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Zaccardelli A, Harb JL, Papathanasiou E, Scott AR. Presentation, Management, and Outcomes of Pathologic Scars Within a Pediatric Otolaryngology Practice. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:3127-3135. [PMID: 38308543 PMCID: PMC11182727 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to review the spectrum of scarring that may present to an urban, pediatric otolaryngology practice and determine if associations exist between race, scar location, treatment modality, and outcomes following interventions for scarring. METHODS Retrospective cohort study among 115 pediatric patients with 138 unique keloids or hypertrophic scars (HTS), and 141 children presenting for tonsillectomy at Tufts Medical Center. Age at presentation and sex assigned at birth were collected for both populations. For those presenting for pathologic scars, income quintile, self-identified race/ethnicity, anatomical location, treatment number and type, and clinical outcome were also analyzed. Multivariate analyses calculated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals to assess associations between scar subsite, intervention type, and persistence after treatment. RESULTS Compared to individuals presenting for tonsillectomy, a disproportionate percentage of patients presenting for scarring identified as Black (26.6% vs. 13.5%) or Asian (17.4% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.016) or were male (61.7% vs. 49.7%, p = 0.053). Individuals identifying as Black or Asian were more likely to present with ear lobe and neck scars, respectively (50.0% vs. 45.5%, p = <0.001). Ear scars were significantly more likely to receive excision at initial treatment (aOR = 5.86 [1.43-23.96]) compared to other subsites, and were more likely to require >1 treatment (aOR = 5.91 [1.53-22.75]). CONCLUSION Among pediatric patients presenting with keloids or HTS, children who identified as Black or Asian were more likely to present with ear and neck scars, respectively. Ear scars were frequently treated with excision and appear more likely to require adjuvant treatments and multiple interventions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 134:3127-3135, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zaccardelli
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Jennifer L Harb
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Evangelos Papathanasiou
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Andrew R Scott
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
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2
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Kojima S. Investigating mobile element variations by statistical genetics. Hum Genome Var 2024; 11:23. [PMID: 38816353 PMCID: PMC11140006 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-024-00280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of structural variations (SVs) in statistical genetics provides an opportunity to understand the genetic factors influencing complex human traits and disease. Recent advances in long-read technology and variant calling methods for short reads have improved the accurate discovery and genotyping of SVs, enabling their use in expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Mobile elements are DNA sequences that insert themselves into various genome locations. Insertional polymorphisms of mobile elements between humans, called mobile element variations (MEVs), contribute to approximately 25% of human SVs. We recently developed a variant caller that can accurately identify and genotype MEVs from biobank-scale short-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) datasets and integrate them into statistical genetics. The use of MEVs in eQTL analysis and GWAS has a minimal impact on the discovery of genome loci associated with gene expression and disease; most disease-associated haplotypes can be identified by single nucleotide variations (SNVs). On the other hand, it helps make hypotheses about causal variants or effector variants. Focusing on MEVs, we identified multiple MEVs that contribute to differential gene expression and one of them is a potential cause of skin disease, emphasizing the importance of the integration of MEVs in medical genetics. Here, I will provide an overview of MEVs, MEV calling from WGS, and the integration of MEVs in statistical genetics. Finally, I will discuss the unanswered questions about MEVs, such as rare variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kojima
- Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
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3
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Furukawa R, Kuwatani M, Jiang JJ, Tanaka Y, Hasebe R, Murakami K, Tanaka K, Hirata N, Ohki I, Takahashi I, Yamasaki T, Shinohara Y, Nozawa S, Hojyo S, Kubota SI, Hashimoto S, Hirano S, Sakamoto N, Murakami M. GGT1 is a SNP eQTL gene involved in STAT3 activation and associated with the development of Post-ERCP pancreatitis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12224. [PMID: 38806529 PMCID: PMC11133343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is an acute pancreatitis caused by endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). About 10% of patients develop PEP after ERCP. Here we show that gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1)-SNP rs5751901 is an eQTL in pancreatic cells associated with PEP and a positive regulator of the IL-6 amplifier. More PEP patients had the GGT1 SNP rs5751901 risk allele (C) than that of non-PEP patients at Hokkaido University Hospital. Additionally, GGT1 expression and IL-6 amplifier activation were increased in PEP pancreas samples with the risk allele. A mechanistic analysis showed that IL-6-mediated STAT3 nuclear translocation and STAT3 phosphorylation were suppressed in GGT1-deficient cells. Furthermore, GGT1 directly associated with gp130, the signal-transducer of IL-6. Importantly, GGT1-deficiency suppressed inflammation development in a STAT3/NF-κB-dependent disease model. Thus, the risk allele of GGT1-SNP rs5751901 is involved in the pathogenesis of PEP via IL-6 amplifier activation. Therefore, the GGT1-STAT3 axis in pancreas may be a prognosis marker and therapeutic target for PEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Furukawa
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Kuwatani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
- Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
- Quantum Immunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Kumiko Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hirata
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Izuru Ohki
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
- Quantum Immunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takahashi
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yuta Shinohara
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Nozawa
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
- Quantum Immunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shimpei I Kubota
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
- Quantum Immunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hashimoto
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan.
- Quantum Immunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan.
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Naito S, Tanaka H, Jiang JJ, Tarumi M, Hashimoto A, Tanaka Y, Murakami K, Kubota SI, Hojyo S, Hashimoto S, Murakami M. DDX6 is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases via NF-κB activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 703:149666. [PMID: 38377944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The IL-6 amplifier was originally discovered as a mechanism for the enhanced activation of NF-κB in non-immune cells. In the IL-6 amplifier, IL-6-STAT3 and NF-κB stimulation is followed by an excessive production of IL-6, chemokines, and growth factors to develop chronic inflammation preceding the development of inflammatory diseases. Previously, using a shRNA-mediated genome-wide screening, we found that DEAD-Box Helicase 6 (DDX6) is a candidate positive regulator of the amplifier. Here, we investigate whether DDX6 is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases via the IL-6 amplifier. We found that DDX6-silencing in non-immune cells suppressed the NF-κB pathway and inhibited activation of the IL-6 amplifier, while the forced expression of DDX6 enhanced NF-κB promoter activity independent of the RNA helicase activity of DDX6. The imiquimod-mediated dermatitis model was suppressed by the siRNA-mediated gene downregulation of DDX6. Furthermore, silencing DDX6 significantly reduced the TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of p65/RelA and IκBα, nuclear localization of p65, and the protein levels of IκBα. Mechanistically, DDX6 is strongly associated with p65 and IκBα, but not TRADD, RIP, or TRAF2, suggesting a novel function of DDX6 as an adaptor protein in the NF-κB pathway. Thus, our findings demonstrate a possible role of DDX6 beyond RNA metabolism and suggest DDX6 is a therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Naito
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masato Tarumi
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ari Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shimpei I Kubota
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hashimoto
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan; Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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5
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Tanaka Y, Ohki I, Murakami K, Ozawa S, Wang Y, Murakami M. The gateway reflex regulates tissue-specific autoimmune diseases. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:12. [PMID: 38449060 PMCID: PMC10919025 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The dynamic interaction and movement of substances and cells between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral organs are meticulously controlled by a specialized vascular structure, the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Experimental and clinical research has shown that disruptions in the BBB are characteristic of various neuroinflammatory disorders, including multiple sclerosis. We have been elucidating a mechanism termed the "gateway reflex" that details the entry of immune cells, notably autoreactive T cells, into the CNS at the onset of such diseases. This process is initiated through local neural responses to a range of environmental stimuli, such as gravity, electricity, pain, stress, light, and joint inflammation. These stimuli specifically activate neural pathways to open gateways at targeted blood vessels for blood immune cell entry. The gateway reflex is pivotal in managing tissue-specific inflammatory diseases, and its improper activation is linked to disease progression. In this review, we present a comprehensive examination of the gateway reflex mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Quantumimmunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Izuru Ohki
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Quantumimmunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ozawa
- Quantumimmunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yaze Wang
- Quantumimmunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Quantumimmunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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6
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Gill HS, O-Wern L, Tiwari P, Gill GKS, Goh C, Hung J, Lee JT, Lim TC, Lim J, Yap YL, Nallathamby V. Postoperative Scar Management Protocol for Asian Patients. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:461-471. [PMID: 37943348 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative scar formation remains a morbidity for patients even with the advent of minimally invasive techniques. Furthermore, the significant difference between the Asian and Caucasian skin results in poorer postoperative scar outcomes in Asians, supporting the need for an evidence-based scar management protocol. METHODS Following a literature review of the PubMed and the Cochrane databases over the past 10 years, we constructed a novel postoperative scar management protocol for the Asian skin, utilized in a Singaporean tertiary healthcare institution. RESULTS We describe a timeline-based scar protocol from the point of skin closure to a minimum of 1 year of follow-up. We support the use of intraoperative botulinum toxin for selected high-risk individuals upon skin closure with a follow-up regimen in the postoperative setting. For recalcitrant keloids, we have described a multimodal therapy comprising elements of intralesional steroids, botulinum toxin, lasers, surgery, and radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS A consolidated postoperative scar management protocol provides the necessary guidance for improved scar outcomes in the Asian skin. There is inherent potential in expanding the protocol to include post-traumatic and burn wounds or support other skin types including the Caucasian skin. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hargaven Singh Gill
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, National University Hospital (NUH), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Low O-Wern
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, National University Hospital (NUH), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Priya Tiwari
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, National University Hospital (NUH), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
| | - Gurveer Kaven Singh Gill
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, National University Hospital (NUH), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Chance Goh
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, National University Hospital (NUH), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Janet Hung
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, National University Hospital (NUH), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Jing Tzer Lee
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, National University Hospital (NUH), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Thiam Chye Lim
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, National University Hospital (NUH), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Jane Lim
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, National University Hospital (NUH), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Yan Lin Yap
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, National University Hospital (NUH), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Vigneswaran Nallathamby
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, National University Hospital (NUH), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
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Liu Z, Hu Q, Hu B, Cao K, Xu T, Hou T, Cao T, Wang R, Shi H, Zhang B. Ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 promotes the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through targeting PCDH17 protein for ubiquitination and degradation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105593. [PMID: 38145746 PMCID: PMC10826327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 4 (NEDD4), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is commonly upregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and functions as an oncogenic factor in the progression of HCC, but the molecular mechanism needs be further explored. In this study, we found that NEDD4 could facilitate the proliferation of HCC cells, which was associated with regulating the ERK signaling. Further investigation showed that protocadherin 17 (PCDH17) was a potential substrate of NEDD4, and restoration of PCDH17 could block the facilitation of ERK signaling and HCC cells proliferation induced by NEDD4 overexpression. Whereafter, we confirmed that NEDD4 interacted with PCDH17 and promoted the Lys33-linked polyubiquitination and degradation of it via the proteasome pathway. Finally, NEDD4 protein level was found to be inversely correlated with that of PCDH17 in human HCC tissues. In conclusion, these results suggest that NEDD4 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for PCDH17 ubiquitination and degradation thereby promoting the proliferation of HCC cells through regulating the ERK signaling, which may provide novel evidence for NEDD4 to be a promising therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Liu
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinghe Hu
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuan Cao
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianqi Hou
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Cao
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renhao Wang
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hengliang Shi
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Research Center of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Kenny FN, Marcotti S, De Freitas DB, Drudi EM, Leech V, Bell RE, Easton J, Díaz-de-la-Loza MDC, Fleck R, Allison L, Philippeos C, Manhart A, Shaw TJ, Stramer BM. Autocrine IL-6 drives cell and extracellular matrix anisotropy in scar fibroblasts. Matrix Biol 2023; 123:1-16. [PMID: 37660739 PMCID: PMC10878985 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is associated with dramatic changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture of unknown etiology. Here we exploit keloid scars as a paradigm to understand fibrotic ECM organization. We reveal that keloid patient fibroblasts uniquely produce a globally aligned ECM network in 2-D culture as observed in scar tissue. ECM anisotropy develops after rapid initiation of a fibroblast supracellular actin network, suggesting that cell alignment initiates ECM patterning. Keloid fibroblasts produce elevated levels of IL-6, and autocrine IL-6 production is both necessary and sufficient to induce cell and ECM alignment, as evidenced by ligand stimulation of normal dermal fibroblasts and treatment of keloid fibroblasts with the function blocking IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, tocilizumab. Downstream of IL-6, supracellular organization of keloid fibroblasts is controlled by activation of cell-cell adhesion. Adhesion formation inhibits contact-induced cellular overlap leading to nematic organization of cells and an alignment of focal adhesions. Keloid fibroblasts placed on isotropic ECM align the pre-existing matrix, suggesting that focal adhesion alignment leads to active anisotropic remodeling. These results show that IL-6-induced fibroblast cooperativity can control the development of a nematic ECM, highlighting both IL-6 signaling and cell-cell adhesions as potential therapeutic targets to inhibit this common feature of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona N Kenny
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stefania Marcotti
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Elena M Drudi
- Centre for Inflammation Biology & Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Vivienne Leech
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, UK
| | - Rachel E Bell
- Centre for Inflammation Biology & Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Easton
- Centre for Inflammation Biology & Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Roland Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructure Imaging, King's College London, UK
| | - Leanne Allison
- Centre for Ultrastructure Imaging, King's College London, UK
| | - Christina Philippeos
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Angelika Manhart
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, UK; Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanya J Shaw
- Centre for Inflammation Biology & Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Brian M Stramer
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.
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9
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Yong D, Green SR, Ghiabi P, Santhakumar V, Vedadi M. Discovery of Nedd4 auto-ubiquitination inhibitors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16057. [PMID: 37749144 PMCID: PMC10520017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42997-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases are critical to the protein degradation pathway by catalyzing the final step in protein ubiquitination by mediating ubiquitin transfer from E2 enzymes to target proteins. Nedd4 is a HECT domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase with a wide range of protein targets, the dysregulation of which has been implicated in myriad pathologies, including cancer and Parkinson's disease. Towards the discovery of compounds disrupting the auto-ubiquitination activity of Nedd4, we developed and optimized a TR-FRET assay for high-throughput screening. Through selective screening of a library of potentially covalent compounds, compounds 25 and 81 demonstrated apparent IC50 values of 52 µM and 31 µM, respectively. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis confirmed that 25 and 81 were covalently bound to Nedd4 cysteine residues (Cys182 and Cys867). In addition, 81 also adducted to Cys627. Auto-ubiquitination assays of Nedd4 mutants featuring alanine substitutions for each of these cysteines suggested that the mode of inhibition of these compounds occurs through blocking the catalytic Cys867. The discovery of these inhibitors could enable the development of therapeutics for various diseases caused by Nedd4 E3 ligase dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Yong
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Stuart R Green
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Pegah Ghiabi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | - Masoud Vedadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada.
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10
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Yamamoto R, Yamada S, Atsumi T, Murakami K, Hashimoto A, Naito S, Tanaka Y, Ohki I, Shinohara Y, Iwasaki N, Yoshimura A, Jiang JJ, Kamimura D, Hojyo S, Kubota SI, Hashimoto S, Murakami M. Computer model of IL-6-dependent rheumatoid arthritis in F759 mice. Int Immunol 2023; 35:403-421. [PMID: 37227084 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-6 (IL-6) amplifier, which describes the simultaneous activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and NF-κb nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), in synovial fibroblasts causes the infiltration of immune cells into the joints of F759 mice. The result is a disease that resembles human rheumatoid arthritis. However, the kinetics and regulatory mechanisms of how augmented transcriptional activation by STAT3 and NF-κB leads to F759 arthritis is unknown. We here show that the STAT3-NF-κB complex is present in the cytoplasm and nucleus and accumulates around NF-κB binding sites of the IL-6 promoter region and established a computer model that shows IL-6 and IL-17 (interleukin 17) signaling promotes the formation of the STAT3-NF-κB complex followed by its binding on promoter regions of NF-κB target genes to accelerate inflammatory responses, including the production of IL-6, epiregulin, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), phenotypes consistent with in vitro experiments. The binding also promoted cell growth in the synovium and the recruitment of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and macrophages in the joints. Anti-IL-6 blocking antibody treatment inhibited inflammatory responses even at the late phase, but anti-IL-17 and anti-TNFα antibodies did not. However, anti-IL-17 antibody at the early phase showed inhibitory effects, suggesting that the IL-6 amplifier is dependent on IL-6 and IL-17 stimulation at the early phase, but only on IL-6 at the late phase. These findings demonstrate the molecular mechanism of F759 arthritis can be recapitulated in silico and identify a possible therapeutic strategy for IL-6 amplifier-dependent chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiji Yamamoto
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamada
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toru Atsumi
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ari Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Naito
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Team of Quantum immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Izuru Ohki
- Team of Quantum immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuta Shinohara
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shimpei I Kubota
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hashimoto
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Team of Quantum immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
- Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
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11
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Zhang M, Chen H, Qian H, Wang C. Characterization of the skin keloid microenvironment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:207. [PMID: 37587491 PMCID: PMC10428592 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloids are a fibroproliferative skin disorder that develops in people of all ages. Keloids exhibit some cancer-like behaviors, with similar genetic and epigenetic modifications in the keloid microenvironment. The keloid microenvironment is composed of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, immune cells, stem cells and collagen fibers. Recent advances in the study of keloids have led to novel insights into cellular communication among components of the keloid microenvironment as well as potential therapeutic targets for treating keloids. In this review, we summarized the nature of genetic and epigenetic regulation in keloid-derived fibroblasts, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of keratinocytes, immune cell infiltration into keloids, the differentiation of keloid-derived stem cells, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition of vascular endothelial cells, extracellular matrix synthesis and remodeling, and uncontrolled angiogenesis in keloids with the aim of identifying new targets for therapeutic benefit. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwen Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Huan Qian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Chen Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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12
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Teoh YB, Jiang JJ, Yamasaki T, Nagata N, Sugawara T, Hasebe R, Ohta H, Sasaki N, Yokoyama N, Nakamura K, Kagawa Y, Takiguchi M, Murakami M. An inflammatory bowel disease-associated SNP increases local thyroglobulin expression to develop inflammation in miniature dachshunds. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1192888. [PMID: 37519997 PMCID: PMC10375717 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1192888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory colorectal polyp (ICRP) in miniature dachshunds (MDs) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by granulomatous inflammation that consists of neutrophil infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia in the colon. Recently, we identified five MD-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely PLG, TCOF1, TG, COL9A2, and COL4A4, by whole-exome sequencing. Here, we investigated whether TG c.4567C>T (p.R1523W) is associated with the ICRP pathology. We found that the frequency of the T/T SNP risk allele was significantly increased in MDs with ICRP. In vitro experiments showed that TG expression in non-immune cells was increased by inducing the IL-6 amplifier with IL-6 and TNF-α. On the other hand, a deficiency of TG suppressed the IL-6 amplifier. Moreover, recombinant TG treatment enhanced the activation of the IL-6 amplifier, suggesting that TG is both a positive regulator and a target of the IL-6 amplifier. We also found that TG expression together with two NF-κB targets, IL6 and CCL2, was increased in colon samples isolated from MDs with the T/T risk allele compared to those with the C/C non-risk allele, but serum TG was not increased. Cumulatively, these results suggest that the T/T SNP is an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) of TG mRNA in the colon, and local TG expression triggered by this SNP increases the risk of ICRP in MDs via the IL-6 amplifier. Therefore, TG c.4567C>T is a diagnostic target for ICRP in MDs, and TG-mediated IL-6 amplifier activation in the colon is a possible therapeutic target for ICRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Bin Teoh
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagata
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sugawara
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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13
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Kida H, Jiang JJ, Matsui Y, Takahashi I, Hasebe R, Kawamura D, Endo T, Shibayama H, Kondo M, Nishio Y, Nishida K, Matsuno Y, Oikawa T, Kubota SI, Hojyo S, Iwasaki N, Hashimoto S, Tanaka Y, Murakami M. Dupuytren's contracture-associated SNPs increase SFRP4 expression in non-immune cells including fibroblasts to enhance inflammation development. Int Immunol 2023; 35:303-312. [PMID: 36719100 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dupuytren's contracture (DC) is an inflammatory fibrosis characterized by fibroproliferative disorders of the palmar aponeurosis, for which there is no effective treatment. Although several genome-wide association studies have identified risk alleles associated with DC, the functional linkage between these alleles and the pathogenesis remains elusive. We here focused on two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with DC, rs16879765 and rs17171229, in secreted frizzled related protein 4 (SFRP4). We investigated the association of SRFP4 with the IL-6 amplifier, which amplifies the production of IL-6, growth factors and chemokines in non-immune cells and aggravates inflammatory diseases via NF-κB enhancement. Knockdown of SFRP4 suppressed activation of the IL-6 amplifier in vitro and in vivo, whereas the overexpression of SFRP4 induced the activation of NF-κB-mediated transcription activity. Mechanistically, SFRP4 induced NF-κB activation by directly binding to molecules of the ubiquitination SFC complex, such as IkBα and βTrCP, followed by IkBα degradation. Furthermore, SFRP4 expression was significantly increased in fibroblasts derived from DC patients bearing the risk alleles. Consistently, fibroblasts with the risk alleles enhanced activation of the IL-6 amplifier. These findings indicate that the IL-6 amplifier is involved in the pathogenesis of DC, particularly in patients harboring the SFRP4 risk alleles. Therefore, SFRP4 is a potential therapeutic target for various inflammatory diseases and disorders, including DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kida
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Matsui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Section for Clinical Education, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takahashi
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shibayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido Orthopedic Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido Orthopedic Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kinya Nishida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Oikawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shimpei I Kubota
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hashimoto
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Group of Quantum immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Group of Quantum immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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14
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Guo C, Liang L, Zheng J, Xie Y, Qiu X, Tan G, Huang J, Wang L. UCHL1 aggravates skin fibrosis through an IGF-1-induced Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α pathway in keloid. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23015. [PMID: 37256780 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300153rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Keloid is a heterogeneous disease featured by the excessive production of extracellular matrix. It is a great challenge for both clinicians and patients regarding the exaggerated and uncontrolled outgrowth and the therapeutic resistance of the disease. In this study, we verified that UCHL1 was drastically upregulated in keloid fibroblasts. UCHL1 had no effects on cell proliferation and migration, but instead promoted collagen I and α-SMA expression that was inhibited by silencing UCHL1 gene and by adding in LDN-57444, a pharmacological inhibitor for UCHL1 activity as well. The pathological process was mediated by IGF-1 promoted Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway because inhibition of any of them could reduce the expression of collagen I and α-SMA driven by UCHL1 in fibroblasts. Also, we found that UCHL1 expression in keloid fibroblasts was promoted by M2 macrophages via TGF-β1. These findings extend our understanding of the pathogenesis of keloid and provide potential therapeutic targets for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chipeng Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhu Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbin Zheng
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Dermatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhen Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingang Huang
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangchun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Kojima S, Koyama S, Ka M, Saito Y, Parrish EH, Endo M, Takata S, Mizukoshi M, Hikino K, Takeda A, Gelinas AF, Heaton SM, Koide R, Kamada AJ, Noguchi M, Hamada M, Kamatani Y, Murakawa Y, Ishigaki K, Nakamura Y, Ito K, Terao C, Momozawa Y, Parrish NF. Mobile element variation contributes to population-specific genome diversification, gene regulation and disease risk. Nat Genet 2023:10.1038/s41588-023-01390-2. [PMID: 37169872 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Mobile genetic elements (MEs) are heritable mutagens that recursively generate structural variants (SVs). ME variants (MEVs) are difficult to genotype and integrate in statistical genetics, obscuring their impact on genome diversification and traits. We developed a tool that accurately genotypes MEVs using short-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and applied it to global human populations. We find unexpected population-specific MEV differences, including an Alu insertion distribution distinguishing Japanese from other populations. Integrating MEVs with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) maps shows that MEV classes regulate tissue-specific gene expression by shared mechanisms, including creating or attenuating enhancers and recruiting post-transcriptional regulators, supporting class-wide interpretability. MEVs more often associate with gene expression changes than SNVs, thus plausibly impacting traits. Performing genome-wide association study (GWAS) with MEVs pinpoints potential causes of disease risk, including a LINE-1 insertion associated with keloid and fasciitis. This work implicates MEVs as drivers of human divergence and disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kojima
- Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences and RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Koyama
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genomics and Informatics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mirei Ka
- Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences and RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Yokohama, Japan
- Next-Generation Precision Medicine Development, Integrative Genomics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Saito
- Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences and RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Erica H Parrish
- Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences and RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mikiko Endo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sadaaki Takata
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Misaki Mizukoshi
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiko Hikino
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asami F Gelinas
- Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences and RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Steven M Heaton
- Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences and RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rie Koide
- Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences and RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Anselmo J Kamada
- Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences and RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Yokohama, Japan
- Paleovirology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michiya Noguchi
- Cell Engineering Division, BioResource Research Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Michiaki Hamada
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Murakawa
- RIKEN-IFOM Joint Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- IFOM ETS - the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- Laboratory for Human Immunogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, BioResource Research Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ito
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genomics and Informatics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
- The Department of Applied Genetics, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nicholas F Parrish
- Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences and RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Yokohama, Japan.
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16
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Knowles A, Glass DA. Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars. Dermatol Clin 2023; 41:509-517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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17
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Cai H, Chen Y, Feng Y, Asadi M, Kaufman L, Lee K, Kehrer T, Miorin L, Garcia-Sastre A, Gusella GL, Gu L, Ni Z, Mou S, He JC, Zhou W. SARS-CoV-2 viral protein ORF3A injures renal tubules by interacting with TRIM59 to induce STAT3 activation. Mol Ther 2023; 31:774-787. [PMID: 36523164 PMCID: PMC9750503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury occurs frequently in COVID-19 patients infected by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, and infection of kidney cells by this virus has been reported. However, little is known about the direct impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection upon the renal tubular cells. We report that SARS-CoV-2 activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling and caused cellular injury in the human renal tubular cell line. Mechanistically, the viral protein ORF3A of SARS-CoV-2 augmented both NF-κB and STAT3 signaling and increased the expression of kidney injury molecule 1. SARS-CoV-2 infection or expression of ORF3A alone elevated the protein level of tripartite motif-containing protein 59 (TRIM59), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which interacts with both ORF3A and STAT3. The excessive TRIM59 in turn dissociated the phosphatase TCPTP from binding to STAT3 and hence inhibited the dephosphorylation of STAT3, leading to persistent STAT3 activation. Consistently, ORF3A induced renal injury in zebrafish and mice. In addition, expression of TRIM59 was elevated in the kidney autopsies of COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury. Thus, the aberrant activation of STAT3 signaling by TRIM59 plays a significant role in the renal tubular cell injury caused by SARS-CoV-2, which suggests a potential targeted therapy for the renal complications of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Renji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Renji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Feng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Morad Asadi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lewis Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Thomas Kehrer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lisa Miorin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - G Luca Gusella
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Leyi Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Renji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Renji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Mou
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney Disease, Shanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research Center, Renji Hospital, Uremia Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Weibin Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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18
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Li L, Zhang M, Song N, Zhao Q, Liu Z, Diao A. TMEPAI promotes degradation of the NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitory protein IκBα and contributes to tumorigenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123859. [PMID: 36868334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The transmembrane prostate androgen-induced protein (TMEPAI) is known to be highly expressed in various types of cancer and promoted oncogenic abilities. However, the mechanisms whereby TMEPAI facilitates tumorigenesis are not fully understood. Here we reported that expression of TMEPAI activated the NF-κB signaling. TMEPAI showed direct interaction with NF-κB pathway inhibitory protein IκBα. Though ubiquitin ligase Nedd4 (neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4) did not interact with IκBα directly, TMEPAI recruited Nedd4 for ubiquitination of IκBα, leading to IκBα degradation through the proteasomal and lysosomal pathway, and promoted activation of NF-κB signaling. Further study indicated NF-κB signaling is involved in TMEPAI-induced cell proliferation and tumor growth in immune deficient mice. This finding helps to further understand the mechanism of TMEPAI on tumorigenesis and suggests TMEPAI is potential target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Li
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ning Song
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Aipo Diao
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin 300457, China.
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19
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Zhu Z, Ni S, Zhang J, Yuan Y, Bai Y, Yin X, Zhu Z. Genome-wide analysis of dysregulated RNA-binding proteins and alternative splicing genes in keloid. Front Genet 2023; 14:1118999. [PMID: 36777722 PMCID: PMC9908963 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1118999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The pathogenesis of keloids remains unclear. Methods: In this study, we analyzed RNA-Seq data (GSE113619) of the local skin tissue of 8 keloid-prone individuals (KPI) and 6 healthy controls (HC) before and 42 days after trauma from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. The differential alternative splicing (AS) events associated with trauma healing between KPIs and HCs were identifified, and their functional differences were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways. The co-expression relationship of differentially alternative splicing genes and differentially expressed RNA binding proteins (RBPs) was established subsequently. Results: A total of 674 differential AS events between the KD42 and the KD0 and 378 differential AS events between the HD42 and the HD0 were discovered. Notably, most of the differential genes related to keloids are enriched in actin, microtubule cells, and cortical actin cytoskeletal tissue pathway. We observed a signifificant association between AS genes (EPB41, TPM1, NF2, PARD3) and trauma healing in KPIs and HCs. We also found that the differential expression of healthy controls-specifific trauma healing-related RBPs (TKT, FDPS, SAMHD1) may affect the response of HCs to trauma healing by regulating the AS of downstream trauma healing-related genes such as DCN and DST. In contrast, KPIs also has specifific differential expression of trauma healing related RBPs (S100A9, HspB1, LIMA1, FBL), which may affect the healing response of KPIs to trauma by regulating the AS of downstream trauma healing-related genes such as FN1 and TPM1. Discussion: Our results were innovative in revealing early wound healing-related genes (EPB41, TPM1, NF2, PARD3) in KPI from the perspective of AS regulated by RBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhu
- Hangzhou Plastic Surgery Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuangying Ni
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,The Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,The Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,The Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xueli Yin
- Functional Experiment Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,The Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,*Correspondence: Zhengwei Zhu,
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20
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Deng CC, Zhang LX, Xu XY, Zhu DH, Cheng Q, Ma S, Rong Z, Yang B. Risk single-nucleotide polymorphism-mediated enhancer-promoter interaction drives keloids through long noncoding RNA down expressed in keloids. Br J Dermatol 2023; 188:84-93. [PMID: 36689521 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keloids represent one extreme of aberrant dermal wound healing and are characterized by fibroblast hyperproliferation and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Genetics is a major factor for predisposition to keloids and genome-wide association study has identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs873549 at 1q41 as a susceptibility locus. The SNP rs873549, and the SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs873549, may be involved in keloid development. However, the functional significance of these SNPs in keloid pathogenesis remains elusive. OBJECTIVES To investigate the function and mechanism of SNP rs873549 and the SNPs in strong LD with rs873549 in keloids. METHODS SNPs in strong LD with rs873549 were analysed using Haploview. The expression levels of the genes near the susceptibility locus were analysed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The interaction between rs1348270-containing enhancer and the long noncoding RNA down expressed in keloids (DEIK) (formerly RP11-400N13.1) promoter in fibroblasts was investigated using chromosome conformation capture. The enhancer activity of the rs1348270 locus was evaluated using luciferase reporter assay. Knockdown experiments were used to explore the function of DEIK in keloids. RNA-Seq was performed to investigate the mechanism by which DEIK regulates the expression of collagens POSTN and COMP. RESULTS rs1348270, an enhancer-located SNP in strong LD with rs873549, mediated looping with the promoter of DEIK. The risk variant was associated with decreased enhancer-promoter interaction and DEIK down-expression in keloids. Mechanistically, downregulation of DEIK increased the expression of collagens POSTN and COMP through upregulating BMP2. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that DEIK expression was inversely correlated with BMP2, POSTN and COMP expression in both keloid and normal fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the risk variant rs1348270 is located in an enhancer and is associated with the downregulation of DEIK in keloids, and that downregulation of DEIK increases the expression of collagens POSTN and COMP through BMP2 in keloid fibroblasts. These findings will help to provide a more thorough understanding of the role played by genetic factors in keloid development and may lead to new strategies for screening and therapy in keloid-susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Deng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xue Zhang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Yan Xu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding-Heng Zhu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufeng Ma
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhili Rong
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Hamzehlou S, Glass DA. Down expressed in keloid (DEIK): a new player in the pathogenesis of keloids. Br J Dermatol 2023; 188:7. [PMID: 36689528 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Hamzehlou
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Donald Alexander Glass
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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22
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Yin Q, Wolkerstorfer A, Lapid O, Niessen FB, Van Zuijlen PPM, Gibbs S. The JAK-STAT pathway in keloid pathogenesis: a systematic review with qualitative synthesis. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:588-598. [PMID: 36652549 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Keloid tissues contain inflammatory cells and upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines. The Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway mediate cellular responses to these cytokines. We performed a systematic review on the role of the JAK-STAT pathway in keloid pathogenesis and the evidence for JAK-STAT inhibitors in keloid treatment. The search combined the terms (1) keloid and (2) JAK or TYK or STAT and included MeSH terms and synonyms. Two reviewers screened the articles and assessed the full texts on eligibility. Data were collected on the tested drugs and molecules, the type of cells and tissues used in the experiments, and study findings on the association between the JAK-STAT pathway and keloid cells and tissues. A total of twenty preclinical studies were included. Eleven preclinical studies proved that STAT3 expression and phosphorylation are enhanced in keloid tissue and keloid fibroblasts. Thirteen different JAK and/or STAT inhibitors were investigated. Tested drugs inhibited keloid progression as demonstrated by different processes, including reduced collagen production, cell proliferation and migration, increased cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, enhanced antioxidant responses, decreased (paracrine) signalling, and decreased profibrotic gene expression. No clinical studies have been published to date. Preclinical studies indicate a role for the JAK-STAT pathway in keloid pathogenesis and a potential role for JAK-STAT inhibitors in keloid treatment. The effect of these drugs should be further investigated on relevant biomarkers in a human keloid skin model, preferably including immune cells besides keloid fibroblasts and keratinocytes and in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Wolkerstorfer
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oren Lapid
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank B Niessen
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul P M Van Zuijlen
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Burn Center and Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, The Netherlands.,Pediatric Surgical Centre, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Movement Sciences (AMS) Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Lee CC, Tsai CH, Chen CH, Yeh YC, Chung WH, Chen CB. An updated review of the immunological mechanisms of keloid scars. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117630. [PMID: 37033989 PMCID: PMC10075205 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloid is a type of disfiguring pathological scarring unique to human skin. The disorder is characterized by excessive collagen deposition. Immune cell infiltration is a hallmark of both normal and pathological tissue repair. However, the immunopathological mechanisms of keloid remain unclear. Recent studies have uncovered the pivotal role of both innate and adaptive immunity in modulating the aberrant behavior of keloid fibroblasts. Several novel therapeutics attempting to restore regulation of the immune microenvironment have shown variable efficacy. We review the current understanding of keloid immunopathogenesis and highlight the potential roles of immune pathway-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chun Lee
- 1 Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chieh Yeh
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Chang Gung Allergology Consortium, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Bing Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Chang Gung Allergology Consortium, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chun-Bing Chen, ;
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24
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Akabane K, Murakami K, Murakami M. Gateway reflexes are neural circuits that establish the gateway of immune cells to regulate tissue specific inflammation. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:469-477. [PMID: 37318003 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2225215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tissue-specific inflammatory diseases are regulated by several mechanisms. The gateway reflex and IL-6 amplifier are two mechanisms involved in diseases that depend on the inflammatory cytokine IL-6. The gateway reflex activates specific neural pathways that cause autoreactive CD4+ T cells to pass through gateways in blood vessels toward specific tissues in tissue-specific inflammatory diseases. These gateways are mediated by the IL-6 amplifier, which describes enhanced NF-κB activation in nonimmune cells including endothelial cells at specific sites. In total, we have reported six gateway reflexes defined by their triggering stimulus: gravity, pain, electric stimulation, stress, light, and joint inflammation. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the gateway reflex and IL-6 amplifier for the development of tissue-specific inflammatory diseases. EXPERT OPINION We expect that the IL-6 amplifier and gateway reflex will lead to novel therapeutic and diagnostic methods for inflammatory diseases, particularly tissue-specific ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiroh Akabane
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development(HU-IVRed), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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25
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Yu X, Zhu X, Li L, Gao G. Circular RNAs: Emerging players in the pathogenesis of keloid. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1008364. [PMID: 36439262 PMCID: PMC9681797 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1008364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new type of non-coding RNAs originating from precursor messenger RNAs. Recent research has confirmed that circRNAs play a significant role in various biological and pathological processes, including cell viability, migration, and apoptosis. Emerging studies have demonstrated that the deregulated circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network plays a key role in the development of many diseases. Increasing evidence has highlighted the role of ncRNAs (mainly miRNAs and lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of keloids. Recently, several publications also indicated that circRNAs contribute to keloid development. The discovery of circRNAs changed the current understanding of the biology of keloids It is crucial to elucidate a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network to understand the pathological mechanism of keloids. In the present review, we summarize the aberrant expression of regulatory roles of circRNAs in keloids. We discuss the potential clinical application of circRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Linfeng Li
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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26
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Song MS, Pandolfi PP. The HECT family of E3 ubiquitin ligases and PTEN. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:43-51. [PMID: 34129913 PMCID: PMC8665946 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Members of the HECT family of E3 ubiquitin ligases have emerged as prominent regulators of PTEN function, subcellular localization and levels. In turn this unfolding regulatory network is allowing for the identification of genes directly involved in both tumorigenesis at large and cancer susceptibility syndromes. While the complexity of this regulatory network is still being unraveled, these new findings are paving the way for novel therapeutic modalities for cancer prevention and therapy as well as for other diseases. Here we will review the signal transduction and therapeutic implications of the cross-talk between HECT family members and PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sup Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77030, USA.
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Renown Institute for Cancer, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV89502, USA.
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27
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Liu S, Yang H, Song J, Zhang Y, Abualhssain ATH, Yang B. Keloid: Genetic susceptibility and contributions of genetics and epigenetics to its pathogenesis. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1665-1675. [PMID: 36052657 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Keloid, characterized by fibroproliferative disorders of the skin, can be developed in people of different genders, ages, and ethnicities. Keloid can appear in any part of the body but are especially common on the earlobe, upper torso, and triangular muscle. The genetic heterogeneity and susceptibility of KD (keloid) vary among different races and ethnicities. Studies have found that multiple loci on multiple chromosomes are associated with the pathogenesis of KD, and specific gene variants may also be involved. Despite multiple investigations attempting to uncover the etiology of keloid formation, the genetic mechanism of keloid formation remains unknown. To establish a foundation for a better understanding of the genetics and epigenetics of keloids, we have evaluated and summarized current studies which are mostly related to heredity, genetic polymorphisms, predisposing gene, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNA. We also discussed the problems and potential of genetic and epigenetic investigations of keloids, with the goal of developing new therapeutic approaches to enhance the prognosis of keloid patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfei Liu
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinru Song
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Bin Yang
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Mathebula EM, Sengupta D, Govind N, Laufer VA, Bridges Jr SL, Tikly M, Ramsay M, Choudhury A. A genome-wide association study for rheumatoid arthritis replicates previous HLA and non-HLA associations in a cohort from South Africa. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:4286-4294. [PMID: 35925860 PMCID: PMC9759327 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not fully understood, with few studies exploring the genomic contribution to RA in patients from Africa. We report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of South-Eastern Bantu-Speaking South Africans (SEBSSAs) with seropositive RA (n = 531) and population controls (n = 2653). Association testing was performed using PLINK (logistic regression assuming an additive model) with sex, age, smoking and the first three principal components as covariates. The strong association with the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) region, indexed by rs602457 (near HLA-DRB1), was replicated. An additional independent signal in the HLA region represented by the lead SNP rs2523593 (near the HLA-B gene; Conditional P-value = 6.4 × 10-10) was detected. Although none of the non-HLA signals reached genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8), 17 genomic regions showed suggestive association (P < 5 × 10-6). The GWAS replicated two known non-HLA associations with MMEL1 (rs2843401) and ANKRD55 (rs7731626) at a threshold of P < 5 × 10-3 providing, for the first time, evidence for replication of non-HLA signals for RA in sub-Saharan African populations. Meta-analysis with summary statistics from an African-American cohort (CLEAR study) replicated three additional non-HLA signals (rs11571302, rs2558210 and rs2422345 around KRT18P39-NPM1P33, CTLA4-ICOS and AL645568.1, respectively). Analysis based on genomic regions (200 kb windows) further replicated previously reported non-HLA signals around PADI4, CD28 and LIMK1. Although allele frequencies were overall strongly correlated between the SEBSSA and the CLEAR cohort, we observed some differences in effect size estimates for associated loci. The study highlights the need for conducting larger association studies across diverse African populations to inform precision medicine-based approaches for RA in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nimmisha Govind
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa,Division of Rheumatology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1864, South Africa
| | - Vincent A Laufer
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA,University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Scientist Training Program (UAB MSTP), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - S Louis Bridges Jr
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA and Division of Rheumatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Mohammed Tikly
- Division of Rheumatology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1864, South Africa
| | | | - Ananyo Choudhury
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: University of the Witwatersrand, Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience. Tel: +27(0)11 717 6635;
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29
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Ud-Din S, Bayat A. Controlling Inflammation Pre-Emptively or at the Time of Cutaneous Injury Optimises Outcome of Skin Scarring. Front Immunol 2022; 13:883239. [PMID: 35711461 PMCID: PMC9197255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an active role during the wound healing process. There is a direct association between the extent of injury as well as inflammation and the amount of subsequent cutaneous scarring. Evidence to date demonstrates that high levels of inflammation are associated with excessive dermal scarring and formation of abnormal pathological scars such as keloids and hypertrophic scars. In view of the multiple important cell types being involved in the inflammatory process and their influence on the extent of scar formation, many scar therapies should aim to target these cells in order to control inflammation and by association help improve scar outcome. However, most current treatment strategies for the management of a newly formed skin scar often adopt a watch-and-wait approach prior to commencing targeted anti-inflammatory therapy. Moreover, most of these therapies have been evaluated in the remodelling phase of wound healing and the evaluation of anti-inflammatory treatments at earlier stages of healing have not been fully explored and remain limited. Taken together, in order to minimise the risk of developing a poor scar outcome, it is clear that adopting an early intervention prior to skin injury would be optimal, however, the concept of pre-emptively priming the skin prior to injury has not yet been thoroughly evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this review was to evaluate the available literature regarding scar therapies that aim to target inflammation which are commenced prior to when a scar is formed or immediately after injury, with a particular focus on the role of pre-emptive priming of skin prior to injury in order to control inflammation for the prevention of poor scarring outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ud-Din
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council - South Africa (MRC-SA) Wound Healing Unit, Division of Dermatology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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30
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Hasebe R, Murakami K, Harada M, Halaka N, Nakagawa H, Kawano F, Ohira Y, Kawamoto T, Yull FE, Blackwell TS, Nio-Kobayashi J, Iwanaga T, Watanabe M, Watanabe N, Hotta H, Yamashita T, Kamimura D, Tanaka Y, Murakami M. ATP spreads inflammation to other limbs through crosstalk between sensory neurons and interneurons. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213221. [PMID: 35579694 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural circuits between lesions are one mechanism through which local inflammation spreads to remote positions. Here, we show the inflammatory signal on one side of the joint is spread to the other side via sensory neuron-interneuron crosstalk, with ATP at the core. Surgical ablation or pharmacological inhibition of this neural pathway prevented inflammation development on the other side. Mechanistic analysis showed that ATP serves as both a neurotransmitter and an inflammation enhancer, thus acting as an intermediary between the local inflammation and neural pathway that induces inflammation on the other side. These results suggest blockade of this neural pathway, which is named the remote inflammation gateway reflex, may have therapeutic value for inflammatory diseases, particularly those, such as rheumatoid arthritis, in which inflammation spreads to remote positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Hasebe
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaya Harada
- Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nada Halaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kawano
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ohira
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kawamoto
- Radioisotope Research Institute, Department of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Junko Nio-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Iwanaga
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Hotta
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Group of Quantumimmunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan.,Group of Quantumimmunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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31
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Ogawa R. The Most Current Algorithms for the Treatment and Prevention of Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids: A 2020 Update of the Algorithms Published 10 Years Ago. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 149:79e-94e. [PMID: 34813576 PMCID: PMC8687618 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000008667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2010, this Journal published my comprehensive review of the literature on hypertrophic scars and keloids. In that article, I presented evidence-based algorithms for the prevention and treatment of these refractory pathologic scars. In the ensuing decade, substantial progress has been made in the field, including many new randomized controlled trials. To reflect this, I have updated my review. METHODS All studies were evaluated for methodologic quality. Baseline characteristics of patients were extracted along with the interventions and their outcomes. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and comprehensive reviews were included if available. RESULTS Risk factors that promote hypertrophic scar and keloid growth include local factors (tension on the wound/scar), systemic factors (e.g., hypertension), genetic factors (e.g., single-nucleotide polymorphisms), and lifestyle factors. Treatment of hypertrophic scars depends on scar contracture severity: if severe, surgery is the first choice. If not, conservative therapies are indicated. Keloid treatment depends on whether they are small and single or large and multiple. Small and single keloids can be treated radically by surgery with adjuvant therapy (e.g., radiotherapy) or multimodal conservative therapy. For large and multiple keloids, volume- and number-reducing surgery is a choice. Regardless of the treatment(s), patients should be followed up over the long term. Conservative therapies, including gel sheets, tape fixation, topical and injected external agents, oral agents, and makeup therapy, should be administered on a case-by-case basis. CONCLUSIONS Randomized controlled trials on pathologic scar management have increased markedly over the past decade. Although these studies suffer from various limitations, they have greatly improved hypertrophic scar and keloid management. Future high-quality trials are likely to improve the current hypertrophic scar and keloid treatment algorithms further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Ogawa
- From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School
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32
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Yan S, Ripamonti R, Kawabe H, Ben-Yehuda Greenwald M, Werner S. NEDD4-1 is a key regulator of epidermal homeostasis and wound repair. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1703-1713.e11. [PMID: 34756879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-1 plays key roles in organ development, tissue homeostasis and cancer, but its functions in the skin are largely unknown. Here we show perturbations in keratinocyte proliferation and terminal differentiation, epidermal barrier function, and hair follicle cycling as well as increased UV-induced apoptosis in mice lacking Nedd4-1 in keratinocytes. In particular, re-epithelialization of full-thickness excisional wounds was delayed in the mutant mice. This was caused by severely impaired migration and proliferation of Nedd4-1-deficient keratinocytes. Therefore, a few keratinocytes, which had escaped recombination and expressed Nedd4-1, obtained a growth advantage and contributed to re-epithelialization. Mechanistically, Nedd4-1-deficient keratinocytes failed to efficiently activate the Erk1/2 mitogen-activated kinases and the YAP transcriptional co-activator. These results identify Nedd4-1 as an essential player in wound repair through its effect on mitogenic and motogenic signaling pathways in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Yan
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Ripamonti
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hiroshi Kawabe
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 317-8511, Japan
| | - Maya Ben-Yehuda Greenwald
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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33
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Yu Y, Wu H, Zhang Q, Ogawa R, Fu S. Emerging insights into the immunological aspects of keloids. J Dermatol 2021; 48:1817-1826. [PMID: 34549462 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A special kind of scar, keloid, sometimes grows huge, disturbing patients in different ways. We discussed the pathogenesis of keloids and found researches about fibroblasts and collagen disorders, with little emphasis on immunity. Coupled with few effective treatments in keloid at present, we have focused on the immunological mechanisms of keloids with an aim to unravel some new therapeutic approaches in the future. In this review, the immunological processes are separately illustrated by the classification of different immune cells. In addition, we also discuss possible reasons for the repeated recurrence of keloids, the phenomenon of cell talks, and inflammation-related signal pathways involved in the pathogenesis of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyiyi Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rei Ogawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Siqi Fu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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34
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Chen Z, Gao Z, Xia L, Wang X, Lu L, Wu X. Dysregulation of DPP4-CXCL12 Balance by TGF-β1/SMAD Pathway Promotes CXCR4 + Inflammatory Cell Infiltration in Keloid Scars. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4169-4180. [PMID: 34483675 PMCID: PMC8408422 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s326385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recent studies have confirmed the important role of chronic inflammation in keloid; however, mechanism of chronic inflammation in keloid tissue remains largely unclear, especially the dynamic of infiltrated inflammatory cells. Patients and Methods Tissue and blood samples collected from keloid patients and healthy subjects were studied by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Fibroblasts from keloid scars and normal skin were isolated by enzymic digestion. Results We found that CXCL12 expression was elevated which was correlated with decreased dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) expression in keloid scars relative to mature scars. In vitro studies suggested that autocrine transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in keloid-derived fibroblasts negatively regulated DPP4 expression which inhibited the reduction of extracellular CXCL12 levels by DPP4. Furthermore, immunofluorescence showed that most fibroblasts in keloid scars were DPP4lowTGFβ1high compared with DPP4highTGFβ1low fibroblasts in normal skin tissue, which facilitated extracellular CXCL12 accumulation in fibroblasts in keloid scars. Furthermore, we found that most circulating leukocytes in peripheral blood and tissue-infiltrated inflammatory cells in keloid scars expressed the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) instead of CXCR7, indicating that the chemotaxis driven by CXCL12 is likely to be mediated mainly by CXCR4. Conclusion Our study indicated that the TGF-β/DPP4/CXCL12 axis may contribute to chronic inflammation in keloid scars by recruiting inflammatory cells through the CXCR4 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZongAn Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - LingLing Xia
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoQing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - LiMing Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoLi Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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35
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Shimoyama S, Nakagawa I, Jiang JJ, Matsumoto I, Chiorini JA, Hasegawa Y, Ohara O, Hasebe R, Ota M, Uchida M, Kamimura D, Hojyo S, Tanaka Y, Atsumi T, Murakami M. Sjögren's syndrome-associated SNPs increase GTF2I expression in salivary gland cells to enhance inflammation development. Int Immunol 2021; 33:423-434. [PMID: 34036345 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation with lymphoid infiltration and destruction of the salivary glands. Although many genome-wide association studies have revealed disease-associated risk alleles, the functions of the majority of these alleles are unclear. Here, we show previously unrecognized roles of GTF2I molecules by using two SS-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs73366469 and rs117026326 (GTF2I SNPs). We found that the risk alleles of GTF2I SNPs increased GTF2I expression and enhanced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human salivary gland cells via the NF-κB p65 subunit. Indeed, the knockdown of GTF2I suppressed inflammatory responses in mouse endothelial cells and in vivo. Conversely, the over-expression of GTF2I enhanced NF-κB reporter activity depending on its p65-binding N-terminal leucine zipper domain. GTF2I is highly expressed in the human salivary gland cells of SS patients expressing the risk alleles. Consistently, the risk alleles of GTF2I SNPs were strongly associated with activation of the IL-6 amplifier, which is hyperactivation machinery of the NF-κB pathway, and lymphoid infiltration in the salivary glands of SS patients. These results demonstrated that GTF2I expression in salivary glands is increased in the presence of the risk alleles of GTF2I SNPs, resulting in activation of the NF-κB pathway in salivary gland cells. They also suggest that GTF2I could be a new therapeutic target for SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Shimoyama
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Ikuma Nakagawa
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan.,Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian 710069, China
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Major of Advanced Biological Applications, Graduate School Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 3050006, Japan
| | - John A Chiorini
- AAV Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Omics Research, Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 2920818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Laboratory of Clinical Omics Research, Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 2920818, Japan
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Ota
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Mona Uchida
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600815, Japan
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36
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Yan Z, Zhang W, Xu P, Zheng W, Lin X, Zhou J, Chen J, He QY, Zhong J, Guo J, Cheng B, Wang T. Phosphoproteome and Biological Evidence Revealed Abnormal Calcium Homeostasis in Keloid Fibroblasts and Induction of Aberrant Platelet Aggregation. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2521-2532. [PMID: 33710899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Keloid is a benign tumor characterized by persistent inflammation, increased fibroblast proliferation, and abnormal deposition of collagen in the wound. The etiology of keloid is unclear. Here, we explored the phospho-signaling changes in human keloid fibroblasts via phosphoproteome mass spectrometry analysis. We found that comparative phosphoproteomics could statistically distinguish keloid from control fibroblasts. Differentially expressed phosphoproteins could predict the activation of known keloid-relevant upstream regulators including transforming growth factor-β1, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-5. With multiple bioinformatics analyses, phosphorylated FLNA, TLN1, and VCL were significantly enriched in terms of calcium homeostasis and platelet aggregation. We biologically verified that keloid fibroblasts had a higher level of Ca2+ influx than the control fibroblasts upon ionomycin stimulation. Via co-cultivation analysis, we found that human keloid fibroblasts could directly promote platelet aggregation. As suggested by PhosphoPath and gene set enrichment analysis, pFLNA was centered as the top phosphoproteins associated with keloid phenotypes. We validated that pFLNA was upregulated both in keloid fibroblasts and keloid tissue section, implicating its biomarker potential. In conclusion, we reported the first phosphoproteome on keloid fibroblasts, based on which we revealed that keloid fibroblasts had aberrant calcium homeostasis and could directly induce platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Wanling Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jianwu Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yu He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jingxiang Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jiahui Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P. R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
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37
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Shen W, Zhang Z, Ma J, Lu D, Lyu L. The Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Skin Fibrosis. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:29-40. [PMID: 33433895 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a highly conserved way to regulate protein turnover in cells. The UPS hydrolyzes and destroys variant or misfolded proteins and finely regulates proteins involved in differentiation, apoptosis, and other biological processes. This system is a key regulatory factor in the proliferation, differentiation, and collagen secretion of skin fibroblasts. E3 ubiquitin protein ligases Parkin and NEDD4 regulate multiple signaling pathways in keloid. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) binding with deubiquitinase USP10 can induce p53 destabilization and promote keloid-derived fibroblast proliferation. The UPS participates in the occurrence and development of hypertrophic scars by regulating the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling pathway. An initial study suggests that TNFα-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) polymorphisms may be significantly associated with scleroderma susceptibility in individuals of Caucasian descent. Sumoylation and multiple ubiquitin ligases, including Smurfs, UFD2, and KLHL42, play vital roles in scleroderma by targeting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. In the future, drugs targeting E3 ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes have great potential for the treatment of skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Shen
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiaqing Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Di Lu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Lechun Lyu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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38
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Macarak EJ, Wermuth PJ, Rosenbloom J, Uitto J. Keloid disorder: Fibroblast differentiation and gene expression profile in fibrotic skin diseases. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:132-145. [PMID: 33211348 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Keloid disorder, a group of fibroproliferative skin diseases, is characterized by unremitting accumulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissue, primarily collagen, to develop cutaneous tumors on the predilection sites of skin. There is a strong genetic predisposition for keloid formation, and individuals of African and Asian ancestry are particularly prone. The principal cell type responsible for ECM accumulation is the myofibroblast derived from quiescent resident skin fibroblasts either through trans-differentiation or from keloid progenitor stem cells with capacity for multi-lineage differentiation and self-renewal. The biosynthetic pathways leading to ECM accumulation are activated by several cytokines, but particularly by TGF-β signalling. The mechanical properties of the cellular microenvironment also play a critical role in the cell's response to TGF-β, as demonstrated by culturing of fibroblasts derived from keloids and control skin on substrata with different degrees of stiffness. These studies also demonstrated that culturing of fibroblasts on tissue culture plastic in vitro does not reflect their biosynthetic capacity in vivo. Collectively, our current understanding of the pathogenesis of keloids suggests a complex network of interacting cellular, molecular and mechanical factors, with distinct pathways leading to myofibroblast differentiation and activation. Keloids can serve as a model system of fibrotic diseases, a group of currently intractable disorders, and deciphering of the critical pathogenetic steps leading to ECM accumulation is expected to identify targets for pharmacologic intervention, not only for keloids but also for a number of other, both genetic and acquired, fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Macarak
- The Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Center for Fibrotic Diseases, and the Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter J Wermuth
- The Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Center for Fibrotic Diseases, and the Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joel Rosenbloom
- The Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Center for Fibrotic Diseases, and the Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jouni Uitto
- The Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Center for Fibrotic Diseases, and the Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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39
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Higuchi H, Kamimura D, Jiang JJ, Atsumi T, Iwami D, Hotta K, Harada H, Takada Y, Kanno-Okada H, Hatanaka KC, Tanaka Y, Shinohara N, Murakami M. Orosomucoid 1 is involved in the development of chronic allograft rejection after kidney transplantation. Int Immunol 2020; 32:335-346. [PMID: 31930291 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic allograft rejection is the most common cause of long-term allograft failure. One reason is that current diagnostics and therapeutics for chronic allograft rejection are very limited. We here show that enhanced NFκB signaling in kidney grafts contributes to chronic active antibody-mediated rejection (CAAMR), which is a major pathology of chronic kidney allograft rejections. Moreover, we found that urinary orosomucoid 1 (ORM1) is a candidate marker molecule and therapeutic target for CAAMR. Indeed, urinary ORM1 concentration was significantly higher in kidney transplant recipients pathologically diagnosed with CAAMR than in kidney transplant recipients with normal histology, calcineurin inhibitor toxicity, or interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Additionally, we found that kidney biopsy samples with CAAMR expressed more ORM1 and had higher NFκB and STAT3 activation in tubular cells than samples from non-CAAMR samples. Consistently, ORM1 production was induced after cytokine-mediated NFκB and STAT3 activation in primary kidney tubular cells. The loss- and gain-of-function of ORM1 suppressed and promoted NFκB activation, respectively. Finally, ORM1-enhanced NFκB-mediated inflammation development in vivo. These results suggest that an enhanced NFκB-dependent pathway following NFκB and STAT3 activation in the grafts is involved in the development of chronic allograft rejection after kidney transplantation and that ORM1 is a non-invasive candidate biomarker and possible therapeutic target for chronic kidney allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Higuchi
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Toru Atsumi
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daiki Iwami
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Hotta
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Department of Kidney Transplant Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takada
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kanno-Okada
- Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Kanako C Hatanaka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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40
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Lin PT, Xue XD, Zhao ZD, Lu JY, Xie PL. Necrostatin-1, RIP1/RIP3 inhibitor, relieves transforming growth factor β-induced wound-healing process in formation of hypertrophic scars. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:2612-2618. [PMID: 33237588 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic scars (HS) are common pathologic processes emerged during wound-healing process. The receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIP) might participate in keloid formation. AIMS This study aimed to investigate Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), a RIP1/RIP3 inhibitor, in the formation of hypertrophic scar. METHODS Human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSF) were extracted from patients with hypertrophic scar. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was performed to induce wound-healing process including cell proliferation (CCK-8, Flow cytometry, and Western blot), migration (Transwell assay, Western blot), collagen production (Western blot), and extracellular matrix dysfunction (Western blotting and immunofluorescence). RESULTS Our results reported that Nec-1 inhibited TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation and promoted G0/G1 phase arrest in HSF. In addition, Nec-1 attenuated TGF-β1-induced cell migration and inhibited the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in TGF-β1-induced HSF. Besides, Nec-1 also reduced TGF-β1-induced collagen production and α-smooth muscle actin expression in HSF. CONCLUSIONS The present data in this study showed the potential role of Nec-1 as a novel treatment for HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ting Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Xue
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Dong Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun-Yang Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pei-Lin Xie
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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41
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Wang ZC, Zhao WY, Cao Y, Liu YQ, Sun Q, Shi P, Cai JQ, Shen XZ, Tan WQ. The Roles of Inflammation in Keloid and Hypertrophic Scars. Front Immunol 2020; 11:603187. [PMID: 33343575 PMCID: PMC7746641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of wound healing are complex but inflammation is one of the determining factors. Besides its traditional role in combating against infection upon injury, the characteristics and magnitude of inflammation have dramatic impacts on the pathogenesis of scar. Keloids and hypertrophic scars are pathological scars that result from aberrant wound healing. They are characterized by continuous local inflammation and excessive collagen deposition. In this review, we aim at discussing how dysregulated inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of scar formation. Immune cells, soluble inflammatory mediators, and the related intracellular signal transduction pathways are our three subtopics encompassing the events occurring in inflammation associated with scar formation. In the end, we enumerate the current and potential medicines and therapeutics for suppressing inflammation and limiting progression to scar. Understanding the initiation, progression, and resolution of inflammation will provide insights into the mechanisms of scar formation and is useful for developing effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Cai Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Yi Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Qi Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qihang Sun
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Qin Cai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Z Shen
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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42
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Wang Q, Wang P, Qin Z, Yang X, Pan B, Nie F, Bi H. Altered glucose metabolism and cell function in keloid fibroblasts under hypoxia. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101815. [PMID: 33278780 PMCID: PMC7718484 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Keloids exhibit metabolic reprogramming including enhanced glycolysis and attenuated oxidative phosphorylation. Hypoxia induces a series of protective responses in mammalian cells. However, the metabolic phenotype of keloid fibroblasts under hypoxic conditions remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate glycolytic activity, mitochondrial function and morphology, and the HIF1α and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in keloid fibroblasts (KFB) under hypoxic conditions. Our results showed that hypoxia promoted proliferation, migration invasion and collagen synthesis and inhibited apoptosis in KFB. The mRNA levels, protein expressions and enzyme activities of glycolytic enzymes in KFB were higher than those in normal skin fibroblasts (NFB) under normoxia. Moreover, hypoxia remarkedly upregulated glycolysis in KFB. Decreased activities of mitochondrial complexes and abnormal mitochondria were detected in KFB under normoxic conditions and the damage was aggravated by hypoxia. An intracellular metabolic profile assay suggested hypoxia increased glycolytic parameters except glycolytic reserve but inhibited the key parameters of mitochondrial function apart from H+ leak. Protein levels of HIF1α and phosphorylation levels of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were upregulated in the context of 3% oxygen. Enhanced total reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) and antioxidant activities of KFB were observed in response to hypoxia. Additionally, autophagy was induced by hypoxia. Our data collectively demonstrated potentiated glycolysis and attenuated mitochondrial function under hypoxia, indicating that altered glucose metabolism regulated by hypoxia could be a therapeutic target for keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zelian Qin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Bailin Pan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfei Nie
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsen Bi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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Wu J, Del Duca E, Espino M, Gontzes A, Cueto I, Zhang N, Estrada YD, Pavel AB, Krueger JG, Guttman-Yassky E. RNA Sequencing Keloid Transcriptome Associates Keloids With Th2, Th1, Th17/Th22, and JAK3-Skewing. Front Immunol 2020; 11:597741. [PMID: 33329590 PMCID: PMC7719808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.597741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Keloids are disfiguring, fibroproliferative growths and their pathogenesis remains unclear, inhibiting therapeutic development. Available treatment options have limited efficacy and harbor safety concerns. Thus, there is a great need to clarify keloid pathomechanisms that may lead to novel treatments. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the profile of lesional and non-lesional keloid skin compared to normal skin. We performed gene (RNAseq, qRT-PCR) and protein (immunohistochemistry) expression analyses on biopsy specimens obtained from lesional and non-lesional skin of African American (AA) keloid patients compared to healthy skin from AA controls. Fold-change≥2 and false-discovery rate (FDR)<0.05 was used to define significance. We found that lesional versus normal skin showed significant up-regulation of markers of T-cell activation/migration (ICOS, CCR7), Th2- (IL-4R, CCL11, TNFSF4/OX40L), Th1- (CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCL11), Th17/Th22- (CCL20, S100As) pathways, and JAK/STAT-signaling (JAK3) (false-discovery rate [FDR]<0.05). Non-lesional skin also exhibited similar trends. We observed increased cellular infiltrates in keloid tissues, including T-cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, as well as greater IL-4rα+, CCR9+, and periostin+ immunostaining. In sum, comprehensive molecular profiling demonstrated that both lesional and non-lesional skin show significant immune alternations, and particularly Th2 and JAK3 expression. This advocates for the investigation of novel treatments targeting the Th2 axis and/or JAK/STAT-signaling in keloid patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianni Wu
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,College of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Ester Del Duca
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Espino
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alyssa Gontzes
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Inna Cueto
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ning Zhang
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yeriel D Estrada
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ana B Pavel
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
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44
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Hojyo S, Uchida M, Tanaka K, Hasebe R, Tanaka Y, Murakami M, Hirano T. How COVID-19 induces cytokine storm with high mortality. Inflamm Regen 2020. [PMID: 33014208 DOI: 10.1186/s41232‐020‐00146‐3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China, but has rapidly spread all over the world. Some COVID-19 patients encounter a severe symptom of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with high mortality. This high severity is dependent on a cytokine storm, most likely induced by the interleukin-6 (IL-6) amplifier, which is hyper-activation machinery that regulates the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and stimulated by the simultaneous activation of IL-6-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and NF-κB signaling in non-immune cells including alveolar epithelial cells and endothelial cells. We hypothesize that IL-6-STAT3 signaling is a promising therapeutic target for the cytokine storm in COVID-19, because IL-6 is a major STAT3 stimulator, particularly during inflammation. We herein review the pathogenic mechanism and potential therapeutic targets of ARDS in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Hojyo
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Mona Uchida
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Kumiko Tanaka
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Toshio Hirano
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan.,Headquarters, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555 Japan
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45
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Hojyo S, Uchida M, Tanaka K, Hasebe R, Tanaka Y, Murakami M, Hirano T. How COVID-19 induces cytokine storm with high mortality. Inflamm Regen 2020; 40:37. [PMID: 33014208 PMCID: PMC7527296 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The newly emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China, but has rapidly spread all over the world. Some COVID-19 patients encounter a severe symptom of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with high mortality. This high severity is dependent on a cytokine storm, most likely induced by the interleukin-6 (IL-6) amplifier, which is hyper-activation machinery that regulates the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and stimulated by the simultaneous activation of IL-6-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and NF-κB signaling in non-immune cells including alveolar epithelial cells and endothelial cells. We hypothesize that IL-6-STAT3 signaling is a promising therapeutic target for the cytokine storm in COVID-19, because IL-6 is a major STAT3 stimulator, particularly during inflammation. We herein review the pathogenic mechanism and potential therapeutic targets of ARDS in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Hojyo
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Mona Uchida
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Kumiko Tanaka
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Toshio Hirano
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan.,Headquarters, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555 Japan
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Farag AGA, Khaled HN, Hammam MA, Elshaib ME, Tayel NR, Hommos SEI, El Gayed EMA. Neuronal Precursor Cell Expressed Developmentally Down Regulated 4 (NEDD4) Gene Polymorphism Contributes to Keloid Development in Egyptian Population. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2020; 13:649-656. [PMID: 32943899 PMCID: PMC7467735 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s253603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Keloids represent chronic fibroproliferative skin disorders in which there is deposition of extracellular components, especially type 1 collagen, fibronectin and elastin, in excessive amounts. NEDD4 is associated with fibrosis found in abnormal wound healing through increased fibroblast proliferation and regulation of type 1 collagen expression. The exact etiology of keloid formation is undefined, but the role of genetic factors was demonstrated. Objective To investigate the polymorphism of the NEDD4 gene rs8032158 in a sample of Egyptian patients who have keloids. Methods The current case-control study was conducted in 160 unrelated subjects; 100 keloid patients and 60 ages and sex coincided with apparently healthy controls. All subjects underwent a complete history, and weight and length were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). The Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) was used to assess keloid severity. An analysis of the polymorphism of the NEDD4 gene rs8032158 T/C was performed using taqman allelic discrimination (real-time PCR). Results The rs8032158 CC genotype was observed significantly in keloid patients and increased the risk of keloid development by approximately 2 times (p = 0.003, OR = 1.80). The C allele significantly increased the risk of keloid development by approximately 2 times (P = 0.002, OR = 2.08). The carriers of the CC genotype were significantly associated with severe keloid form and with the highest VSS values. Conclusion The polymorphism of the NEDD4 gene rs8032158 could participate in the formation of keloids in the Egyptian population. The NEDD4 rs8032158 CC genotype may have a role in keloid severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza G A Farag
- Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Hesham N Khaled
- Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Hammam
- Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Nermin Reda Tayel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Genetic Engineering Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City, Egypt
| | | | - Eman Masoud Abd El Gayed
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
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Takada Y, Kamimura D, Jiang JJ, Higuchi H, Iwami D, Hotta K, Tanaka Y, Ota M, Higuchi M, Nishio S, Atsumi T, Shinohara N, Matsuno Y, Tsuji T, Tanabe T, Sasaki H, Iwahara N, Murakami M. Increased urinary exosomal SYT17 levels in chronic active antibody-mediated rejection after kidney transplantation via the IL-6 amplifier. Int Immunol 2020; 32:653-662. [PMID: 32369831 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic active antibody-mediated rejection (CAAMR) is a particular problem in kidney transplantation (KTx), and ~25% of grafts are lost by CAAMR. Further, the pathogenesis remains unclear, and there is no effective cure or marker. We previously found that a hyper NFκB-activating mechanism in non-immune cells, called the IL-6 amplifier, is induced by the co-activation of NFκB and STAT3, and that this activation can develop various chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, we show that synaptotagmin-17 (SYT17) is increased in an exosomal fraction of the urine from CAAMR patients, and that this increase is associated with activation of the IL-6 amplifier. Immunohistochemistry showed that SYT17 protein expression was increased in renal tubule cells of the CAAMR group. While SYT17 protein was not detectable in whole-urine samples by western blotting, urinary exosomal SYT17 levels were significantly elevated in the CAAMR group compared to three other histology groups (normal, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, and calcineurin inhibitors toxicity) after KTx. On the other hand, current clinical laboratory data could not differentiate the CAAMR group from these groups. These data suggest that urinary exosomal SYT17 is a potential diagnostic marker for CAAMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takada
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Haruka Higuchi
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daiki Iwami
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Hotta
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Ota
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Madoka Higuchi
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saori Nishio
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuji
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsu Tanabe
- Department of Kidney Transplant Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hajime Sasaki
- Department of Kidney Transplant Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Iwahara
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Ota M, Tanaka Y, Nakagawa I, Jiang JJ, Arima Y, Kamimura D, Onodera T, Iwasaki N, Murakami M. Role of Chondrocytes in the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis Via Transmembrane Protein 147-Mediated NF-κB Activation. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:931-942. [PMID: 31785076 DOI: 10.1002/art.41182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously reported that the coactivation of NF-κB and STAT3 in nonimmune cells, including synovial fibroblasts, enhances the expression of NF-κB target genes and plays a role in chronic inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to examine the role of NF-κB activation in chondrocytes and better understand the pathogenesis of RA. Furthermore, transmembrane protein 147 (TMEM147) was investigated as a representative NF-κB activator in chondrocytes. METHODS Clinical samples from RA patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Specimens obtained from patients with polydactyly were used as control samples. The functional contribution of chondrocytes and TMEM147 to arthritis was examined in several murine models of RA. In vitro experiments (quantitative polymerase chain reaction, RNA interference, immunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy) were performed to investigate the mechanism of action of TMEM147 in chondrocytes. RESULTS Samples obtained from RA patients and mouse models of RA showed coactivation of NF-κB and STAT3 in chondrocytes (P < 0.001). This coactivation induced a synergistic expression of NF-κB targets in vitro (P < 0.01). Chondrocyte-specific deletion of STAT3 significantly suppressed the development of cytokine-induced RA (P < 0.01). TMEM147 was highly expressed in chondrocytes from RA patient samples and the mouse models of RA. Gene silencing of TMEM147 or anti-TMEM147 antibody treatment inhibited the cytokine-mediated activation of NF-κB in vitro (P < 0.01) and suppressed cytokine-induced RA in vivo (P < 0.01). Mechanistically, TMEM147 molecules acted as scaffold proteins for the NF-κB complex, which included breakpoint cluster region and casein kinase 2, and enhanced NF-κB activity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that chondrocytes play a role in the development of RA via TMEM147-mediated NF-κB activation and indicate a novel therapeutic strategy for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Ota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Ikuma Nakagawa
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, and Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University,, Xian, China
| | - Yasunobu Arima
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Tomohiro Onodera
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University,, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University,, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
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Abstract
Keloids are pathological scars that grow over time and extend beyond the initial site of injury after impaired wound healing. These scars frequently recur and rarely regress. They are aesthetically disfiguring, can cause pain, itching, discomfort as well as psychological stress, often affecting quality of life. Many treatment modalities, including surgical and non-surgical, have been explored and have been reported to be beneficial; however, none have been absolutely satisfactory or optimal for the treatment of all keloid subtypes to date. This poses a major challenge to clinicians. Often, a combinational therapeutic approach appears to offer the best results with higher patient satisfaction compared to monotherapy. The aetiopathogenesis of keloids is not fully elucidated; however, with recent advances in molecular biology and genetics, insight is being gained on the complex process of scar formation and hence new therapeutic and management options for keloids. In this paper, we explore the literature and summarise the general concepts surrounding keloid development and review both current (corticosteroids, surgical excision, silicone-based products, pressure therapy, radiotherapy, cryotherapy, laser therapy, imiquimod and 5-fluorouracil) and emerging (stem cell therapy, mitomycin C, verapamil, interferons, bleomycin, botulinum toxin type A and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) treatments. Increased knowledge and understanding in this area may potentially lead to the discovery and development of novel therapeutic options that are more efficacious for all keloid types. LAY SUMMARY Keloids are problematic scars that are difficult to treat and manage. The aetiopathogenesis of keloids is not clear; however, recent advances in molecular biology and genetics are beginning to shed light on the underlying mechanisms implicated in keloid scar formation which will hopefully lead to the development of treatment options for all keloid types. This review summarises current and emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkemcho Ojeh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies
| | - Ambadasu Bharatha
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies
| | - Uma Gaur
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies
| | - Andrew LeRoy Forde
- Pine Medical Centre, 3rd Avenue Belleville, St. Michael, Barbados, West Indies
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50
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Wang Y, Yuan B, Qiao L, Yang H, Li X. STAT3 operates as a novel transcription factor that regulates NEDD4 in Keloid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:638-643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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