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Sellamuthu G, Naseer A, Hradecký J, Chakraborty A, Synek J, Modlinger R, Roy A. Gene expression plasticity facilitates different host feeding in Ips sexdentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 165:104061. [PMID: 38151136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.104061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Host shift is ecologically advantageous and a crucial driver for herbivore insect speciation. Insects on the non-native host obtain enemy-free space and confront reduced competition, but they must adapt to survive. Such signatures of adaptations can often be detected at the gene expression level. It is astonishing how bark beetles cope with distinct chemical environments while feeding on various conifers. Hence, we aim to disentangle the six-toothed bark beetle (Ips sexdentatus) response against two different conifer defences upon host shift (Scots pine to Norway spruce). We conducted bioassay and metabolomic analysis followed by RNA-seq experiments to comprehend the beetle's ability to surpass two different terpene-based conifer defence systems. Beetle growth rate and fecundity were increased when reared exclusively on spruce logs (alternative host) compared to pine logs (native host). Comparative gene expression analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to digestion, detoxification, transporter activity, growth, signalling, and stress response in the spruce-feeding beetle gut. Transporter genes were highly abundant during spruce feeding, suggesting they could play a role in pumping a wide variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds or allelochemicals out. Trehalose transporter (TRET) is also up-regulated in the spruce-fed beetle gut to maintain homeostasis and stress tolerance. RT-qPCR and enzymatic assays further corroborated some of our findings. Taken together, the transcriptional plasticity of key physiological genes plays a crucial role after the host shift and provides vital clues for the adaptive potential of bark beetles on different conifer hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gothandapani Sellamuthu
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Forest Molecular Entomology Lab, Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Aisha Naseer
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Forest Molecular Entomology Lab, Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Hradecký
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Forest Molecular Entomology Lab, Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Forest Microbiome Team, Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Synek
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Modlinger
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Amit Roy
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Forest Molecular Entomology Lab, Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Forest Microbiome Team, Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic.
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Yang F, Wu C, Zhu G, Yang Q, Wang K, Li Y. An integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis for changes in rose plant induced by rose powdery mildew and exogenous salicylic acid. Genomics 2022; 114:110516. [PMID: 36306956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We explored the transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in Rosa chinensis after the infection with Podosphaera pannosa and after the treatment with exogenous salicylic acid (SA), separately. The rose responses to the mildew-infection were clearly similar to the responses to the SA-treatment. Based on the combined omics analysis, after the induction by both P. pannosa and SA, R. chinensis responded consistently by MAPK cascades, plant-pathogen interaction pathway activation, and resistance (R) genes expression, and further, triterpenoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism were significantly enriched when compared with the control. The levels of the triterpenoids with the largest fold change values were significantly up-regulated such as dehydro (11,12) ursolic acid lactone and maslinic acid, suggesting that these pathways and metabolites were involved in the resistance to P. pannosa. The contents of salicylic acid beta-D-glucoside, methyl salicylate, and methyl jasmonate increased significantly resulting from both P. pannosa-infection and exogenous SA-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Chunhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Guolei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Kejian Wang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Yunxian Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, PR China.
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Chatterjee M, Yadav J, Rathinam M, Karthik K, Chowdhary G, Sreevathsa R, Rao U. Amenability of Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to gene silencing through exogenous administration and host-delivered dsRNA in pigeonpea ( Cajanus cajan L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:189-202. [PMID: 35221579 PMCID: PMC8847478 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Insect pests are one of the major biotic stresses limiting yield in commercially important crops. The lepidopteran polyphagous spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata causes significant economic losses in legumes including pigeonpea. RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene silencing has emerged as one of the potential biotechnological tools for crop improvement. We report in this paper, RNAi in M. vitrata through exogenous administration of dsRNA with sequence specificity to three functionally important genes, Alpha-amylase (α-amylase), Chymotrypsin-like serine protease (CTLP) and Tropomyosin (TPM) into the larval haemolymph and their host-delivered RNAi in pigeonpea. Significant decline in the expression of selected genes supported by over-expression of DICER and generation of siRNA indicated the occurrence of RNAi in the dsRNA-injected larvae. Additionally, the onset of RNAi in the herbivore was demonstrated in pigeonpea, one of the prominent hosts, by host-delivered dsRNA. Transgenics in pigeonpea (cv. Pusa 992), a highly recalcitrant crop, were developed through a shoot apical meristem-targeted in planta transformation strategy and evaluated. Plant level bioassays in transgenic events characterized and selected at molecular level showed mortality of M. vitrata larvae as well as reduced feeding when compared to wild-type. Furthermore, molecular evidence for down regulation of target genes in the insects that fed on transgenic plants authenticated RNAi. Considering the variability of gene silencing in lepidopteran pests, this study provided corroborative proof for the possibility of gene silencing in M. vitrata through both the strategies. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01133-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Chatterjee
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Maniraj Rathinam
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kesiraju Karthik
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gopal Chowdhary
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | | | - Uma Rao
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Matić D, Vlahović M, Ilijin L, Grčić A, Filipović A, Todorović D, Perić-Mataruga V. Implications of long-term exposure of a Lymantria dispar L. population to pollution for the response of larval midgut proteases and acid phosphatases to chronic cadmium treatment. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 250:109172. [PMID: 34461292 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) presence in terrestrial ecosystems is a serious threat that requires continuous development of biomonitoring tools. Ideally, a suitable biomarker of exposure should respond to the toxicant consistently in different populations regardless of previous exposure to pollution. Here we considered the activities and isoform patterns of certain proteases and acid phosphatases (ACP) in the midgut of Lymantria dispar larvae as well as the integrated biomarker response (IBR) for application in Cd biomonitoring. We compared the responses of caterpillars originating from unpolluted and polluted localities after they had been chronically subjected to dietary Cd (50 and 100 μg Cd/g dry food). The population inhabiting the unpolluted forest was far more sensitive to Cd exposure as the activities of total proteases, trypsin (TRY) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) were mostly reduced while the activities of total and non-lysosomal ACP were increased. Non-lysosomal ACP activity was elevated in larvae from the contaminated site in response to the higher Cd concentration. Exposure to the metal resulted in numerous alterations in the pattern of enzyme isoforms, but the responses of the two populations were similar except that larvae from the polluted locality were more tolerant to the lower Cd concentration. Non-lysosomal ACP activity and the appearance of ACP isoforms 4 and 5 together with the IBR index are the most promising indicators of Cd presence, potentially applicable even in populations with a history of exposure to pollution. TRY and total ACP activities could be used to monitor populations at uncontaminated localities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Matić
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Vlahović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Larisa Ilijin
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anja Grčić
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Filipović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dajana Todorović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Perić-Mataruga
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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Evolutionary changes in an invasive plant support the defensive role of plant volatiles. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3450-3456.e5. [PMID: 34146488 PMCID: PMC8360764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly evident that plants interact with their outside world through the production of volatile organic compounds,1, 2, 3, 4, 5 but whether the volatiles have evolved to serve in plant defense is still a topic of considerable debate.3,6, 7, 8 Unharmed leaves constitutively release small amounts of volatiles, but when the leaves are damaged by herbivorous arthropods, they emit substantially more volatiles. These herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) attract parasitoids and predators that kill insect herbivores,9, 10, 11, 12 and this can benefit the plants.13,14 As yet, however, there is no tangible evolutionary evidence that this tritrophic interplay contributes to the selection forces that have shaped the volatile emissions of plants.2,3,5, 6, 7, 8,15 With this in mind, we investigated the evolutionary changes in volatile emissions in invasive common ragwort and the respective defensive roles of its constitutive and inducible volatiles. This Eurasian plant has invaded other continents, where it evolved for many generations in the absence of specialized herbivores and their natural enemies. We found that, compared to native ragworts, invasive plants release higher levels of constitutive volatiles but considerably lower levels of herbivore-induced volatiles. As a consequence, invasive ragwort is more attractive to a specialist moth but avoided by an unadapted generalist moth. Importantly, conforming to the indirect defense hypothesis, a specialist parasitoid was much more attracted to caterpillar-damaged native ragwort, which was reflected in higher parasitism rates in a field trial. The evolution of foliar volatile emissions appears to be indeed driven by their direct and indirect roles in defenses against insects. The evolution of invasive plants can provide insight into the function of volatiles Invasive ragwort releases more constitutive but fewer inducible volatiles The invader is more attractive to a specialist herbivore but less to its parasitoid The evolution of volatiles from invasive ragwort supports their defensive function
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Cavalcanti VLR, Brandão-Costa RMP, Pontual EV, de Andrade AF, Alves LC, Porto ALF, Bezerra RP. Chlorella vulgaris lectin kills Aedes aegypti larvae. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Polenogova OV, Noskov YA, Yaroslavtseva ON, Kryukova NA, Alikina T, Klementeva TN, Andrejeva J, Khodyrev VP, Kabilov MR, Kryukov VY, Glupov VV. Influence of Bacillus thuringiensis and avermectins on gut physiology and microbiota in Colorado potato beetle: Impact of enterobacteria on susceptibility to insecticides. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248704. [PMID: 33760838 PMCID: PMC7990289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut physiology and the bacterial community play crucial roles in insect susceptibility to infections and insecticides. Interactions among Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), its bacterial associates, pathogens and xenobiotics have been insufficiently studied. In this paper, we present our study of the survival, midgut histopathology, activity of digestive enzymes and bacterial communities of L. decemlineata larvae under the influence of Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis (morrissoni) (Bt), a natural complex of avermectins and a combination of both agents. Moreover, we estimated the impact of culturable enterobacteria on the susceptibility of the larvae to Bt and avermectins. An additive effect between Bt and avermectins was established regarding the mortality of the larvae. Both agents led to the destruction of midgut tissues, a decrease in the activity of alpha-amylases and alkaline proteinases, a decrease in the Spiroplasma leptinotarsae relative abundance and a strong elevation of Enterobacteriaceae abundance in the midgut. Moreover, an elevation of the enterobacterial CFU count was observed under the influence of Bt and avermectins, and the greatest enhancement was observed after combined treatment. Insects pretreated with antibiotics were less susceptible to Bt and avermectins, but reintroduction of the predominant enterobacteria Enterobacter ludwigii, Citrobacter freundii and Serratia marcescens increased susceptibility to both agents. We suggest that enterobacteria play an important role in the acceleration of Bt infection and avermectin toxicoses in L. decemlineata and that the additive effect between Bt and avermectin may be mediated by alterations in the bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Polenogova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yury A. Noskov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga N. Yaroslavtseva
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalya A. Kryukova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana Alikina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana N. Klementeva
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Jelizaveta Andrejeva
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Viktor P. Khodyrev
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marsel R. Kabilov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vadim Yu Kryukov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Viktor V. Glupov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Hemmati SA, Takalloo Z, Taghdir M, Mehrabadi M, Balalaei S, Moharramipour S, H Sajedi R. The trypsin inhibitor pro-peptide induces toxic effects in Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 171:104730. [PMID: 33357552 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory potential of an inhibitor peptide based on the pro-region of trypsin zymogen was investigated in Indianmeal moth, P. interpunctella, which is a world-wide insect pest of stored food. Five peptides were designed based on molecular docking simulations. The designed peptide with the best score was selected and synthesized for further screening in vitro and in vivo. The peptide was characterized and its inhibitory effects towards the insect trypsin were evaluated and the kinetic analysis revealed a competitive type of inhibition against the target enzyme. The results showed that the peptide could successfully suppress the pest midgut trypsin, and more interestingly, it did not show considerable inhibitory effects on a mammalian trypsin. We also aimed to assess the effect of dietary insect meal treated with different concentrations of the peptide and observed a significant growth and development retardation in pupa and adult insects fed with the inhibitor peptide. The outcomes of the present study suggest an efficient inhibitor peptide that could specifically bind the P. interpunctella trypsin and inhibit its activity, which would be safe against human being health and environment. Notably, this is the first report on in vivo assessment of the direct effect of a pro-region as the specific inhibitor in development as well as survival of the pest insect. Furthermore, our findings could be a promising for future designed pesticides used in pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Hemmati
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Takalloo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Taghdir
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehrabadi
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaei
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Moharramipour
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza H Sajedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Guo Y, Wang Y, O'Donoghue AJ, Jiang Z, Carballar-Lejarazú R, Liang G, Hu X, Wang R, Xu L, Guan X, Zhang F, Wu S. Engineering of multiple trypsin/chymotrypsin sites in Cry3A to enhance its activity against Monochamus alternatus Hope larvae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3117-3126. [PMID: 32323409 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3 toxins exhibit specific toxicity against several coleopteran larvae. However, owing to its low toxicity to Monochamus alternatus, Cry3A toxin is not useful for managing M. alternatus larvae. Here we assessed the proteolytic activation of Cry3Aa toxin in M. alternatus larval midgut and increased its toxicity by molecular modification. RESULTS Our results indicated that insufficient processing of Cry3Aa protoxin and non-specific enzymatic digestion of Cry3Aa toxin in the midgut of M. alternatus larvae led to low toxicity. The results of transcriptome analysis, enzymatic assay with fluorogenic substrates, and multiplex substrate profiling by mass spectrometry showed that the main digestive enzymes in M. alternatus larval midgut were trypsin-like proteases that preferentially cleaved peptides with arginine and lysine residues. Consequently, trypsin recognition sites were introduced into the Domain I of Cry3Aa protoxin in the loop regions between α-helix 3 and α-helix 4 to facilitate proteolytic activation. Multiple potential trypsin cleavage sites away from the helix sheet and functional regions in Cry3Aa proteins were also mutated to alanine to prevent non-specific enzymatic digestion. Bioassays indicated that a modified Cry3Aa-T toxin (K65A, K70A, K231A, K468A, and K596A) showed a 9.5-fold (LC50 = 12.3 μg/mL) increase in toxicity to M. alternatus larvae when compared to native Cry3Aa toxin. CONCLUSION This study highlights an effective way to increase the toxicity of Cry3Aa toxin to M. alternatus, which may be suitable for managing the resistance of transgenic plants to other pests, including some of the most important pests in agriculture. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Guo
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yafang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhenze Jiang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Guanghong Liang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xia Hu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feiping Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Songqing Wu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Insecticidal Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Proteins Against Coleopteran Pests. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12070430. [PMID: 32610662 PMCID: PMC7404982 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12070430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis is the most successful microbial insecticide agent and its proteins have been studied for many years due to its toxicity against insects mainly belonging to the orders Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera, which are pests of agro-forestry and medical-veterinary interest. However, studies on the interactions between this bacterium and the insect species classified in the order Coleoptera are more limited when compared to other insect orders. To date, 45 Cry proteins, 2 Cyt proteins, 11 Vip proteins, and 2 Sip proteins have been reported with activity against coleopteran species. A number of these proteins have been successfully used in some insecticidal formulations and in the construction of transgenic crops to provide protection against main beetle pests. In this review, we provide an update on the activity of Bt toxins against coleopteran insects, as well as specific information about the structure and mode of action of coleopteran Bt proteins.
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Zhao H, Ullah H, McNeill MR, Du G, Hao K, Tu X, Zhang Z. Inhibitory Effects of Plant Trypsin Inhibitors Msti-94 and Msti-16 on Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Alfalfa. INSECTS 2019; 10:E154. [PMID: 31151291 PMCID: PMC6627745 DOI: 10.3390/insects10060154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis trifolii (Monell)) is a known destructive pest that can significantly reduce alfalfa yields. Two differentially up-regulated alfalfa trypsin inhibitors 'Msti-94' and 'Msti-16' in transcriptome were verified in terms of their mRNA levels using RT-qPCR. The prokaryotic expression vector was constructed and its biological functions, including phenotypic and physiological responses, were verified through feeding spotted alfalfa aphids with active recombinant protein mixed with an artificial diet. Gene clone and gene prokaryotic expression confirmed that Msti-94 had a size of 651 bp, encoded 216 amino acids with a predicted protein weight of 23.5 kDa, and a pI value of 6.91. Similarly, the size of Msti-16 was 612 bp, encoded 203 amino acids, and had a predicted protein weight of 22.2 kDa with a pI value of 9.06. We concluded that both Msti-94 and Msti-16 acted as a stomach poison with survival rates reduced to 21.7% and 18.3%, respectively, as compared to the control, where the survival rate was significantly (p < 0.05) higher (60.0%). Aphid reproduction rates were significantly reduced, after 72 h of feeding, in both the Msti-94 and Msti-16 treatments compared to the controls. A concentration of 800 μg/mL (0.8 mg/mL) of recombinant protein and 5000 μg/mL (5 mg/mL) of recombinant expressing bacteria that inhibits the total protease, which ultimately disrupted the activity of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and aminopeptidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China.
| | - Hidayat Ullah
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Anbar-23561, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | | | - Guilin Du
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing 100125, China.
| | - Kun Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiongbing Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zehua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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12
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Ferreira RS, Brito MV, Napoleão TH, Silva MCC, Paiva PMG, Oliva MLV. Effects of two protease inhibitors from Bauhinia bauhinoides with different specificity towards gut enzymes of Nasutitermes corniger and its survival. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 222:364-370. [PMID: 30710762 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two recombinant protease inhibitors from Bauhinia bauhinioides, rBbKI (kallikrein inhibitor) and rBbCI (cruzipain inhibitor) were evaluated for insecticidal activity against workers and soldiers of Nasutitermes corniger (order: Isoptera; family: Termitidae) through the inhibitors' effect on the insect's gut enzymes. The inhibitor rBbKI was more effective than rBbCI in inhibiting the termite's gut enzymes. The kallikrein inhibitor showed termiticidal activity in workers with an LC50 of 0.9 mg mL-1 after 4 days. Conversely, rBbKI did not affect the survival of soldiers and rBbCI did not show termiticidal activity against N. corniger. The two inhibitors showed different specificity towards the termite's gut enzymes, representing interesting tools to characterize N. corniger enzymes. The different effects of rBbKI and rBbCI on the termite's enzymes and survival may be linked to slight structural differences between these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Ferreira
- Biochemistry Department at the Federal University of São Paulo, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M V Brito
- Biochemistry Department at the Federal University of São Paulo, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - T H Napoleão
- Biochemistry Department at the Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - M C C Silva
- Biochemistry Department at the Federal University of São Paulo, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - P M G Paiva
- Biochemistry Department at the Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - M L V Oliva
- Biochemistry Department at the Federal University of São Paulo, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Insect gut as a bioresource for potential enzymes - an unexploited area for industrial biotechnology. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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14
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Zou C, Wang Y, Zou H, Ding N, Geng N, Cao C, Zhang G. Sanguinarine in Chelidonium majus induced antifeeding and larval lethality by suppressing food intake and digestive enzymes in Lymantria dispar. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 153:9-16. [PMID: 30744901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies had identified that both crude extracts and total alkaloid from Chelidonium majus exerted a significant antifeeding and larval lethality on Lymantria dispar. Moreover, sanguinarine, chelidonine, berberine hydrochloride and coptisine were the main alkaloid in C. majus exerting toxicity to L. dispar. In this paper, we evaluated the insecticidal and antifeeding activities of each alkaloid on the 3rd instar L. dispar larvae by bioassay. Meanwhile, the effects of alkaloids from C. majus on the activities and mRNA levels of three main digestive enzymes in L. dispar larvae were investigated. The results indicated that sanguinarine possessed the strongest insecticidal activity with a LD50 value of 4.963 μg/larva, and the coptisine showed little lethality to 3 rd instar L. dispar larvae among four alkaloids from C. majus. The insecticidal capacity of four alkaloids on 3rd instar L. dispar larvae was in the following decreasing order of sanguinarine > chelidonine > berberine hydrochloride > coptisine. Similarly, except coptisine, the other three alkaloids significantly reduced food intakes of third instar L. dispar larvae and suppressed activities of three digestive enzymes (α-amylase, lipase and total protease) simultaneously. Finally, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the transcriptions of α-amylase, lipase and serine protease were affected by sanguinarine. Especially, at 48 h after treatment, the mRNA expressions of those digestive enzymes were significantly suppressed by sanguinarine. In conclusion, we suggested that alkaloids from C. majus induced antifeeding and larval lethality on L. dispar larvae by suppressing food intake and digestive enzymes in L. dispar. Our findings provide a novel insight into evaluating the antifeeding and insecticidal properties of C. majus, which afford a new strategy for integrated pest management programs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChuanShan Zou
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - YaJun Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Hang Zou
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Nan Ding
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - NanNan Geng
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - ChuanWang Cao
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - GuoCai Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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15
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Shamsi TN, Parveen R, Ahmad A, Samal RR, Kumar S, Fatima S. Inhibition of gut proteases and development of dengue vector, Aedes aegypti by Allium sativum protease inhibitor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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16
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Arnaiz A, Talavera-Mateo L, Gonzalez-Melendi P, Martinez M, Diaz I, Santamaria ME. Arabidopsis Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitors in Defense Against Spider Mites. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:986. [PMID: 30042779 PMCID: PMC6048452 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) is a striking example of polyphagy among herbivores with an extreme record of pesticide resistance and one of the most significant pests in agriculture. The T. urticae genome contains a large number of cysteine- and serine-proteases indicating their importance in the spider mite physiology. This work is focused on the potential role of the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) family on plant defense responses against spider mites. The molecular characterization of two of these genes, AtKTI4 and AtKTI5, combined with feeding bioassays using T-DNA insertion lines for both genes was carried out. Spider mite performance assays showed that independent KTI silencing Arabidopsis lines conferred higher susceptibility to T. urticae than WT plants. Additionally, transient overexpression of these inhibitors in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated their ability to inhibit not only serine- but also cysteine-proteases, indicating the bifunctional inhibitory role against both types of enzymes. These inhibitory properties could be involved in the modulation of the proteases that participate in the hydrolysis of dietary proteins in the spider mite gut, as well as in other proteolytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Arnaiz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Talavera-Mateo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Gonzalez-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. E. Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Naseri B, Borzoui E, Majd S, Mozaffar Mansouri S. Influence of Different Food Commodities on Life History, Feeding Efficiency, and Digestive Enzymatic Activity of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:2263-2268. [PMID: 28962016 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The life history, feeding indices, and digestive enzymatic activity of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) were studied on flours of 10 commodities (artificial diet, barley, cowpea, maize, millet, rice, sorghum, soybean, triticale, and wheat) at 30 ± 1°C, relative humidity 75 ± 5% (12 h photophase). The maximum survival rate of immature stages was on artificial diet (75%), and the minimum rate was on soybean flour (30%). The duration of immature stages was significantly longer on soybean flour (33.3 ± 0.6 days) than on other tested flours of commodities. Record for the highest fecundity of this insect was on artificial diet (418.9 ± 9.1 eggs/female) and the lowest was on soybean flour (121.5 ± 7.0 eggs/female). The results showed that fourth instar of T. castaneum reared on soybean flour had the lowest relative growth rate (RGR; 0.141 ± 0.011 mg/mg/d) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (34.59 ± 0.009%). The amylolytic activity of fourth instar was the highest when larvae were fed on barley flour (8.97 ± 0.25 mU/min/larva) and the lowest when they were fed on wheat flour (1.64 ± 0.23 mU/min/larva). Larvae exhibited a single strong band of amylolytic activity among different flours of commodities; the lowest and highest intensity was for larvae fed on wheat and barley flours, respectively. The zymogram of the general protease activity showed four main bands, which the first band was unique for triticale- and artificial diet-fed larvae. The results of this study indicated that soybean flour was the most unsuitable food for feeding and development of T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Naseri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ehsan Borzoui
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Shadi Majd
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Seyed Mozaffar Mansouri
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
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18
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Liu HW, Li YS, Tang X, Guo PC, Wang DD, Zhou CY, Xia QY, Zhao P. A midgut-specific serine protease, BmSP36, is involved in dietary protein digestion in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 24:753-767. [PMID: 27311916 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Serine proteases play important roles in digestion and immune responses during insect development. In the present study, the serine protease gene BmSP36, which encodes a 292-residue protein, was cloned from the midgut cells of Bombyx mori. BmSP36 contains an intact catalytic triad (H57, D102 and S195) and a conserved substrate-binding site (G189, H216 and G226), suggesting that it is a serine protease with chymotrypsin-like specificity. The temporal and spatial expression patterns of BmSP36 indicated that its messenger RNA and protein expression mainly occurred in the midgut at the feeding stages. Western blotting, immunofluorescence and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses revealed secretion of BmSP36 protein from epithelial cells into the midgut lumen. The transcriptional and translational expression of BmSP36 was down-regulated after starvation but up-regulated after refeeding. Moreover, expression of the BmSP36 gene could be up-regulated by a juvenile hormone analogue. These results enable us to better define the potential role of BmSP36 in dietary protein digestion at the feeding stages during larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - You-Shan Li
- Vitamin D Research Institute, Shaanxi Sci-Tech University, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng-Chao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-You Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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19
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Kannan M, Ramya T, Anbalagan S, Suriya J, Krishnan M. Proteomic analysis of pupal gut serine protease of Silkworm, Bombyx mori : Partial purification and biochemical characterization. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Borzoui E, Naseri B, Nouri-Ganbalani G. Effects of Food Quality on Biology and Physiological Traits of Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:266-273. [PMID: 28011684 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biology and physiological traits of Sitotroga cerealella Olivier, a world-wide insect pest of cereals, were investigated on different grains (barley, maize, rye, sorghum, triticale, and wheat). Larval and pupal duration was the shortest on wheat and triticale, and the longest on sorghum. There were significant differences in survival rate of immature stages on grains with different seed hardness. The highest realized fecundity and egg fertility was observed on triticale and the lowest was seen on sorghum. Larvae fed on triticale and wheat showed higher amount of α-amylase activity than larvae fed on other grains. Maximum Vmax/KM ratio was determined for the midgut α-amylase of S. cerealella larvae fed on wheat. Whole-body protein, lipid, and glycogen contents of pupae reared on sorghum and rye were significantly lower than those reared on other grains. The statistical analysis showed that the clear correlation could be drawn between the biological characteristics and energy contents of S. cerealella on one side and seed hardness, amylolytic activity, and food consumed on the other. According to the findings of this study, the variable responses of S. cerealella to feeding on different host grains could be attributed to the quality of diets tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Borzoui
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - B Naseri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
- Corresponding author
| | - G Nouri-Ganbalani
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
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21
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Akbar SM, Sharma HC. Alkaline serine proteases from Helicoverpa armigera: potential candidates for industrial applications. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 94:e21367. [PMID: 28019702 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We characterized trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like serine alkaline proteases from cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, for their probable potential application as additives in various bio-formulations. Purification was achieved by using hydroxylapatite, DEAE sephadex and CM sephadex columns, which resulted in increased enzyme activity by 13.76- and 14.05-fold for trypsin and chymotrypsin, respectively. Michaelis-Menten constants (Km ) for substrates of trypsin and chymotrypsin, BApNA and SAAPFpNA, were found to be 1.25 and 0.085 mM, correspondingly. Fluorescent zymogram analysis indicated the presence of five trypsin bands with molecular masses of ∼21, 25, 38, 40, and 66 kDa and two chymotrypsin bands with molecular masses of ∼29 and 34 kDa in SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH was 10.0 and optimum temperature was 50°C for proteolytic activity for the purified proteases. The proteases were inhibited by synthetic inhibitors such as PMSF, aprotonin, leupeptin, pefabloc, and antipain. TLCK and TPCK inhibited about 94 and 90% of trypsin and chymotrypsin activity, respectively, while EDTA, EGTA, E64, pepstatin, idoacetamide, and bestatin did not affect the enzymes. The purified enzymes exhibited high stability and compatibility with metal ions; oxidizing, reducing, and bleaching agents; organic solvents; and commercial detergents. Short life cycles, voracious feeding behavior, and production of multiple forms of proteases in the midgut with rapid catalytic activity and chemostability can serve H. armigera as an excellent alternative source of industrially important proteases for use as additives in stain removers, detergents, and other bio-formulations. Identification of enzymes with essential industrial properties from insect species could be a bioresource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Mohammad Akbar
- Entomology Unit, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Hari Chand Sharma
- Entomology Unit, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
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22
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Subala SP, Shivakumar MS. Circadian variation affects the biology and digestive profiles of a nocturnal insectSpodoptera litura(Insecta: Lepidoptera). BIOL RHYTHM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1251928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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The expression analysis of cysteine proteinase-like protein in wild-type and nm2 mutant silkworm (Lepidoptera: Bombyx mori). Gene 2016; 586:170-5. [PMID: 27080953 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mutant of non-molting in the 2nd instar (nm2) is a recently discovered mutant of Bombyx mori. The mutant cannot molt and exuviate and died successively in premolting of 2nd instar. In this study, two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was performed to screen the differential expression of epidermis proteins in pre-molting larvae of 2nd instar between the wild-type and nm2 mutant. Interestingly, a cysteine proteinase-like (BmCP-like) protein in nm2 was significantly higher than that of the wild-type. The transcription profiles of BmCP-like gene were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the result revealed that BmCP-like mRNA was remarkably higher in nm2 than that of the wild-type. The transcription level of BmCP-like was high in the epidermis while low in the midgut and hemocytes, and fluctuate with development, while the highest in the newly molted larvae of 3rd and lowest in the pre-molting of the 1st and 2nd instar. The body of injected BmCP-like RNAi of 2nd larvae formed a dark spots around the injection place. These results suggested the BmCP-like gene play a key role in the degradation of the cuticle and epidermis layer during molting of 1st and 2nd instar silkworm. Furthermore, the ORF of BmCP-like gene in nm2 was the same to the wild-type. These studies give us a hint that BmCP-like gene maybe not the major gene responsible for nm2, but BmCP-like gene might participate in the immune systems of silkworm, and the upregulation of BmCP-like transcription in the nm2 mutant might be induced by the disadvantages that limit the growth and development of silkworm in order to survive.
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24
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Hu X, Zhu M, Wang S, Zhu L, Xue R, Cao G, Gong C. Proteomics analysis of digestive juice from silkworm during Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. Proteomics 2015; 15:2691-700. [PMID: 25914115 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have analyzed the midgut transcriptome and proteome after challenge with Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), however little information is available on the digestive juice proteome after BmNPV challenge. This study investigated BmNPV infection-induced protein changes in the digestive juice of silkworms using shotgun proteomics and MS sequencing. From the digestive juice of normal third-day, fifth-instar silkworm larvae, 75 proteins were identified, 44 of which were unknown; from larvae 6 h after inoculation with BmNPV, 106 proteins were identified, of which 39 were unknown. After BmNPV challenge, more secreted proteins appeared that had antiviral and digestive features. GO annotation analysis clustered most proteins in the lumen into catalytic, binding, and metabolic processes. Numerous proteins were reported to have BmNPV interactions. Hsp70 protein cognate, lipase-1, and chlorophyllide A-binding protein precursor were upregulated significantly after BmNPV challenge. Levels of trypsin-like serine protease, beta-1,3-glucanase, catalase, and serine protease transcripts decreased or were not significantly change after BmNPV challenge. Taken together, these findings provided insights into the interaction between host and BmNPV and revealed potential functions of digestive juice after per os BmNPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Simei Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Zhu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Renyu Xue
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guangli Cao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
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Lin T, Klinkhamer PGL, Vrieling K. Parallel evolution in an invasive plant: effect of herbivores on competitive ability and regrowth of Jacobaea vulgaris. Ecol Lett 2015; 18:668-76. [PMID: 25958781 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A shift in the composition of the herbivore guild in the invasive range is expected to select for plants with a higher competitive ability, a lower regrowth capacity and a lower investment in defence. We show here that parallel evolution took place in three geographically distinct invasive regions that differed significantly in climatic conditions. This makes it most likely that indeed the shifts in herbivore guilds were causal to the evolutionary changes. We studied competitive ability and regrowth of invasive and native Jacobaea vulgaris using an intraspecific competition set-up with and without herbivory. Without herbivores invasive genotypes have a higher competitive ability than native genotypes. The invasive genotypes were less preferred by the generalist Mamestra brassicae but more preferred by the specialist Tyria jacobaeae, consequently their competitive ability was significantly increased by the first and reduced by the latter. Invasive genotypes showed a lower regrowth ability in both herbivore treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Lin
- Institute of Biology, Section Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G L Klinkhamer
- Institute of Biology, Section Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Vrieling
- Institute of Biology, Section Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abd El-latif AO. Biopotency of serine protease inhibitors from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds on digestive proteases and the development of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 89:1-17. [PMID: 25524889 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors (PIs) have been described in many plant species and are universal throughout the plant kingdom, where trypsin inhibitors is the most common type. In the present study, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory activity was detected in the seed flour extracts of 13 selected cultivars/accessions of cowpea. Two cowpea cultivars, Cream7 and Buff, were found to have higher trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory potential compared to other tested cultivars for which they have been selected for further purification studies using ammonium sulfate fractionation and DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column. Cream7-purified proteins showed two bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) corresponding to molecular mass of 17.10 and 14.90 kDa, while the purified protein from Buff cultivar showed a single band corresponding mass of 16.50 kDa. The purified inhibitors were stable at temperature below 60°C and were active at wide range of pH from 2 to 12. The kinetic analysis revealed noncompetitive type of inhibition for both inhibitors against both enzymes. The inhibitor constant (Ki ) values suggested high affinity between inhibitors and enzymes. Purified inhibitors were found to have deep and negative effects on the mean larval weight, larval mortality, pupation, and mean pupal weight of Spodoptera littoralis, where Buff PI was more effective than Cream7 PI. It may be concluded that cowpea PI gene(s) could be potential insect control protein for future studies in developing insect-resistant transgenic plants.
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Sellami S, Cherif M, Abdelkefi-Mesrati L, Tounsi S, Jamoussi K. Toxicity, activation process, and histopathological effect of Bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein Vip3Aa16 on Tuta absoluta. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:1992-9. [PMID: 25432339 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tuta absoluta is a destructive moth of Solanaceae plants and especially tomatoes. Here, we considered the entomopathogenic activity of the Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa16 protein heterologously produced by Escherichia coli against T. absoluta. Purified Vip3Aa16 showed lower lethal concentration 50 % against third instar larvae (Toxin/tomato leaf) (335 ± 17 ng/cm(2)) compared to that of B. thuringiensis kurstaki HD1 δ-endotoxins (955 ± 4 ng/cm(2)) (P < 0.05). Action mode examination showed that Vip3Aa16 (88 kDa) was more sensitive to proteolysis activation by the chymotrypsin than the trypsin or the larvae gut soluble proteases, yielding derivative proteins essentially of about 62 and 33 kDa. The gut-soluble proteases could contain trypsin-like enzymes implicated in Vip3Aa16 activation since the proteolysis was inhibited using specific protease inhibitors. Additionally, we showed that the histopathological effect of Vip3Aa16 on T. absoluta larva midguts consisted on a microvillus damage and an epithelial cell rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Sellami
- Biopesticides Team (LPAP), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
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Pandey PK, Jamal F. Bio-potency of a 21 kDa Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor from Tamarindus indica seeds on the developmental physiology of H. armigera. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 116:94-102. [PMID: 25454525 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A trypsin inhibitor purified from the seeds of Tamarindus indica by Sephadex G-75, DEAE-Sepharose and Trypsin-Sepharose CL-4B columns was studied for its antifeedant, larvicidal, pupicidal and growth inhibitory activities against Helicoverpa armigera larvae. Tamarindus trypsin inhibitor (TTI) exhibited inhibitory activity towards total gut proteolytic enzymes of H. armigera (~87%) and bovine trypsin (~84%). Lethal doses which caused mortality and weight reduction by 50% were 1% w/w and 0.50% w/w, respectively. IC50 of TTI against Helicoverpa midgut proteases and bovine trypsin were ~2.10 µg/ml and 1.68 µg/ml respectively. In larval feeding studies the 21 kDa Kunitz-type protein was found to retard growth and development, prolonged the larval-pupal development durations along with adversely affecting the fertility and fecundity of H. armigera. In artificial diet at 0.5% w/w TTI, the efficiency of conversion of ingested food as well as of digested food, relative growth rate, growth index declined whereas approximate digestibility, metabolic cost, relative consumption rate, consumption index and total developmental period enhanced for H. armigera larvae. These results suggest that TTI has toxic and adverse effect on the developmental physiology of H. armigera and could be useful in controlling the pest H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhash K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry [DST-FIST UGC-SAP Supported], Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh 224001, India
| | - Farrukh Jamal
- Department of Biochemistry [DST-FIST UGC-SAP Supported], Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh 224001, India.
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Swathi M, Lokya V, Swaroop V, Mallikarjuna N, Kannan M, Dutta-Gupta A, Padmasree K. Structural and functional characterization of proteinase inhibitors from seeds of Cajanus cajan (cv. ICP 7118). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 83:77-87. [PMID: 25093261 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Proteinase inhibitors (C11PI) from mature dry seeds of Cajanus cajan (cv. ICP 7118) were purified by chromatography which resulted in 87-fold purification and 7.9% yield. SDS-PAGE, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrum and two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis together resolved that C11PI possessed molecular mass of 8385.682 Da and existed as isoinhibitors. However, several of these isoinhibitors exhibited self association tendency to form small oligomers. All the isoinhibitors resolved in Native-PAGE and 2-D gel electrophoresis showed inhibitory activity against bovine pancreatic trypsin and chymotrypsin as well as Achaea janata midgut trypsin-like proteases (AjPs), a devastating pest of castor plant. Partial sequences of isoinhibitor (pI 6.0) obtained from MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis and N-terminal sequencing showed 100% homology to Bowman-Birk Inhibitors (BBIs) of leguminous plants. C11PI showed non-competitive inhibition against trypsin and chymotrypsin. A marginal loss (<15%) in C11PI activity against trypsin at 80 (°)C and basic pH (12.0) was associated with concurrent changes in its far-UV CD spectra. Further, in vitro assays demonstrated that C11PI possessed significant inhibitory potential (IC50 of 78 ng) against AjPs. On the other hand, in vivo leaf coating assays demonstrated that C11PI caused significant mortality rate with concomitant reduction in body weight of both larvae and pupae, prolonged the duration of transition from larva to pupa along with formation of abnormal larval-pupal and pupal-adult intermediates. Being smaller peptides, it is possible to express C11PI in castor to protect them against its devastating pest A. janata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marri Swathi
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Vadthya Lokya
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Vanka Swaroop
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Nalini Mallikarjuna
- Legumes Cell Biology, Grain Legumes Program, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad 502324, India
| | - Monica Kannan
- Proteomics Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Aparna Dutta-Gupta
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Kollipara Padmasree
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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Expression and purification of the trypsin inhibitor from tartary buckwheat in Pichia pastoris and its novel toxic effect on Mamestra brassicae larvae. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:209-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Jamal F, Singh D, Pandey PK. Negative effects of a nonhost proteinase inhibitor of ~19.8 kDa from Madhuca indica seeds on developmental physiology of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:202398. [PMID: 25298962 PMCID: PMC4179944 DOI: 10.1155/2014/202398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An affinity purified trypsin inhibitor from the seed flour extracts of Madhuca indica (MiTI) on denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that MiTI consisted of a single polypeptide chain with molecular mass of ~19.8 kDa. MiTI inhibited the total proteolytic and trypsin-like activities of the midgut proteinases of Helicoverpa armigera larvae by 87.51% and 76.12%, respectively, at concentration of 5 µg/mL with an IC50 of 1.75 µg/mL against trypsin like midgut proteinases. The enzyme kinetic studies demonstrated that MiTI is a competitive inhibitor with a K i value of 4.1 × 10(-10) M for Helicoverpa trypsin like midgut proteinases. In vivo experiments with different concentrations of MiTI in artificial diet (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% w/w) showed an effective downfall in the larval body weight and an increase in larval mortality. The concentration of MiTI in the artificial diet to cause 50% mortality (LD50) of larvae was 1.5% w/w and that to cause reduction in mass of larvae by 50% (ED50) was 1.0% w/w. Nutritional indices observations suggest the toxic and adverse effects of MiTI on the growth and development of H. armigera larvae. The results suggest a strong bioinsecticidal potential of affinity purified MiTI which can be exploited in insect pest management of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Jamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad 224001, India
| | - Dushyant Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad 224001, India
| | - Prabhash K. Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad 224001, India
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Yang S, Pyati P, Fitches E, Gatehouse JA. A recombinant fusion protein containing a spider toxin specific for the insect voltage-gated sodium ion channel shows oral toxicity towards insects of different orders. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 47:1-11. [PMID: 24486516 PMCID: PMC4024200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant fusion protein technology allows specific insecticidal protein and peptide toxins to display activity in orally-delivered biopesticides. The spider venom peptide δ-amaurobitoxin-PI1a, which targets insect voltage-gated sodium channels, was fused to the "carrier" snowdrop lectin (GNA) to confer oral toxicity. The toxin itself (PI1a) and an amaurobitoxin/GNA fusion protein (PI1a/GNA) were produced using the yeast Pichia pastoris as expression host. Although both proteins caused mortality when injected into cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae) larvae, the PI1a/GNA fusion was approximately 6 times as effective as recombinant PI1a on a molar basis. PI1a alone was not orally active against cabbage moth larvae, but a single 30 μg dose of the PI1a/GNA fusion protein caused 100% larval mortality within 6 days when fed to 3rd instar larvae, and caused significant reductions in survival, growth and feeding in 4th - 6th instar larvae. Transport of fusion protein from gut contents to the haemolymph of cabbage moth larvae, and binding to the nerve chord, was shown by Western blotting. The PI1a/GNA fusion protein also caused mortality when delivered orally to dipteran (Musca domestica; housefly) and hemipteran (Acyrthosiphon pisum; pea aphid) insects, making it a promising candidate for development as a biopesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Prashant Pyati
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Elaine Fitches
- Fera (Food and Environment Research Agency), Sand Hutton, York, UK
| | - John A Gatehouse
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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Talaei-Hassanloui R, Bakhshaei R, Hosseininaveh V, Khorramnezhad A. Effect of midgut proteolytic activity on susceptibility of lepidopteran larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki. Front Physiol 2014; 4:406. [PMID: 24474937 PMCID: PMC3893595 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is the most effective microbial control agent for controlling numerous species from different insect orders. All subspecies and strains of B. thuringiensis can produce a spore and a crystalline parasporal body. This crystal which contains proteinaceous protoxins is dissolved in the alkaline midgut, the resulting molecule is then cleaved and activated by proteolytic enzymes and acts as a toxin. An interesting aspect of this activation process is that variations in midgut pH and protease activity have been shown to account for the spectrum of some Bt proteins activity. Thus, an important factor that could be a determinant of toxin activity is the presence of proteases in the midgut microenvironment of susceptible insects. Reciprocally, any alteration in the midgut protease composition of the host can result in resistance to Bt. Here in this paper, we reviewed this processes in general and presented our assays to reveal whether resistance mechanism to Bt in Diamondback Moth (DbM) larvae could be due to the function of the midgut proteases? We estimated LC50 for both probable susceptible and resistant populations in laboratory and greenhouse tests. Then, the midgut protease activities of the B. thuringiensis induced-resistant and susceptible populations of the DbM were assayed on Hemoglubin and on N-alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BapNA) for total and tryptic activities, respectively. Six hours after feeding on Bt treated and untreated canola leaves, the midguts of instar larvae of both populations were isolated. Following related protocols, peptides released through the activity of proteinases on Hemoglubin and BApNA were recorded using microplate reader. Control (Blank) was also considered with adding TCA to reaction mix before adding enzymatic extract. Data analysis indicated that there are significant differences for tryptic activity on BApNA and also for total proteolytic activity on Hemoglubin between susceptible and resistant populations fed on Bt treated leaves. But these differences were not significant for larvae fed on healthy canola leaves between these two populations. These results which supported the role of DbM's proteolytic system in development of resistance to Bt, will be discussed in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Talaei-Hassanloui
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran Karaj, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Bakhshaei
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran Karaj, Iran
| | - Vahid Hosseininaveh
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran Karaj, Iran
| | - Ayda Khorramnezhad
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran Karaj, Iran
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Ranjbar M, Zibaee A, Sendi JJ. A trypsin-like proteinase in the midgut of Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): purification, characterization, and host plant inhibitors. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 85:1-12. [PMID: 24338707 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A trypsin-like proteinase was purified and characterized in the midgut of Ectomyelois ceratoniae. A purification process that used Sepharyl G-100 and DEAE-cellulose fast flow chromatographies revealed a proteinase with specific activity of 66.7 μmol/min/mg protein, recovery of 27.04 and purification fold of 23.35. Molecular weight of the purified protein was found to be 35.8 kDa. Optimal pH and temperature were obtained 9 and 20°C for the purified trypsin proteinase, respectively. The purified enzyme was significantly inhibited by PMSF, TLCK, and SBTI as specific inhibitors of trypsins in which TLCK showed the highest inhibitory effect. Trypsin proteinase inhibitors were extracted from four varieties of pomegranate including Brait, Torsh-Sabz, May-Khosh, and Shirin by ion exchange chromatography. It was found that fractions 17-20 of Brait; fractions 18 and 21-26 of Torsh-Sabz; fractions 1-7, 11-17, and 19-21 of May-Khosh and fraction 8 for Shirin showed presence of trypsin inhibitor in these host. Comparison of their inhibitory effects on the purified trypsin proteinase of E. ceratoniae demonstrated that fractions from May-khosh variety had the highest effect on the enzyme among other extracted fractions. Characterization of serine proteinases of insects mainly trypsins is one of the promising methods to decrease population and damages via extracting their inhibitors and providing resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ranjbar
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Shi M, Zhu N, Yi Y, Chen XX. Four serine protease cDNAs from the midgut of Plutella xylostella and their proteinase activity are influenced by the endoparasitoid, cotesia vestalis. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 83:101-114. [PMID: 23606528 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Serine proteinases, which include trypsins and chymotrypsins, play numerous roles in lepidopteran larvae, such as digestion, zymogen activation, and immune defense. Studies of lepidopteran serine proteinases could increase understanding of their feeding preference (polyphagous and monophagous) and facilitate identification of protease inhibitors, which can be engineered for pest management. In this paper, four full-length cDNAs encoding one chymotrypsin and three trypsins were cloned from larval midguts of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed all four serine protease genes were downregulated after P. xylostella was parasitized by the parasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis. Trypsin and chymotrypsin enzymatic activities within the midgut of nonparasitized and C. vestalis-parasitized P. xylostella larvae were examined using N-a-benzoyl-arg p-nitroanilide and N-succinyl-ala-ala-pro-phe p-nitroanilide as substrates. Trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were decreased in parasitized larvae as compared to untreated larvae, with the effect being more pronounced over time. Chymotrypsin activity in particular exhibited a significant decrease in activity. The correlation of decreased enzymatic activity and transcript abundance suggests parasitization induced downregulation of serine proteinase gene transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Brabcová J, Kindl J, Valterová I, Pichová I, Zarevúcka M, Brabcová J, Jágr M, Mikšík I. Serine protease from midgut of Bombus terrestris males. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 82:117-128. [PMID: 23303700 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A serine protease was isolated from midguts of the bumblebee male Bombus terrestris by a combination of precipitation procedures with column chromatography. The purified enzyme exhibited two bands with molecular masses of 25 and 26 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These bands showed a proteolytic activity in zymography assay. Midgut enzymes showed optimum proteolytic activity at pH 9 and 35°C using N-succinyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-phenyl-alanine 4-nitroanilide as a substrate. The Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum reaction rate (Vmax) were 0.55±0.042 mM and 0.714±0.056 μmol p-nitroalanine produced min(-1) mg protein(-1) , respectively. Inhibition was affected by trypsin inhibitor, but not by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone, which indicated the trypsin-like but not chymotrypsin-like specificity. The identity of the serine protease was confirmed by nanoliquid-tandem mass spectrometry. Eleven unique peptides of the B. terrestris serine protease were found. It shows high homology to a previously reported B. ignitus serine protease covering more than 65% of the protein amino acid sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Brabcová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Mahdavi A, Ghadamyari M, Sajedi RH, Sharifi M, Kouchaki B. Identification and partial characterization of midgut proteases in the lesser mulberry pyralid, Glyphodes pyloalis. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2013; 13:81. [PMID: 24228902 PMCID: PMC3835052 DOI: 10.1673/031.013.8101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Proteolytic activities in digestive system extracts from the larval midgut of the lesser mulberry pyralid, Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), were analyzed using different specific peptide substrates and proteinase inhibitors. High proteolytic activities were found at pH 10.0 and a temperature of 50° C using azocasein as substrate. The trypsin was active in the pH range of 9.5- 12.0, with its maximum activity at pH 11.5. Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid had the most inhibitory effect, and 44% inhibition was detected in the presence of this inhibitor. Phenyl methane sulfonyl floride and N-tosyl-L-phe chloromethyl ketone also showed considerable inhibition of larval azocaseinolytic activity, with 40.2 and 35.1% inhibition respectively. These data suggest that the midgut of larvae contains mainly metalloproteases and serine proteases, mainly chymotrypsin. The effect of several metal ions on the activity of proteases showed that NaCl, CaCl2, CoCl2 (5 and 10 mM), and MnCl2 (5mM) reduced the protease activity. The kinetic parameters of trypsin-like proteases using N-benzoyl-L-arg-p-nitroanilide as substrate indicated that the Km and Vmax values of trypsin in the alimentary canal were 50.5 ± 2.0 µM and 116.06 ± 1.96 nmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein, respectively. Inhibition assays showed only small amounts of cysteine proteases were present in the G. pyloalis digestive system. The midgut digestive protease system of G. pyloalis is as diverse as that of any of the other polyphagous lepidopteran insect species, and the midgut of larvae contains mainly metalloproteases. Moreover, serine proteases and chymotrypsin also play main roles in protein digestion. Characterization of the proteolytic properties of the digestive enzymes of G. pyloalis offers an opportunity for developing appropriate and effective pest management strategies via metalloproteases and chymotrypsin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyeh Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghadamyari
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Reza H. Sajedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahbobeh Sharifi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Behrooz Kouchaki
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Purification and biochemical properties of a Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor from Entada acaciifolia (Benth.) seeds. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zibaee A. Digestive enzymes of large cabbage white butterfly,Pieris brassicaeL. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) from developmental and site of activity perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/11250003.2011.607190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Zibaee A, Bandani AR, Fazeli-Dinan M, Zibaee I, Sendi JJ, Maleki FA. A trypsin-like protease in rice green semi-looper, Naranga aenescens Moore (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): purification and characterization. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 78:1-16. [PMID: 21678486 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The rice green semi looper, Naranga aenescens Moore (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) causes severe damage to rice fields in Eastern Asia and Middle East. We demonstrate that two types of serine proteases are active in the midgut of the third instar larvae of N. aenescens, but trypsin-like proteases are considerably more active than chymotrypsin-like proteases. To develop better control strategies, purification and biochemical characterization of a major trypsin-like digestive protease from the midgut of the third instar larvae of N. aenescens was achieved by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. After the final purification step, the enzyme was purified 9.62-fold with a recovery of 16.1% and a specific activity of 4.12 U/mg protein and a molecular mass of approximately 88.5 kDa. Biochemical characterization indicated that the purified protease had highest activity at pH 10 and 30°C and was stable for up to 6 h under those conditions. Divalent cations, especially Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cu2+, increased the enzyme activity and synthetic inhibitors that target trypsin-like activity caused a significant reduction in caseinolytic activity. These data may be used to develop inhibitors that decrease the damage of N. aenescens to rice cultivars in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Zibaee
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
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Napoleão TH, Pontual EV, de Albuquerque Lima T, de Lima Santos ND, Sá RA, Coelho LCBB, do Amaral Ferraz Navarro DM, Paiva PMG. Effect of Myracrodruon urundeuva leaf lectin on survival and digestive enzymes of Aedes aegypti larvae. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:609-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Hu X, Chen L, Xiang X, Yang R, Yu S, Wu X. Proteomic analysis of peritrophic membrane (PM) from the midgut of fifth-instar larvae, Bombyx mori. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:3427-34. [PMID: 21725639 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The insect peritrophic membrane (PM), separating midgut epithelium and intestinal contents, is protective lining for the epithelium and plays the important role in absorption of nutrients, and also is the first barrier to the pathogens ingested through oral feeding. In order to understand the biological function of silkworm larval PM, shotgun liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach was applied to investigate its protein composition. Total 47 proteins were identified, of which 51.1% of the proteins had the isoelectric point (pI) within the range of 5-7, and 53.2% had molecular weights within the range 15-45 kDa. Most of them were found to be closely related to larval nutrients metabolism and innate immunity. Furthermore, these identified proteins were annotated according to Gene Ontology Annotation in terms of molecular function, biological process and cell localization. Most of the proteins had catalytic activity, binding activity and transport function. The knowledge obtained from this study will favour us to well understand the role of larval PM in larval physiological activities, and also help us to find the potential target and design better biopesticides to control pest, particularly the Lepidoptera insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Hu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
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Zhan Q, Zheng S, Feng Q, Liu L. A midgut-specific chymotrypsin cDNA (Slctlp1) from Spodoptera litura: cloning, characterization, localization and expression analysis. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 76:130-143. [PMID: 21322004 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Serine proteases play important roles in food digestion and immune response during insect development. A full-length cDNA (Slctlp1) encoding a chymotrypsin-like serine protease was cloned from Spodoptera litura and characterized for its cDNA structure, developmental and induced expression and localization. The deduced protein of the Slctlp1 cDNA contains a catalytic triad and a substrate specificity pocket found in most of the serine proteases. Both the transcripts and protein of Slctlp1 were predominately expressed in the midgut at the feeding stages during the larval development. Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that the SLCTLP1 protein was predominately present in the midgut of the 6th instar feeding larvae. Starvation suppressed the expression of Slctlp1 gene and protein in 6th instar larvae and the protein expression was increased again by re-feeding the insect. The results suggest that the cloned Slctlp1 cDNA may be involved in food protein digestion at the feeding stages during larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglei Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Macedo MLR, Freire MDGM, Franco OL, Migliolo L, de Oliveira CFR. Practical and theoretical characterization of Inga laurina Kunitz inhibitor on the control of Homalinotus coriaceus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 158:164-72. [PMID: 21094272 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Digestive endoprotease activities of the coconut palm weevil, Homalinotus coriaceus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), were characterized based on the ability of gut extracts to hydrolyze specific synthetic substrates, optimal pH, and hydrolysis sensitivity to protease inhibitors. Trypsin-like proteinases were major enzymes for H. coriaceus, with minor activity by chymotrypsin proteinases. More importantly, gut proteinases of H. coriaceus were inhibited by trypsin inhibitor from Inga laurina seeds. In addition, a serine proteinase inhibitor from I. laurina seeds demonstrated significant reduction of growth of H. coriaceus larvae after feeding on inhibitor incorporated artificial diets. Dietary utilization experiments show that 0.05% I. laurina trypsin inhibitor, incorporated into an artificial diet, decreases the consumption rate and fecal production of H. coriaceus larvae. Dietary utilization experiments show that 0.05% I. laurina trypsin inhibitor, incorporated into an artificial diet, decreases the consumption rate and fecal production of H. coriaceus larvae. We have constructed a three-dimensional model of the trypsin inhibitor complexed with trypsin. The model was built based on its comparative homology with soybean trypsin inhibitor. Trypsin inhibitor of I. laurina shows structural features characteristic of the Kunitz type trypsin inhibitor. In summary, these findings contribute to the development of biotechnological tools such as transgenic plants with enhanced resistance to insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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Zhang C, Zhou D, Zheng S, Liu L, Tao S, Yang L, Hu S, Feng Q. A chymotrypsin-like serine protease cDNA involved in food protein digestion in the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura: Cloning, characterization, developmental and induced expression patterns, and localization. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 56:788-799. [PMID: 20149796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A full-length cDNA (Slctlp2) encoding a chymotrypsin-like serine protease was cloned from Spodoptera litura. This cDNA encoded a putative serine protease with a predicted molecular mass of 30.6kDa, which contained a serine protease catalytic motif GDSGGPL. Temporal and spatial expression of Slctlp2 mRNA and protein detected by Northern blotting, RT-PCR, qPCR and Western blotting analyses revealed that both Slctlp2 mRNA and protein were mainly present in the foregut and midgut of the 5th and 6th instar larvae during the feeding stages. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry confirmed that both Slctlp2 mRNA and protein were predominately present in the midgut. Expression of the gene was not induced by bacterial infection. Juvenile hormone III induced the gene expression, while 20-hydroxyecdysone had no impact on the expression. The expression of Slctlp2 mRNA and protein was down-regulated by starvation but up-regulated by re-feeding. The SlCTLP2 protein was detected in the lumen residues of the anterior, middle and posterior midgut and feces of the feeding 6th instar larvae, suggesting that it was secreted from the epithelium into the lumen of the gut. The results suggest that this Slctlp2 gene may be involved in digestive process of food proteins during the feeding stages of the larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Scott IM, Thaler JS, Scott JG. Response of a Generalist Herbivore Trichoplusia ni to Jasmonate-Mediated Induced Defense in Tomato. J Chem Ecol 2010; 36:490-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-010-9780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schmidt NR, Haywood JM, Bonning BC. Toward the physiological basis for increased Agrotis ipsilon multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection following feeding of Agrotis ipsilon larvae on transgenic corn expressing Cry1Fa2. J Invertebr Pathol 2009; 102:141-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2009.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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