1
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Eggenhuizen PJ, Cheong RMY, Lo C, Chang J, Ng BH, Ting YT, Monk JA, Loh KL, Broury A, Tay ESV, Shen C, Zhong Y, Lim S, Chung JX, Kandane-Rathnayake R, Koelmeyer R, Hoi A, Chaudhry A, Manzanillo P, Snelgrove SL, Morand EF, Ooi JD. Smith-specific regulatory T cells halt the progression of lupus nephritis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:899. [PMID: 38321013 PMCID: PMC10847119 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress pathogenic autoreactivity and are potential therapeutic candidates for autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lupus nephritis is associated with autoreactivity to the Smith (Sm) autoantigen and the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR15 haplotype; hence, we investigated the potential of Sm-specific Tregs (Sm-Tregs) to suppress disease. Here we identify a HLA-DR15 restricted immunodominant Sm T cell epitope using biophysical affinity binding assays, then identify high-affinity Sm-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) using high-throughput single-cell sequencing. Using lentiviral vectors, we transduce our lead Sm-specific TCR into Tregs derived from patients with SLE who are anti-Sm and HLA-DR15 positive. Compared with polyclonal mock-transduced Tregs, Sm-Tregs potently suppress Sm-specific pro-inflammatory responses in vitro and suppress disease progression in a humanized mouse model of lupus nephritis. These results show that Sm-Tregs are a promising therapy for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Eggenhuizen
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel M Y Cheong
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Cecilia Lo
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Janet Chang
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Boaz H Ng
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Yi Tian Ting
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie A Monk
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Khai L Loh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashraf Broury
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Elean S V Tay
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Chanjuan Shen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhong
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Steven Lim
- Alfred Research Alliance Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jia Xi Chung
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rangi Kandane-Rathnayake
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel Koelmeyer
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Alberta Hoi
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Sarah L Snelgrove
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric F Morand
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Joshua D Ooi
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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2
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Shetab Boushehri S, Essig K, Chlis NK, Herter S, Bacac M, Theis FJ, Glasmacher E, Marr C, Schmich F. Explainable machine learning for profiling the immunological synapse and functional characterization of therapeutic antibodies. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7888. [PMID: 38036503 PMCID: PMC10689847 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies are widely used to treat severe diseases. Most of them alter immune cells and act within the immunological synapse; an essential cell-to-cell interaction to direct the humoral immune response. Although many antibody designs are generated and evaluated, a high-throughput tool for systematic antibody characterization and prediction of function is lacking. Here, we introduce the first comprehensive open-source framework, scifAI (single-cell imaging flow cytometry AI), for preprocessing, feature engineering, and explainable, predictive machine learning on imaging flow cytometry (IFC) data. Additionally, we generate the largest publicly available IFC dataset of the human immunological synapse containing over 2.8 million images. Using scifAI, we analyze class frequency and morphological changes under different immune stimulation. T cell cytokine production across multiple donors and therapeutic antibodies is quantitatively predicted in vitro, linking morphological features with function and demonstrating the potential to significantly impact antibody design. scifAI is universally applicable to IFC data. Given its modular architecture, it is straightforward to incorporate into existing workflows and analysis pipelines, e.g., for rapid antibody screening and functional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayedali Shetab Boushehri
- Institute of AI for Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Mathematics, Munich, Germany
- Data & Analytics (D&A), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Essig
- Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaos-Kosmas Chlis
- Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvia Herter
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Mathematics, Munich, Germany
| | - Elke Glasmacher
- Research and Early Development (RED), Roche Diagnostics Solutions, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Carsten Marr
- Institute of AI for Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Fabian Schmich
- Data & Analytics (D&A), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Golovacheva EG, Starikova EA, Kudryavtseva TA, Apryatina VA. The Effect of Drugs with α-Glutamyl-Tryptophan for Cytokine Secretion and Level of Surface Molecule ICAM-1 In Vitro. CELL AND TISSUE BIOLOGY 2023; 17:146-152. [PMID: 37131521 PMCID: PMC10134718 DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x23020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of immunomodulatory drugs is important for substantiating their therapeutic effect. In the present work, spontaneous and TNFα-induced secretion of IL-1α and IL-8 pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the level of the ICAM-1 adhesion molecule in EA.hy 926 endothelial cell culture and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors, is studied using an in vitro model of inflammation in the presence of α-glutamyl-tryptophan (α-Glu-Trp) and Cytovir-3. The aim was to evaluate cellular mechanisms mediating the immunomodulatory effect of α-Glu-Trp and Cytovir-3 drugs. It was shown that α-Glu-Trp reduced TNFα-induced IL-1α production and increased TNFα-stimulated level of the ICAM-1 surface molecule of endothelial cells. At the same time, the drug reduced secretion of the IL-8 cytokine induced by TNFα and increased the spontaneous level of ICAM-1 in mononuclear cells. Cytovir-3 had an activating effect on EA.hy 926 endothelial cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. In its presence, there was an increase in the spontaneous secretion of IL-8 by endothelial and mononuclear cells. In addition, Cytovir-3 increased the level of TNFα-induced ICAM-1 on endothelial cells and increased the spontaneous level of this surface molecule on mononuclear cells. Suppression of stimulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines under the action of α-Glu-Trp both separately and as a part of Cytovir-3 may determine its anti-inflammatory properties. However, an increased level of the surface ICAM-1 molecule indicates mechanisms that enhance the functional activity of these cells, which is equally important for the implementation of an effective immune response to infection and repair of damaged tissues during inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. G. Golovacheva
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. A. Starikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Northwest Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Immunology, First Pavlov State Medical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T. A. Kudryavtseva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Northwest Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V. A. Apryatina
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia
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4
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Cho JH, Tsao WC, Naghizadeh A, Liu D. Standardized protocol for the evaluation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified cell immunological synapse quality using the glass-supported planar lipid bilayer. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 173:155-171. [PMID: 36653082 PMCID: PMC10768727 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified cell therapy is an effective therapy that harnesses the power of the human immune system by re-engineering immune cells that specifically kill tumor cells with tumor antigen specificity. Key to the effective elimination of tumor cells is the establishment of the immunological synapse (IS) between CAR-modified immune cells and their susceptible tumors. For functional activity, CAR-modified cells must form an effective IS to kill tumor cells specifically. The formation of the CAR-specific IS requires the coordination of many cellular processes including reorganization of the cytoskeletal structure, polarization of lytic granules, accumulation of tumor antigen, and phosphorylation of key signaling molecules within the IS. Visualization and assessment of the CAR IS quality can reveal much about the molecular mechanisms that underlie the efficacy of various CAR-modified immune cells. This chapter provides a standardized method of assessing the IS quality by quantifying the tumor antigen (defining the CAR IS formation), cytoskeleton (key component of CAR IS structure), and various molecules of interest involved in the IS formation (key molecular mechanism signatures of CAR IS function) using immunofluorescence on the glass-supported planar lipid bilayer, with a focus on tumor antigen only in this study. We provide specific insights and helpful tips for reagent and sample preparation, assay design, and machine learning (ML)-based data analysis. The protocol described in this chapter will provide a valuable tool to visualize and assess the IS quality of various CAR-modified immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Cho
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Wei-Chung Tsao
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Alireza Naghizadeh
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States.
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5
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Pylaeva E, Korschunow G, Spyra I, Bordbari S, Siakaeva E, Ozel I, Domnich M, Squire A, Hasenberg A, Thangavelu K, Hussain T, Goetz M, Lang KS, Gunzer M, Hansen W, Buer J, Bankfalvi A, Lang S, Jablonska J. During early stages of cancer, neutrophils initiate anti-tumor immune responses in tumor-draining lymph nodes. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111171. [PMID: 35977505 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-draining lymph nodes (LNs) play a crucial role during cancer spread and in initiation of anti-cancer adaptive immunity. Neutrophils form a substantial population of cells in LNs with poorly understood functions. Here, we demonstrate that, during head and neck cancer (HNC) progression, tumor-associated neutrophils transmigrate to LNs and shape anti-tumor responses in a stage-dependent manner. In metastasis-free stages (N0), neutrophils develop an antigen-presenting phenotype (HLA-DR+CD80+CD86+ICAM1+PD-L1-) and stimulate T cells (CD27+Ki67highPD-1-). LN metastases release GM-CSF and via STAT3 trigger development of PD-L1+ immunosuppressive neutrophils, which repress T cell responses. The accumulation of neutrophils in T cell-rich zones of LNs in N0 constitutes a positive predictor for 5-year survival, while increased numbers of neutrophils in LNs of N1-3 stages predict poor prognosis in HNC. These results suggest a dual role of neutrophils as essential regulators of anti-cancer immunity in LNs and argue for approaches fostering immunostimulatory activity of these cells during cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Pylaeva
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Georg Korschunow
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ilona Spyra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sharareh Bordbari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Elena Siakaeva
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Irem Ozel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Maksim Domnich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Hasenberg
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Kruthika Thangavelu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Timon Hussain
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Moritz Goetz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Agnes Bankfalvi
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Düsseldorf/Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Düsseldorf/Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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6
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Waldman MM, Rahkola JT, Sigler AL, Chung JW, Willett BAS, Kedl RM, Friedman RS, Jacobelli J. Ena/VASP Protein-Mediated Actin Polymerization Contributes to Naïve CD8 + T Cell Activation and Expansion by Promoting T Cell-APC Interactions In Vivo. Front Immunol 2022; 13:856977. [PMID: 35757762 PMCID: PMC9222560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.856977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve T cell activation in secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes (LNs) occurs upon recognition of cognate antigen presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs). T cell activation requires cytoskeleton rearrangement and sustained interactions with APCs. Enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (Ena/VASP) proteins are a family of cytoskeletal effector proteins responsible for actin polymerization and are frequently found at the leading edge of motile cells. Ena/VASP proteins have been implicated in motility and adhesion in various cell types, but their role in primary T cell interstitial motility and activation has not been explored. Our goal was to determine the contribution of Ena/VASP proteins to T cell–APC interactions, T cell activation, and T cell expansion in vivo. Our results showed that naïve T cells from Ena/VASP-deficient mice have a significant reduction in antigen-specific T cell accumulation following Listeria monocytogenes infection. The kinetics of T cell expansion impairment were further confirmed in Ena/VASP-deficient T cells stimulated via dendritic cell immunization. To investigate the cause of this T cell expansion defect, we analyzed T cell–APC interactions in vivo by two-photon microscopy and observed fewer Ena/VASP-deficient naïve T cells interacting with APCs in LNs during priming. We also determined that Ena/VASP-deficient T cells formed conjugates with significantly less actin polymerization at the T cell–APC synapse, and that these conjugates were less stable than their WT counterparts. Finally, we found that Ena/VASP-deficient T cells have less LFA-1 polarized to the T cell–APC synapse. Thus, we conclude that Ena/VASP proteins contribute to T cell actin remodeling during T cell–APC interactions, which promotes the initiation of stable T cell conjugates during APC scanning. Therefore, Ena/VASP proteins are required for efficient activation and expansion of T cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique M Waldman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jeremy T Rahkola
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ashton L Sigler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Chung
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Benjamin A S Willett
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ross M Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rachel S Friedman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jordan Jacobelli
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
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7
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Bošnjak B, Do KTH, Förster R, Hammerschmidt SI. Imaging dendritic cell functions. Immunol Rev 2021; 306:137-163. [PMID: 34859450 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for the appropriate initiation of adaptive immune responses. During inflammation, DCs capture antigens, mature, and migrate to lymphoid tissues to present foreign material to naïve T cells. These cells get activated and differentiate either into pathogen-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells that destroy infected cells or into CD4+ T helper cells that, among other effector functions, orchestrate antibody production by B cells. DC-mediated antigen presentation is equally important in non-inflammatory conditions. Here, DCs mediate induction of tolerance by presenting self-antigens or harmless environmental antigens and induce differentiation of regulatory T cells or inactivation of self-reactive immune cells. Detailed insights into the biology of DCs are, therefore, crucial for the development of novel vaccines as well as the prevention of autoimmune diseases. As in many other life science areas, our understanding of DC biology would be extremely restricted without bioimaging, a compilation of methods that visualize biological processes. Spatiotemporal tracking of DCs relies on various imaging tools, which not only enable insights into their positioning and migration within tissues or entire organs but also allow visualization of subcellular and molecular processes. This review aims to provide an overview of the imaging toolbox and to provide examples of diverse imaging techniques used to obtain fundamental insights into DC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berislav Bošnjak
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kim Thi Hoang Do
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155) Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
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8
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Braun M, Aguilera AR, Sundarrajan A, Corvino D, Stannard K, Krumeich S, Das I, Lima LG, Meza Guzman LG, Li K, Li R, Salim N, Jorge MV, Ham S, Kelly G, Vari F, Lepletier A, Raghavendra A, Pearson S, Madore J, Jacquelin S, Effern M, Quine B, Koufariotis LT, Casey M, Nakamura K, Seo EY, Hölzel M, Geyer M, Kristiansen G, Taheri T, Ahern E, Hughes BGM, Wilmott JS, Long GV, Scolyer RA, Batstone MD, Landsberg J, Dietrich D, Pop OT, Flatz L, Dougall WC, Veillette A, Nicholson SE, Möller A, Johnston RJ, Martinet L, Smyth MJ, Bald T. CD155 on Tumor Cells Drives Resistance to Immunotherapy by Inducing the Degradation of the Activating Receptor CD226 in CD8 + T Cells. Immunity 2021; 53:805-823.e15. [PMID: 33053330 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The activating receptor CD226 is expressed on lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets and promotes anti-tumor immunity in pre-clinical models. Here, we examined the role of CD226 in the function of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and resistance to immunotherapy. In murine tumors, a large proportion of CD8+ TILs had decreased surface expression of CD226 and exhibited features of dysfunction, whereas CD226hi TILs were highly functional. This correlation was seen also in TILs isolated from HNSCC patients. Mutation of CD226 at tyrosine 319 (Y319) led to increased CD226 surface expression, enhanced anti-tumor immunity and improved efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Mechanistically, tumor-derived CD155, the ligand for CD226, initiated phosphorylation of Y319 by Src kinases, thereby enabling ubiquitination of CD226 by CBL-B, internalization, and proteasomal degradation. In pre-treatment samples from melanoma patients, CD226+CD8+ T cells correlated with improved progression-free survival following ICB. Our findings argue for the development of therapies aimed at maintaining the expression of CD226.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Braun
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia; Oncology and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Amelia Roman Aguilera
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Ashmitha Sundarrajan
- Oncology and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Dillon Corvino
- Oncology and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Kimberley Stannard
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia; Oncology and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Sophie Krumeich
- Oncology and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Indrajit Das
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Luize G Lima
- Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Lizeth G Meza Guzman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kunlun Li
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nazhifah Salim
- Oncology and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Maria Villancanas Jorge
- Oncology and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Sunyoung Ham
- Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Kelly
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Frank Vari
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Ailin Lepletier
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Ashwini Raghavendra
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Sally Pearson
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason Madore
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Sebastien Jacquelin
- Gordon and Jessie Gilmour Leukemia Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Maike Effern
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brodie Quine
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia; Oncology and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Lambros T Koufariotis
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Mika Casey
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Kyohei Nakamura
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Eun Y Seo
- Immuno-Oncology Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Geyer
- Institute of Structural Biology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Touraj Taheri
- Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland Herston, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Ahern
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland Herston, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett G M Hughes
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland Herston, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - James S Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin D Batstone
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland Herston, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oltin T Pop
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - William C Dougall
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - André Veillette
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sandra E Nicholson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert J Johnston
- Immuno-Oncology Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Ludovic Martinet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse F-31000, France
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.
| | - Tobias Bald
- Oncology and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.
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9
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Liu X, Xia X, Wang X, Zhou J, Sung LA, Long J, Geng X, Zeng Z, Yao W. Tropomodulin1 Expression Increases Upon Maturation in Dendritic Cells and Promotes Their Maturation and Immune Functions. Front Immunol 2021; 11:587441. [PMID: 33552047 PMCID: PMC7856346 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.587441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells. Upon maturation, DCs express costimulatory molecules and migrate to the lymph nodes to present antigens to T cells. The actin cytoskeleton plays key roles in multiple aspects of DC functions. However, little is known about the mechanisms and identities of actin-binding proteins that control DC maturation and maturation-associated functional changes. Tropomodulin1 (Tmod1), an actin-capping protein, controls actin depolymerization and nucleation. We found that Tmod1 was expressed in bone marrow-derived immature DCs and was significantly upregulated upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced DC maturation. By characterizing LPS-induced mature DCs (mDCs) from Tmod1 knockout mice, we found that compared with Tmod1+/+ mDCs, Tmod1-deficient mDCs exhibited lower surface expression of costimulatory molecules and chemokine receptors and reduced secretion of inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that Tmod1 deficiency retarded DC maturation. Tmod1-deficient mDCs also showed impaired random and chemotactic migration, deteriorated T-cell stimulatory ability, and reduced F-actin content and cell stiffness. Furthermore, Tmod1-deficient mDCs secreted high levels of IFN-β and IL-10 and induced immune tolerance in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model. Mechanistically, Tmod1 deficiency affected TLR4 signaling transduction, resulting in the decreased activity of MyD88-dependent NFκB and MAPK pathways but the increased activity of the TRIF/IRF3 pathway. Rescue with exogenous Tmod1 reversed the effect of Tmod1 deficiency on TLR4 signaling. Therefore, Tmod1 is critical in regulating DC maturation and immune functions by regulating TLR4 signaling and the actin cytoskeleton. Tmod1 may be a potential target for modulating DC functions, a strategy that would be beneficial for immunotherapy for several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmei Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Hemorheology Center, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Xia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Hemorheology Center, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xifu Wang
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Hemorheology Center, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lanping Amy Sung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jinhua Long
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xueyu Geng
- Hemorheology Center, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Weijuan Yao
- Hemorheology Center, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Center, Beijing, China
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10
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Zhang X, Mariano CF, Ando Y, Shen K. Bioengineering tools for probing intracellular events in T lymphocytes. WIREs Mech Dis 2020; 13:e1510. [PMID: 33073545 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes are the central coordinator and executor of many immune functions. The activation and function of T lymphocytes are mediated through the engagement of cell surface receptors and regulated by a myriad of intracellular signaling network. Bioengineering tools, including imaging modalities and fluorescent probes, have been developed and employed to elucidate the cellular events throughout the functional lifespan of T cells. A better understanding of these events can broaden our knowledge in the immune systems biology, as well as accelerate the development of effective diagnostics and immunotherapies. Here we review the commonly used and recently developed techniques and probes for monitoring T lymphocyte intracellular events, following the order of intracellular events in T cells from activation, signaling, metabolism to apoptosis. The techniques introduced here can be broadly applied to other immune cells and cell systems. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Immune System Diseases > Biomedical Engineering Infectious Diseases > Biomedical Engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chelsea F Mariano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yuta Ando
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Keyue Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,USC Stem Cell, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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11
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Ng SS, De Labastida Rivera F, Yan J, Corvino D, Das I, Zhang P, Kuns R, Chauhan SB, Hou J, Li XY, Frame TCM, McEnroe BA, Moore E, Na J, Engel JA, Soon MSF, Singh B, Kueh AJ, Herold MJ, Montes de Oca M, Singh SS, Bunn PT, Aguilera AR, Casey M, Braun M, Ghazanfari N, Wani S, Wang Y, Amante FH, Edwards CL, Haque A, Dougall WC, Singh OP, Baxter AG, Teng MWL, Loukas A, Daly NL, Cloonan N, Degli-Esposti MA, Uzonna J, Heath WR, Bald T, Tey SK, Nakamura K, Hill GR, Kumar R, Sundar S, Smyth MJ, Engwerda CR. The NK cell granule protein NKG7 regulates cytotoxic granule exocytosis and inflammation. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:1205-1218. [PMID: 32839608 PMCID: PMC7965849 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immune-modulating therapies have revolutionized the treatment of chronic diseases, particularly cancer. However, their success is restricted and there is a need to identify new therapeutic targets. Here, we show that natural killer cell granule protein 7 (NKG7) is a regulator of lymphocyte granule exocytosis and downstream inflammation in a broad range of diseases. NKG7 expressed by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells played key roles in promoting inflammation during visceral leishmaniasis and malaria-two important parasitic diseases. Additionally, NKG7 expressed by natural killer cells was critical for controlling cancer initiation, growth and metastasis. NKG7 function in natural killer and CD8+ T cells was linked with their ability to regulate the translocation of CD107a to the cell surface and kill cellular targets, while NKG7 also had a major impact on CD4+ T cell activation following infection. Thus, we report a novel therapeutic target expressed on a range of immune cells with functions in different immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna S Ng
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Juming Yan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dillon Corvino
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Indrajit Das
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ping Zhang
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rachel Kuns
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shashi Bhushan Chauhan
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Jiajie Hou
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xian-Yang Li
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Teija C M Frame
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benjamin A McEnroe
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eilish Moore
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jinrui Na
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica A Engel
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Megan S F Soon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bhawana Singh
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Andrew J Kueh
- Division of Blood Cells and Blood Cancer, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- Division of Blood Cells and Blood Cancer, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Siddharth Sankar Singh
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Patrick T Bunn
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy Roman Aguilera
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mika Casey
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthias Braun
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nazanin Ghazanfari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shivangi Wani
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yulin Wang
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona H Amante
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chelsea L Edwards
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ashraful Haque
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - William C Dougall
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Om Prakash Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Alan G Baxter
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michele W L Teng
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Norelle L Daly
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole Cloonan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mariapia A Degli-Esposti
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jude Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - William R Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tobias Bald
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Siok-Keen Tey
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kyohei Nakamura
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mark J Smyth
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Bednarczyk M, Stege H, Grabbe S, Bros M. β2 Integrins-Multi-Functional Leukocyte Receptors in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1402. [PMID: 32092981 PMCID: PMC7073085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
β2 integrins are heterodimeric surface receptors composed of a variable α (CD11a-CD11d) and a constant β (CD18) subunit and are specifically expressed by leukocytes. The α subunit defines the individual functional properties of the corresponding β2 integrin, but all β2 integrins show functional overlap. They mediate adhesion to other cells and to components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), orchestrate uptake of extracellular material like complement-opsonized pathogens, control cytoskeletal organization, and modulate cell signaling. This review aims to delineate the tremendous role of β2 integrins for immune functions as exemplified by the phenotype of LAD-I (leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1) patients that suffer from strong recurrent infections. These immune defects have been largely attributed to impaired migratory and phagocytic properties of polymorphonuclear granulocytes. The molecular base for this inherited disease is a functional impairment of β2 integrins due to mutations within the CD18 gene. LAD-I patients are also predisposed for autoimmune diseases. In agreement, polymorphisms within the CD11b gene have been associated with autoimmunity. Consequently, β2 integrins have received growing interest as targets in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, β2 integrin activity on leukocytes has been implicated in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (H.S.); (S.G.)
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13
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Wilson NA, Dylewski J, Degner KR, O'Neill MA, Reese SR, Hidalgo LG, Blaine J, Panzer SE. An in vitro model of antibody-mediated injury to glomerular endothelial cells: Upregulation of MHC class II and adhesion molecules. Transpl Immunol 2019; 58:101261. [PMID: 31887408 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2019.101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic active antibody-mediated rejection is a major cause of allograft failure in kidney transplantation. Microvascular inflammation and transplant glomerulopathy are defining pathologic features of chronic active antibody-mediated rejection and are associated with allograft failure. However, the mechanisms of leukocyte infiltration and glomerular endothelial cell injury remain unclear. We hypothesized MHC class II ligation on glomerular endothelial cells (GEnC) would result in upregulation of adhesion molecules and production of chemoattractants. A model of endothelial cell activation in the presence of antibodies to MHC classes I and II was used to determine the expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines. Murine GEnC were activated with IFNγ, which upregulated gene expression of β2-microglobulin (MHC class I), ICAM1, VCAM1, CCL2, CCL5, and IL-6. IFNγ stimulation of GEnC increased surface expression of MHC class I, MHC class II, ICAM1, and VCAM1. Incubation with antibodies directed at MHC class I or class II did not further enhance adhesion molecule expression. Multispectral imaging flow cytometry and confocal microscopy demonstrated MHC molecules co-localized with the adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1 on the GEnC surface. GEnC secretion of chemoattractants, CCL2 and CCL5, was increased by IFNγ stimulation. CCL2 production was further enhanced by incubation with sensitized plasma. Endothelial activation induces de novo expression of MHC class II molecules and increases surface expression of MHC class I, ICAM1 and VCAM1, which are all co-localized together. Maintaining the integrity and functionality of the glomerular endothelium is necessary to ensure survival of the allograft. IFNγ stimulation of GEnC propagates an inflammatory response with production of chemokines and co-localization of MHC and adhesion molecules on the GEnC surface, contributing to endothelial cell function as antigen presenting cells and an active player in allograft injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy A Wilson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - James Dylewski
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kenna R Degner
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Megan A O'Neill
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shannon R Reese
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Luis G Hidalgo
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Judith Blaine
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sarah E Panzer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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14
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Markey KA, Gartlan KH. Imaging Flow Cytometry to Assess Antigen-Presenting-Cell Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 125:e72. [PMID: 30840360 DOI: 10.1002/cpim.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This unit describes methods for quantifying phagocytosis and imaging the immunological synapse between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), with both techniques delivering valuable information about APC function. These aspects of APC biology have traditionally been challenging to quantify, and imaging flow cytometry, which harnesses the high-throughput nature of flow cytometry combined with the capacity of microscopy to deliver spatial localization, facilitates analysis of these APC functions in a fashion that was previously not possible. Imaging flow cytometry allows large numbers of events to be captured and large amounts of fluorescence data to be quantified at the physical location of markers of interest, both on the cell surface and in intracellular compartments, combining key features of traditional flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Markey
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kate H Gartlan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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15
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Wang P, Dong S, Zhao P, He X, Chen M. Direct loading of CTL epitopes onto MHC class I complexes on dendritic cell surface in vivo. Biomaterials 2018; 182:92-103. [PMID: 30107273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope vaccines are effective to induce CTL responses but require complex ex vivo DC preparation and epitope-loading. To take advantage of DC-based epitope vaccines without involving the ex vivo procedures, we aimed to develop carriers to directly load CTL epitopes onto DCs in vivo. Here, we first engineered a carrier consisting of a hydrophilic polypeptide, immune-tolerant elastin-like polypeptide (iTEP) and a substrate peptide of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (sMMP). The iTEP was able to solubilize CTL epitopes. CTL epitopes were connected to the carrier, iTEP-sMMP, through sMMP so that the epitopes can be cleaved from the carrier by MMP-9. iTEP-sMMP was found to release its epitope payloads in the DC culture media, which contained MMP-9 released from DCs. iTEP-sMMP allowed for the direct loading of CTL epitopes onto the surface MHC class I complexes of DCs. Importantly, iTEP-sMMP resulted in greater epitope presentation by DCs both in vitro and in vivo than a control carrier that cannot directly load epitopes. iTEP-sMMP also induced 2-fold stronger immune responses than the control carrier. To further enhance the direct epitope-loading strategy, we furnished iTEP-sMMP with an albumin-binding domain (ABD) and found the new carrier, ABD-iTEP-sMMP, had greater lymph node (LN) accumulation than iTEP-sMMP. ABD-iTEP-sMMP also resulted in greater immune responses than iTEP-sMMP by 1.5-fold. Importantly, ABD-iTEP-sMMP-delivered CTL epitope vaccine induced stronger immune responses than free CTL epitope vaccine. Taken together, these carriers utilized two physiological features of DCs to realize direct epitope-loading in vivo: the accumulation of DCs in LNs and MMP-9 released from DCs. These carriers are a potential substitute for DC-based CTL epitope vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shuyun Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mingnan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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16
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Habtamu M, Abebe M, Aseffa A, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Spurkland A, Abrahamsen G. In vitro analysis of antigen induced T cell-monocyte conjugates by imaging flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 2018; 460:93-100. [PMID: 29981305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of suitable correlates of immune protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. T cells and monocytes play key roles in host immunity against Mtb. Thus, a method that allows assessing their interaction would contribute to the understanding of immune regulation in tuberculosis (TB). We have established imaging flow cytometer (IFC) based in vitro assay for the analysis of early events in T cell-monocyte interaction, upstream of cytokine production and T cell proliferation. This was achieved through short term stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy Norwegian blood donors with Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). In our assay, we examined the kinetics of BCG uptake by monocytes using fluorescently labeled BCG and T cell-monocyte interaction based on synapse formation (CD3/TCR polarization). Our results showed that BCG stimulation induced a gradual increase in the proportion of conjugated T cells displaying NF-κB translocation to the nucleus in a time dependent manner, with the highest frequency observed at 6 h. We subsequently tested PBMC from a small cohort of active TB patients (n = 7) and observed a similar BCG induced NF-κB translocation in T cells conjugated with monocytes. The method allowed for simultaneous evaluation of T cell-monocyte conjugates and T cell activation as measured by NF-κB translocation, following short-term challenge of human PBMC with BCG. Whether this novel approach could serve as a diagnostic or prognostic marker needs to be investigated using a wide array of Mtb specific antigens in a larger cohort of patients with different TB infection status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Habtamu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway; Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Markos Abebe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise
- Department of Infectious Disease, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Spurkland
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Greger Abrahamsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway.
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17
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van der Gracht AMF, de Geus MAR, Camps MGM, Ruckwardt TJ, Sarris AJC, Bremmers J, Maurits E, Pawlak JB, Posthoorn MM, Bonger KM, Filippov DV, Overkleeft HS, Robillard MS, Ossendorp F, van Kasteren SI. Chemical Control over T-Cell Activation in Vivo Using Deprotection of trans-Cyclooctene-Modified Epitopes. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1569-1576. [PMID: 29733186 PMCID: PMC6006443 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Activation
of a cytotoxic T-cell is a complex multistep process,
and tools to study the molecular events and their dynamics that result
in T-cell activation in situ and in vivo are scarce. Here, we report the design and use of conditional epitopes
for time-controlled T-cell activation in vivo. We
show that trans-cyclooctene-protected SIINFEKL (with
the lysine amine masked) is unable to elicit the T-cell response characteristic
for the free SIINFEKL epitope. Epitope uncaging by means of an inverse-electron
demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) event restored T-cell activation
and provided temporal control of T-cell proliferation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk M. F. van der Gracht
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. R. de Geus
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel G. M. Camps
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tracy J. Ruckwardt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institute of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Building 40, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Alexi J. C. Sarris
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Bremmers
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elmer Maurits
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna B. Pawlak
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle M. Posthoorn
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly M. Bonger
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V. Filippov
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc S. Robillard
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander I. van Kasteren
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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Kasprowicz R, Rand E, O'Toole PJ, Signoret N. A correlative and quantitative imaging approach enabling characterization of primary cell-cell communication: Case of human CD4 + T cell-macrophage immunological synapses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8003. [PMID: 29789661 PMCID: PMC5964238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication engages signaling and spatiotemporal reorganization events driven by highly context-dependent and dynamic intercellular interactions, which are difficult to capture within heterogeneous primary cell cultures. Here, we present a straightforward correlative imaging approach utilizing commonly available instrumentation to sample large numbers of cell-cell interaction events, allowing qualitative and quantitative characterization of rare functioning cell-conjugates based on calcium signals. We applied this approach to examine a previously uncharacterized immunological synapse, investigating autologous human blood CD4+ T cells and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) forming functional conjugates in vitro. Populations of signaling conjugates were visualized, tracked and analyzed by combining live imaging, calcium recording and multivariate statistical analysis. Correlative immunofluorescence was added to quantify endogenous molecular recruitments at the cell-cell junction. By analyzing a large number of rare conjugates, we were able to define calcium signatures associated with different states of CD4+ T cell-MDM interactions. Quantitative image analysis of immunostained conjugates detected the propensity of endogenous T cell surface markers and intracellular organelles to polarize towards cell-cell junctions with high and sustained calcium signaling profiles, hence defining immunological synapses. Overall, we developed a broadly applicable approach enabling detailed single cell- and population-based investigations of rare cell-cell communication events with primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kasprowicz
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Rand
- Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J O'Toole
- Bioscience Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Signoret
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, United Kingdom.
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19
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Wang X, Walter M, Urak R, Weng L, Huynh C, Lim L, Wong CW, Chang WC, Thomas SH, Sanchez JF, Yang L, Brown CE, Pichiorri F, Htut M, Krishnan AY, Forman SJ. Lenalidomide Enhances the Function of CS1 Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Redirected T Cells Against Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:106-119. [PMID: 29061640 PMCID: PMC5991104 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Multiple myeloma remains an incurable malignancy of plasma cells despite considerable advances in treatment. The purpose of the study was to develop novel chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) for the treatment of multiple myeloma and explore combinatorial therapy using CAR T cells and immunomodulatory drugs such as lenalidomide for increasing treatment efficacy.Experimental Design: We redirected central memory T cells to express second-generation CAR-specific for CS1 and adoptively transferred them into multiple myeloma tumor-bearing mice to test their anti-multiple myeloma activity. CS1 CAR T cells were transduced and expanded in the presence of lenalidomide in vitro The phenotype and effector function of CS1 CAR T cells treated with and without lenalidomide were compared. Finally, CS1 CAR T cells and lenalidomide were administered to treat multiple myeloma-bearing mice as combinatorial therapy.Results: CS1 CAR T cells exhibited efficient antitumor activity when adoptively transferred into mice. Mechanistic studies indicated that the addition of lenalidomide during CS1 CAR T-cell expansion in vitro enhanced the immune functions of CS1 CAR T cells, including cytotoxicity, memory maintenance, Th1 cytokine production, and immune synapse formation. Furthermore, lenalidomide enhanced the antitumor activity and persistence of adoptively transferred CS1 CAR T cells in vivoConclusions: The study demonstrates that lenalidomide improves the anti-multiple myeloma properties of CS1-directed CAR T cells and provides a basis for a planned clinical trial using the combination of lenalidomide with engineered T cells against CS1 in relapsed myeloma. Clin Cancer Res; 24(1); 106-19. ©2017 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunologic Factors/pharmacology
- Immunological Synapses/immunology
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Lenalidomide/pharmacology
- Mice
- Multiple Myeloma/immunology
- Multiple Myeloma/metabolism
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Multiple Myeloma/therapy
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family/genetics
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family/immunology
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Wang
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California.
| | - Miriam Walter
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Ryan Urak
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Lihong Weng
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Christian Huynh
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Laura Lim
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - ChingLam W Wong
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Wen-Chung Chang
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Sandra H Thomas
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - James F Sanchez
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Christine E Brown
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Myo Htut
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Amrita Y Krishnan
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Stephen J Forman
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
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20
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Lee CH, Hajishengallis G, Connell TD. Dendritic Cell-Mediated Mechanisms Triggered by LT-IIa-B 5, a Mucosal Adjuvant Derived from a Type II Heat-Labile Enterotoxin of Escherichia coli. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 27:709-717. [PMID: 28144014 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1611.11072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal tissues are the initial site through which most pathogens invade. As such, vaccines and adjuvants that modulate mucosal immune functions have emerged as important agents for disease prevention. Herein, we investigated the immunomodulatory mechanisms of the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin type IIa (LT-IIa-B5), a potent non-toxic mucosal adjuvant. Alternations in gene expression in response to LT-IIa-B5 were identified using a genome-wide transcriptional microarray that focused on dendritic cells (DC), a type of cell that broadly orchestrates adaptive and innate immune responses. We found that LT-IIa-B5 enhanced the homing capacity of DC into the lymph nodes and selectively regulated transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and cytokine receptors. These data are consistent with a model in which directional activation and differentiation of immune cells by LT-IIa-B5 serve as a critical mechanism whereby this potent adjuvant amplifies mucosal immunity to co-administered antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Terry D Connell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and The Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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21
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Contractile actomyosin arcs promote the activation of primary mouse T cells in a ligand-dependent manner. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183174. [PMID: 28817635 PMCID: PMC5560663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechano-transduction is an emerging but still poorly understood component of T cell activation. Here we investigated the ligand-dependent contribution made by contractile actomyosin arcs populating the peripheral supramolecular activation cluster (pSMAC) region of the immunological synapse (IS) to T cell receptor (TCR) microcluster transport and proximal signaling in primary mouse T cells. Using super resolution microscopy, OT1-CD8+ mouse T cells, and two ovalbumin (OVA) peptides with different affinities for the TCR, we show that the generation of organized actomyosin arcs depends on ligand potency and the ability of myosin 2 to contract actin filaments. While weak ligands induce disorganized actomyosin arcs, strong ligands result in organized actomyosin arcs that correlate well with tension-sensitive CasL phosphorylation and the accumulation of ligands at the IS center. Blocking myosin 2 contractility greatly reduces the difference in the extent of Src and LAT phosphorylation observed between the strong and the weak ligand, arguing that myosin 2-dependent force generation within actin arcs contributes to ligand discrimination. Together, our data are consistent with the idea that actomyosin arcs in the pSMAC region of the IS promote a mechano-chemical feedback mechanism that amplifies the accumulation of critical signaling molecules at the IS.
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22
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Zahm CD, Colluru VT, McNeel DG. Vaccination with High-Affinity Epitopes Impairs Antitumor Efficacy by Increasing PD-1 Expression on CD8 + T Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2017. [PMID: 28634215 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor vaccines encoding self-antigens generally have low immunogenicity in clinical trials. Several approaches are aimed at improving vaccine immunogenicity, including efforts to alter encoded epitopes. Immunization with epitopes altered for increased affinity for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or T-cell receptor (TCR) elicits greater numbers of CD8 T cells but inferior antitumor responses. Our previous results suggested that programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) increased on antigen-specific CD8 T cells and tumor cells, respectively, after high-affinity vaccination. In this report, we use two murine models to investigate whether the dose, MHC affinity, or TCR affinity of an epitope affected the antitumor response via the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. T cells activated with high-affinity epitopes resulted in prolonged APC:T-cell contact time that led to elevated, persistent PD-1 expression, and expression of other checkpoint molecules, in vitro and in vivo Immunization with high-affinity epitopes also decreased antitumor efficacy in the absence of PD-1 blockade. Thus, APC:T-cell contact time can be altered by epitope affinity and lead to therapeutically relevant changes in vaccine efficacy mediated by changes in PD-1 expression. These findings have implications for the use of agents targeting PD-1 expression or function whenever high-affinity CD8 T cells are elicited or supplied by means of vaccination or adoptive transfer. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(8); 630-41. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Zahm
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Viswa T Colluru
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Douglas G McNeel
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
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23
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Wabnitz GH, Kirchgessner H, Samstag Y. Imaging Flow Cytometry for Multiparametric Analysis of Molecular Mechanism Involved in the Cytotoxicity of Human CD8+
T-cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2528-2533. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guido H. Wabnitz
- Institute of Immunology, Section Molecular Immunology; Ruprecht-Karls-University; D-69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Henning Kirchgessner
- Institute of Immunology, Section Molecular Immunology; Ruprecht-Karls-University; D-69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Yvonne Samstag
- Institute of Immunology, Section Molecular Immunology; Ruprecht-Karls-University; D-69120 Heidelberg Germany
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24
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Balta E, Stopp J, Castelletti L, Kirchgessner H, Samstag Y, Wabnitz GH. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of PMN/T-cell interactions by InFlow and super-resolution microscopy. Methods 2017; 112:25-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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25
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Murugesan S, Hong J, Yi J, Li D, Beach JR, Shao L, Meinhardt J, Madison G, Wu X, Betzig E, Hammer JA. Formin-generated actomyosin arcs propel T cell receptor microcluster movement at the immune synapse. J Cell Biol 2016; 215:383-399. [PMID: 27799367 PMCID: PMC5100289 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201603080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Murugesan et al. report that actomyosin arcs at the T cell synapse are formin-generated structures that directly propel T cell receptor cluster movement. The authors reveal the origin, organization, and functions of a major cytoskeletal network during synapse maturation. Actin assembly and inward flow in the plane of the immunological synapse (IS) drives the centralization of T cell receptor microclusters (TCR MCs) and the integrin leukocyte functional antigen 1 (LFA-1). Using structured-illumination microscopy (SIM), we show that actin arcs populating the medial, lamella-like region of the IS arise from linear actin filaments generated by one or more formins present at the IS distal edge. After traversing the outer, Arp2/3-generated, lamellipodia-like region of the IS, these linear filaments are organized by myosin II into antiparallel concentric arcs. Three-dimensional SIM shows that active LFA-1 often aligns with arcs, whereas TCR MCs commonly reside between arcs, and total internal reflection fluorescence SIM shows TCR MCs being swept inward by arcs. Consistently, disrupting actin arc formation via formin inhibition results in less centralized TCR MCs, missegregated integrin clusters, decreased T–B cell adhesion, and diminished TCR signaling. Together, our results define the origin, organization, and functional significance of a major actomyosin contractile structure at the IS that directly propels TCR MC transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sricharan Murugesan
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jinsung Hong
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jason Yi
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Dong Li
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147.,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jordan R Beach
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Lin Shao
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - John Meinhardt
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Grey Madison
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Xufeng Wu
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Eric Betzig
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - John A Hammer
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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