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Filatov V, Sokolova A, Savitskaya N, Olkhovskaya M, Varava A, Ilin E, Patronova E. Synergetic Effects of Aloe Vera Extract with Trimethylglycine for Targeted Aquaporin 3 Regulation and Long-Term Skin Hydration. Molecules 2024; 29:1540. [PMID: 38611819 PMCID: PMC11013907 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 3 (AQP3) channels are tetrameric membrane-bound channels that facilitate the transport of water and other small solutes across cell membranes in the skin. Decreased AQP3 expression is associated with skin dryness, skin aging, psoriasis, and delayed wound healing. Thus, our study focused on a novel combination based on Aloe barbadensis leaf extract and trimethylglycine for targeted AQP3 regulation in skin keratinocytes and deep skin moisturization. Firstly, a dose-finding cytotoxicity assay of the selected substances was performed with a 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) indicator on HaCaT cells. The substances' ability to increase the amount of AQP3 in keratinocytes was evaluated in a keratinocyte cell culture by means of ELISA. Additionally, the deep skin hydration effect was confirmed in clinical research with healthy volunteers. According to the results, the maximum tolerated doses providing viability at 70% (MTDs) values for Aloe barbadensis leaf extract and trimethylglycine were 24.50% and 39.00%, respectively. Following the research and development, a complex based on Aloe barbadensis leaf extract and trimethylglycine in a 1:1 mass ratio exhibited a good cytotoxicity profile, with an MTDs value of 37.90%. Furthermore, it was shown that the combination had a clear synergetic effect and significantly increased AQP3 by up to 380% compared to the negative control and glyceryl glucoside (p < 0.001). It was clinically confirmed that the developed shower gel containing Aloe barbadensis leaf extract and trimethylglycine safely improved skin hydration after one use and over 28 days. Thus, this novel plant-based combination has promising potential for AQP3 regulation in the skin epidermis and a role in the development of dermatological drugs for the treatment of skin xerosis and atopic-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Filatov
- Science Center, SkyLab AG, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland (N.S.); (E.P.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Organization of Pharmaceutical Business, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anna Sokolova
- Science Center, SkyLab AG, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland (N.S.); (E.P.)
| | | | | | - Andrey Varava
- Science Center, SkyLab AG, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland (N.S.); (E.P.)
| | - Egor Ilin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Tang J, Li Y, Hu X, Hua W, Xu H, Li L, Xu F. Enhancing Tranexamic Acid Penetration through AQP-3 Protein Triggering via ZIF-8 Encapsulation for Melasma and Rosacea Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304189. [PMID: 38539056 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The systemic use of tranexamic acid (TA) as an oral drug can bring adverse reactions, while intradermal injection leads to pain and a risk of infection. Moreover, it is difficult for highly hydrophilic TA to penetrate the skin barrier that contains lots of hydrophobic lipid compounds, which poses enormous restrictions on its topical application. Current transdermal TA delivery strategies are suffering from low drug load rates, plus their synthesis complexity, time-consumption, etc. adding to the difficulty of TA topical application in clinical therapeutics. To increase the penetration of TA, a novel approach using TA-loaded ZIF-8 (TA@ZIF-8) is developed. The encapsulation efficiency of TA@ZIF-8 reaches ≈25% through physical adsorption and chemical bonding of TA indicates by theoretical simulation and the improved TA penetration is elevated through activating the aquaporin-3 (AQP-3) protein. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate the preponderance of TA@ZIF-8 for penetration ability and the advantages in intracellular uptake, minor cytotoxicity, and inhibition of melanogenesis and inflammatory factors. Moreover, clinical trials demonstrate the safety and efficacy of TA@ZIF-8 in the treatment of melasma and rosacea. This work presents a potential topical application of TA, free from the safety concerns associated with systemic drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haoning Xu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Li Li
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fujian Xu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610225, China
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Petrova RS, Francis N, Schey KL, Donaldson PJ. Verification of the gene and protein expression of the aquaglyceroporin AQP3 in the mammalian lens. Exp Eye Res 2024; 240:109828. [PMID: 38354944 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Transport of water is critical for maintaining the transparency of the avascular lens, and the lens is known to express at least five distinctly different water channels from the Aquaporin (AQP) family of proteins. In this study we report on the identification of a sixth lens AQP, AQP3 an aquaglyceroporin, which in addition to water also transports glycerol and H2O2. AQP3 was identified at the transcript level and protein levels using RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively, in the mouse, rat, bovine and human lens, showing that its expression is conserved in the mammalian lens. Western blotting showed AQP3 in the lens exists as 25 kDa non-glycosylated and 37 kDa glycosylated monomeric forms in all lens species. To identify the regions in the lens where AQP3 is expressed Western blotting was repeated using epithelial, outer cortical and inner cortical/core fractions isolated from the mouse lens. AQP3 was found in all lens regions, with the highest signal of non-glycosylated AQP3 being found in the epithelium. While in the inner cortex/core region AQP3 signal was not only lower but was predominately from the glycosylated form of AQP3. Immunolabelling of lens sections with AQP3 antibodies confirmed that AQP3 is found in all regions of the adult mouse, and also revealed that the subcellular distribution of AQP3 changes as a function of fiber cell differentiation. In epithelial and peripheral fiber cells of the outer cortex AQP3 labelling was predominately associated with membrane vesicles in the cytoplasm, but in the deeper regions of the lens AQP3 labelling was associated with the plasma membranes of fiber cells located in the inner cortex and core of the lens. To determine how this adult pattern of AQP3 subcellular distribution was established, immunolabelling for AQP3 was performed on embryonic and postnatal lenses. AQP3 expression was first detected on embryonic day (E) 11 in the membranes of primary fiber cells that have started to elongate and fill the lumen of the lens vesicle, while later at E16 the AQP3 labelling in the primary fiber cells had shifted to a predominately cytoplasmic location. In the following postnatal (P) stages of lens growth at P3 and P6, AQP3 labelling remained cytoplasmic across all regions of the lens and it was not until P15 when the pattern of localisation of AQP3 changed to an adult distribution with cytoplasmic labelling detected in the outer cortex and membrane localisation detected in the inner cortex and core of the lens. Comparison of the AQP3 labelling pattern to those obtained previously for AQP0 and AQP5 showed that the subcellular distribution was more similar to AQP5 than AQP0, but there were still significant differences that suggest AQP3 may have unique roles in the maintenance of lens transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosica S Petrova
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Nishanth Francis
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Centre, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 37232, TN, USA
| | - Paul J Donaldson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Melnik BC. Acne Transcriptomics: Fundamentals of Acne Pathogenesis and Isotretinoin Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:2600. [PMID: 37998335 PMCID: PMC10670572 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This review on acne transcriptomics allows for deeper insights into the pathogenesis of acne and isotretinoin's mode of action. Puberty-induced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin and androgen signaling activate the kinase AKT and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). A Western diet (hyperglycemic carbohydrates and milk/dairy products) also co-stimulates AKT/mTORC1 signaling. The AKT-mediated phosphorylation of nuclear FoxO1 and FoxO3 results in their extrusion into the cytoplasm, a critical switch which enhances the transactivation of lipogenic and proinflammatory transcription factors, including androgen receptor (AR), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), but reduces the FoxO1-dependent expression of GATA binding protein 6 (GATA6), the key transcription factor for infundibular keratinocyte homeostasis. The AKT-mediated phosphorylation of the p53-binding protein MDM2 promotes the degradation of p53. In contrast, isotretinoin enhances the expression of p53, FoxO1 and FoxO3 in the sebaceous glands of acne patients. The overexpression of these proapoptotic transcription factors explains isotretinoin's desirable sebum-suppressive effect via the induction of sebocyte apoptosis and the depletion of BLIMP1(+) sebocyte progenitor cells; it also explains its adverse effects, including teratogenicity (neural crest cell apoptosis), a reduced ovarian reserve (granulosa cell apoptosis), the risk of depression (the apoptosis of hypothalamic neurons), VLDL hyperlipidemia, intracranial hypertension and dry skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
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Romhányi D, Szabó K, Kemény L, Groma G. Histone and Histone Acetylation-Related Alterations of Gene Expression in Uninvolved Psoriatic Skin and Their Effects on Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, and Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14551. [PMID: 37833997 PMCID: PMC10572426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disease in which the symptom-free, uninvolved skin carries alterations in gene expression, serving as a basis for lesion formation. Histones and histone acetylation-related processes are key regulators of gene expression, controlling cell proliferation and immune responses. Dysregulation of these processes is likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. To gain a complete overview of these potential alterations, we performed a meta-analysis of a psoriatic uninvolved skin dataset containing differentially expressed transcripts from nearly 300 individuals and screened for histones and histone acetylation-related molecules. We identified altered expression of the replication-dependent histones HIST2H2AA3 and HIST2H4A and the replication-independent histones H2AFY, H2AFZ, and H3F3A/B. Eight histone chaperones were also identified. Among the histone acetyltransferases, ELP3 and KAT5 and members of the ATAC, NSL, and SAGA acetyltransferase complexes are affected in uninvolved skin. Histone deacetylation-related alterations were found to affect eight HDACs and members of the NCOR/SMRT, NURD, SIN3, and SHIP HDAC complexes. In this article, we discuss how histone and histone acetylation-related expression changes may affect proliferation and differentiation, as well as innate, macrophage-mediated, and T cell-mediated pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, which are known to play a central role in the development of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Romhányi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.R.); (K.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Kornélia Szabó
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.R.); (K.S.); (L.K.)
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine-University of Szeged Skin Research Group (HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group), H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.R.); (K.S.); (L.K.)
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine-University of Szeged Skin Research Group (HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group), H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Groma
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.R.); (K.S.); (L.K.)
- HUN-REN-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Agamia NF, El Mulla KF, Alsayed NM, Ghazala RM, El Maksoud REA, Abdelmeniem IM, Talaat IM, Zaki II, Sabah RM, Melnik BC. Isotretinoin treatment upregulates the expression of p53 in the skin and sebaceous glands of patients with acne vulgaris. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:1355-1365. [PMID: 36585988 PMCID: PMC10205870 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptomic regulation induced by isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid) is still a matter of debate as short-term exposures of immortalized sebocytes with isotretinoin produced conflicting results. Based on translational evidence, it has been hypothesized that oral isotretinoin treatment upregulates the expression of the transcription factor p53. Twenty-five patients suffering from acne vulgaris were treated with isotretinoin (0.6 mg/kg body weight) for 6 weeks. Biopsies from back skin were taken before and after isotretinoin treatment for the determination of p53 expression by immunohistochemical staining, quantification of p53 protein concentration by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and TP53 gene expression by quantitative reverse transcription real time PCR. Fifteen socio-demographically cross-matched healthy volunteers served as controls. Isotretinoin treatment significantly increased the nuclear expression of p53 in sebaceous glands of treated patients compared to pre-treatment levels and p53 levels of untreated controls. Furthermore, the p53 protein and gene expression significantly increased in the skin after treatment. The magnitude of p53 expression showed an inverse correlation to acne severity score and body mass index. Under clinical conditions, isotretinoin induced the expression of p53, which controls multiple transcription factors involved in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris including FoxO1, androgen receptor and critical genes involved in the induction of autophagy and apoptosis. Increased p53-FoxO1 signalling enhanced by systemic isotretinoin treatment explains the underlying transcriptomic changes causing sebum suppression but also the adverse effects associated with systemic isotretinoin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa Fathi Agamia
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Khalid Fawzi El Mulla
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Mohamed Alsayed
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rasha Mohamed Ghazala
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Iman Mohamed Abdelmeniem
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Iman Mamdouh Talaat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Inass Ibrahim Zaki
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rana Mohamed Sabah
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bodo Clemens Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
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Bhend ME, Kempuraj D, Sinha NR, Gupta S, Mohan RR. Role of aquaporins in corneal healing post chemical injury. Exp Eye Res 2023; 228:109390. [PMID: 36696947 PMCID: PMC9975064 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane water channel proteins that regulate the movement of water through the plasma membrane in various tissues including cornea. The cornea is avascular and has specialized microcirculatory mechanisms for homeostasis. AQPs regulate corneal hydration and transparency for normal vision. Currently, there are 13 known isoforms of AQPs that can be subclassified as orthodox AQPs, aquaglyceroporins (AQGPs), or supraquaporins (SAQPs)/unorthodox AQPs. AQPs are implicated in keratocyte function, inflammation, edema, angiogenesis, microvessel proliferation, and the wound-healing process in the cornea. AQPs play an important role in wound healing by facilitating the movement of corneal stromal keratocytes by squeezing through tight stromal matrix and narrow extracellular spaces to the wound site. Deficiency of AQPs can cause reduced concentration of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) leading to reduced epithelial proliferation, reduced/impaired keratocyte migration, reduced number of keratocytes in the injury site, delayed and abnormal wound healing process. Dysregulated AQPs cause dysfunction in osmolar homeostasis as well as wound healing mechanisms. The cornea is a transparent avascular tissue that constitutes the anterior aspect of the outer covering of the eye and aids in two-thirds of visual light refraction. Being the outermost layer of the eye, the cornea is prone to injury. Of the 13 AQP isoforms, AQP1 is expressed in the stromal keratocytes and endothelial cells, and AQP3 and AQP5 are expressed in epithelial cells in the human cornea. AQPs can facilitate wound healing through aid in cellular migration, proliferation, migration, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and autophagy mechanism. Corneal wound healing post-chemical injury requires an integrative and coordinated activity of the epithelium, stromal keratocytes, endothelium, ECM, and a battery of cytokines and growth factors to restore corneal transparency. If the chemical injury is mild, the cornea will heal with normal clarity, but severe injuries can lead to partial and/or permanent loss of corneal functions. Currently, the role of AQPs in corneal wound healing is poorly understood in the context of chemical injury. This review discusses the current literature and the role of AQPs in corneal homeostasis, wound repair, and potential therapeutic target for acute and chronic corneal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline E Bhend
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Nishant R Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Suneel Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Advanced Glycation End Products and Activation of Toll-like Receptor-2 and -4 Induced Changes in Aquaporin-3 Expression in Mouse Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021376. [PMID: 36674890 PMCID: PMC9864132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged inflammation and impaired re-epithelization are major contributing factors to chronic non-healing diabetic wounds; diabetes is also characterized by xerosis. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and the activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs), can trigger inflammatory responses. Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) plays essential roles in keratinocyte function and skin wound re-epithelialization/re-generation and hydration. Suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, mimics the increased acetylation observed in diabetes. We investigated the effects of TLR2/TLR4 activators and AGEs on keratinocyte AQP3 expression in the presence and absence of SAHA. Primary mouse keratinocytes were treated with or without TLR2 agonist Pam3Cys-Ser-(Lys)4 (PAM), TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or AGEs, with or without SAHA. We found that (1) PAM and LPS significantly upregulated AQP3 protein basally (without SAHA) and PAM downregulated AQP3 protein with SAHA; and (2) AGEs (100 µg/mL) increased AQP3 protein expression basally and decreased AQP3 levels with SAHA. PAM and AGEs produced similar changes in AQP3 expression, suggesting a common pathway or potential crosstalk between TLR2 and AGEs signaling. Our findings suggest that TLR2 activation and AGEs may be beneficial for wound healing and skin hydration under normal conditions via AQP3 upregulation, but that these pathways are likely deleterious in diabetes chronically through decreased AQP3 expression.
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9
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Nicolas-Espinosa J, Yepes-Molina L, Carvajal M. Bioactive peptides from broccoli stems strongly enhance regenerative keratinocytes by stimulating controlled proliferation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:235-246. [PMID: 35086428 PMCID: PMC8797740 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.2009522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT As the interest on the research of plant derived bioactive peptides (BPs) for nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and medical applications is increasing, in this work, the application of peptide derived from broccoli to keratinocytes was studied. OBJECTIVE We focussed on the characterization of different peptides hydrolysates from broccoli stems [extracted from total protein (E) and from membrane protein (MF)], and their activity when applied to human keratinocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peptide mixtures from broccoli stems (E and MF) were characterized by proteomics. They were applied to HaCaT cells in order to study cytotoxicity in a concentration range between 20 and 0.15625 µg of protein/mL and wound healing was studied after 24 and 48 h of treatment application. Also, proteomic and gene expression of keratinocytes were analysed. RESULTS Depending on the source, proteins varied in peptide and amino acid composition. An increased proliferation of keratinocytes was shown after the application of the E peptides mixtures, reaching 190% with the lowest concentrations, but enhanced wound healing repair with E and MF appeared, reaching 59% of wound closure after 48 h. At the gene expression and protein levels of keratinocytes, the upregulation of anti-oncogene p53 and keratinization factors were observed. DISCUSSION These results suggest that peptide mixtures obtained from broccoli augmented cell proliferation and prevented the carcinogenic, uncontrolled growth of the cells, with different mechanisms depending on the protein source. CONCLUSIONS The results encourage the opening of new lines of research involving the use of Brassica peptides for pharmaceutic or cosmetic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Nicolas-Espinosa
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucía Yepes-Molina
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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10
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Tricarico PM, Mentino D, De Marco A, Del Vecchio C, Garra S, Cazzato G, Foti C, Crovella S, Calamita G. Aquaporins Are One of the Critical Factors in the Disruption of the Skin Barrier in Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4020. [PMID: 35409378 PMCID: PMC8999368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the human body, serving as an effective mechanical barrier between the internal milieu and the external environment. The skin is widely considered the first-line defence of the body, with an essential function in rejecting pathogens and preventing mechanical, chemical, and physical damages. Keratinocytes are the predominant cells of the outer skin layer, the epidermis, which acts as a mechanical and water-permeability barrier. The epidermis is a permanently renewed tissue where undifferentiated keratinocytes located at the basal layer proliferate and migrate to the overlying layers. During this migration process, keratinocytes undertake a differentiation program known as keratinization process. Dysregulation of this differentiation process can result in a series of skin disorders. In this context, aquaporins (AQPs), a family of membrane channel proteins allowing the movement of water and small neutral solutes, are emerging as important players in skin physiology and skin diseases. Here, we review the role of AQPs in skin keratinization, hydration, keratinocytes proliferation, water retention, barrier repair, wound healing, and immune response activation. We also discuss the dysregulated involvement of AQPs in some common inflammatory dermatological diseases characterised by skin barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Maura Tricarico
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Donatella Mentino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Aurora De Marco
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Del Vecchio
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sabino Garra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Gerardo Cazzato
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Caterina Foti
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Qatar, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.M.); (S.G.)
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11
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Pimpão C, Wragg D, da Silva IV, Casini A, Soveral G. Aquaglyceroporin Modulators as Emergent Pharmacological Molecules for Human Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:845237. [PMID: 35187089 PMCID: PMC8850838 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.845237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaglyceroporins, a sub-class of aquaporins that facilitate the diffusion of water, glycerol and other small uncharged solutes across cell membranes, have been recognized for their important role in human physiology and their involvement in multiple disorders, mostly related to disturbed energy homeostasis. Aquaglyceroporins dysfunction in a variety of pathological conditions highlighted their targeting as novel therapeutic strategies, boosting the search for potent and selective modulators with pharmacological properties. The identification of selective inhibitors with potential clinical applications has been challenging, relying on accurate assays to measure membrane glycerol permeability and validate effective functional blockers. Additionally, biologicals such as hormones and natural compounds have been revealed as alternative strategies to modulate aquaglyceroporins via their gene and protein expression. This review summarizes the current knowledge of aquaglyceroporins’ involvement in several pathologies and the experimental approaches used to evaluate glycerol permeability and aquaglyceroporin modulation. In addition, we provide an update on aquaglyceroporins modulators reported to impact disease, unveiling aquaglyceroporin pharmacological targeting as a promising approach for innovative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Pimpão
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Darren Wragg
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Inês V. da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Angela Casini, ; Graça Soveral,
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Angela Casini, ; Graça Soveral,
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12
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Samuelov L, Bochner R, Magal L, Malovitski K, Sagiv N, Nousbeck J, Keren A, Fuchs-Telem D, Sarig O, Gilhar A, Sprecher E. Vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, as a potential novel treatment for psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:567-576. [PMID: 34787924 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is characterized by aberrant activation of several pro-inflammatory circuits as well as abnormal hyperproliferation and dysregulated apoptosis of keratinocytes (KCs). Most currently available therapeutic options primarily target psoriasis-associated immunological defects rather than epidermal abnormalities. OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, Vorinostat, in targeting hyperproliferation and impaired apoptosis in psoriatic skin. METHODS Vorinostat effect was investigated in primary KCs cell cultures using cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry, apoptosis assays (Annexin V-FICH and caspase-3/7) and antibody arrays, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Vorinostat impact on clinical manifestations of psoriasis was investigated in a chimeric mouse model. RESULTS Vorinostat was found to inhibit KCs proliferation and to induce their differentiation and apoptosis. Using a chimeric mouse model, vorinostat was found to result in marked attenuation of a psoriasiform phenotype with a significant decrease in epidermal thickness and inhibition of epidermal proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the notion that vorinostat, a prototypic HDAC inhibitor, may be of potential use in the treatment of psoriasis and other hyperproliferative skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Samuelov
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ron Bochner
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lee Magal
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Kiril Malovitski
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nadav Sagiv
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Janna Nousbeck
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Aviad Keren
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dana Fuchs-Telem
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofer Sarig
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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13
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Bergamaschi D. Autophagy protects from photoageing in skin fibroblasts. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:211-212. [PMID: 34780065 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Bergamaschi
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
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14
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Adhikari N, Jha T, Ghosh B. Dissecting Histone Deacetylase 3 in Multiple Disease Conditions: Selective Inhibition as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8827-8869. [PMID: 34161101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins has been implicated in several disease states. Modulation of such epigenetic modifications has therefore made histone deacetylases (HDACs) important drug targets. HDAC3, among various class I HDACs, has been signified as a potentially validated target in multiple diseases, namely, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disorders, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, parasitic infections, and HIV. However, only a handful of HDAC3-selective inhibitors have been reported in spite of continuous efforts in design and development of HDAC3-selective inhibitors. In this Perspective, the roles of HDAC3 in various diseases as well as numerous potent and HDAC3-selective inhibitors have been discussed in detail. It will surely open up a new vista in the discovery of newer, more effective, and more selective HDAC3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Adhikari
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, P.O. Box 17020, Kolkata, 700032 West Bengal, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, P.O. Box 17020, Kolkata, 700032 West Bengal, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
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15
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da Silva IV, Silva AG, Pimpão C, Soveral G. Skin aquaporins as druggable targets: Promoting health by addressing the disease. Biochimie 2021; 188:35-44. [PMID: 34097985 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin is the most vulnerable organ of the human body since it is the first line of defense, covering the entire external body surface. Additionally, skin has a critical role in thermoregulation, sensation, immunological surveillance, and biochemical processes such as Vitamin D3 production by ultraviolet irradiation. The ability of the skin layers and resident cells to maintain skin physiology, such as hydration, regulation of keratinocytes proliferation and differentiation and wound healing, is supported by key proteins such as aquaporins (AQPs) that facilitate the movements of water and small neutral solutes across membranes. Various AQP isoforms have been detected in different skin-resident cells where they perform specific roles, and their dysregulation has been associated with several skin pathologies. This review summarizes the current knowledge of AQPs involvement in skin physiology and pathology, highlighting their potential as druggable targets for the treatment of skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês V da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Andreia G Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pimpão
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
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16
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Yi JZ, McGee JS. Epigenetic-modifying therapies: An emerging avenue for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1167-1176. [PMID: 33752257 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modification and the action of microRNAs. These mechanisms coordinate in complex networks to control gene expression, thereby regulating key physiological processes in the skin and immune system. Recently, researchers have turned to the epigenome to understand the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. In psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, epigenetic modifications contribute to key pathogenic events such as immune activation, T-cell polarization and keratinocyte dysfunction. These discoveries have introduced new possibilities for the treatment of skin diseases; unlike genetics, epigenetic alterations are readily modifiable and potentially reversible. In this viewpoint essay, we summarize the current state of epigenetic research in inflammatory skin diseases and propose that targeting the histone machinery is a promising avenue for the development of new therapies for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Expanding on the progress that has already been made in the field of cancer epigenetics, we discuss existing epigenetic-modifying tools that can be applied to the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases and consider future directions for investigation in order to allow for the widespread clinical application of such therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Z Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean S McGee
- Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Carvalho AL, Hedrich CM. The Molecular Pathophysiology of Psoriatic Arthritis-The Complex Interplay Between Genetic Predisposition, Epigenetics Factors, and the Microbiome. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:662047. [PMID: 33869291 PMCID: PMC8047476 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.662047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a symmetric autoimmune/inflammatory disease that primarily affects the skin. In a significant proportion of cases, it is accompanied by arthritis that can affect any joint, the spine, and/or include enthesitis. Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are multifactor disorders characterized by aberrant immune responses in genetically susceptible individuals in the presence of additional (environmental) factors, including changes in microbiota and/or epigenetic marks. Epigenetic changes can be heritable or acquired (e.g., through changes in diet/microbiota or as a response to therapeutics) and, together with genetic factors, contribute to disease expression. In psoriasis, epigenetic alterations are mainly related to cell proliferation, cytokine signaling and microbial tolerance. Understanding the complex interplay between heritable and acquired pathomechanistic factors contributing to the development and maintenance of psoriasis is crucial for the identification and validation of diagnostic and predictive biomarkers, and the introduction of individualized effective and tolerable new treatments. This review summarizes the current understanding of immune activation, genetic, and environmental factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis. Particular focus is on the interactions between these factors to propose a multifactorial disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Carvalho
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christian M Hedrich
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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18
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Wang J, Sui J, Mao C, Li X, Chen X, Liang C, Wang X, Wang SH, Jia C. Identification of Key Pathways and Genes Related to the Development of Hair Follicle Cycle in Cashmere Goats. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020180. [PMID: 33513983 PMCID: PMC7911279 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of hair follicle in cashmere goats shows significant periodic change, as with mice and humans. However, for cashmere goat with double-coat, the periodic change may be due to other regulatory molecules and signal pathways. To understand the mechanism of periodic development of hair follicle, we performed a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to mine key genes and establish an interaction network by utilizing the NCBI public dataset. Ten coexpression modules, including 7689 protein-coding genes, were constructed by WGCNA, six of which are considered to be significantly related to the development of the hair follicle cycle. A functional enrichment analysis for each model showed that they are closely related to ECM- receptor interaction, focal adhesion, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, and so on. Combined with the analysis of differential expressed genes, 12 hub genes from coexpression modules were selected as candidate markers, i.e., COL1A1, C1QTNF6, COL1A2, AQP3, KRTAP3-1, KRTAP11-1, FA2H, NDUFS5, DERL2, MRPL14, ANTKMT and XAB2, which might be applied to improve cashmere production.
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19
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Szigety KM, Liu F, Yuan CY, Moran DJ, Horrell J, Gochnauer HR, Cohen RN, Katz JP, Kaestner KH, Seykora JT, Tobias JW, Lazar MA, Xu M, Millar SE. HDAC3 ensures stepwise epidermal stratification via NCoR/SMRT-reliant mechanisms independent of its histone deacetylase activity. Genes Dev 2020; 34:973-988. [PMID: 32467224 PMCID: PMC7328513 DOI: 10.1101/gad.333674.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Here, Szigety et al. investigated the function of histone deacetylases in epidermal development, and they found that HDAC3 operates in conjunction with KLF4 to repress inappropriate expression of Tgm1, Krt16, and Aqp3, and suppresses expression of inflammatory cytokines through a Rela-dependent mechanism. Their data identify HDAC3 as a hub coordinating multiple aspects of epidermal barrier acquisition. Chromatin modifiers play critical roles in epidermal development, but the functions of histone deacetylases in this context are poorly understood. The class I HDAC, HDAC3, is of particular interest because it plays divergent roles in different tissues by partnering with tissue-specific transcription factors. We found that HDAC3 is expressed broadly in embryonic epidermis and is required for its orderly stepwise stratification. HDAC3 protein stability in vivo relies on NCoR and SMRT, which function redundantly in epidermal development. However, point mutations in the NCoR and SMRT deacetylase-activating domains, which are required for HDAC3's enzymatic function, permit normal stratification, indicating that HDAC3's roles in this context are largely independent of its histone deacetylase activity. HDAC3-bound sites are significantly enriched for predicted binding motifs for critical epidermal transcription factors including AP1, GRHL, and KLF family members. Our results suggest that among these, HDAC3 operates in conjunction with KLF4 to repress inappropriate expression of Tgm1, Krt16, and Aqp3. In parallel, HDAC3 suppresses expression of inflammatory cytokines through a Rela-dependent mechanism. These data identify HDAC3 as a hub coordinating multiple aspects of epidermal barrier acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Szigety
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Chase Y Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Deborah J Moran
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jeremy Horrell
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Heather R Gochnauer
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ronald N Cohen
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jonathan P Katz
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - John T Seykora
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - John W Tobias
- Penn Genomic Analysis Core, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mingang Xu
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
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20
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Wang X, Yang J, Yao Y, Shi X, Yang G, Li X. AQP3 Facilitates Proliferation and Adipogenic Differentiation of Porcine Intramuscular Adipocytes. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040453. [PMID: 32331274 PMCID: PMC7230797 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The meat quality of animal products is closely related to the intramuscular fat content. Aquaglyceroporin (AQP) defines a class of water/glycerol channels that primarily facilitate the passive transport of glycerol and water across biological membranes. In this study, the AQP3 protein of the AQP family was mainly studied in the adipogenic function of intramuscular adipocytes in pigs. Here, we found that AQP3 was increased at both mRNA and protein levels upon adipogenic stimuli in porcine intramuscular adipocytes in vitro. Western blot results showed knockdown of AQP3 by siRNA significantly suppressed the expression of adipogenic genes (PPARγ, aP2, etc.), repressed Akt phosphorylation, as well as reducing lipid accumulation. Furthermore, deletion of AQP3 by siRNA significantly downregulated expression of cell cycle genes (cyclin D, E), and decreased the number of EdU-positive cells as well as cell viability. Collectively, our data indicate that AQP3 is of great importance in both adipogenic differentiation and proliferation in intramuscular adipocytes, providing a potential target for modulating fat infiltration in skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiao Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-870-81531
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21
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Bollag WB, Aitkens L, White J, Hyndman KA. Aquaporin-3 in the epidermis: more than skin deep. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1144-C1153. [PMID: 32267715 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00075.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The skin is essential for terrestrial life. It is responsible for regulating water permeability and functions as a mechanical barrier that protects against environmental insults such as microbial infection, ultraviolet light, injury, and heat and cold, which could damage the cells of the body and compromise survival of the organism. This barrier is provided by the outer layer, the epidermis, which is composed predominantly of keratinocytes; keratinocytes undergo a program of differentiation to form the stratum corneum comprising the cornified squame "bricks" and lipid "mortar." Dysregulation of this differentiation program can result in skin diseases, including psoriasis and nonmelanoma skin cancers, among others. Accumulating evidence in the literature indicates that the water-, glycerol-, and hydrogen peroxide-transporting channel aquaporin-3 (AQP3) plays a key role in various processes involved in keratinocyte function, and abnormalities in this channel have been observed in several human skin diseases. Here, we discuss the data linking AQP3 to keratinocyte proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival as well as its role in skin properties and functions like hydration, water retention, wound healing, and barrier repair. We also discuss the mechanisms regulating AQP3 levels, localization, and function and the anomalies in AQP3 that are associated with various skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lorry Aitkens
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Joseph White
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kelly A Hyndman
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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22
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Yang R, Chowdhury S, Choudhary V, Chen X, Bollag WB. Keratinocyte aquaporin-3 expression induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors is mediated in part by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:380-386. [PMID: 32003033 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The water and glycerol channel, aquaporin-3 (AQP3), plays an important role in the skin epidermis, with effects on hydration, permeability barrier repair and wound healing; therefore, information about the mechanisms regulating its expression is important for a complete understanding of skin function physiologically and in disease conditions. We previously demonstrated that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) induce the mRNA and protein expression of AQP3, in part through the p53 family, transcription factors for which acetylation is known to affect their regulatory activity. Another set of transcription factors previously shown to induce AQP3 expression and/or regulate skin function are the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Since there are reports that PPARs are also acetylated, we examined the involvement of these nuclear hormone receptors in HDACi-induced AQP3 expression. We first verified that a PPARγ agonist upregulated AQP3 mRNA and protein levels and that this increase was blocked by a PPARγ antagonist. We then showed that the PPARγ antagonist also inhibited AQP3 expression induced both by a broad-spectrum HDACi and an HDAC3-selective inhibitor. Interestingly, a PPARα antagonist also inhibited HDACi-induced AQP3 expression. These antagonist effects were observed in both primary mouse and normal human keratinocytes. Furthermore, PPARγ overexpression enhanced HDACi-stimulated AQP3 mRNA levels. Thus, our results suggest that PPARγ and/or PPARα may play a role in regulating AQP3 levels in the skin; based on the ability of PPAR agonists to promote epidermal differentiation and/or inhibit proliferation, topical PPAR agonists might be considered as a therapy for hyperproliferative skin disorders, such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Department of Physiology, Jianghan University Medical School, Wuhan, China.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shinjini Chowdhury
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xunsheng Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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He H, Tang J, Ru D, Shu X, Li W, Li J, Ma L, Hu X, Xiong L, Li L. Protective effects of Cordyceps extract against UVB‑induced damage and prediction of application prospects in the topical administration: An experimental validation and network pharmacology study. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 121:109600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Camilleri M, Carlson P, Chedid V, Vijayvargiya P, Burton D, Busciglio I. Aquaporin Expression in Colonic Mucosal Biopsies From Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2019; 10:e00019. [PMID: 31033595 PMCID: PMC6602785 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aquaporin (AQP) channels are involved in regulating fluid homeostasis in the colon. Several AQP channels were detected in human colon epithelial cells. In a previous study, rats fed 1% (wt/wt) sodium cholate had increased AQP3, 7, and 8 levels, suggesting AQP involvement in bile acid diarrhea (BAD). Our aim was to compare AQP expressions in rectosigmoid mucosal (RSM) biopsies from patients with irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea (IBS-D) (divided into those with normal or high fecal BA excretion) and in patients with IBS-constipation (IBS-C) compared with healthy controls. METHODS In RSM biopsies from 44 patients with IBS-D (with normal (<) or high (>2,337 μmol/48 hours (BAD)) fecal BA excretion), 10 patients with IBS-C, and 17 healthy controls, we measured expressions of AQP1, 3, 7, and 8, with RT-PCR (housekeeper gene GAPDH). We analyzed RNA for expression by RT-PCR assays, with expression calculated using 2-based fold-change. Comparisons of IBS groups were corrected for false detection rate (Bonferroni correction for 12 comparisons; P < 0.0042). AQP protein measurements on biopsies from 3 healthy controls, 3 patients with IBS-D, and 3 patients with BAD were performed by western blots (GAPDH housekeeping protein). RESULTS In RSM from patients with IBS-D (but not IBS-C), mRNA expression of AQP3 was decreased, and AQP7 and 8 were increased relative to controls. Fold differences were not different in IBS-D with or without BAD. Western blots confirmed increased expression of AQP7 and 8 and decreased AQP3 proteins in biopsies from patients with IBS-D compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Increased AQP7 and 8 and decreased AQP3 expressions in RSM suggest that further studies on AQPs' potential role in the pathophysiology of diarrhea in IBS-D are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Camilleri
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paula Carlson
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, USA
| | - Victor Chedid
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, USA
| | - Priya Vijayvargiya
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, USA
| | - Duane Burton
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, USA
| | - Irene Busciglio
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, USA
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Shen X, Guo M, Yu H, Liu D, Lu Z, Lu Y. Propionibacterium acnes related anti-inflammation and skin hydration activities of madecassoside, a pentacyclic triterpene saponin from Centella asiatica. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 83:561-568. [PMID: 30452312 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1547627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Madecassoside is a major pentacyclic triterpene saponin from Centella asiatica with multiple pharmaceutical activities. In this study, we focused on its Propionibacterium acnes related anti-inflammation and skin hydration activities, both of which play important roles in skin homeostasis and barrier function. Madecassoside significantly inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, TLR2 and nuclear translocation of NF-κB in P. acnes stimulated THP-1 human monocytic cells. In addition, madecasssoside exhibited significant effects on enhancement of skin hydration through increasing the key moisturizing contributors of aquaporin-3, loricrin and involucrin in HaCaT keratinocytes as well as hyaluronan (HA) secretion in human dermal fibroblasts. The upregulation of HA synthases (HAS1, HAS2, HAS3) and inhibition to ROS formation accounted for the increment of HA content. Together, the in vitro study implied the potential medical and cosmetic application of madecassoside in skin protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Shen
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Guo
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyuan Yu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- b Technology Center , Shanghai Inoherb Co. Ltd , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Lu
- b Technology Center , Shanghai Inoherb Co. Ltd , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Lu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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Adhikari N, Amin SA, Trivedi P, Jha T, Ghosh B. HDAC3 is a potential validated target for cancer: An overview on the benzamide-based selective HDAC3 inhibitors through comparative SAR/QSAR/QAAR approaches. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:1127-1142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Marais TLD, Kluz T, Xu D, Zhang X, Gesumaria L, Matsui MS, Costa M, Sun H. Transcription factors and stress response gene alterations in human keratinocytes following Solar Simulated Ultra Violet Radiation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13622. [PMID: 29051608 PMCID: PMC5648893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from sunlight is the major effector for skin aging and carcinogenesis. However, genes and pathways altered by solar-simulated UVR (ssUVR), a mixture of UVA and UVB, are not well characterized. Here we report global changes in gene expression as well as associated pathways and upstream transcription factors in human keratinocytes exposed to ssUVR. Human HaCaT keratinocytes were exposed to either a single dose or 5 repetitive doses of ssUVR. Comprehensive analyses of gene expression profiles as well as functional annotation were performed at 24 hours post irradiation. Our results revealed that ssUVR modulated genes with diverse cellular functions changed in a dose-dependent manner. Gene expression in cells exposed to a single dose of ssUVR differed significantly from those that underwent repetitive exposures. While single ssUVR caused a significant inhibition in genes involved in cell cycle progression, especially G2/M checkpoint and mitotic regulation, repetitive ssUVR led to extensive changes in genes related to cell signaling and metabolism. We have also identified a panel of ssUVR target genes that exhibited persistent changes in gene expression even at 1 week after irradiation. These results revealed a complex network of transcriptional regulators and pathways that orchestrate the cellular response to ssUVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Des Marais
- New York University, Department of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas Kluz
- New York University, Department of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, United States of America
| | - Dazhong Xu
- New York Medical College School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiaoru Zhang
- New York University, Department of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, United States of America
| | - Lisa Gesumaria
- New York University, Department of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, United States of America
| | - Mary S Matsui
- Estee Lauder Companies, Inc., Melville, New York, United States of America
| | - Max Costa
- New York University, Department of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, United States of America.
| | - Hong Sun
- New York University, Department of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, United States of America.
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