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Gao J, Lan T, Kostallari E, Guo Y, Lai E, Guillot A, Ding B, Tacke F, Tang C, Shah VH. Angiocrine signaling in sinusoidal homeostasis and liver diseases. J Hepatol 2024:S0168-8278(24)00349-0. [PMID: 38763358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The hepatic sinusoids are composed of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), which are surrounded by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and contain liver-resident macrophages called Kupffer cells, and other patrolling immune cells. All these cells communicate with each other and with hepatocytes to maintain sinusoidal homeostasis and a spectrum of hepatic functions under healthy conditions. Sinusoidal homeostasis is disrupted by metabolites, toxins, viruses, and other pathological factors, leading to liver injury, chronic liver diseases, and cirrhosis. Alterations in hepatic sinusoids are linked to fibrosis progression and portal hypertension. LSECs are crucial regulators of cellular crosstalk within their microenvironment via angiocrine signaling. This review discusses the mechanisms by which angiocrine signaling orchestrates sinusoidal homeostasis, as well as the development of liver diseases. Here, we summarise the crosstalk between LSECs, HSCs, hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and immune cells in health and disease and comment on potential novel therapeutic methods for treating liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhang Gao
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enis Kostallari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yangkun Guo
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Enjiang Lai
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bisen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Chengwei Tang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Zaid A, Ariel A. Harnessing anti-inflammatory pathways and macrophage nano delivery to treat inflammatory and fibrotic disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115204. [PMID: 38342241 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Targeting specific organs and cell types using nanotechnology and sophisticated delivery methods has been at the forefront of applicative biomedical sciences lately. Macrophages are an appealing target for immunomodulation by nanodelivery as they are heavily involved in various aspects of many diseases and are highly plastic in their nature. Their continuum of functional "polarization" states has been a research focus for many years yielding a profound understanding of various aspects of these cells. The ability of monocyte-derived macrophages to metamorphose from pro-inflammatory to reparative and consequently to pro-resolving effectors has raised significant interest in its therapeutic potential. Here, we briefly survey macrophages' ontogeny and various polarization phenotypes, highlighting their function in the inflammation-resolution shift. We review their inducing mediators, signaling pathways, and biological programs with emphasis on the nucleic acid sensing-IFN-I axis. We also portray the polarization spectrum of macrophages and the characteristics of their transition between different subtypes. Finally, we highlighted different current drug delivery methods for targeting macrophages with emphasis on nanotargeting that might lead to breakthroughs in the treatment of wound healing, bone regeneration, autoimmune, and fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Zaid
- Department of Biology and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838 Israel
| | - Amiram Ariel
- Department of Biology and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838 Israel.
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3
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Zhao D, Huang ZK, Liang Y, Li ZJ, Zhang XW, Li KH, Wu H, Zhang XD, Li CS, An D, Sun X, An MX, Shi JX, Bao YJ, Tian L, Wang DF, Wu AH, Chen YH, Zhao WD. Monocytes Release Pro-Cathepsin D to Drive Blood-to-Brain Transcytosis in Diabetes. Circ Res 2024; 134:e17-e33. [PMID: 38420756 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular complications are the major outcome of type 2 diabetes progression, and the underlying mechanism remains to be determined. METHODS High-throughput RNA sequencing was performed using human monocyte samples from controls and diabetes. The transgenic mice expressing human CTSD (cathepsin D) in the monocytes was constructed using CD68 promoter. In vivo 2-photon imaging, behavioral tests, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot analysis, vascular leakage assay, and single-cell RNA sequencing were performed to clarify the phenotype and elucidate the molecular mechanism. RESULTS Monocytes expressed high-level CTSD in patients with type 2 diabetes. The transgenic mice expressing human CTSD in the monocytes showed increased brain microvascular permeability resembling the diabetic microvascular phenotype, accompanied by cognitive deficit. Mechanistically, the monocytes release nonenzymatic pro-CTSD to upregulate caveolin expression in brain endothelium triggering caveolae-mediated transcytosis, without affecting the paracellular route of brain microvasculature. The circulating pro-CTSD activated the caveolae-mediated transcytosis in brain endothelial cells via its binding with low-density LRP1 (lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1). Importantly, genetic ablation of CTSD in the monocytes exhibited a protective effect against the diabetes-enhanced brain microvascular transcytosis and the diabetes-induced cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS These findings uncover the novel role of circulatory pro-CTSD from monocytes in the pathogenesis of cerebral microvascular lesions in diabetes. The circulatory pro-CTSD is a potential target for the intervention of microvascular complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., K.-H.L., X.-D.Z., Y.-J.B.)
| | - Zeng-Kang Huang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
| | - Zhi-Jun Li
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
| | - Xue-Wei Zhang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
| | - Kun-Hang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., K.-H.L., X.-D.Z., Y.-J.B.)
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
| | - Xu-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., K.-H.L., X.-D.Z., Y.-J.B.)
| | - Chen-Sheng Li
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
| | - Dong An
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, China (D.A.)
| | - Xue Sun
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
| | - Ming-Xin An
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
| | - Jun-Xiu Shi
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
| | - Yi-Jun Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., K.-H.L., X.-D.Z., Y.-J.B.)
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Gerontology (L.T., D.-F.W.), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di-Fei Wang
- Department of Gerontology (L.T., D.-F.W.), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - An-Hua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.-H.W.), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hua Chen
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
| | - Wei-Dong Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
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Shen T, Lin R, Hu C, Yu D, Ren C, Li T, Zhu M, Wan Z, Su T, Wu Y, Cai W, Yu J. Succinate-induced macrophage polarization and RBP4 secretion promote vascular sprouting in ocular neovascularization. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:308. [PMID: 38129891 PMCID: PMC10734053 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological neovascularization is a pivotal biological process in wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), in which macrophages (Mφs) play a key role. Tip cell specialization is critical in angiogenesis; however, its interconnection with the surrounding immune environment remains unclear. Succinate is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and was significantly elevated in patients with wet AMD by metabolomics. Advanced experiments revealed that SUCNR1 expression in Mφ and M2 polarization was detected in abnormal vessels of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) models. Succinate-induced M2 polarization via SUCNR1, which facilitated vascular endothelial cell (EC) migration, invasion, and tubulation, thus promoting angiogenesis in pathological neovascularization. Furthermore, evidence indicated that succinate triggered the release of RBP4 from Mφs into the surroundings to regulate endothelial sprouting and pathological angiogenesis via VEGFR2, a marker of tip cell formation. In conclusion, our results suggest that succinate represents a novel class of vasculature-inducing factors that modulate Mφ polarization and the RBP4/VEGFR2 pathway to induce pathological angiogenic signaling through tip cell specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ruoyi Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Donghui Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Chengda Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Meijiang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhongqi Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Tu Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Wenting Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu, China.
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5
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Moreno-Lanceta A, Medrano-Bosch M, Fundora Y, Perramón M, Aspas J, Parra-Robert M, Baena S, Fondevila C, Edelman ER, Jiménez W, Melgar-Lesmes P. RNF41 orchestrates macrophage-driven fibrosis resolution and hepatic regeneration. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabq6225. [PMID: 37437019 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq6225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic inflammation is a common trigger of chronic liver disease. Macrophage activation is a predictive parameter for survival in patients with cirrhosis. Ring finger protein 41 (RNF41) negatively regulates proinflammatory cytokines and receptors; however, the precise involvement of macrophage RNF41 in liver cirrhosis remains unknown. Here, we sought to understand how RNF41 dictates macrophage fate in hepatic fibrosis and repair within the inflammatory milieu. We found that RNF41 expression is down-regulated in CD11b+ macrophages recruited to mouse fibrotic liver and to patient cirrhotic liver regardless of cirrhosis etiology. Prolonged inflammation with TNF-α progressively reduced macrophage RNF41 expression. We designed a macrophage-selective gene therapy with dendrimer-graphite nanoparticles (DGNPs) to explore the influence of macrophage RNF41 restoration and depletion in liver fibrosis and regeneration. RNF41 expression induced in CD11b+ macrophages by DGNP-conjugated plasmids ameliorated liver fibrosis, reduced liver injury, and stimulated hepatic regeneration in fibrotic mice with or without hepatectomy. This therapeutic effect was mainly mediated by the induction of insulin-like growth factor 1. Conversely, depletion of macrophage RNF41 worsened inflammation, fibrosis, hepatic damage, and survival. Our data reveal implications of macrophage RNF41 in the control of hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and regeneration and provide a rationale for therapeutic strategies in chronic liver disease and potentially other diseases characterized by inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alazne Moreno-Lanceta
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Mireia Medrano-Bosch
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Yilliam Fundora
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Liver Transplant Unit, Institut Clínic de Malalties Digestives I Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Meritxell Perramón
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Jessica Aspas
- Liver Transplant Unit, Institut Clínic de Malalties Digestives I Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Marina Parra-Robert
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Sheila Baena
- Liver Transplant Unit, Institut Clínic de Malalties Digestives I Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Constantino Fondevila
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Liver Transplant Unit, Institut Clínic de Malalties Digestives I Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Elazer R Edelman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Pedro Melgar-Lesmes
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Medrano-Bosch M, Simón-Codina B, Jiménez W, Edelman ER, Melgar-Lesmes P. Monocyte-endothelial cell interactions in vascular and tissue remodeling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1196033. [PMID: 37483594 PMCID: PMC10360188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are circulating leukocytes of innate immunity derived from the bone marrow that interact with endothelial cells under physiological or pathophysiological conditions to orchestrate inflammation, angiogenesis, or tissue remodeling. Monocytes are attracted by chemokines and specific receptors to precise areas in vessels or tissues and transdifferentiate into macrophages with tissue damage or infection. Adherent monocytes and infiltrated monocyte-derived macrophages locally release a myriad of cytokines, vasoactive agents, matrix metalloproteinases, and growth factors to induce vascular and tissue remodeling or for propagation of inflammatory responses. Infiltrated macrophages cooperate with tissue-resident macrophages during all the phases of tissue injury, repair, and regeneration. Substances released by infiltrated and resident macrophages serve not only to coordinate vessel and tissue growth but cellular interactions as well by attracting more circulating monocytes (e.g. MCP-1) and stimulating nearby endothelial cells (e.g. TNF-α) to expose monocyte adhesion molecules. Prolonged tissue accumulation and activation of infiltrated monocytes may result in alterations in extracellular matrix turnover, tissue functions, and vascular leakage. In this review, we highlight the link between interactions of infiltrating monocytes and endothelial cells to regulate vascular and tissue remodeling with a special focus on how these interactions contribute to pathophysiological conditions such as cardiovascular and chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Medrano-Bosch
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Simón-Codina
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elazer R. Edelman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Pedro Melgar-Lesmes
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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7
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Moreno-Lanceta A, Medrano-Bosch M, Simón-Codina B, Barber-González M, Jiménez W, Melgar-Lesmes P. PPAR-γ Agonist GW1929 Targeted to Macrophages with Dendrimer-Graphene Nanostars Reduces Liver Fibrosis and Inflammation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051452. [PMID: 37242695 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play essential roles during the progression of chronic liver disease. They actively participate in the response to liver damage and in the balance between fibrogenesis and regression. The activation of the PPARγ nuclear receptor in macrophages has traditionally been associated with an anti-inflammatory phenotype. However, there are no PPARγ agonists with high selectivity for macrophages, and the use of full agonists is generally discouraged due to severe side effects. We designed dendrimer-graphene nanostars linked to a low dose of the GW1929 PPARγ agonist (DGNS-GW) for the selective activation of PPARγ in macrophages in fibrotic livers. DGNS-GW preferentially accumulated in inflammatory macrophages in vitro and attenuated macrophage pro-inflammatory phenotype. The treatment with DGNS-GW in fibrotic mice efficiently activated liver PPARγ signaling and promoted a macrophage switch from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. The reduction of hepatic inflammation was associated with a significant reduction in hepatic fibrosis but did not alter liver function or hepatic stellate cell activation. The therapeutic antifibrotic utility of DGNS-GW was attributed to an increased expression of hepatic metalloproteinases that allowed extracellular matrix remodeling. In conclusion, the selective activation of PPARγ in hepatic macrophages with DGNS-GW significantly reduced hepatic inflammation and stimulated extracellular matrix remodeling in experimental liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alazne Moreno-Lanceta
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Medrano-Bosch
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Simón-Codina
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Melgar-Lesmes
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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8
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Ito Y, Hosono K, Amano H. Responses of hepatic sinusoidal cells to liver ischemia–reperfusion injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1171317. [PMID: 37082623 PMCID: PMC10112669 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1171317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver displays a remarkable regenerative capacity in response to acute liver injury. In addition to the proliferation of hepatocytes during liver regeneration, non-parenchymal cells, including liver macrophages, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play critical roles in liver repair and regeneration. Liver ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of increased liver damage during liver resection, transplantation, and trauma. Impaired liver repair increases postoperative morbidity and mortality of patients who underwent liver surgery. Successful liver repair and regeneration after liver IRI requires coordinated interplay and synergic actions between hepatic resident cells and recruited cell components. However, the underlying mechanisms of liver repair after liver IRI are not well understood. Recent technological advances have revealed the heterogeneity of each liver cell component in the steady state and diseased livers. In this review, we describe the progress in the biology of liver non-parenchymal cells obtained from novel technological advances. We address the functional role of each cell component in response to liver IRI and the interactions between diverse immune repertoires and non-hematopoietic cell populations during the course of liver repair after liver IRI. We also discuss how these findings can help in the design of novel therapeutic approaches. Growing insights into the cellular interactions during liver IRI would enhance the pathology of liver IRI understanding comprehensively and further develop the strategies for improvement of liver repair.
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Li ZW, Wang L. The role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in liver remodeling after injury. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2023; 22:22-27. [PMID: 36182636 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the optimal treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease, metabolic liver diseases, and hepatic malignancies that are not amenable to resection. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the main problem in liver transplantation and liver resection, leading to parenchymal cell injury and organ dysfunction. The damage of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) is a critical event in IRI. LSECs work as an important regulating factor of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. This review primarily describes the mechanisms of LSECs injury in IRI and explores the roles of LSECs in liver regeneration, and briefly introduces the protective strategies targeting LSECs damaged in IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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10
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The Contribution of Hepatic Macrophage Heterogeneity during Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy in Mice. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:3353250. [PMID: 36249420 PMCID: PMC9568332 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3353250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods In the present study, we investigated hepatic macrophage heterogeneity in murine liver regeneration after 2/3 PHx through immunofluorescence staining, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results Our research showed that Kupffer cells reduced rapidly in the early PHx and restored gradually depending on local proliferation and replenishment from infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages. The ratio of ly6Chi to ly6Clo subset of macrophages in the liver changed dynamically, and hepatic macrophage function exhibits a significant difference in different stages of liver regeneration. Moreover, blocking infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophage recruitment augmented Kupffer cell proliferation but impaired the restoration of the hepatic macrophage pool, which led to delayed hepatocyte mitosis and liver regeneration. Conclusions Our data suggest that hepatic macrophage changes dynamically in origin and function during liver regeneration following PHx and macrophage-targeted liver regeneration should consider macrophage heterogeneity.
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11
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Elchaninov A, Vishnyakova P, Menyailo E, Sukhikh G, Fatkhudinov T. An Eye on Kupffer Cells: Development, Phenotype and the Macrophage Niche. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179868. [PMID: 36077265 PMCID: PMC9456487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key participants in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis under normal and pathological conditions, and implement a rich diversity of functions. The largest population of resident tissue macrophages is found in the liver. Hepatic macrophages, termed Kupffer cells, are involved in the regulation of multiple liver functionalities. Specific differentiation profiles and functional activities of tissue macrophages have been attributed to the shaping role of the so-called tissue niche microenvironments. The fundamental macrophage niche concept was lately shaken by a flood of new data, leading to a revision and substantial update of the concept, which constitutes the main focus of this review. The macrophage community discusses contemporary evidence on the developmental origins of resident macrophages, notably Kupffer cells and the issues of heterogeneity of the hepatic macrophage populations, as well as the roles of proliferation, cell death and migration processes in the maintenance of macrophage populations of the liver. Special consideration is given to interactions of Kupffer cells with other local cell lineages, including Ito cells, sinusoidal endothelium and hepatocytes, which participate in the maintenance of their phenotypical and functional identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Elchaninov
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Histology Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Polina Vishnyakova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Histology Department, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor Menyailo
- Laboratory of Growth and Development, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBI “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady Sukhikh
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- Histology Department, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Growth and Development, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBI “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Abstract
Hepatic macrophages are key immune cells associated with the broad ranges of liver diseases including steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Hepatic macrophages interact with other immune cells and orchestrate hepatic immune circumstances. Recently, the heterogenous populations of hepatic macrophages have been discovered termed residential Kupffer cells and monocyte-derived macrophages, and identified their distinct population dynamics during the progression of various liver diseases. Liver injury lead to Kupffer cells activation with induction of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which triggers recruitment of inflammatory monocyte-derived macrophages. To understand liver pathology, the functions of different subtypes of liver macrophages should be regarded with different perspectives. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the roles of hepatic macrophages under liver damages and suggest hepatic macrophages as promising therapeutic targets for treating liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Jin Lee
- Laboratory of Pathology and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- Laboratory of Pathology and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Han
- Laboratory of Pathology and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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13
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Yue LH, Wang LN, Zhu XC, Peng YH. The promotion of liver regeneration in mice after a partial hepatectomy as a result of the modulation of macrophage activation by dexmedetomidine. Transpl Immunol 2022; 72:101577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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14
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Liu YJ, Chen XF, Zhou LP, Rao F, Zhang DY, Wang YH. A nerve conduit filled with Wnt5a-loaded fibrin hydrogels promotes peripheral nerve regeneration. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 28:145-157. [PMID: 34729936 PMCID: PMC8673702 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Peripheral nerve injury is a significant clinical problem with a substantial impact on quality of life, for which no optimal treatment has been found. This study aimed to analyze the effect and mechanism of Wnt5a‐loaded fibrin hydrogel on a 10‐mm rat sciatic nerve defect. Methods The Wnt5a‐loaded fibrin hydrogel was synthesized by mixing a Wnt5a solution with thrombin and fibrinogen solutions. The loading capacity and release profile of Wnt5a‐loaded fibrin hydrogel and the effect of Wnt5a on Schwann cells were evaluated in vitro. We also assessed the in vivo repair status via histological analysis of the regenerative nerve and gastrocnemius muscle, electrophysiological examination, gait analysis, and muscle wet weight. Results We developed a nerve conduit filled with Wnt5a‐loaded fibrin hydrogel (Fn) as a sustained‐release system to repair a 10‐mm rat sciatic nerve defect. In vitro, Wnt5a could promote SC proliferation and the gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and cholinergic neurotrophic factor (CNTF), as well as the protein secretion of VEGF and NGF. In vivo, the Wnt5a/Fn group was superior to the hollow, fibrin hydrogel, and Wnt5a groups in terms of axonal growth, myelination, electrophysiological recovery, target organ innervation, and motor function recovery 12 weeks after the operation. Conclusion The Wnt5a/Fn nerve conduit can promote peripheral nerve defect regeneration, with potential clinical applications. The mechanism for this may be the facilitation of multiple neurotrophin secretion, combining vascularization and neurotrophic growth cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Ministry of Education/ Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Rao
- Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dian-Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Ministry of Education/ Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Hua Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Ministry of Education/ Peking University), Beijing, China
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15
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Sandech N, Jangchart R, Komolkriengkrai M, Boonyoung P, Khimmaktong W. Efficiency of Gymnema sylvestre-derived gymnemic acid on the restoration and improvement of brain vascular characteristics in diabetic rats. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1420. [PMID: 34707702 PMCID: PMC8543180 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is a vital organ that requires a constant blood supply. Stroke occurs when the blood supply to specific parts of the brain is reduced; diabetes is an autonomous risk factor for stroke. The present study aimed to investigate the potential vascular protective effect of gymnemic acid (GM) by assessing the morphological changes of microvasculature, along with VEGFA and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) protein expression in the brains of diabetic rats. Rats were divided into five groups, including control, gymnemic control rats (CGM), rats that were rendered diabetic by single injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ), diabetic rats treated with 400 mg/kg GM (STZ + GM) and diabetic rats treated with 4 mg/kg glibenclamide (GL; STZ + GL). After 8 weeks, brain tissues were collected to examine the three-dimensional morphology of the anterior cerebral arteries by vascular corrosion casting. Western blotting was performed to determine VEGFA and Ang-1 expression. Cerebral arteries, arterioles and capillaries were depicted the diameter, thickness and collagen accumulation of the wall, and the results demonstrated narrow diameters, thickened walls and collagen accumulation in the STZ group. After receiving GM, the histopathological changes were similar to that of the control group. Through vascular corrosion casting and microscopy, signs of vessel restoration and improvement were exhibited by increased diameters, and healthy and nourished arterioles and capillaries following treatment with GM. Furthermore, VEGF expression and Ang-1 secretion decreased in the STZ + GM group compared with STZ rats. The results of the present study revealed that GM treatment decreased blood vessel damage in the brain, suggesting that it may be used as a therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichawadee Sandech
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Rawipa Jangchart
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Manaras Komolkriengkrai
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Piyakorn Boonyoung
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Wipapan Khimmaktong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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16
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Ait Ahmed Y, Fu Y, Rodrigues RM, He Y, Guan Y, Guillot A, Ren R, Feng D, Hidalgo J, Ju C, Lafdil F, Gao B. Kupffer cell restoration after partial hepatectomy is mainly driven by local cell proliferation in IL-6-dependent autocrine and paracrine manners. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2165-2176. [PMID: 34282300 PMCID: PMC8429713 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kupffer cells (KCs), which are liver-resident macrophages, originate from the fetal yolk sac and represent one of the largest macrophage populations in the body. However, the current data on the origin of the cells that restore macrophages during liver injury and regeneration remain controversial. Here, we address the question of whether liver macrophage restoration results from circulating monocyte infiltration or local KC proliferation in regenerating livers after partial hepatectomy (PHx) and uncover the underlying mechanisms. By using several strains of genetically modified mice and performing immunohistochemical analyses, we demonstrated that local KC proliferation mainly contributed to the restoration of liver macrophages after PHx. Peak KC proliferation was impaired in Il6-knockout (KO) mice and restored after the administration of IL-6 protein, whereas KC proliferation was not affected in Il4-KO or Csf2-KO mice. The source of IL-6 was identified using hepatocyte- and myeloid-specific Il6-KO mice and the results revealed that both hepatocytes and myeloid cells contribute to IL-6 production after PHx. Moreover, peak KC proliferation was also impaired in myeloid-specific Il6 receptor-KO mice after PHx, suggesting that IL-6 signaling directly promotes KC proliferation. Studies using several inhibitors to block the IL-6 signaling pathway revealed that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) contributed to IL-6-mediated KC proliferation in vitro. Genetic deletion of the Sirt1 gene in myeloid cells, including KCs, impaired KC proliferation after PHx. In conclusion, our data suggest that KC repopulation after PHx is mainly driven by local KC proliferation, which is dependent on IL-6 and SIRT1 activation in KCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeni Ait Ahmed
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Yaojie Fu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robim M Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yukun Guan
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruixue Ren
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan Hidalgo
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fouad Lafdil
- Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France.
- INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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17
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De Rudder M, Dili A, Stärkel P, Leclercq IA. Critical Role of LSEC in Post-Hepatectomy Liver Regeneration and Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8053. [PMID: 34360818 PMCID: PMC8347197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoids are lined by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC), which represent approximately 15 to 20% of the liver cells, but only 3% of the total liver volume. LSEC have unique functions, such as fluid filtration, blood vessel tone modulation, blood clotting, inflammatory cell recruitment, and metabolite and hormone trafficking. Different subtypes of liver endothelial cells are also known to control liver zonation and hepatocyte function. Here, we have reviewed the origin of LSEC, the different subtypes identified in the liver, as well as their renewal during homeostasis. The liver has the exceptional ability to regenerate from small remnants. The past decades have seen increasing awareness in the role of non-parenchymal cells in liver regeneration despite not being the most represented population. While a lot of knowledge has emerged, clarification is needed regarding the role of LSEC in sensing shear stress and on their participation in the inductive phase of regeneration by priming the hepatocytes and delivering mitogenic factors. It is also unclear if bone marrow-derived LSEC participate in the proliferative phase of liver regeneration. Similarly, data are scarce as to LSEC having a role in the termination phase of the regeneration process. Here, we review what is known about the interaction between LSEC and other liver cells during the different phases of liver regeneration. We next explain extended hepatectomy and small liver transplantation, which lead to "small for size syndrome" (SFSS), a lethal liver failure. SFSS is linked to endothelial denudation, necrosis, and lobular disturbance. Using the knowledge learned from partial hepatectomy studies on LSEC, we expose several techniques that are, or could be, used to avoid the "small for size syndrome" after extended hepatectomy or small liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime De Rudder
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.D.R.); (A.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Alexandra Dili
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.D.R.); (A.D.); (P.S.)
- HPB Surgery Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur, Site Mont-Godinne, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.D.R.); (A.D.); (P.S.)
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle A. Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.D.R.); (A.D.); (P.S.)
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18
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Li SY, Gu X, Heinrich A, Hurley EG, Capel B, DeFalco T. Loss of Mafb and Maf distorts myeloid cell ratios and disrupts fetal mouse testis vascularization and organogenesis†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:958-975. [PMID: 34007995 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Testis differentiation is initiated when Sry in pre-Sertoli cells directs the gonad toward a male-specific fate. Sertoli cells are essential for testis development, but cell types within the interstitial compartment, such as immune and endothelial cells, are also critical for organ formation. Our previous work implicated macrophages in fetal testis morphogenesis, but little is known about genes underlying immune cell development during organogenesis. Here we examine the role of the immune-associated genes Mafb and Maf in mouse fetal gonad development, and we demonstrate that deletion of these genes leads to aberrant hematopoiesis manifested by supernumerary gonadal monocytes. Mafb; Maf double knockout embryos underwent initial gonadal sex determination normally, but exhibited testicular hypervascularization, testis cord formation defects, Leydig cell deficit, and a reduced number of germ cells. In general, Mafb and Maf alone were dispensable for gonad development; however, when both genes were deleted, we observed significant defects in testicular morphogenesis, indicating that Mafb and Maf work redundantly during testis differentiation. These results demonstrate previously unappreciated roles for Mafb and Maf in immune and vascular development and highlight the importance of interstitial cells in gonadal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yun Li
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Xiaowei Gu
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Anna Heinrich
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Emily G Hurley
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Blanche Capel
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Tony DeFalco
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
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19
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Große-Segerath L, Lammert E. Role of vasodilation in liver regeneration and health. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1009-1019. [PMID: 33908220 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that an enhanced blood flow through the liver triggers hepatocyte proliferation and thereby liver growth. In this review, we first explain the literature on hepatic blood flow and its changes after partial hepatectomy (PHx), before we present the different steps of liver regeneration that take place right after the initial hemodynamic changes induced by PHx. Those parts of the molecular mechanisms governing liver regeneration, which are directly associated with the hepatic vascular system, are subsequently reviewed. These include β1 integrin-dependent mechanotransduction in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), triggering mechanically-induced activation of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR3) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) as well as release of growth-promoting angiocrine signals. Finally, we speculate how advanced age and obesity negatively affect the hepatic vasculature and thus liver regeneration and health, and we conclude our review with some recent technical progress in the clinic that employs liver perfusion. In sum, the mechano-elastic properties and alterations of the hepatic vasculature are key to better understand and influence liver health, regeneration, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Große-Segerath
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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20
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Liver Resection Promotes (Regulates) Proinflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 2021:5593655. [PMID: 33987145 PMCID: PMC8093046 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5593655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several animal studies have shown the roles of cytokines in regulating liver regeneration following liver resection (LR), which is a type of surgery designed to remove cancerous tumors from the liver. This study investigated how the expressions and serum levels of some pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were changed during LR. METHODS Liver tissues from 15 patients with HCC were collected and the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1α, IL-1 β, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) were assessed using real-time PCR assay at different times before and after LR. The serum values of TNF-α and IL-6 were also measured by ELISA. RESULTS After 60 and 90 minutes of LR, IL-6 gene expression was significantly increased (P < 0.001 - 0.05). The same trend was also observed in TNF-α expression after 90 minutes of LR (P < 0.01). No significant changes were observed in the expressions of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-10, and TGF-β1 before and after LR. In addition, LR had significant effects on TNF-α and IL-6 serum levels (P < 0.05 - 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our data provided further evidence to reveal that IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines are critical to improve liver regeneration.
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21
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F4/80 + Kupffer Cell-Derived Oncostatin M Sustains the Progression Phase of Liver Regeneration through Inhibition of TGF-β2 Pathway. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082231. [PMID: 33924385 PMCID: PMC8069260 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Kupffer cells (KCs) in liver regeneration is complicated and controversial. To investigate the distinct role of F4/80+ KCs at the different stages of the regeneration process, two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PHx) was performed in mice to induce physiological liver regeneration. In pre- or post-PHx, the clearance of KCs by intraperitoneal injection of the anti-F4/80 antibody (α-F4/80) was performed to study the distinct role of F4/80+ KCs during the regenerative process. In RNA sequencing of isolated F4/80+ KCs, the initiation phase was compared with the progression phase. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining of Ki67, HNF-4α, CD-31, and F4/80 and Western blot of the TGF-β2 pathway were performed. Depletion of F4/80+ KCs in pre-PHx delayed the peak of hepatocyte proliferation from 48 h to 120 h, whereas depletion in post-PHx unexpectedly led to persistent inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation, indicating the distinct role of F4/80+ KCs in the initiation and progression phases of liver regeneration. F4/80+ KC depletion in post-PHx could significantly increase TGF-β2 serum levels, while TGF-βRI partially rescued the impaired proliferation of hepatocytes. Additionally, F4/80+ KC depletion in post-PHx significantly lowered the expression of oncostatin M (OSM), a key downstream mediator of interleukin-6, which is required for hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. In vivo, recombinant OSM (r-OSM) treatment alleviated the inhibitory effect of α-F4/80 on the regenerative progression. Collectively, F4/80+ KCs release OSM to inhibit TGF-β2 activation, sustaining hepatocyte proliferation by releasing a proliferative brake.
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22
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Sadowska JM, Ginebra MP. Inflammation and biomaterials: role of the immune response in bone regeneration by inorganic scaffolds. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:9404-9427. [PMID: 32970087 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01379j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory role of the immune system in maintaining bone homeostasis and restoring its functionality, when disturbed due to trauma or injury, has become evident in recent years. The polarization of macrophages, one of the main constituents of the immune system, into the pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotype has great repercussions for cellular crosstalk and the subsequent processes needed for proper bone regeneration such as angiogenesis and osteogenesis. In certain scenarios, the damaged osseous tissue requires the placement of synthetic bone grafts to facilitate the healing process. Inorganic biomaterials such as bioceramics or bioactive glasses are the most widely used due to their resemblance to the mineral phase of bone and superior osteogenic properties. The immune response of the host to the inorganic biomaterial, which is of an exogenous nature, might determine its fate, leading either to active bone regeneration or its failure. Therefore, various strategies have been employed, like the modification of structural/chemical features or the incorporation of bioactive molecules, to tune the interplay with the immune cells. Understanding how these particular modifications impact the polarization of macrophages and further osteogenic and osteoclastogenic events is of great interest in view of designing a new generation of osteoimmunomodulatory materials that support the regeneration of osseous tissue during all stages of bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Sadowska
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Ireland
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain. and Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Cheng QN, Yang X, Wu JF, Ai WB, Ni YR. Interaction of non‑parenchymal hepatocytes in the process of hepatic fibrosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:364. [PMID: 33760176 PMCID: PMC7986015 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is the process of fibrous scar formation caused by chronic liver injury of different etiologies. Previous studies have hypothesized that the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is the central process in HF. The interaction between HSCs and surrounding cells is also crucial. Additionally, hepatic sinusoids capillarization, inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrosis develop during HF. The process involves multiple cell types that are highly connected and work in unison to maintain the homeostasis of the hepatic microenvironment, which serves a key role in the initiation and progression of HF. The current review provides novel insight into the intercellular interaction among liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, HSCs and Kupffer cells, as well as the hepatic microenvironment in the development of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ni Cheng
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Feng Wu
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bing Ai
- The Yiling Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei 443100, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ran Ni
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
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24
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Coelho I, Duarte N, Macedo MP, Penha-Gonçalves C. Insights into Macrophage/Monocyte-Endothelial Cell Crosstalk in the Liver: A Role for Trem-2. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1248. [PMID: 33802948 PMCID: PMC8002813 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease accounts for millions of deaths worldwide annually being a major cause of global morbidity. Hepatotoxic insults elicit a multilayered response involving tissue damage, inflammation, scar formation, and tissue regeneration. Liver cell populations act coordinately to maintain tissue homeostasis and providing a barrier to external aggressors. However, upon hepatic damage, this tight regulation is disrupted, leading to liver pathology which spans from simple steatosis to cirrhosis. Inflammation is a hallmark of liver pathology, where macrophages and endothelial cells are pivotal players in promoting and sustaining disease progression. Understanding the drivers and mediators of these interactions will provide valuable information on what may contribute to liver resilience against disease. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of macrophages and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) in homeostasis and liver pathology. Moreover, we discuss the expanding body of evidence on cell-to-cell communication between these two cell compartments and present triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (Trem-2) as a plausible mediator of this cellular interlink. This review consolidates relevant knowledge that might be useful to guide the pursue of successful therapeutic targets and pharmacological strategies for controlling liver pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Coelho
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.C.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Nádia Duarte
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Maria Paula Macedo
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (I.C.); (M.P.M.)
- APDP Diabetes Portugal, Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), 1250-189 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Penha-Gonçalves
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal;
- APDP Diabetes Portugal, Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), 1250-189 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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25
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Wan X, Guan S, Hou Y, Qin Y, Zeng H, Yang L, Qiao Y, Liu S, Li Q, Jin T, Qiu Y, Liu M. FOSL2 promotes VEGF-independent angiogenesis by transcriptionnally activating Wnt5a in breast cancer-associated fibroblasts. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4975-4991. [PMID: 33754039 PMCID: PMC7978317 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a predominant component of the tumor microenvironment, contribute to aggressive angiogenesis progression. In clinical practice, traditional anti-angiogenic therapy, mainly anti-VEGF, provides extremely limited beneficial effects to breast cancer. Here, we reveal that FOS-like 2 (FOSL2), a transcription factor in breast CAFs, plays a critical role in VEGF-independent angiogenesis in stromal fibroblasts. Methods: FOSL2 and Wnt5a expression was assessed by qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry in primary and immortalized CAFs and clinical samples. FOSL2- or Wnt5a-silenced CAFs and FOSL2-overexpressing NFs were established to explore their proangiogenic effects. Invasion, tubule formation, three-dimensional sprouting assays, and orthotopic xenografts were conducted as angiogenesis experiments. FZD5/NF-κB/ERK signaling activation was evaluated by western blotting after blocking VEGF/VEGFR with an anti-VEGF antibody and axitinib. Dual luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to test the role of FOSL2 in regulating Wnt5a expression, and Wnt5a in the serum of the patients was measured to assess its clinical diagnostic value for breast cancer patients. Results: Enhanced FOSL2 in breast CAFs was significantly associated with angiogenesis and clinical progression in patients. The supernatant from CAFs highly expressing FOSL2 strongly promoted tube formation and sprouting of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a VEGF-independent manner and angiogenesis as well as tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, the enhanced FOSL2 in CAFs was regulated by estrogen/cAMP/PKA signaling. Wnt5a, a direct target of FOSL2, specifically activated FZD5/NF-κB/ERK signaling in HUVECs to promote VEGF-independent angiogenesis. In addition, a high level of Wnt5a was commonly detected in the serum of breast cancer patients and closely correlated with microvessel density in breast tumor tissues, suggesting a promising clinical value of Wnt5a for breast cancer diagnostics. Conclusion: FOSL2/Wnt5a signaling plays an essential role in breast cancer angiogenesis in a VEGF-independent manner, and targeting the FOSL2/Wnt5a signaling axis in CAFs may offer a potential option for antiangiogenesis therapy.
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26
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Céspedes N, Tamayo A, Rodriguez MJ, Zúñiga-Hernández J. EPA plus DHA improves survival related to a decrease of injury after extended liver ischemia in Sprague-Dawley rats. Ann Hepatol 2021; 19:172-178. [PMID: 31711915 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The omega-3 fatty acids (ω3), EPA and DHA, have been described for their beneficial effects on metabolism and inflammation. In addition, they are interesting tools in the treatment of acute liver disease. This investigation was conducted to assess the effect of EPA+DHA administration before partial ischemia (IR) on survival and liver injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were supplemented for 7 days with ω3 [EPA (270mg/kg) and DHA (180mg/kg)]; controls received saline solution. After EPA+DHA supplementation, liver IR was induced by temporarily occluding the blood supply for 1h, followed up by 48h of reperfusion. Control animals were subjected to sham laparotomy. RESULTS Previous to IR, the EPA+DHA administration improved the rate and prolonged the survival time by decreasing the AST and ALT levels and improving liver degenerative changes generated by the IR, which decreased TNF-α and IL-1β. In addition, IL-10 increased at 20h with a tendency to normalize at 48h. The IR group had no differences in the IL-10 levels compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS The ω3 supplementation could prevent and promote the restoration of the liver tissue and significantly improve the survival rate in rats at 48h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Céspedes
- Pharmacology Unit, Medical Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca, Maule, Chile
| | - Andrea Tamayo
- Pharmacology Unit, Medical Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca, Maule, Chile
| | - Maria Jose Rodriguez
- Pharmacology Unit, Medical Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca, Maule, Chile; Doctorate Program in Research and Development of Bioactive Products, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Maule, Chile
| | - Jessica Zúñiga-Hernández
- Pharmacology Unit, Medical Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Talca, Maule, Chile.
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27
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Zhang J, Chan HF, Wang H, Shao D, Tao Y, Li M. Stem cell therapy and tissue engineering strategies using cell aggregates and decellularized scaffolds for the rescue of liver failure. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:2041731420986711. [PMID: 35003615 PMCID: PMC8733710 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420986711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver failure is a lethal condition with hepatocellular dysfunction, and liver transplantation is presently the only effective treatment. However, due to the limited availability of donors and the potential immune rejection, novel therapeutic strategies are actively sought to restore the normal hepatic architectures and functions, especially for livers with inherited metabolic dysfunctions or chronic diseases. Although the conventional cell therapy has shown promising results, the direct infusion of hepatocytes is hampered by limited hepatocyte sources, poor cell viability, and engraftment. Hence, this review mainly highlights the role of stem cells and progenitors as the alternative cell source and summarizes the potential approaches based on tissue engineering to improve the delivery efficiency of cells. Particularly, the underlying mechanisms for cell therapy using stem cells and progenitors are discussed in two main aspects: paracrine effect and cell differentiation. Moreover, tissue-engineering approaches using cell aggregates and decellularized liver scaffolds for bioengineering of functional hepatic constructs are discussed and compared in terms of the potential to replicate liver physiological structures. In the end, a potentially effective strategy combining the premium advantages of stem cell aggregates and decellularized liver scaffolds is proposed as the future direction of liver tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hon Fai Chan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Shao
- Institutes of Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Xue J, Xiao T, Wei S, Sun J, Zou Z, Shi M, Sun Q, Dai X, Wu L, Li J, Xia H, Tang H, Zhang A, Liu Q. miR-21-regulated M2 polarization of macrophage is involved in arsenicosis-induced hepatic fibrosis through the activation of hepatic stellate cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6025-6041. [PMID: 33481270 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arsenicosis induced by chronic exposure to arsenic is recognized as one of the main damaging effects on public health. Exposure to arsenic can cause hepatic fibrosis, but the molecular mechanisms by which this occurs are complex and elusive. It is not known if miRNAs are involved in arsenic-induced liver fibrosis. We found that in the livers of mice exposed to arsenite, there were elevated levels of microRNA-21 (miR-21), phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), and arginase 1 (Arg1); low levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN); and more extensive liver fibrosis. For cultured cells, arsenite-induced miR-21, p-mTOR, and Arg1; decreased PTEN; and promoted M2 polarization of macrophages derived from THP-1 monocytes (THP-M), which caused secretion of fibrogenic cytokines, including transforming growth factor-β1. Coculture of arsenite-treated, THP-M with LX-2 cells induced α-SMA and collagen I in the LX-2 cells and resulted in the activation of these cells. Downregulation of miR-21 in THP-M inhibited arsenite-induced M2 polarization and activation of LX-2 cells, but cotransfection with PTEN siRNA or a miR-21 inhibitor reversed this inhibition. Moreover, knockout of miR-21 in mice attenuated liver fibrosis and M2 polarization compared with WT mice exposed to arsenite. Additionally, LN, PCIII, and HA levels were higher in patients with higher hair arsenic levels, and levels of miR-21 were higher than controls and positively correlated with PCIII, LN, and HA levels. Thus, arsenite induces the M2 polarization of macrophages via miR-21 regulation of PTEN, which is involved in the activation of hepatic stellate cells and hepatic fibrosis. The results establish a previously unknown mechanism for arsenicosis-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Xue
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian Xiao
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaofeng Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhonglan Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyu Dai
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Wu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haibo Xia
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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29
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Chen J, Lippo L, Labella R, Tan SL, Marsden BD, Dustin ML, Ramasamy SK, Kusumbe AP. Decreased blood vessel density and endothelial cell subset dynamics during ageing of the endocrine system. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105242. [PMID: 33215738 PMCID: PMC7780152 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated alterations of the hormone-secreting endocrine system cause organ dysfunction and disease states. However, the cell biology of endocrine tissue ageing remains poorly understood. Here, we perform comparative 3D imaging to understand age-related perturbations of the endothelial cell (EC) compartment in endocrine glands. Datasets of a wide range of markers highlight a decline in capillary and artery numbers, but not of perivascular cells in pancreas, testis and thyroid gland, with age in mice and humans. Further, angiogenesis and β-cell expansion in the pancreas are coupled by a distinct age-dependent subset of ECs. While this EC subpopulation supports pancreatic β cells, it declines during ageing concomitant with increased expression of the gap junction protein Gja1. EC-specific ablation of Gja1 restores β-cell expansion in the aged pancreas. These results provide a proof of concept for understanding age-related vascular changes and imply that therapeutic targeting of blood vessels may restore aged endocrine tissue function. This comprehensive data atlas offers over > 1,000 multicolour volumes for exploration and research in endocrinology, ageing, matrix and vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments GroupThe Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of ProsthodonticsState Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Luciana Lippo
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments GroupThe Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Rossella Labella
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments GroupThe Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Sin Lih Tan
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments GroupThe Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Brian D Marsden
- The Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Structural Genomics ConsortiumNDMUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Michael L Dustin
- The Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Saravana K Ramasamy
- Institute of Clinical SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
- MRC London Institute of Medical SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Anjali P Kusumbe
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments GroupThe Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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30
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Wen Y, Lambrecht J, Ju C, Tacke F. Hepatic macrophages in liver homeostasis and diseases-diversity, plasticity and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:45-56. [PMID: 33041338 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, which are key cellular components of the liver, have emerged as essential players in the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis and in injury and repair processes in acute and chronic liver diseases. Upon liver injury, resident Kupffer cells (KCs) sense disturbances in homeostasis, interact with hepatic cell populations and release chemokines to recruit circulating leukocytes, including monocytes, which subsequently differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMϕs) in the liver. Both KCs and MoMϕs contribute to both the progression and resolution of tissue inflammation and injury in various liver diseases. The diversity of hepatic macrophage subsets and their plasticity explain their different functional responses in distinct liver diseases. In this review, we highlight novel findings regarding the origins and functions of hepatic macrophages and discuss the potential of targeting macrophages as a therapeutic strategy for liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joeri Lambrecht
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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31
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The Role of Macrophages in Vascular Repair and Regeneration after Ischemic Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176328. [PMID: 32878297 PMCID: PMC7503238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage is one of the important players in immune response which perform many different functions during tissue injury, repair, and regeneration. Studies using animal models of cardiovascular diseases have provided a clear picture describing the effect of macrophages and their phenotype during injury and regeneration of various vascular beds. Many data have been generated to demonstrate that macrophages secrete many important factors including cytokines and growth factors to regulate angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, acting directly or indirectly on the vascular cells. Different subsets of macrophages may participate at different stages of vascular repair. Recent findings also suggest a direct interaction between macrophages and other cell types during the generation and repair of vasculature. In this short review, we focused our discussion on how macrophages adapt to the surrounding microenvironment and their potential interaction with other cells, in the context of vascular repair supported by evidences mostly from studies using hindlimb ischemia as a model for studying post-ischemic vascular repair.
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32
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Wei S, Tang J, Cai X. Founder cells for hepatocytes during liver regeneration: from identification to application. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2887-2898. [PMID: 32060582 PMCID: PMC11105049 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03457-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration (LR) capacity in vertebrates developed through natural selection over a hundred million years of evolution. To maintain homeostasis or recover from various injuries, liver cells must regenerate; this process includes the renewal of parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells as well as the formation of liver structures. The cellular origin of newly grown tissue is one of the critical questions in this area and has been a subject of prolonged debate. The regenerative tissue may derive from either hepatocyte self-duplication or liver stem/progenitor cells (LSPCs). Recently, hepatocyte subpopulations and cholangiocytes were also described as important founder cells. The niche that triggers the proliferation of hepatocytes and the differentiation of LSPCs has been extensively studied. Meanwhile, in vitro culture systems for liver founder cells and organoids have been developed rapidly for mechanistic studies and potential therapeutic purposes. This review summarizes the cellular sources and niches that give rise to renewed hepatocytes during LR, and it also describes in vitro culture studies of those founder cells for future applications, as well as current reports for stem cell-based therapies for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jiacheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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Ding J, Venkatesan R, Zhai Z, Muhammad W, Nakkala JR, Gao C. Micro- and nanoparticles-based immunoregulation of macrophages for tissue repair and regeneration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 192:111075. [PMID: 32403015 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The importance of inflammatory tissue microenvironment on the repair and regeneration of tissues and organs has been well recognized. In particular, the phenotypes of macrophages can significantly influence on the processes of tissue repair and remodeling. Among the many types of biomaterials, the particles in the range from nanometers to submicron meters have been extensively studied and applied in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. They can actively interact with cells in different levels, and show the ability to regulate the polarization of macrophages. In this review, the influence of physicochemical properties such as size, surface charge, chemical components and surface modification of micro-nanoparticles on the immune behavior of macrophages, including endocytosis and phenotype switch, shall be introduced. The important roles of nanoparticles-based immunoregulation of macrophages on the chronic skin wounds regeneration, myocardial repair, liver repair and bone regeneration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rajiu Venkatesan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zihe Zhai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wali Muhammad
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jayachandra Reddy Nakkala
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Abstract
Ample evidence suggests that hepatic macrophages play key roles in the injury and repair mechanisms during liver disease progression. There are two major populations of hepatic macrophages: the liver resident Kupffer cells and the monocyte-derived macrophages, which rapidly infiltrate the liver during injury. Under different disease conditions, the tissue microenvironmental cues of the liver critically influence the phenotypes and functions of hepatic macrophages. Furthermore, hepatic macrophages interact with multiple cells types in the liver, such as hepatocytes, neutrophils, endothelial cells, and platelets. These crosstalk interactions are of paramount importance in regulating the extents of liver injury, repair, and ultimately liver disease progression. In this review, we summarize the novel findings highlighting the impact of injury-induced microenvironmental signals that determine the phenotype and function of hepatic macrophages. Moreover, we discuss the role of hepatic macrophages in homeostasis and pathological conditions through crosstalk interactions with other cells of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Shan
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Hu C, Wu Z, Li L. Mesenchymal stromal cells promote liver regeneration through regulation of immune cells. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:893-903. [PMID: 32071558 PMCID: PMC7019139 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.39725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is sensitive to pathogen-induced acute or chronic liver injury, and liver transplantation (LT) is the only effective strategy for end-stage liver diseases. However, the clinical application is limited by a shortage of liver organs, immunological rejection and high cost. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy has gradually become a hot topic for promoting liver regeneration and repairing liver injury in various liver diseases, since MSCs are reported to migrate toward injured tissues, undergo hepatogenic differentiation, inhibit inflammatory factor release and enhance the proliferation of liver cells in vivo. MSCs exert immunoregulatory effects through cell-cell contact and the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors to inhibit liver inflammation and promote liver regeneration. In addition, MSCs are reported to effectively inhibit the activation of cells of the innate immune system, including macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes and other immune cells, and inhibit the activation of cells of the adaptive immune system, including T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and subsets of T cells or B cells. In the current review, we mainly focus on the potential effects and mechanisms of MSCs in inhibiting the activation of immune cells to attenuate liver injury in models or patients with acute liver failure (ALF), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and liver fibrosis and in patients or models after LT. We highlight that MSC transplantation may replace general therapies for eliminating acute or chronic liver injury in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhongwen Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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Li Y, Wang M, Tao Y, Zhang R, Zhou M, Tao P, Feng P, Huang W, Huang H, Miao W. Highly stable and biocompatible nanocontrast agent encapsulating a novel organic fluorescent dye for enhanced cellular imaging. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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B-Cell Activating Factor Enhances Hepatocyte-Driven Angiogenesis via B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 10/Nuclear Factor-KappaB Signaling during Liver Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205022. [PMID: 31658764 PMCID: PMC6829427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is found to be associated with the histological severity of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). BAFF was also found to have a protective role in hepatic steatosis via down regulating the expression of steatogenesis genes and enhancing steatosis in hepatocytes through BAFF-R. However, the roles of BAFF during liver regeneration are not well defined. In this study, C57/B6 mice with 70% partial hepatectomy were used as a liver regeneration model. BAFF expression was determined by enzyme immunoassay, and anti-BAFF-neutralizing antibodies were administered to confirm the effects of BAFF on liver regeneration. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and florescence staining determined the expression of B-cell CCL/lymphoma 10 (BCL10). The angiogenesis promoting capability was evaluated after the transfection of cells with siRNA targeting BCL10 expression, and the role of NF-κB was assessed. The results revealed that the BAFF and BCL10 levels were upregulated after partial hepatectomy. Treatment with anti-BAFF-neutralizing antibodies caused death in mice that were subjected to 70% partial hepatectomy within 72 h. In vitro, recombinant BAFF protein did not enhance hepatocyte proliferation; however, transfection with BCL10 siRNA arrested hepatocytes at the G2/M phase. Interestingly, conditioned medium from BAFF-treated hepatocytes enhanced angiogenesis and endothelial cell proliferation. Moreover, Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), Fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4), and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) proteins were upregulated by BAFF through BCL10/NF-κB signaling. In mice that were treated with anti-BAFF-neutralizing antibodies, the microvessel density (MVD) of the remaining liver tissues and liver regeneration were both reduced. Taken together, our study demonstrated that an increased expression of BAFF and activation of BCL10/NF-κB signaling were involved in hepatocyte-driven angiogenesis and survival during liver regeneration.
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Zafarnia S, Mrugalla A, Rix A, Doleschel D, Gremse F, Wolf SD, Buyel JF, Albrecht U, Bode JG, Kiessling F, Lederle W. Non-invasive Imaging and Modeling of Liver Regeneration After Partial Hepatectomy. Front Physiol 2019; 10:904. [PMID: 31379606 PMCID: PMC6652107 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver has a unique regenerative capability upon injury or partial resection. The regeneration process comprises a complex interplay between parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells and is tightly regulated at different scales. Thus, we investigated liver regeneration using multi-scale methods by combining non-invasive imaging with immunohistochemical analyses. In this context, non-invasive imaging can provide quantitative data of processes involved in liver regeneration at organ and body scale. We quantitatively measured liver volume recovery after 70% partial hepatectomy (PHx) by micro computed tomography (μCT) and investigated changes in the density of CD68+ macrophages by fluorescence-mediated tomography (FMT) combined with μCT using a newly developed near-infrared fluorescent probe. In addition, angiogenesis and tissue-resident macrophages were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Based on the results, a model describing liver regeneration and the interactions between different cell types was established. In vivo analysis of liver volume regeneration over 21 days after PHx by μCT imaging demonstrated that the liver volume rapidly increased after PHx reaching a maximum at day 14 and normalizing until day 21. An increase in CD68+ macrophage density in the liver was detected from day 4 to day 8 by combined FMT-μCT imaging, followed by a decline towards control levels between day 14 and day 21. Immunohistochemistry revealed the highest angiogenic activity at day 4 after PHx that continuously declined thereafter, whereas the density of tissue-resident CD169+ macrophages was not altered. The simulated time courses for volume recovery, angiogenesis and macrophage density reflect the experimental data describing liver regeneration after PHx at organ and tissue scale. In this context, our study highlights the importance of non-invasive imaging for acquiring quantitative organ scale data that enable modeling of liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zafarnia
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Mrugalla
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Rix
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dennis Doleschel
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephanie D Wolf
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes F Buyel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Albrecht
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes G Bode
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Lederle
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Han HI, Skvarca LB, Espiritu EB, Davidson AJ, Hukriede NA. The role of macrophages during acute kidney injury: destruction and repair. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:561-569. [PMID: 29383444 PMCID: PMC6066473 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined by a rapid decline in renal function. Regardless of the initial cause of injury, the influx of immune cells is a common theme during AKI. While an inflammatory response is critical for the initial control of injury, a prolonged response can negatively affect tissue repair. In this review, we focus on the role of macrophages, from early inflammation to resolution, during AKI. These cells serve as the innate defense system by phagocytosing cellular debris and pathogenic molecules and bridge communication with the adaptive immune system by acting as antigen-presenting cells and secreting cytokines. While many immune cells function to initiate inflammation, macrophages play a complex role throughout AKI. This complexity is driven by their functional plasticity: the ability to polarize from a "pro-inflammatory" phenotype to a "pro-reparative" phenotype. Importantly, experimental and translational studies indicate that macrophage polarization opens the possibility to generate novel therapeutics to promote repair during AKI. A thorough understanding of the biological roles these phagocytes play during both injury and repair is necessary to understand the limitations while furthering the therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa I. Han
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Lauren B. Skvarca
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Eugenel B. Espiritu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Alan J. Davidson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Neil A. Hukriede
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America,Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America,Correspondence: Dr. Neil A. Hukriede, Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 5th Ave., 5061 BST3, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Phone: 412-648-9918;
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Nachmany I, Bogoch Y, Sivan A, Amar O, Bondar E, Zohar N, Yakubovsky O, Fainaru O, Klausner JM, Pencovich N. CD11b +Ly6G + myeloid-derived suppressor cells promote liver regeneration in a murine model of major hepatectomy. FASEB J 2019; 33:5967-5978. [PMID: 30730772 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801733r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration depends on sequential activation of pathways and cells involving the remaining organ in recovery of mass. Proliferation of parenchyma is dependent on angiogenesis. Understanding liver regeneration-associated neovascularization may be useful for development of clinical interventions. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) promote tumor angiogenesis and play a role in developmental processes that necessitate rapid vascularization. We therefore hypothesized that the MDSCs could play a role in liver regeneration. Following partial hepatectomy, MDSCs were enriched within regenerating livers, and their depletion led to increased liver injury and postoperative mortality, reduced liver weights, decreased hepatic vascularization, reduced hepatocyte hypertrophy and proliferation, and aberrant liver function. Gene expression profiling of regenerating liver-derived MDSCs demonstrated a large-scale transcriptional response involving key pathways related to angiogenesis. Functionally, enhanced reactive oxygen species production and angiogenic capacities of regenerating liver-derived MDSCs were confirmed. A comparative analysis revealed that the transcriptional response of MDSCs during liver regeneration resembled that of peripheral blood MDSCs during progression of abdominal tumors, suggesting a common MDSC gene expression profile promoting angiogenesis. In summary, our study shows that MDSCs contribute to early stages of liver regeneration possibly by exerting proangiogenic functions using a unique transcriptional program.-Nachmany, I., Bogoch, Y., Sivan, A., Amar, O., Bondar, E., Zohar, N., Yakubovsky, O., Fainaru, O., Klausner, J. M., Pencovich, N. CD11b+Ly6G+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells promote liver regeneration in a murine model of major hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Nachmany
- The Surgical Division, Department of Surgery B, The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Cancer Research, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center-The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoel Bogoch
- The Surgical Division, Department of Surgery B, The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Cancer Research, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center-The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ayelet Sivan
- The Surgical Division, Department of Surgery B, The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Cancer Research, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center-The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Omer Amar
- The Surgical Division, Department of Surgery B, The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Cancer Research, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center-The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ekaterina Bondar
- The Surgical Division, Department of Surgery B, The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Cancer Research, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center-The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nitzan Zohar
- The Surgical Division, Department of Surgery B, The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Cancer Research, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center-The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Oran Yakubovsky
- The Surgical Division, Department of Surgery B, The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Cancer Research, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center-The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofer Fainaru
- In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Joseph M Klausner
- The Surgical Division, Department of Surgery B, The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Cancer Research, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center-The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Niv Pencovich
- The Surgical Division, Department of Surgery B, The Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Cancer Research, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center-The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Jin X, Zhang X, Li J, Yu W, Chen F. Activation of chicken macrophages during in vitro stimulation and expression of immune genes. Am J Vet Res 2019; 79:1306-1312. [PMID: 30457902 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.12.1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize activation and expression of immune genes of chicken macrophages after in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mouse erythrocytes. ANIMALS Five 15-day-old chickens and 2 BALB/c mice. PROCEDURES Macrophages were extracted from chicken bone marrow or peripheral blood and then stimulated with cytokines secreted from cell lines L929 and HD11. Stimulated chicken macrophages were further cocultured with LPS or mouse erythrocytes, and gene transcription of some distinctive cytokines was detected by use of a real-time PCR assay. RESULTS Morphological features and phagocytic function of macrophages were characterized. Activated macrophages had an elongated shape with a large cell nucleus, and they had phagocytic function. Distinctive genes encoding the surface marker gene CD11b were identified; high quantities of CD11b were transcribed. Relative transcription of chicken genes BF and BL in mature cells cocultured with both stimuli was lower than for control cells. However, the quantity of genes encoding M1- or M2-distinctive cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-10, IL-12, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-β) that were transcribed differed significantly between stimulation with LPS and mouse erythrocytes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Chicken macrophages were differentially stimulated by LPS and mouse erythrocytes, which suggested that in vitro stimulation can distinctly influence the transcription and expression of immune genes of chicken macrophages.
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Manco R, Leclercq IA, Clerbaux LA. Liver Regeneration: Different Sub-Populations of Parenchymal Cells at Play Choreographed by an Injury-Specific Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4115. [PMID: 30567401 PMCID: PMC6321497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration is crucial for the maintenance of liver functional mass during homeostasis and diseases. In a disease context-dependent manner, liver regeneration is contributed to by hepatocytes or progenitor cells. As long as they are replicatively competent, hepatocytes are the main cell type responsible for supporting liver size homeostasisand regeneration. The concept that all hepatocytes within the lobule have the same proliferative capacity but are differentially recruited according to the localization of the wound, or whether a yet to be defined sub-population of hepatocytes supports regeneration is still debated. In a chronically or severely injured liver, hepatocytes may enter a state of replicative senescence. In such conditions, small biliary cells activate and expand, a process called ductular reaction (DR). Work in the last few decades has demonstrated that DR cells can differentiate into hepatocytes and thereby contribute to parenchymal reconstitution. In this study we will review the molecular mechanisms supporting these two processes to determine potential targets that would be amenable for therapeutic manipulation to enhance liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Manco
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Isabelle A Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Laure-Alix Clerbaux
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Cook D, Achanta S, Hoek JB, Ogunnaike BA, Vadigepalli R. Cellular network modeling and single cell gene expression analysis reveals novel hepatic stellate cell phenotypes controlling liver regeneration dynamics. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2018; 12:86. [PMID: 30285726 PMCID: PMC6171157 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-018-0605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent results from single cell gene and protein regulation studies are starting to uncover the previously underappreciated fact that individual cells within a population exhibit high variability in the expression of mRNA and proteins (i.e., molecular variability). By combining cellular network modeling, and high-throughput gene expression measurements in single cells, we seek to reconcile the high molecular variability in single cells with the relatively low variability in tissue-scale gene and protein expression and the highly coordinated functional responses of tissues to physiological challenges. In this study, we focus on relating the dynamic changes in distributions of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) functional phenotypes to the tightly regulated physiological response of liver regeneration. Results We develop a mathematical model describing contributions of HSC functional phenotype populations to liver regeneration and test model predictions through isolation and transcriptional characterization of single HSCs. We identify and characterize four HSC transcriptional states contributing to liver regeneration, two of which are described for the first time in this work. We show that HSC state populations change in vivo in response to acute challenges (in this case, 70% partial hepatectomy) and chronic challenges (chronic ethanol consumption). Our results indicate that HSCs influence the dynamics of liver regeneration through steady-state tissue preconditioning prior to an acute insult and through dynamic control of cell state balances. Furthermore, our modeling approach provides a framework to understand how balances among cell states influence tissue dynamics. Conclusions Taken together, our combined modeling and experimental studies reveal novel HSC transcriptional states and indicate that baseline differences in HSC phenotypes as well as a dynamic balance of transitions between these phenotypes control liver regeneration responses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12918-018-0605-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cook
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sirisha Achanta
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Babatunde A Ogunnaike
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Melgar-Lesmes P, Luquero A, Parra-Robert M, Mora A, Ribera J, Edelman ER, Jiménez W. Graphene-Dendrimer Nanostars for Targeted Macrophage Overexpression of Metalloproteinase 9 and Hepatic Fibrosis Precision Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5839-5845. [PMID: 30096241 PMCID: PMC6377857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis contributes to ∼45% of all deaths in industrialized nations, but no direct antifibrotic therapeutic interventions exist to date. Graphene-based nanomaterials exhibit excellent versatility in electronics, and emerging trends exploit their properties for biomedical applications, especially for drug and gene delivery. We designed constructs of graphene nanostars linked to PAMAM-G5 dendrimer for the selective targeting and delivery of a plasmid expressing the collagenase metalloproteinase 9 under the CD11b promoter into inflammatory macrophages in cirrhotic livers. Graphene nanostars preferentially accumulated in inflammatory macrophages M1 in less than 3 h in a manner unaffected by covalent linkage to dendrimers. Dendrimer-graphene nanostars efficiently delivered the plasmid encoding for metalloproteinase 9 into macrophages, allowing the synthesis and secretion of the metalloproteinase to digest adjacent collagen fibers. In turn, metalloproteinase 9 overexpression promoted the macrophage switch from inflammatory M1 to pro-regenerative M2 in 3 days. This targeted gene therapy reduced selectively and locally the presence of collagen fibers in fibrotic tracts where inflammatory macrophages accumulated in cirrhotic mice without affecting the activation state of hepatic stellate cells. Overall, this treatment significantly reduced hepatic injury and improved liver restoration in mice with liver cirrhosis treated for 10 days. Graphene-dendrimer nanostars targeted the macrophage overexpression of metalloproteinase 9, selectively reducing hepatic fibrosis, and might be a good treatment for diseases associated with fibrosis and inflammatory macrophage accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Melgar-Lesmes
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 143 Casanova, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Clínic Universitari, IDIBAPS, 149 Rosselló, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aureli Luquero
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 143 Casanova, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Parra-Robert
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, 170 Villarroel, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Mora
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 143 Casanova, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ribera
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, 170 Villarroel, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elazer R. Edelman
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 143 Casanova, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, 170 Villarroel, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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45
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Lian M, Selmi C, Gershwin ME, Ma X. Myeloid Cells and Chronic Liver Disease: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 54:307-317. [PMID: 29313221 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells play a major role in the sensitization to liver injury, particularly in chronic inflammatory liver diseases with a biliary or hepatocellular origin, and the interplay between myeloid cells and the liver may explain the increased incidence of hepatic osteodystrophy. The myeloid cell-liver axis involves several mature myeloid cells as well as immature or progenitor cells with the complexity of the liver immune microenvironment aggravating the mist of cell differentiation. The unique positioning of the liver at the junction of the peripheral and portal circulation systems underlines the interaction of myeloid cells and hepatic cells and leads to immune tolerance breakdown. We herein discuss the scenarios of different chronic liver diseases closely modulated by myeloid cells and illustrate the numerous potential targets, the understanding of which will ultimately steer the development of solid immunotherapeutic regimens. Ultimately, we are convinced that an adequate modulation of the liver microenvironment to modify the functional and quantitative characteristics of myeloid cells will be a successful approach to treating chronic liver diseases of different etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
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46
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Song Z, Humar B, Gupta A, Maurizio E, Borgeaud N, Graf R, Clavien PA, Tian Y. Exogenous melatonin protects small-for-size liver grafts by promoting monocyte infiltration and releases interleukin-6. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12486. [PMID: 29505662 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Defective regeneration of small-for-size (SFS) liver remnants and partial grafts remains a key limiting factor in the application of liver surgery and transplantation. Exogenous melatonin (MLT) has protective effects on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), but its influence on graft regeneration is unknown. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of MLT in IRI and graft regeneration in settings of partial liver transplantation. We established three mouse models to study hepatic IRI and regeneration associated with partial liver transplantation: (I) IR+PH group: 60 minutes liver ischemia (IR) plus 2/3 hepatectomy (PH); (II) IR+exPH group: 60 minutes liver IR plus extended hepatectomy (exPH) associated with the SFS syndrome; (III) SFS-LT group: Arterialized 30% SFS liver transplant. Each group was divided into MLT or vehicle-treated subgroups. Hepatic injury, inflammatory signatures, liver regeneration, and animal survival rates were assessed. MLT reduced liver injury, enhanced liver regeneration, and promoted interleukin (IL) 6, IL10, and tumor necrosis factor-α release by infiltrating, inflammatory Ly6C+ F4/80+ monocytes in the IR+PH group. MLT-induced IL6 significantly improved hepatic microcirculation and survival in the IR+exPH model. In the SFS-LT group, MLT promoted graft regeneration and increased recipient survival along with increased IL6/GP130-STAT3 signaling. In IL6-/- mice, MLT failed to promote liver recovery, which could be restored through recombinant IL6. In the IR+exPH and SFS-LT groups, inhibition of the IL6 co-receptor GP130 through SC144 abolished the beneficial effects of MLT. MLT ameliorates SFS liver graft IRI and restores regeneration through monocyte-released IL6 and downstream IL6/GP130-STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolun Song
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bostjan Humar
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anurag Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Maurizio
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Borgeaud
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Graf
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Clavien
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yinghua Tian
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Center, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Meyer IS, Jungmann A, Dieterich C, Zhang M, Lasitschka F, Werkmeister S, Haas J, Müller OJ, Boutros M, Nahrendorf M, Katus HA, Hardt SE, Leuschner F. The cardiac microenvironment uses non-canonical WNT signaling to activate monocytes after myocardial infarction. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:1279-1293. [PMID: 28774883 PMCID: PMC5582413 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201707565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A disturbed inflammatory response following myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with poor prognosis and increased tissue damage. Monocytes are key players in healing after MI, but little is known about the role of the cardiac niche in monocyte activation. This study investigated microenvironment‐dependent changes in inflammatory monocytes after MI. RNA sequencing analysis of murine Ly6Chigh monocytes on day 3 after MI revealed differential regulation depending on location. Notably, the local environment strongly impacted components of the WNT signaling cascade. Analysis of WNT modulators revealed a strong upregulation of WNT Inhibitory Factor 1 (WIF1) in cardiomyocytes—but not fibroblasts or endothelial cells—upon hypoxia. Compared to wild‐type (WT) littermates, WIF1 knockout mice showed severe adverse remodeling marked by increased scar size and reduced ejection fraction 4 weeks after MI. While FACS analysis on day 1 after MI revealed no differences in neutrophil numbers, the hearts of WIF1 knockouts contained significantly more inflammatory monocytes than hearts from WT animals. Next, we induced AAV‐mediated cardiomyocyte‐specific WIF1 overexpression, which attenuated the monocyte response and improved cardiac function after MI, as compared to control‐AAV‐treated animals. Finally, WIF1 overexpression in isolated cardiomyocytes limited the activation of non‐canonical WNT signaling and led to reduced IL‐1β and IL‐6 expression in monocytes/macrophages. Taken together, we investigated the cardiac microenvironment's interaction with recruited monocytes after MI and identified a novel mechanism of monocyte activation. The local initiation of non‐canonical WNT signaling shifts the accumulating myeloid cells toward a pro‐inflammatory state and impacts healing after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Sören Meyer
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partnersite, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Jungmann
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partnersite, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susann Werkmeister
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Haas
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partnersite, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partnersite, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partnersite, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.,Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partnersite, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan E Hardt
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Leuschner
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partnersite, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
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48
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Moldobaeva A, Zhong Q, Eldridge L, Wagner EM. CD11b + interstitial macrophages are required for ischemia-induced lung angiogenesis. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13721. [PMID: 29894584 PMCID: PMC5997213 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of myeloid cells in promoting neovascularization has been shown in a number of pathological settings in several organs. However, the specific role of macrophages in promoting systemic angiogenesis during pulmonary ischemia is not fully determined. Our past work suggested that cells of monocytic lineage contributed to systemic angiogenesis in the lung since clodronate-induced depletion of all macrophages resulted in attenuated neovascularization. Our current goals were to define the population of macrophages important for systemic vessel growth into the lung after the onset of pulmonary ischemia in mice. Interstitial macrophages (CD64+ MerTK+ CD11b+ ) increased significantly as did the percent of CD45+ Ly6G+ neutrophils 1 day after the induction of left lung ischemia, despite the fact there was limited cell recruitment due to complete obstruction of the left pulmonary artery in this ischemia model. Since both interstitial macrophages and neutrophils express CD11b, we used CD11b+ DTR mice and showed the critical role for these cells since CD11b+ depleted mice showed no systemic angiogenesis 7 days after the onset of ischemia when compared to control mice. Coculture of mouse aortic endothelial cells with macrophages showed increased proliferation relative to endothelial cells in culture without inflammatory cells, or pulmonary artery endothelial cells. We conclude that CD11b+ leukocytes, trapped within the lung at the onset of ischemia, contribute to growth factor release, and are critical for new blood vessel proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigul Moldobaeva
- Departments of Medicine and Environmental Health SciencesJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Qiong Zhong
- Departments of Medicine and Environmental Health SciencesJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Lindsey Eldridge
- Departments of Medicine and Environmental Health SciencesJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Elizabeth M. Wagner
- Departments of Medicine and Environmental Health SciencesJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland
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49
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Shao Y, Zheng Q, Wang W, Xin N, Song X, Zhao C. Biological functions of macrophage-derived Wnt5a, and its roles in human diseases. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67674-67684. [PMID: 27608847 PMCID: PMC5341904 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt5a is implicated in development and tissue homeostasis by activating β-catenin-independent pathway. Excessive production of Wnt5a is related to some human diseases. Macrophage recruitment is a character of inflammation and cancer, therefore macrophage-derived Wnt5a is supposed to be a player in these conditions. Actually, macrophage-derived Wnt5a maintains macrophage immune function, stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and induces angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Furthermore, macrophage-derived Wnt5a is involved in insulin resistance, atherosclerosis and cancer. These findings indicate that macrophage-derived Wnt5a may be a target in the treatment of these diseases. Notably, unlike macrophages, the exact role of macrophage-derived Wnt5a in bacterial infection remains largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Xin
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowen Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenghai Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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50
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Angiogenesis in the Transplanted Donor Graft After Living-Donor Liver Transplantation. Transplantation 2017; 102:e26-e29. [PMID: 28991124 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no direct evidence for the role of angiogenesis in liver regeneration in humans. This study aimed to determine whether angiogenesis is involved in the regeneration of transplanted donor grafts in human living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and to examine the impact of donor graft volume on angiogenesis. METHODS Clinical data and liver tissue characteristics were analyzed in 4 patients who received adult-to-adult LDLT with dual left lobe grafts from 2 living donors. Liver tissues from transplanted donor grafts were obtained and immunohistochemically examined at 3 to 4 weeks after transplantation using the endothelial marker Ki67+ and CD31+. RESULTS All recipients showed recovery of normal liver function and a significant increase in the volume of engrafted left lobes after transplantation. Immunohistochemistry showed a remarkable increase in Ki67+ single hepatocyte proliferation, implying the role of hepatocytes in liver reconstitution, and a high density of blood vessels and proliferative endothelium, suggesting in vivo angiogenesis. Furthermore, we found that Ki67+ nuclei in CD31+ sinusoidal endothelial cells were higher in recipients with smaller donor grafts than in those with larger donor grafts. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that angiogenesis is involved in the regeneration of transplanted liver in humans in inverse proportion to the donor graft volume.
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