both ultrapure water and natural waters, demonstrating the feasibility of this Fe(VI) oxidation method in treating phenols-contaminated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zheng
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224003, PR China
| | - Nannan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Gadah Albasher
- King Saud University, College of Science, Zoology Department, P.O. Box 2455, 10, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wanming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Beibei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Nouf Alsultan
- King Saud University, College of Science, Zoology Department, P.O. Box 2455, 10, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023, PR China
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18
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Xu L, Fu F. Se(IV) oxidation by ferrate(VI) and subsequent in-situ removal of selenium species with the reduction products of ferrate(VI): performance and mechanism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020; 55:528-536. [PMID: 31903843 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1710422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to treat selenium pollution, the study presents the use of potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) as an environmentally friendly agent for in situ removal of Se(IV) from aqueous media. Batch experiments were carried out to evaluate the influences of various factors including dosage of K2FeO4, ex-situ and in-situ adsorption, initial pH, and adsorption isotherms. The results showed that increasing dosage of K2FeO4 benefited the removal of total selenium with the efficiency up to 97.0% and Se(IV) removal significantly depended on pH, and as the pH increases, the decrease in Se(IV) adsorption efficiency is a general trend of pH dependence. The X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectrometer and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that Se(IV) was removed from the aqueous solution by adsorbing on the surface of the decomposition products of K2FeO4 which are ferric oxide nanoparticles, and the selenium adsorbed on the generated ferric oxide nanoparticles existed in the forms of Se(IV) and Se(VI). Se(IV) and Se(VI) were adsorbed to the decomposition products of K2FeO4 by forming an inner-sphere complexes and an outer-sphere complexes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenglian Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Zhu Y, Zhao C, Liang J, Shang R, Zhu X, Ding L, Deng H, Zheng H, Strathmann TJ. Rapid removal of diclofenac in aqueous solution by soluble Mn(III) (aq) generated in a novel Electro-activated carbon fiber-permanganate (E-ACF-PM) process. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 165:114975. [PMID: 31430653 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrolysis and permanganate (PM) oxidation are two commonly used technologies for water treatment. However, they are often handicapped by their slow reaction rates. To improve the removal efficiency of refractory contaminants, we combined electrolysis with PM using an activated carbon fiber (ACF) as cathode (E-ACF-PM) for the first time to treat diclofenac (DCF) in aqueous solution. Up to 90% DCF was removed in 5 min by E-ACF-PM process. In comparison, only 3.95 and 27.35% of DCF was removed by individual electrolysis and PM oxidation at the same time, respectively. Acidic condition was more conducive to DCF removal. Surprisingly, soluble Mn(III) (aq) formed on the surface of ACF was demonstrated as the principal oxidizing agent in E-ACF-PM process. Further studies showed that all three components (electrolysis + ACF + PM) were necessary to facilitate the heterogeneous generation of reactive Mn(III) (aq). Moreover, SEM images and XPS spectra of ACF before and after treatment revealed that the morphologies and elemental compositions of reacted ACF were nearly unchanged during the E-ACF-PM process. ACF can be remained active and utilized to the rapid degradation of DCF in E-ACF-PM process even after reused for 20 times. Therefore, the E-ACF-PM process may provide a novel and effective alternative on the generation of reactive Mn(III) (aq) in situ for water treatment by green electrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Chun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China.
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Ran Shang
- Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600, GA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Xuanmo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Lei Ding
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, 59 Hudong Road, Maanshan, 243002, PR China
| | - Huiping Deng
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Timothy J Strathmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
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Ji HY, Yu J, Chen XY, Liu AJ. Extraction, optimization and bioactivities of alcohol-soluble polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Manoli K, Morrison LM, Sumarah MW, Nakhla G, Ray AK, Sharma VK. Pharmaceuticals and pesticides in secondary effluent wastewater: Identification and enhanced removal by acid-activated ferrate(VI). WATER RESEARCH 2019; 148:272-280. [PMID: 30390508 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of resistance to antibacterial drugs and pesticides in water is unprecedented. This may have adverse consequences to human health and ecological systems. This paper first sought the identification of a wide range of pharmaceuticals and pesticides in two secondary effluent wastewaters (SEW) of different quality characteristics, followed by their removal by ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI), FeO42-). Screening for 22 pharmaceuticals and 32 pesticides, revealed that 11 pharmaceuticals and 3 pesticides in SEW of plant A, and 14 pharmaceuticals and 5 pesticides in SEW of plant B were present at concentrations higher than the liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method quantitation limit. The concentrations of pharmaceuticals and pesticides ranged from 0.15 ng/L-413.03 ng/L. Investigation of the removal of these pharmaceuticals and pesticides by Fe(VI) showed that some had recalcitrant activity towards their oxidation. Acid-activated Fe(VI) resulted in enhanced oxidation (12.6%-56.2% degradation efficiency) of 6 and 7 pharmaceuticals in SEW of plant A and plant B, respectively, at a shorter time than Fe(VI) without activation (i.e. 3-5 min versus 15-30 min). The degradation of 1 and 3 pesticides in SEW of plant A and plant B respectively, has also been enhanced by activating Fe(VI) (13.8%-86.2% degradation efficiency). Results on testing of organic matter characterization of treated SEW with and without acid-activated Fe(VI) treatment are also presented. Acid-activated Fe(VI) treatment has potential in enhancing the removal of micropollutants in real wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Manoli
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B9, Canada
| | - Lucas M Morrison
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V4T3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Mark W Sumarah
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, N5V4T3, Canada
| | - George Nakhla
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B9, Canada
| | - Ajay K Ray
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B9, Canada.
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Program for the Environment and Sustainability, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, United States.
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Chen J, Xu X, Zeng X, Feng M, Qu R, Wang Z, Nesnas N, Sharma VK. Ferrate(VI) oxidation of polychlorinated diphenyl sulfides: Kinetics, degradation, and oxidized products. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 143:1-9. [PMID: 29929163 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents oxidation of polychlorinated diphenyl sulfides (PCDPSs), dioxin-like compounds, by ferrate(VI) (FeVIO42-, Fe(VI)). Kinetics of the reactions of Fe(VI) with seventeen PCDPSs, differ in number and positions of chlorine atoms (from 2 to 7), were investigated at pH 8.0. The second-order rate constants (k, M-1 s-1) of the reactions varied with the numbers and positions of chlorine atoms and appeared to be related with standard Gibbs free energy of formation (ΔfG0) of PCDPSs. Degradation experiments in the presence of ions and humic acid demonstrated complete removal of PeCDPS by Fe(VI) in minutes. Pathways of the reaction were investigated by identifying oxidized products (OPs) of the reaction between Fe(VI) and 2,2',3',4,5-pentachlorodiphenyl sulfide (PeCDPS) at pH 8.0. Pathways of oxidation involved major pathway of attack on sulfur(II) by Fe(VI) in steps to yield sulfoxide type products, and subsequent breakage of C-S bond with the formation of sulfonic acid-containing trichloro compound. Minor pathways were hydroxylation of benzene ring and substitution of chlorine atom with hydroxyl group. Estimation of toxicity of OPs of the oxidation of PeCDPS by Fe(VI) suggested the decreased toxicity from the parent contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- Program for the Environment and Sustainability, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China.
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Nasri Nesnas
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W University Blvd, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Program for the Environment and Sustainability, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Dong H, Qiang Z, Liu S, Li J, Yu J, Qu J. Oxidation of iopamidol with ferrate (Fe(VI)): Kinetics and formation of toxic iodinated disinfection by-products. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 130:200-207. [PMID: 29223090 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Presence of iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICMs) in source water is of high concern, because of their potential to form highly toxic iodinated disinfection by-products (I-DBPs). This study investigated kinetics, mechanisms and products for oxidation of one ICMs, iopamidol (IPM) by ferrate (Fe(VI)). The obtained apparent second-order rate constants for oxidation of IPM by Fe(VI) ranged from 0.7 M-1 s-1 to 74.6 M-1 s-1 at pH 6.0-10.0, which were highly dependent on pH. It was found that the oxidation of IPM by Fe(VI) led to the formation of highly toxic I-DBPs. Iodoform (IF), iodoacetic acid and triiodoacetic acid formations were observed during the oxidation and IF dominated the formed I-DBPs. The formation of I-DBPs was also governed by pH and the maximum formation of I-DBPs occurred at pH 9.0. Transformation pathways of IPM by Fe(VI) oxidation were speculated to proceed through deiodination, amide hydrolysis and oxidation of amine reactions. The deiodination reaction during the oxidation of IPM by Fe(VI) contributed to the formation of I-DBPs. The formation of I-DBPs during the oxidation of IPM by Fe(VI) was significantly higher than those of iohexol, diatrizoate and iopromide, which was consistent with the lowest molecular orbital energy gap of IPM. Although Fe(VI) is considered as a green oxidant, the formation of highly toxic I-DBPs during the oxidation of IPM should receive great attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Shaogang Liu
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, 158 Da-xue Road, Nanning, 530006, Guangxi, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ning-xia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
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The self-catalysis of ferrate (VI) by its reactive byproducts or reductive substances for the degradation of diclofenac: Kinetics, mechanism and transformation products. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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