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Zuo J, Yuan Y, Qing M, Chen Y, Huang H, Zhou J, Bai L, Liang H. Surface-Activated Ti 3C 2T x Adsorption of Acetylene Black Coupled with Polyaniline as a Signal Tag for the Detection of the ESAT-6 Antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17300-17312. [PMID: 38557010 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) is regarded as the most immunogenic protein produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, whose detection is of great clinical significance for tuberculosis diagnosis. However, the detection of the ESAT-6 antigen has been hampered by the expensive cost and complex experimental procedures, resulting in low sensitivity. Herein, we developed a titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx)-based aptasensor for ESAT-6 detection utilizing a triple-signal amplification strategy. First, acetylene black (AB) was immobilized on Ti3C2Tx through a cross-linking reaction to form the Ti3C2Tx-AB-PAn nanocomposite. Meanwhile, AB served as a conductive bridge, and Ti3C2Tx can synergistically promote the electron transfer of PAn. Ti3C2Tx-AB-PAn exhibited outstanding conductivity, high electrochemical signals, and abundant sites for the loading of ESAT-6 binding aptamer II (EBA II) to form a novel signal tag. Second, N-CNTs were adsorbed on NiMn layered double hydride (NiMn LDH) nanoflowers to obtain NiMn LDH/N-CNTs, exhibiting excellent conductivity and preeminent stability to be used as electrode modification materials. Third, the biotinylated EBA (EBA I) was immobilized onto a streptavidin-coated sensing interface, forming an amplification platform for further signal enhancement. More importantly, as a result of the synergistic effect of the triple-signal amplification platform, the aptasensor exhibited a wide detection linear range from 10 fg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 and a detection limit of 4.07 fg mL-1 for ESAT-6. We envision that our aptasensor provides a way for the detection of ESAT-6 to assist in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Zuo
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yonghua Yuan
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Min Qing
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jiaxu Zhou
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
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Karbalaei M, Mosavat A, Soleimanpour S, Farsiani H, Ghazvini K, Amini AA, Sankian M, Rezaee SA. Production and Evaluation of Ag85B:HspX:hFcγ1 Immunogenicity as an Fc Fusion Recombinant Multi-Stage Vaccine Candidate Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:127. [PMID: 38575759 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
An urgent need is to introduce an effective vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection. In the present study, a multi-stage M.tb immunodominant Fcγ1 fusion protein (Ag85B:HspX:hFcγ1) was designed and produced, and the immunogenicity of purified protein was evaluated. This recombinant fusion protein was produced in the Pichia pastoris expression system. The HiTrap-rPA column affinity chromatography purified and confirmed the fusion protein using ELISA and Western blotting methods. The co-localisation assay was used to confirm its proper folding and function. IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-4, and TGF-β expression in C57BL/6 mice then evaluated the immunogenicity of the construct in the presence and absence of BCG. After expression optimisation, medium-scale production and the Western blotting test confirmed suitable production of Ag85B:HspX:hFcγ1. The co-localisation results on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) showed that Ag85B:HspX:hFcγ1 properly folded and bound to hFcγRI. This strong co-localisation with its receptor can confirm inducing proper Th1 responses. The in vivo immunisation assay showed no difference in the expression of IL-4 but a substantial increase in the expression of IFN-γ and IL-12 (P ≤ 0.02) and a moderate increase in TGF-β (P = 0.05). In vivo immunisation assay revealed that Th1-inducing pathways have been stimulated, as IFN-γ and IL-12 strongly, and TGF-β expression moderately increased in Ag85B:HspX:hFcγ1 group and Ag85B:HspX:hFcγ1+BCG. Furthermore, the production of IFN-γ from splenocytes in the Ag85B:HspX:hFcγ1 group was enormously higher than in other treatments. Therefore, this Fc fusion protein can make a selective multi-stage delivery system for inducing appropriate Th1 responses and is used as a subunit vaccine alone or in combination with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Arman Mosavat
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Farsiani
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Amini
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sankian
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Faculty of Medicine, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi-Square, Medical Campus, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran.
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Huang H, Chen Y, Zuo J, Deng C, Fan J, Bai L, Guo S. MXene-incorporated C 60NPs and Au@Pt with dual-electric signal outputs for accurate detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6 antigen. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 242:115734. [PMID: 37832350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and effective detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is the crux of minimizing tuberculosis (TB) spread. Consequently, a new electrochemical aptasensor based on dual-signal output for ultrasensitive detection of MTB early secreted antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) antigen was developed. Especially, a new nanocomposite MXene/C60NPs/Au@Pt was synthesized for signal generation and amplification. In this biosensing architecture, dual independent signal outputs were achieved by coupling the electrochemical redox activity of fullerene nanoparticles (C60NPs) with the effective electrocatalytic activity of Au@Pt nanoparticles. MXene possesses a large specific surface area, allowing densely loaded of these two electroactive materials, further improved sensing capability. In addition, specific ESAT-6 antigen binding aptamers were attached to Au@Pt to create the tracer label. With a typical sandwich format along with the introduction of the gold nanoparticle-loaded molybdenum disulfide (MoS2-Au) as the sensing interface, the limit of detection (LOD) of the proposed aptasensor was 2.88 fg mL-1 (DPV measurement) and 13.50 fg mL-1 (IT measurement), respectively, with a broad linear range of 100 fg mL-1 to 50 ng mL-1. Significantly, it exhibited better specificity and accuracy with a sensitivity of 97.5% and a specificity of 96.7% to distinguish healthy donors, other lung diseases and TB patients compared to commercial ELISA assay, holding a promising prospect in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Jianli Zuo
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Can Deng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Junling Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Lijuan Bai
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
| | - Shuliang Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
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Starshinova A, Kudryavtsev I, Rubinstein A, Malkova A, Dovgaluk I, Kudlay D. Tuberculosis and COVID-19 Dually Affect Human Th17 Cell Immune Response. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2123. [PMID: 37626620 PMCID: PMC10452633 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 infection not only profoundly impacts the detection of tuberculosis infection (Tbc) but also affects modality in tuberculosis patient immune response. It is important to determine immune response alterations in latent tuberculosis infection as well as in SARS-CoV-2-infected tuberculosis patients. Such changes may have underlying effects on the development and course of further tuberculosis. Here, we aimed to review the characteristics of immune response in TB patients or convalescent COVID-19 patients with latent TB infection (LTBI). MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the features of immune response in tuberculosis and COVID-19 patients. For this, we analyzed publications released from December 2019 to March 2023; those which were published in accessible international databases ("Medline", "PubMed", "Scopus") and with keywords such as "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "tuberculosis", "pulmonary tuberculosis", "latent tuberculosis infection", "Treg", "follicular Treg", and "Treg subsets", we considered. RESULTS Through our analysis, we found that tuberculosis patients who had been infected with COVID-19 previously and elevated Th1 and Th2 cell levels. High levels of Th1 and Th2 cells may serve as a positive marker, characterizing activated immune response during TB infection. COVID-19 or post-COVID-19 subjects showed decreased Th17 levels, indicating a lack of tuberculosis development. Moreover, the typical course of tuberculosis is associated with an increase in Treg level, but COVID-19 contributes to a hyperinflammatory response. CONCLUSION According to the data obtained, the course of tuberculosis proceeds in a dissimilar way due to the distinct immune response, elicited by SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, the development of active tuberculosis with a severe course is associated with a decline in Treg levels. Both pathogens lead to disturbed immune responses, increasing the risk of developing severe TB. The insights and findings of this paper may be used to improve the future management of individuals with latent and active tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starshinova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor Kudryavtsev
- Department of Immunology, Institution of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St-Petersburg, Russia; (I.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Artem Rubinstein
- Department of Immunology, Institution of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St-Petersburg, Russia; (I.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Anna Malkova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Irina Dovgaluk
- Phthisiopulmonology Department, Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 191036 St-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Kudlay
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia
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Hua Y, Hu F, Ren X, Xiong Y, Hu J, Su F, Tang X, Wen Y. A novel aptamer-G-quadruplex/hemin self-assembling color system: rapid visual diagnosis of invasive fungal infections. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:35. [PMID: 37170137 PMCID: PMC10176924 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical symptoms of invasive fungal infections (IFI) are nonspecific, and early clinical diagnosis is challenging, resulting in high mortality rates. This study reports the development of a novel aptamer-G-quadruplex/hemin self-assembling color system (AGSCS) based on (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans' detection for rapid, specific and visual diagnosis of IFI. METHODS We screened high affinity and specificity ssDNA aptamers binding to (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans, the main components of cell wall from Candida albicans via Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment. Next, a comparison of diagnostic efficiency of AGSCS and the (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans assay ("G test") with regard to predicting IFI in 198 clinical serum samples was done. RESULTS Water-soluble (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were successfully isolated from C. albicans ATCC 10,231 strain, and these low degree of polymerization glucans (< 1.7 kD) were targeted for aptamer screening with the complementary sequences of G-quadruplex. Six high affinity single stranded DNA aptamers (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 and A6) were found. The linear detection range for (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans stretched from 1.6 pg/mL to 400 pg/mL on a microplate reader, and the detection limit was 3.125 pg/mL using naked eye observation. Using a microplate reader, the sensitivity and specificity of AGSCS for the diagnosis of IFI were 92.68% and 89.65%, respectively, which was higher than that of the G test. CONCLUSION This newly developed visual diagnostic method for detecting IFI showed promising results and is expected to be developed as a point-of-care testing kit to enable quick and cost effective diagnosis of IFI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hua
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Xia Ren
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, No.22, Wenchang Xi Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Yueling Xiong
- Centre of Translational Medicine and Vascular Disease Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Kangfu Road 10#, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Hu
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, No.22, Wenchang Xi Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Su
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, No.22, Wenchang Xi Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- Centre of Translational Medicine and Vascular Disease Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Kangfu Road 10#, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
| | - Yufeng Wen
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, No.22, Wenchang Xi Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China.
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Tayal D, Sethi P, Jain P. Point-of-care test for tuberculosis: a boon in diagnosis. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2023; 94. [PMID: 37114932 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2023.2528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is an effective measure to eradicate this infectious disease worldwide. Traditional methods for screening TB patients do not provide an immediate diagnosis and thus delay treatment. There is an urgent need for the early detection of TB through point-of-care tests (POCTs). Several POCTs are widely available at primary healthcare facilities that assist in TB screening. In addition to the currently used POCTs, advancements in technology have led to the discovery of newer methods that provide accurate and fast information independent of access to laboratory facilities. In the present article, the authors tried to include and describe the potential POCTs for screening TB in patients. Several molecular diagnostic tests, such as nucleic acid amplification tests, including GeneXpert and TB-loop-mediated isothermal amplification, are currently being used as POCTs. Besides these methods, the pathogenic component of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can also be utilized as a biomarker for screening purposes through immunological assays. Similarly, the host immune response to infection has also been utilized as a marker for the diagnosis of TB. These novel biomarkers might include Mtb85, interferon-γ inducible protein-10, volatile organic compounds, acute-phase proteins, etc. Radiological tests have also been observed as POCTs in the TB screening POCT panel. Various POCTs are performed on samples other than sputum, which further eases the screening process. These POCTs should not require large-scale manpower and infrastructure. Hence, POCT should be able to identify patients with M. tuberculosis infection at the primary healthcare level only. There are several other advanced techniques that have been proposed as future POCTs and have been discussed in the present article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Tayal
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease, New Delhi.
| | - Prabhpreet Sethi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease, New Delhi.
| | - Prerna Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease, New Delhi.
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Mok J, Kim E, Kang M, Jeon J, Ban C. Development of an optical sandwich ELONA using a pair of DNA aptamers for yellow fever virus NS1. Talanta 2023; 253:123979. [PMID: 36208558 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Here, we proposed an enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay (ELONA) for yellow fever (YF) diagnosis that uses a pair of aptamers, YFns1-4 and YFns1-31. The aptamers were selected to specifically bind to nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), which is secreted at a high concentration after YF infection. We applied the aptamers which did not interfere with each other on binding to the NS1 in a sandwich ELONA. In the assay, the best detection sensitivity was obtained when the combination of YFns1-31 as a capture aptamer and YFns1-4 as a detect aptamer was used. The sensitivity could be attributed to the results of the direct ELONA with each YFns1-4 and YFns1-31; a great absorbance intensity and a broad detectable range of NS1, respectively. The sandwich ELONA achieved a low detection limit of 0.85 nM in buffer and was highly specific to the YFV-NS1 as its detection signals were significantly distinct from those of other flavivirus-derived NS1. In addition, the assay showed a desirable sensitivity in serum-spiked condition. Our developed sandwich ELONA can be a new practical and applicable serological diagnostics in YF endemic regions where other flaviviruses coexist and facilities for complex diagnostic tests are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Mok
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeong-buk, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeong-buk, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeong-buk, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseong Jeon
- POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeong-buk, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Changill Ban
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeong-buk, 790-784, Republic of Korea.
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Usharani N, Kanth SV, Saravanan N. Current nanotechnological strategies using lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and metal conjugates-based carrier systems for diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:262-272. [PMID: 36521715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a fatal disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with highest morbidity and mortality every year. The evolution of anti-TB drugs is promising in controlling and treating TB. Yet, the drug response varies depending on the bacterial load and host immunological profiles. The prolonged anti-TB treatment regimen and high pill burden leads to poor adherence to treatment and acquired drug resistance. In the clinical arena, sustainable nanotechnology improves the targeted strategies leading to enhance therapeutic recovery with minimum treatment duration and virtuous drug adherence. Determinants of nanosystems are the size, nature, formulation techniques, stable dosing patterns, bioavailability and toxicity. In the treatment of chronic illness, nanomedicines inclusive of biological macromolecules such as lipids, peptides, and nucleic acids occur to be a successive alternative to synthetic carriers. Most biological nanomaterials possess antimicrobial properties with other intrinsic characteristics. Recently, the pulmonary delivery of anti-TB drugs through polymeric nanocarrier systems is shown to be effective in achieving optimal drug levels in lungs for longer duration, enhanced tissue permeation and sustained systemic clearance. This thematic review provides a holistic insight into the nanodelivery systems pertinent to the therapeutic applications in pulmonary tuberculosis describing the choice of carriers, optimized process, metabolic action and excretion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Usharani
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Swarna Vinodh Kanth
- Centre for Human and Organizational Resources Development, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Natarajan Saravanan
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India.
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Fang Y, You XF, Wang QH, Li JH, Huang Y. High value of early secretory antigenic target-6 and culture filtrate protein-10 in diagnosis of IgA nephropathy with renal tuberculosis: a retrospective study. Am J Med Sci 2022; 364:638-645. [PMID: 35777424 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) associated with renal tuberculosis (RT). METHODS Forty patients with IgAN (IgAN group), 32 patients with RT (RT group), and 52 patients with IgAN associated with RT (IgAN + RT group) were retrospectively selected for this study. A tuberculin skin test (TST) was conducted, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antibody levels were measured. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to determine the expression of ESAT-6 and CFP-10 proteins in renal tissues. RESULTS The positive results of TST and levels of serum and urinary MTB antibodies were higher in the RT group than in the IgAN + RT group. The expression levels of ESAT-6 and CFP-10 proteins were the highest in the IgAN + RT group and lowest in the IgAN group. The receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that the area under curve (AUC) value of the ESAT-6 protein for the diagnosis of IgAN associated with RT was 0.907 and the cut-off value of the integral optical density (IOD) was 26.72. Diagnosis based on ESAT-6 protein levels showed 75% sensitivity and 94.2% specificity. The AUC value of the CFP-10 protein for the diagnosis of IgAN associated with RT was 0.8 and the cut-off value of IOD was 25.67. Detection based on CFP-10 protein levels showed 63.9% sensitivity and 84.6% specificity. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence for the potential of ESAT-6 and CFP-10 proteins as candidate markers in the diagnosis of IgAN associated with RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fang
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Fang You
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China.
| | - Qing-Hui Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Hui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth People`s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
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10
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Chen J, Zhou J, Peng Y, Xie Y, Xiao Y. Aptamers: A prospective tool for infectious diseases diagnosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24725. [PMID: 36245423 PMCID: PMC9701868 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that people's health is seriously threatened by various pathogens (such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Treponema pallidum, Novel coronavirus, HIV, Mucor, etc.), which leads to heavy socioeconomic burdens. Therefore, early and accurate pathogen diagnosis is essential for timely and effective therapies. Up to now, diagnosing human contagious diseases at molecule and nano levels is remarkably difficult owing to insufficient valid probes when it comes to determining the biological markers of pathogens. Aptamers are a set of high‐specificity and high‐sensitivity plastic oligonucleotides screened in vitro via the selective expansion of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). With the advent of aptamer‐based technologies, their merits have aroused mounting academic interest. In recent years, as new detection and treatment tools, nucleic acid aptamers have been extensively utilized in the field of biomedicine, such as pathogen detection, new drug development, clinical diagnosis, nanotechnology, etc. However, the traditional SELEX method is cumbersome and has a long screening cycle, and it takes several months to screen out aptamers with high specificity. With the persistent development of SELEX‐based aptamer screening technologies, the application scenarios of aptamers have become more and more extensive. The present research briefly reviews the research progress of nucleic acid aptamers in the field of biomedicine, especially in the diagnosis of contagious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiahuan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yunchi Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yafeng Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yongjian Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Chen H, Li S, Zhao W, Deng J, Yan Z, Zhang T, Wen SA, Guo H, Li L, Yuan J, Zhang H, Ma L, Zheng J, Gao M, Pang Y. A Peptidomic Approach to Identify Novel Antigen Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:4617-4626. [PMID: 36003990 PMCID: PMC9394730 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s373652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Here, we conducted a peptidomic study in murine model to identify novel antigen biomarkers for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) with improved performance. Methods Four recombinant proteins, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein 32 (MPT32), Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein 64 (MPT64), culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP10), and phosphate ABC transporter substrate-binding lipoprotein (PstS1) were expressed and intravenously injected into BALB/c mice. The serum were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The concentrations of candidate peptides in serum of suspected TB patients were determined using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results A total of 65 peptides from 4 MTB precursor recombinant proteins were identified in mouse serum by LC-MS/MS, of which 5 peptides were selected as candidates for serological analysis. The concentrations of peptides MPT64-2, CFP10-2 and PstS1-2 in TB patients were significantly higher than those in non-TB patients. MPT64-2 exhibited the most promising sensitivity (81.4%), followed by PstS1-2 and CFP10-2. In addition, PstS1-2 had the highest specificity (93.3%), followed by CFP10-2 and MPT64-2. According to the area under the curve (AUC), MPT64-2 (AUC = 0.863), PstS1-2 (AUC = 0.812) and CFP10-2 (AUC = 0.809) exhibited better diagnostic validity. Conclusion We develop an effective approach to identify new antigen biomarkers via LC-MS/MS-based peptidomics. Multiple peptides exhibit promising efficacy in diagnosis of active TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chen
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Zhao
- Clinical Trial Agency Office, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaheng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuohong Yan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu' An Wen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Guo
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Electral Safety Research & Development Center, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Yuan
- Electral Safety Research & Development Center, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Ma
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqiu Gao
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Cheng P, Wang L, Gong W. In silico Analysis of Peptide-Based Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prevention of Latent Tuberculosis Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:947852. [PMID: 35836423 PMCID: PMC9273951 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.947852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is the primary source of active tuberculosis (ATB), but there are no specific methods for diagnosing and preventing LTBI. Methods Dominant T and B cell epitopes predicted from five antigens related to LTBI and Mycobacterium tuberculosis region of difference (LTBI-RD) were used to construct a novel polypeptide molecule (PPM). Then, the physicochemical properties, secondary structure, tertiary structure of the PPM, and its binding ability to toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 were analyzed by bioinformatics tools. Finally, immune stimulation and expression optimization of the PPM were carried out. Results Four helper T lymphocytes (HTL) epitopes, five cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) epitopes, and three B cell epitopes were predicted and screened from five LTBI-RD related antigens. These epitopes were connected in series with linkers and adjuvants to construct a novel PPM termed C543P. The results indicated that antigenicity and immunogenicity scores of the C543P candidate were 0.936399 and 1.36469, respectively. The structural analysis results showed that the C543P candidate had good stability. Its secondary structure contained 43.6% α-helix, the Z-score after tertiary structure optimization was −7.9, and the Ramachandran diagram showed that 88.77% amino acid residues of the C543P candidate were in the allowable region. Furthermore, the C543P candidate showed an excellent affinity to TLR2 (−1091.7kcal/mol) and TLR4 (−1102.7kcal/mol). In addition, we also analyzed the immunological characteristics of the C543P candidate. Immune stimulation prediction showed that the C543P candidate could effectively activate T and B lymphocytes and produce high levels of Th1 cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-2. Conclusion We constructed a novel PPM with acceptable antigenicity, immunogenicity, stability, and ability to induce robust immune responses. This study provides a new diagnostic biomarker or peptides-based vaccine for LTBI diagnosis and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cheng
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8 Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The 8 Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Liang Wang,
| | - Wenping Gong
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8 Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wenping Gong,
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13
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Soni A, Guliani A, Nehra K, Mehta PK. Insight into diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis with special focus on nucleic acid amplification tests. Expert Rev Respir Med 2022; 16:887-906. [PMID: 35728039 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2022.2093189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pleural tuberculosis (TB) is the archetype of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB), which mainly affects the pleural space and leads to exudative pleural effusion. Diagnosis of pleural TB is a difficult task predominantly due to atypical clinical presentations and sparse bacillary load in clinical specimens. AREA COVERED We reviewed the current literature on the globally existing conventional/latest modalities for diagnosing pleural TB. Bacteriological examination (smear/culture), tuberculin skin testing/interferon-γ release assays, biochemical testing, imaging and histopathological/cytological examination are the main modalities. Moreover, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), i.e. loop-mediated isothermal amplification, PCR/multiplex-PCR, nested-PCR, real-time PCR and GeneXpert® MTB/RIF are being utilized. Currently, GeneXpert Ultra, Truenat MTBTM, detection of circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cell-free DNA by NAATs, aptamer-linked immobilized sorbent assay and immuno-PCR (I-PCR) have also been exploited. EXPERT OPINION Routine tests are not adequate for effective pleural TB diagnosis. The latest molecular/immunological tests as discussed above, and the other tools, i.e. real-time I-PCR/nanoparticle-based I-PCR and identification of Mtb biomarkers within urinary/serum extracellular vesicles being utilized for pulmonary TB and other EPTB types may also be exploited to diagnose pleural TB. Reliable diagnosis and early therapy would reduce the serious complications associated with pleural TB, i.e. TB empyema, pleural fibrosis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Soni
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonipat-131039, India
| | - Astha Guliani
- Department of TB & Respiratory Medicine, Pt. BD Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Kiran Nehra
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonipat-131039, India
| | - Promod K Mehta
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
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14
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Kumari P, Dhiman A, Lavania S, Sharma P, Rath D, Anthwal D, Gupta RK, Kochar A, Sharma N, Gadpayle A, Taneja R, Sharma L, Haldar S, Sharma TK, Tyagi JS. Assessment of DNA aptamers targeting GlcB and HspX antigens for application in the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 134:102206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Chen J, Zhao Y, Feng W. Selection and Characterization of DNA Aptamers Targeting hLCN6 Protein for Sperm Capture. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:2565-2580. [PMID: 35171466 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is an urgent and difficult task to establish a simple and efficient method for identifying and isolating sperm cells from mixed stains in forensic science. In this project, we developed a DNA aptamer-based system for sperm separation and purification from mixed stain samples by targeting sperm surface proteins. Human lipocalin 6 (hLCN6) is an epididymal secreted protein that binds to the head and tail of sperm cells and associated with sperm maturation. Using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technology, aptamers that bind with high affinity and specificity to hLCN6 were screened from a random single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) library using magnetic bead-bound hLCN6 as target. The enriched library was obtained after 15 SELEX rounds. Of hLCN6-binding aptamer variants, 19 were further classified into one of the four groups based on their N60 random sequence regions, wherein one representative from each group was characterized. Prediction analysis of the secondary structure suggested discrete features with typical loop and stem motifs. Binding capability of selected aptamers was investigated by quantitative PCR, and aptamer H2 was found to be the most specific aptamer to sperm cells. The dissociation constant (Kd) of H2 aptamer was calculated as 3.21 ± 0.75 nM. Furthermore, H2 aptamer-coupled magnetic beads can recognize and capture sperm cells, which establishes the foundation of an approach for rapidly isolating sperm cells from mixed stains based on nucleic acid-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Chen
- Department of Forensic Biology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Street 263, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Yue Zhao
- CITIC Heavy Industries Co., Ltd, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Forensic Biology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Street 263, Luoyang, 471023, China
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16
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Gupta A, Anand A, Jain N, Goswami S, Anantharaj A, Patil S, Singh R, Kumar A, Shrivastava T, Bhatnagar S, Medigeshi GR, Sharma TK. A novel G-quadruplex aptamer-based spike trimeric antigen test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:321-332. [PMID: 34188971 PMCID: PMC8223116 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has been declared a global health emergency. It will take years to vaccinate the whole population to protect them from this deadly virus, hence the management of SARS-CoV-2 largely depends on the widespread availability of an accurate diagnostic test. Toward addressing the unmet need of a reliable diagnostic test in the current work by utilizing the power of Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment, a 44-mer G-quadruplex-forming DNA aptamer against spike trimer antigen of SARS-CoV-2 was identified. The lead aptamer candidate (S14) was characterized thoroughly for its binding, selectivity, affinity, structure, and batch-to-batch variability by utilizing various biochemical, biophysical, and in silico techniques. S14 has demonstrated a low nanomolar KD, confirming its tight binding to a spike antigen of SARS-CoV-2. S14 can detect as low as 2 nM of antigen. The clinical evaluation of S14 aptamer on nasopharyngeal swab specimens (n = 232) has displayed a highly discriminatory response between SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals from the non-infected one with a sensitivity and specificity of ∼91% and 98%, respectively. Importantly, S14 aptamer-based test has evinced a comparable performance with that of RT-PCR-based assay. Altogether, this study established the utility of aptamer technology for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Gupta
- Aptamer Technology and Diagnostics Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Clinical and Translational Research, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Anjali Anand
- Aptamer Technology and Diagnostics Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Clinical and Translational Research, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Sandeep Goswami
- Infection and Immunology, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Anbalagan Anantharaj
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Sharanabasava Patil
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Tripti Shrivastava
- Infection and Immunology, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Shinjini Bhatnagar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | | | - Tarun Kumar Sharma
- Aptamer Technology and Diagnostics Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Clinical and Translational Research, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - DBT India Consortium for COVID-19 Research
- Aptamer Technology and Diagnostics Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Clinical and Translational Research, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
- Infection and Immunology, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
- Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
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17
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An electrochemical aptasensor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6 antigen detection using bimetallic organic framework. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:404. [PMID: 34731314 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A label-free electrochemical aptasensor is reported for sensitive detection of the 6-kDa early secreted antigenic target (ESAT-6). For the first time, the bimetallic organic framework (b-MOF) of Zr-MOF-on-Ce-MOF was decorated with nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) and applied as the matrix for electroactive toluidine blue (Tb) to form the NG@Zr-MOF-on-Ce-MOF@Tb nanohybrid. The prepared nanohybrid with excellent hydrophilicity, dispersibility, and large specific surface exhibited significant electrochemical response. This nanohybrid could be directly used for anchoring ESAT-6 binding aptamers (EBA) through the interaction between the 5'-phosphate group (PO43-) of EBA and Zr4+ of Zr-MOF. The signal response before and after incubating the ESAT-6 antigen has been evaluated by cyclic voltammetry at a scan rate of 100 mV s-1 from - 0.7 to 0.3 V (vs. SCE). Under optimal conditions, the proposed aptasensor displayed a wide linear range from 100 fg mL-1 to 10 ng mL-1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 12 fg mL-1. The developed method showed good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.27%. The aptasensor showed favorable results in the analysis of the real samples. With these merits, the aptasensor has exceptional potential as a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis in clinical practice.
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18
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Sande MG, Rodrigues JL, Ferreira D, Silva CJ, Rodrigues LR. Novel Biorecognition Elements against Pathogens in the Design of State-of-the-Art Diagnostics. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11110418. [PMID: 34821636 PMCID: PMC8615483 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Infectious agents, especially bacteria and viruses, account for a vast number of hospitalisations and mortality worldwide. Providing effective and timely diagnostics for the multiplicity of infectious diseases is challenging. Conventional diagnostic solutions, although technologically advanced, are highly complex and often inaccessible in resource-limited settings. An alternative strategy involves convenient rapid diagnostics which can be easily administered at the point-of-care (POC) and at low cost without sacrificing reliability. Biosensors and other rapid POC diagnostic tools which require biorecognition elements to precisely identify the causative pathogen are being developed. The effectiveness of these devices is highly dependent on their biorecognition capabilities. Naturally occurring biorecognition elements include antibodies, bacteriophages and enzymes. Recently, modified molecules such as DNAzymes, peptide nucleic acids and molecules which suffer a selective screening like aptamers and peptides are gaining interest for their biorecognition capabilities and other advantages over purely natural ones, such as robustness and lower production costs. Antimicrobials with a broad-spectrum activity against pathogens, such as antibiotics, are also used in dual diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Other successful pathogen identification strategies use chemical ligands, molecularly imprinted polymers and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-associated nuclease. Herein, the latest developments regarding biorecognition elements and strategies to use them in the design of new biosensors for pathogens detection are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Sande
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.G.S.); (J.L.R.); (D.F.)
| | - Joana L. Rodrigues
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.G.S.); (J.L.R.); (D.F.)
| | - Débora Ferreira
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.G.S.); (J.L.R.); (D.F.)
| | - Carla J. Silva
- CENTI—Center for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, Rua Fernando Mesquita 2785, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal;
- CITEVE—Technological Center for the Textile and Clothing Industries of Portugal, Rua Fernando Mesquita 2785, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | - Ligia R. Rodrigues
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.G.S.); (J.L.R.); (D.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-253601978
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19
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Azmi UZM, Yusof NA, Abdullah J, Mohammad F, Ahmad SAA, Suraiya S, Raston NHA, Faudzi FNM, Khiste SK, Al-Lohedan HA. Aptasensor for the Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Sputum Utilising CFP10-ESAT6 Protein as a Selective Biomarker. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2446. [PMID: 34578762 PMCID: PMC8470133 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A portable electrochemical aptamer-antibody based sandwich biosensor has been designed and successfully developed using an aptamer bioreceptor immobilized onto a screen-printed electrode surface for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) detection in clinical sputum samples. In the sensing strategy, a CFP10-ESAT6 binding aptamer was immobilized onto a graphene/polyaniline (GP/PANI)-modified gold working electrode by covalent binding via glutaraldehyde linkage. Upon interaction with the CFP10-ESAT6 antigen target, the aptamer will capture the target where the nano-labelled Fe3O4/Au MNPs conjugated antibody is used to complete the sandwich format and enhance the signal produced from the aptamer-antigen interaction. Using this strategy, the detection of CFP10-ESAT6 antigen was conducted in the concentration range of 5 to 500 ng/mL. From the analysis, the detection limit was found to be 1.5 ng/mL, thereby demonstrating the efficiency of the aptamer as a bioreceptor. The specificity study was carried out using bovine serum albumin (BSA), MPT64, and human serum, and the result demonstrated good specificity that is 7% higher than the antibody-antigen interaction reported in a previous study. The fabricated aptasensor for M. tuberculosis analysis shows good reproducibility with an relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.5%. Further analysis of M. tuberculosis in sputum samples have shown good correlation with the culture method with 100% specificity and sensitivity, thus making the aptasensor a promising candidate for M. tuberculosis detection considering its high specificity and sensitivity with clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umi Zulaikha Mohd Azmi
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (U.Z.M.A.); (J.A.); (S.A.A.A.); (F.N.M.F.)
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (U.Z.M.A.); (J.A.); (S.A.A.A.); (F.N.M.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jaafar Abdullah
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (U.Z.M.A.); (J.A.); (S.A.A.A.); (F.N.M.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faruq Mohammad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (U.Z.M.A.); (J.A.); (S.A.A.A.); (F.N.M.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Suraiya
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Nurul Hanun Ahmad Raston
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Fatin Nabilah Mohd Faudzi
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (U.Z.M.A.); (J.A.); (S.A.A.A.); (F.N.M.F.)
| | - Sachin K. Khiste
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Hamad A. Al-Lohedan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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20
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Martin DR, Sibuyi NR, Dube P, Fadaka AO, Cloete R, Onani M, Madiehe AM, Meyer M. Aptamer-Based Diagnostic Systems for the Rapid Screening of TB at the Point-of-Care. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1352. [PMID: 34441287 PMCID: PMC8391981 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmission of Tuberculosis (TB) is very rapid and the burden it places on health care systems is felt globally. The effective management and prevention of this disease requires that it is detected early. Current TB diagnostic approaches, such as the culture, sputum smear, skin tuberculin, and molecular tests are time-consuming, and some are unaffordable for low-income countries. Rapid tests for disease biomarker detection are mostly based on immunological assays that use antibodies which are costly to produce, have low sensitivity and stability. Aptamers can replace antibodies in these diagnostic tests for the development of new rapid tests that are more cost effective; more stable at high temperatures and therefore have a better shelf life; do not have batch-to-batch variations, and thus more consistently bind to a specific target with similar or higher specificity and selectivity and are therefore more reliable. Advancements in TB research, in particular the application of proteomics to identify TB specific biomarkers, led to the identification of a number of biomarker proteins, that can be used to develop aptamer-based diagnostic assays able to screen individuals at the point-of-care (POC) more efficiently in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Riziki Martin
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (D.R.M.); (N.R.S.); (P.D.); (A.O.F.); (A.M.M.)
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Nicole Remaliah Sibuyi
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (D.R.M.); (N.R.S.); (P.D.); (A.O.F.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Phumuzile Dube
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (D.R.M.); (N.R.S.); (P.D.); (A.O.F.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (D.R.M.); (N.R.S.); (P.D.); (A.O.F.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Ruben Cloete
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Martin Onani
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Abram Madimabe Madiehe
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (D.R.M.); (N.R.S.); (P.D.); (A.O.F.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Mervin Meyer
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (D.R.M.); (N.R.S.); (P.D.); (A.O.F.); (A.M.M.)
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Srivastava S, Abraham PR, Mukhopadhyay S. Aptamers: An Emerging Tool for Diagnosis and Therapeutics in Tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:656421. [PMID: 34277465 PMCID: PMC8280756 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.656421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has been plaguing human civilization for centuries, and currently around one-third of the global population is affected with TB. Development of novel intervention tools for early diagnosis and therapeutics against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is the main thrust area in today's scenario. In this direction global efforts were made to use aptamers, the chemical antibodies as tool for TB diagnostics and therapeutics. This review describes the various aptamers introduced for targeting M.tb and highlights the need for development of novel aptamers to selectively target virulent proteins of M.tb for vaccine and anti-TB drugs. The objective of this review is to highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic application of aptamers used for tuberculosis. The discovery of aptamers, SELEX technology, different types of SELEX development processes, DNA and RNA aptamers reported for diseases and pathogenic agents as well have also been described in detail. But the emphasis of this review is on the development of aptamers which can block the function of virulent mycobacterial components for developing newer TB vaccine candidates and/or drug targets. Aptamers designed to target M.tb cell wall proteins, virulent factors, secretory proteins, or combination could orchestrate advanced diagnosis and therapeutic measures for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Srivastava
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
| | - Philip Raj Abraham
- Unit of OMICS, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre (VCRC), Puducherry, India
| | - Sangita Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
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22
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Use of Rv0222-Rv2657c-Rv1509 Fusion Protein to Improve the Accuracy of an Antibody ELISA for Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Humans. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070828. [PMID: 34209358 PMCID: PMC8308687 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Tuberculosis (TB) in humans is a serious chronic epidemic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). The diagnosis of TB, especially extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB), is difficult. Isolation of M. tb from culture has a low sensitivity in patients with TB and an even lower sensitivity in cases of EPTB. Although Xpert MTB/RIF assays and serological tests are more sensitive than the above tests, they still lack sensitivity for EPTB diagnosis. (2) Methods: To improve the accuracy of TB diagnosis, a Rv0222-Rv2657c-Rv1509 fusion protein based iELISA was constructed, the diagnosis of TB, pulmonary TB (PTB) and EPTB was then evaluated. Sera of 40 TB patients including 14 with PTB, 14 with EPTB and 12 with no information about the form of TB, and five pneumonia patients were investigated. (3) Results: The sensitivity of the ELISA in TB, PTB and EPTB patients was 80% (95% CI: 64.4, 90.9%), 85.7% (95% CI: 57.2, 98.2%) and 92.8% (95% CI: 66.1, 99.8%), respectively, with a specificity of 70% (95% CI: 53.5, 83.4%). Both the sensitivity and specificity with this fusion protein were higher than for CFP10/ESAT6 (used as reference antigen) fusion protein (71.4%; 95% CI: 41.9, 91.6%, and 67.5%; 95% CI: 50.9, 81.4%), respectively, in cases of EPTB. All pneumonia patients’ sera tested negative in both ELISAs. (4) Conclusion: use of these new fusion proteins as antigens in serological assays has the potential to improve the diagnosis of all forms of TB in humans, especially EPTB.
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23
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Ahlawat S, Chaudhary R, Dangi M, Bala K, Singh M, Chhillar AK. Advances in tuberculous meningitis diagnosis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:1229-1241. [PMID: 33259249 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1858805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most devastating form of central nervous system tuberculosis (TB) and causes high mortality worldwide. Nonspecific clinical manifestations and limited sensitivity of existing laboratory methods make the diagnosis elusive due to the paucibacillary nature of the infection. Areas Covered: We reviewed current literature on the adequacy and limitations of globally existing laboratory methods for diagnosing TBM. Expert opinion: TBM is deadliest among all TB forms, as the outcome may lead to death in 50% of cases, and survivors undergo irreversible neurological disorders. Therefore, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are cornerstones of effective disease management. Conventional microscopy and culture are widely used modalities but remain inadequate in most TBM cases. Although expanded use of rapid molecular tests such as real-time PCR and Xpert Ultra, even in resource-limited settings, hold promising results for TB diagnosis but need optimization for early detection of TBM. Moreover, CSF IGRA is also used but unable to differentiate between active and latent TB. Overall no single test for diagnosing TBM has adequate accuracy so, there is an urgent need to devise a point-of-care test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ahlawat
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU) , Rohtak, India.,Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana , Manesar, India
| | - Renu Chaudhary
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB) , New Delhi, India
| | - Mehak Dangi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU) , Rohtak, India
| | - Kiran Bala
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences (UHS) , Rohtak, India
| | - Machiavelli Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana , Manesar, India
| | - Anil Kumar Chhillar
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU) , Rohtak, India
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24
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Liu S, Xie Y, Luo W, Dou Y, Xiong H, Xiao Z, Zhang XL. PE_PGRS31-S100A9 Interaction Promotes Mycobacterial Survival in Macrophages Through the Regulation of NF-κB-TNF-α Signaling and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:845. [PMID: 32457723 PMCID: PMC7225313 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) evades the surveillance of immune responses for survival in macrophages. However, the precise mechanism and toxins/proteins encoded by M. tb involved in the bacterial escape remain elusive. The function of Rv1768 protein (also referred to as PE_PGRS31, belonging to the PE_PGRS family) encoded by the region of deletion 14 (RD-14) in the virulent M. tb H37Rv strain has not, to the best of our knowledge, been reported previously. Here, we found that Rv1768 remarkably promotes bacterial survival in macrophages. Compared to wild type (WT) H37Rv, the Rv1768 deficient strain (H37RvΔ1768) showed significantly decreased colony-forming units in the lungs, spleen, and liver of the murine M. tb infection model. The bacterial burdens of WT H37Rv in WT macrophages and C57BL/6 mice were significantly higher than those in S100A9 deficiency cells and mice, but there were no significant differences for H37RvΔRv1768. Rv1768 binds S100A9 with the proline-glutamic acid domain (PE domain) and blocks the interaction between S100A9 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and suppresses TLR4-myeloid differentiation factor 88-nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) signaling in macrophages. Interestingly, Rv1768 binding to S100A9 also disturbs the metabolism of arachidonic acid by activating 5-lipoxygenase, increasing lipotoxin A4, and down-regulating cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 expression, thus, promoting mycobacterial survival. Our results revealed that M. tb Rv1768 promotes mycobacterial survival in macrophages by regulating NF-κB-TNF-α signaling and arachidonic acid metabolism via S100A9. Disturbing the interaction between Rv1768 and S100A9 may be a potential therapeutic target for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafeng Dou
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Xiong
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
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25
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Bauer M, Strom M, Hammond DS, Shigdar S. Anything You Can Do, I Can Do Better: Can Aptamers Replace Antibodies in Clinical Diagnostic Applications? Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234377. [PMID: 31801185 PMCID: PMC6930532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mainstay of clinical diagnostics is the use of specialised ligands that can recognise specific biomarkers relating to pathological changes. While protein antibodies have been utilised in these assays for the last 40 years, they have proven to be unreliable due to a number of reasons. The search for the 'perfect' targeting ligand or molecular probe has been slow, though the description of chemical antibodies, also known as aptamers, nearly 30 years ago suggested a replacement reagent. However, uptake has been slow to progress into the clinical environment. In this review, we discuss the issues associated with antibodies and describe some of the applications of aptamers that have relevancy to the clinical diagnostic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Bauer
- School of Medicine Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3128, Australia; (M.B.); (M.S.); (D.S.H.)
| | - Mia Strom
- School of Medicine Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3128, Australia; (M.B.); (M.S.); (D.S.H.)
| | - David S Hammond
- School of Medicine Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3128, Australia; (M.B.); (M.S.); (D.S.H.)
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3128, Australia
| | - Sarah Shigdar
- School of Medicine Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3128, Australia; (M.B.); (M.S.); (D.S.H.)
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3128, Australia
- Correspondence:
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26
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Golichenari B, Nosrati R, Farokhi-Fard A, Faal Maleki M, Gheibi Hayat SM, Ghazvini K, Vaziri F, Behravan J. Electrochemical-based biosensors for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and tuberculosis biomarkers. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:1056-1077. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1668348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Golichenari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rahim Nosrati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Aref Farokhi-Fard
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Faal Maleki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Javad Behravan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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27
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Li J, Hu K, Zhang Z, Teng X, Zhang X. Click DNA cycling in combination with gold nanoparticles loaded with quadruplex DNA motifs enable sensitive electrochemical quantitation of the tuberculosis-associated biomarker CFP-10 in sputum. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:662. [PMID: 31473812 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical aptamer-based assay is described for the determination of CFP-10 which is an early secretary biomarker of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. CFP-10 is specifically captured by its aptamer and then induces a DNA cross-linking click reaction, the release of CFP-10, and an amplification cycle of repeated CFP-10 release. This mechanism (with dual amplification via DNA click and target release cycle) causes more and more CFP-10 Apt strands on the electrode surface to expose their 5' overhang and to hybridize with the DNA complexes linked to the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Consequently, large amounts of AuNPs, each loaded with a number of quadruplex DNA motifs, can be bound on the electrode surface and remarkably enhance the signal. Under optimal conditions, the method has a detection limit as low as 10 pg.mL-1 of CFP-10. The method was successfully applied to the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis in sputum. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of an electrochemical CFP-10 (10-kDa culture filtrate protein) assay using click DNA cycling in combination with gold nanoparticles loaded with quadruplex DNA motifs. Click chemistry reaction between Dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-DNA and azido-DNA can liberate the CFP-10 antigen for the next cycle, which can be viewed as the first amplification step. G-quadruplex-based DNAzyme is formed due to the guanine-rich sequences of DNA S1, which can be viewed as the second amplification step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of ophthalmology, the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoli Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Teng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Tuberculosis, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Broger T, Tsionksy M, Mathew A, Lowary TL, Pinter A, Plisova T, Bartlett D, Barbero S, Denkinger CM, Moreau E, Katsuragi K, Kawasaki M, Nahid P, Sigal GB. Sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassays for detecting lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and ESAT-6 in urine and serum from tuberculosis patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215443. [PMID: 30998715 PMCID: PMC6472883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) infection was responsible for an estimated 1.3 million deaths in 2017. Better diagnostic tools are urgently needed. We sought to determine whether accurate TB antigen detection in blood or urine has the potential to meet the WHO target product profiles for detection of active TB. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassays for Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and ESAT-6 detection with detection limits in the pg/ml range and used them to compare the concentrations of the two antigens in the urine and serum of 81 HIV-negative and -positive individuals with presumptive TB enrolled across diverse geographic sites. RESULTS LAM and ESAT-6 overall sensitivities in urine were 93% and 65% respectively. LAM and ESAT-6 overall sensitivities in serum were 55% and 46% respectively. Overall specificity was ≥97% in all assays. Sensitivities were higher in HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative patients for both antigens and both sample types, with signals roughly 10-fold higher on average in urine than in serum. The two antigens showed similar concentration ranges within the same sample type and correlated. CONCLUSIONS LAM and ESAT-6 can be detected in the urine and serum of TB patients, regardless of the HIV status and further gains in clinical sensitivity may be achievable through assay and reagent optimization. Accuracy in urine was higher with current methods and has the potential to meet the WHO accuracy target if the findings can be transferred to a point-of-care TB test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Tsionksy
- Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anu Mathew
- Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- Department of Chemistry and Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Plisova
- Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel Bartlett
- Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Simone Barbero
- Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | - Payam Nahid
- University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - George B. Sigal
- Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
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29
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Kumari P, Lavania S, Tyagi S, Dhiman A, Rath D, Anthwal D, Gupta RK, Sharma N, Gadpayle AK, Taneja RS, Sharma L, Ahmad Y, Sharma TK, Haldar S, Tyagi JS. A novel aptamer-based test for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis. Anal Biochem 2018; 564-565:80-87. [PMID: 30352198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pleural tuberculosis (pTB) is diagnosed by using a composite reference standard (CRS) since microbiological methods are grossly inadequate and an accurate diagnostic test remains an unmet need. The present study aimed to evaluate the utility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigen and DNA-based tests for pTB diagnosis. Patients were classified as 'Definite TB', 'Probable TB' and 'Non-TB' disease according to the CRS. We assessed the performance of in-house antigen detection assays, namely antibody-based Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) and aptamer-based Aptamer-Linked Immobilized Sorbent Assay (ALISA), targeting Mtb HspX protein and DNA-based tests namely, Xpert MTB/RIF and in-house devR-qPCR. ROC curves were generated for the combined group of 'Definite TB' and 'Probable TB' vs. 'Non-TB' disease group and cut-off values were derived to provide specificity of ≥98%. The sensitivity of ALISA was ∼93% vs. ∼24% of ELISA (p-value ≤0.0001). devR-qPCR exhibited a sensitivity of 50% vs. ∼22% of Xpert (p-value ≤0.01). This novel aptamer-based ALISA test surpasses the sensitivity criterion and matches the specificity requirement spelt out in the 'Target product profile' for extrapulmonary tuberculosis samples by Unitaid (Sensitivity ≥80%, Specificity 98%). The superior performance of the aptamer-based ALISA test indicates its translational potential to bridge the existing gap in pTB diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Surabhi Lavania
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Shaifali Tyagi
- Center for Bio-design and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, Gurgaon Expressway, PO box #04, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Abhijeet Dhiman
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India; Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepak Rath
- Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Divya Anthwal
- Center for Bio-design and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, Gurgaon Expressway, PO box #04, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Gupta
- Center for Bio-design and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, Gurgaon Expressway, PO box #04, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Neera Sharma
- Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - A K Gadpayle
- Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - R S Taneja
- Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Yusra Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Sharma
- Center for Bio-design and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, Gurgaon Expressway, PO box #04, Faridabad, 121001, India; AptaBharat Innovation Pvt. Ltd., Translational Health Science and Technology Institute Incubator, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, Gurgaon Expressway, PO box #04, Faridabad, 121001, India.
| | - Sagarika Haldar
- Center for Bio-design and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, Gurgaon Expressway, PO box #04, Faridabad, 121001, India.
| | - Jaya Sivaswami Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India; Center for Bio-design and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, Gurgaon Expressway, PO box #04, Faridabad, 121001, India.
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30
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Aptamer based voltammetric biosensor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen ESAT-6 using a nanohybrid material composed of reduced graphene oxide and a metal-organic framework. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:379. [PMID: 30019137 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The 6-kDa early secretory antigenic target referred to as ESAT-6 is a virulence factor secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). This work describes a voltammetric aptasensor for ultrasensitive detection of ESAT-6. Reduced graphene oxide doped with metal-organic framework (MOF-rGO) was deposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). This increases the immobilization of electroactive Toluidine Blue (TB) and facilitates the electron transfer from TB to the modified GCE. Platinum/gold core/shell (Pt@Au) nanoparticles were used to assemble thiolated ESAT-6 binding aptamer (EBA) on a modified electrode and to further amplify the response to TB. The modified GCE, typically operated at -0.36 V (vs. SCE), has a linear response in 1.0 × 10-4 to 2.0 × 102 ng⋅mL-1 ESAT-6 concentration range, and the limit of detection (LOD) for ESAT-6 is as low as 3.3 × 10-5 ng⋅mL-1. It exhibits satisfactory specificity and reproducibility when analyzing spiked human serum. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of a voltammetric aptasensor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen ESAT-6 using a glassy carbon electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and a metal-organic framework (MOF). The limit of detection for ESAT-6 is as low as 3.3 × 10-5 ng/mL.
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31
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Generation and application of DNA aptamers against HspX for accurate diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 112:27-36. [PMID: 30205966 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe manifestation of tuberculosis and its diagnosis remains a challenge even today due to the lack of an adequate test. HspX antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was previously established as a reliable diagnostic biomarker for TBM in an ELISA test format using anti-HspX polyclonal antibodies. Towards overcoming the limitations of batch-to-batch variation and challenges of scalability in antibody generation, we utilized Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) to develop high affinity DNA aptamers against HspX as an alternative diagnostic reagent. Post-SELEX optimization of the best-performing aptamer candidate, H63, established its derivative H63 SL-2 M6 to be superior to its parent. Aptamer H63 SL-2 M6 displayed a specific and high affinity interaction with HspX (Kd ∼9.0 × 10-8 M). In an Aptamer Linked Immobilized Sorbent Assay (ALISA), H63 SL-2 M6 significantly differentiated between cerebrospinal fluid specimens from TBM and non-TBM subjects (n = 87, ***p < 0.0001) with ∼100% sensitivity and ∼91% specificity. Notably, ALISA exhibited comparable performance with previously reported antibody-based ELISA and qPCR. Altogether, our findings establish the utility of HspX aptamer for the reliable diagnosis of TBM and pave the way for developing an aptamer-based point-of-care test for TBM.
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Kaur H, Bruno JG, Kumar A, Sharma TK. Aptamers in the Therapeutics and Diagnostics Pipelines. Theranostics 2018; 8:4016-4032. [PMID: 30128033 PMCID: PMC6096388 DOI: 10.7150/thno.25958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are short single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that can selectively bind to small molecular ligands or protein targets with high affinity and specificity, by acquiring unique three-dimensional structures. Aptamers have the advantage of being highly specific, relatively small in size, non-immunogenic and can be easily stabilized by chemical modifications, thus allowing expansion of their diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Since the invention of aptamers in the early 1990s, great efforts have been made to make them clinically relevant for diseases like macular degeneration, cancer, thrombosis and inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, owing to the aforementioned advantages and unique adaptability of aptamers to point-of-care platforms, aptamer technology has created a stable niche in the field of in vitro diagnostics by enhancing the speed and accuracy of diagnoses. The aim of this review is to give an overview on aptamers, highlight the inherent therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities and challenges associated with them and present various aptamers that have reached therapeutic clinical trials, diagnostic markets or that have immediate translational potential for therapeutics and diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John G. Bruno
- Operational Technologies Corporation, 4100 NW Loop 410, Suite 100, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Sharma
- Center for Biodesign and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
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Golichenari B, Nosrati R, Farokhi-Fard A, Abnous K, Vaziri F, Behravan J. Nano-biosensing approaches on tuberculosis: Defy of aptamers. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:319-331. [PMID: 29933223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a major global health problem caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) complex. According to WHO reports, 53 million TB patients died from 2000 to 2016. Therefore, early diagnosis of the disease is of great importance for global health care programs. The restrictions of traditional methods have encouraged the development of innovative methods for rapid, reliable, and cost-effective diagnosis of tuberculosis. In recent years, aptamer-based biosensors or aptasensors have drawn great attention to sensitive and accessible detection of tuberculosis. Aptamers are small short single-stranded molecules of DNA or RNA that fold to a unique form and bind to targets. Once combined with nanomaterials, nano-scale aptasensors provide powerful analytical platforms for diagnosing of tuberculosis. Various groups designed and studied aptamers specific for the whole cells of M. tuberculosis, mycobacterial proteins and IFN-γ for early diagnosis of TB. Advantages such as high specificity and strong affinity, potential for binding to a larger variety of targets, increased stability, lower costs of synthesis and storage requirements, and lower probability of contamination make aptasensors pivotal alternatives for future TB diagnostics. In recent years, the concept of SOMAmer has opened new horizons in high precision detection of tuberculosis biomarkers. This review article provides a description of the research progresses of aptamer-based and SOMAmer-based biosensors and nanobiosensors for the detection of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Golichenari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rahim Nosrati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Molecular Microbiology Research Center (MMRC), Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Farokhi-Fard
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Javad Behravan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Mediphage Bioceuticals, Inc., 661 University Avenue, Suite 1300, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Canada.
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Pan Q, Luo F, Liu M, Zhang XL. Oligonucleotide aptamers: promising and powerful diagnostic and therapeutic tools for infectious diseases. J Infect 2018; 77:83-98. [PMID: 29746951 PMCID: PMC7112547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The entire human population is at risk of infectious diseases worldwide. Thus far, the diagnosis and treatment of human infectious diseases at the molecular and nanoscale levels have been extremely challenging tasks because of the lack of effective probes to identify and recognize biomarkers of pathogens. Oligonucleotide aptamers are a class of small nucleic acid ligands that are composed of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or RNA and act as affinity probes or molecular recognition elements for a variety of targets. These aptamers have an exciting potential for diagnose and/or treatment of specific diseases. In this review, we highlight areas where aptamers have been developed as diagnostic and therapeutic agents for both bacterial and viral infectious diseases as well as aptamer-based detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy Wuhan University School of Medicine, Donghu Road 185#, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Fengling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy Wuhan University School of Medicine, Donghu Road 185#, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy Wuhan University School of Medicine, Donghu Road 185#, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy Wuhan University School of Medicine, Donghu Road 185#, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
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Song N, Tan Y, Zhang L, Luo W, Guan Q, Yan MZ, Zuo R, Liu W, Luo FL, Zhang XL. Detection of circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific DNA by droplet digital PCR for vaccine evaluation in challenged monkeys and TB diagnosis. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:78. [PMID: 29691363 PMCID: PMC5915492 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is emerging as a more serious pathogen due to the increased multidrug-resistant TB and co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The development of an effective and sensitive detection method is urgently needed for bacterial load evaluation in vaccine development, early TB diagnosis, and TB treatment. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) is a newly developed sensitive PCR method for the absolute quantification of nucleic acid concentrations. Here, we used ddPCR to quantify the circulating virulent M. tb-specific CFP10 (10-kDa culture filtrate protein, Rv3874) and Rv1768 DNA copy numbers in the blood samples from Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-vaccinated and/or virulent M. tb H37Rv-challenged rhesus monkeys. We found that ddPCR was more sensitive compared to real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR), as the detection limits of CFP10 were 1.2 copies/μl for ddPCR, but 15.8 copies/μl for qPCR. We demonstrated that ddPCR could detect CFP10 and Rv1768 DNA after 3 weeks of infection and at least two weeks earlier than qPCR in M.tb H37Rv-challenged rhesus monkey models. DdPCR could also successfully quantify CFP10 and Rv1768 DNA copy numbers in clinical TB patients’ blood samples (active pulmonary TB, extrapulmonary TB (EPTB), and infant TB). To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that ddPCR is an effective and sensitive method of measuring the circulating CFP10 and Rv1768 DNA for vaccine development, bacterial load evaluation in vivo, and early TB (including EPTB and infant TB) diagnosis as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qing Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Yan
- Wuhan Medical Treatment Center, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ruiqi Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Weixiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Feng-Ling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Di L, Li Y. The risk factor of false-negative and false-positive for T-SPOT.TB in active tuberculosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 32. [PMID: 28594104 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES T-SPOT.TB is a promising diagnosis tool to identify both pulmonary tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, as well as latent tuberculosis; however, the factors that affect the results of T-SPOT.TB remains unclear. In this study, we aim to figure out the risk factor of T-SPOT.TB for active TB. METHODS A total of 349 patients were recruited between January 1st, 2016 and January 22st, 2017 at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, including 98 subjects with TB and 251 subjects with non-TB disease, and received T-SPOT.TB (Oxford Immunotec Ltd). Statistics were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 using logistic regression. RESULTS The overall specificity and sensitivity of the T-SPOT.TB was 92.83% (233/251; 95%CI 0.8872-0.9557) and 83.67% (82/98; 95%CI 0.7454-0.9010), respectively. Patients with tuberculous meningitis were more likely to have false-negative results (OR 17.4, 95%CI 3.068-98.671; P<.001) while patients with cured TB tended to induce false-positive results (OR 30.297; 95%CI 7.069-129.849; P<.001). The results were not affected by sex, age, onset time, smoke, alcohol, treatment, allergic history, co-morbidity, TB (exclude tuberculous meningitis) (P>.05). CONCLUSION Tuberculous meningitis was a risk factor of false-negative for T-SPOT.TB, while cured TB was a risk factor of false-positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Di
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Chandola C, Kalme S, Casteleijn MG, Urtti A, Neerathilingam M. Application of aptamers in diagnostics, drug-delivery and imaging. J Biosci 2017; 41:535-61. [PMID: 27581942 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-016-9632-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are small, single-stranded oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) that bind to their target with high specificity and affinity. Although aptamers are analogous to antibodies for a wide range of target recognition and variety of applications, they have significant advantages over antibodies. Since aptamers have recently emerged as a class of biomolecules with an application in a wide array of fields, we need to summarize the latest developments herein. In this review we will discuss about the latest developments in using aptamers in diagnostics, drug delivery and imaging. We begin with diagnostics, discussing the application of aptamers for the detection of infective agents itself, antigens/ toxins (bacteria), biomarkers (cancer), or a combination. The ease of conjugation and labelling of aptamers makes them a potential tool for diagnostics. Also, due to the reduced off-target effects of aptamers, their use as a potential drug delivery tool is emerging rapidly. Hence, we discuss their use in targeted delivery in conjugation with siRNAs, nanoparticles, liposomes, drugs and antibodies. Finally, we discuss about the conjugation strategies applicable for RNA and DNA aptamers for imaging. Their stability and self-assembly after heating makes them superior over protein-based binding molecules in terms of labelling and conjugation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Chandola
- 1Center for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, NCBS-TIFR, Bangalore 560 065, India
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Dai FY, Wang JF, Gong XL, Bao L. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant Bacille Calmette-Guerin strains expressing mycobacterium antigens Ag85A, CFP10, ESAT-6, GM-CSF and IL-12p70. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:1-8. [PMID: 28301284 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1279771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant bacille calmette-guerin (rBCG) strains expressing Ag85A (A), CFP10 (C), ESAT6 (E), IL-12p70 (I), and fusion protein GM-CSF (G). METHOD rBCGs were established by integrating of A, C, E, I, G, AE, CE, IE, GC, GE and GCE into Mycobacterium bovis BCG-1173 and BCG-SH. The macro-effects of rBCGs on mice were evaluated by phenotype and weight. The immunogenicity of rBCGs was analyzed by lgG, lgG1 and lgG2a antibody titers, and IFN-γ and IL-4 contents through Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Meanwhile, the proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T splenic lymphocytes were determined using flow cytometry. The protective efficacy of rBCGs was evaluated by bacterial load in spleen and lung tissues from immunized mice. RESULTS rBCGs exhibited no obvious side effects on mice. The antibody titers of lgG, lgG1 and lgG2a, proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and concentrations of IFN-γ were found to be significantly higher in multiple-gene rBCGs than that in single-gene rBCGs (P < 0.05). Bacterial load in both spleen and lung tissues from mice infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv were significantly reduced by rBCGs. A significantly lower bacterial load was revealed in rBCG-1173:A compared with multiple-gene rBCGs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Immunogenicity was better on multiple-gene rBCGs than on single-gene rBCGs, while excellent protective efficacy was exhibited on rBCG-1173:A and BCG-1173.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ying Dai
- a Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China Center of Medical Science , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China.,b Department of Pathogenic Biology , School of Basic Medical Science, Chengdu Medical College , Chengdu , China
| | - Jun-Fang Wang
- a Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China Center of Medical Science , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Xue-Li Gong
- a Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China Center of Medical Science , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Lang Bao
- a Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China Center of Medical Science , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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Sharma TK, Bruno JG, Dhiman A. ABCs of DNA aptamer and related assay development. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:275-301. [PMID: 28108354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review is intended to guide the novice in aptamer research and development to understand virtually all of the aptamer development options and currently available assay modalities. Aptamer development topics range from discussions of basic and advanced versions of Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment (SELEX) and SELEX variations involving incorporation of exotic unnatural nucleotides to expand library diversity for even greater aptamer affinity and specificity to improved next generation methods of DNA sequencing, screening and tracking aptamer development throughout the SELEX process and characterization of lead aptamer candidates. Aptamer assay development topics include descriptions of various colorimetric and fluorescent assays in microplates or on membranes including homogeneous beacon and multiplexed Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) assays. Finally, a discussion of the potential for marketing successful aptamer-based assays or test kits is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kumar Sharma
- Center for Biodesign and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India; AptaBharat Innovation Private Limited, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute Incubator, Haryana 121001, India.
| | - John G Bruno
- Operational Technologies Corporation, 4100 NW Loop 410, Suite, 230, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA..
| | - Abhijeet Dhiman
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.; Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
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Miller EA, Traxlmayr MW, Shen J, Sikes HD. Activity-based assessment of an engineered hyperthermophilic protein as a capture agent in paper-based diagnostic tests. MOLECULAR SYSTEMS DESIGN & ENGINEERING 2016; 1:377-381. [PMID: 28451464 PMCID: PMC5403157 DOI: 10.1039/c6me00032k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies have traditionally served as the affinity reagents of choice in point-of-care diagnostic biosensors. However, this class of proteins is not ideally suited for this use, being poorly characterized and prone to thermal denaturation. Here, we present an activity-based assessment of an alternative engineered binding protein in a cellulose-based assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - M W Traxlmayr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - J Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - H D Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Sun R, Yang Y, Ran X, Yang T. Calcium Influx of Mast Cells Is Inhibited by Aptamers Targeting the First Extracellular Domain of Orai1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158223. [PMID: 27390850 PMCID: PMC4938386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) method, we identified oligonucleotides that bind to the first extracellular domain of the Orai1 protein with high affinities and high specificities. These ligands were isolated from a random single-strand DNA (ssDNA) library with 40 randomized sequence positions, using synthesized peptides with amino acid sequences identical to the first extracellular domain of the Orai1 protein as the targets for SELEX selection. Seven aptamers were obtained after 12 rounds of SELEX. An enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay (ELONA) was performed to determine the affinities of the aptamers. Aptamer Y1 had the highest affinity (Kd = 1.72×10−8 mol/L) and was selected for functional experiments in mast cells. Using LAD2 cells with the human high-affinity IgE receptor and Ca2+ release activation channel (CRAC), we demonstrated that Aptamer Y1 blocked IgE-mediated β-hexosaminidase release from cells triggered by biotin-IgE and streptavidin. A specific binding assay showed that Aptamer Y1 not only bound the Orai1 peptide specifically but also that the Orai1 peptide did not bind significantly to other random oligonucleotide molecules. Furthermore, Aptamer Y1 regulation of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization was investigated by probing intracellular Ca2+ with a Fluo-4-AM fluorescent probe. We found that Aptamer Y1 inhibits Ca2+ influx into antigen-activated mast cells. These results indicate that the target of Aptamer Y1 in the degranulation pathway is upstream of Ca2+ influx. Therefore, these oligonucleotide agents represent a novel class of CRAC inhibitors that may be useful in the fight against allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renshan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Battle Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Battle Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xinze Ran
- Institute of Combined Injury, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Battle Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
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Subtractive Cell-SELEX Selection of DNA Aptamers Binding Specifically and Selectively to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells with High Metastatic Potential. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5735869. [PMID: 27119081 PMCID: PMC4826907 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5735869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Relapse and metastasis are two key risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis; thus, it is emergent to develop an early and accurate detection method for prognostic evaluation of HCC after surgery. In this study, we sought to acquire oligonucleotide DNA aptamers that specifically bind to HCC cells with high metastatic potential. Two HCC cell lines derived from the same genetic background but with different metastatic potential were employed: MHCC97L (low metastatic properties) as subtractive targets and HCCLM9 (high metastatic properties) as screening targets. To mimic a fluid combining environment, initial DNA aptamers library was firstly labelled with magnetic nanoparticles using biotin-streptavidin system and then applied for aptamers selection. Through 10-round selection with subtractive Cell-SELEX, six aptamers, LY-1, LY-13, LY-46, LY-32, LY-27/45, and LY-7/43, display high affinity to HCCLM9 cells and do not bind to MHCC97L cells, as well as other tumor cell lines, including breast cancer, lung cancer, colon adenocarcinoma, gastric cancer, and cervical cancer, suggesting high specificity for HCCLM9 cells. Thus, the aptamers generated here will provide solid basis for identifying new diagnostic targets to detect HCC metastasis and also may provide valuable clues for developing new targeted therapeutics.
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Tang XL, Wu SM, Xie Y, Song N, Guan Q, Yuan C, Zhou X, Zhang XL. Generation and application of ssDNA aptamers against glycolipid antigen ManLAM of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for TB diagnosis. J Infect 2016; 72:573-86. [PMID: 26850356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective Mycobacterial antigen diagnostic reagents remains a high priority. Mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) is a lipoglycan serving as a major cell wall component. ManLAM is also an early released antigen in the blood circulation system during Mycobacteria tuberculosis (M.tb) infection and is a perfect target antigen for TB diagnosis. In this study, ssDNA aptamers "antibodies" against ManLAM of the predominant clinical epidemic M.tb Beijing genotype strains were generated by the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) technique. The selected single aptamer T9 demonstrated the highest specificity and binding affinity, with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 668 ± 159 nmol/L. We further detected ManLAM antigens in serum and sputum samples from active pulmonary tuberculosis (aPTB) patients, extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) patients and healthy donors by using a T9 based enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay (ELONA). The results showed that the specificity and sensitivity were 95.31% and 83.00% (for 100 aPTB serum samples), 98.70% and 92.71% (for 96 aPTB sputum samples), and 94.44% and 88.71% (for 62 EPTB serum samples), respectively. A good correlation was observed between the T9 aptamer-based ELONA and the clinical T-SPOT.TB. Thus, T9 based ELONA has potentials for diagnosis of TB, including inactive TB, smear-negative TB, EPTB, and TB with immunodeficiency, and assist the diagnosis of LTBI albeit it could not distinguish LTBI and active TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Donghu Road 165#, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shi-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Donghu Road 165#, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China; Wuhan Center for Clinical Laboratory, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Donghu Road 165#, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Neng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Donghu Road 165#, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qing Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Donghu Road 165#, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Donghu Road 165#, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Donghu Road 165#, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.
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Improved detection of deeply invasive candidiasis with DNA aptamers specific binding to (1→3)-β-D-glucans from Candida albicans. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:587-95. [PMID: 26810058 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Deeply invasive or disseminated candidiasis is a serious and often fatal complication that can occur frequently in immuno-compromised individuals. However, conventional diagnostic methods of Candida albicans display low sensitivity and lack of specificity; the development of rapid and accurate detection methods remains a high priority. Aptamers are single-strand DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that specifically bind to target molecules with high affinity. In this study, we sought to screen high-affinity DNA aptamers that specifically bound to (1→3)-β-D-glucans from cell wall of Candida albicans using a systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technique, and further evaluate the diagnostic potential for invasive or disseminated candidiasis with selected aptamers. (1→3)-β-D-glucans was purified from Candida albicans, and two single DNA aptamers (designated as AU1 and AD1) were selected. Analysis of dissociation constants and binding domains further revealed that these two selected single DNA aptamers (AU1 and AD1) showed high binding affinity (AD1: Kd = 79.76 nM, AD1: Kd = 103.7 nM) and did not bind to the same domain of (1→3)-β-D-glucans. Next, we further detected (1→3)-β-D-glucans in serum samples from different groups of patients with Candida albicans infection or simple bacterial infection by using a double-aptamer sandwich enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay (ELONA). The results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of this aptamer-based sandwich ELONA were 92.31 % and 91.94 % respectively. Thus, our study suggests that AU1 and AD1 have potential application for the differentiate diagnosis of deeply invasive candidiasis and provide valuable clues for designing diagnostic agents for the identification of invasive fungal infection.
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Identification of Novel RD1 Antigens and Their Combinations for Diagnosis of Sputum Smear-/Culture+ TB Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7486425. [PMID: 26885516 PMCID: PMC4739478 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7486425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is an unresolved problem worldwide, especially for sputum smear− (S−) cases. In this study, five antigen genes including Rv3871, Rv3874, Rv3875, Rv3876, and Rv3879 were cloned from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) RD1 and overexpressed to generate antigen fragments. These antigens and their combinations were investigated for PTB serodiagnosis. 298 serum samples were collected from active PTB patients, including 117 sputum smear+ (S+) and sputum culture+ (C+) cases, 101 S−/C+ cases, and 80 S−/C− cases. The serum IgG levels of the five antigens were measured by ELISA. Based on IgG levels, the sensitivity/specificity of Rv3871, Rv3874, Rv3875, Rv3876, and Rv3879 for PTB detection was 81.21%/74.74%, 63.09%/94.78%, 32.21%/87.37%, 62.42%/85.26%, and 83.56%/83.16%, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal result for PTB diagnosis was achieved by combining antigens Rv3871, Rv3876, and Rv3879. In addition, the IgG levels of Rv3871, Rv3876, and Rv3879 were found to be higher in S−/C+ PTB patients than in other PTB populations. More importantly, combination of the three antigens demonstrated superior diagnostic performance for both S−/C+ and S−/C− PTB. In conclusion, the combination of Rv3871, Rv3876, and Rv3879 induced higher IgG response in sputum S−/C+ PTB patients and represents a promising biomarker combination for diagnosing of PTB.
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Mertaniasih NM, Handijatno D, Perwitasari ADS, Dewi DNSS, Fanani MZ, Afifah IQ. Sequence Analysis of the Gene Region Encoding ESAT-6, Ag85B, and Ag85C Proteins from Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mozioglu E, Gokmen O, Tamerler C, Kocagoz ZT, Akgoz M. Selection of Nucleic Acid Aptamers Specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:849-64. [PMID: 26541162 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1913-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains to be a major global health problem, with about 9 million new cases and 1.4 million deaths in 2011. For the control of tuberculosis as well as other infectious diseases, WHO recommended "ASSURED" (Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and robust, Equipment-free, and Deliverable to the end user) diagnostic tools that can easily be maintained and used in developing countries. Aptamers are promising tools for developing point-of-care diagnostic assays for TB. In this study, ssDNA aptamers that recognize Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra were selected by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). For this purpose, two different selection protocols, ultrafiltration and centrifugation, were applied. A total of 21 TB specific aptamers were selected. These aptamers exhibited "G-rich" regions on the 3' terminus of the aptamers, including a motif of "TGGGG," "GTGG," or "CTGG." Binding capability of selected aptamers were investigated by quantitative PCR and Mtb36 DNA aptamer was found the most specific aptamer to M. tuberculosis H37Ra. The dissociation constant (K d) of Mtb36 aptamer was calculated as 5.09 ± 1.43 nM in 95% confidence interval. Relative binding ratio of Mtb36 aptamer to M. tuberculosis H37Ra over Mycobacterium bovis and Escherichia coli was also determined about 4 times and 70 times more, respectively. Mtb36 aptamer is highly selective for M. tuberculosis, and it can be used in an aptamer-based biosensor for the detection of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Mozioglu
- Molecular Biology-Biotechnology & Genetics Research Center, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Bioanalysis Laboratory, TÜBİTAK UME (National Metrology Institute), Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ozgur Gokmen
- Chemistry Department, Gebze Institute of Technology, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Candan Tamerler
- Molecular Biology-Biotechnology & Genetics Research Center, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Zuhtu Tanil Kocagoz
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Trends in Innovative Biotechnology Organization, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Muslum Akgoz
- Bioanalysis Laboratory, TÜBİTAK UME (National Metrology Institute), Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Luo W, Qu ZL, Xie Y, Xiang J, Zhang XL. Identification of a novel immunodominant antigen Rv2645 from RD13 with potential as a cell-mediated immunity-based TB diagnostic agent. J Infect 2015; 71:534-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Miller E, Sikes HD. Addressing Barriers to the Development and Adoption of Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Global Health. Nanobiomedicine (Rij) 2015; 2. [PMID: 26594252 PMCID: PMC4652944 DOI: 10.5772/61114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have demonstrated significant potential for use as point-of-care diagnostic tests in resource-limited settings. Most notably, RDTs for malaria have reached an unparalleled level of technological maturity and market penetration, and are now considered an important complement to standard microscopic methods of malaria diagnosis. However, the technical development of RDTs for other infectious diseases, and their uptake within the global health community as a core diagnostic modality, has been hindered by a number of extant challenges. These range from technical and biological issues, such as the need for better affinity agents and biomarkers of disease, to social, infrastructural, regulatory and economic barriers, which have all served to slow their adoption and diminish their impact. In order for the immunochromatographic RDT format to be successfully adapted to other disease targets, to see widespread distribution, and to improve clinical outcomes for patients on a global scale, these challenges must be identified and addressed, and the global health community must be engaged in championing the broader use of RDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Hadley D Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
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Single-Stranded DNA Aptamers against Pathogens and Toxins: Identification and Biosensing Applications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015. [PMID: 26199940 PMCID: PMC4493287 DOI: 10.1155/2015/419318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular recognition elements (MREs) can be short sequences of single-stranded DNA, RNA, small peptides, or antibody fragments. They can bind to user-defined targets with high affinity and specificity. There has been an increasing interest in the identification and application of nucleic acid molecular recognition elements, commonly known as aptamers, since they were first described in 1990 by the Gold and Szostak laboratories. A large number of target specific nucleic acids MREs and their applications are currently in the literature. This review first describes the general methodologies used in identifying single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamers. It then summarizes advancements in the identification and biosensing application of ssDNA aptamers specific for bacteria, viruses, their associated molecules, and selected chemical toxins. Lastly, an overview of the basic principles of ssDNA aptamer-based biosensors is discussed.
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