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Ye JJ, Bao P, Deng K, Dong X, He J, Xia Y, Wang Z, Liu X, Tang Y, Feng J, Zhang XZ. Engineering cancer cell membranes with endogenously upregulated HSP70 as a reinforced antigenic repertoire for the construction of material-free prophylactic cancer vaccines. Acta Biomater 2024; 174:386-399. [PMID: 38016511 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells distinguish cancer cells mainly relying on their membrane-membrane communication. The major challenge of cancer vaccines exists in difficult identification of cancer neoantigens and poor understanding over immune recognition mechanisms against cancer cells, particularly the combination among multiple antigens and the cooperation between antigens and immune-associated proteins. We exploit cancer cell membranes as the whole cancer antigen repertoire and reinforce its immunogenicity by cellular engineering to modulate the cytomembrane's immune-associated functions. This study reports a vaccine platform based on radiation-engineered cancer cells, of which the membrane HSP70 protein as the immune chaperon/traitor is endogenously upregulated. The resulting positive influences are shown to cover immunogenic steps occurring in antigen-presenting cells, including the uptake and the cross-presentation of the cancer antigens, thus amplifying cancer-specific immunogenicity. Membrane vaccines offer chances to introduce desired metal ions through membrane-metal complexation. Using Mn2+ ion as the costimulatory interferon genes agonist, immune activity is enhanced to further boost adaptive cancer immunogenicity. Results have evidenced that this artificially engineered membrane vaccine with favorable bio-safety could considerably reduce tumorigenicity and inhibit tumor growth. This study provides a universally applicable and facilely available cancer vaccine platform by artificial engineering of cancer cells to inherit and amplify the natural merits of cancer cell membranes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The major challenge of cancer vaccines exists in difficult identification of cancer neoantigens and poor understanding over immune recognition mechanisms against cancer cells, particularly the combination among multiple antigens and the cooperation between antigens and immune-associated proteins. Cancer cell membrane presents superior advantages as the whole cancer antigen repertoire, including the reported and the unidentified antigens, but its immunogenicity is far from satisfactory. Cellular engineering approaches offer chances to endogenously modulate the immune-associated functions of cell membranes. Such a reinforced vaccine based on the engineered cancer cell membranes matches better the natural immune recognition pathway than the conventional vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jie Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Peng Bao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Kai Deng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Xue Dong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Jinlian He
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Ying Tang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM) School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Jun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Elbahrawy A, Atalla H, Alboraie M, Alwassief A, Madian A, El Fayoumie M, Tabll AA, Aly HH. Recent Advances in Protective Vaccines against Hepatitis Viruses: A Narrative Review. Viruses 2023; 15:214. [PMID: 36680254 PMCID: PMC9862019 DOI: 10.3390/v15010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has been confirmed to be the safest and, sometimes, the only tool of defense against threats from infectious diseases. The successful history of vaccination is evident in the control of serious viral infections, such as smallpox and polio. Viruses that infect human livers are known as hepatitis viruses and are classified into five major types from A to E, alphabetically. Although infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) is known to be self-resolving after rest and symptomatic treatment, there were 7134 deaths from HAV worldwide in 2016. In 2019, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) resulted in an estimated 820,000 and 290,000 deaths, respectively. Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite virus that depends on HBV for producing its infectious particles in order to spread. The combination of HDV and HBV infection is considered the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is another orally transmitted virus, common in low- and middle-income countries. In 2015, it caused 44,000 deaths worldwide. Safe and effective vaccines are already available to prevent hepatitis A and B. Here, we review the recent advances in protective vaccines against the five major hepatitis viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Elbahrawy
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Hassan Atalla
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Alboraie
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Alwassief
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, P.O. Box 50, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Ali Madian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohammed El Fayoumie
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A. Tabll
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo 11517, Egypt
| | - Hussein H. Aly
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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Flores JE, Thompson AJ, Ryan M, Howell J. The Global Impact of Hepatitis B Vaccination on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:793. [PMID: 35632549 PMCID: PMC9144632 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 1.5 million preventable new hepatitis B infections continue to occur each year and there are an estimated 296 million people living with chronic hepatitis B infection worldwide, resulting in more than 820,000 deaths annually due to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis B vaccination remains the cornerstone of public health policy to prevent HCC and a vital component of the global hepatitis B elimination response. The WHO has set a 90% vaccination target to achieve hepatitis B elimination by 2030; however, there is wide variability in reported birth dose coverage, with global coverage at only 42%. In this review, we outline the global trends in hepatitis B vaccination coverage and the impact of hepatitis B vaccination on HCC incidence and discuss the challenges and enabling factors for achieving WHO 2030 hepatitis B vaccination coverage targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Ericka Flores
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (A.J.T.); (M.R.); (J.H.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alexander J. Thompson
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (A.J.T.); (M.R.); (J.H.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Marno Ryan
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (A.J.T.); (M.R.); (J.H.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jessica Howell
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (A.J.T.); (M.R.); (J.H.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Zhang C, Ye Z, Zhang Z, Zheng J, Tang Y, Hou E, Huang Z, Meng L. A comprehensive evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk in Asian populations: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Gene 2020; 735:144365. [PMID: 31935498 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been inconsistently associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize relevant data on SNPs associated with HCC in the Asian population. METHODS Databases were searched to identify association studies of SNPs and HCC in Asians published through January 2019. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated based on 41 studies (13,167 patients with HCC and 15,886 noncancer controls). Network meta-analysis and Thakkinstian's algorithm were used to select the most appropriate genetic model, along with false positive report probability (FPRP) for noteworthy associations. RESULTS Eleven SNPs meeting the inclusion criteria were tested for association with HCC, including CCND1 rs9344, PTGS2 rs689466, IL18 rs187238 and rs1946518, KIF1B rs17401966, MDM2 rs2279744, MIR146A rs2910164, MIR149 rs2292832, MIR196A2 rs11614913, MIR499A rs3746444, and TGFB1 rs1800469. A significant increase for HCC risk was observed for MDM2 rs2279744, and the dominant (pooled OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.26-2.00) and codominant (pooled OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.18-1.60) models were determined to be the most appropriate models. MIR499A rs3746444 also showed a significant association with HCC risk under the allele contrast model (pooled OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.05-1.77). Only the significance of MDM2 rs2279744 was noteworthy (FPRP < 0.2). CONCLUSIONS MDM2 rs2279744 is associated with HCC susceptibility in Asians, and the dominant and codominant models are likely the most appropriate models to estimate HCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhuomiao Ye
- Ruikang Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Ziting Zhang
- Ruikang Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinghui Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruikang Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China.
| | - Youming Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China.
| | - Encun Hou
- Department of Oncology, Ruikang Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhihan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daxin County Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Chongzuo 532399, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Meng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fangchenggang Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Fangchenggang 538021, Guangxi, China
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Robotin MC, Masgoret X, Porwal M, Goldsbury D, Khoo C, George J. Using a chronic hepatitis B Registry to support population-level liver cancer prevention in Sydney, Australia. Clin Epidemiol 2018; 10:41-49. [PMID: 29339926 PMCID: PMC5745153 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s146275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 1% of Australians have chronic hepatitis B (CHB), which disproportionately affects people born in hepatitis B-endemic countries. Currently, approximately half of the people affected remain undiagnosed and antiviral treatment uptake is suboptimal (~5%). This increases the likelihood of developing end-stage disease complications, particularly hepatocellular cancer (HCC), and largely accounts for the significant increases in HCC incidence and mortality in Australia over the last decades. As our previous economic modeling suggested that CHB screening and treatment is cost-effective, we tested the feasibility of a primary care-based model of CHB diagnosis and management to prevent HCC. Materials and methods From 2009 to 2016, the B Positive program trialed a CHB screening and management program in an area of high disease prevalence in Sydney, Australia. Trained local primary care providers (general practitioners) screened and managed their CHB patients using a purpose-built CHB Registry and a risk stratification algorithm, which allocated patients to ongoing primary care-based management or specialist referral. Results The program enrolled and followed up >1,500 people (25% of the target population). Their median age was 48 years, with most participants being born in China (50%) or Vietnam (32%). The risk stratification algorithm allocated most Registry participants (n=847 or 79%) to primary care-based management, reducing unnecessary specialist referrals. The level of antiviral treatment uptake in Registry patients was 18%, which was the optimal level in this population group. Conclusion This pilot program demonstrated that primary care-based hepatitis B diagnosis and management is acceptable to patients and their care providers and significantly increases compliance with treatment guidelines. This would suggest that scaling up access to hepatitis B treatment is achievable and can provide a means to operationalize a population-level approach to CHB management and liver cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica C Robotin
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Darlinghurst.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown.,Storr Liver Center, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead
| | - Ximena Masgoret
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Darlinghurst
| | - Mamta Porwal
- Australian School of Graduate Management, University of New South Wales, Kensington
| | | | - Chee Khoo
- Royal Australasian College of General Practitioners, Sydney.,University of Western Sydney, Macarthur, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown.,Storr Liver Center, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead
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