1
|
Prata TVG, Paula VGD, Passos LO, Brogiato VLB, Ferreira GM, Manchiero C, Dantas BP, Battaglia DBR, Figueiredo GM, Tengan FM, Magri MC. Exploring the combined effects of MTTP gene polymorphisms in chronic hepatitis C patients with hepatic steatosis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102291. [PMID: 38290649 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Thamiris Vaz Gago Prata
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victória Gonçalves de Paula
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lhays Ozório Passos
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitória Luiza Batalhoti Brogiato
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Manoel Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Manchiero
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Peixoto Dantas
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Bignotto Rosane Battaglia
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gerusa Maria Figueiredo
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fátima Mitiko Tengan
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cavalheiro Magri
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Cao Y, Guo J, Li D, Zhang H, Song Q, Lu J. Association between MTTP genotype (-493G/T) polymorphism and hepatic steatosis in hepatitis C: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:154. [PMID: 37726765 PMCID: PMC10507831 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C has been associated with the development of hepatic steatosis, which increases the risk of liver cancer. The microsomal triglyceride transporter protein (MTTP), is a lipid transport protein that mediates lipid metabolism and CD1d antigen presentation. The study aimed to explore the association between MTTP genotype (-493G/T) polymorphism and hepatic steatosis in hepatitis C. METHODS The database "Pubmed, Cochrane library, CNKI, Web of science, Embase and CBM" were retrieved to identify the literature. The quality of the selected literature was evaluated using the "the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale" (NOS). Relevant data was extracted and analyzed using the Stata software. Heterogeneity was expressed by "Cochran's Q and I2", with I2 ≥ 50% or P < 0.05 indicating high heterogeneity. A random-effects model and subgroup analysis were conducted to identify the sources of heterogeneity. We also used "Funnel plots", "Egger's tests" and "Begg's tests" to evaluate biases in the literature. RESULTS The study found a significant and positive association between liver steatosis and the HCV genotype 3 with a dominant model of the MTTP genotype (-493G/T) (OR = 11.57, 95%CI: 4.467-29.962, P < 0.001). In contrast, no correlation was found between hepatic steatosis and either the recessive, homozygous or heterozygous models (OR = 1.142, P = 0.5; OR = 1.581, P = 0.081; OR = 1.029, P = 0.86). There was no significant publication biases, as measured by the Funnel plot, and the Egger's and Begg's tests. Finally, sensitivity analysis showed the obtained results are stable. CONCLUSIONS Dominant mutations in the T allele of the MTTP genotype (-493G/T) increase susceptibility to hepatic steatosis in patients presenting with the HCV genotype 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology Research, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dezhao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingkun Song
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology Research, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prata TVG, Manchiero C, Dantas BP, Nunes AKDS, Tengan FM, Magri MC. Effect of MTTP -493G/T, I128T, Q95H and Q244E polymorphisms on hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100094. [PMID: 36027755 PMCID: PMC9424342 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis C is characterized by a progressive deterioration of liver function and is involved in metabolic complications, such as hepatic steatosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of host and viral characteristics associated with -493G/T (rs1800591), I128T (rs3816873), Q95H (rs61733139), and Q244E (rs17599091) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein (MTTP) gene on hepatic steatosis in chronic hepatitis C. METHODS SNPs were genotyped by PCR-RFLP and analyzed in combination with host and viral characteristics by multiple logistic regression in different genetic models of inheritance. RESULTS The authors analyzed 236 patients with chronic hepatitis C, and 53% had hepatic steatosis. The mutated allele frequencies were > 5%, and the genotypes were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p ≥ 0.05). It was observed that patients with HCV genotype 3 infection (OR = 2.74, 95% CI 1.24‒6.06, p = 0.013), female sex (OR = 2.28, 95% CI 1.21‒4.28, p = 0.011) and moderate- and high-intensity liver inflammatory activity (A2-A3) (OR = 3.61, 95% CI 1.86‒7.01, p < 0.001) alone exhibited a higher risk of steatosis. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis for interaction showed that for the -493G/T SNP, when the GT/TT genotype (dominant model) and the GT genotype (codominant model) were each combined with HCV genotype 3 infection, an 11.51-fold (95% CI 2.08‒63.59, p = 0.005) and a 15.69-fold (95% CI 2.46‒99.85, p = 0.004) increased risk of steatosis, respectively, was observed. For the I128T SNP, when both the IT/TT genotype (dominant model) and the IT genotype (codominant model) were combined with HCV genotype 3 infection, an 8.51-fold (95% CI 1.59‒45.54, p = 0.012) and an 8.40 fold (95% CI 1.51‒46.91, p = 0.015) increased risk of steatosis, respectively, was observed. CONCLUSION The present study showed that the viral genotype combined with the -493G/T and I128T SNPs in the MTTP gene influences hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thamiris Vaz Gago Prata
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Médica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Manchiero
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Médica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Peixoto Dantas
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Médica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arielle Karen da Silva Nunes
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Médica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fátima Mitiko Tengan
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Médica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cavalheiro Magri
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Médica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Adherence to a Fish-Rich Dietary Pattern Is Associated with Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Showing Low Viral Load: Implications for Nutritional Management. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103337. [PMID: 34684338 PMCID: PMC8541240 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is influenced by genetic (e.g., APOE polymorphisms) and environmental factors between the virus and the host. HCV modulates the host’s lipid metabolism but dietary components influence lipids and in vitro HCV RNA replication. Few data exist on the role of dietary features or patterns (DPs) in HCV infection. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the nutritional profiles of chronic HCV (CHC) and spontaneous clearance (SC) Mexican patients in the context of APOE alleles and their correlation with HCV-related variables. The fibrosis-related APOEε3 allele prevailed in CHC and SC patients, who had four DPs (“meat and soft drinks”, DP1; “processed animal and fried foods”, DP2; “Mexican-healthy”, DP3; and “fish-rich”, DP4). In CHC subjects, polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (PUFA ≥ 4.9%) was negatively associated, and fiber intake (≥21.5 g/day) was positively associated with a high viral load (p < 0.036). High adherence to fish-rich DP4 was associated with a higher frequency of CHC individuals consuming PUFA ≥ 4.9% (p = 0.004) and low viral load (p = 0.036), but a lower frequency of CHC individuals consuming fiber ≥21.5 g/day (p = 0.038). In SC and CHC individuals, modifying unhealthy DPs and targeting HCV-interacting nutrients, respectively, could be part of a nutritional management strategy to prevent further liver damage.
Collapse
|
5
|
Diagnosis and management of secondary causes of steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2021; 74:1455-1471. [PMID: 33577920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The term non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was originally coined to describe hepatic fat deposition as part of the metabolic syndrome. However, a variety of rare hereditary liver and metabolic diseases, intestinal diseases, endocrine disorders and drugs may underlie, mimic, or aggravate NAFLD. In contrast to primary NAFLD, therapeutic interventions are available for many secondary causes of NAFLD. Accordingly, secondary causes of fatty liver disease should be considered during the diagnostic workup of patients with fatty liver disease, and treatment of the underlying disease should be started to halt disease progression. Common genetic variants in several genes involved in lipid handling and metabolism modulate the risk of progression from steatosis to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma development in NAFLD, alcohol-related liver disease and viral hepatitis. Hence, we speculate that genotyping of common risk variants for liver disease progression may be equally useful to gauge the likelihood of developing advanced liver disease in patients with secondary fatty liver disease.
Collapse
|
6
|
The role of PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 polymorphisms on liver fibrosis and metabolic abnormalities in Brazilian patients with chronic hepatitis C. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:81. [PMID: 33622266 PMCID: PMC7901065 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the growing body of knowledge about TM6SF2 and PNPLA3 polymorphisms in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, their influence in the spectrum of HCV liver disease is not yet fully defined. Besides that, admixed populations, such as Brazilians, were not included in most of the studies. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 365 treatment-naïve patients with HCV and 134 healthy individuals. TM6SF2 (rs58542926 c.499C > T) and PNPLA3 (rs738409 c.444C > G) polymorphisms were evaluated regarding their association with clinical and laboratory data, histological liver steatosis and fibrosis, and with components of the metabolic syndrome. Results In HCV subjects, the frequencies of TM6SF2 CC and CT + TT were 89% and 11%, while PNPLA3 frequencies of CC and CG + GG were 51.4% and 48.6%. In the univariate logistic regression analysis, the TM6SF2 CT + TT genotype in HCV was associated with significant liver fibrosis (p = 0.047; OR 1.953; 95% CI 1.009–3.788). In comparison to the CT + TT genotype, the TM6SF2 CC genotype in HCV was associated with older age (p = 0.002), higher frequency of arterial hypertension (p = 0.032), obesity (p = 0.030), metabolic syndrome (p = 0.014) and lower total cholesterol levels (p = 0.036). The PNPLA3 GG subjects had lower body mass index than CG/ CC individuals (p = 0.047). None of the polymorphisms, or their combinations, was independently associated with hepatic steatosis or fibrosis. On the other hand, older age, lower serum levels of total cholesterol, and higher serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were associated with liver fibrosis in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion In this evaluation of an admixed HCV population, neither TM6SF2 nor PNPLA3 polymorphisms were independently associated with hepatic steatosis or fibrosis. Other factors seem more influential than these specific polymorphisms in isolation. More studies are warranted to clarify the role of the TM6SF2 and PNPLA3 polymorphisms in Brazilians with HCV.
Collapse
|
7
|
Fan L, Li H, Wang W. Long non-coding RNA PRRT3-AS1 silencing inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis and autophagy. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:793-808. [PMID: 32086850 DOI: 10.1113/ep088011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the role of lncRNA PRRT3-AS1 in the regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) gene-mediated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway in proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of prostate cancer cells? What is the main finding and its importance? The targeting relation between lncRNA PRRT3-AS1 and PPARγ was verified, and it was demonstrated that silencing of lncRNA PRRT3-AS1 can upregulate apoptosis and autophagy yet downregulate proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells through the mTOR signalling pathway. Further work is needed to consolidate the therapeutic value of lncRNA PRRT3-AS1 in clinical trials and treatment of prostate cancer. ABSTRACT Although long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are correlated with multiple cancers, their molecular mechanisms in prostate cancer (PC) remain inadequately understood. This study investigated the effects of lncRNA PRRT3-AS1 on the progression of prostate cancer (PC) with involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Microarray analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed genes and lncRNAs associated with PC. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis were employed to test the expression of lncRNA PRRT3-AS1, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway-, apoptosis- and autophagy-related genes. A scratch test, Transwell assay, CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry and monodansylcadaverine staining were employed to identify the migration, invasion, proliferation activity, cell cycle and apoptosis and autophagy of PC3 cells, respectively. Tumorigenicity assays in nude mice were used to detect the tumorigenic ability. GSE55945 and GSE46602 datasets indicated that lncRNA PRRT3-AS1 was highly expressed in PC. PPARγ was predicted as a target gene of lncRNA PRRT3-AS1. Ectopic overexpression of PPARγ or lncRNA PRRT3-AS1 silencing led to inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion, and accelerated apoptosis. Furthermore, the delivery of si-PRRT3-AS1 or PPARγ vector to PC3 cells resulted in the regression of xenografts in nude mice. Based on the in vitro and in vivo experiments, silencing of lncRNA PRRT3-AS1 was observed to activate the PPARγ gene, which in turn could inhibit PC cell proliferation and promote apoptosis and autophagy by blocking the mTOR signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Department of Urology, China and Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, P.R. China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Urology, China and Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Department of Urology, China and Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
MTTP polymorphisms and hepatic steatosis in individuals chronically infected with hepatitis C virus. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2559-2563. [PMID: 31321587 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) gene were genotyped in individuals who were chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). In the 236 patients, the frequencies of risk alleles of the -164T/C (rs1800804), -400A/T (rs1800803) and H297Q (rs2306985) polymorphisms were 0.30, 0.41 and 0.50, respectively. A significant association between the risk alleles of the -164T/C and -400A/T polymorphisms combined with HCV genotype 3 infection and the occurrence of steatosis was detected (p = 0.004 and p = 0.032), suggesting that a combination of host and viral factors can potentially be used to predict hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Hoff JL, Decker JE, Schnabel RD, Seabury CM, Neibergs HL, Taylor JF. QTL-mapping and genomic prediction for bovine respiratory disease in U.S. Holsteins using sequence imputation and feature selection. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:555. [PMID: 31277567 PMCID: PMC6612181 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND National genetic evaluations for disease resistance do not exist, precluding the genetic improvement of cattle for these traits. We imputed BovineHD genotypes to whole genome sequence for 2703 Holsteins that were cases or controls for Bovine Respiratory Disease and sampled from either California or New Mexico to construct and compare genomic prediction models. The sequence variation reference dataset comprised variants called for 1578 animals from Run 5 of the 1000 Bull Genomes Project, including 450 Holsteins and 29 animals sequenced from this study population. Genotypes for 9,282,726 variants with minor allele frequencies ≥5% were imputed and used to obtain genomic predictions in GEMMA using a Bayesian Sparse Linear Mixed Model. RESULTS Variation explained by markers increased from 13.6% using BovineHD data to 14.4% using imputed whole genome sequence data and the resolution of genomic regions detected as harbouring QTL substantially increased. Explained variation in the analysis of the combined California and New Mexico data was less than when data for each state were separately analysed and the estimated genetic correlation between risk of Bovine Respiratory Disease in California and New Mexico Holsteins was - 0.36. Consequently, genomic predictions trained using the data from one state did not accurately predict disease risk in the other state. To determine if a prediction model could be developed with utility in both states, we selected variants within genomic regions harbouring: 1) genes involved in the normal immune response to infection by pathogens responsible for Bovine Respiratory Disease detected by RNA-Seq analysis, and/or 2) QTL identified in the association analysis of the imputed sequence variants. The model based on QTL selected variants is biased but when trained in one state generated BRD risk predictions with positive accuracies in the other state. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the utility of sequence-based and biology-driven model development for genomic selection. Disease phenotypes cannot be routinely recorded in most livestock species and the observed phenotypes may vary in their genomic architecture due to variation in the pathogen composition across environments. Elucidation of trait biology and genetic architecture may guide the development of prediction models with utility across breeds and environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse L Hoff
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jared E Decker
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Robert D Schnabel
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Christopher M Seabury
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Holly L Neibergs
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Jeremy F Taylor
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ghalamkari S, Sharafi H, Alavian SM. Association of PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism with liver steatosis but not with cirrhosis in patients with HBV infection: Systematic review with meta-analysis. J Gene Med 2019; 20. [PMID: 29218813 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide health issue and is well known for being the main cause of developing secondary liver complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism has been investigated conclusively with occurrence risk of steatosis and cirrhosis. Therefore, performing a meta-analysis of the available studies with the aim of clarifying the association between rs738409 and occurrence risk of steatosis and cirrhosis among HBV-infected patients would be helpful. METHODS Chronic HBV infection was defined as the persistence of HBsAg for more than 6 months. To gather sufficient data for this meta-analysis, reliable databases were conclusively searched using appropriate keywords. Only studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the present study. RESULTS This meta-analysis pooled four studies with 1135 cases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) to evaluate the impact of PNPLA3 SNP on liver steatosis and also pooled five studies with 3713 cases of CHB to evaluate the impact of PNPLA3 SNP on cirrhosis. The association of rs738409 with each complication was investigated. The rs738409 was found to be associated with steatosis in recessive [p = 4.57 × 10-6 , odds ratio (OR) = 2.85], dominant (p = 4.35 × 10-6 , OR = 1.84), co-dominant (p = 6.18 × 10-8 ; OR = 3.74) and allelic (p = 9.79 × 10-9 ; OR = 1.78) models. No association was found between rs738409 and cirrhosis development in recessive (p = 0.99, OR = 1.00), dominant (p = 0.30, OR = 0.92), co-dominant (p = 0.74; OR = 0.96) and allelic (p = 0.45; OR = 0.96) models. CONCLUSIONS Although the PNPLA3 rs738409 G allele has been associated with the risk of steatosis in CHB patients, no association between this polymorphism and the risk of cirrhosis was seen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Ghalamkari
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Heidar Sharafi
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran.,Meta-analysis Study Group, Iran Hepatitis Network, Tehran, IR, Iran.,Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran.,Meta-analysis Study Group, Iran Hepatitis Network, Tehran, IR, Iran.,Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, IR, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
O'Brien TR, Yang HI, Groover S, Jeng WJ. Genetic Factors That Affect Spontaneous Clearance of Hepatitis C or B Virus, Response to Treatment, and Disease Progression. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:400-417. [PMID: 30287169 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections can lead to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Over the past decade, studies of individuals infected with these viruses have established genetic associations with the probability of developing a chronic infection, risk of disease progression, and likelihood of treatment response. We review genetic and genomic methods that have been used to study risk of HBV and HCV infection and patient outcomes. For example, genome-wide association studies have linked a region containing the interferon lambda genes to spontaneous and treatment-induced clearance of HCV. We review the genetic variants associated with HCV and HBV infection, and how these variants affect specific expression or activities of their products. Further studies of these variants could provide insights into risk factors for and mechanisms of chronic infection and disease progression, as well as new strategies for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R O'Brien
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Hwai-I Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sarah Groover
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Wen-Juei Jeng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
PNPLA3 p.I148M and TM6SF2 p.E167K variants do not predispose to liver injury in cholestatic liver diseases: A prospective analysis of 178 patients with PSC. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202942. [PMID: 30161167 PMCID: PMC6117000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The adiponutrin (PNPLA3) p.I148M and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) p.E167K variants represent major genetic risk factors for progressive liver injury in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and chronic viral hepatitis. The aim of this study was to find out whether these variants have a detrimental impact on the progression of chronic liver disease in patients with prolonged cholestasis induced by primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Methods We prospectively recruited 178 PSC patients (112 male, age range 17–75 years, 55 with liver cirrhosis, 94 with ulcerative colitis, 48 transplanted during follow-up). PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 polymorphisms were genotyped using dedicated TaqMan assays. Associations between genotypes, biochemical and clinical phenotypes were analyzed using contingency tables. Results Allele and genotype distribution of both variants were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant differences in the genotype distribution of PNPLA3 (P = 0.90) or TM6SF2 (P = 0.72) were observed between patients with cirrhosis and patients without cirrhosis. Serum liver enzyme activities were not modified by the presence of PNPLA3 (ALT P = 0.88, AST P = 0.77) or TM6SF2 (ALT P = 0.92, AST P = 0.49) risk variants. Increasing number of risk alleles had no impact on serum liver enzyme activities, as demonstrated by a separate analysis of patients carrying 0 (n = 99), 1 (n = 64), 2 (n = 12) or 3 (n = 3) risk alleles (P>0.05). No impact of PNPLA3 or TM6SF2 risk variants was detectable in patients with PSC and ulcerative colitis, and none of the variants increased the odds of transplantation. Conclusions Neither PNPLA3 nor TM6SF2 polymorphisms seem to contribute significantly towards an increased risk for deterioration of liver function in patients with PSC. These results underscore the divergent mechanisms of liver damage in cholestatic conditions as compared to metabolic and viral liver diseases.
Collapse
|
13
|
Matsuura K, Tanaka Y. Host genetic variations associated with disease progression in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:127-133. [PMID: 29235266 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with recently developed interferon-free oral regimens combining direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) results in the elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in almost all chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. In the era of DAAs, surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after eradication of HCV by anti-HCV therapy is particularly important. As is well known, an advanced state of hepatic fibrosis is the major risk factor for developing HCC. Therefore, an increased understanding of various factors associated with disease progression and development of HCC in CHC patients is essential for implementing personalized treatment and surveillance of disease progression and HCC. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several host genetic variants influencing treatment efficacy or clinical course in HCV infection. This review focuses on these host genetic variations recently identified, mainly by GWAS, which are associated with the clinical course of chronic HCV infection, especially disease progression and hepatocarcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Recent Advances in the Pathogenesis of Hepatitis C Virus-Related Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Impact on Patients Cured of Hepatitis C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11901-017-0370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
15
|
Nakamoto S, Imazeki F, Kanda T, Wu S, Nakamura M, Yasui S, Tawada A, Mikata R, Chiba T, Arai M, Yokosuka O, Shirasawa H. Association of IFNL3 Genotype with Hepatic Steatosis in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Treated with Peginterferon and Ribavirin Combination Therapy. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:1088-1093. [PMID: 29104462 PMCID: PMC5666539 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.20171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation near the interferon lambda 3 (IFNL3) is known to be associated with response to pegylated interferon (pegIFN) and ribavirin combination therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection which is often accompanied by hepatic steatosis. AIMS We examined whether this genetic variation is associated with host lipids and treatment response. METHODS A total of 101 Japanese patients who had underwent liver biopsy before treatment with pegIFN and ribavirin for HCV genotype 1b infection were retrospectively analyzed for association between IFNL3 genotypes (rs8099917) and clinical factors including histopathological features of the liver. The presence of >5% steatosis in the liver specimen was defined as hepatic steatosis. RESULTS Forty patients (40%) had liver steatosis before therapy. Patients with IFNL3 minor genotype (non-TT) showed lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (p=0.0045), higher γ-glutamyl transpeptidase level (p=0.0003) and higher prevalence of hepatic steatosis (p=0.0002). Advanced fibrosis [odds ratio (OR) 4.63, p=0.03] and IFNL3 major genotype (OR 0.13, p=0.001) were 2 independent factors for determining the presence of hepatic steatosis. Among the factors associated with sustained virological response, IFNL3 genotype was the most significant predictor, as per multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed that IFNL3 genotype is associated with hepatic steatosis as well as IFN response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Fumio Imazeki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | | | - Shin Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Akinobu Tawada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Rintaro Mikata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Makoto Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shirasawa
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang CM, Chang KC, Hung CH, Chiu KW, Lu SN, Wang JH, Chen CH, Kee KM, Kuo YH, Tsai MC, Tseng PL, Lin MT, Wu CK, Hu TH, Cho CL, Yen YH. Impact of PNPLA3 and IFNL3 polymorphisms on hepatic steatosis in Asian patients with chronic hepatitis C. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182204. [PMID: 28797039 PMCID: PMC5552214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A recent meta-analysis revealed that the genotype PNPLA3 rs738409 GG is associated with a higher risk of hepatic steatosis (HS) in Caucasian patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). However, controversial results were found regarding Asian populations. Furthermore, previous studies have shown a negative association between interferon lambda 3 (IFNL3) rs12979860 CC and HS in Caucasian CHC patients, but there have been no reports indicating any such association in Asian populations. In this study, then, we investigated the association of PNPLA3 and IFNL3 polymorphisms with HS in Asian CHC patients. METHODS We enrolled consecutive CHC patients who underwent liver biopsy prior to antiviral therapy. We excluded those patients with decompensated liver disease, any co-existing chronic liver disease, or HIV or HBV co-infection. RESULTS 1080 CHC patients were enrolled, and HS was found in 453 (41.9%) patients. The frequency distribution of the G allele was significantly associated with HS (P<0.001), and this conferred a higher risk to G allele homozygotes (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.46-2.88, P <0.001) than to G allele carriers (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.52-2.58, P<0.001). There was a borderline significant difference in the prevalence of HS in rs12979860 CC versus non-CC (40.8% versus 49.3%, P = 0.059). After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, and excessive alcohol intake, the rs738409 G allele homozygote carriers still carried a higher risk for HS (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.35-2.77, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION The PNPLA3 rs738409 GG genotype is positively associated with HS, while the IFNL3 rs 12979860 CC genotype may be negatively associated with HS, in Asian CHC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Min Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Chang
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Hung
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - King-Wah Chiu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Lu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Houng Wang
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Chen
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kwong-Ming Kee
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Kuo
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chao Tsai
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Tseng
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsung Lin
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kun Wu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hui Hu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lung Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Yen
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Metabolic disorders are common in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Epidemiologic and clinical data indicate an overprevalence of lipids abnormalite, steatosis, insuline resistance (IR) and diabetes mellitus in HCV patients, suggesting that HCV itself may interact with glucido-lipidic metabolism. HCV interacts with the host lipid metabolism by several mechanisms leading to hepatic steatosis and hypolipidemia which are reversible after viral eradication. Liver and peripheral IR are HCV genotype/viral load dependent and improved after viral eradication. This article examines examine the relationship between HCV, lipid abnormalities, steatosis, IR, and diabetes and the pathogenic mechanisms accounting for these events in HCV-infected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Serfaty
- Hepatology Department, INSERM UMR_S 938, APHP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Magri MC, Prata TVG, Manchiero C, Dantas BP, Mazza CC, Tengan FM. Genetic variation in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (-493G/T) is associated with hepatic steatosis in patients infected with hepatitis C virus. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:235. [PMID: 28356060 PMCID: PMC5372317 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In chronic hepatitis C, the fibrosis progression rates are extremely variable and can be influenced by factors associated with the host, virus and environment. Among the associated metabolic factors, hepatic steatosis is characterized by an accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes. In the host, genetic determinants of hepatic steatosis are observed, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) gene. The MTTP -493G/T SNP appears to play an important role in the regulation of gene expression and influences the plasma concentration of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The present study investigated the influence of this SNP in the development of hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C and evaluated the association of hepatic steatosis with certain characteristics of these patients and the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Methods Two hundred thirty-nine patients with chronic hepatitis C were genotyped for the MTTP -493G⁄T SNP by a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. The association between hepatic steatosis and selected characteristics of the patient and virus was evaluated using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results The most prevalent MTTP -493G/T genotype was GG (46%) followed by GT (43.5%) and TT (10.5%). Multivariate analysis of the total cohort revealed associations between the presence of hepatic steatosis and inflammatory activity of moderate to high intensity (P < 0.001), advanced age (P = 0.010), elevated gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels (P = 0.010) and low LDL levels (P = 0.022). Hepatic steatosis was also associated with the TT/GT genotype of the MTTP -493G⁄T SNP in patients infected with HCV genotype 3 (P < 0.001). Conclusions In chronic hepatitis C patients infected with HCV genotype 3 and with the TT/GT genotype of the MTTP -493G/T SNP, a significant increase in hepatic steatosis was observed, which may indicate that this SNP has a significant influence on the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes. Furthermore, associations were observed between hepatic steatosis and inflammatory activity of moderate to high intensity, advanced age, elevated GGT and low LDL levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cavalheiro Magri
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Hepatologia por Vírus (LIM-47), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 - Instituto de Medicina Tropical - Prédio 2, 1º andar - sala 106. Bairro Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Thamiris Vaz Gago Prata
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Hepatologia por Vírus (LIM-47), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 - Instituto de Medicina Tropical - Prédio 2, 1º andar - sala 106. Bairro Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Caroline Manchiero
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Hepatologia por Vírus (LIM-47), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 - Instituto de Medicina Tropical - Prédio 2, 1º andar - sala 106. Bairro Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Bianca Peixoto Dantas
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Hepatologia por Vírus (LIM-47), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 - Instituto de Medicina Tropical - Prédio 2, 1º andar - sala 106. Bairro Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Celso Carmo Mazza
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Hospital das Clínicas. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fátima Mitiko Tengan
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Hepatologia por Vírus (LIM-47), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 - Instituto de Medicina Tropical - Prédio 2, 1º andar - sala 106. Bairro Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil.,Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Hospital das Clínicas. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kenneson A, Funderburk JS. Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3): A potential role in the association between liver disease and bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2017; 209:93-96. [PMID: 27889599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to the increased prevalence of liver disease in patients with bipolar disorder, we examined the potential role of the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) variant among individuals with bipolar disorder and those with no mood disorder. METHODS We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (aged 15-39 years) to identify a group of individuals with a bipolar diagnosis and a control group of individuals with no mood disorder. A total of 1931 individuals were randomly selected, one from each family containing information on the PNPLA3 genotype to be used in the analysis. RESULTS Analyses revealed individuals with the recessive variant genotype (MM) had an adjusted odds ratio for bipolar disorder of about 4.6 compared to individuals with either IM or II genotypes of the PNPLA3 variant. LIMITATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS Limitations of this study include the use of a lay-administered survey in for diagnosis of bipolar disorder in NHANES. The association between the PNPLA3 variant and bipolar disorder may help guide further work on medication effectiveness, treatment options, prevention approaches, and understanding potential medication side effects among specific subgroups of individuals with the MM genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Kenneson
- VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse, NY, United States.
| | - Jennifer S Funderburk
- VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse, NY, United States; Syracuse University, Department of Psychology, Syracuse, NY, United States; University of Rochester, Department of Psychiatry, Rochester, NY, United Staes
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Balasus D, Way M, Fusilli C, Mazza T, Morgan MY, Cervello M, Giannitrapani L, Soresi M, Agliastro R, Vinciguerra M, Montalto G. The association of variants in PNPLA3 and GRP78 and the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in an Italian population. Oncotarget 2016; 7:86791-86802. [PMID: 27888630 PMCID: PMC5349954 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has one of the worst prognoses amongst all malignancies. It commonly arises in patients with established liver disease and the diagnosis often occurs at an advanced stage. Genetic variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), may alter disease risk and thus may have use as predictive markers of disease outcome. The aims of this study were (i) to assess the association of two SNPs, rs430397 in GRP78 and rs738409 in PNPLA3 with the risk of developing HCC in a Sicilian association cohort and, (ii) to use a machine learning technique to establish a predictive combinatorial phenotypic model for HCC including rs430397 and rs738409 genotypes and clinical and laboratory attributes. The controls comprised of 304 healthy subjects while the cases comprised of 170 HCC patients the majority of whom had hepatitis C (HCV)-related cirrhosis. Significant associations were identified between the risk of developing HCC and both rs430397 (p=0.0095) and rs738409 (p=0.0063). The association between rs738409 and HCC was significantly stronger in the HCV positive cases. In the best prediction model, represented graphically by a decision tree with an acceptable misclassification rate of 17.0%, the A/A and G/A genotypes of the rs430397 variant were fixed and combined with the three rs738409 genotypes; the attributes were age, sex and alcohol. These results demonstrate significant associations between both rs430397 and rs738409 and HCC development in a Sicilian cohort. The combinatorial predictive model developed to include these genetic variants may, if validated in independent cohorts, allow for earlier diagnosis of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Balasus
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michael Way
- Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, UK
| | - Caterina Fusilli
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Bioinformatics Unit, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Bioinformatics Unit, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Marsha Y. Morgan
- Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, UK
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Palermo, Italy
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Agliastro
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, “Civico” Reference Regional Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, UK
- Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Salameh H, Masadeh M, Al Hanayneh M, Petros V, Maslonka M, Nanda A, Singal AK. PNPLA3 polymorphism increases risk for and severity of chronic hepatitis C liver disease. World J Hepatol 2016; 8:1584-1592. [PMID: 28050240 PMCID: PMC5165273 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i35.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the association of PNPLA3 polymorphisms in chronic hepatitis C patients and development of liver disease spectrum.
METHODS Literature was searched systematically from PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane search engines for full-length articles written in English that examined PNPLA3 polymorphism in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. Studies evaluating the association of PNPLA3 polymorphism spectrum (fatty liver, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma) of CHC were included. Pooled data are reported as OR with 95%CI. Our study endpoint was the risk of the entire liver disease spectrum including: Steatosis/fatty liver, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in CHC patients with PNPLA3 polymorphisms.
RESULTS Of 380 studies identified, a total of 53 studies were included for full-text review. Nineteen on chronic hepatitis C were eligible for analysis. Pooled ORs for rs738409 GG compared to CC and CG among patients with fatty liver was 2.214 (95%CI: 1.719-2.853). ORs among advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis were 1.762 (95%CI: 1.258-2.468). Similar odds ratios among hepatocellular carcinoma patients were 2.002 (95%CI: 1.519-2.639). Pooled ORs for rs738409 GG and CG compared to CC among patients with fatty liver were 1.750 (95%CI: 1.542-1.986). Pooled ORs for advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis patients were 1.613 (95%CI: 1.211-2.147). All analyses were homogenous and without publication bias except one. The associations were maintained after adjusting for publication bias and heterogeneity.
CONCLUSION PNPLA3 polymorphisms have strong association with increased risk and severity of the liver disease spectrum in CHC patients.
Collapse
|
22
|
Miyaaki H, Ichikawa T, Taura N, Miuma S, Honda T, Shibata H, Soyama A, Hidaka M, Takatsuki M, Eguchi S, Nakao K. Impact of Donor and Recipient Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Living Liver Donor Transplantation for Hepatitis C. Transplant Proc 2016; 47:2916-9. [PMID: 26707313 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, several studies have shown that specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affect liver fibrosis progression in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In this study, we examined the impact of donor and recipient SNPs on the progression of fibrosis after liver transplantation for HCV infection. METHODS This cohort study enrolled 43 patients with HCV infection who underwent liver transplantation at our hospital. We evaluated 5 genotypes (rs4374383, rs2629751, rs9380516, rs8099917, and rs738409) that have been reported to be significant predictors of fibrosis in HCV infection using a Taqman assay. RESULTS Liver fibrosis (stage ≥ F1, New Inuyama classification) was detected at 1 year after liver transplantation in 30 cases (70%). The rs2629751 non-AA-genotype was found to be significantly associated with fibrosis progression at 1 year after liver transplantation (AA:GG or GA = 46%:88%, P < .05). The primary outcome was stage ≥F2 (portoportal septa) or liver-related mortality in 22 patients. The time to stage ≥F2 fibrosis or liver-related mortality was significantly different only in terms of the donor rs2629751 genotype (AA:GG or GA = 5.5 ± 0.6 years:3.6 ± 0.7 years, P = .025). CONCLUSIONS The rs2629751 genotype may be an important predictor of posttransplant outcome in HCV-infected patients. This result might be useful in donor selection for liver transplantation in HCV-infected patients and may guide therapeutic decisions regarding early antiviral treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Miyaaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - T Ichikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - N Taura
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - S Miuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - T Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - H Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - A Soyama
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - M Hidaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - M Takatsuki
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - S Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - K Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in the field of liver diseases have revealed previously unknown pathogenic loci and generated new biological hypotheses. In 2008, a GWAS performed in a population-based sample study, where hepatic liver fat content was measured by magnetic spectroscopy, showed a strong association between a variant (rs738409 C>G p.I148M) in the patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Further replication studies have shown robust associations between PNPLA3 and steatosis, fibrosis/cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma on a background of metabolic, alcoholic, and viral insults. The PNPLA3 protein has lipase activity towards triglycerides in hepatocytes and retinyl esters in hepatic stellate cells. The I148M substitution leads to a loss of function promoting triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes. Although PNPLA3 function has been extensively studied, the molecular mechanisms leading to hepatic fibrosis and carcinogenesis remain unclear. This unsuspected association has highlighted the fact that liver fat metabolism may have a major impact on the pathophysiology of liver diseases. Conversely, alone, this locus may have limited predictive value with regard to liver disease outcomes in clinical practice. Additional studies at the genome-wide level will be required to identify new variants associated with liver damage and cancer to explain a greater proportion of the heritability of these phenotypes. Thus, incorporating PNPLA3 and other genetic variants in combination with clinical data will allow for the development of tailored predictive models. This attractive approach should be evaluated in prospective cohorts.
Collapse
|
24
|
Meyers NL, Fontaine KA, Kumar GR, Ott M. Entangled in a membranous web: ER and lipid droplet reorganization during hepatitis C virus infection. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 41:117-24. [PMID: 27240021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide. To establish and maintain chronic infection, HCV extensively rearranges cellular organelles to generate distinct compartments for viral RNA replication and virion assembly. Here, we review our current knowledge of how HCV proliferates and remodels ER-derived membranes while preserving and expanding associated lipid droplets during viral infection. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms responsible for HCV-induced membrane reorganization will enhance our understanding of the HCV life-cycle, the associated liver pathology, and the biology of the ER:lipid droplet interface in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Meyers
- Gladstone Institutes, University of California San Francisco, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94941, United States
| | - Krystal A Fontaine
- Gladstone Institutes, University of California San Francisco, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94941, United States
| | - G Renuka Kumar
- Gladstone Institutes, University of California San Francisco, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94941, United States
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institutes, University of California San Francisco, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94941, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Petta S, Maida M, Grimaudo S, Pipitone RM, Macaluso FS, Cabibi D, Cammà C, Di Marco V, Sferrazza S, Craxì A. TM6SF2 rs58542926 is not associated with steatosis and fibrosis in large cohort of patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C. Liver Int 2016; 36:198-204. [PMID: 26259026 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We tested the putative association of the rs58542926 variant of TM6SF2, a recently described genetic determinant of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, with steatosis and fibrosis in genotype 1(G1) chronic hepatitis C(CHC) patients. METHODS A total of 694 consecutively biopsied Caucasian G1 CHC patients were genotyped for TM6SF2 rs58542926, IL28B rs12979860 and PNPLA3 rs738409. Steatosis was classified as absent (<5%), mild-moderate(5-29%) and severe(≥30%), Fibrosis was considered severe if=F3-F4. RESULTS Carriers of TM6SF2 rs58542926 (6.3% of patients) exhibited lower serum levels of cholesterol (P = 0.04) and triglycerides (P = 0.01), but a similar distribution of steatosis severity (P = 0.63), compared to noncarriers. Prevalence and severity of steatosis were reduced in IL28B C allele carriers (P = 0.005) and elevated in PNPLA3 G allele carriers (P < 0.001). After adjustment for age, gender, body mass index and homoeostasis model assessment score, steatosis severity was independently associated with IL28B rs12979860 (odds ratio [OR] 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55-0.86, P = 0.001) and PNPLA3 rs738409 (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.46-2.83, P < 0.001), but not TM6SF2 rs58542926 (OR 1.48, 95% CI 0.82-2.69, P = 0.19). Variants of TM6SF2 (30.9% vs. 25%, P = 0.40), IL28B and PNPLA3 were not directly associated with fibrosis severity, although variants of IL28B and PNPLA3 promoted steatosis (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.06-1.75, P = 0.01) that in turn is associated with severe fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS In G1 CHC patients, TM6SF2 rs58542926 does not affect the histological severity of liver damage. However, IL28B rs12979860 and PNPLA3 rs738409 modify steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Maida
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Grimaudo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria M Pipitone
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio S Macaluso
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Cabibi
- Cattedra di Anatomia Patologica, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Cammà
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Di Marco
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sandro Sferrazza
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Craxì
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sagnelli C, Merli M, Uberti-Foppa C, Hasson H, Cirillo G, Grandone A, Salpietro S, Minichini C, Del Giudice EM, Lazzarin A, Sagnelli E, Coppola N. Impact of PNPLA3 variants on liver histology of 168 patients with HIV infection and chronic hepatitis C. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:372-378. [PMID: 26806136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study analysed the impact of PNPLA3 variants on liver histology of 168 HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients who were naïve for HCV treatment. A athologist unaware of the patients' condition graded liver fibrosis and necroinflammation (Ishak) and steatosis (Kleiner). Patients were tested for PNPLA3 variants and genotyped for the PNPLA3 rs738409 C to G variant underlying the I148M substitution. All were hepatitis B surface antigen negative and stated no alcohol abuse. The mean age was 40.6 (37.6-44.1) years, 72.6% were males, 42% had HCV genotype 3, 38.9% HCV genotype 1 and 79.2% were receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. The 79 patients with the PNPLA3 p.148I/M or M/M variants more frequently showed severe steatosis (score 3-4) than the 89 with PNPLA3 p.148I/I (43% vs. 24.7%, p 0.001), whereas no difference was observed in the degree of necroinflammation or fibrosis. Compared with 112 patients with lower scores, 56 with severe steatosis showed higher body mass index (p 0.03), higher rate of HCV genotype 3 (55.6% vs. 35.2%, p 0.01), PNPLA3 p.148I/M or M/M (60.7% vs. 39.3%, p 0.01) and lower CD4(+) cells/mm(3) (514.00 (390.5-673.0) vs. 500.00 (399.0-627.0); p 0.002). At multivariate analysis, body mass index (p 0.01), HCV genotype 3 (p 0.006), CD4(+) cell count (p 0.005) and PNPLA3 p.148I/M or M/M variants (p 0.01) were found to be independent predictors of severe liver steatosis. The PNPLA3 p.148 I/M or M/M variants and CD4(+) cell count were the only independent predictors of severe steatosis in patients with HCV non-3 genotypes. This is the first study to show that among HIV/HCV-coinfected patients the PNPLA3 p.148I/M or M/M variant have substantially less impact on steatosis for those with HCV genotype 3 than non-genotype 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sagnelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery 'F. Magrassi e A. Lanzara', Section of Infectious Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - M Merli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - C Uberti-Foppa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - H Hasson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - G Cirillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - A Grandone
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - S Salpietro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - C Minichini
- Department Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - E M Del Giudice
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - A Lazzarin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - E Sagnelli
- Department Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - N Coppola
- Department Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Blanco JR, Rivero-Juarez A. HCV genotype 3: a wolf in sheep's clothing. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016; 14:149-52. [PMID: 26635242 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2016.1127757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José-R Blanco
- a Infectious Diseases Area , Hospital San Pedro - Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR) , Logroño , Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juarez
- b Infectious Diseases Unit, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC) , Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba , Córdoba , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Transcriptomic Analysis of Chronic Hepatitis B and C and Liver Cancer Reveals MicroRNA-Mediated Control of Cholesterol Synthesis Programs. mBio 2015; 6:e01500-15. [PMID: 26646011 PMCID: PMC4676282 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01500-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic hepatitis C (CHC), and associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are characterized by cholesterol imbalance and dyslipidemia; however, the key regulatory drivers of these phenotypes are incompletely understood. Using gene expression microarrays and high-throughput sequencing of small RNAs, we performed integrative analysis of microRNA (miRNA) and gene expression in nonmalignant and matched cancer tissue samples from human subjects with CHB or CHC and HCC. We also carried out follow-up functional studies of specific miRNAs in a cell-based system. These studies led to four major findings. First, pathways affecting cholesterol homeostasis were among the most significantly overrepresented among genes dysregulated in chronic viral hepatitis and especially in tumor tissue. Second, for each disease state, specific miRNA signatures that included miRNAs not previously associated with chronic viral hepatitis, such as miR-1307 in CHC, were identified. Notably, a few miRNAs, including miR-27 and miR-224, were components of the miRNA signatures of all four disease states: CHB, CHC, CHB-associated HCC, and CHC-associated HCC. Third, using a statistical simulation method (miRHub) applied to the gene expression data, we identified candidate master miRNA regulators of pathways controlling cholesterol homeostasis in chronic viral hepatitis and HCC, including miR-21, miR-27, and miR-33. Last, we validated in human hepatoma cells that both miR-21 and miR-27 significantly repress cholesterol synthesis and that miR-27 does so in part through regulation of the gene that codes for the rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGCR). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are phylogenetically unrelated hepatotropic viruses that persistently infect hundreds of millions of people world-wide, often leading to chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic hepatitis C (CHC), and associated HCC often lead to cholesterol imbalance and dyslipidemia. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the dysregulation of lipid pathways in these disease states are incompletely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical modulators of lipid homeostasis. Here we use a blend of genomic, molecular, and biochemical strategies to identify key miRNAs that drive the lipid phenotypes of chronic viral hepatitis and HCC. These findings provide a panoramic view of the miRNA landscape in chronic viral hepatitis, which could contribute to the development of novel and more-effective miRNA-based therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
29
|
Macaluso FS, Maida M, Petta S. Genetic background in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A comprehensive review. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11088-11111. [PMID: 26494964 PMCID: PMC4607907 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i39.11088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Western world, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most significant liver diseases of the twenty-first century. Its development is certainly driven by environmental factors, but it is also regulated by genetic background. The role of heritability has been widely demonstrated by several epidemiological, familial, and twin studies and case series, and likely reflects the wide inter-individual and inter-ethnic genetic variability in systemic metabolism and wound healing response processes. Consistent with this idea, genome-wide association studies have clearly identified Patatin-like phosholipase domain-containing 3 gene variant I148M as a major player in the development and progression of NAFLD. More recently, the transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 E167K variant emerged as a relevant contributor in both NAFLD pathogenesis and cardiovascular outcomes. Furthermore, numerous case-control studies have been performed to elucidate the potential role of candidate genes in the pathogenesis and progression of fatty liver, although findings are sometimes contradictory. Accordingly, we performed a comprehensive literature search and review on the role of genetics in NAFLD. We emphasize the strengths and weaknesses of the available literature and outline the putative role of each genetic variant in influencing susceptibility and/or progression of the disease.
Collapse
|
30
|
Coppola N, Pisaturo M, Sagnelli C, Onorato L, Sagnelli E. Role of genetic polymorphisms in hepatitis C virus chronic infection. World J Clin Cases 2015; 3:807-822. [PMID: 26380828 PMCID: PMC4568530 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v3.i9.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To analyze the host genetics factors influencing the clinical course and the response to antiviral treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).
METHODS: We conducted an electronic search on the PubMed and MEDLINE (2000-2014) databases and Cochrane library (2000-2014). A total of 73 articles were retrieved and their data were extensively evaluated and discussed by the authors and then analyzed in this review article.
RESULTS: Several studies associated polymorphisms in the interleukin 28B gene on chromosome 19 (19q13.13) with a spontaneous viral clearance in acute hepatitis C and with the response to pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN)-based treatment in chronic hepatitis C patients. Other investigations demonstrated that inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase genetic variants protect hepatitis C virus-genotype-1 CHC patients from ribavirin-induced anemia, and other studies that a polymorphism in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 was associated with hepatic steatosis in CHC patients. Although not conclusive, some investigations suggested that the vitamin D-associated polymorphisms play an important role in the achievement of sustained virologic response in CHC patients treated with Peg-IFN-based antiviral therapy. Several other polymorphisms have been investigated to ascertain their possible impact on the natural history and on the response to treatment in patients with CHC, but the data are preliminary and warrant confirmation.
CONCLUSION: Several genetic polymorphisms seem to influence the clinical course and the response to antiviral treatment in patients with CHC, suggesting individualized follow up and treatment strategies.
Collapse
|
31
|
Enache EL, Sin A, Bancu L, Ramière C, Diaz O, André P, Enache LS. Duplex High-Resolution Melting Assay for the Simultaneous Genotyping of IL28B rs12979860 and PNPLA3 rs738409 Polymorphisms in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22223-42. [PMID: 26389885 PMCID: PMC4613305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a major burden for public health worldwide. Although newer direct-acting antivirals show good efficacy, their cost precludes their wide adoption in resource-limited regions. Thus, strategies are being developed to help identify patients with high susceptibility to response to classic PEG-interferon + ribavirin therapy. IL28B polymorphism rs12979860 C/T is an important predictor for an efficient response to interferon-based therapy. A genetic variant in adiponutrin (PNPLA3) gene, rs738409 C/G, is associated with steatosis, severity, and progression of liver fibrosis in CHC patients, and predicts treatment outcome in difficult-to-cure HCV-infected patients with advanced fibrosis. We developed a rapid and inexpensive assay based on duplex high-resolution melting (HRM) for the simultaneous genotyping of these two polymorphisms. The assay validation was performed on synthetic DNA templates and 132 clinical samples from CHC patients. When compared with allele-specific PCR and sequencing, our assay showed 100% (95% CI: 0.9724-1) accuracy, with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Our assay was robust against concentration and quality of DNA samples, melting curve normalization intervals, HRM analysis algorithm, and sequence variations near the targeted SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism). This duplex assay should provide useful information for patient-oriented management and clinical decision-making in CHC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Enache
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu st., Tirgu Mures 540142, Romania.
| | - Anca Sin
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu st., Tirgu Mures 540142, Romania.
- Emergency County Clinical Hospital, 50 Gh. Marinescu st., Tirgu Mures 540136, Romania.
| | - Ligia Bancu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu st., Tirgu Mures 540142, Romania.
- Emergency County Clinical Hospital, 50 Gh. Marinescu st., Tirgu Mures 540136, Romania.
| | - Christophe Ramière
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69008, France.
- Inserm U1111, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon F-69007, France.
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69365 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 15 parvis René Descartes, BP 7000 69342 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
- CNRS, UMR5308, 21 avenue Tony Garnier, 69365 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Laboratoire de Virologie, Lyon F-69004, France.
| | - Olivier Diaz
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69008, France.
- Inserm U1111, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon F-69007, France.
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69365 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 15 parvis René Descartes, BP 7000 69342 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
- CNRS, UMR5308, 21 avenue Tony Garnier, 69365 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | - Patrice André
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69008, France.
- Inserm U1111, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon F-69007, France.
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69365 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 15 parvis René Descartes, BP 7000 69342 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
- CNRS, UMR5308, 21 avenue Tony Garnier, 69365 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Laboratoire de Virologie, Lyon F-69004, France.
| | - Liviu S Enache
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu st., Tirgu Mures 540142, Romania.
- Emergency County Clinical Hospital, 50 Gh. Marinescu st., Tirgu Mures 540136, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rembeck K, Lagging M. Impact of IL28B, ITPA and PNPLA3 genetic variants on therapeutic outcome and progression of hepatitis C virus infection. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:1179-88. [PMID: 26250055 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic HCV infection comprises a broad spectrum of liver disease, ranging from no or minimal activity to active hepatitis that in time may progress to severe liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma if left untreated. This review describes the impact of genetic variants of interleukin 28B (IL28B; also known as interferon-lambda 3), inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA) and patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) on therapeutic outcome and liver disease severity in HCV-infected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Rembeck
- Department of Infectious Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, SE-413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Lagging
- Department of Infectious Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, SE-413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Matsuura K, Tanaka Y. Host genetic variants influencing the clinical course of hepatitis C virus infection. J Med Virol 2015. [PMID: 26211651 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The clinical course of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection greatly differs in individuals. Various viral, host, and environmental factors influence the natural history of HCV infection. Recent genome-wide association studies identified several host genetic factors influencing treatment efficacy or clinical course in HCV infection. A landmark discovery was that IFNL3-IFNL4 variants are strongly associated with responses to interferon-based treatment. Genetic variants in IFNL3-IFNL4 as well as those in HLA class II loci influence the spontaneous clearance of acute HCV infection. Interestingly, these genetic variants also affect the activity of hepatitis, or disease progression in chronic hepatitis C. In addition, polymorphisms in apoptosis-related genes such as RNF7, TULP1, and MERTK are associated with fibrosis progression, and DEPDC5 and MICA variants are associated with HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Understanding the genetic factors associated with the clinical course of HCV infection is essential for personalized treatment and surveillance of disease progression and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Matsuura
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical CenterInfectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yasui K, Kawaguchi T, Shima T, Mitsuyoshi H, Seki K, Sendo R, Mizuno M, Itoh Y, Matsuda F, Okanoue T. Effect of PNPLA3 rs738409 variant (I148 M) on hepatic steatosis, necroinflammation, and fibrosis in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:887-93. [PMID: 25543233 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-014-1018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host genetic factors have been suspected to influence histological liver damage in chronic liver disease. The nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism rs738409 C > G in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene (PNPLA3, also known as adiponutrin), encoding the I148 M protein variant, has been identified as a novel genetic marker for hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease. We aimed to determine whether the PNPLA3 rs738409 variant was associated with hepatic steatosis, necroinflammation, and fibrosis in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS In a cross-sectional study in Japan, we analyzed 276 patients with chronic hepatitis C who underwent liver biopsy. Genotyping for rs738409 was performed using the TaqMan genotyping assay. RESULTS The frequencies of the rs738409 CC, CG, and GG genotypes were 32.6, 46.4, and 21.0 %, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the GG genotype was independently associated with the presence of steatosis [odds ratio (OR) 2.58, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.37-4.84, p = 0.003], severe necroinflammatory activity (OR 2.16, 95 % CI 1.12-4.16, p = 0.02), and advanced fibrosis (OR 2.10, 95 % CI 1.07-4.11, p = 0.03), after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The PNPLA3 rs738409 variant influences histological liver damage in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C. The G allele homozygotes are at higher risk for hepatic steatosis, severe necroinflammation, and advanced fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohichiroh Yasui
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Simon TG, Butt AA. Lipid dysregulation in hepatitis C virus, and impact of statin therapy upon clinical outcomes. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8293-8303. [PMID: 26217081 PMCID: PMC4507099 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i27.8293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease and the leading indication for liver transplantation worldwide. Every aspect of the HCV life cycle is closely tied to human lipid metabolism. The virus circulates as a lipid-rich particle, utilizing lipoprotein cell receptors to gain entry into the hepatocyte. It has also been shown to upregulate lipid biosynthesis and impair lipid degradation, resulting in significant intracellular lipid accumulation and circulating hypocholesterolemia. Patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are at increased risk of hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and cardiovascular disease including accelerated atherosclerosis. HMG CoA Reductase inhibitors, or statins, have been shown to play an important role in the modulation of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, and recent attention has focused upon their potential therapeutic role in CHC. This article reviews the hepatitis C viral life cycle as it impacts host lipoproteins and lipid metabolism. It then describes the pathogenesis of HCV-related hepatic steatosis, hypocholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, and finally describes the promising anti-viral and anti-fibrotic effects of statins, for the treatment of CHC.
Collapse
|
36
|
Huang CF, Chen JJ, Yeh ML, Huang CI, Hsieh MY, Yang HL, Dai CY, Huang JF, Lin ZY, Chen SC, Chuang WL, Chen YL, Yu ML. PNPLA3 genetic variants determine hepatic steatosis in non-obese chronic hepatitis C patients. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11901. [PMID: 26139292 PMCID: PMC4490397 DOI: 10.1038/srep11901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) genetic variants in the development of liver steatosis in Asian chronic hepatitis C patients remains elusive. A total of 1018 biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis C patients were enrolled for evaluation. The proportions of PNPLA3 rs738409 GG genotype carriage were 7.8% (44/563), 15.8% (58/367) and 19.3% (17/88) in patients with no (liver fat content < 5%), mild (5-33%) and moderate/severe (> 66%) hepatic steatosis, respectively (trend P < 0.001). Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that the strongest factor independently associated with steatosis was the carriage of the PNPLA3 rs738409 GG genotype (odds ratio [OR]/95% confidence intervals [CI]:2.34/1.557-3.515, P < 0.001). Among the patients with BMI < 24 kg/m(2), carriage of the rs738409 GG genotype was the only factor associated with hepatic steatosis (OR/CI:3.44/1.824-6.500, P < 0.001). PNPLA3 genetic variants had minimal effects on hepatic steatosis among overweight or obese patients. Compared to patients with BMI < 24 kg/m(2)/non-GG genotype, those with BMI >24 kg/m(2)/GG genotype were more likely to have hepatic steatosis (OR/CI:3.87/2.292-6.524, P < 0.001). In conclusions, both PNPLA3 genetic variants and BMI played important roles in hepatic steatosis among Asian chronic hepatitis C patients. However, the genetic effect was mainly restricted to non-obese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Feng Huang
- Graguate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Lipid and Glycomedicine Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Jou Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-I Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Hsieh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Ling Yang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Lipid and Glycomedicine Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Lipid and Glycomedicine Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zu-Yau Lin
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Lipid and Glycomedicine Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Cherng Chen
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Lipid and Glycomedicine Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Lipid and Glycomedicine Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Li Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Lipid and Glycomedicine Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Petta S, Vanni E, Bugianesi E, Rosso C, Cabibi D, Cammà C, Di Marco V, Eslam M, Grimaudo S, Macaluso FS, McLeod D, Pipitone RM, Abate ML, Smedile A, George J, Craxì A. PNPLA3 rs738409 I748M is associated with steatohepatitis in 434 non-obese subjects with hepatitis C. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 41:939-48. [PMID: 25801076 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PNPLA3/Adiponutrin rs738409 C/G single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with the severity of steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as the severity of steatosis and fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). AIM To test in genotype 1(G1)-CHC patients, the putative association between the PNPLA3 variant and histological features of steatohepatitis, as well as their impact on the severity of fibrosis. METHODS Four hundred and thirty-four consecutively biopsied Caucasian G1-CHC patients were genotyped for PNPLA3 rs738409, its effect evaluated by using an additive model. Histological features of steatohepatitis in CHC were assessed using the Bedossa classification. Hepatic expression of PNPLA3 mRNA was evaluated in 63 patients. RESULTS The prevalence of steatohepatitis increased from 16.5% in patients with PNPLA3 CC, to 23.2% in CG and 29.2% in the GG genotype (P = 0.02). By multiple logistic regression, PNPLA3 genotype (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.03-2.30, P = 0.03), together with age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.05, P = 0.02), BMI ≥ 30 (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.04-4.10, P = 0.03) and homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA, OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04-1.32, P = 0.006) were independently linked to steatohepatitis. When stratifying for obesity, PNPLA3 was associated with NASH in non-obese patients only (12.0% in CC vs. 18.3% in CG vs. 27.3% in GG, P = 0.01), including after correction for metabolic confounders (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.26-3.36, P = 0.004). We showed an independent association between steatohepatitis (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.05-4.02, P = 0.003) and severe fibrosis. Higher liver PNPLA3 mRNA was associated both with the severity of steatosis (adjusted P = 0.03) and steatohepatitis after adjusting for gender, age, BMI and HOMA (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION In patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C, the PNPLA3 G variant is associated with a higher risk of steatosis severity and steatohepatitis, particularly among non-obese subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bridge SH, Sheridan DA, Felmlee DJ, Crossey MME, Fenwick FI, Lanyon CV, Dubuc G, Seidah NG, Davignon J, Thomas HC, Taylor-Robinson SD, Toms GL, Neely RDG, Bassendine MF. PCSK9, apolipoprotein E and lipoviral particles in chronic hepatitis C genotype 3: evidence for genotype-specific regulation of lipoprotein metabolism. J Hepatol 2015; 62:763-70. [PMID: 25463543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) associates with lipoproteins to form "lipoviral particles" (LVPs) that can facilitate viral entry into hepatocytes. Initial attachment occurs via heparan sulphate proteoglycans and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR); CD81 then mediates a post-attachment event. Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) enhances the degradation of the LDLR and modulates liver CD81 levels. We measured LVP and PCSK9 in patients chronically infected with HCV genotype (G)3. PCSK9 concentrations were also measured in HCV-G1 to indirectly examine the role of LDLR in LVP clearance. METHODS HCV RNA, LVP (d<1.07g/ml) and non-LVP (d>1.07g/ml) fractions, were quantified in patients with HCV-G3 (n=39) by real time RT-PCR and LVP ratios (LVPr; LVP/(LVP+non-LVP)) were calculated. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). Plasma PCSK9 concentrations were measured by ELISA in HCV-G3 and HCV-G1 (n=51). RESULTS In HCV-G3 LVP load correlated inversely with HDL-C (r=-0.421; p=0.008), and apoE (r=-0.428; p=0.013). The LVPr varied more than 35-fold (median 0.286; range 0.027 to 0.969); PCSK9 was the strongest negative predictor of LVPr (R(2)=16.2%; p=0.012). HOMA-IR was not associated with LVP load or LVPr. PCSK9 concentrations were significantly lower in HCV-G3 compared to HCV-G1 (p<0.001). PCSK9 did not correlate with LDL-C in HCV-G3 or G1. CONCLUSIONS The inverse correlation of LVP with apoE in HCV-G3, compared to the reverse in HCV-G1 suggests HCV genotype-specific differences in apoE mediated viral entry. Lower PCSK9 and LDL concentrations imply upregulated LDLR activity in HCV-G3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon H Bridge
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - David A Sheridan
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Institute of Translational & Stratified Medicine, Plymouth University Peninsula School of Medicine & Dentistry, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Felmlee
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Inserm U1110, University of Strasbourg and Center for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Strasbourg University Hospitals, 3 Rue Koeberlé, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mary M E Crossey
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Praed Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona I Fenwick
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Clare V Lanyon
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Geneviève Dubuc
- Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis Research Group, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Canada; University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montréal, Canada; University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jean Davignon
- Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis Research Group, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Canada; University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Howard C Thomas
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Praed Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon D Taylor-Robinson
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Praed Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey L Toms
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - R Dermot G Neely
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret F Bassendine
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Geng N, Xin YN, Xia HHX, Jiang M, Wang J, Liu Y, Chen LZ, Xuan SY. Association of PNPLA3 I148M Variant With Chronic Viral Hepatitis, Autoimmune Liver Diseases and Outcomes of Liver Transplantation. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2015; 15:e26459. [PMID: 26034504 PMCID: PMC4449891 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.15(4)2015.26459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The PNPLA3 I148M variant has been recognized as a genetic determinant of liver fat content and a genetic risk factor of liver damage progression associated with steatohepatitis. The I148M variant is associated with many chronic liver diseases. However, its potential association with inflammatory and autoimmune liver diseases has not been established. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We systemically reviewed the potential associations of I148M variant with chronic viral hepatitis, autoimmune liver diseases and the outcome of liver transplantation, explored the underlying molecular mechanisms and tried to translate them into more individualized decision-making and personalized medicine. RESULTS There were associations between I148M variant and chronic viral hepatitis and autoimmune liver diseases and differential associations of I148M variant in donors and recipients with post-liver transplant outcomes. I148M variant may activate the development of steatosis caused by host metabolic disorders in chronic viral hepatitis, but few researches were found to illustrate the mechanisms in autoimmune liver diseases. The peripherally mediated mechanism (via extrahepatic adipose tissue) may play a principal role in triglyceride accumulation regardless of adiponutrin activity in the graft liver. CONCLUSIONS Evidences have shown the associations between I148M variant and mentioned diseases. I148M variant induced steatosis may be involved in the mechanism of chronic viral hepatitis and genetic considered personalized therapies, especially for PSC male patients. It is also crucial to pay attention to this parameter in donor selection and prognosis estimation in liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Geng
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Ning Xin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, P. R. China
- Corresponding Authors: Yong-Ning Xin, Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, P. O. Box: 266021, Qingdao, P. R. China. E-mail: ; Shi-Ying Xuan, Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, P. O. Box: 266021, Qingdao, P. R. China. Tel: +86-53288905508, Fax: +86-53282031522, E-mail:
| | | | - Man Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhen Chen
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Ying Xuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, P. R. China
- Corresponding Authors: Yong-Ning Xin, Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, P. O. Box: 266021, Qingdao, P. R. China. E-mail: ; Shi-Ying Xuan, Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, P. O. Box: 266021, Qingdao, P. R. China. Tel: +86-53288905508, Fax: +86-53282031522, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nakaoka K, Hashimoto S, Kawabe N, Nitta Y, Murao M, Nakano T, Shimazaki H, Kan T, Takagawa Y, Ohki M, Kurashita T, Takamura T, Nishikawa T, Ichino N, Osakabe K, Yoshioka K. PNPLA3 I148M associations with liver carcinogenesis in Japanese chronic hepatitis C patients. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:83. [PMID: 25713769 PMCID: PMC4334918 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim To investigate associations between patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) genotypes and fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis in Japanese chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. Methods Two hundred and thirty-one patients with CHC were examined for PNPLA3 genotypes, liver stiffness measurements (LSM), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from May 2010 to October 2012 at Fujita Health University Hospital. The rs738409 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) encoding for a functional PNPLA3 I148M protein variant was genotyped using a TaqMan predesigned SNP genotyping assay. LSM was determined as the velocity of a shear wave (Vs) with an acoustic radiation force impulse. Vs cut-off values for cirrhosis were set at 1.55 m/s. We excluded CHC patients with a sustained virological response or relapse after interferon treatment. Results PNPLA3 genotypes were CC, CG, and GG for 118, 72, and 41 patients, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis selected older age (OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03–1.09; p < 0.0001), higher body mass index (BMI) (OR= 1.12; 95% CI: 1.03–1.22; p = 0.0082), and PNPLA3 genotype GG (OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 0.97–4.42; p = 0.0599) as the factors independently associated with cirrhosis. When 137 patients without past history of interferon treatment were separately assessed, multivariable logistic regression analysis selected older age (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02–1.09; p = 0.0034), and PNPLA3 genotype GG (OR = 3.35; 95% CI: 1.13–9.91; p = 0.0291) as the factors independently associated with cirrhosis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis selected older age (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.07–1.17; p < 0.0001), PNPLA3 genotype GG (OR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.15–5.96; p = 0.0218), and male gender (OR = 1.83; 95% CI: 0.90–3.71); p = 0.0936) as the factors independently associated with HCC. Conclusion PNPLA3 genotype I148M is one of risk factors for developing HCC in Japanese CHC patients, and is one of risk factors for progress to cirrhosis in the patients without past history of interferon treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Nakaoka
- Department of Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas Diseases, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Senju Hashimoto
- Department of Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas Diseases, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Naoto Kawabe
- Department of Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas Diseases, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nitta
- Department of Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas Diseases, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Michihito Murao
- Department of Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas Diseases, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Takuji Nakano
- Department of Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas Diseases, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimazaki
- Department of Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas Diseases, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Toshiki Kan
- Department of Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas Diseases, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Yuka Takagawa
- Department of Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas Diseases, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Masashi Ohki
- Department of Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas Diseases, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Takamitsu Kurashita
- Department of Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas Diseases, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Tomoki Takamura
- Department of Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas Diseases, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Toru Nishikawa
- Department of Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas Diseases, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Naohiro Ichino
- Faculty of Medical Technology, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Keisuke Osakabe
- Faculty of Medical Technology, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshioka
- Department of Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas Diseases, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lundbo LF, Clausen LN, Weis N, Schønning K, Rosenørn L, Benfield T, Christensen PB. Influence of hepatitis C virus and IL28B genotypes on liver stiffness. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115882. [PMID: 25545640 PMCID: PMC4278774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver fibrosis has been associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype and genetic variation near the interleukin 28B (IL28B) gene, but the relative contribution is unknown. We aimed to investigate the relation between HCV genotypes, IL28B and development of liver stiffness. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study consists of 369 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Liver stiffness was evaluated using transient elastograhy (TE). Factors associated with development of liver fibrosis were identified by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS We identified 369 patients with CHC. 235 were male, 297 Caucasians, and 223 had been exposed to HCV through intravenous drug use. The overall median TE value was 7.4 kPa (interquartile range (IQR) 5.7-12.1). HCV replication was enhanced in patients carrying the IL28B CC genotype compared to TT and TC (5.8 vs. 5.4 log10 IU/mL, p = 0.03). Patients infected with HCV genotype 3 had significantly higher TE values (8.2 kPa; IQR, 5.9-14.5) compared to genotype 1 (6.9 kPa; IQR, 5.4-10.9) and 2 (6.7 kPa; IQR, 4.9-8.8) (p = 0.02). Within patients with genotype 3, IL28B CC genotype had the highest TE values (p = 0.04). However, in multivariate logistic regression, using various cut-off values for fibrosis and cirrhosis, only increasing age (odds ratio (OR) 1.09 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.14 per year increment)), ALT (OR 1.01 (95% CI, 1.002-1.011), per unit increment) and HCV genotype 3 compared to genotype 1 (OR 2.40 (95% CI, 1.19-4.81), were consistently associated with cirrhosis (TE>17.1 kPa). CONCLUSIONS Age, ALT and infection with HCV genotype 3 were associated with cirrhosis assessed by TE. However, IL28B genotype was not an independent predictor of fibrosis in our study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lene Fogt Lundbo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Nygaard Clausen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Weis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Schønning
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Rosenørn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abenavoli L, Masarone M, Peta V, Milic N, Kobyliak N, Rouabhia S, Persico M. Insulin resistance and liver steatosis in chronic hepatitis C infection genotype 3. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:15233-15240. [PMID: 25386071 PMCID: PMC4223256 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i41.15233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a common chronic liver disease worldwide. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance (IR) are the major determinants of fibrosis progression and response to antiviral therapy. The pathogenetic link between IR and chronic HCV infection is complex, and is associated with HCV genotype. Liver steatosis is the most common in the patients infected with genotype 3 virus, possibly due to direct effects of genotype 3 viral proteins. To the contrary, hepatic steatosis in the patients infected with other genotypes is thought to be mostly due to the changes in host metabolism, involving IR. In HCV genotype 3, liver steatosis correlates with viral load, reverts after reaching the sustained virologic response and reoccurs in the relapsers. A therapeutic strategy to improve IR and liver steatosis and subsequently the response to antiviral treatment in these patients is warranted.
Collapse
|
43
|
De Nicola S, Dongiovanni P, Aghemo A, Cheroni C, D'Ambrosio R, Pedrazzini M, Marabita F, Donnici L, Maggioni M, Fargion S, Colombo M, De Francesco R, Valenti L. Interaction between PNPLA3 I148M variant and age at infection in determining fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106022. [PMID: 25171251 PMCID: PMC4149487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The PNPLA3 I148M sequence variant favors hepatic lipid accumulation and confers susceptibility to hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect size of homozygosity for the PNPLA3 I148M variant (148M/M) on the fibrosis progression rate (FPR) and the interaction with age at infection in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Methods FPR was estimated in a prospective cohort of 247 CHC patients without alcohol intake and diabetes, with careful estimation of age at infection and determination of fibrosis stage by Ishak score. Results Older age at infection was the strongest determinant of FPR (p<0.0001). PNPLA3 148M/M was associated with faster FPR in individuals infected at older age (above the median, 21 years; −0.64±0.2, n = 8 vs. −0.95±0.3, n = 166 log10 FPR respectively; p = 0.001; confirmed for lower age thresholds, p<0.05), but not in those infected at younger age (p = ns). The negative impact of PNPLA3 148M/M on fibrosis progression was more marked in subjects at risk of altered hepatic lipid metabolism (those with grade 2–3 steatosis, genotype 3, and overweight; p<0.05). At multivariate analysis, PNPLA3 148M/M was associated with FPR (incremental effect 0.08±0.03 log10 fibrosis unit per year; p = 0.022), independently of several confounders, and there was a significant interaction between 148M/M and older age at infection (p = 0.025). The association between 148M/M and FPR remained significant even after adjustment for steatosis severity (p = 0.032). Conclusions We observed an interaction between homozygosity for the PNPLA3 I148M variant and age at infection in determining fibrosis progression in CHC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella De Nicola
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio Aghemo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Cheroni
- Virology Program, INGM - Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,” Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Ambrosio
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Pedrazzini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Marabita
- Virology Program, INGM - Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,” Milano, Italy
| | - Lorena Donnici
- Virology Program, INGM - Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,” Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Maggioni
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Fargion
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Colombo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Francesco
- Virology Program, INGM - Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,” Milano, Italy
- * E-mail: (LV); (RDF)
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail: (LV); (RDF)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zimmer V, Lammert F. Role of genetics in diagnosis and therapy of acquired liver disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 37:15-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
45
|
Stättermayer AF, Scherzer T, Beinhardt S, Rutter K, Hofer H, Ferenci P. Review article: genetic factors that modify the outcome of viral hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39:1059-70. [PMID: 24654629 PMCID: PMC7159786 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors can play an important role for treatment response and disease progression in chronic viral hepatitis. AIM To review the influence of host genetic factors on the clinical course as well as on treatment response in patients with viral hepatitis. METHODS Review of the literature. RESULTS A landmark genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified polymorphisms in the IL28B gene on chromosome 19 (19q13.13) associated with response to therapy with pegylated interferon-α (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) and spontaneous viral clearance in acute hepatitis C. Furthermore, IL28B genotype is associated with changes of lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. A further GWAS demonstrated that ITPA genetic variants protect HCV genotype 1 patients from RBV-induced anaemia. Another polymorphism in the patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) is associated with hepatic steatosis. Difficult-to-treat hepatitis C patients homozygous for GG had an up to five-fold lower chance of viral clearance on PEG/RBV than non-GG patients. In chronic hepatitis B patients treated with PEG-IFN several retrospective analyses of IL28B rs12980275 and rs12979860 genotypes yielded conflicting results which can be explained by the heterogeneity between the study populations. Some variants of the HLA-DP locus (HLA-DPA1 A allele and HLA-DPB1) protect against progression of chronic hepatitis B infection. CONCLUSIONS The determination of IL28B polymorphisms may be useful to individualise treatment options when using PEG/RBV based therapies for chronic hepatitis C infection. In contrast, so far identified genetic factors play only a minor role in chronic hepatitis B infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Stättermayer
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - T. Scherzer
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - S. Beinhardt
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - K. Rutter
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - H. Hofer
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - P. Ferenci
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sato M, Kondo M, Tateishi R, Fujiwara N, Kato N, Yoshida H, Taguri M, Koike K. Impact of IL28B genetic variation on HCV-induced liver fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91822. [PMID: 24637774 PMCID: PMC3956722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS IL28B polymorphisms were shown to be strongly associated with the response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and spontaneous viral clearance. However, little is known about how these polymorphisms affect the natural course of the disease. Thus, we conducted the present meta-analysis to assess the impact of IL28B polymorphisms on disease progression. METHODS A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Integrated odds ratios (OR) were calculated with a fixed-effects or random-effects model based on heterogeneity analyses. RESULTS We identified 28 studies that included 10,024 patients. The pooled results indicated that the rs12979860 genotype CC was significantly associated (vs. genotype CT/TT; OR, 1.122; 95%CI, 1.003-1.254; P = 0.044), and that the rs8099917 genotype TT tended to be (vs. genotype TG/GG; OR, 1.126; 95%CI, 0.988-1.284; P = 0.076) associated, with an increased possibility of severe fibrosis. Both rs12979860 CC (vs. CT/TT; OR, 1.288; 95%CI, 1.050-1.581; P = 0.015) and rs8099917 TT (vs. TG/GG; OR, 1.324; 95%CI, 1.110-1.579; P = 0.002) were significantly associated with a higher possibility of severe inflammation activity. Rs8099917 TT was also significantly associated with a lower possibility of severe steatosis (vs. TG/GG; OR, 0.580; 95%CI, 0.351-0.959; P = 0.034), whereas rs12979860 CC was not associated with hepatic steatosis (vs. CT/TT; OR, 1.062; 95%CI, 0.415-2.717; P = 0.901). CONCLUSIONS IL28B polymorphisms appeared to modify the natural course of disease in patients with CHC. Disease progression seems to be promoted in patients with the rs12979860 CC and rs8099917 TT genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Kondo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tateishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Kato
- Unit of Disease Control Genome Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Taguri
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Petta
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia, Di.Bi.M.I.S, University of Palermo, , Palermo, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dongiovanni P, Anstee QM, Valenti L. Genetic predisposition in NAFLD and NASH: impact on severity of liver disease and response to treatment. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 19:5219-38. [PMID: 23394097 PMCID: PMC3850262 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fat deposition related to systemic insulin resistance defines non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which, when associated with oxidative hepatocellular damage, inflammation, and activation of fibrogenesis, i.e. non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), can progress towards cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Due to the epidemic of obesity, NAFLD is now the most frequent liver disease and the leading cause of altered liver enzymes in Western countries. Epidemiological, familial, and twin studies provide evidence for an element of heritability of NAFLD. Genetic modifiers of disease severity and progression have been identified through genome-wide association studies. These include the Patatin-like phosholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene variant I148M as a major determinant of inter-individual and ethnicity-related differences in hepatic fat content independent of insulin resistance and serum lipid concentration. Association studies confirm that the I148M polymorphism is also a strong modifier of NASH and progressive hepatic injury. Furthermore, a few large multicentre case-control studies have demonstrated a role for genetic variants implicated in insulin signalling, oxidative stress, and fibrogenesis in the progression of NAFLD towards fibrosing NASH, and confirm that hepatocellular fat accumulation and insulin resistance are key operative mechanisms closely involved in the progression of liver damage. It is now important to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations between gene variants and progressive liver disease, and to evaluate their impact on the response to available therapies. It is hoped that this knowledge will offer further insights into pathogenesis, suggest novel therapeutic targets, and could help guide physicians towards individualised therapy that improves clinical outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dongiovanni
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, section Internal Medicine, Università degli Studi Milano, UO Medicina Interna1B, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dunn W, O'Neil M, Zhao J, Wu CH, Roberts B, Chakraborty S, Sherman C, Weaver B, Taylor R, Olson J, Olyaee M, Gilroy R, Schmitt T, Wan YJY, Weinman SA. Donor PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype affects fibrosis progression in liver transplantation for hepatitis C. Hepatology 2014; 59:453-60. [PMID: 24123231 PMCID: PMC7224311 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The rs738409 G>C single nucleotide polymorphism occurring in the patatin-like phospholipase 3 gene has been identified as a novel genetic marker for hepatic steatosis. Recent studies also associated rs738409 with fibrosis in hepatitis C (HCV). Therefore, we sought to determine the impact of donor and recipient rs738409 genotype on the progression of fibrosis after liver transplantation for HCV. This cohort study included 101 patients infected with HCV who underwent liver transplantation between January 2008, and June 2011. Donor and recipient rs738409 genotypes were determined from donor wedge biopsies and recipient explants. The time to Ishak stage 3 fibrosis, or HCV-related mortality/graft loss was analyzed by the Cox model adjusting for HCV-Donor Risk Index, warm ischemic time, pretransplant Model for Endstage Liver Disease (MELD) and viral load. The rs738409 CC variant was present in 56% of donors and 57% of recipients. The median follow-up period was 620 days. A total of 39 patients developed the primary outcome of ≥stage 3 fibrosis or HCV-related mortality/graft loss, the time to which differed by donor (P = 0.019) but not recipient (P = 0.89) genotype. In the multivariate model, donor GC or GG variants had 2.53 times the risk (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25-5.02, P = 0.008) compared to CC variants. In the alternative endpoint: stage 3 fibrosis or all-cause mortality/graft loss, the effect of donor genotype was attenuated but remained significant at 1.98 (95% CI 1.11-3.53). CONCLUSIONS The rs738409 genotype is an important predictor of posttransplant outcome in HCV. Liver, and not adipocytes, is the site at which this effect occurs. Our finding may be useful in donor selection for liver transplantation with HCV, and may guide decisions regarding early antiviral treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winston Dunn
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City KS
| | - Maura O'Neil
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City KS
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City KS
| | - Chuang Hong Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City KS
| | - Benjamin Roberts
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City KS
| | - Shweta Chakraborty
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City KS
| | - Craig Sherman
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City KS
| | - Brandy Weaver
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City KS
| | - Ryan Taylor
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City KS
| | - Jody Olson
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City KS
| | - Mojtaba Olyaee
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City KS
| | - Richard Gilroy
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City KS
| | - Timothy Schmitt
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City KS
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City KS
| | - Steven A. Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City KS
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Dongiovanni P, Donati B, Fares R, Lombardi R, Mancina RM, Romeo S, Valenti L. PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism and progressive liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:6969-6978. [PMID: 24222941 PMCID: PMC3819533 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i41.6969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The 148 Isoleucine to Methionine protein variant (I148M) of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3), a protein is expressed in the liver and is involved in lipid metabolism, has recently been identified as a major determinant of liver fat content. Several studies confirmed that the I148M variant predisposes towards the full spectrum of liver damage associated with fatty liver: from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and progressive fibrosis. Furthermore, the I148M variant represents a major determinant of progression of alcohol related steatohepatitis to cirrhosis, and to influence fibrogenesis and related clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis C virus hepatitis, and possibly chronic hepatitis B virus hepatitis, hereditary hemochromatosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. All in all, studies suggest that the I148M polymorphism may represent a general modifier of fibrogenesis in liver diseases. Remarkably, the effect of the I148M variant on fibrosis was independent of that on hepatic steatosis and inflammation, suggesting that it may affect both the quantity and quality of hepatic lipids and the biology of non-parenchymal liver cells besides hepatocytes, directly promoting fibrogenesis. Therefore, PNPLA3 is a key player in liver disease progression. Assessment of the I148M polymorphism will possibly inform clinical practice in the future, whereas the determination of the effect of the 148M variant will reveal mechanisms involved in hepatic fibrogenesis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
- Cholangitis, Sclerosing/enzymology
- Cholangitis, Sclerosing/genetics
- Cholangitis, Sclerosing/pathology
- Disease Progression
- Fatty Liver/complications
- Fatty Liver/enzymology
- Fatty Liver/genetics
- Fatty Liver/pathology
- Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/complications
- Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/enzymology
- Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/genetics
- Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/pathology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Hemochromatosis/enzymology
- Hemochromatosis/genetics
- Hemochromatosis/pathology
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/enzymology
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/pathology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/enzymology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/pathology
- Humans
- Lipase/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis/enzymology
- Liver Cirrhosis/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/enzymology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/enzymology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- Phenotype
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Risk Factors
Collapse
|