1
|
Cannon M, Ferrer G, Tesch M, Schipma M. Whole-Genome Deep Sequencing of the Healthy Adult Nasal Microbiome. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1407. [PMID: 39065175 PMCID: PMC11279209 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine shifts in microbial populations regarding richness and diversity from the daily use of a popular over-the-counter nasal spray. In addition, the finding of nasal commensal bacterial species that overlap with the oral microbiome may prove to be potential probiotics for the "gateway microbiomes". Nasal swab samples were obtained before and after using the most popular over-the-counter (OTC) nasal spray in 10 participants aged 18-48. All participants were healthy volunteers with no significant medical histories. The participants were randomly assigned a number by randomizing software and consisted of five men and five women. The sampling consisted of placing a nasal swab atraumatically into the nasal cavity. The samples were preserved and sent to Northwestern University Sequencing Center for whole-genome deep sequencing. After 21 days of OTC nasal spray use twice daily, the participants returned for further nasal microbiome sampling. The microbial analysis included all bacteria, archaea, viruses, molds, and yeasts via deep sequencing for species analysis. The Northwestern University Sequencing Center utilized artificial intelligence analysis to determine shifts in species and strains following nasal spray use that resulted in changes in diversity and richness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cannon
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Gustavo Ferrer
- Aventura Hospital Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellowship, Aventura, FL 33180, USA; (G.F.); (M.T.)
| | - Mari Tesch
- Aventura Hospital Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellowship, Aventura, FL 33180, USA; (G.F.); (M.T.)
| | - Matthew Schipma
- QDSC, NUSeq Core, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang Y, Ding T, Cong Y, Luo X, Liu C, Gong T, Zhao M, Zheng X, Li C, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Ni C, Zhang X, Ji Z, Wu T, Yang S, Zhou Q, Wu D, Gong X, Zheng Q, Li X. Interferon-induced transmembrane protein-1 competitively blocks Ephrin receptor A2-mediated Epstein-Barr virus entry into epithelial cells. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:1256-1270. [PMID: 38649412 PMCID: PMC11087256 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can infect both B cells and epithelial cells (ECs), causing diseases such as mononucleosis and cancer. It enters ECs via Ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2). The function of interferon-induced transmembrane protein-1 (IFITM1) in EBV infection of ECs remains elusive. Here we report that IFITM1 inhibits EphA2-mediated EBV entry into ECs. RNA-sequencing and clinical sample analysis show reduced IFITM1 in EBV-positive ECs and a negative correlation between IFITM1 level and EBV copy number. IFITM1 depletion increases EBV infection and vice versa. Exogenous soluble IFITM1 effectively prevents EBV infection in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, three-dimensional structure prediction and site-directed mutagenesis demonstrate that IFITM1 interacts with EphA2 via its two specific residues, competitively blocking EphA2 binding to EBV glycoproteins. Finally, YTHDF3, an m6A reader, suppresses IFITM1 via degradation-related DEAD-box protein 5 (DDX5). Thus, this study underscores IFITM1's crucial role in blocking EphA2-mediated EBV entry into ECs, indicating its potential in preventing EBV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinggui Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Urology, and Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tengteng Ding
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Urology, and Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Cong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Urology, and Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Urology, and Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Changlin Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Urology, and Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Urology, and Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Zhao
- PANACRO(Hefei) Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd., Hefei, China
| | - Xichun Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Urology, and Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenglin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Urology, and Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanbin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Urology, and Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Urology, and Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuping Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Urology, and Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueyu Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Urology, and Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziliang Ji
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Urology, and Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Urology, and Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaodong Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Urology, and Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingchun Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Urology, and Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dinglan Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Urology, and Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xinqi Gong
- Mathematical Intelligence Application LAB, Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingyou Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Urology, and Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Department of Urology, and Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Canto Mangana J, Schilder KA, Bretones‐Pedrinaci JI, Blesa ARM, de Medina FS, Martínez‐Augustin O, Daddaoua A. A perspective current and past modes of inhalation therapy. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14419. [PMID: 38387963 PMCID: PMC10883785 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhalation is the preferred route of delivery for anti-asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) drugs. The use of this route has demonstrated efficacy in these and other conditions, it offers rapid onset of action, and is associated with minimal systemic exposure, thereby reducing the risk of adverse effects. Therefore, the current brief covers an interesting collection of inhaler action modes, shedding light on their molecular mechanisms and clinical applications for anti-asthma, COPD and antibacterial inhalation therapy. Hence, not only enriches our understanding of inhalation therapy molecular intricacies but also provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape in clinical and antibacterial inhalation therapy. In doing so, it underscores the pivotal role of microbiology and biotechnology in advancing therapeutic approaches that harness the power of inhalation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Canto Mangana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Pharmacy SchoolUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
- Pharmacy ServicesA.S. Hospital de Poniente de AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain
| | - Kelsey Aguirre Schilder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Pharmacy SchoolUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | | | - Ana Rosa Márquez Blesa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Pharmacy SchoolUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacyUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)MadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS)GranadaSpain
| | - Olga Martínez‐Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Pharmacy SchoolUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)MadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS)GranadaSpain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘José Mataix’, Center of Biomedical ResearchUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | - Abdelali Daddaoua
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Pharmacy SchoolUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS)GranadaSpain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘José Mataix’, Center of Biomedical ResearchUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang S, Chen H, Shen P, Zhou Y, Li Q, Zhang J, Chen Y. Gasotransmitter Research Advances in Respiratory Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:168-185. [PMID: 37917094 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Gasotransmitters are small gas molecules that are endogenously generated and have well-defined physiological functions. The most well-defined gasotransmitters currently are nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), while other potent gasotransmitters include ammonia, methane, cyanide, hydrogen gas, and sulfur dioxide. Gasotransmitters play a role in various respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea, lung infection, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, and COVID-19. Recent Advances: Gasotransmitters can act as biomarkers that facilitate disease diagnosis, indicate disease severity, predict disease exacerbation, and evaluate disease outcomes. They also have cell-protective properties, and many studies have been conducted to explore their pharmacological applications. Innovative drug donors and drug delivery methods have been invented to amplify their therapeutic effects. Critical Issues: In this article, we briefly reviewed the physiological and pathophysiological functions of some gasotransmitters in the respiratory system, the progress in detecting exhaled gasotransmitters, as well as innovative drugs derived from these molecules. Future Directions: The current challenge for gasotransmitter research includes further exploring their physiological and pathological functions, clarifying their complicated interactions, exploring suitable drug donors and delivery devices, and characterizing new members of gasotransmitters. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 168-185.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haijie Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Shen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yumou Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyu Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xiao S, Yuan Z, Huang Y. The Potential Role of Nitric Oxide as a Therapeutic Agent against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17162. [PMID: 38138990 PMCID: PMC10742813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become the greatest worldwide public health threat of this century, which may predispose multi-organ failure (especially the lung) and death despite numerous mild and moderate symptoms. Recent studies have unraveled the molecular and clinical characteristics of the infectivity, pathogenicity, and immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 and thus improved the development of many different therapeutic strategies to combat COVID-19, including treatment and prevention. Previous studies have indicated that nitric oxide (NO) is an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory molecule with key roles in pulmonary vascular function in the context of viral infections and other pulmonary disease states. This review summarized the recent advances of the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, and accordingly elaborated on the potential application of NO in the management of patients with COVID-19 through antiviral activities and anti-inflammatory properties, which mitigate the propagation of this disease. Although there are some limits of NO in the treatment of COVID-19, it might be a worthy candidate in the multiple stages of COVID-19 prevention or therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Huang
- National Biosafety Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430020, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao Y, Li C, Zhang S, Cheng J, Liu Y, Han X, Wang Y, Wang Y. Inhaled nitric oxide: can it serve as a savior for COVID-19 and related respiratory and cardiovascular diseases? Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1277552. [PMID: 37849924 PMCID: PMC10577426 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1277552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), as an important gaseous medium, plays a pivotal role in the human body, such as maintaining vascular homeostasis, regulating immune-inflammatory responses, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and inhibiting leukocyte adhesion. In recent years, the rapid prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has greatly affected the daily lives and physical and mental health of people all over the world, and the therapeutic efficacy and resuscitation strategies for critically ill patients need to be further improved and perfected. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a selective pulmonary vasodilator, and some studies have demonstrated its potential therapeutic use for COVID-19, severe respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary infections, and pulmonary hypertension. In this article, we describe the biochemistry and basic characteristics of NO and discuss whether iNO can act as a "savior" for COVID-19 and related respiratory and cardiovascular disorders to exert a potent clinical protective effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiayu Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiaorong Han
- Department of Special Care Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sonvico F, Colombo G, Quarta E, Guareschi F, Banella S, Buttini F, Scherließ R. Nasal delivery as a strategy for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1115-1130. [PMID: 37755135 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2263363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The upper respiratory tract is a major route of infection for COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases. Thus, it appears logical to exploit the nose as administration site to prevent, fight, or minimize infectious spread and treat the disease. Numerous nasal products addressing these aspects have been considered and developed for COVID-19. AREAS COVERED This review gives a comprehensive overview of the different approaches involving nasal delivery, i.e., nasal vaccination, barrier products, and antiviral pharmacological treatments that have led to products on the market or under clinical evaluation, highlighting the peculiarities of the nose as application and absorption site and pointing at key aspects of nasal drug delivery. EXPERT OPINION From the analysis of nasal delivery strategies to prevent or fight COVID-19, it emerges that, especially for nasal immunization, formulations appear the same as originally designed for parenteral administration, leading to suboptimal results. On the other hand, mechanical barrier and antiviral products, designed to halt or treat the infection at early stage, have been proven effective but were rarely brought to the clinics. If supported by robust and targeted product development strategies, intranasal immunization and drug delivery can represent valid and sometimes superior alternatives to more conventional parenteral and oral medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sonvico
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gaia Colombo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eride Quarta
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Banella
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Regina Scherließ
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Priority Research Area Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Sciences (KiNSIS), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dechtman ID, Ankory R, Sokolinsky K, Krasner E, Weiss L, Gal Y. Clinically Evaluated COVID-19 Drugs with Therapeutic Potential for Biological Warfare Agents. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1577. [PMID: 37375079 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak resulted in hundreds of millions of coronavirus cases, as well as millions of deaths worldwide. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease resulting from exposure to this pathogen, is characterized, among other features, by a pulmonary pathology, which can progress to "cytokine storm", acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure and death. Vaccines are the unsurpassed strategy for prevention and protection against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, there is still an extremely high number of severely ill people from at-risk populations. This may be attributed to waning immune response, variant-induced breakthrough infections, unvaccinated population, etc. It is therefore of high importance to utilize pharmacological-based treatments, despite the progression of the global vaccination campaign. Until the approval of Paxlovid, an efficient and highly selective anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug, and the broad-spectrum antiviral agent Lagevrio, many pharmacological-based countermeasures were, and still are, being evaluated in clinical trials. Some of these are host-directed therapies (HDTs), which modulate the endogenic response against the virus, and therefore may confer efficient protection against a wide array of pathogens. These could potentially include Biological Warfare Agents (BWAs), exposure to which may lead to mass casualties due to disease severity and a possible lack of efficient treatment. In this review, we assessed the recent literature on drugs under advanced clinical evaluation for COVID-19 with broad spectrum activity, including antiviral agents and HDTs, which may be relevant for future coping with BWAs, as well as with other agents, in particular respiratory infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ido-David Dechtman
- Pulmonology Department, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, 62 Halochamim Street, Holon 5822012, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ran Ankory
- The Israel Defense Force Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Military Post 02149, Israel
| | - Keren Sokolinsky
- Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense Division, Ministry of Defense, HaKirya, Tel Aviv 61909, Israel
| | - Esther Krasner
- Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense Division, Ministry of Defense, HaKirya, Tel Aviv 61909, Israel
| | - Libby Weiss
- Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense Division, Ministry of Defense, HaKirya, Tel Aviv 61909, Israel
| | - Yoav Gal
- Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense Division, Ministry of Defense, HaKirya, Tel Aviv 61909, Israel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chatterjee S, Chakraborty A, Banik J, Mahindru S, Sharma AK, Mukherjee M. SNAP@CQD as a promising therapeutic vehicle against HCoVs: an overview. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103601. [PMID: 37119964 PMCID: PMC10140467 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
This report discusses potential therapies for treating human coronaviruses (HCoVs) and their economic impact. Specifically, we explore therapeutics that can support the body's immune response, including immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG and T-cell responses, to inhibit the viral replication cycle and improve respiratory function. We hypothesize that carbon quantum dots conjugated with S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) could be a synergistic alternative cure for treating respiratory injuries caused by HCoV infections. To achieve this, we propose developing aerosol sprays containing SNAP moieties that release nitric oxide and are conjugated onto promising nanostructured materials. These sprays could combat HCoVs by inhibiting viral replication and improving respiratory function. Furthermore, they could potentially provide other benefits, such as providing novel possibilities for nasal vaccines in the future. Teaser: Synergistic effect of carbon quantum dots and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) could be suggested as an alternative treatment for the respiratory damage caused by HCoV infections that further open possibilities of developing novel nasal vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satyaki Chatterjee
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies (AICCRS), Amity University, Noida, U.P. - 201301, India
| | - Arnab Chakraborty
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies (AICCRS), Amity University, Noida, U.P. - 201301, India
| | - Jyotiparna Banik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Sanya Mahindru
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida - 201303, India
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana - 122413, India
| | - Monalisa Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies (AICCRS), Amity University, Noida, U.P. - 201301, India; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida - 201303, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Klussmann JP, Grosheva M, Meiser P, Lehmann C, Nagy E, Szijártó V, Nagy G, Konrat R, Flegel M, Holzer F, Groß D, Steinmetz C, Scherer B, Gruell H, Schlotz M, Klein F, de Aragão PA, Morr H, Al Saleh H, Bilstein A, Russo B, Müller-Scholtz S, Acikel C, Sahin H, Werkhäuser N, Allekotte S, Mösges R. Early intervention with azelastine nasal spray may reduce viral load in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6839. [PMID: 37100830 PMCID: PMC10132439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
With the changing epidemiology of COVID-19 and its impact on our daily lives, there is still an unmet need of COVID-19 therapies treating early infections to prevent progression. The current study was a randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ninety SARS-CoV-2 positive patients were randomized into 3 groups receiving placebo, 0.02% or 0.1% azelastine nasal spray for 11 days, during which viral loads were assessed by quantitative PCR. Investigators assessed patients' status throughout the trial including safety follow-ups (days 16 and 60). Symptoms were documented in patient diaries. Initial viral loads were log10 6.85 ± 1.31 (mean ± SD) copies/mL (ORF 1a/b gene). After treatment, virus load was reduced in all groups (p < 0.0001) but was greater in the 0.1% group compared to placebo (p = 0.007). In a subset of patients (initial Ct < 25) viral load was strongly reduced on day 4 in the 0.1% group compared to placebo (p = 0.005). Negative PCR results appeared earlier and more frequently in the azelastine treated groups: being 18.52% and 21.43% in the 0.1% and 0.02% groups, respectively, compared to 0% for placebo on day 8. Comparable numbers of adverse events occurred in all treatment groups with no safety concerns. The shown effects of azelastine nasal spray may thus be suggestive of azelastine's potential as an antiviral treatment.Trial registration: The study was registered in the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00024520; Date of Registration in DRKS: 12/02/2021). EudraCT number: 2020-005544-34.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Peter Klussmann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Grosheva
- Medical Faculty, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Meiser
- URSAPHARM Arzneimittel GmbH, Industriestraße 35, 66129, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Clara Lehmann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Location Bonn-Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eszter Nagy
- CEBINA GmbH, Karl-Farkas-Gasse 22, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gábor Nagy
- CEBINA GmbH, Karl-Farkas-Gasse 22, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Konrat
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Flegel
- URSAPHARM Arzneimittel GmbH, Industriestraße 35, 66129, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Frank Holzer
- URSAPHARM Arzneimittel GmbH, Industriestraße 35, 66129, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Dorothea Groß
- URSAPHARM Arzneimittel GmbH, Industriestraße 35, 66129, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Charlotte Steinmetz
- URSAPHARM Arzneimittel GmbH, Industriestraße 35, 66129, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Barbara Scherer
- URSAPHARM Arzneimittel GmbH, Industriestraße 35, 66129, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Henning Gruell
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maike Schlotz
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Klein
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Location Bonn-Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paula Aguiar de Aragão
- Medical Faculty, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henning Morr
- Medical Faculty, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Helal Al Saleh
- Medical Faculty, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Belisa Russo
- ClinCompetence Cologne GmbH, Theodor-Heuss-Ring 14, 50668, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Cengizhan Acikel
- ClinCompetence Cologne GmbH, Theodor-Heuss-Ring 14, 50668, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hacer Sahin
- ClinCompetence Cologne GmbH, Theodor-Heuss-Ring 14, 50668, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Werkhäuser
- ClinCompetence Cologne GmbH, Theodor-Heuss-Ring 14, 50668, Cologne, Germany
| | - Silke Allekotte
- ClinCompetence Cologne GmbH, Theodor-Heuss-Ring 14, 50668, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ralph Mösges
- ClinCompetence Cologne GmbH, Theodor-Heuss-Ring 14, 50668, Cologne, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology (IMSB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li W, Wang D, Lao KU, Wang X. Inclusion Complexation of S-Nitrosoglutathione for Sustained Nitric Oxide Release from Catheter Surfaces: A Strategy to Prevent and Treat Device-Associated Infections. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1694-1705. [PMID: 36542753 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is a nontoxic nitric oxide (NO)-donating compound that occurs naturally in the human body. The use of GSNO to deliver exogenous NO for therapeutic and protective applications is limited by the high lability of dissolved GSNO in aqueous formulations. In this paper, we report a host-guest chemistry-based strategy to modulate the GSNO reactivity and NO release kinetics for the design of anti-infective catheters and hydrogels. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are host molecules that are typically used to encapsulate hydrophobic guest molecules into their hydrophobic cavities. However, we found that CDs form inclusion complexes with GSNO, an extremely hydrophilic molecule with a solubility of over 1 M at physiological pH. More interestingly, the host-guest complexation reduces the decomposition reactivity of GSNO in the order of αCD > γCD > hydroxypropyl βCD. The lifetime of 0.1 M GSNO is increased to up to 15 days in the presence of CDs at 37 °C, which is more than twice the lifetime of free GSNO. Quantum chemistry calculations indicate that GSNO in αCD undergoes a conformational change that significantly reduces the S-NO bond distance and increases its stability. The calculated S-NO bond dissociation enthalpies of free and complexed GSNO well agree with the experimentally observed GSNO decomposition kinetics. The NO release from GSNO-CD solutions, compared to GSNO solutions, has suppressed initial bursts and extended durations, enhancing the safety and efficacy of NO-based therapies and device protections. In an example application as an anti-infective lock solution for intravascular catheters, the GSNO-αCD solution exhibits potent antibacterial activities for both planktonic and biofilm bacteria, both intraluminal and extraluminal environments, both prevention and treatment of infections, and against multiple bacterial strains, including a multidrug-resistant strain. In addition to solutions, the inclusion complexation also enables the preparation of GSNO hydrogels with enhanced stability and improved antibacterial efficacy. Since methods to suppress and control the GSNO decomposition rate are rare, this supramolecular strategy provides new opportunities for the formulation and application of this natural NO donor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 W. Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Danyang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 W. Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Ka Un Lao
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 W. Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Xuewei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 W. Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nasal sprays for treating COVID-19: a scientific note. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:249-265. [PMID: 36848033 PMCID: PMC9969373 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Clinical management of COVID-19 has been a daunting task. Due to the lack of specific treatment, vaccines have been regarded as the first line of defence. Innate responses and cell-mediated systemic immunity, including serum antibodies, have been the primary focus of practically all studies of the immune response to COVID-19. However, owing to the difficulties encountered by the conventional route, alternative routes for prophylaxis and therapy became the need of the hour. The first site invaded by SARS-CoV-2 is the upper respiratory tract. Nasal vaccines are already in different stages of development. Apart from prophylactic purposes, mucosal immunity can be exploited for therapeutic purposes too. The nasal route for drug delivery offers many advantages over the conventional route. Besides offering a needle-free delivery, they can be self-administered. They present less logistical burden as there is no need for refrigeration. The present article focuses on various aspects of nasal spray for eliminating COVID-19.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chavda VP, Patel AB, Vora LK, Singla RK, Shah P, Uversky VN, Apostolopoulos V. Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives Containing Nasal Spray and Inhalation Therapy for the Treatment of COVID-19. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3658-3670. [PMID: 36284382 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221024124848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a major health concern worldwide and has evolved into different variants. SARS-CoV-2 possesses a spike glycoprotein on its envelope that binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor of the host cell via the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the upper respiratory tract. Since the SARS-CoV-2 virus variants change the severity of the diesease and treatment scenarios, repurposing current medicines may provide a quick and appealing method with established safety features. The efficacy and safety of antiviral medicines against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been investigated, and several of them are now undergoing clinical studies. Recently, it has been found that nitric oxide (NO) shows antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2 and prevents the virus from binding to a host cell. In addition, NO is a well-known vasodilator and acts as an important coagulation mediator. With the fast-track development of COVID-19 treatments and vaccines, one avenue of research aimed at improving therapeutics is exploring different forms of drug delivery, including intranasal sprays and inhalation therapy. The nasal mucosa is more prone to be the site of infection as it is in more direct contact with the physical environment via air during inhalation and exhalation. Thus, the use of exogenous nasal NO therapy via the intranasal route displays a distinct advantage. Therefore, the objective of this review is to summarize the relevant actions of NO via the intranasal spray and inhalation delivery, its mechanism of action, and its use in the treatment of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad - 380009, India
| | - Aayushi B Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad - 380009, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India
| | - Priyal Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad - 380009, India
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC 3030, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ranjbar T, Oza PP, Kashfi K. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, Nitric Oxide, and Hydrogen Sulfide at the Crossroads of Hypertension and COVID-19: Racial Disparities and Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213895. [PMID: 36430371 PMCID: PMC9699619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and is more severe in the elderly, racial minorities, and those with comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes. These pathologies are often controlled with medications involving the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). RAAS is an endocrine system involved in maintaining blood pressure and blood volume through components of the system. SARS-CoV-2 enters the cells through ACE2, a membrane-bound protein related to RAAS. Therefore, the use of RAAS inhibitors could worsen the severity of COVID-19's symptoms, especially amongst those with pre-existing comorbidities. Although a vaccine is currently available to prevent and reduce the symptom severity of COVID-19, other options, such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide, may also have utility to prevent and treat this virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara Ranjbar
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Palak P. Oza
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nasrullah A, Virk S, Shah A, Jacobs M, Hamza A, Sheikh AB, Javed A, Butt MA, Sangli S. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and the Use of Inhaled Pulmonary Vasodilators in the COVID-19 Era: A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1766. [PMID: 36362921 PMCID: PMC9695622 DOI: 10.3390/life12111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic of 2019 has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality, especially from severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As of September 2022, more than 6.5 million patients have died globally, and up to 5% required intensive care unit treatment. COVID-19-associated ARDS (CARDS) differs from the typical ARDS due to distinct pathology involving the pulmonary vasculature endothelium, resulting in diffuse thrombi in the pulmonary circulation and impaired gas exchange. The National Institute of Health and the Society of Critical Care Medicine recommend lung-protective ventilation, prone ventilation, and neuromuscular blockade as needed. Further, a trial of pulmonary vasodilators is suggested for those who develop refractory hypoxemia. A review of the prior literature on inhaled pulmonary vasodilators in ARDS suggests only a transient improvement in oxygenation, with no mortality benefit. This narrative review aims to highlight the fundamental principles in ARDS management, delineate the fundamental differences between CARDS and ARDS, and describe the comprehensive use of inhaled pulmonary vasodilators. In addition, with the differing pathophysiology of CARDS from the typical ARDS, we sought to evaluate the current evidence regarding the use of inhaled pulmonary vasodilators in CARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Nasrullah
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
| | - Shiza Virk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15512, USA
| | - Aaisha Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15512, USA
| | - Max Jacobs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15512, USA
| | - Amina Hamza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15512, USA
| | - Abu Baker Sheikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Anam Javed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15512, USA
| | - Muhammad Ali Butt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15512, USA
| | - Swathi Sangli
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Oza PP, Kashfi K. Utility of NO and H 2S donating platforms in managing COVID-19: Rationale and promise. Nitric Oxide 2022; 128:72-102. [PMID: 36029975 PMCID: PMC9398942 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections are a continuing global burden on the human population, underscored by the ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic. Current treatment options and supportive therapies for many viral infections are relatively limited, indicating a need for alternative therapeutic approaches. Virus-induced damage occurs through direct infection of host cells and inflammation-related changes. Severe cases of certain viral infections, including COVID-19, can lead to a hyperinflammatory response termed cytokine storm, resulting in extensive endothelial damage, thrombosis, respiratory failure, and death. Therapies targeting these complications are crucial in addition to antiviral therapies. Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide are two endogenous gasotransmitters that have emerged as key signaling molecules with a broad range of antiviral actions in addition to having anti-inflammatory properties and protective functions in the vasculature and respiratory system. The enhancement of endogenous nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide levels thus holds promise for managing both early-stage and later-stage viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Using SARS-CoV-2 as a model for similar viral infections, here we explore the current evidence regarding nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide's use to limit viral infection, resolve inflammation, and reduce vascular and pulmonary damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palak P Oza
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, 10091, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Islam MR, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA. The latest Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 lineages are frowning toward COVID-19 preventive measures: A threat to global public health. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e884. [PMID: 36254237 PMCID: PMC9561426 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificFarmgateDhakaBangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificFarmgateDhakaBangladesh
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kondengadan SM, Bansal S, Yang C, Liu D, Fultz Z, Wang B. Click chemistry and drug delivery: A bird’s-eye view. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1990-2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
|
19
|
Tandon M, Wu W, Moore K, Winchester S, Tu YP, Miller C, Kodgule R, Pendse A, Rangwala S, Joshi S. SARS-CoV-2 accelerated clearance using a novel nitric oxide nasal spray (NONS) treatment: A randomized trial. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH - SOUTHEAST ASIA 2022; 3:100036. [PMID: 35784831 PMCID: PMC9239922 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Methods Findings Interpretation Funding
Collapse
|
20
|
Konrat R, Papp H, Kimpel J, Rössler A, Szijártó V, Nagy G, Madai M, Zeghbib S, Kuczmog A, Lanszki Z, Gesell T, Helyes Z, Kemenesi G, Jakab F, Nagy E. The Anti-Histamine Azelastine, Identified by Computational Drug Repurposing, Inhibits Infection by Major Variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Cell Cultures and Reconstituted Human Nasal Tissue. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:861295. [PMID: 35846988 PMCID: PMC9280057 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.861295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose challenges, especially with the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants that are associated with higher infectivity and/or compromised protection afforded by the current vaccines. There is a high demand for additional preventive and therapeutic strategies effective against this changing virus. Repurposing of approved or clinically tested drugs can provide an immediate solution. Experimental Approach: We applied a novel computational approach to search among approved and commercially available drugs. Antiviral activity of a predicted drug, azelastine, was tested in vitro in SARS-CoV-2 infection assays with Vero E6 cells, Vero cells stably overexpressing the human TMPRSS2 and ACE2 proteins as well as on reconstituted human nasal tissue using the predominant variant circulating in Europe in summer 2020, B.1.177 (D614G variant), and its emerging variants of concern; B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta) and B.1.617.2 (delta) variants. The effect of azelastine on viral replication was assessed by quantification of viral genomes by droplet digital PCR or qPCR. Key results: The computational approach identified major drug families, such as anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, antihistamine, and neuroactive drugs. Based on its attractive safety profile and availability in nasal formulation, azelastine, a histamine 1 receptor-blocker was selected for experimental testing. Azelastine reduced the virus-induced cytopathic effect and SARS-CoV-2 copy numbers both in preventive and treatment settings upon infection of Vero cells with an EC50 of 2.2–6.5 µM. Comparable potency was observed with the alpha, beta and delta variants. Furthermore, five-fold dilution (containing 0.02% azelastine) of the commercially available nasal spray formulation was highly potent in inhibiting viral propagation in reconstituted human nasal tissue. Conclusion and Implications: Azelastine, an antihistamine available as nasal sprays developed against allergic rhinitis may be considered as a topical prevention or treatment of nasal colonization by SARS-CoV-2. A Phase 2 efficacy indicator study with azelastine-containing nasal spray that was designed based on the findings reported here has been concluded recently, confirming accelerated viral clearance in SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Konrat
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Calyxha Biotechnologies GmbH, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Robert Konrat, ; Eszter Nagy,
| | - Henrietta Papp
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institue of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Janine Kimpel
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Annika Rössler
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Valéria Szijártó
- CEBINA (Central European Biotech Incubator and Accelerator) GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gábor Nagy
- CEBINA (Central European Biotech Incubator and Accelerator) GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mónika Madai
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institue of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Safia Zeghbib
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institue of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anett Kuczmog
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institue of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Lanszki
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institue of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tanja Gesell
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Calyxha Biotechnologies GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School and Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kemenesi
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institue of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Jakab
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institue of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Nagy
- Calyxha Biotechnologies GmbH, Vienna, Austria
- CEBINA (Central European Biotech Incubator and Accelerator) GmbH, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Robert Konrat, ; Eszter Nagy,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Panatto D, Orsi A, Bruzzone B, Ricucci V, Fedele G, Reiner G, Giarratana N, Domnich A, Icardi G. Efficacy of the Sentinox Spray in Reducing Viral Load in Mild COVID-19 and Its Virucidal Activity against Other Respiratory Viruses: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial and an In Vitro Study. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051033. [PMID: 35632774 PMCID: PMC9144724 DOI: 10.3390/v14051033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sentinox (STX) is an acid-oxidizing solution containing hypochlorous acid in spray whose virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated. In this paper, results of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on the efficacy of STX in reducing viral load in mild COVID-19 patients (NCT04909996) and a complementary in vitro study on its activity against different respiratory viruses are reported. In the RCT, 57 patients were randomized (1:1:1) to receive STX three (STX-3) or five (STX-5) times/day plus standard therapy or standard therapy only (controls). Compared with controls, the log10 load reduction in groups STX-3 and STX-5 was 1.02 (p = 0.14) and 0.18 (p = 0.80), respectively. These results were likely driven by outliers with extreme baseline viral loads. When considering subjects with baseline cycle threshold values of 20–30, STX-3 showed a significant (p = 0.016) 2.01 log10 reduction. The proportion of subjects that turned negative by the end of treatment (day 5) was significantly higher in the STX-3 group than in controls, suggesting a shorter virus clearance time. STX was safe and well-tolerated. In the in vitro study, ≥99.9% reduction in titers against common respiratory viruses was observed. STX is a safe device with large virucidal spectrum and may reduce viral loads in mild COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Panatto
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.P.); (A.O.); (G.I.)
| | - Andrea Orsi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.P.); (A.O.); (G.I.)
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.B.); (V.R.)
| | - Bianca Bruzzone
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.B.); (V.R.)
| | - Valentina Ricucci
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.B.); (V.R.)
| | | | - Giorgio Reiner
- APR Applied Pharma Research SA, via Corti 5, CH-6828 Balerna, Switzerland; (G.R.); (N.G.)
| | - Nadia Giarratana
- APR Applied Pharma Research SA, via Corti 5, CH-6828 Balerna, Switzerland; (G.R.); (N.G.)
| | - Alexander Domnich
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.B.); (V.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giancarlo Icardi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.P.); (A.O.); (G.I.)
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.B.); (V.R.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Seow HC, Liao Q, Lau ATY, Leung SWS, Yuan S, Lam JKW. Dual targeting powder formulation of antiviral agent for customizable nasal and lung deposition profile through single intranasal administration. Int J Pharm 2022; 619:121704. [PMID: 35358643 PMCID: PMC8958263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Unpredictable outbreaks due to respiratory viral infections emphasize the need for new drug delivery strategies to the entire respiratory tract. As viral attack is not limited to a specific anatomic region, antiviral therapy that targets both the upper and lower respiratory tract would be most effective. This study aimed to formulate tamibarotene, a retinoid derivative previously reported to display broad-spectrum antiviral activity against influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), as a novel dual particle size powder formulation that targets both the nasal cavity and the lung by a single route of intranasal administration. Spray freeze drying (SFD) and spray drying (SD) techniques were employed to prepare tamibarotene powder formulations, and cyclodextrin was used as the sole excipient to enhance drug solubility. With the employment of appropriate atomizing nozzles, particles of size above 10 μm and below 5 μm could be produced for nasal and lung deposition, respectively. The aerosol performance of the powder was evaluated using Next Generation Impactor (NGI) coupled with a glass expansion chamber and the powder was dispersed with a nasal powder device. By blending powder of two different particle sizes, a single powder formulation with dual aerosol deposition characteristic in both the nasal and pulmonary regions was produced. The aerosol deposition fractions in the nasal cavity and pulmonary region could be modulated by varying the powder mixing ratio. All dry powder formulations exhibited spherical structures, amorphous characteristics and improved dissolution profile as compared to the unformulated tamibarotene. Overall, a novel dual targeting powder formulation of tamibarotene exhibiting customizable aerosol deposition profile was developed. This exceptional formulation strategy can be adopted to deliver other antimicrobial agents to the upper and lower airways for the prevention and treatment of human respiratory infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Cong Seow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Qiuying Liao
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Andy T Y Lau
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Susan W S Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Caro Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jenny K W Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Advances in the Prophylaxis of Respiratory Infections by the Nasal and the Oromucosal Route: Relevance to the Fight with the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030530. [PMID: 35335905 PMCID: PMC8953301 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this time of COVID-19 pandemic, the strategies for prevention of the infection are a primary concern. Looking more globally on the subject and acknowledging the high degree of misuse of protective face masks from the population, we focused this review on alternative pharmaceutical developments eligible for self-defense against respiratory infections. In particular, the attention herein is directed to the nasal and oromucosal formulations intended to boost the local immunity, neutralize or mechanically “trap” the pathogens at the site of entry (nose or mouth). The current work presents a critical review of the contemporary methods of immune- and chemoprophylaxis and their suitability and applicability in topical mucosal dosage forms for SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis.
Collapse
|
24
|
Artik Y, Kurtulmus MS, Cesur NP, Mart Komurcu SZ, Kazezoglu C, Kocatas A. Clinic Evaluation of The Destrovir Spray Effectiveness in SARS-CoV-2 Disease. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/11578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
25
|
Wang Q, Ma XK. Could Mouth Breathing Lead to Adenoid Hypertrophy? DENTAL HYPOTHESES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/denthyp.denthyp_132_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
26
|
Pouresmaieli M, Ekrami E, Akbari A, Noorbakhsh N, Moghadam NB, Mamoudifard M. A comprehensive review on efficient approaches for combating coronaviruses. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112353. [PMID: 34794240 PMCID: PMC8531103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost 80% of people confronting COVID-19 recover from COVID-19 disease without any particular treatments. They experience heterogeneous symptoms; a wide range of respiratory symptoms, cough, dyspnea, fever, and viral pneumonia. However, some others need urgent intervention and special treatment to get rid of this widespread disease. So far, there isn't any unique drug for the potential treatment of COVID 19. However, some available therapeutic drugs used for other diseases seem beneficial for the COVID-19 treatment. On the other hand, there is a robust global concern for developing an efficient COVID-19 vaccine to control the COVID-19 pandemic sustainably. According to the WHO report, since 8 October 2021, 320 vaccines have been in progress. 194 vaccines are in the pre-clinical development stage that 126 of them are in clinical progression. Here, in this paper, we have comprehensively reviewed the most recent and updated information about coronavirus and its mutations, all the potential therapeutic approaches for treating COVID-19, developed diagnostic systems for COVID- 19 and the available COVID-19 vaccines and their mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Pouresmaieli
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran,Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Elena Ekrami
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbari
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Noorbakhsh
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran,Faculty of Medical Science and Technologies, Islamic Azad University Science and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Borzooee Moghadam
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Matin Mamoudifard
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose-Based Nasal Sprays Effectively Inhibit In Vitro SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Spread. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122345. [PMID: 34960612 PMCID: PMC8705245 DOI: 10.3390/v13122345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has required a variety of non-medical interventions to limit the transmission of the causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). One such option is over-the-counter nasal sprays that aim to block virus entry and transmission within the nasal cavity. In this study, we assessed the ability of three hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-based powder nasal sprays, produced by Nasaleze, to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection and release in vitro. Upon application, the HPMC powder forms a gel-like matrix within the nasal cavity—a process we recapitulated in cell culture. We found that virus release from cells previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 was inhibited by the gel matrix product in a dose-dependent manner, with virus levels reduced by >99.99% over a 72 h period at a dose of 6.4 mg/3.5 cm2. We also show that the pre-treatment of cells with product inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection, independent of the virus variant. The primary mechanism of action appears to be via the formation of a physical, passive barrier. However, the addition of wild garlic provided additional direct antiviral properties in some formulations. We conclude that HPMC-based nasal sprays may offer an additional component to strategies to limit the spread of respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ratcliffe NA, Castro HC, Paixão IC, Evangelho VGO, Azambuja P, Mello CB. Nasal therapy-The missing link in optimising strategies to improve prevention and treatment of COVID-19. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010079. [PMID: 34818380 PMCID: PMC8612505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Norman A Ratcliffe
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Helena C Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Izabel C Paixão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular e Biotecnologia Marinha, IB, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Victor G O Evangelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Patricia Azambuja
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquimica e Biotecnologia, IB, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Cicero B Mello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquimica e Biotecnologia, IB, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pilicheva B, Boyuklieva R. Can the Nasal Cavity Help Tackle COVID-19? Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1612. [PMID: 34683904 PMCID: PMC8537957 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress made in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, it still poses dramatic challenges for scientists around the world. Various approaches are applied, including repurposed medications and alternative routes for administration. Several vaccines have been approved, and many more are under clinical and preclinical investigation. This review aims to systemize the available information and to outline the key therapeutic strategies for COVID-19, based on the nasal route of administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bissera Pilicheva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Boyuklieva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| |
Collapse
|