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Bai M, Du C, Zhao Y, Wang D, Zhang W, Qiu P. Process exploration for scale melting and solidifying of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash by horizontal cyclone melting furnace. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 189:127-136. [PMID: 39186920 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
This study used the horizontal tubular heating furnace to explore the melting potential of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) incinerator fly ash and mechanical grate furnace (MGF) incinerator fly ash. The horizontal cyclone melting furnace was then built to explore further the feasibility of scale melting of MSWI fly ash. The melting characteristic temperature, amorphous content, and heavy metal leaching concentration characterized the melting potential and solidification effect of MSWI fly ash. The experimental results show that the amorphous content of CFB fly ash after melting is up to 92.37%, and the volatilization rate of heavy metals Zn, Pb, and Ni does not exceed 30%. MGF fly ash exhibits the "sintering into shells" phenomenon during heating, and the leaching concentrations of heavy metals Pb in the sintered products still exceed the standard limits. In addition, the volatilization rates of heavy metals Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni in Slag II are above 50%, and the volatilization rate of Cr reaches 85%. So, slag's amorphous content also affects heavy metals' volatilization rate. The MSWI fly ash melting characteristic temperature decreases with the decrease of alkalinity value. When the alkalinity value drops to 0.6, the melting characteristic temperature reaches its lowest value. Mixing 80% CFB fly ash or 50% MGF bottom ash into MGF fly ash can significantly enhance the melting potential to reduce hazardous waste. When using the horizontal cyclone melting furnace to process MSWI fly ash on a large scale, MSWI fly ash achieves an excellent melting effect with an amorphous content of over 93% at the positions of the furnace middle section, inner tail cone, slag discharge outlet, and flue gas outlet. The fly ash particles are in motion in the melting furnace, so the particle size distribution affects the melting effect of MSWI fly ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglong Bai
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Chuanming Du
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yijun Zhao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Dawei Wang
- Wuhan Industrial Investment Holdings Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, P. R. China
| | - Wenda Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Penghua Qiu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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Yang D, Kow KW, Wang W, Meredith W, Zhang G, Mao Y, Xu M. Co-treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and alumina-/silica-containing waste: A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 479:135677. [PMID: 39226688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) is a hazardous by-product of the incineration process, characterized by elevated levels of heavy metals, chlorides, and dioxins. With a composition high in calcium but low in silicon/aluminum, MSWI-FA exhibits a poor immobilization effect, high energy demands, and limited pozzolanic activity when it is disposed of or reutilized alone. Conversely, alumina-/silica-containing waste (ASW) presents a chemical composition rich in SiO2 and/or Al2O3, offering an opportunity for synergistic treatment with MSWI-FA to facilitate its harmless disposal and resource recovery. Despite the growing interest in co-treatment of MSWI-FA and ASW in recent years, a comprehensive evaluation of ASW's roles in this process remains absent from the existing literature. Therefore, this study endeavors to examine the advancement in the co-treatment of MSWI-FA and ASW, with the focus on three key aspects, i.e., elucidating the immobilization mechanisms by which ASW improves the solidification/stabilization of MSWI-FA, exploring the synergies between MSWI-FA and ASW in various thermal and mechanochemical treatments, and highlighting the benefits of incorporating ASW in the production of MSWI-FA-based building materials. Additionally, in the pursuit of sustainable solid waste management, this review identifies research gaps and delineates future prospects for the co-treatment of MSWI-FA and ASW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daokui Yang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Kien-Woh Kow
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Will Meredith
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England, UK
| | - Guanlin Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanpeng Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China.
| | - Mengxia Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China.
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Yao X, Jiao F, Gao S, Hu Y, Liu T, Zhang Y, Mao L, Wu C, Li H, Dong Z. Co-melting mechanisms for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash with fine slag from coal gasification and coal gangue. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 367:122035. [PMID: 39106796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Vitrification is a promising treatment for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA); however, high energy consumption due to the high MSWI-FA fusion temperature limits the development and application of this technique. In this study, fine slag ash (FSA) derived from coal gasification and coal gangue ash (CGA) were mixed with MSWI-FA to reduce the ash fusion temperature. The transformation of minerals in ash during thermal treatment was examined via X-ray diffraction and thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. The ash flow behaviour was observed using a thermal platform microscope, and the silicate structure was quantified using Raman spectra. The co-melting mechanisms for the mixed ash were systematically investigated. Results indicate that the flow temperature (FT) of the mixed ash exhibited an initial decrease and subsequent increase as a function of the addition ratio of FSA or CGA. Lowest ash FT of 1215 °C and 1223 °C were recorded for addition of 50% FSA and 50% CGA, respectively; further, these temperatures were lowered by > 285 °C and >277 °C respectively, relative to FT of the MSWI-FA. The transformation of minerals and silicate structure during mixed ash heating was responsible for the variation in the ash fusion temperature. CaO in MSWI-FA tended to react with mullite, quartz and haematite in FSA and CGA, forming minerals such as anorthite, gehlenite, and andradite with relatively low melting points. The addition of FSA or CGA caused changes in the silicate network structure of the mixed ash. In particular, 50% FSA incorporation caused the transformation of Q4 and Q3 to Q2, whereas 50% CGA introduction resulted in the conversion of Q4 and Q2 into Q3 and Q1 + Q0, respectively. The silicate network depolymerised, causing reduction in the ash fusion temperature and increasing the melting rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Yao
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, PR China
| | - Facun Jiao
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, PR China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Modern Coal Processing Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, PR China.
| | - Shengtao Gao
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, PR China
| | - Yunhu Hu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, 232001, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, PR China
| | - Yuanchun Zhang
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, PR China
| | - Lirui Mao
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, PR China
| | - Chengli Wu
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, PR China
| | - Hanxu Li
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, PR China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Modern Coal Processing Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, PR China
| | - Zhongbing Dong
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, PR China
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Jamalimoghadam M, Vakili AH, Keskin I, Totonchi A, Bahmyari H. Solidification and utilization of municipal solid waste incineration ashes: Advancements in alkali-activated materials and stabilization techniques, a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 367:122014. [PMID: 39098066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Researchers are actively investigating methodologies for the detoxification and utilization of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSWIBA) and Fly Ash (MSWIFA), given their potential as alkali-activated materials (AAMs) with low energy consumption. Recent studies highlight that AAMs from MSWIFA and MSWIBA demonstrate significant durability in both acidic and alkaline environments. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the processes for producing MSWIFA and MSWIBA, evaluating innovative engineering stabilization techniques such as graphene nano-platelets and lightweight artificial cold-bonded aggregates, along with their respective advantages and limitations. Additionally, this review meticulously incorporates relevant reactions. Recommendations are also presented to guide future research endeavors aimed at refining these methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jamalimoghadam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Marvdasht Branch, Azad Islamic University, Marvdasht, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Vakili
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zand Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Inan Keskin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Arash Totonchi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Marvdasht Branch, Azad Islamic University, Marvdasht, Iran
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Tao J, Li Z, Chen C, Liang R, Wu S, Lin F, Cheng Z, Yan B, Chen G. Intelligent technologies powering clean incineration of municipal solid waste: A system review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173082. [PMID: 38740220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cleanliness has been paramount for municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) systems. In recent years, the rapid advancement of intelligent technologies has fostered unprecedented opportunities for enhancing the cleanliness of MSWI systems. This paper offers a review and analysis of cutting-edge intelligent technologies in MSWI, which include process monitoring, intelligent algorithms, combustion control, flue gas treatment, and particulate control. The objective is to summarize current applications of these techniques and to forecast future directions. Regarding process monitoring, intelligent image analysis has facilitated real-time tracking of combustion conditions. For intelligent algorithms, machine learning models have shown advantages in accurately forecasting key process parameters and pollutant concentrations. In terms of combustion control, intelligent systems have achieved consistent prediction and regulation of temperature, oxygen content, and other parameters. Intelligent monitoring and forecasting of carbon monoxide and dioxins for flue gas treatment have exhibited satisfactory performance. Concerning particulate control, multi-objective optimization facilitates the sustainable utilization of fly ash. Despite remarkable progress, challenges remain in improving process stability and monitoring instrumentation of intelligent MSWI technologies. By systematically summarizing current applications, this timely review offers valuable insights into the future upgrade of intelligent MSWI systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Tao
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Lab for Environment & Energy, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Zaixin Li
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Lab for Environment & Energy, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Rui Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Lab for Environment & Energy, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Fawei Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhanjun Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Wastes Utilization, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Wastes Utilization, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Lab for Environment & Energy, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China.
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Srivastava RR, Nandikes G, Ilyas S, Pathak P, Rajak DK. Towards a low-emission resource circulation of valuable metals from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172657. [PMID: 38649041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The incineration fly ash (IFA) resulting from municipal solid waste combustion is laden with heavy metals, necessitating proper treatment not only for environmental management but also to reclaim the metal values. The surge in non-traditional metals like cobalt as emerging contaminant within IFA samples further attracts to address this issue. In response, the hydrometallurgical recycling of a cobalt-bearing IFA has been studied. Thereby, approximately 98 % zinc and 96 % cobalt were leached using a 1.0 mol/L H2SO4 solution at 90 °C and 1 h of leaching time. In-depth analysis of the leaching process unveiled metals' dissolution primarily via the ion-exclusion mechanism, as evidenced by lower diffusion coefficients (between 10-9 and 10-11 m2/s) and activation energies (9.6-14.9 kJ/mol). Above 99 % separation of zinc from the cobalt-bearing leach liquor was achieved by extraction with 1.0 mol/L D2EHPA at an equilibrium pH below 3.0, followed by stripping with a 2.0 mol/L H2SO4 solution. Cobalt, remained in the raffinate was efficiently precipitated by adding a 20 % excess dosage of oxalic acid to the stoichiometric ratio of C2O42-:Co2+, resulting in only 5 mg/L cobalt left in the solution when precipitation occurred at a pH of 2.8. Additionally, the conversion of CoC2O4 to high-purity Co3O4 was conducted through heat-treatment at 600 °C. The resulting Co3O4 was mixed with Li2CO3 at a Li/Co molar ratio of 1.1, yielding a LiCoO2 precursor that exhibited good electrochemical properties with a capacity of 128 mAh/g, thus affirming the high quality of the recycled cobalt. A comprehensive life-cycle assessment of the recycling process revealed that cobalt precipitation alone contributes approximately 50 % of the total global warming potential (GWP = 4.2624 kg CO2-eq). Notably, this value is remarkably lower than the GWP reported for primary cobalt production, highlighting the environmentally-friendly approach of this recycling endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Ranjan Srivastava
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Resource Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Gopa Nandikes
- Resource Management Lab, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, SRM University-AP, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
| | - Sadia Ilyas
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Process Metallurgy, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden.
| | - Pankaj Pathak
- Resource Management Lab, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, SRM University-AP, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Rajak
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel 45200, Nepal
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Qi W, Geng C, Zhu F, Zhang C, Du B, Ji Y, Wang F, Zhang S, Liu J. Complementary vitrification of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash from grate furnaces and fluidised bed incinerators via a co-reduction process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 184:92-100. [PMID: 38805759 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The increasing application of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) emphasises the need for MSWI fly ash (FA) safe treatment. Based on the compositional complementarity of FA from grate furnaces (G-FA) and fluidised bed incinerators (F-FA), we proposed a co-reduction process to treat G-FA and F-FA together for producing vitrified slag and ferroalloys. The clean vitrified slag and Fe-Cr-Ni-Cu alloy were obtained with the mass ratios of 1:9 ∼ 6:4 (G-FA:F-FA) at 1300℃, which is about 300℃ lower than the conventional G-FA vitrification. The metals Zn, Cd, and Pb were mostly volatilised into the flue gas for potential recovery from the secondary FA. The thermodynamic SiO2-Al2O3-CaO ternary system demonstrated that an optimal mass ratio of the two complementary FA types contributes to the system shifting to the low-temperature melting zone. The co-reduction process of G-FA and F-FA could be a promising option for FA beneficial reutilization with environmental advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Qi
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Chao Geng
- School of Civil Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bing Du
- Beijing Capital Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., First Branch, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Shizhao Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Huang J, Jin Y, Chu X, Shu Z, Ma X, Liu J. Recovery of lead and chlorine via thermal co-treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and lead-rich waste cathode-ray tubes: Analysis of chlorination volatilization mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132752. [PMID: 37866147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new lead (Pb) and chlorine (Cl) recovery process via the thermal co-treatment of Municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration fly ash (FA) and waste cathode-ray tubes (CRT) was developed and the synergistic effects under different CRT ratios, temperatures, and residence times were comprehensively investigated. Thermogravimetric experiments revealed that the co-processing of FA and CRT exhibited a remarkable synergistic effect as evidenced by the considerable increase in mass loss and mass-loss rate when compared with the theoretical values. When the mixtures with 50% CRT addition was treated at 1200 °C for 60 min, Pb removal rate reached the maximum value of 98.67%, and the Cl removal rate considerably increased by 37.32% compared to that with FA treatment alone. Additionally, the Cl content in the residue was < 2%. It was mainly attributed to the volatilization of chlorides, such as PbCl2, NaCl, and KCl. CaCl2 generated from the decomposition of CaClOH in FA was conducive to improve Pb removal in CRT through indirect chlorination and destroying the glass structure in CRT. Co-processing of FA and CRT demonstrates promising potential for several benefits, including the reduction in melting temperature, recovery of Pb and Cl from secondary fly ash, and the reutilization of calcium-rich slag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Huang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiying Jin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xu Chu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhifei Shu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinxin Ma
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Huang J, Jin Y. Fate of Cl and chlorination mechanism during municipal solid waste incineration fly ash reutilization using thermal treatment: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:3320-3342. [PMID: 38100022 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Safe and sustainable treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) is urgently needed worldwide because of its high heavy metals, dioxin, and chlorine (Cl) contents. Thermal treatment is widely considered as a promising method for treating MSWI FA owing to its high toxic content removal efficiency and resource recovery; however, residual Cl is a concurrent critical problem faced during reutilisation of thermal treatment products. This review summarises the innovative thermal treatment methods of MSWI FA, such as those employed in production of cement, lightweight aggregates, glass slag, and metal alloys. The characteristics of Cl in MSWI FA, removal rate, transformation of water-soluble Cl into water-insoluble Cl, and the effect of different influencing factors such as temperature, composition, superheated steam, and mechanical pressure were analysed. The volatilization and decomposition of NaCl, KCl and CaClOH dominates Cl removal; however, the degradation of organic Cl and heavy metal chlorination volatilization process that generate HCl and heavy metal chlorides, respectively, also contributed to Cl removal. To promote the reutilisation of MSWI FA-based products, the leaching behaviour of residual Cl in products obtained by different thermal treatments was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Huang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yiying Jin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Nie Z, Zhao Q, Zhao Q, Li Y, Yang D, Liu H, Yang S, Li J, Tian S, Li C, Tie C, Huang J, Ning P. Red mud with enhanced dealkalization performance by supercritical water technology for efficient SO 2 capture. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118469. [PMID: 37393878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The total de-alkalization treatment of industrial solid waste red mud (RM) has been a worldwide challenge. Removing the insoluble structural alkali fraction from RM is the key to enhancing the sustainable utilization of RM resources. In this paper, supercritical water (SCW) and leaching agents were used for the first time to de-alkalize the Bayer RM and to remove sulfur dioxide (SO2) from flue gas with the de-alkalized RM slurry. The results showed that the optimum alkali removal and Fe leaching rates of RM-CaO-SW slurry were 97.90 ± 0.88% and 82.70 ± 0.95%, respectively. Results confirmed that the SCW technique accelerated the disruption of (Al-O) and (Si-O) bonds and the structural disintegration of aluminosilicate minerals, facilitating the conversion of insoluble structural alkalis to soluble chemical alkalis. The exchangeable Ca2+ displaced Na+ in the remaining insoluble base, producing soluble sodium salts or alkalis. CaO consumed SiO2, which was tightly bound to Fe2O3 in RM, and released Fe2O3, which promoted Fe leaching. RM-SCW showed the best desulfurization performance, which maintained 88.99 ± 0.0020% at 450 min, followed by RM-CaO-SW (450 min, 60.75 ± 6.00%) and RM (180 min, 88.52% ± 0.00068). The neutralization of alkaline components, the redox of metal oxides, and the liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of Fe contributed to the excellent desulfurization performance of the RM-SCW slurry. A promising approach shown in this study is beneficial to RM waste use, SO2 pollution control, and sustainable growth of the aluminum industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Nie
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, China.
| | - Qun Zhao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, China.
| | - Qilin Zhao
- Yunnan Environmental Monitoring Center, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650034, China.
| | - Yingjie Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, China.
| | - Dian Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, China.
| | - Huaying Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, China.
| | - Shupu Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, China
| | - Jie Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, China.
| | - Senlin Tian
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, China.
| | - Chen Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, China.
| | - Cheng Tie
- Yunnan Environmental Monitoring Center, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650034, China.
| | - Jianhong Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, China.
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, China.
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11
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Tian X, Liu K, Yang X, Jiang T, Chen B, Tian Z, Wu J, Xia L, Huang D, Peng H. Synthesis of metakaolin-based geopolymer foamed materials using municipal solid waste incineration fly ash as a foaming agent. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 169:101-111. [PMID: 37421822 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The existence of metallic aluminum in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) makes it challenging to recycle MSWIFA into cement materials because expansion occurs in the resultant matrices. Geopolymer-foamed materials (GFMs) are gaining attention in the field of porous materials due to their high-temperature stability, low thermal conductivity and low CO2 emission. This work aimed to utilize MSWIFA as a foaming agent to synthesize GFMs. The physical properties, pore structure, compressive strength and thermal conductivity were analyzed to assess different GFMs which were synthesized with various MSWIFA and stabilizing agent dosages. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were conducted to characterize the phase transformation of the GFMs. Results showed that when MSWIFA content was increased from 20 to 50%, the porosity of GFMs increased from 63.5 to 73.7%, and bulk density decreased from 890 to 690 kg/m3. The addition of stabilizing agent could trap the foam, refine the cell size, and homogenize the cell size range. With the stabilizing agent increase from 0 to 4%, the porosity increased from 69.9 to 76.8%, and the bulk density decreased from 800 to 620 kg/m3. The thermal conductivity decreased with increasing MSWIFA from 20 to 50%, and stabilizing agent dosage from 0 to 4%. Compared with the collected data from references, a higher compressive strength can be obtained at the same level of thermal conductivity for GFMs synthesized with MSWIFA as a foaming agent. Additionally, the foaming effect of MSWIFA results from the H2 release. The addition of MSWIFA changed both the crystal phase and gel composition, whereas the stabilizing agent dosage had little impact on the phase composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tian
- School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Kuizhou Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Xuetong Yang
- Research Group LIWET, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Sint-Martens-Latemlaan 2B 5, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Tianyong Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Bohao Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Zhongchu Tian
- School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Doctorado Institucional de Ingeniería y Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Av. Sierra Leona 530, San Luis Potosi 78210, Mexico
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Dunwen Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Hui Peng
- School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
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12
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Kyu Choi M, Kang JH, Yoon YS, Yoo HM, Seok Choi H. Evaluating the recycling potential of ashes discharged from waste incineration facilities and its dependency on pretreatment efficiency in Korea. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 167:141-149. [PMID: 37267877 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The amount of incineration ash (IA) is expected to increase in South Korea from the rapidly rising numbers and operation capacities of incineration facilities; therefore, it remains necessary to establish measurements for the enhanced recycling and circularity of IA. This study established a database of hazardous substances in IA by compiling discharge data and survey results from domestic incineration facilities, along with literature survey values. The recycling potential of IA was assessed considering leaching reduction efficiency of various pretreatment methods. In particular, 98.2% of bottom ash and 49.0% of fly ash satisfied the IA recycling criteria after melting. Also, when mixed at a ratio of ∼ 78:22 natural soil to IA, the resulting material was usable for media-contact recycling by meeting the heavy metal content criteria of the Soil Environment Conservation Act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Kyu Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, South Korea
| | - Jang-Hyun Kang
- Department of Environmental Resources Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Seogu, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Young-Sam Yoon
- Department of Environmental Resources Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Seogu, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Heung-Min Yoo
- Department of Environmental Resources Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Seogu, Incheon 22689, South Korea.
| | - Hang Seok Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, South Korea.
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13
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Yuan Z, Cai G, Gao L, Wu M, Kong L, Bai J, Bai Z, Li H, Li W. The physical encapsulation and chemical fixation of Zn during thermal treatment process of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 166:203-210. [PMID: 37182253 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Thermal treatment is a promising treatment technology of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash because of its detoxication and volume reduction. However, the relationship between immobilization of heavy metals and mineral transformation during thermal treatment remains unclear. In this study, the immobilization mechanism of Zn during thermal treatment process of MSWI fly ash was investigated by experiment and calculation. The results show that addition of SiO2 facilitates transition of dominant minerals from melilite to anorthite during sintering, increases liquid content during melting and improves liquid polymerization degree during vitrification. ZnCl2 tends to be physically encapsulated by liquid phase, and ZnO is mainly chemically fixed into minerals at high temperature. Increase in both liquid content and liquid polymerization degree favors the physical encapsulation of ZnCl2. The decreasing order of chemical fixation ability of minerals to ZnO is spinel > melilite > liquid > anorthite. To better immobilize Zn during sintering and vitrification process chemical composition of MSWI fly ash should be located in melilite and anorthite primary phases of pseudo-ternary phase diagram, respectively. The results are helpful to understand immobilization mechanism of heavy metals and avoid volatilization of heavy metals during thermal treatment process of MSWI fly ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongshuai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Guangkai Cai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Longfei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Lingxue Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.
| | - Jin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Zongqing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Huaizhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
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14
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhong J, Wei F, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Qian G. Footprints in compositions, PCDD/Fs and heavy metals in medical waste fly ash: Large-scale evidence from 17 medical waste thermochemical disposal facilities across China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130471. [PMID: 36455320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemical compositions, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) profiles and heavy metals (HMs) leachability of medical waste fly ash (MWFA) from 17 thermochemical treatment facilities in eight Chinese provinces were first investigated. Large-scale and extended monitoring revealed high chloride and Zn contents and similar PCDD/Fs congener profiles in MWFA. Particularly, the PCDD/Fs and HMs concentrations implied greater toxicity than that observed for municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash (MSWIFA). The maximum international toxic equivalent value of PCDD/Fs in MWFA was 40 times that of MSWIFA, and the leaching concentrations of Zn and Hg were 15 and 4 times those of MSWIFA, respectively. Notably, MWFA characteristics suggest the possibility of recycling and sustainable disposal solutions owing to the high Cl and Zn content with good recovery instead of landfill disposal. Similarities in chemical composition, PCDD/Fs homolog distribution, and water-solubility of chloride salts allows co-processing of MWFA and MSWIFA via water-washing detoxification and thermal treatment, such as that used in cement kilns. This study supplements existing literature on the characteristics and risk management of MWFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 381 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey, 930 Lingshi Rd, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 381 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Juan Xu
- Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 1 Yuhui South Road, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jiangping Zhong
- Shanghai Solid Waste Disposal Center, 2491 Jiazhu Road, Shanghai 201815, China.
| | - Feng Wei
- Shanghai Solid Waste Disposal Center, 2491 Jiazhu Road, Shanghai 201815, China.
| | - Jia Zhang
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 381 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yang Zheng
- Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 1 Yuhui South Road, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Guangren Qian
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 381 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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15
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Liu X, Zou Y, Geng R, Li B, Zhu T. Red mud recycling by Fe and Al recovery through the hydrometallurgy method: a collaborative strategy for aluminum and iron industry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:43377-43386. [PMID: 36656474 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a collaborative strategy for the aluminum and iron industry based on red mud recycling through the hydrometallurgy method was proposed. In this method, Fe3+ and Al3+ were firstly separated from the red mud by using H2SO4 as a leaching agent, which was by-produced from the sintering process of an iron and steel industry. Multiple influence factors on the leaching process were investigated, with the H2SO4 addition amount showing the strongest influence on the leaching rates of Al and Fe. The main components of the filter residue were CaSO4, TiO2, and SiO2, which could be reused as additives in the building materials. Subsequently, the final Fe recovery product was obtained through the co-precipitation, Fe/Al separation, and Fe(OH)3 calcination. In the final product, the content of Fe2O3 reached 82.87%, and the iron grade was 58.01%, meeting the requirement being raw materials for sinter production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Yang Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ran Geng
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Bin Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Tingyu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Institute of Urban Environment, Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
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16
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Cao X, Zhang Q, Yang W, Fang L, Liu S, Ma R, Guo K, Ma N. Lead-chlorine synergistic immobilization mechanism in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA)-based magnesium potassium phosphate cement. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130038. [PMID: 36166907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The high chlorine (Cl) and lead (Pb) content characteristics of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) pose environmental risks and hinder resource utilization. Herein, an MSWIFA-based magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) preparation strategy was developed, which allowed the MSWIFA recycling and the Pb-Cl synergistic immobilization without the washing pretreatment. The compressive strength of the resulting 10 wt% MSWIFA-based MKPC was 28.44 MPa, with over 99.2% reduction in leaching toxicity of Pb and Cl. The high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope (HAADF-STEM) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analyzes showed that Pb, phosphate and Cl- formed Pb5(PO4)3Cl in MKPC. In-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests showed that Pb3(PO4)2 was gradually transformed to Pb5(PO4)3Cl through a dissolution-precipitation process. The formation energy, Bader charge, charge density difference and density of states (DOS) of Pb5(PO4)3Cl were analyzed by first-principles calculations, confirming that Pb5(PO4)3Cl was more thermodynamically stable than Pb3(PO4)2 and PbCl2 and that electronic interactions between Pb-p, O-p, P-p and Cl-p orbits were the origin of Pb-Cl synergistic immobilization. This work provides a new strategy for the resource utilization of MSWIFA without washing pretreatment, and provides an in-depth understanding of the Pb-Cl synergistic immobilization mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Cao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qiushi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Weichen Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lin Fang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ning Ma
- China Electronic System Engineering Co.,Ltd, Beijing 100040, China
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17
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Gan M, Xing J, Tang Q, Ji Z, Fan X, Zheng H, Sun Z, Chen X. Basic Research on Co-treatment of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash and Municipal Sludge for Energy-Saving Melting. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:45153-45164. [PMID: 36530302 PMCID: PMC9753491 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
MSWI fly ash and municipal sludge are solid wastes. Melting vitrification treatment was a resource utilization method. However, the flow temperature of grate furnace MSWI fly ash and municipal sludge was high (>1325 °C), which increased the energy consumption in the melting process. MSWI fly ash contained a large amount of CaO, and municipal sludge contained a large amount of SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3. The temperature of melting vitrification can be reduced using these two kinds of CITY garbage as raw materials to change the proportion of ingredients. The eutectic characteristics of MSWI fly ash and municipal sludge and the phase diagrams of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 (C-S-A) and CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3 (C-S-A-F) were analyzed in this paper. It established a low melting point mixing system. The results showed that when the amount of municipal sludge was 50-70%, the flow temperature of the mixtures was <1215 °C, which was significantly lower than that of MSWI fly ash (1490 °C) and municipal sludge (1325 °C). The optimal range of low melting point components was 14.1-36.3% CaO, 21.6-40.4% SiO2, 6.7-12.6% Al2O3, and 6.3-11.4% Fe2O3. At 400-1400 °C, the minerals in the mixtures mainly changed as follows: CaCO3 + SiO2 + Al2O3 → Ca2SiO4 + Ca3SiO5 + Ca2Al2SiO7 + Ca3Al2O6 + Ca12Al14O33 → CaAl2Si2O8. In the melting experiment, with the increase in temperature, most of the phases in the mixtures might become amorphous. Therefore, the low melting point phase anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8) only accounted for a small part of the final molten product.
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18
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Wang Y, Huang X, Wang W, Wu T. The Distribution Pattern and Leaching Toxicity of Heavy Metals in Glass Ceramics from MSWI Fly Ash and Andesite Tailings. TOXICS 2022; 10:774. [PMID: 36548607 PMCID: PMC9784793 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The leaching of heavy metals (HMs) is the key factor affecting the resource utilization of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash. A novel fly ash and andesite-tailings-based (FAAT) glass ceramic is prepared with the full-component utilization of MSWI fly ash and andesite tailings. The effects of the content and distribution state of HMs on their leaching toxicity are studied by performing a sequential extraction procedure and leaching toxicity test. The results show that the MSWI fly ash content greatly impacts the HMs' leaching toxicity in glass ceramics. Thus, the addition of MSWI fly ash must be maintained at below 20% so as to meet the class III groundwater standard. Furthermore, the different distribution states of Zn and Cr also affect their leaching toxicity. Zn suits the requirements for leaching toxicity only in a 2080c sample, while Cr fulfills the class III groundwater standard for all the glass ceramics. Since this finding is mismatched with the calculated potential ecological risk index of glass ceramics, the latter can only be used as a reference. Therefore, the results of the present study are of great significance in the vitrification application of MSWI fly ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongya Wang
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Huzhou College, Huzhou 313000, China
- Department of Material Chemistry, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Huzhou College, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Material Chemistry, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
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19
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Liu C, Gu J, Zhou S, Qian B, Etschmann B, Liu JZ, Yu D, Zhang L. Silica-assisted pyro-hydrolysis of CaCl 2 waste for the recovery of hydrochloric acid (HCl): Reaction pathways with the evolution of Ca(OH)Cl intermediate by experimental investigation and DFT modelling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129620. [PMID: 35908397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The chlorine evolution mechanism remains unclear during the thermal treatment of CaCl2/Ca(OH)Cl-containing solid waste. In this paper, we have conducted both experimental investigation and density functional theory (DFT) calculation to elucidate the mechanism of pyro-hydrolysis of CaCl2 with and without SiO2 in the temperature ranges of 400-900 °C. It was determined that pyro-hydrolysis of CaCl2 alone generated a maximum of 12% HCl by decomposition into Ca(OH)Cl, which is a stable intermediate that can be reverted to CaCl2 at 800 °C. Upon the addition of SiO2 at an equimolar ratio to CaCl2, the HCl release extent was accelerated to 50% at 900 °C. Both experiments and DFT calculations prove that the added SiO2 can promote the dissociation of water molecules which provides hydroxyl ions that enable the conversion of CaCl2 into Ca(OH)Cl at low temperatures. The resulting Ca(OH)Cl can also quickly react with SiO2 to form Cl-bearing silicates such as Ca2SiO3Cl2 and Ca3SiO4Cl2 with weakened CaCl bond that are relatively easy to cleave into Cl-free CaSiO3 and HCl(g) from 800 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jinxing Gu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Song Zhou
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Binbin Qian
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Barbara Etschmann
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jefferson Zhe Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Dunxi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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20
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Zhao XY, Yang JY, Ning N, Yang ZS. Chemical stabilization of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:40384-40402. [PMID: 35338465 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient attention should be attached to the large amount of fly ash containing high levels of toxic heavy metals generated after municipal solid waste incineration. Because heavy metals could be leached out of the fly ash under specific conditions, it is necessary to stabilize the heavy metals in fly ash before landfill disposal. Processing technologies of incineration fly ash include solidification/stabilization technology, thermal treatments, and separation processes. This study reviewed the current treatment technologies of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash, with the main focus on the treatment of heavy metals in fly ash with chemical stabilization. Chemical stabilization processes involve chemical precipitation of heavy metal and chelation of heavy metals. In multiple studies, chemical stabilization technology has shown practical feasibility in terms of technology, economy, and effect. In addition, the combination of two or more stabilization agents broadens the general applicability of the agents to heavy metals and reduces the cost. The application of joint processing technology realizes the remove of soluble salt from fly ash. To minimize pollutants while increase their usable value, effective use of waste and co-disposal of several kinds of wastes have gradually become the research hotspots. New developments in chemical stabilization are progressively moving towards the sustainable direction of harmlessness and resource utilization of MSWI fly ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Zhao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Yan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Ning
- Chengdu Winna Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Shan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
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21
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Shen B, Ma J, Liu L. Stabilization of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash via hydrothermal treatment with coal fly ash. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 144:285-293. [PMID: 35427900 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The environmental risk of heavy metals in hazardous municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (FA) is one of the most important concerns for its safely treating and disposing. This study investigated the stabilization behavior of heavy metals in FA using coal fly ash (CFA) as an additive via hydrothermal treatment. The effects of water washing pre-treatment and FA/CFA ratio on leaching behavior, speciation evolution, and risk assessment of heavy metals were studied. The results showed that 96.6-98.0 % of Cl can be effectively removed by water washing pre-treatment and hydrothermal treatment. Most heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) (>91.5 %) were stabilized in the hydrothermal product, rather than transferred to liquid phase. Tobermorite can be synthesized by adjusting Ca/Si ratio with the addition of CFA. The heavy metals were transferred into more stable residue fractions with increasing CFA addition, which resulted in the significant reduction of leaching concentrations and risk assessment code (RAC) of heavy metals. Among, the product with 30% CFA exhibited the most superior performance with the lowest leaching concentrations of heavy metals and RAC was at no risk level (<1). In addition, the economic performance of hydrothermal treatment exhibited a potential advantage by comparing with FA-to-cement, FA-to-glass slags and FA-to-chelating agent & cement solidification/stabilization. Therefore, the hydrothermal treatment coupled with water washing pre-treatment would be a promising method for the detoxification of FA, as well as synergistic treatment of FA and CFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Zhang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Yanli Wang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Boxiong Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China.
| | - Jiao Ma
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Lina Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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22
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Ebrahiminejad M, Karimzadeh R. Diesel hydrocracking and hydrodesulfurization with activated red mud-supported and fluorine-containing NiW nanocatalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.112056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Red Mud from the Aluminium Industry: Production, Characteristics, and Alternative Applications in Construction Materials—A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132212741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
About 120 million tons of red mud is produced worldwide each year. Due to its high basicity and potential leaching, its storage is a critical environmental problem. This material is typically stored in dams, which demands prior care of the disposal area and includes monitoring and maintenance throughout its useful life. Consequently, it is crucial to figure out an industrial solution able to consumes large volumes of this material. At this moment, there are several studies, the majority in metallurgical procedures, building materials, and in the chemical industry, discussing how to reuse red mud. This paper provides a review of the aluminium process, including metal importance, its global production, and the environmental impact due to its manufacture process. It presents a review of the potential application of red mud showing its overall generation, some relevant characterisation results collected from the literature, and its utilisation in diverse areas of engineering. The study aimed to highlight applications where red mud characteristics may be favourable.
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24
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Chen C, Liu J, Gen C, Liu Q, Zhu X, Qi W, Wang F. Synthesis of zero-valent iron/biochar by carbothermal reduction from wood waste and iron mud for removing rhodamine B. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:48556-48568. [PMID: 33909249 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13962-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a new process to synthesize zero-valent iron/biochar (Fe0-BC) by carbothermal reduction using wood waste and iron mud as raw materials under different temperature. The characterization results showed that the Fe0-BC synthesized at 1200 °C (Fe0-BC-1200) possessed favorable adsorption capacity with the specific surface area of 103.18 m2/g and that the zero-valent iron (Fe0) particles were uniformly dispersed on the biochar surface. The removal efficiency of rhodamine B (RB) was determined to evaluate the performance of the prepared Fe0-BC. Fe0-BC-1200 presented the best performance on RB removal, which mainly ascribes to that more Fe0 particles generated at higher temperature. The equilibrium adsorption capacity reached 49.93 mg/g when the initial RB concentration and the Fe0-BC-1200 dosage were 100 mg/L and 2 g/L, respectively, and the pseudo-second-order model was suitable to fit the removal experimental data. LCMC and XRD analyses revealed that the removal mechanism included the physical adsorption of biochar and the redox reaction of Fe0. Moreover, copper existing in the iron mud was also reduced to Cu0, which was beneficial to catalyze the oxidation of iron; the degradation of RB was promoted at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Chao Gen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qin Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuetao Zhu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenzhi Qi
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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25
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Chen L, Ma B, Zhang Y, Ni W, Tsang DCW. Treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: State-of-the-art technologies and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:125132. [PMID: 33858099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is considered as a hazardous waste that requires specific treatment before disposal. The principal treatments encompass thermal treatment, stabilization/solidification, and resource recovery. To maximize environmental, social, and economic benefits, the development of low-carbon and sustainable treatment technologies for MSWI fly ash has attracted extensive interests in recent years. This paper critically reviewed the state-of-the-art treatment technologies and novel resource utilization approaches for the MSWI fly ash. Innovative technologies and future perspectives of MSWI fly ash management were highlighted. Moreover, the latest understanding of immobilization mechanisms and the use of advanced characterization technologies were elaborated to foster future design of treatment technologies and the actualization of sustainable management for MSWI fly ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Construction Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Laboratory for Concrete & Construction Chemistry, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Yike Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Energy Clean Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wen Ni
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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26
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Innovative utilization of red mud through co-roasting with coal gangue for separation of iron and aluminum minerals. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Samal S. Utilization of Red Mud as a Source for Metal Ions-A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2211. [PMID: 33923091 PMCID: PMC8123361 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An overview is presented on the prospective use of red mud as a resource in this review. Various scopes are suggested for the utilization of red mud to maintain a sustainable environment. The potential use of red mud covers the valuable metal recovery that could emphasize the use of red mud as a resource. Red mud could act as reduced slag in the metallurgical field for the extraction of minerals and metals for upscale application. Although many studies have revealed the potential utilization of red mud, most of them are only limited to a lab-scale basis. Therefore, a large-scale investigation on recycling of red mud for the extraction in the area of the metal recovery section will draw attention to the extensive use of red mud. Metal ions of major elements Fe (44 wt.%), Al (18.2 wt.%), Si (14.3 wt.%), Ti (9.3 wt.%), Na (6.2 wt.%), Ca (4.4 wt.%) as major elements and of Mg, V, Mn, Cr, K as minor elements and rare earth elements such as Ce (102 mg/kg), La (56 mg/kg), Sc (47 mg/kg), Nd (45 mg/kg), Sm (9 mg/kg). Moreover, an appropriate in-house metal recovery facility with the alumina industry will come out as a cost-benefit analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Samal
- FZU-Institute of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
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28
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Wong G, Gan M, Fan X, Ji Z, Chen X, Wang Z. Co-disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and bottom slag: A novel method of low temperature melting treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124438. [PMID: 33229258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conventional melting for disposing municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash or bottom slag needed high temperature and consumed high energy. High calcium content in fly ash and high silicon content in bottom slag brought them high melting point, respectively. Based on the analysis of chemical composition and phase diagram, suitable contents, namely 30%-40% CaO, 45%-60% SiO2 and 10%-15% Al2O3, were proposed to obtain a lower-melting-point mixture system. When the mass ratio of fly ash to bottom slag was 1:5, lowest melting point can be obtained. It was 1,190 ℃, lower than that of fly ash (1,448 ℃) and bottom slag (1,310 ℃). The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure of slags obtained from low melting treatment met the leaching toxicity of Chinese standard GB 5085.3-2007, and the slags containing about 25 wt% CaO, 10 wt% Al2O3 and 45 wt% SiO2 can be used for preparing CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass ceramics. The co-process of fly ash and bottom slag realized the low temperature melting treatment with low energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojing Wong
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Min Gan
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Zhiyun Ji
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Xuling Chen
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Wang
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
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29
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Li Y, Zhang JL, Liu ZJ, Chen LZ, Wang YZ. Harmless treatment of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash through shaft furnace. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 124:110-117. [PMID: 33611155 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash (MSWI FA) is a type of waste that is harmful to the environment, and the melting treatment methods can treat MSWI FA, removing its potential negative impacts. However, special equipment is required for the FA melting process, which necessitates high costs. Metallurgical shaft furnaces (MSF) can melt MSWI FA efficiently. Therefore, the feasibility of using an MSF for FA treatment was studied herein. First, the fundamental physicochemical properties of the FA were analyzed. Then, the appearance and internal morphology of the FA were examined using a scanning electron microscope. Finally, melting experiments were designed according to the conditions of the MSF. The results show that slag changes into a glassy state under rapid cooling, which is beneficial to the solidification of harmful elements. These harmful elements, including Pb, Zn, and Cu, are thus reduced and volatilized into the flue gas under the MSF's reducing atmosphere. The harmful elements that enter the slag are solidified, causing its leaching toxicity to achieve the national standard requirements. Further, under the simulated MSF smelting conditions, the FA dioxin destroy removal efficiency realized more than 99.99% efficiency. Therefore, the harmless treatment of MAWI FA can be realized through MSF process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhang
- University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zheng-Jian Liu
- University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Long-Zhi Chen
- University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yao-Zu Wang
- University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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30
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Marieta C, Guerrero A, Leon I. Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash to produce eco-friendly binders for sustainable building construction. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 120:114-124. [PMID: 33302014 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash is a residue of municipal solid waste incineration whose recycling is currently a worldwide problem. Therefore, considerable efforts are being made to establish effective recovery techniques so MSWI can be used as a substitute for natural resources in construction, as in masonry blocks, roads and so on, or in the manufacture of new materials. MSWI fly ashes contain elements such as Ca, Si and Al, which make it possible for them to be used as raw material to manufacture cements. This paper presents the results obtained from the physicochemical characterization of two MSWI fly ashes from two Spanish cities. The research aims to explore the feasibility of using MSWI fly ash as raw material for sintering belite cements. The results show that MSWI fly ashes have a suitable composition. However, appropriate pre-treatment will be required to eliminate chloride and possible traces of heavy metals and to improve pozzolanic activity. Furthermore, the addition of vitreous silica in the proper proportions is required. The phases generated after calcination of the blend at 800 °C are not those corresponding to pure belite cements. Nevertheless, the possibility of using these ashes as supplementary cementitious material in the manufacture of eco-cements should be contemplated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Marieta
- EIG (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Ana Guerrero
- Institute of Construction Science Eduardo Torroja, Serrano Galvache, s/n, 28033 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñigo Leon
- EIG (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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31
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Analysis of the Heat Balance of a Metal Hydride Separator Used for the Separation of Hydrogen from Syngas. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present article discusses the potential for hydrogen separation using a metal hydride separator, which facilitates the generation of hydrogen contained in syngas following the thermal recovery of wastes. The article provides a detailed description of the separator heat balance using analytical calculations and optimised calculations, and by applying numerical methods. The proposed concept of a separator intended for hydrogen separation from syngas offers a solution to a problem associated with the use of metal hydride alloy powders; in particular, their low thermal conductivity. In order to eliminate big temperature differences in the alloy, a heat transfer intensifier was implemented in the metal hydride alloy volume; the intensifier was made of metal and exhibited high thermal conductivity. For the purpose of comparing the thermal fields, the first stage comprised the creation of a numerical simulation of hydrogen absorption without the use of an intensifier. Subsequently, three different geometries were created for an intensifier intended to remove heat from the metal hydride alloy powder towards the separator cover, and the effects of these three geometries were analysed. The implementation of heat transfer intensifiers into the metal hydride alloy powder improved the heat removal by as much as 43.9% and increased the thermal field homogeneity by 77%. A result of the heat removal optimisation was an increase in the hydrogen absorption kinetics and the efficiency of the separator operation.
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32
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Yu S, Du B, Baheiduola A, Geng C, Liu J. HCB dechlorination combined with heavy metals immobilization in MSWI fly ash by using n-Al/CaO dispersion mixture. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 392:122510. [PMID: 32193123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) has been strictly controlled as hazardous waste globally because it contains various heavy metals and dioxins. This study prepared a nanometallic Al/CaO (n-Al/CaO) dispersion mixture via ball-milling as a reductive stabilization reagent for the simultaneous immobilization of heavy metals and detoxification of POPs like substance in MSWI-FA. Under optimal conditions, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb had been significantly immobilized (over 99.9 %) and the leaching concentration of Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb were below the detectable limit. Simultaneously, 82.43 % of HCB can be destructed into alkanes and amorphous carbon. The porous structure of the fly ash and alkaline surface of n-Al/CaO promoted the adsorption and cracking of HCB. The highly active n-Al/CaO interacted with water as the hydrogen donor to promote the reductive dechlorination process. Hydrocalumite was a new mineral formed from the adsorption and complexation of heavy metal. Therefore, n-Al/CaO can strengthen the control of heavy metals in the S/S treatment of MSWI-FA, effectively detoxify chlorinated organics, and reduce environmental health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Yu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bing Du
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; China National Environmental Protection Group, Beijing 100082, China
| | | | - Chao Geng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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