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Nie Y, Song C, Huang H, Mao S, Ding K, Tang H. Chromatin modifiers in human disease: from functional roles to regulatory mechanisms. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:12. [PMID: 38584203 PMCID: PMC10999406 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of transcriptional regulation has revealed the vital role of chromatin modifiers in human diseases from the beginning of functional exploration to the process of participating in many types of disease regulatory mechanisms. Chromatin modifiers are a class of enzymes that can catalyze the chemical conversion of pyrimidine residues or amino acid residues, including histone modifiers, DNA methyltransferases, and chromatin remodeling complexes. Chromatin modifiers assist in the formation of transcriptional regulatory circuits between transcription factors, enhancers, and promoters by regulating chromatin accessibility and the ability of transcription factors to acquire DNA. This is achieved by recruiting associated proteins and RNA polymerases. They modify the physical contact between cis-regulatory factor elements, transcription factors, and chromatin DNA to influence transcriptional regulatory processes. Then, abnormal chromatin perturbations can impair the homeostasis of organs, tissues, and cells, leading to diseases. The review offers a comprehensive elucidation on the function and regulatory mechanism of chromatin modifiers, thereby highlighting their indispensability in the development of diseases. Furthermore, this underscores the potential of chromatin modifiers as biomarkers, which may enable early disease diagnosis. With the aid of this paper, a deeper understanding of the role of chromatin modifiers in the pathogenesis of diseases can be gained, which could help in devising effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Nie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-omics and Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Clinical Research Center for Myocardial Injury in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Chao Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-omics and Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-omics and Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Clinical Research Center for Myocardial Injury in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shuqing Mao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-omics and Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Clinical Research Center for Myocardial Injury in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Kai Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Clinical Research Center for Myocardial Injury in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Huifang Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-omics and Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Myocardial Injury in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Franco-Juárez EX, González-Villasana V, Camacho-Moll ME, Rendón-Garlant L, Ramírez-Flores PN, Silva-Ramírez B, Peñuelas-Urquides K, Cabello-Ruiz ED, Castorena-Torres F, Bermúdez de León M. Mechanistic Insights about Sorafenib-, Valproic Acid- and Metformin-Induced Cell Death in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1760. [PMID: 38339037 PMCID: PMC10855535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the main causes of death by cancer worldwide, representing about 80-90% of all liver cancers. Treatments available for advanced HCC include atezolizumab, bevacizumab, sorafenib, among others. Atezolizumab and bevacizumab are immunological options recently incorporated into first-line treatments, along with sorafenib, for which great treatment achievements have been reached. However, sorafenib resistance is developed in most patients, and therapeutical combinations targeting cancer hallmark mechanisms and intracellular signaling have been proposed. In this review, we compiled evidence of the mechanisms of cell death caused by sorafenib administered alone or in combination with valproic acid and metformin and discussed them from a molecular perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Xchel Franco-Juárez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.X.F.-J.); (M.E.C.-M.); (P.N.R.-F.); (K.P.-U.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66451, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (V.G.-V.); (L.R.-G.); (E.D.C.-R.)
| | - Vianey González-Villasana
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66451, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (V.G.-V.); (L.R.-G.); (E.D.C.-R.)
| | - María Elena Camacho-Moll
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.X.F.-J.); (M.E.C.-M.); (P.N.R.-F.); (K.P.-U.)
| | - Luisa Rendón-Garlant
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66451, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (V.G.-V.); (L.R.-G.); (E.D.C.-R.)
| | - Patricia Nefertari Ramírez-Flores
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.X.F.-J.); (M.E.C.-M.); (P.N.R.-F.); (K.P.-U.)
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico;
| | - Beatriz Silva-Ramírez
- Departamento de Inmunogenética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo Leon, Mexico;
| | - Katia Peñuelas-Urquides
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.X.F.-J.); (M.E.C.-M.); (P.N.R.-F.); (K.P.-U.)
| | - Ethel Daniela Cabello-Ruiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66451, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (V.G.-V.); (L.R.-G.); (E.D.C.-R.)
| | - Fabiola Castorena-Torres
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico;
| | - Mario Bermúdez de León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.X.F.-J.); (M.E.C.-M.); (P.N.R.-F.); (K.P.-U.)
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Tao S, Liang S, Zeng T, Yin D. Epigenetic modification-related mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1043667. [PMID: 36685594 PMCID: PMC9845774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1043667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes most primary liver cancers and is one of the most lethal and life-threatening malignancies globally. Unfortunately, a substantial proportion of HCC patients are identified at an advanced stage that is unavailable for curative surgery. Thus, palliative therapies represented by multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) sorafenib remained the front-line treatment over the past decades. Recently, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially targeting the PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 axis, has achieved an inspiring clinical breakthrough for treating unresectable solid tumors. However, many HCC patients with poor responses lead to limited benefits in clinical applications, which has quickly drawn researchers' attention to the regulatory mechanisms of immune checkpoints in HCC immune evasion. Evasion of immune surveillance by cancer is attributed to intricate reprogramming modulation in the tumor microenvironment. Currently, more and more studies have found that epigenetic modifications, such as chromatin structure remodeling, DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and non-coding RNA levels, may contribute significantly to remodeling the tumor microenvironment to avoid immune clearance, affecting the efficacy of immunotherapy for HCC. This review summarizes the rapidly emerging progress of epigenetic-related changes during HCC resistance to ICIs and discusses the mechanisms of underlying epigenetic therapies available for surmounting immune resistance. Finally, we summarize the clinical advances in combining epigenetic therapies with immunotherapy, aiming to promote the formation of immune combination therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuhang Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Taofei Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dalong Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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4
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Zhang L, Li C, Marhaba Aziz, Zhu R, Jiapaer Z. ITF2357 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of meningioma cells via the PI3K-Akt pathway. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:21. [PMID: 36445551 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01883-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
As a type of central nervous system tumor, meningioma usually compresses the nerve center due to its local expansion, further causing neurological deficits. However, there are limited therapeutic approaches for meningiomas. ITF2357, a potent class I and II histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and block the cell cycle in various sarcoma cells, including glioblastoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Here, we investigated the potential role of ITF2357 on meningioma cancer cells (IOMM-Lee cells). First, we demonstrated that the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ITF2357 was 1.842 μM by MTT assay. In addition, ITF2357 effectively inhibited the proliferation and colonization ability of IOMM-Lee cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that ITF2357 induced G0/G1 and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Mechanically, the RNA sequencing data revealed that ITF2357 could affect the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and the cell cycle progression. Furthermore, the expression levels of Akt, PI3K, p-Akt, and p-PI3K were determined by western blotting. Collectively, our data revealed that ITF2357 induces G0 G1 and G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis by inhibiting hyperactivation of the PI3K-Akt pathway, ultimately inhibiting cell viability and proliferation of meningioma cells, which developed a new approach to the treatment of meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingying Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Gentic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Chengyu Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Gentic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Marhaba Aziz
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Gentic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Rongxin Zhu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Gentic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Zeyidan Jiapaer
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Gentic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
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Xia JK, Qin XQ, Zhang L, Liu SJ, Shi XL, Ren HZ. Roles and regulation of histone acetylation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:982222. [PMID: 36092874 PMCID: PMC9452893 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.982222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent malignant tumor of the liver, but its prognosis is poor. Histone acetylation is an important epigenetic regulatory mode that modulates chromatin structure and transcriptional status to control gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Generally, histone acetylation and deacetylation processes are controlled by the opposing activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Dysregulation of histone modification is reported to drive aberrant transcriptional programmes that facilitate liver cancer onset and progression. Emerging studies have demonstrated that several HDAC inhibitors exert tumor-suppressive properties via activation of various cell death molecular pathways in HCC. However, the complexity involved in the epigenetic transcription modifications and non-epigenetic cellular signaling processes limit their potential clinical applications. This review brings an in-depth view of the oncogenic mechanisms reported to be related to aberrant HCC-associated histone acetylation, which might provide new insights into the effective therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-kun Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Hepatobiliary Institute Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-qian Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-jun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-lei Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Hepatobiliary Institute Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-zhen Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Hepatobiliary Institute Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Mungamuri SK, Nagasuryaprasad K. Epigenetic mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma progression: Potential therapeutic opportunities. EPIGENETICS AND METABOLOMICS 2021:279-296. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85652-2.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Zhao LM, Zhang JH. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Tumor Immunotherapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2990-3008. [PMID: 28762309 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170801102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With an increasing understanding of the antitumor immune response, considerable progress has been made in the field of tumor immunotherapy in the last decade. Inhibition of histone deacetylases represents a new strategy in tumor therapy and histone deacetylase inhibitors have been recently developed and validated as potential antitumor drugs. In addition to the direct antitumor effects, histone deacetylase inhibitors have been found to have the ability to improve tumor recognition by immune cells that may contribute to their antitumor activity. These immunomodolutory effects are desirable, and their in-depth comprehension will facilitate the design of novel regimens with improved clinical efficacy. OBJECTIVE Our goal here is to review recent developments in the application of histone deacetylase inhibitors as immune modulators in cancer treatment. METHODS Systemic compilation of the relevant literature in this field. RESULTS & CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of how histone deacetylase inhibitors alter immune process and discuss their effects on various cytokines. We also discuss the challenges to optimize the use of these inhibitors as immune modulators in cancer treatment. Information gained from this review will be valuable to this field and may be helpful for designing tumor immunotherapy trials involving histone deacetylase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie-Huan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
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Histone Deacetylase Expressions in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Functional Effects of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on Liver Cancer Cells In Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101587. [PMID: 31635225 PMCID: PMC6826839 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause for deaths worldwide. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition (HDACi) is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy. However, most pharmacological HDACi unselectively block different HDAC classes and their molecular mechanisms of action are only incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to systematically analyze expressions of different HDAC classes in HCC cells and tissues and to functionally analyze the effect of the HDACi suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) and trichostatin A (TSA) on the tumorigenicity of HCC cells. The gene expression of all HDAC classes was significantly increased in human HCC cell lines (Hep3B, HepG2, PLC, HuH7) compared to primary human hepatocytes (PHH). The analysis of HCC patient data showed the increased expression of several HDACs in HCC tissues compared to non-tumorous liver. However, there was no unified picture of regulation in three different HCC patient datasets and we observed a strong variation in the gene expression of different HDACs in tumorous as well as non-tumorous liver. Still, there was a strong correlation in the expression of HDAC class IIa (HDAC4, 5, 7, 9) as well as HDAC2 and 8 (class I) and HDAC10 (class IIb) and HDAC11 (class IV) in HCC tissues of individual patients. This might indicate a common mechanism of the regulation of these HDACs in HCC. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset analysis revealed that HDAC4, HDAC7 and HDAC9 as well as HDAC class I members HDAC1 and HDAC2 is significantly correlated with patient survival. Furthermore, we observed that SAHA and TSA reduced the proliferation, clonogenicity and migratory potential of HCC cells. SAHA but not TSA induced features of senescence in HCC cells. Additionally, HDACi enhanced the efficacy of sorafenib in killing sorafenib-susceptible cells. Moreover, HDACi reestablished sorafenib sensitivity in resistant HCC cells. In summary, HDACs are significantly but differently increased in HCC, which may be exploited to develop more targeted therapeutic approaches. HDACi affect different facets of the tumorigenicity of HCC cells and appears to be a promising therapeutic approach alone or in combination with sorafenib.
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Friedrich M, Gerbeth L, Gerling M, Rosenthal R, Steiger K, Weidinger C, Keye J, Wu H, Schmidt F, Weichert W, Siegmund B, Glauben R. HDAC inhibitors promote intestinal epithelial regeneration via autocrine TGFβ1 signalling in inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:656-667. [PMID: 30674988 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intact epithelial barrier function is pivotal for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Current therapeutic developments aim at restoring the epithelial barrier in inflammatory bowel disease. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are known to modulate immune responses and to ameliorate experimental colitis. However, their direct impact on epithelial barrier function and intestinal wound healing is unknown. In human and murine colonic epithelial cell lines, the presence of the HDAC inhibitors Givinostat and Vorinostat not only improved transepithelial electrical resistance under inflammatory conditions but also attenuated the passage of macromolecules across the epithelial monolayer. Givinostat treatment mediated an accelerated wound closure in scratch assays. In vivo, Givinostat treatment resulted in improved barrier recovery and epithelial wound healing in dextran sodium sulphate-stressed mice. Mechanistically, these regenerative effects could be linked to an increased secretion of transforming growth factor beta1 and interleukin 8, paralleled by differential expression of the tight junction proteins claudin-1, claudin-2 and occludin. Our data reveal a novel tissue regenerative property of the pan-HDAC inhibitors Givinostat and Vorinostat in intestinal inflammation, which may have beneficial implications by repurposing HDAC inhibitors for therapeutic strategies for inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Friedrich
- Medical Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenz Gerbeth
- Medical Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Gerling
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center of Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rita Rosenthal
- Medical Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carl Weidinger
- Medical Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Clinical Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Keye
- Medical Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hao Wu
- Medical Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Schmidt
- Medical Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Medical Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Glauben
- Medical Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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Lu P, Yan M, He L, Li J, Ji Y, Ji J. Crosstalk between Epigenetic Modulations in Valproic Acid Deactivated Hepatic Stellate Cells: An Integrated Protein and miRNA Profiling Study. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:93-104. [PMID: 30662350 PMCID: PMC6329925 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.28642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Reverting activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to less activation or quiescent status is a promising strategy for liver fibrosis. Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) could suppress HSCs activation. Our previous study demonstrated a critical role of miRNAs in HSCs activation. Here, we explored the involvement of miRNAs in HDACI induced HSCs deactivation. Human cell line LX2 that resembled activated HSCs was treated with an HDACI - valproic acid (VPA). The effects of VPA on the protein and miRNA profile of LX2 were comprehensively analyzed by iTraq quantitative proteomics and miRNA microarray. The interaction between miRNA and proteins was investigated systematically. The biofunctions of differentially expressed proteins and miRNA targeted proteins were annotated. VPA treatment attenuated the activation phenotype of LX2. In VPA treated LX2, among 1548 quantified proteins, only 86 proteins were differentially expressed (VPA-proteins). While among 282 high-abundance miRNAs, 123 were differentially expressed (VPA-miRNAs), with 104 down-regulated and 19 up-regulated. The top biofunctions of VPA-proteins were closely related to HSCs activation, including cell death and survival, cell movement, cellular growth and proliferation. Furthermore, 22 out of the 36 VPA-proteins involved in cell death and survival, and 19 out of the 30 VPA-proteins involved in cellular movement were predicted targets of VPA-miRNAs. A direct regulatory effect of histone acetylation on miRNA expression was also established. In conclusion, our data provided the molecular mechanisms for VPA induced HSCs deactivation at the protein level and suggested crosstalk between histone acetylation and miRNAs in the inhibitory effects of HDACI on HSCs activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuhua Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Juling Ji
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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11
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Mohammadi A, Sharifi A, Pourpaknia R, Mohammadian S, Sahebkar A. Manipulating macrophage polarization and function using classical HDAC inhibitors: Implications for autoimmunity and inflammation. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 128:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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12
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Valproic Acid Downregulates Cytokine Expression in Human Macrophages Infected with Dengue Virus. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6030059. [PMID: 29986388 PMCID: PMC6165057 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural infection with dengue virus (DENV) induces an increase in the production of cytokines that play an important role in disease pathogenesis. Despite numerous scientific studies, there are still no commercially available disease-specific therapeutics. Previous evidence shows that inhibiting histone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs) regulates the immune response in several inflammatory disease models. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of HDAC inhibition in the production of inflammatory cytokines in human monocyte-derived macrophages infected with DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2). To this end, human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were treated with valproic acid (VPA) before or after infection and the inflammatory cytokine concentration was quantified by flow cytometry. We found that infected MDMs secreted IL-8, IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-10, but not IL-12. Strikingly, treatment of infected cells with VPA had a differential and concentration-dependent effect on the production of specific cytokines without eliciting significant changes in cell viability. Using the highest concentration of VPA, a significant reduction in the production of all cytokines was observed. These results suggest that HDAC inhibition during DENV-2 infection could exert an important regulatory effect in the production of inflammatory cytokines, representing a significant advance in the design of novel therapeutic dengue treatments.
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13
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Xu W, Liu H, Liu ZG, Wang HS, Zhang F, Wang H, Zhang J, Chen JJ, Huang HJ, Tan Y, Cao MT, Du J, Zhang QG, Jiang GM. Histone deacetylase inhibitors upregulate Snail via Smad2/3 phosphorylation and stabilization of Snail to promote metastasis of hepatoma cells. Cancer Lett 2018; 420:1-13. [PMID: 29410023 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Resection and transplantation are the only curative treatments available, but are greatly hampered by high recurrence rates. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are considered to be promising anticancer agents in drug development. Currently, four HDACIs have been granted Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for cancer. HDACIs have shown significant efficacy in hematological malignancies. However, they have limited effects in epithelial cell-derived cancers, including HCC, and the mechanisms of these are not elucidated. In this study, our results demonstrated that HDACIs were able to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) in hepatoma cells which are believed to trigger tumor cell invasion and metastasis. We found that HDACIs promoted the expression of Snail and Snail-induced EMT was critical for HDACI-initiated invasion and metastasis. We indicated that HDACIs upregulated Snail in two ways. Firstly, HDACIs upregulated Snail at the transcriptional level by promoting Smad2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, then combined with the promoter to activate the transcription of Snail. Secondly, we showed that HDACIs regulated the stabilization of Snail via upregulating the expression of COP9 signalosome 2 (CSN2), which combined with Snail and exposed its acetylation site, then promoted acetylation of Snail, thereby inhibiting its phosphorylation and ubiquitination to repress the degradation of Snail. All these results highlighted that HDACIs have limited effects in HCC, and the use of HDACIs combined with other targeted strategies to inhibit EMT, which explored in this study is a promising treatment method for treating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jing-Jing Chen
- Sinocare Biosensing Limited Company, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong-Jun Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meng-Ting Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiu-Gui Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
| | - Guan-Min Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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14
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Liu KY, Wang LT, Hsu SH. Modification of Epigenetic Histone Acetylation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10010008. [PMID: 29301348 PMCID: PMC5789358 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to various environmental factors such as nutrients, food intake, and drugs or toxins by undergoing dynamic epigenetic changes. An imbalance in dynamic epigenetic changes is one of the major causes of disease, oncogenic activities, and immunosuppressive effects. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a unique cellular chemical sensor present in most organs, and its dysregulation has been demonstrated in multiple stages of tumor progression in humans and experimental models; however, the effects of the pathogenic mechanisms of AHR on epigenetic regulation remain unclear. Apart from proto-oncogene activation, epigenetic repressions of tumor suppressor genes are involved in tumor initiation, procession, and metastasis. Reverse epigenetic repression of the tumor suppressor genes by epigenetic enzyme activity inhibition and epigenetic enzyme level manipulation is a potential path for tumor therapy. Current evidence and our recent work on deacetylation of histones on tumor-suppressive genes suggest that histone deacetylase (HDAC) is involved in tumor formation and progression, and treating hepatocellular carcinoma with HDAC inhibitors can, at least partially, repress tumor proliferation and transformation by recusing the expression of tumor-suppressive genes such as TP53 and RB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwei-Yan Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Ting Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hsien Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Resminostat induces changes in epithelial plasticity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and sensitizes them to sorafenib-induced apoptosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110367-110379. [PMID: 29299154 PMCID: PMC5746389 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Resminostat, a novel class I, IIb, and IV histone deacetylase inhibitor, was studied in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after relapse to sorafenib (SHELTER study). In this phase I/II clinical trial, combination of sorafenib and resminostat was safe and showed early signs of efficacy. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this synergism have not been explored yet. In this work, we aimed to analyze whether resminostat regulates epithelial-mesenchymal and stemness phenotype as a mechanism of sensitization to sorafenib. Three HCC cell lines with differences in their epithelial/mesenchymal characteristics were treated with resminostat and sorafenib alone, or in combination. Resminostat prevented growth and induced cell death in the HCC cells, in a time and dose dependent manner. A collaborative effect between resminostat and sorafenib was detected in the mesenchymal HCC cells, which were insensitive to sorafenib-induced apoptosis. Expression of mesenchymal-related genes was decreased in resminostat-treated HCC cells, concomitant with an increase in epithelial-related gene expression, organized tight junctions and reduced invasive growth. Moreover, resminostat down-regulated CD44 expression, coincident with decreased capacity to form colonies at low cell density. CONCLUSION Resminostat shifts mesenchymal cells towards a more epithelial phenotype, lower invasive and stemness properties, which may contribute to the sensitization to sorafenib-induced apoptosis.
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16
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Epigenetic reprogramming in liver fibrosis and cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 121:124-132. [PMID: 29079534 PMCID: PMC5716427 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel insights into the epigenetic control of chronic liver diseases are now emerging. Recent advances in our understanding of the critical roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications and ncRNA may now be exploited to improve management of fibrosis/cirrhosis and cancer. Furthermore, improved technologies for the detection of epigenetic markers from patients' blood and tissues will vastly improve diagnosis, treatment options and prognostic tracking. The aim of this review is to present recent findings from the field of liver epigenetics and to explore their potential for translation into therapeutics to prevent disease promoting epigenome reprogramming and reverse epigenetic changes.
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17
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Wahid B, Ali A, Rafique S, Idrees M. New Insights into the Epigenetics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1609575. [PMID: 28401148 PMCID: PMC5376429 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1609575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most predominant malignancies with high fatality rate. This deadly cancer is rising at an alarming rate because it is quite resistant to radio- and chemotherapy. Different epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modifications, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, and expression of noncoding RNAs drive the cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, initiation, progression, and development of HCC. These epigenetic alterations because of potential reversibility open way towards the development of biomarkers and therapeutics. The contribution of these epigenetic changes to HCC development has not been thoroughly explored yet. Further research on HCC epigenetics is necessary to better understand novel molecular-targeted HCC treatment and prevention. This review highlights latest research progress and current updates regarding epigenetics of HCC, biomarker discovery, and future preventive and therapeutic strategies to combat the increasing risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braira Wahid
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87 West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87 West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Rafique
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87 West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87 West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
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18
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Hardy T, Mann DA. Epigenetics in liver disease: from biology to therapeutics. Gut 2016; 65:1895-1905. [PMID: 27624887 PMCID: PMC5099193 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-311292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the fundamental epigenetic mechanisms governing gene expression and cellular phenotype are sufficiently advanced that novel insights into the epigenetic control of chronic liver disease are now emerging. Hepatologists are in the process of shedding light on the roles played by DNA methylation, histone/chromatin modifications and non-coding RNAs in specific liver pathologies. Alongside these discoveries are advances in the technologies for the detection and quantification of epigenetic biomarkers, either directly from patient tissue or from body fluids. The premise for this review is to survey the recent advances in the field of liver epigenetics and to explore their potential for translation by industry and clinical hepatologists for the design of novel therapeutics and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers. In particular, we present findings in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma, fibrosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, where there is urgent unmet need for new clinical interventions and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hardy
- Fibrosis Laboratories, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Derek A Mann
- Fibrosis Laboratories, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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19
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Angeletti F, Fossati G, Pattarozzi A, Würth R, Solari A, Daga A, Masiello I, Barbieri F, Florio T, Comincini S. Inhibition of the Autophagy Pathway Synergistically Potentiates the Cytotoxic Activity of Givinostat (ITF2357) on Human Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:107. [PMID: 27833530 PMCID: PMC5081386 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence highlighted the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the development of tumor resistance to therapy, particularly in glioblastoma (GBM). Therefore, the development of new therapies, specifically directed against GBM CSCs, constitutes an important research avenue. Considering the extended range of cancer-related pathways modulated by histone acetylation/deacetylation processes, we studied the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic efficacy of givinostat (GVS), a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor, on cell cultures enriched in CSCs, isolated from nine human GBMs. We report that GVS induced a significant reduction of viability and self-renewal ability in all GBM CSC cultures; conversely, GVS exposure did not cause a significant cytotoxic activity toward differentiated GBM cells and normal mesenchymal human stem cells. Analyzing the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, we demonstrated that GVS affected CSC viability through the activation of programmed cell death pathways. In particular, a marked stimulation of macroautophagy was observed after GVS treatment. To understand the functional link between GVS treatment and autophagy activation, different genetic and pharmacological interfering strategies were used. We show that the up-regulation of the autophagy process, obtained by deprivation of growth factors, induced a reduction of CSC sensitivity to GVS, while the pharmacological inhibition of the autophagy pathway and the silencing of the key autophagy gene ATG7, increased the cell death rate induced by GVS. Altogether these findings suggest that autophagy represents a pro-survival mechanism activated by GBM CSCs to counteract the efficacy of the anti-proliferative activity of GVS. In conclusion, we demonstrate that GVS is a novel pharmacological tool able to target GBM CSC viability and its efficacy can be enhanced by autophagy inhibitory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianluca Fossati
- Preclinical Research Department Italfarmaco Research Center, Italfarmaco S.p.A Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pattarozzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Würth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova Genova, Italy
| | - Agnese Solari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Daga
- Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Genova, Italy
| | - Irene Masiello
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Barbieri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova Genova, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova Genova, Italy
| | - Sergio Comincini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
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20
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Beck A, Eberherr C, Hagemann M, Cairo S, Häberle B, Vokuhl C, von Schweinitz D, Kappler R. Connectivity map identifies HDAC inhibition as a treatment option of high-risk hepatoblastoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:1168-1176. [PMID: 27635950 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1235664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common liver tumor of childhood, usually occurring in children under the age of 3 y. The prognosis of patients presenting with distant metastasis, vascular invasion and advanced tumor stages remains poor and children that do survive often face severe late effects from the aggressive chemotherapy regimen. To identify potential new therapeutics for high risk HB we used a 1,000-gene expression signature as input for a Connectivity Map (CMap) analysis, which predicted histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as a promising therapy option. Subsequent expression analysis of primary HB and HB cell lines revealed a general overexpression of HDAC1 and HDAC2, which has been suggested to be predictive for the efficacy of HDAC inhibition. Accordingly, treatment of HB cells with the HDAC inhibitors SAHA and MC1568 resulted in a potent reduction of cell viability, induction of apoptosis, reactivation of epigenetically suppressed tumor suppressor genes, and the reversion of the 16-gene HB classifier toward the more favorable expression signature. Most importantly, the combination of HDAC inhibitors and cisplatin - a major chemotherapeutic agent of HB treatment - revealed a strong synergistic effect, even at significantly reduced doses of cisplatin. Our findings suggest that HDAC inhibitors skew HB cells toward a more favorable prognostic phenotype through changes in gene expression, thus indicating a targeted molecular mechanism that seems to enhance the anti-proliferative effects of conventional chemotherapy. Thus, adding HDAC inhibitors to the treatment regimen of high risk HB could potentially improve outcomes and reduce severe late effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Beck
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Corinna Eberherr
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Michaela Hagemann
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Stefano Cairo
- b XenTech , 4 rue Pierre Fontaine , Evry , France.,c University of Ferrara, LTTA Center, Department of Morphology , Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Via Fossato di Mortara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Beate Häberle
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Christian Vokuhl
- d Institute of Paidopathology, Pediatric Tumor Registry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel , Kiel , Germany
| | - Dietrich von Schweinitz
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Roland Kappler
- a Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
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21
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Bitzer M, Horger M, Giannini EG, Ganten TM, Wörns MA, Siveke JT, Dollinger MM, Gerken G, Scheulen ME, Wege H, Zagonel V, Cillo U, Trevisani F, Santoro A, Montesarchio V, Malek NP, Holzapfel J, Herz T, Ammendola AS, Pegoraro S, Hauns B, Mais A, Lauer UM, Henning SW, Hentsch B. Resminostat plus sorafenib as second-line therapy of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma - The SHELTER study. J Hepatol 2016; 65:280-8. [PMID: 26952006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS No established therapies for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and progression on first-line sorafenib treatment currently exist. This phase I/II trial investigated safety, pharmacokinetics and potential biomarkers of the histone deacetylase inhibitor resminostat and a combination therapy with resminostat and sorafenib. METHODS Patients with HCC and radiologically confirmed progression on sorafenib were treated in an exploratory, multi-center, open-label, uncontrolled, non-randomized, parallel group phase I/II study. In the combination group (n=38) four dose levels ranged from daily 200 to 600mg resminostat plus 400 to 800mg sorafenib. The monotherapy group (n=19) received 600mg resminostat. RESULTS 57 patients received treatment. Most common adverse events were gastrointestinal disorders, thrombocytopenia and fatigue. Median maximal histone deacetylase inhibition and highest increase in H4-acetylation matched Tmax of resminostat. Sorafenib or the Child-Pugh score did not affect typical pharmacokinetics characteristics of resminostat. Efficacy assessment as progression-free survival-rate after 6 treatment cycles (12weeks, primary endpoint) was 12.5% for resminostat and 62.5% for resminostat plus sorafenib. Median time to progression and overall survival were 1.8 and 4.1months for resminostat and 6.5 and 8.0months for the combination, respectively. Zinc finger protein 64 (ZFP64) baseline expression in blood cells was found to correlate with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS The combination of sorafenib and resminostat in HCC patients was safe and showed early signs of efficacy. Sorafenib did not alter the pharmacokinetic profile of resminostat or its histone deacetylase inhibitory activity in vivo. A prognostic and potentially predictive role of ZFP64 for treatment with resminostat should be further investigated in HCC and possibly other cancer indications. LAY SUMMARY No established therapy for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and progression under first-line systemic treatment with sorafenib currently exists. Epigenetic modulation by inhibition of histone deacetylases might be able to overcome therapy resistance. This exploratory phase I/II clinical study in patients with radiologically confirmed progression under first-line treatment with sorafenib investigated the histone deacetylases inhibitor resminostat as single agent or in combination with continued application of sorafenib. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The clinical trial has been registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00943449.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bitzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Marius Horger
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Edoardo G Giannini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tom M Ganten
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus A Wörns
- First Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Guido Gerken
- Center for Internal Medicine, University Clinic, Essen, Germany
| | - Max E Scheulen
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, Essen, Germany
| | - Henning Wege
- University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vittorina Zagonel
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Umberto Cillo
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Azienda Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Armando Santoro
- Department of Oncology, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Nisar P Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Mais
- 4SC AG, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Lauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
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22
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Epigenetic mechanisms regulating the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and their promise for therapeutics. Hepatol Int 2016; 11:45-53. [PMID: 27271356 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-016-9743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers around the globe and third most fatal malignancy. Chronic liver disorders such as chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis often lead to the development of HCC. Accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations are involved in the development of HCC. Genetic research sparked by recent developments in next generation sequencing has identified the frequency of genetic alterations that occur in HCC and has led to the identification of genetic hotspots. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic aberrations are strongly associated with the initiation and development of HCC. Various important genes encoding tumor suppressors including P16, RASSF1A, DLC-1, RUNX3 and SOCS-1 are targets of epigenetic dysregulation during the development of HCC. The present review discusses the importance of epigenetic regulations including DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNA mediated regulation of gene expression during tumorigenesis and their use as disease biomarkers. Furthermore, these epigenetic alterations have been discussed in relationship with promising therapeutic perspectives for HCC and related cancers.
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23
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Ganai SA. Histone deacetylase inhibitor givinostat: the small-molecule with promising activity against therapeutically challenging haematological malignancies. J Chemother 2016; 28:247-54. [PMID: 27121910 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2016.1145375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Histone acetyl transferases and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are counteracting epigenetic enzymes regulating the turnover of histone acetylation thereby regulating transcriptional events in a precise manner. Deregulation of histone acetylation caused by aberrant expression of HDACs plays a key role in tumour onset and progression making these enzymes as candidate targets for anticancer drugs and therapy. Small-molecules namely histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) modulating the biological function of HDACs have shown multiple biological effects including differentiation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumour models. HDACi in general have been described in plethora of reviews with respect to various cancers. However, no review article is available describing thoroughly the role of inhibitor givinostat (ITF2357 or [6-(diethylaminomethyl) naphthalen-2-yl] methyl N-[4-(hydroxycarbamoyl) phenyl] carbamate) in haematological malignancies. Thus, the present review explores the intricate role of novel inhibitor givinostat in the defined malignancies including multiple myeloma, acute myelogenous leukaemia, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma apart from myeloproliferative neoplasms. The distinct molecular mechanisms triggered by this small-molecule inhibitor in these cancers to exert cytotoxic effect have also been dealt with. The article also highlights the combination strategy that can be used for enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of this inhibitor in the upcoming future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad Ganai
- a Plant Virology and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology , SKUAST-Kashmir , Srinagar , India
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Zhou H, Jiang S, Chen J, Su SB. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid suppresses inflammation-induced neovascularization. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 92:879-85. [PMID: 25272091 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate gene transcription by modifying the acetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins. Deregulated expression of HDACs has been implicated in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. In this study, we examined the effect of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a potent inhibitor of HDACs, on inflammatory corneal angiogenesis. In a mouse model of alkali-induced corneal neovascularization (CNV), topical application of SAHA to the injured corneas attenuated CNV. In addition, in vivo treatment with SAHA downregulated the expression of the pro-angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), and epidermal growth factor (EGF), but upregulated the expression of the anti-angiogenic factors thrombospondin (TSP)-1, TSP-2, and ADAMTS-1 in the injured corneas. Furthermore, SAHA inhibited the expression of pro-angiogenic factors, migration, proliferation, and tube formation by human microvascular endothelial cells (HEMC-1) in vitro. These data indicate that SAHA has therapeutic potential for CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhou
- a The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Sun Yat-sen University, 54 S Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Wang YG, Xu L, Wang T, Wei J, Meng WY, Wang N, Shi M. Givinostat inhibition of hepatic stellate cell proliferation and protein acetylation. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8326-8339. [PMID: 26217084 PMCID: PMC4507102 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i27.8326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor givinostat on proteins related to regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation.
METHODS: The cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to observe changes in proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle in hepatic stellate cells treated with givinostat. Western blot was used to observe expression changes in p21, p57, CDK4, CDK6, cyclinD1, caspase-3, and caspase-9 in hepatic stellate cells exposed to givinostat. The scratch assay was used to analyze the effect of givinostat on cell migration. Effects of givinostat on the reactive oxygen species profile, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in JS-1 cells were observed by laser confocal microscopy.
RESULTS: Givinostat significantly inhibited JS-1 cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis, leading to cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phases. Treatment with givinostat downregulated protein expression of CDK4, CDK6, and cyclin D1, whereas expression of p21 and p57 was significantly increased. The givinostat-induced apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells was mainly mediated through p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Givinostat treatment increased intracellular reactive oxygen species production, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and promoted mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Acetylation of superoxide dismutase (acetyl K68) and nuclear factor-κB p65 (acetyl K310) was upregulated, while there was no change in protein expression. Moreover, the notable beneficial effect of givinostat on liver fibrosis was also confirmed in the mouse models.
CONCLUSION: Givinostat has antifibrotic activities via regulating the acetylation of nuclear factor-κB and superoxide dismutase 2, thus inhibiting hepatic stellate cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis.
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Chou YW, Lin FF, Muniyan S, Lin FC, Chen CS, Wang J, Huang CC, Lin MF. Cellular prostatic acid phosphatase (cPAcP) serves as a useful biomarker of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in prostate cancer cell growth suppression. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:38. [PMID: 26185616 PMCID: PMC4504398 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed solid tumor and the second leading cancer death in the United States, and also one of the major cancer-related deaths in Chinese. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the first line treatment for metastatic PCa. PCa ultimately relapses with subsequent ADT treatment failure and becomes castrate-resistant (CR). It is important to develop effective therapies with a surrogate marker towards CR PCa. Method Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors were examined to determine their effects in androgen receptor (AR)/cellular prostatic acid phosphatase (cPAcP)-positive PCa cells, including LNCaP C-33, C-81, C4-2 and C4-2B and MDA PCa2b androgen-sensitive and androgen-independent cells, and AR/cPAcP-negative PCa cells, including PC-3 and DU 145 cells. Cell growth was determined by cell number counting. Western blot analyses were carried out to determine AR, cPAcP and PSA protein levels. Results cPAcP protein level was increased by HDAC inhibitor treatment. Valproic acid, a HDAC inhibitor, suppressed the growth of AR/cPAcP-positive PCa cells by over 50% in steroid-reduced conditions, higher than on AR/cPAcP-negative PCa cells. Further, HDAC inhibitor pretreatments increased androgen responsiveness as demonstrated by PSA protein level quantitation. Conclusion Our results clearly demonstrate that HDAC inhibitors can induce cPAcP protein level, increase androgen responsiveness, and exhibit higher inhibitory activities on AR/cPAcP-positive PCa cells than on AR/cPAcP-negative PCa cells. Upon HDAC inhibitor pretreatment, PSA level was greatly elevated by androgens. This data indicates the potential clinical importance of cPAcP serving as a useful biomarker in the identification of PCa patient sub-population suitable for HDAC inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Chou
- Tissue Bank and BioBank, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 123, Da-Pi Road, Niao-Song District, Kaohsiung, 833 Taiwan, ROC ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870 USA
| | - Fen-Fen Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870 USA
| | - Sakthivel Muniyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870 USA
| | - Frank C Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870 USA ; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona Medical Center, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Ching-Shih Chen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Jue Wang
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA ; University of Arizona Cancer Center, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Chao-Cheng Huang
- Tissue Bank and BioBank, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 123, Da-Pi Road, Niao-Song District, Kaohsiung, 833 Taiwan, ROC ; Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Fong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870 USA ; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA ; Department of Surgery/Urology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA ; School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
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Trécul A, Morceau F, Gaigneaux A, Schnekenburger M, Dicato M, Diederich M. Valproic acid regulates erythro-megakaryocytic differentiation through the modulation of transcription factors and microRNA regulatory micro-networks. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:299-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhang J, Zhong Q. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and cell death. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3885-901. [PMID: 24898083 PMCID: PMC4414051 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a vast family of enzymes involved in chromatin remodeling and have crucial roles in numerous biological processes, largely through their repressive influence on transcription. In addition to modifying histones, HDACs also target many other non-histone protein substrates to regulate gene expression. Recently, HDACs have gained growing attention as HDAC-inhibiting compounds are being developed as promising cancer therapeutics. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have been shown to induce differentiation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis in a variety of transformed cell lines. In this review, we mainly discuss how HDACi may elicit a therapeutic response to human cancers through different cell death pathways, in particular, apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Qing Zhong
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Anestopoulos I, Voulgaridou GP, Georgakilas AG, Franco R, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Epigenetic therapy as a novel approach in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 145:103-19. [PMID: 25205159 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver malignancy and one with high fatality. Its 5-year survival rate remains low and thus, there is a need for improvement of current treatment strategies as well as development of novel targeted methodologies in order to optimize existing therapeutic protocols. To this end, only recently, it was discovered that its pathophysiology also involves epigenetic alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifications and/or non-coding microRNA patterns. Unlike genetic events, epigenetic alterations are reversible and thus potentially considered to be an alternative option in cancer treatment protocols. In this review, we describe the general characteristics and resulted major alterations of the epigenetic machinery as well as current state of progress of epigenetic therapy (via different single or combinatorial experimental approaches) in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Anestopoulos
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- School of Applied Mathematical & Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Liu M, Jiang L, Guan XY. The genetic and epigenetic alterations in human hepatocellular carcinoma: a recent update. Protein Cell 2014; 5:673-91. [PMID: 24916440 PMCID: PMC4145080 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent human malignancies worldwide with very poor prognosis. It is generally accepted that the progression of HCC is a long-term process with accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations, which further lead to the activation of critical oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. HCC is characterized with multiple cancer hallmarks including their ability to proliferate, anti-apoptosis, invade, metastasis, as well as the emerging features such as stem cell properties and energy metabolic switch. The irreversible alterations at genetic level could be detected as early as in the pre-neoplastic stages and accumulate during cancer progression. Thus, they might account for the cancer initiating steps and further malignant transformation. In addition to genetic alterations, epigenetic alterations can affect the cancer transcriptome more extensively. Alterations in DNA methylation, histone modification, miRNAs, RNA editing, and lncRNAs might result in disrupted gene regulation networks and substantially contribute to HCC progression. In this review, the genetic and epigenetic alterations which significantly contribute to the malignant capabilities of HCC will be updated and summarized in detail. Further characterization of those critical molecular events might better elucidate the pathogenesis of HCC and provide novel therapeutic targets for treatment of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lingxi Jiang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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31
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Liu M, Jiang L, Guan XY. The genetic and epigenetic alterations in human hepatocellular carcinoma: a recent update. Protein Cell 2014. [PMID: 24916440 DOI: 10.1007/s13238- 014-0065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent human malignancies worldwide with very poor prognosis. It is generally accepted that the progression of HCC is a long-term process with accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations, which further lead to the activation of critical oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. HCC is characterized with multiple cancer hallmarks including their ability to proliferate, anti-apoptosis, invade, metastasis, as well as the emerging features such as stem cell properties and energy metabolic switch. The irreversible alterations at genetic level could be detected as early as in the pre-neoplastic stages and accumulate during cancer progression. Thus, they might account for the cancer initiating steps and further malignant transformation. In addition to genetic alterations, epigenetic alterations can affect the cancer transcriptome more extensively. Alterations in DNA methylation, histone modification, miRNAs, RNA editing, and lncRNAs might result in disrupted gene regulation networks and substantially contribute to HCC progression. In this review, the genetic and epigenetic alterations which significantly contribute to the malignant capabilities of HCC will be updated and summarized in detail. Further characterization of those critical molecular events might better elucidate the pathogenesis of HCC and provide novel therapeutic targets for treatment of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Pelascini LPL, Maggio I, Liu J, Holkers M, Cathomen T, Gonçalves MAFV. Histone deacetylase inhibition rescues gene knockout levels achieved with integrase-defective lentiviral vectors encoding zinc-finger nucleases. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2013; 24:399-411. [PMID: 24059449 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2013.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) work as dimers to induce double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) at predefined chromosomal positions. In doing so, they constitute powerful triggers to edit and to interrogate the function of genomic sequences in higher eukaryotes. A preferred route to introduce ZFNs into somatic cells relies on their cotransduction with two integrase-defective lentiviral vectors (IDLVs) each encoding a monomer of a functional heterodimeric pair. The episomal nature of IDLVs diminishes the risk of genotoxicity and ensures the strict transient expression profile necessary to minimize deleterious effects associated with long-term ZFN activity. However, by deploying IDLVs and conventional lentiviral vectors encoding HPRT1- or eGFP-specific ZFNs, we report that DSB formation at target alleles is limited after IDLV-mediated ZFN transfer. This IDLV-specific underperformance stems, to a great extent, from the activity of chromatin-remodeling histone deacetylases (HDACs). Importantly, the prototypic and U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved inhibitors of metal-dependent HDACs, trichostatin A and vorinostat, respectively, did not hinder illegitimate recombination-mediated repair of targeted chromosomal DSBs. This allowed rescuing IDLV-mediated site-directed mutagenesis to levels approaching those achieved by using their isogenic chromosomally integrating counterparts. Hence, HDAC inhibition constitutes an efficacious expedient to incorporate in genome-editing strategies based on transient IDLV-mediated ZFN expression. Finally, we compared two of the most commonly used readout systems to measure targeted gene knockout activities based on restriction and mismatch-sensitive endonucleases. These experiments indicate that these enzymatic assays display a similar performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia P L Pelascini
- 1 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Venturelli S, Berger A, Böcker A, Busch C, Weiland T, Noor S, Leischner C, Schleicher S, Mayer M, Weiss TS, Bischoff SC, Lauer UM, Bitzer M. Resveratrol as a pan-HDAC inhibitor alters the acetylation status of histone [corrected] proteins in human-derived hepatoblastoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73097. [PMID: 24023672 PMCID: PMC3758278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The polyphenolic alcohol resveratrol has demonstrated promising activities for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Different modes of action have been described for resveratrol including the activation of sirtuins, which represent the class III histone deacetylases (HDACs). However, little is known about the activity of resveratrol on the classical HDACs of class I, II and IV, although these classes are involved in cancer development or progression and inhibitors of HDACs (HDACi) are currently under investigation as promising novel anticancer drugs. We could show by in silico docking studies that resveratrol has the chemical structure to inhibit the activity of different human HDAC enzymes. In vitro analyses of overall HDAC inhibition and a detailed HDAC profiling showed that resveratrol inhibited all eleven human HDACs of class I, II and IV in a dose-dependent manner. Transferring this molecular mechanism into cancer therapy strategies, resveratrol treatment was analyzed on solid tumor cell lines. Despite the fact that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known to be particularly resistant against conventional chemotherapeutics, treatment of HCC with established HDACi already has shown promising results. Testing of resveratrol on hepatoma cell lines HepG2, Hep3B and HuH7 revealed a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect on all cell lines. Interestingly, only for HepG2 cells a specific inhibition of HDACs and in turn a histone hyperacetylation caused by resveratrol was detected. Additional testing of human blood samples demonstrated a HDACi activity by resveratrol ex vivo. Concluding toxicity studies showed that primary human hepatocytes tolerated resveratrol, whereas in vivo chicken embryotoxicity assays demonstrated severe toxicity at high concentrations. Taken together, this novel pan-HDACi activity opens up a new perspective of resveratrol for cancer therapy alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutics. Moreover, resveratrol may serve as a lead structure for chemical optimization of bioavailability, pharmacology or HDAC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Venturelli
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Busch
- Section of Dermato-Oncology, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Timo Weiland
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Seema Noor
- Section of Dermato-Oncology, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Leischner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Schleicher
- University Children's Hospital, Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mascha Mayer
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas S. Weiss
- Center for Liver Cell Research, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Regensburg Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan C. Bischoff
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrich M. Lauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Bitzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Li ZH, Zhang XB, Han XQ, Feng CR, Wang FS, Wang PG, Shen J, Shi YK. Antitumor effects of a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor NK-HDAC-1 on breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:499-505. [PMID: 23624828 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are overexpressed in various types of primary human cancer and have become attractive targets for cancer therapy. We designed and synthesized a series of new class of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi). Among these, S-(E)-3-(1-(1-(benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)-2-methylpropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-N-hydroxyacrylamide (NK-HDAC-1) showed potent antitumor activity. In the present study, we examined the antitumor effects of NK-HDAC-1 on breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. The inhibitory effects of NK-HDAC-1 on HDAC enzyme activity and cell growth were more potent compared to suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). NK-HDAC-1 caused G1 cell cycle arrest at concentrations below 0.2 µM and G2/M arrest at concentrations above 0.4 µM through p21 upregulation and cyclin D1 downregulation. NK-HADC-1 induced hyperacetylation of histone H3 and H4 around the promoter region of p21. NK-HDAC-1 promoted apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by activating both the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathway NK-HDAC-1 at doses of 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg reduced the tumor volume in MDA-MB-231 xenografts by 25.9, 48.8 and 63.6%, respectively. The results suggested that NK-HDAC-1 may be a promising therapeutic candidate in treating human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Wang J, Lam W, Kwong S, Li F, Friedman SL, Zhou S, Ren Q, Xu Z, Wang X, Ji L, Tang S, Zhang H, Lui EL, Ye T. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, largazole, decreases liver fibrosis and angiogenesis by inhibiting transforming growth factor-β and vascular endothelial growth factor signalling. Liver Int 2013; 33:504-15. [PMID: 23279742 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Largazole is a novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. This study investigated the effects of largazole against liver fibrosis. METHODS The in vitro effects of largazole were examined using hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In vivo effects of largazole were studied using a mouse liver fibrotic model induced by CCl4 . RESULTS Largazole augmented acetylation of histone H3 (H3) and histone H4 (H4) in HSCs. It directly inhibited the activation of HSCs owing to HDAC inhibitory activity as the antifibrotic effect of largazole was significantly decreased in cells with HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3 knockdown. Largazole also induced apoptosis of HSCs. Largazole not only inhibited the expression of TGFβR2, but also reduced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Akt induced by TGF-β1. Largazole also inhibited the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor. VEGF-induced proliferation of HSCs and activation of Akt and p38MAPK were also suppressed by largazole. In vivo, largazole reduced the expression of collagen I, α-smooth muscle actin and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in CCl4 -induced fibrosis, and these antifibrotic effects were associated with increased acetylation of H3 and H4. Largazole also induced HSCs to undergo apoptosis in vivo, which was correlated with downregulation of bcl-2 and bcl-xL. Furthermore, largazole inhibited angiogenesis in vivo as evidenced by reduced expression of CD34, VEGF and VEGFR. In addition to its antifibrotic activity, the drug reduced inflammatory activity in CCl4 -induced liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed a novel role of largazole in the treatment of liver fibrosis. Through multiple mechanisms, largazole could be a potentially effective antifibrotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liu
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Fraczek J, Vanhaecke T, Rogiers V. Toxicological and metabolic considerations for histone deacetylase inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:441-57. [PMID: 23286281 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.754011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vorinostat and romidepsin were the first histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDi) that fulfilled the preclinical promise of anticancer potential in clinical trials. Nevertheless, they merely opened a new chapter in the history of cancer therapy. Demonstration of their antitumor activity was a straightforward task in in vitro setting. Proving their efficacy in vivo was much more difficult, since the effects of an administrated drug strongly depend on its absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. AREAS COVERED This article summarizes clinical data on the pharmacokinetic properties of HDi that are currently at more advanced stages of clinical development. Specific attention is paid to the metabolic pathways. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of HDi-related adverse effects is given. EXPERT OPINION At this moment, HDi form one of the most interesting classes of therapeutics, yet their efficacy and safety profiles could still be improved by i) designing better formulations, ii) more extensive characterization of their disposition at the preclinical stage, iii) targeting of individual disease-related deacetylase isoforms and/or their complexes, iv) selecting a target patient population with the highest probability of response based on molecular signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Fraczek
- VUB, Toxicology, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels 1090, Belgium.
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Yeo W, Chung HC, Chan SL, Wang LZ, Lim R, Picus J, Boyer M, Mo FKF, Koh J, Rha SY, Hui EP, Jeung HC, Roh JK, Yu SCH, To KF, Tao Q, Ma BB, Chan AWH, Tong JHM, Erlichman C, Chan ATC, Goh BC. Epigenetic therapy using belinostat for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter phase I/II study with biomarker and pharmacokinetic analysis of tumors from patients in the Mayo Phase II Consortium and the Cancer Therapeutics Research Group. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:3361-7. [PMID: 22915658 PMCID: PMC3438233 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.41.2395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Epigenetic aberrations have been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study of patients with unresectable HCC and chronic liver disease, epigenetic therapy with the histone deacetylase inhibitor belinostat was assessed. The objectives were to determine dose-limiting toxicity and maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), to assess pharmacokinetics in phase I, and to assess activity of and explore potential biomarkers for response in phase II. PATIENTS AND METHODS Major eligibility criteria included histologically confirmed unresectable HCC, European Cooperative Oncology Group performance score ≤ 2, and adequate organ function. Phase I consisted of 18 patients; belinostat was given intravenously once per day on days 1 to 5 every 3 weeks; dose levels were 600 mg/m(2) per day (level 1), 900 mg/m(2) per day (level 2), 1,200 mg/m(2) per day (level 3), and 1,400 mg/m(2) per day (level 4). Phase II consisted of 42 patients. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS), and the main secondary end points were response according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and overall survival (OS). Exploratory analysis was conducted on pretreatment tumor tissues to determine whether HR23B expression is a potential biomarker for response. RESULTS Belinostat pharmacokinetics were linear from 600 to 1,400 mg/m(2) without significant accumulation. The MTD was not reached at the maximum dose administered. Dose level 4 was used in phase II. The median number of cycles was two (range, one to 12). The partial response (PR) and stable disease (SD) rates were 2.4% and 45.2%, respectively. The median PFS and OS were 2.64 and 6.60 months, respectively. Exploratory analysis revealed that disease stabilization rate (complete response plus PR plus SD) in tumors having high and low HR23B histoscores were 58% and 14%, respectively (P = .036). CONCLUSION Epigenetic therapy with belinostat demonstrates tumor stabilization and is generally well-tolerated. HR23B expression was associated with disease stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Yeo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Lab of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Kwiecińska P, Taubøll E, Gregoraszczuk EŁ. Comparison of the effects of valproic acid and levetiracetam on apoptosis in the human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:603-14. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Noh JH, Jung KH, Kim JK, Eun JW, Bae HJ, Xie HJ, Chang YG, Kim MG, Park WS, Lee JY, Nam SW. Aberrant regulation of HDAC2 mediates proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by deregulating expression of G1/S cell cycle proteins. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28103. [PMID: 22132221 PMCID: PMC3223227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is crucial for embryonic development, affects cytokine signaling relevant for immune responses and is often significantly overexpressed in solid tumors; but little is known about its role in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we showed that targeted-disruption of HDAC2 resulted in reduction of both tumor cell growth and de novo DNA synthesis in Hep3B cells. We then demonstrated that HDAC2 regulated cell cycle and that disruption of HDAC2 caused G1/S arrest in cell cycle. In G1/S transition, targeted-disruption of HDAC2 selectively induced the expression of p16INK4A and p21WAF1/Cip1, and simultaneously suppressed the expression of cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK2. Consequently, HDAC2 inhibition led to the down-regulation of E2F/DP1 target genes through a reduction in phosphorylation status of pRb protein. In addition, sustained suppression of HDAC2 attenuated in vitro colony formation and in vivo tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. Further, we found that HDAC2 suppresses p21WAF1/Cip1 transcriptional activity via Sp1-binding site enriched proximal region of p21WAF1/Cip1 promoter. In conclusion, we suggest that the aberrant regulation of HDAC2 may play a pivotal role in the development of HCC through its regulation of cell cycle components at the transcription level providing HDAC2 as a relevant target in liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Heon Noh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Hwa Jung
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Woo Eun
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Bae
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Jian Xie
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Gyoon Chang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Gyu Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Sang Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Young Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk Woo Nam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: .
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Ouyang D, Zhang Y, Xu L, Li J, Zha Q, He X. Histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid sensitizes B16F10 melanoma cells to cucurbitacin B treatment. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2011; 43:487-95. [PMID: 21628505 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmr032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacin B (CuB) is reported to have anti-proliferation effects on a variety of tumors including melanoma, and more effective regimens by combination of this agent with others are under investigation. In this study, the anti-melanoma effect of CuB as a single agent and in combination with valproic acid (VPA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), was evaluated in B16F10, a mouse melanoma cell line. The results demonstrated that CuB inhibited the proliferation of the cell line in a dose-dependent manner. However, it was likely that a pro-survival compensatory response, involving the induction of autophagy and upregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, was induced by CuB treatment, which might greatly decrease the cytotoxicity of this agent. Supporting this, the melanoma cells were found to be more sensitive to the combination of CuB with chloroquine, a well-known autophagy inhibitor. And CuB-induced autophagy was associated with c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, at least partly, since inhibition of JNK activity by SP600125 could alleviate the autophagy. When CuB was combined with VPA, the two drugs showed synergistic cytotoxicity by induction of cell apoptosis. Moreover, the multiploidization effect of CuB was also suppressed in the presence of VPA. In contrast to the transient activation of JNKs by CuB, the combination of CuB and VPA resulted in prolonged JNK activation, although at low level after 4 h. Our results demonstrated that HDAC inhibitor VPA can sensitize B16F10 cells to CuB treatment through induction of apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Ouyang
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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ERK1/2 activation plays important roles in the opposite effects of Trichostatin A in non-cancer and cancer cells. Toxicon 2011; 57:932-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chateauvieux S, Eifes S, Morceau F, Grigorakaki C, Schnekenburger M, Henry E, Dicato M, Diederich M. Valproic acid perturbs hematopoietic homeostasis by inhibition of erythroid differentiation and activation of the myelo-monocytic pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:498-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Shein NA, Shohami E. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutic agents for acute central nervous system injuries. Mol Med 2011; 17:448-56. [PMID: 21274503 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are emerging as a novel class of potentially therapeutic agents for treating acute injuries of the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we summarize data regarding the effects of HDAC inhibitor administration in models of acute CNS injury and discuss issues warranting clinical trials. We have previously shown that the pan-HDAC inhibitor ITF2357, a compound shown to be safe and effective in humans, improves functional recovery and attenuates tissue damage when administered as late as 24 h after injury. Using a well-characterized, clinically relevant mouse model of closed head injury, we demonstrated that a single dose of ITF2357 administered 24 h after injury improves neurobehavioral recovery and reduces tissue damage. ITF2357-induced functional improvement was found to be sustained up to 14 d after trauma and was associated with augmented histone acetylation. Single postinjury administration of ITF2357 also attenuated injury-induced inflammatory responses, as indicated by reduced glial accumulation and activation as well as enhanced caspase-3 expression within microglia/macrophages after treatment. Because no specific therapeutic intervention is currently available for treating brain trauma patients, the ability to affect functional outcome by postinjury administration of HDAC inhibitors within a clinically feasible timeframe may be of great importance. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence indicates that HDAC inhibitors are beneficial for treating various forms of acute CNS injury including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Because HDAC inhibitors are currently approved for other use, they represent a promising new avenue of treatment, and their use in the setting of CNS injury warrants clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na'ama A Shein
- Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Wu LM, Yang Z, Zhou L, Zhang F, Xie HY, Feng XW, Wu J, Zheng SS. Identification of histone deacetylase 3 as a biomarker for tumor recurrence following liver transplantation in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14460. [PMID: 21206745 PMCID: PMC3012077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that high expression levels of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) correlate with malignant phenotype and poor prognosis in some human tumors. However, the expression patterns and prognostic role of class I HDAC isoforms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The expression patterns and clinical significance of class I HDAC isoforms were assessed by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 43 hepatitis B virus-associated HCC patients treated with liver transplantation. In addition, the effects of HDAC inhibition on HCC cell behavior were investigated by knockdown of the HDAC isoform with short interfering RNA. Class I HDACs were highly expressed in a subset of HCCs with positivity for HDAC1 in 51.2%, HDAC2 in 48.8%, and HDAC3 in 32.6% of cases. The expression levels of HDAC isoforms were significantly associated with the proliferation index of HCC. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that a high expression level of HDAC2 or HDAC3 implicated significantly reduced recurrence-free survival. Cox proportional hazards model analysis revealed HDAC3 overexpression was an unfavorable independent prognostic factor (P = 0.002; HR 3.907). In vitro, inhibition of HDAC2 and HDAC3, but not HDAC1, suppressed proliferation and the invasiveness of liver cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings demonstrate that HDAC3 plays a significant role in regulating tumor cell proliferation and invasion, and it could be served as a candidate biomarker for predicting the recurrence of hepatitis B virus-associated HCC following liver transplantation and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Wu
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Key Lab of Organ Transplantation, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Key Lab of Organ Transplantation, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Key Lab of Organ Transplantation, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Key Lab of Organ Transplantation, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Yang Xie
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Key Lab of Organ Transplantation, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Feng
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Key Lab of Organ Transplantation, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Key Lab of Organ Transplantation, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu-Sen Zheng
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Key Lab of Organ Transplantation, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
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Evankovich J, Cho SW, Zhang R, Cardinal J, Dhupar R, Zhang L, Klune JR, Zlotnicki J, Billiar T, Tsung A. High mobility group box 1 release from hepatocytes during ischemia and reperfusion injury is mediated by decreased histone deacetylase activity. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:39888-97. [PMID: 20937823 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.128348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mobilization and extracellular release of nuclear high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) by ischemic cells activates inflammatory pathways following liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In immune cells such as macrophages, post-translational modification by acetylation appears to be critical for active HMGB1 release. Hyperacetylation shifts its equilibrium from a predominant nuclear location toward cytosolic accumulation and subsequent release. However, mechanisms governing its release by parenchymal cells such as hepatocytes are unknown. In this study, we found that serum HMGB1 released following liver I/R in vivo is acetylated, and that hepatocytes exposed to oxidative stress in vitro also released acetylated HMGB1. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a family of enzymes that remove acetyl groups and control the acetylation status of histones and various intracellular proteins. Levels of acetylated HMGB1 increased with a concomitant decrease in total nuclear HDAC activity, suggesting that suppression in HDAC activity contributes to the increase in acetylated HMGB1 release after oxidative stress in hepatocytes. We identified the isoforms HDAC1 and HDAC4 as critical in regulating acetylated HMGB1 release. Activation of HDAC1 was decreased in the nucleus of hepatocytes undergoing oxidative stress. In addition, HDAC1 knockdown with siRNA promoted HMGB1 translocation and release. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HDAC4 is shuttled from the nucleus to cytoplasm in response to oxidative stress, resulting in decreased HDAC activity in the nucleus. Together, these findings suggest that decreased nuclear HDAC1 and HDAC4 activities in hepatocytes following liver I/R is a mechanism that promotes the hyperacetylation and subsequent release of HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Evankovich
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Liu S, Wang N, Yao H, Jiang N, Lu X. Preparation and identification of monoclonal antibody against human hepatocellular carcinoma with a novel immunization. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2010; 28:43-50. [PMID: 19239369 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2008.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prepare and identify a novel monoclonal antibody (MAb) against human primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) with high specificity and activity. The hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 was used to immunize BALB/c mice for preparing MAb with the classic hybridoma production technique. Tail vein injection immunization combined with intrasplenic injection was applied for improvement. Immunoperoxidase staining studies showed that the MAb was reactive to HepG2 and another hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, SMMC7721, 98.5% (67/68) specimens of hepatocellular carcinoma, but not to normal human liver tissues and tissues derived from the other malignant tumors, except one of the five specimens of cholangiocarcinoma with dubious staining. Laser confocal scanning microscope (LCSM) analysis indicated that the MAb reacted with the whole cell, including the membrane fractions and the cytoplasm. The hybridoma cell contained 103 +/- 5 chromosomes, and the MAb was identified as IgM subclass by ELISA. It was concluded that this combined immunization can effectively produce highly specific MAb against PHC, and this MAb may be of potential use as a targeting agent for radionuclide therapy and chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ghuangzhou, China.
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Yang H, Nie Y, Li Y, Wan YJY. Histone modification-mediated CYP2E1 gene expression and apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:32-9. [PMID: 20404016 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2009.009252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is rising due to alcohol drinking, hepatitis C viral infection and metabolic syndrome. Differential expression of CYP2E1 may play a pleiotropic role in the multistep process of liver carcinogenesis. Considerable attention has focused on the antitumor effect of trichostatin A (TSA) as well as CYP2E1 expression-induced apoptosis of cancer cells. However, very few studies have examined the mechanisms by which TSA has an antitumor effect and its association to CYP2E1 expression. The current study examined the action of TSA on CYP2E1 expression and the role of CYP2E1 in inducing apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Our data showed that TSA selectively induced CYP2E1 in four studied human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines (Huh7, PLC/PRF/5, Hep3B and HepG2), but not in normal primary human hepatocytes. TSA-mediated up-regulation of CYP2E1 expression was associated with histone H3 acetylation and the recruitment of HNF-1 and HNF-3beta to the CYP2E1 promoter in HepG2 cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown experiments showed that TSA-induced caspase-3 cleavage was decreased due to reduced expression of CYP2E1 in HepG2 cells. Moreover, down-regulation of CYP2E1 was accompanied by decreased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. These results suggest that histone modification is involved in CYP2E1 gene expression and that CYP2E1-dependent mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a role in TSA-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, First Municipal's People Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510180, China
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Zhang Y, Feng J, Liu C, Zhang L, Jiao J, Fang H, Su L, Zhang X, Zhang J, Li M, Wang B, Xu W. Design, synthesis and preliminary activity assay of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as novel Histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:1761-72. [PMID: 20171895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dong XJ, Zhang GR, Zhou QJ, Pan RL, Chen Y, Xiang LX, Shao JZ. Direct hepatic differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells induced by valproic acid and cytokines. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:5165-75. [PMID: 19891015 PMCID: PMC2773895 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.5165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To develop a protocol for direct hepatic lineage differentiation from early developmental progenitors to a population of mature hepatocytes.
METHODS: Hepatic progenitor cells and then mature hepatocytes from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells were obtained in a sequential manner, induced by valproic acid (VPA) and cytokines (hepatocyte growth factor, epidermal growth factor and insulin). Morphological changes of the differentiated cells were examined by phase-contrast microscopy and electron microscopy. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical analyses were used to evaluate the gene expression profiles of the VPA-induced hepatic progenitors and the hepatic progenitor-derived hepatocytes. Glycogen storage, cytochrome P450 activity, transplantation assay, differentiation of bile duct-like structures and tumorigenic analyses were performed for the functional identification of the differentiated cells. Furthermore, FACS and electron microscopy were used for the analyses of cell cycle profile and apoptosis in VPA-induced hepatic differentiated cells.
RESULTS: Based on the combination of VPA and cytokines, mouse ES cells differentiated into a uniform and homogeneous cell population of hepatic progenitor cells and then matured into functional hepatocytes. The progenitor population shared several characteristics with ES cells and hepatic stem/progenitor cells, and represented a novel progenitor cell between ES and hepatic oval cells in embryonic development. The differentiated hepatocytes from progenitor cells shared typical characteristics with mature hepatocytes, including the patterns of gene expression, immunological markers, in vitro hepatocyte functions and in vivo capacity to restore acute-damaged liver function. In addition, the differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells from ES cells was accompanied by significant cell cycle arrest and selective survival of differentiating cells towards hepatic lineages.
CONCLUSION: Hepatic cells of different developmental stages from early progenitors to matured hepatocytes can be acquired in the appropriate order based on sequential induction with VPA and cytokines.
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Su H, Yu L, Nebbioso A, Carafa V, Chen Y, Altucci L, You Q. Novel N-hydroxybenzamide-based HDAC inhibitors with branched CAP group. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6284-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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