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Guntala R, Khamai L, Srisai N, Ounjaijean S, Khamduang W, Hongjaisee S. Contamination of Streptococcus suis and S. suis Serotype 2 in Raw Pork and Edible Pig Organs: A Public Health Concern in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Foods 2024; 13:2119. [PMID: 38998625 PMCID: PMC11241745 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens causing serious diseases in both pigs and humans, especially serotype 2. In northern Thailand, there is a notable prevalence of S. suis infection in humans and transmission has occurred mainly through the consumption of raw pork products. Despite the continued practice of consuming raw pork in this region, limited data exist regarding S. suis contamination in such products. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of S. suis and S. suis serotype 2 in retail raw pork meat and edible pig organs sold in Chiang Mai city, Thailand. A total of 200 samples, comprising raw pork meat and edible pig organs, were collected from nine fresh markets in Chiang Mai city between May and July 2023. Samples were prepared and cultured in Todd-Hewitt broth. Bacterial DNA was extracted and tested for any serotypes of S. suis and serotype 2 using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) techniques. The study revealed contaminations of S. suis and serotype 2 at rates of 84% and 34%, respectively, with a higher prevalence observed in pig organs compared to raw pork. Both S. suis and serotype 2 were detected across all nine fresh markets investigated. The prevalence of S. suis remained consistently high throughout the study period, whereas serotype 2 showed peaks in May and July. These high rates of contamination indicate that people who consume or work in close contact with raw pork or edible pig organs are at a high risk of S. suis infection. Urgent implementation and maintenance of food safety campaigns and public health interventions are crucial for disease prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchadakorn Guntala
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (R.G.); (S.O.)
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Likhitphorn Khamai
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Nattawara Srisai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.S.); (W.K.)
| | - Sakaewan Ounjaijean
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (R.G.); (S.O.)
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Woottichai Khamduang
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.S.); (W.K.)
- LUCENT International Collaboration, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sayamon Hongjaisee
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (R.G.); (S.O.)
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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Nguyen MP, Nguyen NH, Nguyen HPT, Yang CM. STREPTOCOCCUS SUIS ENDOGENOUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS IN A PATIENT WITH MENINGITIS. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2023; 17:519-523. [PMID: 37643035 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus suis is a major porcine pathogen that can cause severe systemic infection in humans. The common clinical features include meningitis, septicemia, purulent arthritis, and oftentimes deafness. However, ocular inflammation is very rare. METHODS We report the case of endogenous endophthalmitis, meningitis, and septicemia caused by S. suis. The patient received 2 months of systemic antibiotics therapy, intravitreal vancomycin, and vitrectomy combining phacoemulsification with intraocular lens without silicone oil-filled. RESULTS The result with the best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 on the left eye and 20/25 on the right eye. CONCLUSION This case illustrates the rare presentation of endogenous endophthalmitis in a patient with meningitis due to S. suis. In patients presenting with endophthalmitis and meningitis, S. suis should be considered, especially if prominent and early visual acuity impairment is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Phu Nguyen
- Department of Eye Trauma, Vietnam National Eye Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngan-Ha Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Departments of Medicine and Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Chung-May Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
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Kerdsin A. Human Streptococcus suis Infections in Thailand: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Genotypes, and Susceptibility. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:359. [PMID: 36355901 PMCID: PMC9695567 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen causing substantial economic losses to the pig industry, as well as being a human health burden due to infections worldwide, especially in Southeast Asia. In Thailand, there was high cumulative incidence in humans during 1987-2021, mostly in males. At least five large outbreaks have been documented after the largest outbreak in China in 2005, which was related to the consumption of raw pork or dishes containing pig's blood. The major clinical features are sepsis or meningitis, with hearing loss a major complication of S. suis disease. Thai human S. suis isolates have shown diversity in serotypes and sequence types (STs), with serotype 2 and STs 1 and 104 being major genotypes. β-Lactam antibiotics can be used in empirical treatment for human S. suis infections; however, intermediate resistance to penicillin has been reported. Reducing S. suis incidence in Thailand requires a multidimensional approach, with combined efforts from the government and public health sectors through policy, regulations, education, and active surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
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Osei EK, Mahony J, Kenny JG. From Farm to Fork: Streptococcus suis as a Model for the Development of Novel Phage-Based Biocontrol Agents. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091996. [PMID: 36146802 PMCID: PMC9501460 DOI: 10.3390/v14091996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections of livestock threaten the sustainability of agriculture and public health through production losses and contamination of food products. While prophylactic and therapeutic application of antibiotics has been successful in managing such infections, the evolution and spread of antibiotic-resistant strains along the food chain and in the environment necessitates the development of alternative or adjunct preventive and/or therapeutic strategies. Additionally, the growing consumer preference for “greener” antibiotic-free food products has reinforced the need for novel and safer approaches to controlling bacterial infections. The use of bacteriophages (phages), which can target and kill bacteria, are increasingly considered as a suitable measure to reduce bacterial infections and contamination in the food industry. This review primarily elaborates on the recent veterinary applications of phages and discusses their merits and limitations. Furthermore, using Streptococcus suis as a model, we describe the prevalence of prophages and the anti-viral defence arsenal in the genome of the pathogen as a means to define the genetic building blocks that are available for the (synthetic) development of phage-based treatments. The data and approach described herein may provide a framework for the development of therapeutics against an array of bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kuffour Osei
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- Food Bioscience, Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Mahony
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (J.G.K.); Tel.: +353-21-490-2730 (J.M.); +353-25-42283 (J.G.K.)
| | - John G. Kenny
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- Food Bioscience, Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (J.G.K.); Tel.: +353-21-490-2730 (J.M.); +353-25-42283 (J.G.K.)
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The Ability of Nuclease-Resistant RNA Aptamer against Streptococcus suis Serotype 2, Strain P1/7 to Reduce Biofilm Formation In Vitro. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123894. [PMID: 35745014 PMCID: PMC9228048 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a Gram-positive bacterium, is an important swine and human pathogen, with serotype 2 being the most prevalent strain found worldwide. Deafness, meningitis, and death (in severe cases) are observed in S. suis-infected cases. Development of the ligands that can bind to S. suis with high affinity and specificity could be beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of S. suis infection. Herein, the nuclease-resistant RNA aptamers based on 2′-fluoropyrimidine modification against S. suis serotype 2, strain P1/7, were established using the cell- Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX) technique. One of the aptamers, R8-su12, could bind to the S. suis target strain as well as other S. suis serotypes, i.e., 1, 1/2, 9, and 14, but not to other bacteria tested, i.e., S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Moreover, the R8-su12 RNA aptamer was also capable of inhibiting the biofilm formation of the S. suis target strain, making it potentially useful for the study of biofilm formation and the treatment of S. suis infection in humans and pigs in the future.
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Fan J, Zhao L, Hu Q, Li S, Li H, Zhang Q, Zou G, Zhang L, Li L, Huang Q, Zhou R. Screening for Virulence-Related Genes via a Transposon Mutant Library of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Using a Galleria mellonella Larvae Infection Model. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050868. [PMID: 35630313 PMCID: PMC9143085 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a zoonotic bacterial pathogen causing lethal infections in pigs and humans. Identification of virulence-related genes (VRGs) is of great importance in understanding the pathobiology of a bacterial pathogen. To identify novel VRGs, a transposon (Tn) mutant library of S. suis strain SC19 was constructed in this study. The insertion sites of approximately 1700 mutants were identified by Tn-seq, which involved 417 different genes. A total of 32 attenuated strains were identified from the library by using a Galleria mellonella larvae infection model, and 30 novel VRGs were discovered, including transcription regulators, transporters, hypothetical proteins, etc. An isogenic deletion mutant of hxtR gene (ΔhxtR) and its complementary strain (CΔhxtR) were constructed, and their virulence was compared with the wild-type strain in G. mellonella larvae and mice, which showed that disruption of hxtR significantly attenuated the virulence. Moreover, the ΔhxtR strain displayed a reduced survival ability in whole blood, increased sensitivity to phagocytosis, increased chain length, and growth defect. Taken together, this study performed a high throughput screening for VRGs of S. suis using a G. mellonella larvae model and further characterized a novel critical virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.H.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Q.Z.); (G.Z.); (L.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Lelin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.H.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Q.Z.); (G.Z.); (L.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Qiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.H.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Q.Z.); (G.Z.); (L.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Siqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.H.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Q.Z.); (G.Z.); (L.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Haotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.H.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Q.Z.); (G.Z.); (L.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.H.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Q.Z.); (G.Z.); (L.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Geng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.H.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Q.Z.); (G.Z.); (L.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.H.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Q.Z.); (G.Z.); (L.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.H.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Q.Z.); (G.Z.); (L.Z.); (L.L.)
- International Research Center for Animal Disease (Ministry of Science & Technology of China), Wuhan 430070, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.H.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Q.Z.); (G.Z.); (L.Z.); (L.L.)
- International Research Center for Animal Disease (Ministry of Science & Technology of China), Wuhan 430070, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (Q.H.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.H.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (Q.Z.); (G.Z.); (L.Z.); (L.L.)
- International Research Center for Animal Disease (Ministry of Science & Technology of China), Wuhan 430070, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- The HZAU-HVSEN Research Institute, Wuhan 430042, China
- Correspondence: (Q.H.); (R.Z.)
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Romay-Lema EM, Ventura-Valcárcel P, Iñiguez-Vázquez I, García-Pais MJ, Garcia-Garrote F, Rabuñal-Rey R, Alonso MP, Corredoira-Sánchez J. Streptococcus suis spondylodiscitis: 2 new cases and a literature review. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 40:66-70. [PMID: 34866038 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Streptococcus suis (S. suis) infection is poorly described zoonosis in our country, which is related with exposure to pigs or their meat. The most common clinical presentation is meningitis, while spine's involvement is rare. METHODS We report 2 cases of S. suis infection and perform a systematic review of the articles published on S. suis spondylodiscitis between January 1994 and May 2020 with the aim of defining the clinical characteristics, predisposing factors and evolution. RESULTS 17 cases are described, 76.5% males with a mean age of 57.6 years, generally without associated underlying disease. Enolism was a factor present in 17.6%. 70.6% had exposure to pigs or their meat and 20% hand injuries. The mean duration of symptoms was 10.2 days and the most affected segment was the lumbar level. 70.6% had meningitis. All were treated with beta-lactams with an average duration of 53.2 days. There was a recurrence and none died. CONCLUSION There are few cases of S. suis spondylodiscitis in the literature. When occurs, it is associated with another type of infection in most cases. They present a good response to medical treatment and a good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-María Romay-Lema
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | - Ramón Rabuñal-Rey
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - María Pilar Alonso
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
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Díez de Los Ríos J, Reynaga E, García-Gonzàlez M, Càmara J, Ardanuy C, Cuquet J, Quesada MD, Navarro M, Vilamala A, Párraga-Niño N, Quero S, Romero A, Benítez RM, Altimiras J, Pedro-Botet ML. Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Streptococcus suis Infections in Catalonia, Spain. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:792233. [PMID: 34957160 PMCID: PMC8692758 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.792233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a human zoonotic pathogen of occupational origin, with infection acquired through contact with live pigs or pig meat. Pig farming is one of Catalonia's biggest industries and as a result this region of Spain has one of the highest density pig populations per km2. The aim of our study was to describe the infections caused by S. suis occurring in that area over a 9-year period. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, multi-center study was carried out by searching records from 15 hospitals in Catalonia for the period between 2010 and 2019. Results: Over the study period altogether nine cases of S. suis infection were identified in five hospitals, with five of these cases occurring in the 2018–2019 period. The mean age of patients was 48 ± 8.9 years and all of them were males. Five patients (55.6%) worked in pig farms. The most frequent manifestation of infection was meningitis (5 cases; 55.6%) followed by septic arthritis (3 cases; 33.3%). None of the patients died at 30 days; nonetheless, 4 developed hearing loss as a long-term complication. Conclusion: The most commonly identified S. suis infection was meningitis. Over 50% of the episodes occurred in the last 2 years and have affected pig farm workers. Further surveillance is needed in order to know its prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esteban Reynaga
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Càmara
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Ardanuy
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Cuquet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria D Quesada
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marian Navarro
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vilamala
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemi Párraga-Niño
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fundació Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Quero
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fundació Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Alba Romero
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Benítez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jacint Altimiras
- Department of Epidemiology, Hospital Universitari Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Pedro-Botet
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Burden of disease and productivity impact of Streptococcus suis infection in Thailand. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0008985. [PMID: 33481785 PMCID: PMC7857555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Streptoccocus suis (S.suis) infection is a neglected zoonosis disease in humans mainly affects men of working age. We estimated the health and economic burden of S.suis infection in Thailand in terms of years of life lost, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost, and productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs) lost which is a novel measure that adjusts years of life lived for productivity loss attributable to disease. Methods A decision-analytic Markov model was developed to simulate the impact of S. suis infection and its major complications: death, meningitis and infective endocarditis among Thai people in 2019 with starting age of 51 years. Transition probabilities, and inputs pertaining to costs, utilities and productivity impairment associated with long-term complications were derived from published sources. A lifetime time horizon with follow-up until death or age 100 years was adopted. The simulation was repeated assuming that the cohort had not been infected with S.suis. The differences between the two set of model outputs in years of life, QALYs, and PALYs lived reflected the impact of S.suis infection. An annual discount rate of 3% was applied to both costs and outcomes. One-way sensitivity analyses and Monte Carlo simulation modeling technique using 10,000 iterations were performed to assess the impact of uncertainty in the model. Key results This cohort incurred 769 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 695 to 841) years of life lost (14% of predicted years of life lived if infection had not occurred), 826 (95% UI: 588 to 1,098) QALYs lost (21%) and 793 (95%UI: 717 to 867) PALYs (15%) lost. These equated to an average of 2.46 years of life, 2.64 QALYs and 2.54 PALYs lost per person. The loss in PALYs was associated with a loss of 346 (95% UI: 240 to 461) million Thai baht (US$11.3 million) in GDP, which equated to 1.1 million Thai baht (US$ 36,033) lost per person. Conclusions S.suis infection imposes a significant economic burden both in terms of health and productivity. Further research to investigate the effectiveness of public health awareness programs and disease control interventions should be mandated to provide a clearer picture for decision making in public health strategies and resource allocations. Streptoccocus suis (S.suis) infection is a potentially lethal zoonotic disease in humans. In the present study, we sought to estimate the impact of the disease in Thailand in terms of years of life lost, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost, and productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs) lost. A decision-analytic Markov model was developed to simulate the impact of S.suis infection and its major complications among Thai people. In 2019, it was estimated that the infection incurred 769 years of life lost (14% of predicted years of life lived if infection had not occurred), 826 QALYs lost (21%) and 793 PALYs (15%) lost. These equated to an average of 2.5 years of life, 2.6 QALYs and 2.5 PALYs lost per person. The loss in PALYs was associated with a loss of 346 million Thai baht (US$11.3 million) in GDP, which equated to 1.1 million Thai baht (US$ 36,033) lost per person. The findings call for increased public health awareness and comprehensive efforts to control and prevent the disease.
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Romay-Lema EM, Ventura-Valcárcel P, Iñiguez-Vázquez I, García-Pais MJ, García-Garrote F, Rabuñal-Rey R, Alonso MP, Corredoira-Sánchez J. Streptococcus suis spondylodiscitis: 2 new cases and a literature review. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2020; 40:S0213-005X(20)30270-6. [PMID: 33069490 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Streptococcus suis (S. suis) infection is poorly described zoonosis in our country, which is related with exposure to pigs or their meat. The most common clinical presentation is meningitis, while spinés involvement is rare. METHODS We report 2 cases of S. suis infection and perform a systematic review of the articles published on S. suis spondylodiscitis between January 1994 and May 2020 with the aim of defining the clinical characteristics, predisposing factors and evolution. RESULTS 17 cases are described, 76.5% males with a mean age of 57.6 years, generally without associated underlying disease. Enolism was a factor present in 17.6%. 70.6% had exposure to pigs or their meat and 20% hand injuries. The mean duration of symptoms was 10.2 days and the most affected segment was the lumbar level. 70.6% had meningitis. All were treated with beta-lactams with an average duration of 53.2 days. There was a recurrence and none died. CONCLUSION There are few cases of S. suis spondylodiscitis in the literature. When occurs, it is associated with another type of infection in most cases. They present a good response to medical treatment and a good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-María Romay-Lema
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, España.
| | | | - Iria Iñiguez-Vázquez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, España
| | | | | | - Ramón Rabuñal-Rey
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, España
| | - María Pilar Alonso
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, España
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Rayanakorn A, Katip W, Goh BH, Oberdorfer P, Lee LH. A risk scoring system for predicting Streptococcus suis hearing loss: A 13-year retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228488. [PMID: 32017787 PMCID: PMC6999904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus suis (S.suis) is an emerging zoonosis disease with a high prevalence in Southeast Asia. There are over 1,500 cases reported globally in which majority of cases are from Thailand followed by Vietnam. The disease leads to meningitis in human with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) as the most common complication suffered by the patients. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent severe neurological complication. In this study, we aim to develop an easy-to-use risk score to promote early diagnosis and detection of S.suis in patients who potentially develop hearing loss. METHODS Data from a retrospective review of 13-year S.suis patient records in a tertiary hospital in Chiang Mai, Northern, Thailand was obtained. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were employed to develop a predictive model. The clinical risk score was constructed from the coefficients of significant predictors. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AuROC) was identified to verify the model discriminative performance. Bootstrap technique with 1000-fold bootstrapping was used for internal validation. KEY RESULTS Among 133 patients, the incidence of hearing loss was 31.6% (n = 42). Significant predictors for S. suis hearing loss were meningitis, raw pork consumption, and vertigo. The predictive score ranged from 0-4 and correctly classified 81.95% patients as being at risk of S.suis hearing loss. The model showed good power of prediction (AuROC: 0.859; 95%CI 0.785-0.933) and calibration (AuROC: 0.860; 95%CI 0.716-0.953). CONCLUSIONS To our best knowledge, this is the first risk scoring system development for S.suis hearing loss. We identified meningitis, raw pork consumption and vertigo as the main risk factors of S.suis hearing loss. Future studies are needed to optimize the developed scoring system and investigate its external validity before recommendation for use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaree Rayanakorn
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Wasan Katip
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group (BMEX), School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Peninnah Oberdorfer
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Learn Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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12
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Rayanakorn A, Katip W, Goh BH, Oberdorfer P, Lee LH. Clinical Manifestations and Risk Factors of Streptococcus suis Mortality Among Northern Thai Population: Retrospective 13-Year Cohort Study. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:3955-3965. [PMID: 32021313 PMCID: PMC6941973 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s233326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an emerging zoonotic disease mainly in pigs, causing serious infections in humans with high prevalence in Southeast Asia. Despite a relatively high mortality rate, there are limited data regarding the risk factors of this life-threatening infection. Therefore, a 13-year retrospective cohort study in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2005-2018 was conducted to explore risk factors associated with S. suis mortality and to update the outcomes of the disease. Patients and methods S. suis positive cases were derived from those with positive S. suis isolates from microbiological culture results and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF). Potential risk factors of mortality were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results Of 133 patients with culture-proven S. suis infection identified, there were 92 males and 41 females. The mean age was 56.47 years. Septicemia (55.64%) was the most common clinical manifestation followed by meningitis (37.59%) and infective endocarditis (25.56%). Alcohol drinking and raw pork consumption were documented in 66 (49.62%) and 49 (36.84%) cases respectively. The overall mortality rate was 12.03% (n=16). According to the multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors for mortality were prolonged bacteremia ≥ 6 days (OR = 43.57, 95% CI = 2.46-772.80, P =0.010), septic shock (OR = 13.34, 95% CI = 1.63-109.03, P =0.016), and direct bilirubin > 1.5 mg/dL (OR = 12.86, 95% CI = 1.91-86.59, P =0.009). Conclusion S. suis is not infrequent in Northern Thailand, where the cultural food habit of raw pork eating is still practiced. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest series focusing on risk factors of S. suis mortality which has been conducted in Thailand. Prolonged bacteremia ≥ 6 days, septic shock, and direct bilirubin > 1.5 mg/dL were strong predictors associated with S. suis mortality. The mortality risk factors identified may be further utilized in clinical practice and future research to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaree Rayanakorn
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Wasan Katip
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group (BMEX), Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre (BRAC), School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Peninnah Oberdorfer
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Learn Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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13
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Faulds-Pain A, Shaw HA, Terra VS, Kellner S, Brockmeier SL, Wren BW. The Streptococcos suis sortases SrtB and SrtF are essential for disease in pigs. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2018; 165:163-173. [PMID: 30543506 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The porcine pathogen Streptococcus suis colonizes the upper respiratory tracts of pigs, potentially causing septicaemia, meningitis and death, thus placing a severe burden on the agricultural industry worldwide. It is also a zoonotic pathogen that is known to cause systemic infections and meningitis in humans. Understanding how S. suis colonizes and interacts with its hosts is relevant for future strategies of drug and vaccine development. As with other Gram-positive bacteria, S. suis utilizes enzymes known as sortases to attach specific proteins bearing cell wall sorting signals to its surface, where they can play a role in host-pathogen interactions. The surface proteins of bacteria are often important in adhesion to and invasion of host cells. In this study, markerless in-frame deletion mutants of the housekeeping sortase srtA and the two pilus-associated sortases, srtB and srtF, were generated and their importance in S. suis infections was investigated. We found that all three of these sortases are essential to disease in pigs, concluding that their cognate-sorted proteins may also be useful in protecting pigs against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Faulds-Pain
- 1Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Helen Alexandra Shaw
- 1Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,‡Present address: National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Vanessa Sofia Terra
- 1Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Steven Kellner
- 2USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
| | - Susan L Brockmeier
- 2USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
| | - Brendan W Wren
- 1Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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14
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Risk factors for Streptococcus suis infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13358. [PMID: 30190575 PMCID: PMC6127304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a gram-positive bacterial pathogen in pigs which can cause serious infections in human including meningitis, and septicaemia resulting in serious complications. There were discrepancies between different data and little is known concerning associated risk factors of S. suis. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate on S. suis infection risk factors in human. We searched eight relevant databases using the MeSH terms "Streptococcus suis" OR "Streptococcus suis AND infection" limited in human with no time nor language restriction. Out of 4,999 articles identified, 32 and 3 studies were included for systematic review and meta-analysis respectively with a total of 1,454 Streptococcus suis cases reported. S. suis patients were generally adult males and the elderly. The mean age ranged between 37 to 63 years. Meningitis was the most common clinical manifestation, and deafness was the most common sequelae found among survivors followed by vestibular dysfunction. Infective endocarditis was also noted as among the most common clinical presentations associated with high mortality rate in a few studies. Meta-analyses categorized by type of control groups (community control, and non-S. suis sepsis) were done among 850 participants in 3 studies. The combined odd ratios for studies using community control groups and non-S. Suis sepsis as controls respectively were 4.63 (95% CI 2.94-7.29) and 78.00 (95% CI 10.38-585.87) for raw pork consumption, 4.01 (95% CI 2.61-6.15) and 3.03 (95% CI 1.61-5.68) for exposure to pigs or pork, 11.47, (95% CI 5.68-23.14) and 3.07 (95% CI 1.81-5.18) for pig-related occupation and 3.56 (95% CI 2.18-5.80) and 5.84 (95% CI 2.76-12.36) for male sex. The results were found to be significantly associated with S. suis infection and there was non-significant heterogeneity. History of skin injury and underlying diseases were noted only a small percentage in most studies. Setting up an effective screening protocol and public health interventions would be effective to enhance understanding about the disease.
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15
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Velikova N, Kavanagh K, Wells JM. Evaluation of Galleria mellonella larvae for studying the virulence of Streptococcus suis. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:291. [PMID: 27978817 PMCID: PMC5160000 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis is an encapsulated Gram-positive bacterium and the leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in young pigs, resulting in considerable economic losses in the porcine industry. S. suis is considered an emerging zoonotic agent with increasing numbers of human cases over the last years. In the environment, both avirulent and virulent strains occur in pigs, with no evidence for consistent adapatation of virulent strains to the human host. Currently, there is an urgent need for a convenient, reliable and standardised animal model to rapidly assess S. suis virulence. Wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae have successfully been used in human and animal infectious disease studies. Here, we developed G. mellonella larvae as a model to assess virulence of S. suis strains. Results Fourteen isolates of S. suis belonging to different serotypes killed G. mellonella larvae in a dose-dependent manner. Larvae infected with the virulent serotype 2 strain, S. suis S3881/S10, were rescued by antibiotic therapy. Crucially, the observed virulence of the different serotypes and mutants was in agreement with virulence observed in piglets (Sus scrofa) and the zebrafish larval infection model. Infection with heat-inactivated bacteria or bacteria-free culture supernatants showed that in most cases live bacteria are needed to cause mortality in G. mellonella. Conclusions The G. mellonella model is simple, cost-efficient, and raises less ethical issues than experiments on vertebrates and reduces infrastructure requirements. Furthermore, it allows experiments to be performed at the host temperature (37 °C). The results reported here, indicate that the G. mellonella model may aid our understanding of veterinary microbial pathogens such as the emerging zoonotic pathogen S. suis and generate hypotheses for testing in the target animal host. Ultimately, this might lead to the timely introduction of new effective remedies for infectious diseases. Last but not least, use of the G. mellonella infection model to study S. suis virulence adheres to the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement (3Rs) and can potentially reduce the number of vertebrates used for experimental infection studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0905-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Velikova
- Host-microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Zodiac 122, De Elst 1, 6708WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Kevin Kavanagh
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Jerry M Wells
- Host-microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Zodiac 122, De Elst 1, 6708WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Primer caso de shock séptico por Streptococcus suis de posible etiología alimentaria en España. Med Intensiva 2016; 40:516-518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Nakaranurack C, Puttilerpong C, Suwanpimolkul G. A Decennium of Etiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Patients with Infective Endocarditis at a University Hospital, Thailand. Jpn J Infect Dis 2016; 70:295-300. [PMID: 27795476 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Infective endocarditis is an infection with a high mortality rate. Antimicrobial therapy is important for treatment, but data on antimicrobial susceptibilities are limited. This retrospective study analyzed data on the causative microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in patients with infective endocarditis 18 years of age or older who received inpatient care between 2006 and 2015 at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. A total of 213 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Streptococcus spp. (54.5%) was the most common organism. Viridans streptococcus (46%) was the leading pathogen, followed by Group B streptococcus (27%). The majority of Streptococcus spp. were susceptible to penicillin (82.7%). Among Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus suis had the highest MIC90 of penicillin and cefotaxime (1.65 and 0.95 μg/ml, respectively). There was a statistically significant increase in the MICs of penicillin and cefotaxime for Streptococcus suis (P = 0.03 and 0.04). Only 45.5% of Streptococcus suis and 77.5% of Viridans streptococcus were susceptible to penicillin. All Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were susceptible to vancomycin. In conclusion, the prevalence of Group B streptococcus isolates increased among patients with infective endocarditis in Thailand. Streptococcus suis had the highest MIC90 and proportion of isolates not susceptible to penicillin. Rigorous restriction of the use of antimicrobial agents in animal feeds should be a primary concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chotirat Nakaranurack
- College of Pharmacotherapy of Thailand.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Chankit Puttilerpong
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Gompol Suwanpimolkul
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society Bangkok
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18
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Zhang S, Wang J, Chen S, Yin J, Pan Z, Liu K, Li L, Zheng Y, Yuan Y, Jiang Y. Effects of Suilysin on Streptococcus suis-Induced Platelet Aggregation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:128. [PMID: 27800304 PMCID: PMC5065993 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood platelets play important roles during pathological thrombocytopenia in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). Streptococcus suis (S. suis) an emerging human pathogen, can cause STSS similarly to S. pyogenes. However, S. suis interactions with platelets are poorly understood. Here, we found that suilysin (SLY), different from other bacterial cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs), was the sole stimulus that induced platelet aggregation. Furthermore, the inside-out activation of GPIIb/IIIa of platelets mediated SLY-induced platelet aggregation. This process was triggered by Ca2+ influx that depend on the pore forming on platelets by SLY. Additionally, although SLY induced α-granule release occurred via the MLCK-dependent pathway, PLC-β-IP3/DAG-MLCK and Rho-ROCK-MLCK signaling were not involved in SLY-induced platelet aggregation. Interestingly, the pore dependent Ca2+ influx was also found to participate in the induction of platelet aggregation with pneumolysin (PLY) and streptolysin O (SLO), two other CDCs. It is possible that the CDC-mediated platelet aggregation we observed in S. suis is a similar response mechanism to that used by a wide range of bacteria. These findings might lead to the discovery of potential therapeutic targets for S. suis-associated STSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijing, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | | | - Shaolong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Jiye Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Keke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
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19
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Li X, Liu P, Gan S, Zhang C, Zheng Y, Jiang Y, Yuan Y. Mechanisms of Host-Pathogen Protein Complex Formation and Bacterial Immune Evasion of Streptococcus suis Protein Fhb. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17122-32. [PMID: 27342778 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.719443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2)-induced sepsis and meningitis are often accompanied by bacteremia. The evasion of polymorphonuclear leukocyte-mediated phagocytic clearance is central to the establishment of bacteremia caused by S. suis 2 and is facilitated by the ability of factor H (FH)-binding protein (Fhb) to bind FH on the bacterial surface, thereby impeding alternative pathway complement activation and phagocytic clearance. Here, C3b/C3d was found to bind to Fhb, along with FH, forming a large immune complex. The formation of this immune complex was mediated by domain II of Fhb via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, which, to our knowledge, is a new type of interaction. Interestingly, Fhb was found to be associated with the cell envelope and also present in the culture supernatant, where secreted Fhb inhibited complement activation via interactions with domain II, thereby enhancing antiphagocytic clearance by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Thus, Fhb is a multifunctional bacterial protein, which binds host complement component C3 as well as FH and interferes with innate immune recognition in a secret protein manner. S. suis 2 therefore appears to have developed a new strategy to combat host innate immunity and enhance survival in host blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071 and the Central Laboratory of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Peng Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071 and
| | - Shuzhen Gan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071 and
| | - Chunmao Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071 and
| | - Yuling Zheng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071 and
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071 and
| | - Yuan Yuan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071 and
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20
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Binding of Human Fibrinogen to MRP Enhances Streptococcus suis Survival in Host Blood in a αXβ2 Integrin-dependent Manner. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26966. [PMID: 27231021 PMCID: PMC4882601 DOI: 10.1038/srep26966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2), an important zoonotic pathogen, induces strong systemic infections in humans; sepsis and meningitis are the most common clinical manifestations and are often accompanied by bacteremia. However, the mechanisms of S. suis 2 survival in human blood are not well understood. In our previous study, we identified muramidase-released protein (MRP), a novel human fibrinogen (hFg)-binding protein (FBP) in S. suis 2 that is an important epidemic infection marker with an unknown mechanism in pathogenesis. The present study demonstrates that the N-terminus of MRP (a.a. 283–721) binds to both the Aα and Bβ chains of the D fragment of hFg. Strikingly, the hFg-MRP interaction improved the survival of S. suis 2 in human blood and led to the aggregation and exhaustion of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) via an αXβ2 integrin-dependent mechanism. Other Fg-binding proteins, such as M1 (GAS) and FOG (GGS), also induced PMNs aggregation; however, the mechanisms of these FBP-hFg complexes in the evasion of PMN-mediated innate immunity remain unclear. MRP is conserved across highly virulent strains in Europe and Asia, and these data shed new light on the function of MRP in S. suis pathogenesis.
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21
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Zaccaria E, Cao R, Wells JM, van Baarlen P. A Zebrafish Larval Model to Assess Virulence of Porcine Streptococcus suis Strains. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151623. [PMID: 26999052 PMCID: PMC4801416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an encapsulated Gram-positive bacterium, and the leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in young pigs resulting in considerable economic losses in the porcine industry. It is also considered an emerging zoonotic agent. In the environment, both avirulent and virulent strains occur in pigs, and virulent strains appear to cause disease in both humans and pigs. There is a need for a convenient, reliable and standardized animal model to assess S. suis virulence. A zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae infection model has several advantages, including transparency of larvae, low cost, ease of use and exemption from ethical legislation up to 6 days post fertilization, but has not been previously established as a model for S. suis. Microinjection of different porcine strains of S. suis in zebrafish larvae resulted in highly reproducible dose- and strain-dependent larval death, strongly correlating with presence of the S. suis capsule and to the original virulence of the strain in pigs. Additionally we compared the virulence of the two-component system mutant of ciaRH, which is attenuated for virulence in both mice and pigs in vivo. Infection of larvae with the ΔciaRH strain resulted in significantly higher survival rate compared to infection with the S10 wild-type strain. Our data demonstrate that zebrafish larvae are a rapid and reliable model to assess the virulence of clinical porcine S. suis isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Zaccaria
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rui Cao
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jerry M. Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter van Baarlen
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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22
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Han L, He H, Li F, Cui X, Xie D, Liu Y, Zheng X, Bai H, Wang S, Bo X. Inferring Infection Patterns Based on a Connectivity Map of Host Transcriptional Responses. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15820. [PMID: 26508266 PMCID: PMC4623713 DOI: 10.1038/srep15820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Host responses to infections represent an important pathogenicity determiner, and delineation of host responses can elucidate pathogenesis processes and inform the development of anti-infection therapies. Low cost, high throughput, easy quantitation, and rich descriptions have made gene expression profiling generated by DNA microarrays an optimal approach for describing host transcriptional responses (HTRs). However, efforts to characterize the landscape of HTRs to diverse pathogens are far from offering a comprehensive view. Here, we developed an HTR Connectivity Map based on systematic assessment of pairwise similarities of HTRs to 50 clinically important human pathogens using 1353 gene-expression profiles generated from >60 human cells/tissues. These 50 pathogens were further partitioned into eight robust “HTR communities” (i.e., groups with more consensus internal HTR similarities). These communities showed enrichment in specific infection attributes and differential gene expression patterns. Using query signatures of HTRs to external pathogens, we demonstrated four distinct modes of HTR associations among different pathogens types/class, and validated the reliability of the HTR community divisions for differentiating and categorizing pathogens from a host-oriented perspective. These findings provide a first-generation HTR Connectivity Map of 50 diverse pathogens, and demonstrate the potential for using annotated HTR community to detect functional associations among infectious pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Haochen He
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiuliang Cui
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.,International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dafei Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hui Bai
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.,Department of Pharmacy, No.451 hospital of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaochen Bo
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
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van Samkar A, Brouwer MC, Schultsz C, van der Ende A, van de Beek D. Streptococcus suis Meningitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004191. [PMID: 26505485 PMCID: PMC4624688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis is the most common cause of meningitis in pork consuming and pig rearing countries in South-East Asia. We performed a systematic review of studies on S. suis meningitis to define the clinical characteristics, predisposing factors and outcome. Methodology Studies published between January 1, 1980 and August 1, 2015 were identified from main literature databases and reference lists. Studies were included if they were written in West-European languages and described at least 5 adult patients with S. suis meningitis in whom at least one clinical characteristic was described. Findings We identified 913 patients with S. suis meningitis included in 24 studies between 1980 and 2015. The mean age was 49 years and 581 of 711 patients were male (82%). Exposure to pigs or pork was present in 395 of 648 patients (61%) while other predisposing factors were less common. 514 of 528 patients presented with fever (97%), 429 of 451 with headache (95%), 462 of 496 with neck stiffness (93%) and 78 of 384 patients (20%) had a skin injury in the presence of pig/pork contact. The case fatality rate was 2.9% and hearing loss was a common sequel occurring in 259 of 489 patients (53%). Treatment included dexamethasone in 157 of 300 (52%) of patients and was associated with reduced hearing loss in S. suis meningitis patients included in a randomized controlled trial. Conclusion S. suis meningitis has a clear association with pig and pork contact. Mortality is low, but hearing loss occurs frequently. Dexamethasone was shown to reduce hearing loss. Meningitis is a common manifestation of Streptococcus suis infection. S. suis is endemic in pork consuming and pig rearing countries. We systematically reviewed the clinical characteristics, predisposing factors and outcome of S. suis meningitis. We identified 913 patients included in 24 studies, with a mean age of 49 years and a majority of male patients (82%). Exposure to pigs or pork was present in 61%, with a skin injury being present in 20%. Fever was present in 97% of patients, headache in 95%, neck stiffness in 93%. The mortality was 2.9% and hearing loss was common occurring in 53% of patients. Dexamethasone was associated with reduced hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha van Samkar
- Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Department of Neurology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs C. Brouwer
- Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Department of Neurology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Global Health-Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arie van der Ende
- Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Academic Medical Center, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Department of Neurology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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24
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Bi L, Pian Y, Chen S, Ren Z, Liu P, Lv Q, Zheng Y, Zhang S, Hao H, Yuan Y, Jiang Y. Toll-like receptor 4 confers inflammatory response to Suilysin. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:644. [PMID: 26167160 PMCID: PMC4481166 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an emerging human pathogen worldwide. A large outbreak occurred in the summer of 2005 in China. Serum samples from this outbreak revealed that levels of the main proinflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in patients with streptococcal toxic-shock-like syndrome (STSLS) than in patients with meningitis only. However, the mechanism underlying the cytokine storm in STSLS caused by SS2 remained unclear. In this study, we found that suilysin (SLY) is the main protein inflammatory stimulus of SS2 and that native SLY (nSLY) stimulated cytokines independently of its haemolytic ability. Interestingly, a small amount of SLY (Å Mol/L) induced strong, long-term TNF-α release from human PBMCs. We also found that nSLY stimulated TNF-α in wild-type macrophages but not in macrophages from mice that carried a spontaneous mutation in TLR4 (P712H). We demonstrated for the first time that SLY stimulates immune cells through TLR4. In addition, the Myd88 adaptor-p38-MAPK pathway was involved in this process. The present study suggested that the TLR4-dependent inflammatory responses induced by SLY in host might contribute to the STSLS caused by SS2 and that p38-MAPK could be used as a target to control the release of excess TNF-α induced by SS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China ; Beijing Key Laboratory of Immunology Regulatory and Organ Transplantation, Basic Research Lab of Organ Transplant Institute, 309th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Beijing, China
| | - Yaya Pian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Shaolong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Huaijie Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
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25
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Seele J, Beineke A, Hillermann LM, Jaschok-Kentner B, von Pawel-Rammingen U, Valentin-Weigand P, Baums CG. The immunoglobulin M-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus suis, IdeSsuis, is involved in complement evasion. Vet Res 2015; 46:45. [PMID: 25928761 PMCID: PMC4404118 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus (S.) suis is one of the most important pathogens in pigs causing meningitis, arthritis, endocarditis and serositis. Furthermore, it is also an emerging zoonotic agent. In our previous work we identified a highly specific IgM protease in S. suis, designated Ide(Ssuis) . The objective of this study was to characterize the function of Ide(Ssuis) in the host-pathogen interaction. Edman-sequencing revealed that Ide(Ssuis) cleaves the heavy chain of the IgM molecule between constant domain 2 and 3. As the C1q binding motif is located in the C3 domain, we hypothesized that Ide(Ssuis) is involved in complement evasion. Complement-mediated hemolysis induced by porcine hyperimmune sera containing erythrocyte-specific IgM was abrogated by treatment of these sera with recombinant Ide(Ssuis) . Furthermore, expression of Ide(Ssuis) reduced IgM-triggered complement deposition on the bacterial surface. An infection experiment of prime-vaccinated growing piglets suggested attenuation in the virulence of the mutant 10Δide(Ssuis). Bactericidal assays confirmed a positive effect of Ide(Ssuis) expression on bacterial survival in porcine blood in the presence of high titers of specific IgM. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Ide(Ssuis) is a novel complement evasion factor, which is important for bacterial survival in porcine blood during the early adaptive (IgM-dominated) immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Seele
- Institute for Microbiology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Lena-Maria Hillermann
- Institute for Microbiology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Beate Jaschok-Kentner
- Department of Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Ulrich von Pawel-Rammingen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Peter Valentin-Weigand
- Institute for Microbiology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Christoph Georg Baums
- Institute for Bacteriology and Mycology, Centre of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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26
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Pian Y, Wang P, Liu P, Zheng Y, Zhu L, Wang H, Xu B, Yuan Y, Jiang Y. Proteomics identification of novel fibrinogen-binding proteins of Streptococcus suis contributing to antiphagocytosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:19. [PMID: 25789245 PMCID: PMC4349166 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) induced sepsis and meningitis are often accompanied by bacteremia. However, the mechanism whereby it helps S. suis to evade PMN-mediated phagocytosis remain unclear. Because of the central roles of bacteria-human fibrinogen (hFg) interaction in innate immunity, here, a proteomics based Far-western blotting (PBFWB) was developed to identify the fibrinogen-binding surface proteins of S. suis (SsFBPs) on a large-scale. And then thirteen potential SsFBPs were identified by PBFWB and we selected seven potential surface proteins to further confirm their binding ability to hFg, of which the gene mutant strains of MRP displayed significantly decrease in binding to immobilized hFg. Additionally, the polyclonal antibodies against Enolase were found to significantly inhibit the binding of SS2 to hFg. Strikingly, MRP and Enolase were found to improve the antiphagocytic ability of SS2 to PMNs by interacting with hFg and enhance the survival of SS2 in human blood. Taken together, the PBFWB method provides useful clues to the bacteria-host interactions. These studies firstly disclose MRP and Enolase were involved in immune evasion of SS2 at least in part by binding to Fg, which make them potential targets for therapies for SS2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Pian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China
| | - Pingping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China
| | - Yuling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China
| | - Hengliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China
| | - Bin Xu
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China
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27
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GAP-initiated constitutive expression of a novel plectasin-derived peptide MP1106 by Pichia pastoris and its activity against Streptococcus suis. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Gómez-Zorrilla S, Ardanuy C, Lora-Tamayo J, Cámara J, García-Somoza D, Peña C, Ariza J. Streptococcus suis infection and malignancy in man, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:1067-8. [PMID: 24856779 PMCID: PMC4036790 DOI: 10.3201/eid2006.131167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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29
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Streptococcus suis, an important pig pathogen and emerging zoonotic agent-an update on the worldwide distribution based on serotyping and sequence typing. Emerg Microbes Infect 2014; 3:e45. [PMID: 26038745 PMCID: PMC4078792 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2014.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important pathogen causing economic problems in the pig
industry. Moreover, it is a zoonotic agent causing severe infections to people in close
contact with infected pigs or pork-derived products. Although considered sporadic in the
past, human S. suis infections have been reported during the last 45 years, with
two large outbreaks recorded in China. In fact, the number of reported human cases has
significantly increased in recent years. In this review, we present the worldwide
distribution of serotypes and sequence types (STs), as determined by multilocus sequence
typing, for pigs (between 2002 and 2013) and humans (between 1968 and 2013). The methods
employed for S. suis identification and typing, the current epidemiological
knowledge regarding serotypes and STs and the zoonotic potential of S. suis are
discussed. Increased awareness of S. suis in both human and veterinary diagnostic
laboratories and further establishment of typing methods will contribute to our knowledge
of this pathogen, especially in regions where complete and/or recent data is lacking. More
research is required to understand differences in virulence that occur among S.
suis strains and if these differences can be associated with specific serotypes or
STs.
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30
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Role of capsule and suilysin in mucosal infection of complement-deficient mice with Streptococcus suis. Infect Immun 2014; 82:2460-71. [PMID: 24686060 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00080-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Virulent Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strains are invasive extracellular bacteria causing septicemia and meningitis in piglets and humans. One objective of this study was to elucidate the function of complement in innate immune defense against S. suis. Experimental infection of wild-type (WT) and C3(-/-) mice demonstrated for the first time that the complement system protects naive mice against invasive mucosal S. suis infection. S. suis WT but not an unencapsulated mutant caused mortality associated with meningitis and other pathologies in C3(-/-) mice. The capsule contributed also substantially to colonization of the upper respiratory tract. Experimental infection of C3(-/-) mice with a suilysin mutant indicated that suilysin expression facilitated an early disease onset and the pathogenesis of meningitis. Flow cytometric analysis revealed C3 antigen deposition on the surface of ca. 40% of S. suis WT bacteria after opsonization with naive WT mouse serum, although to a significantly lower intensity than on the unencapsulated mutant. Ex vivo multiplication in murine WT and C3(-/-) blood depended on capsule but not suilysin expression. Interestingly, S. suis invasion of inner organs was also detectable in C5aR(-/-) mice, suggesting that chemotaxis and activation of immune cells via the anaphylatoxin receptor C5aR is, in addition to opsonization, a further important function of the complement system in defense against mucosal S. suis infection. In conclusion, we unequivocally demonstrate here the importance of complement against mucosal S. suis serotype 2 infection and that the capsule of this pathogen is also involved in escape from complement-independent immunity.
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31
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Liu P, Pian Y, Li X, Liu R, Xie W, Zhang C, Zheng Y, Jiang Y, Yuan Y. Streptococcus suis adenosine synthase functions as an effector in evasion of PMN-mediated innate immunit. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:35-45. [PMID: 24446521 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2) is a highly invasive pathogen in pigs and humans that can cause severe systemic infection. Sepsis and meningitis are the most common clinical manifestations of S. suis 2 infection. However, the mechanisms of S. suis 2 surviving in human blood remains unclear, so to identify novel virulence factors in evasion of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-mediated innate immunity play important roles in developing therapies against S. suis 2 infection. Here, we found that S. suis 2 can escape phagocytic clearance by adenosine synthesis in blood. Through bioinformatics-based analyses we identified a cell wall-anchored protein harbors a 5′-nucleotidase signature sequence and evidence strongly indicated that it can convert adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine. It was designated as Ssads (the adenosine synthase of S. suis 2). Furthermore, we found that Ssads could impair PMN's defense against S. suis 2 with decreasing of oxidative activity and degranulation of PMNs in human blood via A₂a receptors. Additionally, this enzyme-deficient mutant was found to have diminished virulence in the piglet infection model. Taken together, these results indicate that Ssads play an important role in S. suis 2 escaping human innate immunity in the context of inhibiting PMN's activity by synthesis of adenosine.
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32
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de Buhr N, Neumann A, Jerjomiceva N, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Baums CG. Streptococcus suis DNase SsnA contributes to degradation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and evasion of NET-mediated antimicrobial activity. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2013; 160:385-395. [PMID: 24222615 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.072199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important cause of different pathologies in pigs and humans, most importantly fibrinosuppurative meningitis. Tissue infected with this pathogen is substantially infiltrated with neutrophils, but the function of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) - a more recently discovered antimicrobial strategy of neutrophils - in host defence against Strep. suis has not been investigated. The objective of this work was to investigate the interaction of Strep. suis with NETs in vitro. Strep. suis induced NET formation in porcine neutrophils and was entrapped but not killed by those NETs. As the amount of NETs decreased over time, we hypothesized that a known extracellular DNase of Strep. suis degrades NETs. Though this nuclease was originally designated Strep. suis-secreted nuclease A (SsnA), this work demonstrated surface association in accordance with an LPXTG cell wall anchor motif and partial release into the supernatant. Confirming our hypothesis, an isogenic ssnA mutant was significantly attenuated in NET degradation and in protection against the antimicrobial activity of NETs as determined in assays with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated human neutrophils. Though assays with PMA-stimulated porcine neutrophils suggested that SsnA also degrades porcine NETs, phenotypic differences between wt and the isogenic ssnA mutant were less distinct. As SsnA expression was crucial for neither growth in vitro nor for survival in porcine or human blood, the results indicated that SsnA is the first specific NET evasion factor to be identified in Strep. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole de Buhr
- Institute for Microbiology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ariane Neumann
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalja Jerjomiceva
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph G Baums
- Institute for Microbiology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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33
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Maneerat K, Yongkiettrakul S, Kramomtong I, Tongtawe P, Tapchaisri P, Luangsuk P, Chaicumpa W, Gottschalk M, Srimanote P. Virulence Genes and Genetic Diversity ofStreptococcus suisSerotype 2 Isolates from Thailand. Transbound Emerg Dis 2013; 60 Suppl 2:69-79. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Maneerat
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences; Thammasat University; Pathumthani Thailand
| | - S. Yongkiettrakul
- Protein-Ligand Engineering and Molecular Biology Laboratory; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Thailand Science Park Pathumthani Thailand
| | - I. Kramomtong
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Veterinary Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - P. Tongtawe
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences; Thammasat University; Pathumthani Thailand
| | - P. Tapchaisri
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences; Thammasat University; Pathumthani Thailand
| | - P. Luangsuk
- Chiang Kham General Hospital; Phayao Thailand
| | - W. Chaicumpa
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences; Thammasat University; Pathumthani Thailand
- Department of Parasitology; Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - M. Gottschalk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Montreal; St-Hyacinthe Quebec Canada
| | - P. Srimanote
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences; Thammasat University; Pathumthani Thailand
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Du H, Huang W, Xie H, Ye C, Jing H, Ren Z, Xu J. The genetically modified suilysin, rSLY(P353L), provides a candidate vaccine that suppresses proinflammatory response and reduces fatality following infection with Streptococcus suis. Vaccine 2013; 31:4209-15. [PMID: 23856333 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a persistent global hazard in the swine industry and an emerging threat to public health. The high mortality in China following outbreaks of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) underscores the urgency for effective prevention. A limited understanding of the pathogenesis of S. suis in STSS may explain the lack of biological products for prevention. Suilysin (SLY) is an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of S. suis. To identify a candidate vaccine for S. suis-induced STSS, we constructed a recombinant non-hemolytic mutant of SLY that has hemagglutination activity, rSLY(P353L), and evaluated its ability to induce inflammatory response and prevent fatal S. suis infection in mice. The rSLY(P353L) mutant, as compared with hemolytic rSLY, elicited lower levels of IL-6, KC and IL-10 at 3h and 5h post-treatment (p<0.05), indicating that hemolytic activity is associated with rSLY-mediated inflammation. Furthermore, passive immunization with anti-SLY(P353L) antisera protected mice from acute death after infection with S. suis SC84 (p<0.05). Effects were not due to protection against tissue damage, as S. suis SC84 caused no detectable histopathological lesions in mice within 24h. However, immunization with rSLY(P353L) caused significantly reduced levels of KC and IL-1β at 6 and 9h post-challenge and IL-6 at 9h post-challenge (p<0.05). In conclusion, rSLY(P353L) may provide a potential vaccine for protection against S. suis-induced STSS due to its reduction in proinflammatory response early in S. suis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamao Du
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
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35
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An ultrasensitive peroxydisulfate electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for Streptococcus suis serotype 2 based on l-cysteine combined with mimicking bi-enzyme synergetic catalysis to in situ generate coreactant. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 43:63-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Abstract
Zoonoses are an issue of growing interest in South-East Asia, where environmental factors and socio-economic context favor the endemization of well-known diseases and the emergence of new pathogens at the human-wildlife interface. However, the health status of the region with respect to many zoonotic diseases remains poorly defined, despite the high overall burden of zoonoses on the countries of the area, and the global risk of new biological threats in the region. The first objective of this paper was to provide an update of data on the zoonoses commonly described by the scientific community and reported by governmental institutions and international organizations in continental South-East Asia. The analysis of the available data led to the identification of some trends in the evolution of the diseases, as well as some gaps in knowledge and in the current surveillance and control networks. In light of these findings, we discuss measures for effectively addressing zoonotic disease issues in South-East Asia, such as the allocation of funds for research and for surveillance and control programs, and a multi-sectoral and multi-disciplinary approach at various levels.
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37
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Tien LHT, Nishibori T, Nishitani Y, Nomoto R, Osawa R. Reappraisal of the taxonomy of Streptococcus suis serotypes 20, 22, 26, and 33 based on DNA-DNA homology and sodA and recN phylogenies. Vet Microbiol 2012; 162:842-849. [PMID: 23245487 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To date, Streptococcus suis was divided into thirty-three serotypes based on its polysaccharide capsular antigens. Although 16S rRNA sequence similarities of serotypes 20, 22, 26, and 33 reference strains to the type strain NCTC 10234(T) were below the threshold value of 98.5% to assign them to S. suis species, no strong evidence support to reclassification. Here, their taxonomic identities were determined by DNA-DNA hybridization assays and by partial sequencing of the sodA and recN genes. Our results confirmed that the serotype 20, 22, 26, and 33 reference strains were distantly related to the type strain NCTC 10234(T) and the whole sequence strain P1/7 of S. suis. Moreover, the reference strains of serotypes 20, 22, and 26 were closely related to each other but distinct from the serotype 33 reference strain. Sequencing analyses of sodA and recN of a total 33 serotype reference strains showed that the serotype 20, 22, and 26 reference strains and the serotype 33 reference strain did not fall with not only other serotypes of S. suis, but also other streptococcal species (63 strains of 56 species for sodA and 87 strains of 55 species for recN). The evidence further substantiates the view that the reference strains of serotypes 20, 22, 26 and 33 should be taxonomically removed from S. suis, although their taxonomic designations and determinative phenotypic characteristics are yet to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Hong Thuy Tien
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nishibori
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nishitani
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nomoto
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokko-dai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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Fittipaldi N, Segura M, Grenier D, Gottschalk M. Virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis of the infection caused by the swine pathogen and zoonotic agent Streptococcus suis. Future Microbiol 2012; 7:259-79. [PMID: 22324994 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.11.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a major swine pathogen responsible for important economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. It is also an emerging zoonotic agent of meningitis and streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome. Since the recent recognition of the high prevalence of S. suis human disease in southeast and east Asia, the interest of the scientific community in this pathogen has significantly increased. In the last few years, as a direct consequence of these intensified research efforts, large amounts of data on putative virulence factors have appeared in the literature. Although the presence of some proposed virulence factors does not necessarily define a S. suis strain as being virulent, several cell-associated or secreted factors are clearly important for the pathogenesis of the S. suis infection. In order to cause disease, S. suis must colonize the host, breach epithelial barriers, reach and survive in the bloodstream, invade different organs, and cause exaggerated inflammation. In this review, we discuss the potential contribution of different described S. suis virulence factors at each step of the pathogenesis of the infection. Finally, we briefly discuss other described virulence factors, virulence factor candidates and virulence markers for which a precise role at specific steps of the pathogenesis of the S. suis infection has not yet been clearly established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahuel Fittipaldi
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc & Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, CP5000, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 7C6, Canada
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Ho Dang Trung N, Le Thi Phuong T, Wolbers M, Nguyen Van Minh H, Nguyen Thanh V, Van MP, Thieu NTV, Le Van T, Song DT, Le Thi P, Thi Phuong TN, Van CB, Tang V, Ngoc Anh TH, Nguyen D, Trung TP, Thi Nam LN, Kiem HT, Thi Thanh TN, Campbell J, Caws M, Day J, de Jong MD, Van Vinh CN, Van Doorn HR, Tinh HT, Farrar J, Schultsz C. Aetiologies of central nervous system infection in Viet Nam: a prospective provincial hospital-based descriptive surveillance study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37825. [PMID: 22662232 PMCID: PMC3360608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) remain common and life-threatening, especially in developing countries. Knowledge of the aetiological agents responsible for these infections is essential to guide empiric therapy and develop a rational public health policy. To date most data has come from patients admitted to tertiary referral hospitals in Asia and there is limited aetiological data at the provincial hospital level where most patients are seen. Methods We conducted a prospective Provincial Hospital-based descriptive surveillance study in adults and children at thirteen hospitals in central and southern Viet Nam between August 2007– April 2010. The pathogens of CNS infection were confirmed in CSF and blood samples by using classical microbiology, molecular diagnostics and serology. Results We recruited 1241 patients with clinically suspected infection of the CNS. An aetiological agent was identified in 640/1241 (52%) of the patients. The most common pathogens were Streptococcus suis serotype 2 in patients older than 14 years of age (147/617, 24%) and Japanese encephalitis virus in patients less than 14 years old (142/624, 23%). Mycobacterium tuberculosis was confirmed in 34/617 (6%) adult patients and 11/624 (2%) paediatric patients. The acute case fatality rate (CFR) during hospital admission was 73/617 (12%) in adults and to 42/624 (7%) in children. Conclusions Zoonotic bacterial and viral pathogens are the most common causes of CNS infection in adults and children in Viet Nam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghia Ho Dang Trung
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- * E-mail:
| | - Tu Le Thi Phuong
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Marcel Wolbers
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hoang Nguyen Van Minh
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Vinh Nguyen Thanh
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Minh Pham Van
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nga Tran Vu Thieu
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Tan Le Van
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Diep To Song
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong Le Thi
- Dong Thap Provincial Hospital, Dong Thap Province, Viet Nam
| | | | - Cong Bui Van
- Kien Giang Provincial Hospital, Kien Giang Province, Viet Nam
| | - Vu Tang
- Soc Trang Provincial Hospital, Soc Trang Province, Viet Nam
| | | | - Dong Nguyen
- Khanh Hoa Provincial Hospital, Khanh Hoa Province, Viet Nam
| | | | | | - Hao Tran Kiem
- Hue Central Hospital, Thua Thien – Hue Province, Viet Nam
| | | | - James Campbell
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maxine Caws
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Day
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Menno D. de Jong
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - H. Rogier Van Doorn
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hien Tran Tinh
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Jeremy Farrar
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ge Y, Wu J, Xia Y, Yang M, Xiao J, Yu J. Molecular dynamics simulation of the complex PBP-2x with drug cefuroxime to explore the drug resistance mechanism of Streptococcus suis R61. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35941. [PMID: 22563422 PMCID: PMC3338546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance of Streptococcus suis strains is a worldwide problem for both humans and pigs. Previous studies have noted that penicillin-binding protein (PBPs) mutation is one important cause of β-lactam antibiotic resistance. In this study, we used the molecular dynamics (MD) method to study the interaction differences between cefuroxime (CES) and PBP2x within two newly sequenced Streptococcus suis: drug-sensitive strain A7, and drug-resistant strain R61. The MM-PBSA results proved that the drug bound much more tightly to PBP2x in A7 (PBP2x-A7) than to PBP2x in R61 (PBP2x-R61). This is consistent with the evidently different resistances of the two strains to cefuroxime. Hydrogen bond analysis indicated that PBP2x-A7 preferred to bind to cefuroxime rather than to PBP2x-R61. Three stable hydrogen bonds were formed by the drug and PBP2x-A7, while only one unstable bond existed between the drug and PBP2x-R61. Further, we found that the Gln569, Tyr594, and Gly596 residues were the key mutant residues contributing directly to the different binding by pair wise energy decomposition comparison. By investigating the binding mode of the drug, we found that mutant residues Ala320, Gln553, and Thr595 indirectly affected the final phenomenon by topological conformation alteration. Above all, our results revealed some details about the specific interaction between the two PBP2x proteins and the drug cefuroxime. To some degree, this explained the drug resistance mechanism of Streptococcus suis and as a result could be helpful for further drug design or improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ge
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Revolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfa Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Severe cochlear inflammation and vestibular syndrome in an experimental model of Streptococcus suis infection in mice. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 31:2391-400. [PMID: 22382820 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-012-1581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hearing impairment is a common and frequently permanent sequel of Streptococcus suis meningitis in humans. Nevertheless, mechanisms underlying the development of cochlear damage have not been addressed so far. In the present work, we characterized a mouse model of suppurative labyrinthitis and meningitis induced by a systemic infection with S. suis and studied the impact of the injected bacterial dosage on the progression of such inflammatory events. We observed that high infection doses of bacteria lead to sustained bacteremia, with an increase in the permeability of the blood-labyrinth and blood-brain barriers, causing suppurative labyrinthitis and meningitis, respectively. However, in mice infected with a low dose of S. suis, bacteria disappeared quickly from blood, hence, cochlear inflammation and meningitis were not consistent features. This model of S. suis infection seems ideal to evaluate novel drugs that may help alleviate the negative consequences of such important sequelae of S. suis-induced meningitis and labyrinthitis.
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Hu P, Yang M, Zhang A, Wu J, Chen B, Hua Y, Yu J, Chen H, Xiao J, Jin M. Comparative genomics study of multi-drug-resistance mechanisms in the antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus suis R61 strain. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24988. [PMID: 21966396 PMCID: PMC3180280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus suis infections are a serious problem for both humans and pigs worldwide. The emergence and increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant S. suis strains pose significant clinical and societal challenges. RESULTS In our study, we sequenced one multi-drug-resistant S. suis strain, R61, and one S. suis strain, A7, which is fully sensitive to all tested antibiotics. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the R61 strain is phylogenetically distinct from other S. suis strains, and the genome of R61 exhibits extreme levels of evolutionary plasticity with high levels of gene gain and loss. Our results indicate that the multi-drug-resistant strain R61 has evolved three main categories of resistance. CONCLUSIONS Comparative genomic analysis of S. suis strains with diverse drug-resistant phenotypes provided evidence that horizontal gene transfer is an important evolutionary force in shaping the genome of multi-drug-resistant strain R61. In this study, we discovered novel and previously unexamined mutations that are strong candidates for conferring drug resistance. We believe that these mutations will provide crucial clues for designing new drugs against this pathogen. In addition, our work provides a clear demonstration that the use of drugs has driven the emergence of the multi-drug-resistant strain R61.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hu
- Division of Animal Infectious Disease in the State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Anding Zhang
- Division of Animal Infectious Disease in the State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- Division of Animal Infectious Disease in the State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafeng Hua
- Division of Animal Infectious Disease in the State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- Division of Animal Infectious Disease in the State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfa Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (JX); (MJ)
| | - Meilin Jin
- Division of Animal Infectious Disease in the State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (JX); (MJ)
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Kerdsin A, Dejsirilert S, Puangpatra P, Sripakdee S, Chumla K, Boonkerd N, Polwichai P, Tanimura S, Takeuchi D, Nakayama T, Nakamura S, Akeda Y, Gottschalk M, Sawanpanyalert P, Oishi K. Genotypic profile of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and clinical features of infection in humans, Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17:835-42. [PMID: 21529392 PMCID: PMC3321758 DOI: 10.3201/eid1705.100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine associations between clinical features of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infections in humans in Thailand and genotypic profiles of isolates, we conducted a retrospective study during 2006–2008. Of 165 patients for whom bacterial cultures of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or both were positive for S. suis serotype 2, the major multilocus sequence types (STs) found were ST1 (62.4%) and ST104 (25.5%); the latter is unique to Thailand. Clinical features were examined for 158 patients. Infections were sporadic; case-fatality rate for adults was 9.5%, primarily in northern Thailand. Disease incidence peaked during the rainy season. Disease was classified as meningitis (58.9%) or nonmeningitis (41.1%, and included sepsis [35.4%] and others [5.7%]). Although ST1 strains were significantly associated with the meningitis category (p<0.0001), ST104 strains were significantly associated with the nonmeningitis category (p<0.0001). The ST1 and ST104 strains are capable of causing sepsis, but only the ST1 strains commonly cause meningitis.
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Kim H, Lee SH, Moon HW, Kim JY, Lee SH, Hur M, Yun YM. Streptococcus suis causes septic arthritis and bacteremia: phenotypic characterization and molecular confirmation. Korean J Lab Med 2011; 31:115-7. [PMID: 21474987 PMCID: PMC3115998 DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2011.31.2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a swine pathogen that causes meningitis, septicemia, pneumonia, and endocarditis. The first case of human S. suis infection was reported in Denmark in 1968, and since then, this infection with has been reported in many countries, especially in Southeast Asia because of the high density of pigs in this region. We report the case of a patient with septic arthritis and bacteremia caused by S. suis. Cases in which S. suis is isolated from the joint fluid are very rare, and to the best of our knowledge, this is first case report of S. suis infection in Korea. The identity of this organism was confirmed by phenotypic characterization and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. An 81-yr-old Korean woman who presented with fever, arthralgia, and headache was admitted to a secondary referral center in Korea. Culture of aspirated joint fluid and blood samples showed the growth of S. suis biotype II, which was identified by the Vitek2 GPI and API 20 Strep systems (bioMérieux, USA), and this organism was susceptible to penicillin G and vancomycin. The 16S rRNA sequences of the blood culture isolates showed 99% homology with those of S. suis subsp. suis, which are reported in GenBank. The patient's fever subsided, and blood and joint cultures were negative for bacterial growth after antibiotic therapy; however, the swelling and pain in her left knee joint persisted. She plans to undergo total knee replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanah Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Huh HJ, Park KJ, Jang JH, Lee M, Lee JH, Ahn YH, Kang CI, Ki CS, Lee NY. Streptococcus suis meningitis with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Korean J Lab Med 2011; 31:205-11. [PMID: 21779197 PMCID: PMC3129354 DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2011.31.3.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis infection is an emerging zoonosis in Asia. The most common disease manifestation is meningitis, which is often associated with hearing loss and cochleovestibular signs. S. suis infection in humans mainly occurs among risk groups that have frequent exposure to pigs or raw pork. Here, we report a case of S. suis meningitis in a 67-yr-old pig carcass handler, who presented with dizziness and sensorineural hearing loss followed by headaches. Gram-positive diplococci were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood cultures and showed gray-white colonies with α-hemolysis. S. suis was identified from CSF and blood cultures by using a Vitek 2 system (bioMérieux, France), API 20 STREP (bioMérieux), and performing 16S rRNA and tuf gene sequencing. Even after receiving antibiotic treatment, patients with S. suis infection frequently show complications such as hearing impairment and vestibular dysfunction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of S. suis meningitis in Korea. Prevention through public health surveillance is recommended, especially for individuals who have occupational exposures to swine and raw pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jae Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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In vitro characterization of the microglial inflammatory response to Streptococcus suis, an important emerging zoonotic agent of meningitis. Infect Immun 2010; 78:5074-85. [PMID: 20876287 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00698-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important swine and human pathogen responsible for septicemia and meningitis. In vivo research in mice suggested that in the brain, microglia might be involved in activating the inflammatory response against S. suis. The aim of this study was to better understand the interactions between S. suis and microglia. Murine microglial cells were infected with a virulent wild-type strain of S. suis. Two isogenic mutants deficient at either capsular polysaccharide (CPS) or hemolysin production were also included. CPS contributed to S. suis resistance to phagocytosis and regulated the inflammatory response by hiding proinflammatory components from the bacterial cell wall, while the absence of hemolysin, a potential cytotoxic factor, did not have a major impact on S. suis interactions with microglia. Wild-type S. suis induced enhanced expression of Toll-like receptor 2 by microglial cells, as well as phosphotyrosine, protein kinase C, and different mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling events. However, cells infected with the CPS-deficient mutant showed overall stronger and more sustained phosphorylation profiles. CPS also modulated inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and further nitric oxide production from S. suis-infected microglia. Finally, S. suis-induced NF-κB translocation was faster for cells stimulated with the CPS-deficient mutant, suggesting that bacterial cell wall components are potent inducers of NF-κB. These results contribute to increase the knowledge of mechanisms underlying S. suis inflammation in the brain and will be useful in designing more efficient anti-inflammatory strategies for meningitis.
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Streptococcus suis Infections in Humans: What is the prognosis for Western countries? (Part I). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Ngom B, Guo Y, Wang X, Bi D. Development and application of lateral flow test strip technology for detection of infectious agents and chemical contaminants: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:1113-35. [PMID: 20422164 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the laboratory has been a result of improvements in rapid analytical techniques. An update of the applications of lateral flow tests (also called immunochromatographic assay or test strip) is presented in this review manuscript. We emphasized the description of this technology in the detection of a variety of biological agents and chemical contaminants (e.g. veterinary drugs, toxins and pesticides). It includes outstanding data, such as sample treatment, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and reproducibility. Lateral flow tests provide advantages in simplicity and rapidity when compared to the conventional detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babacar Ngom
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Hu Q, Liu P, Yu Z, Zhao G, Li J, Teng L, Zhou M, Bei W, Chen H, Jin M. Identification of a cell wall-associated subtilisin-like serine protease involved in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Microb Pathog 2010; 48:103-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 10/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Gottschalk M, Xu J, Calzas C, Segura M. Streptococcus suis: a new emerging or an old neglected zoonotic pathogen? Future Microbiol 2010; 5:371-91. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.10.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Streptococcus suis are considered a global and an economical problem in the swine industry. Moreover, S. suis is an agent of zoonosis that afflicts people in close contact with infected pigs or pork-derived products. Although sporadic cases of S. suis infections in humans (mainly meningitis) have been reported during the last 40 years, a large outbreak due to this pathogen emerged in the summer of 2005 in China. The severity of the infection in humans during the outbreak, such as a shorter incubation time, more rapid disease progression and higher rate of mortality, attracted a lot of attention from the scientific community and the general press. In fact, the number of publications on S. suis (including the number of reported human cases) has significantly increased during recent years. In this article we critically review the present knowledge on S. suis infection in humans, we discuss the hypotheses that may explain the 2005 outbreak and the repercussion of such an episode on the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Gottschalk
- Streptococcus suis Research Laboratory & International Reference Laboratory for S. suis Serotyping, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Université de Montréal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping Disrict, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cynthia Calzas
- Laboratory of Immunology & Streptococcus suis Research Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Université de Montréal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Université de Montréal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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