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Gupta S, Kant K, Kaur N, Jindal P, Naeem M, Khan MN, Ali A. Polyamines: Rising stars against metal and metalloid toxicity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:109030. [PMID: 39137683 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Globally, metal/metalloid(s) soil contamination is a persistent issue that affects the atmosphere, soil, water and plant health in today's industrialised world. However, an overabundance of these transition ions promotes the excessive buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ion imbalance, which harms agricultural productivity. Plants employ several strategies to overcome their negative effects, including hyperaccumulation, tolerance, exclusion, and chelation with organic molecules. Polyamines (PAs) are the organic compounds that act as chelating agents and modulate various physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes under metal/metalloid(s) stress. Their catabolic products, including H2O2 and gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), are also crucial signalling molecules in abiotic stress situations, particularly under metal/metalloid(s) stress. In this review, we explained how PAs regulate genes and enzymes, particularly under metal/metalloid(s) stress with a specific focus on arsenic (As), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn). The PAs regulate various plant stress responses by crosstalking with other plant hormones, upregulating phytochelatin, and metallothionein synthesis, modulating stomatal closure and antioxidant capacity. This review presents valuable insights into how PAs use a variety of tactics to reduce the harmful effects of metal/metalloid(s) through multifaceted strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Gupta
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Lab, Department of Botany, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed to be University), Agra, 282005, India
| | - Krishan Kant
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Lab, Department of Botany, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed to be University), Agra, 282005, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Lab, Department of Botany, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed to be University), Agra, 282005, India
| | - Parnika Jindal
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Lab, Department of Botany, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed to be University), Agra, 282005, India
| | - M Naeem
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 2020002, UP, India
| | - M Nasir Khan
- Renewable Energy and Environmental Technology Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia; Department of Science and Basic Studies, Applied College, University of Tabuk, Tabuk-71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akbar Ali
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Lab, Department of Botany, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed to be University), Agra, 282005, India.
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Ran S, Li H, Yu Y, Zhu T, Dao J, Long S, Cai J, Liu TY, Xu Y. Ecological characteristics of tall fescue and spatially organized communities: Their contribution to mitigating cadmium damage. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:135953. [PMID: 39332258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
The threat of cadmium (Cd) stress to agricultural soil environments, as well as their productivity attracting growing global interest. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is a strong candidate for the remediation of heavy metals in soil. However, the joint analysis of Cd tolerance, physiological responses, and multifaceted plant microbiomes in tall fescue fields has not been extensively researched. Therefore, this study employed microbial sequencing (i.e., 16S and ITS sequencing) to investigate the differences in microbial community structure among various plant compartments of Cd-resistant tall fescue (cv. 'Arid3') and Cd-sensitive tall fescue (cv. 'Barrington'). Furthermore, we examined the mechanism of resistance to Cd by introducing three different bacteria and a fungus that were isolated from the 'Arid3' rhizosheath soil. It highlighted the potential application of enriched taxa such as Delftia, Novosphingobium, Cupriavidus and Torula in enhancing the activity of antioxidant defense systems, increasing the production of osmotic regulatory substances, and stimulating the expression of Cd-resistance genes. This ultimately promoted plant growth and enhanced phytoremediation efficiency. This study shed light on the response mechanism of the tall fescue microbiome to Cd stress and underscored the potential of tall fescue-microbe co-culture in the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Ran
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Hanyu Li
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Yize Yu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Tianqi Zhu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Jicao Dao
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Si Long
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Junhao Cai
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Tie-Yuan Liu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
| | - Yuefei Xu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
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Kang Y, Li CZ, Ullah A, Zhang Q, Yu XZ. The Accumulation of Abscisic Acid Increases the Innate Pool of Soluble Phenolics through Polyamine Metabolism in Rice Seedlings under Hexavalent Chromium Stress. TOXICS 2024; 12:577. [PMID: 39195679 PMCID: PMC11359078 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12080577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Potential toxic element (PTE) pollution has emerged as a significant environmental and social concern in global agriculture. Chromium (Cr) occurs in different oxidation states naturally, among them Cr(VI), which is highly toxic. This study carried out biochemical and molecular tests to elucidate the accumulation of total soluble phenolics (TSPs) in rice plants exposed to Cr(VI) at 2.0, 8.0, and 16.0 mg Cr/L, emphasizing the interaction between polyamines (PAs) and abscisic acid (ABA). The results revealed significant Cr accumulation in different tissues of rice plants, which hindered their growth. Cr(VI) exposure increased the ABA concentration, with higher levels detected in the shoots than in the roots. The TSP concentration in rice tissues showed a positive relationship with the supplied concentrations of Cr(VI). The measured PAs, including spermine (Spm), putrescine (Put), and spermidine (Spd), exhibited varied responses to Cr(VI) stress, with only Spm concentration increasing with Cr(VI) concentrations. Real-time qRT-PCR showed PAs and ABA synthesis-associated genes such as OsADC1, OsAIH, OsCPA1, and OsCPA4 were significantly up-regulated in shoot of rice plants treated with Cr(VI). These genes are associated with the second pathway of Put synthesis, originating from Arg. Almost all genes activated in the Met pathway were significantly up-regulated as well. Moreover, the genes involved in the interconversion among the three species of PAs exhibited completely different responses to Cr(VI) exposure. Overall, the biochemical analysis and gene expression data indicate that the interaction between ABA and Spm is likely to enhance the TSP levels in rice plants subjected to Cr(VI) toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (Y.K.); (C.-Z.L.); (A.U.); (Q.Z.)
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Rahman A, Kulik E, Majláth I, Khan I, Janda T, Pál M. Different reactions of wheat, maize, and rice plants to putrescine treatment. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:807-822. [PMID: 38846465 PMCID: PMC11150351 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Polyamines play an important role in growth and differentiation by regulating numerous physiological and biochemical processes at the cellular level. In addition to their roborative effect, their essential role in plant stress responses has been also reported. However, the positive effect may depend on the fine-tuning of polyamine metabolism, which influences the production of free radicals and/or signalling molecules. In the present study, 0.3 mM hydroponic putrescine treatment was tested in wheat, maize, and rice in order to reveal differences in their answers and highlight the relation of these with polyamine metabolism. In the case of wheat, the chlorophyll content and the actual quantum yield increased after putrescine treatment, and no remarkable changes were detected in the stress markers, polyamine contents, or polyamine metabolism-related gene expression. Although, in maize, the actual quantum yield decreased, and the root hydrogen peroxide content increased, no other negative effect was observed after putrescine treatment due to activation of polyamine oxidases at enzyme and gene expression levels. The results also demonstrated that after putrescine treatment, rice with a higher initial polyamine content, the balance of polyamine metabolism was disrupted and a significant amount of putrescine was accumulated, accompanied by a detrimental decrease in the level of higher polyamines. These initial differences and the putrescine-induced shift in polyamine metabolism together with the terminal catabolism or back-conversion-induced release of a substantial quantity of hydrogen peroxide could contribute to oxidative stress observed in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altafur Rahman
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Research Network, Brunszvik 2, Martonvásár, 2462 Hungary
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, 1118 Hungary
| | | | - Imre Majláth
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Research Network, Brunszvik 2, Martonvásár, 2462 Hungary
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, 1118 Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Research Network, Brunszvik 2, Martonvásár, 2462 Hungary
| | - Magda Pál
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Research Network, Brunszvik 2, Martonvásár, 2462 Hungary
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Yin F, Li J, Wang Y, Yang Z. Biodegradable chelating agents for enhancing phytoremediation: Mechanisms, market feasibility, and future studies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116113. [PMID: 38364761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals in soil significantly threaten human health, and their remediation is essential. Among the various techniques used, phytoremediation is one of the safest, most innovative, and effective. In recent years, the use of biodegradable chelators to assist plants in improving their remediation efficiency has gained popularity. These biodegradable chelators aid in the transformation of metal ions or metalloids, thereby facilitating their mobilization and uptake by plants. Developed countries are increasingly adopting biodegradable chelators for phytoremediation, with a growing emphasis on green manufacturing and technological innovation in the chelating agent market. Therefore, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and market prospects of biodegradable chelators for phytoremediation. This review focuses on elucidating the uptake, translocation, and detoxification mechanisms of chelators in plants. In this study, we focused on the effects of biodegradable chelators on the growth and environmental development of plants treated with phytoremediation agents. Finally, the potential risks associated with biodegradable chelator-assisted phytoremediation are presented in terms of their availability and application prospects in the market. This study provides a valuable reference for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Li
- Jiaojiang Branch of Taizhou Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, People's Republic of China.
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Wang H, Liu M, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Wang Q, Gu Y, Song X, Li Y, Ye Y, Wang F, Chen X, Wang Z. Foliar spraying of Zn/Si affects Cd accumulation in paddy grains by regulating the remobilization and transport of Cd in vegetative organs. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108351. [PMID: 38217926 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The reduction of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice grains through biofortification of essential nutrients like zinc (Zn) and silicon (Si) is an area of study that has gained significant attention. However, there is limited understanding of the mechanism of Zn/Si interaction on Cd accumulation and remobilization in rice plants. This work used a pot experiment to examine the effects of Zn and Si applied singly or in combination on the physiological metabolism of Cd in different rice organs under Cd stress. The results revealed that: Zn/Si application led to a significant decrease in root Cd concentration and reduce the value of Tf Soil-Root in filling stage. The content of phytochelatin (PCs, particularly PC2) and glutathione (GSH) in roots, top and basal nodes were increased with Zn/Si treatment application. Furthermore, Zn/Si treatment promoted the distribution of Cd in cell wall during Cd stress. These findings suggest that Zn/Si application facilitates the compartmentalization of Cd within subcellular structures and enhances PCs production in vegetative organs, thereby reducing Cd remobilization. Zn/Si treatment upregulated the metabolism of amino acid components involved in osmotic regulation, secondary metabolite synthesis, and plant chelating peptide synthesis in vegetative organs. Additionally, it significantly decreased the accumulation of Cd in globulin, albumin, and glutelin, resulting in an average reduction of 50.87% in Cd concentration in milled rice. These results indicate that Zn/Si nutrition plays a crucial role in mitigating heavy metal stress and improving the nutritional quality of rice by regulating protein composition and coordinating amino acid metabolism balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicong Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Mingsong Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Qin Jiang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Qingping Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Yuqin Gu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Xinping Song
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yuxiu Ye
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, PR China
| | - Feibing Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, PR China
| | - Xinhong Chen
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, PR China
| | - Zunxin Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, PR China.
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Li Y, Liu M, Wang H, Li C, Zhang Y, Dong Z, Fu C, Ye Y, Wang F, Chen X, Wang Z. Effects of different phosphorus fertilizers on cadmium absorption and accumulation in rice under low-phosphorus and rich-cadmium soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:11898-11911. [PMID: 38225492 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Rice is the main food crops with the higher capacity for cadmium (Cd) uptake, necessitating the urgent need for remediation measures to address Cd in paddy soil. Reasonable agronomic methods are convenient and favorable for fixing the issue. In this study, a pot experiment was employed to evaluate the effects of two foliar (NaH2PO4, SDP; KH2PO4, PDP) and two solid phosphate fertilizers (double-superphosphate, DSP; calcium-magnesium phosphate, CMP) on uptake and remobilization of Cd in rice plants under the low-P and rich-Cd soil. The results revealed that these four phosphorus fertilizer significantly down-regulated the relative expression of OsNRAMP5 involved in Cd absorption, while up-regulated OsPCS1 expression and increased distribution of Cd into the cell wall in roots. Furthermore, phosphorus fertilizer resulted in a significant decrease in the relative expression of OsLCT1 in stems and OsLCD in leaves, decreased the transfer factor of Cd from shoots to grains, and ulterior reduced the Cd accumulation in three protein components of globulin, albumin, and glutelin, making the average Cd concentration of brown rice decreased by 82.96%. These results comprehensively indicate that in situations with similar soil backgrounds, the recommended application of solid CMP and foliar PDP can alleviate the toxicity of Cd by reducing its absorption and remobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Mingsong Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Huicong Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Zhiyao Dong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Chuanlan Fu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Yuxiu Ye
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Feibing Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Xinhong Chen
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Zunxin Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, Huai'an, 223003, China.
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Panahirad S, Gohari G, Mahdavinia G, Jafari H, Kulak M, Fotopoulos V, Alcázar R, Dadpour M. Foliar application of chitosan-putrescine nanoparticles (CTS-Put NPs) alleviates cadmium toxicity in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Sultana: modulation of antioxidant and photosynthetic status. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:411. [PMID: 37667189 PMCID: PMC10478426 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) stress displays critical damage to the plant growth and health. Uptake and accumulation of Cd in plant tissues cause detrimental effects on crop productivity and ultimately impose threats to human beings. For this reason, a quite number of attempts have been made to buffer the adverse effects or to reduce the uptake of Cd. Of those strategies, the application of functionalized nanoparticles has lately attracted increasing attention. Former reports clearly noted that putrescine (Put) displayed promising effects on alleviating different stress conditions like Cd and similarly chitosan (CTS), as well as its nano form, demonstrated parallel properties in this regard besides acting as a carrier for many loads with different applications in the agriculture industry. Herein, we, for the first time, assayed the potential effects of nano-conjugate form of Put and CTS (CTS-Put NP) on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Sultana suffering from Cd stress. We hypothesized that their nano conjugate combination (CTS-Put NPs) could potentially enhance Put proficiency, above all at lower doses under stress conditions via CTS as a carrier for Put. In this regard, Put (50 mg L- 1), CTS (0.5%), Put 50 mg L- 1 + CTS 0.5%" and CTS-Put NPs (0.1 and 0.5%) were applied on grapevines under Cd-stress conditions (0 and 10 mg kg- 1). The interactive effects of CTS-Put NP were investigated through a series of physiological and biochemical assays. RESULTS The findings of present study clearly revealed that CTS-Put NPs as optimal treatments alleviated adverse effects of Cd-stress condition by enhancing chlorophyll (chl) a, b, carotenoids, Fv/Fm, Y(II), proline, total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, antioxidant enzymatic activities and decreasing Y (NO), leaf and root Cd content, EL, MDA and H2O2. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, CTS-Put NPs could be applied as a stress protection treatment on plants under diverse heavy metal toxicity conditions to promote plant health, potentially highlighting new avenues for sustainable crop production in the agricultural sector under the threat of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Panahirad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Mahdavinia
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Hessam Jafari
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Muhittin Kulak
- Department of Herbal and Animal Production, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammadreza Dadpour
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Xue W, Zhang X, Zhang C, Wang C, Huang Y, Liu Z. Mitigating the toxicity of reactive oxygen species induced by cadmium via restoring citrate valve and improving the stability of enzyme structure in rice. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 327:138511. [PMID: 36972869 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in rice cells induced by cadmium (Cd) stress remains poorly understood. The present study shows that the burst of superoxide anions (O2·-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in roots and shoots led by Cd stress was attributed to the disturbance of citrate (CA) valve and the damage of antioxidant enzyme structure in the rice seedlings. Cd accumulation in cells altered the molecular structure of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) through attacking glutamate (Glu) and other residues, leading to the significant reduction of their activities in clearing O2·- and decomposing H2O2. Citrate supplementation obviously increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased ∼20-30% of O2·- and H2O2 contents in roots and shoots. Meanwhile, the synthesis of metabolites/ligands such as CA, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and Glu as well as the activities of related enzymes in CA valve were remarkably improved. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were protected by CA through forming stable hydrogen-bonds between CA and antioxidant enzymes, and forming the stable chelates between ligands and Cd. These findings indicate that exogenous CA mitigated the toxicity of ROS under Cd stress by the ways of restoring CA valve function to reduce the production of ROS, and improving the stability of enzyme structure to enhance antioxidant enzymes activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xue
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Changbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| | - Changrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yongchun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Zhongqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China.
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Zhong M, Yue L, Qin H, Wang G, Xiao L, Cheng Q, Lei B, Huang R, Yang X, Kang Y. TGase-induced Cd tolerance by boosting polyamine, nitric oxide, cell wall composition and phytochelatin synthesis in tomato. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 259:115023. [PMID: 37201425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In highly intensive greenhouse vegetable production, soil acidification was caused by excessive fertilization, increasing cadmium (Cd) concentrations in the vegetables, which bears environmental hazards and is a negative influence on vegetables and humans. Transglutaminases (TGases), a central mediator for certain physiological effects of polyamines (PAs) in the plant kingdom, play important roles in plant development and stress response. Despite increased research on the crucial role of TGase in protecting against environmental stresses, relatively little is known about the mechanisms of Cd tolerance. In this study, we found, TGase activity and transcript level, which was upregulated by Cd, and TGase-induced Cd tolerance related to endogenous bound PAs increase and formation of nitric oxide (NO). Plant growth of tgase mutants was hypersensitive to Cd, chemical complementation by putrescine, sodium nitroprusside (SNP, nitric oxide donor) or gain of function TGase experiments restore Cd tolerance. α-diflouromethylornithine (DFMO, a selective ODC inhibitor) and 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO, NO scavenger), were respectively found declined drastically endogenous bound PA and NO content in TGase overexpression plants. Likewise, we reported that TGase interacted with polyamine uptake protein 3 (Put3), and the silencing of Put3 largely reduced TGase-induced Cd tolerance and bound PAs formation. This salvage strategy depends on TGase-regulated synthesis of bound PAs and NO that is able to positively increase the concentration of thiol and phytochelatins, elevate Cd in the cell wall, as well as induce the levels of expression Cd uptake and transport genes. Collectively, these findings indicate that TGase-mediated enhanced levels of bound PA and NO acts as a vital mechanism to protect the plant from Cd-caused toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhong
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Lingqi Yue
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Hongyi Qin
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Guohu Wang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Liwen Xiao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qinqin Cheng
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Bingfu Lei
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Riming Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xian Yang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Yunyan Kang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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11
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Wang W, Man Z, Li X, Chen R, You Z, Pan T, Dai X, Xiao H, Liu F. Response mechanism and rapid detection of phenotypic information in rice root under heavy metal stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 449:131010. [PMID: 36801724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The root is an important organ affecting cadmium accumulation in grains, but there is no comprehensive research involving rice root phenotype under cadmium stress yet. To assess the effect of cadmium on root phenotypes, this paper investigated the response mechanism of phenotypic information including cadmium accumulation, adversity physiology, morphological parameters, and microstructure characteristics, and explored rapid detection methods of cadmium accumulation and adversity physiology. We found that cadmium had the effect of "low-promotion and high-inhibition" on root phenotypes. In addition, the rapid detection of cadmium (Cd), soluble protein (SP), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were achieved based on spectroscopic technology and chemometrics, where the optimal prediction model was least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) based on the full spectrum (Rp=0.9958) for Cd, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling-extreme learning machine (CARS-ELM) (Rp=0.9161) for SP and CARS-ELM (Rp=0.9021) for MDA, all with Rp higher than 0.9. Surprisingly, it took only about 3 min, which was more than 90% reduction in detection time compared with laboratory analysis, demonstrating the excellent ability of spectroscopy for root phenotype detection. These results reveal response mechanism to heavy metal and provide rapid detection method for phenotypic information, which can substantially contribute to crop heavy metal control and food safety supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Zun Man
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rongqin Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhengkai You
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tiantian Pan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaorong Dai
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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12
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Panahirad S, Dadpour M, Gohari G, Akbari A, Mahdavinia G, Jafari H, Kulak M, Alcázar R, Fotopoulos V. Putrescine-functionalized carbon quantum dot (put-CQD) nanoparticle: A promising stress-protecting agent against cadmium stress in grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Sultana). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107653. [PMID: 36965321 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to their sessile nature, plant cannot escape from stress factors in their growing environment, in either biotic or abiotic nature. Amid the abiotic stress factors; high levels of soil cadmium (Cd) impose heavy metal stress on plants, resulting in critical injuries and reduced agronomic performance. In order to buffer the adverse effects of Cd stress, novel nanoparticles (NP) have been applied and notable improvements have been reported. According to the literature, the protective roles of polyamines (e.g., Putrescine; Put) and carbon quantum dots (CQD) have been reported with respect to the plant productivity under either stress or non-stress conditions. Those reports led us to hypothesize that the conjugation of Put and CQD (Put-CQD NPs) might lead to further augmented performance of plants under stress and non-stress conditions. In this regard, we successfully synthesized a novel nanomaterial Put-CQD NPs. In this respect, Put (50 mg L-1), CQD (50 mg L-1) and Put-CQD NPs (25 and 50 mg L-1) were sprayed in 'Sultana' grapevines under Cd stress (10 mg kg-1). As expected, upon stress, Cd content in leaf and root tissues increased by 103.40% and 65.15%, respectively (p < 0.05). The high uptake and accumulation of Cd in plant tissues were manifested in significant alterations of physiological and biochemical attributes of the plant. Concerning stress markers, Cd stress caused increases in content of induced MDA, H2O2, and proline as well as electrolyte leakage rate. As expected, Cd stress caused critical reductions in fresh and dry leaf weight by 21.31% and 42.34%, respectively (p < 0.05). On the other hand, both Put-CQD NPs increased fresh and dry leaf weigh up to approximately 30%. The Cd-mediated disturbances in photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence were buffered with Put-CQD NPs. Of the defence system, enzymatic (SOD, APX, GP) as well as anthocyanin and phenolics were induced by both Cd stress and Put-CQD NPs (p < 0.05). On the other hand, Cd stress reduced content of polyamines (putrescine (Put), spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd) by 39.28%, 53.36%, and 39.26%, respectively (p < 0.05). However, the reduction levels were buffered by the treatments. Considering the effectiveness of both NP concentrations, the lower dose (25 mg L-1) could be considered as an optimal concentration. To our knowledge, this is the first report of its kind as a potential agent to reduce the adverse effects of Cd stress in grapevines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Panahirad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Dadpour
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran; Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Ali Akbari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Mahdavinia
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Hessam Jafari
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Muhittin Kulak
- Department of Herbal and Animal Production, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Igdir University, Turkiye
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology Limassol, Cyprus
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13
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Zhao Y, Wang J, Huang W, Zhang D, Wu J, Li B, Li M, Liu L, Yan M. Abscisic-Acid-Regulated Responses to Alleviate Cadmium Toxicity in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1023. [PMID: 36903884 PMCID: PMC10005406 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High levels of cadmium (Cd) in soil can cause crop yield reduction or death. Cadmium accumulation in crops affects human and animal health as it passes through the food chain. Therefore, a strategy is needed to enhance the tolerance of crops to this heavy metal or reduce its accumulation in crops. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an active role in plants' response to abiotic stress. The application of exogenous ABA can reduce Cd accumulation in shoots of some plants and enhance the tolerance of plants to Cd; therefore, ABA may have good application prospects. In this paper, we reviewed the synthesis and decomposition of ABA, ABA-mediated signal transduction, and ABA-mediated regulation of Cd-responsive genes in plants. We also introduced physiological mechanism underlying Cd tolerance because of ABA. Specifically, ABA affects metal ion uptake and transport by influencing transpiration and antioxidant systems, as well as by affecting the expression of metal transporter and metal chelator protein genes. This study may provide a reference for further research on the physiological mechanism of heavy metal tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Zhao
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Bao Li
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Mei Li
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Lili Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Mingli Yan
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
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14
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Pourjalali Z, Shahpiri A, Golkar P. Barley metallothionein isoforms, MT2b2 and MT4, differentially respond to photohormones in barley aleurone layer and their recombinant forms show different affinity for binding to zinc and cadmium. Biometals 2023; 36:3-18. [PMID: 36309886 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are metal-binding proteins that have important roles in the homeostasis of heavy metals. In this study, the two MT genes was studied in response to phytohormones using the barley aleurone layer as a kind of model system. The aleurone layer was isolated from barley embryo-less half grains and was incubated for 24 h with different phytohormones. Based on the results the genes encoding HvMT2b2 and HvMT4 were down-regulated through gibberellic acid (GA), while they were and up-regulated through salicylic acid (SA). Despite this, these two genes were differentially expressed to other hormones. Furthermore, the proteins HvMT2b2 and HvMT4 were heterologous expressed as GST-fusion proteins in E. coli. The HvMT4 and HvMT2b2 heterologous expression in E. coli gives rise to 10- and 3-fold improvements in the accumulation capacity for Zn2+, respectively. Whereas the transgenic E. coli strain that expresses HvMT2b2 could accumulate Cd2+ three-fold higher than control. The expression of HvMT4 did not affect the accumulation of Cd2+. HvMT4 which is known as seed-specific isoform seems to be able to bind to Zn2+ with good affinity and cannot bind Cd2+. In comparison, HvMT2b2 was able to bind both Zn2+ and Cd2+. Therefore HvMT4 could serve a noteworthy role in zinc storage in barley seeds. The expression of HvMT4 is induced by SA 30-fold, concerning the untreated aleurone layer. Such results could provide good insights for the assessment of the effects of phytohormones in the molecular mechanism involved in essential metal storage in cereal seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Pourjalali
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Azar Shahpiri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Pooran Golkar
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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15
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Li KT, Peng SY, Zhang B, Peng WF, Yu SJ, Cheng X. Exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus plantarum reduces cadmium uptake and mitigates cadmium toxicity in rice seedlings. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:243. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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16
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Kebert M, Kostić S, Vuksanović V, Gavranović Markić A, Kiprovski B, Zorić M, Orlović S. Metal- and Organ-Specific Response to Heavy Metal-Induced Stress Mediated by Antioxidant Enzymes' Activities, Polyamines, and Plant Hormones Levels in Populus deltoides. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3246. [PMID: 36501286 PMCID: PMC9741192 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Besides anthropogenic factors, climate change causes altered precipitation patterns that indirectly affect the increase of heavy metals in soils due to hydrological effects and enhanced leaching (i.e., Cd and Ni), especially in the vicinity of mines and smelters. Phytoextraction is a well-known, powerful "green" technique for environmental clean-up that uses plants to extract, sequester, and/or detoxify heavy metals, and it makes significant contributions to the removal of persistent inorganic pollutants from soils. Poplar species, due to their growth features, high transpiration rate, large biomass, and feasible reproduction represent great candidates for phytoextraction technology. However, the consequences of concomitant oxidative stress upon plant metabolism and the mechanism of the poplar's tolerance to heavy metal-induced stress are still not completely understood. In this study, cuttings of poplar species (Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall) were separately exposed to two heavy metals (Cd2+ and Ni2+) that were triple the maximum allowed amount (MAA) (according to national legislation). The aim of the study was to estimate the effects of heavy metals on: (I) the accumulation of free and conjugated polyamines, (II) plant hormones (including abscisic acid-ABA and indole-3-acetic acid-IAA), and (III) the activities of different antioxidant enzymes at root and leaf levels. By using the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) coupled with the isotopically labeled technique, amounts of ABA and IAA were quantified, while polyamine amounts were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorometric detection after derivatization. The results showed that P. deltoides responded to elevated concentrations of heavy metals in soils by exhibiting metal- and organ-specific tolerance. Knowledge about tolerance mechanisms is of great importance for the development of phytoremediation technology and afforestation programs for polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Kebert
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova 13d, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Saša Kostić
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova 13d, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vanja Vuksanović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Anđelina Gavranović Markić
- Division for Genetics, Forest Tree Breeding and Seed Science, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno Naselje 41, HR-10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia
| | - Biljana Kiprovski
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Martina Zorić
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova 13d, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Saša Orlović
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova 13d, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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17
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Yin Z, Yu J, Han X, Wang H, Yang Q, Pan H, Lou Y, Zhuge Y. A novel phytoremediation technology for polluted cadmium soil: Salix integra treated with spermidine and activated carbon. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135582. [PMID: 35803376 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A variety of plants have been used as phytoremediation materials to remove Cd from polluted soil. However, the disadvantages of using plants for decontamination include low biomass, low uptake, and inefficiency. We conducted experiments to determine the effects of spermidine and activated carbon treatments of Salix integra on Cd removal. The results showed that exogenous spermidine and activated carbon increased plant growth and root development compared with the CK. The increased dry mass (39.65-92.95%) with the combined spermidine and activated carbon treatments was higher than that with either single treatment (14.79-62.80%). The root length, surface area, root volume, and root diameter with the combined spermidine and activated carbon treatments (53.51-189.35%, 113.08-207.62%, 111.71-499.27%, and 32.51-106.62%, respectively) were higher than those of the lone application treatments (19.35-132.23%, 52.33-111.57%, 35.08-297.07%, and 24.22-81.38%, respectively). In addition, spermidine and activated carbon application reduced the toxicity of Cd to S. integra by improving the antioxidant capacity, thereby increasing the accumulation of Cd. The application of spermidine and activated carbon also changed the distribution of Cd in each part of S. integra. There was increased accumulation of Cd in the shoots and better absorption by the S. integra shoots, thereby improving their Cd remediation efficiency. The combined 0.8 mM spermidine and 0.5 g kg-1 activated carbon were most effective on removing Cd from the soil. The Cd removal efficiency was 78.11-120.86% higher than that of the CK. Our results may provide foundational information for understanding the mechanisms for the sustainable remediation of Cd-contaminated soil using a combination of spermidine and activated carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerun Yin
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong Province, China; Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410125, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jinpeng Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinran Han
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410125, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Quangang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong Pan
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanhong Lou
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yuping Zhuge
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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18
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Basit F, Bhat JA, Dong Z, Mou Q, Zhu X, Wang Y, Hu J, Jan BL, Shakoor A, Guan Y, Ahmad P. Chromium toxicity induced oxidative damage in two rice cultivars and its mitigation through external supplementation of brassinosteroids and spermine. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134423. [PMID: 35430206 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The chromium (Cr) induced phytotoxicity avowed the scientific community to develop stress mitigation strategies to restrain the Cr accumulation inside the food chain. Whereas, brassinosteroids (BRs), and spermine (SPM) are well-known growth-promoting phytohormones, which enhance the plants health, and resilient the toxic effects under stress conditions. Until now, their interactive role against Cr-mitigation is poorly known. Hence, we conducted the hydroponic experiment to perceive the behavior of seed primed with BRs, or/and SPM treatment against Cr disclosure in two different rice cultivars (CY927; sensitive, YLY689; tolerant). Our findings delineated that BRs (0.01 μM), or/and SPM (0.01 mM) remarkably alleviated Cr-induced phytotoxicity by improving the seed germination ratio, chlorophyll pigments, PSII system, total soluble sugar, and minimizing the MDA contents level, ROS extra generation, and electrolyte leakage through restricting the Cr accretion in roots, and shoots of both rice cultivars under Cr stress. Additionally, the BRs, or/and SPM modulated the antioxidant enzyme, and non-enzyme activities to reduce the Cr-induced cellular oxidative damage as well as maintained the ionic hemostasis in both rice cultivars, especially in YLY689. Concisely, enhanced the plants biomass and growth. Overall, our outcomes revealed that BRs and SPM interact positively to alleviate the Cr-induced damages in rice seedlings on the above-mentioned indices, and combine treatment is much more efficient than solely. Moreover, the effect of BRs, or/and SPM was more obvious in YLY689 than CY927 to hamper the oxidative stress, and boost the antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Basit
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhang Dong
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Qingshan Mou
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Advanced Agricultural Science, The Key Laboratory of Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin' an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Basit Latief Jan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Yajing Guan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 8, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Seed Priming with Spermine Mitigates Chromium Stress in Rice by Modifying the Ion Homeostasis, Cellular Ultrastructure and Phytohormones Balance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091704. [PMID: 36139792 PMCID: PMC9495668 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is an important environmental constraint effecting crop productivity. Spermine (SPM) is a polyamine compound regulating plant responses to abiotic stresses. However, SPM-mediated tolerance mechanisms against Cr stress are less commonly explored in plants. Thus, current research was conducted to explore the protective mechanisms of SPM (0.01 mM) against Cr (100 µM) toxicity in two rice cultivars, CY927 (sensitive) and YLY689 (tolerant) at the seedling stage. Our results revealed that, alone, Cr exposure significantly reduced seed germination, biomass and photosynthetic related parameters, caused nutrient and hormonal imbalance, desynchronized antioxidant enzymes, and triggered oxidative damage by over-accretion of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage in both rice varieties, with greater impairments in CY927 than YLY689. However, seed priming with SPM notably improved or reversed the above-mentioned parameters, especially in YLY689. Besides, SPM stimulated the stress-responsive genes of endogenous phytohormones, especially salicylic acid (SA), as confirmed by the pronounced transcript levels of SA-related genes (OsPR1, OsPR2 and OsNPR1). Our findings specified that SPM enhanced rice tolerance against Cr toxicity via decreasing accumulation of Cr and markers of oxidative damage (H2O2, O2•− and MDA), improving antioxidant defense enzymes, photosynthetic apparatus, nutrients and phytohormone balance.
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20
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Light Spectral Composition Modifies Polyamine Metabolism in Young Wheat Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158394. [PMID: 35955528 PMCID: PMC9369354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although light-emitting diode (LED) technology has extended the research on targeted photomorphogenic, physiological, and biochemical responses in plants, there is not enough direct information about how light affects polyamine metabolism. In this study, the effect of three spectral compositions (referred to by their most typical characteristic: blue, red, and the combination of blue and red [pink] lights) on polyamine metabolism was compared to those obtained under white light conditions at the same light intensity. Although light quality induced pronounced differences in plant morphology, pigment contents, and the expression of polyamine metabolism-related genes, endogenous polyamine levels did not differ substantially. When exogenous polyamines were applied, their roborative effect were detected under all light conditions, but these beneficial changes were correlated with an increase in polyamine content and polyamine metabolism-related gene expression only under blue light. The effect of the polyamines on leaf gene expression under red light was the opposite, with a decreasing tendency. Results suggest that light quality may optimize plant growth through the adjustment of polyamine metabolism at the gene expression level. Polyamine treatments induced different strategies in fine-tuning of polyamine metabolism, which were induced for optimal plant growth and development under different spectral compositions.
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21
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Xue W, Zhang C, Huang Y, Wang C, Zhang X, Liu Z. Rice organs concentrate cadmium by chelation of amino acids containing dicarboxyl groups and enhance risks to human and environmental health in Cd-contaminated areas. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128130. [PMID: 34959214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
When rice plants grown in paddy fields with Cd content of 0.3-1.5 mg kg-1, Cd quantities in roots and straws were 2-7 times higher than that in topsoil. Return of these vegetative organs to topsoil aggravated the ecological risk of Cd pollution. Cd content in rice grains was 0.1-1.3 mg kg-1, and hazard quotients for local consumers by intake of these rice were 0.7-8.8. Planting low-Cd-accumulating (LCA) cultivar reduced hazard quotients for consumers by intake of rice, but had similar ecological risks as high-accumulating (HCA) cultivars. LCA cultivar had lower Cd content in grains as well as higher efficiency of altering Cd into insoluble forms in flag leaves and upmost nodes than HCA cultivars. Insoluble Cd content in nodes was linearly increased with soil Cd content, companied by significant decline of 4 amino acids with dicarboxyl groups. Glu or Asp can form a cyclic complex with Cd by two O atoms from α-COO- and side chain-COO-. These results indicate that roots and straws have high potential to concentrate Cd by forming complexes between amino acids and Cd ions, and Cd-enriched straw return to topsoil may aggravate the ecological risk of Cd contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xue
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Changbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yongchun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Changrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zhongqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
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22
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Lai C, Zhou X, Zhang S, Zhang X, Liu M, Zhang C, Xu X, Xu X, Chen X, Chen Y, Lin W, Lai Z, Lin Y. PAs Regulate Early Somatic Embryo Development by Changing the Gene Expression Level and the Hormonal Balance in Dimocarpus longan Lour. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020317. [PMID: 35205362 PMCID: PMC8872317 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) play an important regulatory role in many basic cellular processes and physiological and biochemical processes. However, there are few studies on the identification of PA biosynthesis and metabolism family members and the role of PAs in the transition of plant embryogenic calli (EC) into globular embryos (GE), especially in perennial woody plants. We identified 20 genes involved in PA biosynthesis and metabolism from the third-generation genome of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.). There were no significant differences between longan and other species regarding the number of members, and they had high similarity with Citrus sinensis. Light, plant hormones and a variety of stress cis-acting elements were found in these family members. The biosynthesis and metabolism of PAs in longan were mainly completed by DlADC2, DlSAMDC2, DlSAMDC3, DlSPDS1A, DlSPMS, DlCuAOB, DlCuAO3A, DlPAO2 and DlPAO4B. In addition, 0.01 mmol∙L−1 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), putrescine (Put) and spermine (Spm), could promote the transformation of EC into GE, and Spm treatment had the best effect, while 0.01 mmol∙L−1 D-arginine (D-arg) treatment inhibited the process. The period between the 9th and 11th days was key for the transformation of EC into GE in longan. There were higher levels of gibberellin (GA), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) and lower levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ethylene and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in this key period. The expression levels in this period of DlADC2, DlODC, DlSPDS1A, DlCuAOB and DlPAO4B were upregulated, while those of DlSAMDC2 and DlSPMS were downregulated. These results showed that the exogenous ACC, D-arg and PAs could regulate the transformation of EC into GE in longan by changing the content of endogenous hormones and the expression levels of PA biosynthesis and metabolism genes. This study provided a foundation for further determining the physicochemical properties and molecular evolution characteristics of the PA biosynthesis and metabolism gene families, and explored the mechanism of PAs and ethylene for regulating the transformation of plant EC into GE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwang Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (C.Z.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (X.C.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaojuan Zhou
- Ganzhou Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Ganzhou 341000, China;
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (C.Z.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (X.C.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (C.Z.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (X.C.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Mengyu Liu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (C.Z.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (X.C.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (C.Z.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (X.C.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaoqiong Xu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (C.Z.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (X.C.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (C.Z.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (X.C.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (C.Z.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (X.C.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (C.Z.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (X.C.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Wenzhong Lin
- Quanzhou Agricultural Science Research Institute, Quanzhou 362212, China;
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (C.Z.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (X.C.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yuling Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (C.Z.); (X.X.); (X.X.); (X.C.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Xi L, Shen Y, Zhao X, Zhou M, Mi Y, Li X, Chen H, Wei Y, Su H, Hou H. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on frond antimony enrichment, morphology, and proteomics in Pteris cretica var. nervosa during antimony phytoremediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:149904. [PMID: 34508929 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pteris cretica var. nervosa is a dominant fern species found in antimony (Sb) mining areas, capable of forming symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), especially with those members of the Glomus genus. Despite this fern's relevance and the potential contribution of mycorrhizal symbiosis to phytoremediation, the AMF's impact on P. var. nervosa phytoremediation of Sb remains unknown. Here, we exposed P. var. nervosa to different concentrations of Sb for 6 months. Our results showed that Sb reduced shoot biomass, enlarged the root/shoot ratio, and disrupted the fronds' intracellular structure. AMF inoculation, however, was able to moderate these phenotypic changes and increased the accumulation level of Sb in plants. From a proteomics analysis of this plant's fronds, a total of 283 proteins were identified. Notably, those proteins with catalytic function, carbon fixing and ATP metabolic function were highly enriched. K-means clustering demonstrated protein-changing patterns involved in multiple metabolic pathways during exposure to Sb. Further, these patterns can be moderated by AMF inoculation. Pearson correlations were used to assess the plant biomarkers-soil Sb relationships; This revealed a strong correlation between ribosome alteration and the root/shoot ratio when inoculated with AMF, and a positive correlation between photosynthesis proteins and chlorophyll (SPAD value). Our results indicate AMF could moderate the fronds impairment by maintaining the sufficient protein levels for ribosomal functioning, photosynthesis activity and to counter ROS production. We demonstrate the effective use of AMF associated with P. cretica var. nervosa for Sb phytoremediation and the potential of applying proteomics to better understand the mechanism behind this symbiotic plant physiological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xi
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - YaQin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - YiDong Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - XinRu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - HaiYan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - HaiLei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
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Spermine-Mediated Tolerance to Selenium Toxicity in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Depends on Endogenous Nitric Oxide Synthesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111835. [PMID: 34829706 PMCID: PMC8614684 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess selenium (Se) causes toxicity, and nitric oxide (NO)’s function in spermine (Spm)-induced tolerance to Se stress is unknown. Using wheat plants exposed to 1 mM sodium selenate—alone or in combination with either 1 mM Spm, 0.1 mM NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or 0.1 mM NO scavenger cPTIO—the potential beneficial effects of these compounds to palliate Se-induced stress were evaluated at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels. Se-treated plants accumulated Se in their roots (92%) and leaves (95%) more than control plants. Furthermore, Se diminished plant growth, photosynthetic traits and the relative water content and increased the levels of malondialdehyde, H2O2, osmolyte and endogenous NO. Exogenous Spm significantly decreased the levels of malondialdehyde by 28%, H2O2 by 37% and electrolyte leakage by 42%. Combined Spm/NO treatment reduced the Se content and triggered plant growth, photosynthetic traits, antioxidant enzymes and glyoxalase systems. Spm/NO also upregulated MTP1, MTPC3 and HSP70 and downregulated TaPCS1 and NRAMP1 (metal stress-related genes involved in selenium uptake, translocation and detoxification). However, the positive effects of Spm on Se-stressed plants were eliminated by the NO scavenger. Accordingly, data support the notion that Spm palliates selenium-induced oxidative stress since the induced NO elicits antioxidant defence upregulation but downregulates Se uptake and translocation. These findings pave the way for potential biotechnological approaches to supporting sustainable wheat crop production in selenium-contaminated areas.
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Polyamine Metabolism under Different Light Regimes in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111717. [PMID: 34769148 PMCID: PMC8583935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the relationship between polyamines and photosynthesis has been investigated at several levels, the main aim of this experiment was to test light-intensity-dependent influence of polyamine metabolism with or without exogenous polyamines. First, the effect of the duration of the daily illumination, then the effects of different light intensities (50, 250, and 500 μmol m–2 s–1) on the polyamine metabolism at metabolite and gene expression levels were investigated. In the second experiment, polyamine treatments, namely putrescine, spermidine and spermine, were also applied. The different light quantities induced different changes in the polyamine metabolism. In the leaves, light distinctly induced the putrescine level and reduced the 1,3-diaminopropane content. Leaves and roots responded differently to the polyamine treatments. Polyamines improved photosynthesis under lower light conditions. Exogenous polyamine treatments influenced the polyamine metabolism differently under individual light regimes. The fine-tuning of the synthesis, back-conversion and terminal catabolism could be responsible for the observed different polyamine metabolism-modulating strategies, leading to successful adaptation to different light conditions.
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26
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Jahan A, Iqbal M, Malik A. Individual Rather Than Simultaneous Priming with Glutathione and Putrescine Reduces Chromium Cr 6+ Toxicity in Contrasting Canola (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:427-432. [PMID: 33837795 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The chromium (Cr6+) toxicity mechanisms have not been fully revealed yet in plants mainly due to its complex electronic chemistry. Both putrescine (PUT) and glutathione (GSH) are reported to be involved in plethora of plant cellular processes. Therefore, we hypothesized that exogenous individual or co-application of PUT and GSH could alleviate the Cr6+ stress in genetically diverse canola cultivars. The seed priming with GSH (0.1 mM) alleviated inhibitory effects of Cr6+ on root growth, and thus plants raised from GSH-treated seed had higher leaf chlorophyll a contents (78, 69 and 82%, in Shiralee, Rainbow and Dunkled cultivar, respectively), carotenoids contents, stem phenolics, root GSH, leaf and root NO concentration. The foliar treatment with PUT caused 37 and 11.9% decrease in the accumulation of Cr in shoot of Shiralee and Dunkled, respectively. Overall, the results suggested that seed priming with GSH regulated leaf photosynthetic pigments to cope with Cr6+ shock at early growth stage whereas foliar treatment with PUT decreased Cr transport to the shoot, and thus increased tolerance at later growth stage irrespective of cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almas Jahan
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38030, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38030, Pakistan.
| | - Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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27
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Khan MIR, Chopra P, Chhillar H, Ahanger MA, Hussain SJ, Maheshwari C. Regulatory hubs and strategies for improving heavy metal tolerance in plants: Chemical messengers, omics and genetic engineering. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:260-278. [PMID: 34020167 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) accumulation in the agricultural soil and its toxicity is a major threat for plant growth and development. HMs disrupt functional integrity of the plants, induces altered phenological and physiological responses and slashes down qualitative crop yield. Chemical messengers such as phytohormones, plant growth regulators and gasotransmitters play a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development under metal toxicity in plants. Understanding the intricate network of these chemical messengers as well as interactions of genes/metabolites/proteins associated with HM toxicity in plants is necessary for deciphering insights into the regulatory circuit involved in HM tolerance. The present review describes (a) the role of chemical messengers in HM-induced toxicity mitigation, (b) possible crosstalk between phytohormones and other signaling cascades involved in plants HM tolerance and (c) the recent advancements in biotechnological interventions including genetic engineering, genome editing and omics approaches to provide a step ahead in making of improved plant against HM toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sofi Javed Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Kokernag, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Chirag Maheshwari
- Agricultural Energy and Power Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India
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28
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Pál M, Szalai G, Gondor OK, Janda T. Unfinished story of polyamines: Role of conjugation, transport and light-related regulation in the polyamine metabolism in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 308:110923. [PMID: 34034871 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines play a fundamental role in the functioning of all cells. Their regulatory role in plant development, their function under stress conditions, and their metabolism have been well documented as regards both synthesis and catabolism in an increasing number of plant species. However, the majority of these studies concentrate on the levels of the most abundant polyamines, sometimes providing data on the enzyme activity or gene expression levels during polyamine synthesis, but generally making no mention of the fact that changes in the polyamine pool are very dynamic, and that other processes are also involved in the regulation of actual polyamine levels. Differences in the distribution of individual polyamines and their conjugation with other compounds were described some time ago, but these have been given little attention. In addition, the role of polyamine transporters in plants is only now being recognised. The present review highlights the importance of conjugated polyamines and also points out that investigations should not only deal with the polyamine metabolism itself, but should also cover other important questions, such as the relationship between light perception and the polyamine metabolism, or the involvement of polyamines in the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Pál
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kinga Gondor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
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29
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Sharma K, Gupta S, Thokchom SD, Jangir P, Kapoor R. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Mediated Regulation of Polyamines and Aquaporins During Abiotic Stress: Deep Insights on the Recondite Players. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:642101. [PMID: 34220878 PMCID: PMC8247573 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.642101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses of (a)biotic origin induce the production of multitudinous compounds (metabolites and proteins) as protective defense mechanisms in plants. On account of the regulation of some of these compounds, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) reinforce the inherent tolerance of plants toward the stress of different origins and kind. This article reviews two specific fundamental mechanisms that are categorically associated with mycorrhiza in alleviating major abiotic stresses, salt, drought, and heavy metal (HM) toxicity. It puts emphasis on aquaporins (AQPs), the conduits of water and stress signals; and polyamines (PAs), the primordial stress molecules, which are regulated by AMF to assure water, nutrient, ion, and redox homeostasis. Under stressful conditions, AMF-mediated host AQP responses register distinct patterns: an upregulation to encourage water and nutrient uptake; a downregulation to restrict water loss and HM uptake; or no alterations. The patterns thereof are apparently an integrative outcome of the duration, intensity, and type of stress, AMF species, the interaction of fungal AQPs with that of plants, and the host type. However, the cellular and molecular bases of mycorrhizal influence on host AQPs are largely unexplored. The roles of PAs in augmenting the antioxidant defense system and improving the tolerance against oxidative stress are well-evident. However, the precise mechanism by which mycorrhiza accords stress tolerance by influencing the PA metabolism per se is abstruse and broadly variable under different stresses and plant species. This review comprehensively analyzes the current state-of-art of the involvement of AMF in "PA and AQP modulation" under abiotic stress and identifies the lesser-explored landscapes, gaps in understanding, and the accompanying challenges. Finally, this review outlines the prospects of AMF in realizing sustainable agriculture and provides insights into potential thrust areas of research on AMF and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rupam Kapoor
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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30
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Wang K, Yu H, Ye D, Wang Y, Zhang X, Huang H, Zheng Z, Li T. The critical role of the shoot base in inhibiting cadmium transport from root to shoot in a cadmium-safe rice line (Oryza sativa L.). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:142710. [PMID: 33069470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is harmful to rice and human, thus screening and understanding the mechanism of Cd-safe rice lines, which accumulate little Cd in brown rice, is necessary. D62B was screened as a Cd-safe rice line with low Cd translocation from roots to shoots, and there must be a switch restricting Cd transport from roots to shoots. Here we found that shoot base played the role as switch. Cd concentration in the shoot base of D62B was 1.57 times higher compared with a high Cd-accumulating rice line (Wujin4B) and lower Cd translocation under Cd stress. Glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs) were important in this process. GSH and PCs concentrations in the shoot bases of D62B were 1.01- 1.83 times higher than Wujin4B as well as the glutathione S-transferase (GST) and phytochelatin synthase (PCS) concentrations, keeping in consistent with up-regulation of the genes OsGST and OsPCS1. PCs synthesis was further promoted by exogenous GSH. Our results prove the role of shoot bases as switch for restricting Cd transport in D62B due to its great potential for GSH and PCs biosynthesis, and thereby Cd chelation. This could be considered a key mechanism for low Cd accumulation in brown rice of the Cd-safe rice line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keji Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Daihua Ye
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yongdong Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xizhou Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Huagang Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zicheng Zheng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Tingxuan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Kour J, Kohli SK, Khanna K, Bakshi P, Sharma P, Singh AD, Ibrahim M, Devi K, Sharma N, Ohri P, Skalicky M, Brestic M, Bhardwaj R, Landi M, Sharma A. Brassinosteroid Signaling, Crosstalk and, Physiological Functions in Plants Under Heavy Metal Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:608061. [PMID: 33841453 PMCID: PMC8024700 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.608061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are group of plant steroidal hormones that modulate developmental processes and also have pivotal role in stress management. Biosynthesis of BRs takes place through established early C-6 and late C-6 oxidation pathways and the C-22 hydroxylation pathway triggered by activation of the DWF4 gene that acts on multiple intermediates. BRs are recognized at the cell surface by the receptor kinases, BRI1 and BAK1, which relay signals to the nucleus through a phosphorylation cascade involving phosphorylation of BSU1 protein and proteasomal degradation of BIN2 proteins. Inactivation of BIN2 allows BES1/BZR1 to enter the nucleus and regulate the expression of target genes. In the whole cascade of signal recognition, transduction and regulation of target genes, BRs crosstalk with other phytohormones that play significant roles. In the current era, plants are continuously exposed to abiotic stresses and heavy metal stress is one of the major stresses. The present study reveals the mechanism of these events from biosynthesis, transport and crosstalk through receptor kinases and transcriptional networks under heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kour
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Palak Bakshi
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Arun Dev Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Mohd Ibrahim
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Kamini Devi
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Neerja Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Doneva D, Pál M, Brankova L, Szalai G, Tajti J, Khalil R, Ivanovska B, Velikova V, Misheva S, Janda T, Peeva V. The effects of putrescine pre-treatment on osmotic stress responses in drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive wheat seedlings. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:200-216. [PMID: 32548914 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that exogenous polyamines have protective effects under various stress condition. A broader understanding of the role of the polyamine pool fine regulation and the alterations of polyamine-related physiological processes could be obtained by comparing the stress effects in different genotypes. In this study, the impact of pre-treatment with putrescine in response to osmotic stress was investigated in the drought-tolerant Katya and drought-sensitive Zora wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars. Photosynthetic performance, in vivo thermoluminescence emission from leaves, leaf temperature, polyamine and salicylic acid levels, contents of osmoprotectants, and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves were investigated not only to reveal differences in the physiological processes associated to drought tolerance, but to highlight the modulating strategies of polyamine metabolism between a drought-tolerant and a drought-sensitive wheat genotype. Results showed that the tolerance of Katya under osmotic stress conditions was characterized by higher photosynthetic ability, stable charge separation across the thylakoid membrane in photosystem II, higher proline accumulation and antioxidant activity. Thermoluminescence also revealed differences between the two varieties - a downshift of the B band and an increase of the afterglow band under osmotic stress in Zora, providing original complementary information to leaf photosynthesis. Katya variety exhibited higher constitutive levels of the signaling molecules putrescine and salicylic acid compared to the sensitive Zora. However, responses to exogenous putrescine were more advantageous for the sensitive variety under PEG treatment, which may be in relation with the decreased catabolism of polyamines, suggesting the increased need for polyamine under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilyana Doneva
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Magda Pál
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - Liliana Brankova
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - Judit Tajti
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - Radwan Khalil
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt
| | - Beti Ivanovska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - Violeta Velikova
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Svetlana Misheva
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Tibor Janda
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - Violeta Peeva
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
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Yao P, Zhou H, Li X, Wei L, Wang J, Zhang S, Ye X. Effect of biochar on the accumulation and distribution of cadmium in tobacco (Yunyan 87) at different developmental stages. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111295. [PMID: 32949930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) easily accumulates in tobacco, which endangers public health through Cd exposure from smoking. However, its uptake, translocation, and distribution in tobacco plants during plant development or its response to biochar application are poorly understood. A pot experiment was conducted with tobacco (Yunyan 87) grown in soil severely contaminated with Cd (30 mg kg-1) amended with 0, 1, and 2% (w/w) tobacco stem-derived biochar (BC). The absorption and accumulation of Cd in all parts of the tobacco plants were most active from the rosette stage to the fast growing stage, during which approximately 90% of the Cd deposited in the tobacco leaves occurred, especially in the lower leaves. The Cd concentrations in most plant parts without added biochar decreased significantly by 52.61-78.30% due to the rapid increase in biomass (dilution effect), although the Cd concentration in the lower leaves increased by 48.89% (P < 0.05). However, with the slowdown of the growth rate of tobacco at the maturity stage, the proportion of Cd accumulation in roots and stems without biochar addition increased by 29.01%, resulting in an increased Cd concentration in roots and stems by 63.29-86.80% (P < 0.05). In the different growth stages, the application of biochar reduced the contents of DTPA-extractable and exchangeable Cd in the soil by 5.11-35.14% and 9.20-54.05%, respectively, thus reducing the absorption, accumulation and concentration of Cd in all parts of the tobacco plant. In addition, the inhibitive effect of biochar on the Cd concentration in the leaves was weak at the rosette stage (22.17-53.72%) compared with the other stages (46.14-78.88%), and the degree of inhibition of biochar on the Cd concentration in the middle leaves (37.94-59.24%) was lower than that in the upper and lower leaves (49.04-73.54%) at all developmental stages. However, the long-term remediation effect of biochar on soil Cd contamination needs to be further verified, and the combination of biochar and other technologies should receive additional attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Yao
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hanjun Zhou
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xueli Li
- Staff Development Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Lin Wei
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture Tobacco Company, Jishou, 416000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiefeng Ye
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Jung HI, Lee TG, Lee J, Chae MJ, Lee EJ, Kim MS, Jung GB, Emmanuel A, Jeon S, Lee BR. Foliar-Applied Glutathione Mitigates Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress by Modulating Antioxidant-Scavenging, Redox-Regulating, and Hormone-Balancing Systems in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:700413. [PMID: 34589095 PMCID: PMC8473890 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.700413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant glutathione (GSH) mitigates adverse physio-metabolic effects and defends against abiotic types of stress, such as cadmium (Cd) stress. However, its function and role in resisting Cd phytotoxicity by leveraging plant antioxidant-scavenging, redox-regulating, and hormone-balancing systems have not been comprehensively and systematically demonstrated in the Cd-hyperaccumulating plant Brassica napus L. cv. Tammi (oilseed rape). In this study, the effects of exogenously applied GSH to the leaves of B. napus seedlings exposed to Cd (10 μM) were investigated. As a result, Cd stress alone significantly inhibited growth and increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the bioaccumulation of Cd in the seedlings compared with those in unstressed controls. Furthermore, Cd stress induced an imbalance in plant stress hormone levels and decreases in endogenous GSH levels and GSH redox ratios, which were correlated with reductions in ascorbate (AsA) and/or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) redox states. However, the exogenous application of GSH to Cd-stressed B. napus seedlings reduced Cd-induced ROS levels and enhanced antioxidant-scavenging defenses and redox regulation by both increasing seedling AsA, GSH, and NADPH concentrations and rebalancing stress hormones, thereby enhancing Cd uptake and accumulation. These results demonstrate that GSH improved plant redox status by upregulating the AsA-GSH-NADPH cycle and reestablishing normal hormonal balance. This indicates that exogenously applied GSH can mitigate Cd phytotoxicity in B. napus and possibly other plants. Therefore, GSH can potentially be applied to Cd-polluted soil for plant remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-il Jung
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Tae-Gu Lee
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Jinwook Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Chae
- Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Kim
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Goo-Bok Jung
- Division of Climate Change and Agroecology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Amoakwah Emmanuel
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Soil Research Institute, Academy Post Office, Kwadaso, Ghana
| | - Sangho Jeon
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sangho Jeon
| | - Bok-Rye Lee
- Asian Pear Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Bok-Rye Lee
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35
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Nguyen TQ, Sesin V, Kisiala A, Emery RJN. Phytohormonal Roles in Plant Responses to Heavy Metal Stress: Implications for Using Macrophytes in Phytoremediation of Aquatic Ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:7-22. [PMID: 33074580 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals can represent a threat to the health of aquatic ecosystems. Unlike organic chemicals, heavy metals cannot be eliminated by natural processes such as their degradation into less toxic compounds, and this creates unique challenges for their remediation from soil, water, and air. Phytoremediation, defined as the use of plants for the removal of environmental contaminants, has many benefits compared to other pollution-reducing methods. Phytoremediation is simple, efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly because it can be carried out at the polluted site, which simplifies logistics and minimizes exposure to humans and wildlife. Macrophytes represent a unique tool to remediate diverse environmental media because they can accumulate heavy metals from contaminated sediment via roots, from water via submerged leaves, and from air via emergent shoots. In this review, a synopsis is presented about how plants, especially macrophytes, respond to heavy metal stress; and we propose potential roles that phytohormones can play in the alleviation of metal toxicity in the aquatic environment. We focus on the uptake, translocation, and accumulation mechanisms of heavy metals in organs of macrophytes and give examples of how phytohormones interact with plant defense systems under heavy metal exposure. We advocate for a more in-depth understanding of these processes to inform more effective metal remediation techniques from metal-polluted water bodies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:7-22. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien Q Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Verena Sesin
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Kisiala
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - R J Neil Emery
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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36
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Szalai G, Tajti J, Hamow KÁ, Ildikó D, Khalil R, Vanková R, Dobrev P, Misheva SP, Janda T, Pál M. Molecular background of cadmium tolerance in Rht dwarf wheat mutant is related to a metabolic shift from proline and polyamine to phytochelatin synthesis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:23664-23676. [PMID: 32291640 PMCID: PMC7326835 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant height is among the most important agronomic traits influencing crop yield. Wheat lines carrying Rht genes are important in plant breeding due to their both higher yield capacity and better tolerance to certain environmental stresses. However, the effects of dwarf-inducing genes on stress acclimation mechanisms are still poorly understood. Under the present conditions, cadmium stress induced different stress responses and defence mechanisms in the wild-type and dwarf mutant, and the mutant with the Rht-B1c allele exhibited higher tolerance. In the wild type after cadmium treatment, the abscisic acid synthesis increased in the leaves, which in turn might have induced the polyamine and proline metabolisms in the roots. However, in the mutant line, the slight increment in the leaf abscisic acid content accompanied by relatively high salicylic acid accumulation was not sufficient to induce such a great accumulation of proline and putrescine. Although changes in proline and polyamines, especially putrescine, showed similar patterns, the accumulation of these compounds was antagonistically related to the phytochelatin synthesis in the roots of the wild type after cadmium stress. In the dwarf genotype, a favourable metabolic shift from the synthesis of polyamine and proline to that of phytochelatin was responsible for the higher cadmium tolerance observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Szalai
- Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Judit Tajti
- Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | | | - Denyicska Ildikó
- Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Radwan Khalil
- Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt
| | - Radomira Vanková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Svetlana P Misheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tibor Janda
- Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Magda Pál
- Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary.
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37
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Beshamgan ES, Sharifi M, Zarinkamar F. Crosstalk among polyamines, phytohormones, hydrogen peroxide, and phenylethanoid glycosides responses in Scrophularia striata to Cd stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 143:129-141. [PMID: 31493673 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to Cadmium (Cd) as a hazardous heavy metal through various mechanisms depending on their available metabolite resources. In this research, the physiological and signaling pathways mediating the responses to Cd stress in Scrophularia striata seedlings were characterized after they were exposed to different Cd concentrations at different time periods. The results showed that the polyamines (PAs), Abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents were significantly enhanced at 48 h. Moreover, the enzyme activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) as regulator enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway was increased, related to the reinforcement of phenolic compounds such as phenylethanoid glycosides (as a special compound of this plant). This metabolic profiling indicates that the signal transduction of Cd stress increased the activity of different enzymes (PAL and TAL) by regulating the PAs metabolism, the modulation of ABA, and the H2O2 content. As a result, it caused the accumulation of phenolic compounds, especially echinacoside and acteoside, both of which are required to improve the response of Cd stress in S. striata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Sadat Beshamgan
- Center of Excellence in Medicinal Plant Metabolites, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Sharifi
- Center of Excellence in Medicinal Plant Metabolites, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Zarinkamar
- Center of Excellence in Medicinal Plant Metabolites, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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38
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Taie HAA, Seif El-Yazal MA, Ahmed SMA, Rady MM. Polyamines modulate growth, antioxidant activity, and genomic DNA in heavy metal-stressed wheat plant. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:22338-22350. [PMID: 31154641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A pot experiment was performed to assess the useful effects of seed soaking or seedling foliar spray using 0.25 mM spermine (Spm), 0.50 mM spermidine (Spd), or 1 mM putrescine (Put) on heavy metal tolerance in wheat plants irrigated with water contaminated by cadmium (2 mM Cd2+ in CdCl2) or lead (2 mM Pb2+ in PbCl2). Cd2+ or Pb2+ presence in the growth medium resulted in significant reductions in growth and yield characteristics and activities of leaf peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of wheat plants. In contrast, significant increases were observed for Cd2+ content in roots, leaves and grains, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, radical scavenging activity (DPPH), reducing power capacity, and fragmentation in DNA in comparison to controls (without Cd2+ or Pb2+ addition). However, treating the Cd2+- or Pb2+-stressed wheat plants with Spm, Spd, or Put, either by seed soaking or foliar spray, significantly improved growth and yield characteristics and activities of POD, GR, AAO, PPO, SOD, and CAT, DPPH, and reducing power capacity in wheat plants. In contrast, Cd2+ levels in roots, leaves, and yielded grains, and fragmentation in DNA were significantly reduced compared with the stressed (with Cd2+ or Pb2+) controls. Generally, seed soaking treatments were more effective than foliar spray treatments. More specifically, seed priming in Put was the best treatment under heavy metal stress. Results of this study recommend using polyamines, especially Put, as seed soaking to relieve the adverse effects of heavy metals in wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A A Taie
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Safia M A Ahmed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt.
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Hasanuzzaman M, Alhaithloul HAS, Parvin K, Bhuyan MHMB, Tanveer M, Mohsin SM, Nahar K, Soliman MH, Mahmud JA, Fujita M. Polyamine Action under Metal/Metalloid Stress: Regulation of Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Molecular Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133215. [PMID: 31261998 PMCID: PMC6651247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are found in all living organisms and serve many vital physiological processes. In plants, PAs are ubiquitous in plant growth, physiology, reproduction, and yield. In the last decades, PAs have been studied widely for exploring their function in conferring abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and metal/metalloid toxicity) tolerance. The role of PAs in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanism and subsequent oxidative stress tolerance in plants is well-evident. However, the enzymatic regulation in PAs biosynthesis and metabolism is still under research and widely variable under various stresses and plant types. Recently, exogenous use of PAs, such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, was found to play a vital role in enhancing stress tolerance traits in plants. Polyamines also interact with other molecules like phytohormones, nitric oxides, trace elements, and other signaling molecules to providing coordinating actions towards stress tolerance. Due to the rapid industrialization metal/metalloid(s) contamination in the soil and subsequent uptake and toxicity in plants causes the most significant yield loss in cultivated plants, which also hamper food security. Finding the ways in enhancing tolerance and remediation mechanism is one of the critical tasks for plant biologists. In this review, we will focus the recent update on the roles of PAs in conferring metal/metalloid(s) tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Khursheda Parvin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Response, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - M H M Borhannuddin Bhuyan
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Response, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
- Citrus Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Jaintapur, Sylhet 3156, Bangladesh
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- Stress Physiology Research Group, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, 7005 Hobart, Australia
| | - Sayed Mohammad Mohsin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Response, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mona H Soliman
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science Yanbu, Taibah University, Al-Sharm, Yanbu El-Bahr, Yanbu 46429, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Jubayer Al Mahmud
- Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Response, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
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40
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Tajti J, Janda T, Majláth I, Szalai G, Pál M. Comparative study on the effects of putrescine and spermidine pre-treatment on cadmium stress in wheat. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:546-554. [PMID: 29127816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In several cases a correlation was found between polyamines and abiotic stress tolerance. However, the individual polyamines may have different effects, which also vary depending on the type of treatment. When applied as seed soaking or added hydroponically 0.5mM putrescine and spermidine, different changes were induced during 50µM cadmium stress in wheat plants. Seed-soaked plants were exposed to cadmium immediately after germination for 5 days, while plants pre-treated with polyamines hydroponically were stressed at age of 14 days for 7 days. Putrescine pre-treatment was beneficial both as seed soaking and applied hydroponically, while spermidine only had a protective effect in the case of seed soaking, enhancing the Cd-induced oxidative stress when were pre-treated hydroponically. The differences observed were related to the polyamine metabolism. The accumulation of endogenous putrescine beyond a certain amount may be in relation with the negative effect of hydroponic spermidine pre-treatment during Cd stress. The increased putrescine content was also correlated with the highest accumulation of Cd, salicylic acid and proline contents in plants treated with a combination of spermidine and Cd. However, the expression level of the gene encoding phytochelatin synthase was only influenced by hydroponically applied spermidine, which decreased it under cadmium stress. Changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, diamine and polyamine oxidases were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Tajti
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, POB 19, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, POB 19, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Imre Majláth
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, POB 19, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, POB 19, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Magda Pál
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, POB 19, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
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41
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Dahro B, Wang F, Peng T, Liu JH. PtrA/NINV, an alkaline/neutral invertase gene of Poncirus trifoliata, confers enhanced tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses by modulating ROS levels and maintaining photosynthetic efficiency. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 27025596 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkaline/neutral invertase (A/N-INV), an enzyme that hydrolyzes sucrose irreversibly into glucose and fructose, is essential for normal plant growth,development, and stress tolerance. However, the physiological and/or molecular mechanism underpinning the role of A/N-INV in abiotic stress tolerance is poorly understood. RESULTS In this report, an A/N-INV gene (PtrA/NINV) was isolated from Poncirus trifoliata, a cold-hardy relative of citrus, and functionally characterized. PtrA/NINV expression levels were induced by cold, salt, dehydration, sucrose, and ABA, but decreased by glucose. PtrA/NINV was found to localize in both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Overexpression of PtrA/NINV conferred enhanced tolerance to multiple stresses, including cold, high salinity, and drought, as supported by lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced oxidative damages, decreased water loss rate, and increased photosynthesis efficiency, relative to wild-type (WT). The transgenic plants exhibited higher A/N-INV activity and greater reducing sugar content under normal and stress conditions. CONCLUSIONS PtrA/NINV is an important gene implicated in sucrose decomposition, and plays a positive role in abiotic stress tolerance by promoting osmotic adjustment, ROS detoxification and photosynthesis efficiency. Thus, PtrA/NINV has great potential to be used in transgenic breeding for improvement of stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachar Dahro
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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