1
|
Andres-Martin F, James C, Catalfamo M. IL-27 expression regulation and its effects on adaptive immunity against viruses. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395921. [PMID: 38966644 PMCID: PMC11222398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-27, a member of the IL-6/IL-12 cytokine superfamily, is primarily secreted by antigen presenting cells, specifically by dendric cells, macrophages and B cells. IL-27 has antiviral activities and modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses against viruses. The role of IL-27 in the setting of viral infections is not well defined and both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions have been described. Here, we discuss the latest advancements in the role of IL-27 in several viral infection models of human disease. We highlight important aspects of IL-27 expression regulation, the critical cell sources at different stages of the infection and their impact in cell mediated immunity. Lastly, we discuss the need to better define the antiviral and modulatory (pro-inflammatory vs anti-inflammatory) properties of IL-27 in the context of human chronic viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Catalfamo
- Department of Microbiology Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Daniele SG, Eldirany SA, Damiani G, Ho M, Bunick CG. Structural Basis for p19 Targeting by Anti-IL-23 Biologics: Correlations with Short- and Long-Term Efficacy in Psoriasis. JID INNOVATIONS 2024; 4:100261. [PMID: 38445231 PMCID: PMC10914523 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2024.100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-23 is central to psoriasis pathogenesis. Biologics targeting IL-23 are important therapies against psoriasis. IL-23 inhibitors risankizumab, tildrakizumab, and guselkumab bind the IL-23 p19 subunit, whereas ustekinumab binds p40; however, the structural composition of the IL-23-binding epitopes and how these molecular properties relate to clinical efficacy are not known. Utilizing epitope data derived from hydrogen-deuterium exchange or crystallographic experiments, we mapped inhibitor epitope locations, hydrophobicity, and surface charge onto the IL-23 surface. Molecular properties of each inhibitor epitope, including solvent-accessible surface area, were correlated to binding affinity, kinetic values, and clinical efficacy scores for plaque psoriasis through linear regression analysis. Each IL-23 inhibitor binds an epitope with a unique size, composition, and location except for a 10-residue overlap region outside of the IL-23 receptor epitope. We observed strong correlations between epitope surface area and KD and koff but not kon. Epitope surface area, KD, and koff were further associated with short-term (10-16 weeks) and long-term (44-60 weeks) clinical efficacy according to PASI-90 responses, with risankizumab demonstrating highest efficacy among IL-23 biologics. In contrast, kon, epitope hydrophobicity, polarity, and charge content did not correlate with efficacy. These data exemplify how molecular principles of medications within a therapeutic class can explain their differential clinical responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherif A. Eldirany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Giovanni Damiani
- Italian Center of Precision Medicine and Chronic Inflammation, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Graduate Program (PhD) in Pharmacological Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Minh Ho
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Program in Translational Biomedicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher G. Bunick
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Program in Translational Biomedicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Daniele SG, Eldirany SA, Ho M, Bunick CG. Structural basis for differential p19 targeting by IL-23 biologics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.09.531913. [PMID: 36945513 PMCID: PMC10029002 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.09.531913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Background IL-23 is central to the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and is structurally comprised of p19 and p40 subunits. "Targeted" IL-23 inhibitors risankizumab, tildrakizumab, and guselkumab differ mechanistically from ustekinumab because they bind p19, whereas ustekinumab binds p40; however, a knowledge gap exists regarding the structural composition of their epitopes and how these molecular properties relate to their clinical efficacy. Objectives To characterize and differentiate the structural epitopes of the IL-23 inhibitors risankizumab, guselkumab, tildrakinumab, and ustekinumab, and correlate their molecular characteristics with clinical response in plaque psoriasis therapy. Methods We utilized epitope data derived from hydrogen-deuterium exchange studies for risankizumab, tildrakizumab, and guselkumab, and crystallographic data for ustekinumab to map drug epitope locations, hydrophobicity, and surface charge onto the IL-23 molecular surface (Protein Data Bank ID Code 3D87) using UCSF Chimera. PDBePISA was used to calculate solvent accessible surface area (SASA). Epitope composition was determined by classifying residues as acidic, basic, polar, or hydrophobic and calculating their contribution to epitope SASA. Linear regression and analysis of variance was performed. Results All the p19-specific inhibitor epitopes differ in location and size, with risankizumab and guselkumab having large epitope surface areas (SA), and tildrakizumab and ustekinumab having smaller SA. The tildrakizumab epitope was mostly hydrophobic (56%), while guselkumab, risankizumab, and ustekinumab epitopes displayed >50% non-hydrophobic residues. Risankizumab and ustekinumab exhibited acidic surface charges, while tildrakizumab and guselkumab were net neutral. Each inhibitor binds an epitope with a unique size and composition, and with mostly distinct locations except for a 10-residue overlap region that lies outside of the IL-23 receptor epitope. We observed a strong correlation between epitope SA and PASI-90 rates (R2 = 0.9969, p = 0.0016), as well as between epitope SA and KD (R2 = 0.9772, p = 0.0115). In contrast, we found that total epitope hydrophobicity, polarity, and charge content do not correlate with clinical efficacy. Conclusions Structural analysis of IL-23 inhibitor epitopes reveals strong association between epitope SA and early drug efficacy in plaque psoriasis therapy, exemplifying how molecular data can explain clinical observations, inform future innovation, and help clinicians in specific drug selection for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano G. Daniele
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MD/PhD), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Sherif A. Eldirany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Minh Ho
- Department of Dermatology and Program in Translational Biomedicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christopher G. Bunick
- Department of Dermatology and Program in Translational Biomedicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Składanowska K, Bloch Y, Strand J, White KF, Hua J, Aldridge D, Welin M, Logan DT, Soete A, Merceron R, Murphy C, Provost M, Bazan JF, Hunter CA, Hill JA, Savvides SN. Structural basis of activation and antagonism of receptor signaling mediated by interleukin-27. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111490. [PMID: 36261006 PMCID: PMC9597551 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL-27) uniquely assembles p28 and EBI3 subunits to a heterodimeric cytokine that signals via IL-27Rα and gp130. To provide the structural framework for receptor activation by IL-27 and its emerging therapeutic targeting, we report here crystal structures of mouse IL-27 in complex with IL-27Rα and of human IL-27 in complex with SRF388, a monoclonal antibody undergoing clinical trials with oncology indications. One face of the helical p28 subunit interacts with EBI3, while the opposite face nestles into the interdomain elbow of IL-27Rα to juxtapose IL-27Rα to EBI3. This orients IL-27Rα for paired signaling with gp130, which only uses its immunoglobulin domain to bind to IL-27. Such a signaling complex is distinct from those mediated by IL-12 and IL-23. The SRF388 binding epitope on IL-27 overlaps with the IL-27Rα interaction site explaining its potent antagonistic properties. Collectively, our findings will facilitate the mechanistic interrogation, engineering, and therapeutic targeting of IL-27.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Składanowska
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yehudi Bloch
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jamie Strand
- Surface Oncology, 50 Hampshire Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kerry F White
- Surface Oncology, 50 Hampshire Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jing Hua
- Surface Oncology, 50 Hampshire Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Aldridge
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martin Welin
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Derek T Logan
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Arne Soete
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Romain Merceron
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Casey Murphy
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathias Provost
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Fernando Bazan
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; ħ Bioconsulting, Stillwater, MN, USA
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Hill
- Surface Oncology, 50 Hampshire Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Savvas N Savvides
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma S, Ji X, Cang M, Wang J, Yu H, Liu Y, Zhang W, Wu Y, Zhao S, Cao G, Tong B. Association analysis between novel variants in LEPR gene and litter size in Mongolia and ujimqin sheep breeds. Theriogenology 2022; 183:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
6
|
Xin L, Liu C, Zhang H, Qiu L, Wang L, Song L. The characterization of an interleukin-12 p35 homolog involved in the immune modulation of oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 123:104145. [PMID: 34051203 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine composing of two subunits (p35 and p40). In the present study, a p35-like subunit homolog of vertebrate IL-12 was identified from oyster Crassostrea gigas (designated as CgIL12p35L), with an open reading frame of 411 bp encoding a putative peptide of 136 amino acids. There was a long four-helix chain in CgIL12p35L, which was similar as that in vertebrate IL-12 p35. Comparative genomic analysis showed that there were conservative kinds of syntenic genes flanked CgIL12p35L. The mRNA transcripts of CgIL12p35L were constitutively expressed in various tissues and its mRNA expression level in haemocytes increased significantly after bacteria challenge. The activity of haemolymph to eliminate bacteria from the oysters treated with recombinant CgIL12p35L protein (rCgIL12p35L) in vivo increased significantly. The results collectively indicated that the homolog of vertebrate IL-12 p35 subunit existed in oysters, and it was involved in immune defense against bacteria challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lusheng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hasegawa H, Mizoguchi I, Orii N, Inoue S, Katahira Y, Yoneto T, Xu M, Miyazaki T, Yoshimoto T. IL-23p19 and CD5 antigen-like form a possible novel heterodimeric cytokine and contribute to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5266. [PMID: 33664371 PMCID: PMC7933155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among various cytokines, interleukin (IL)-12 family cytokines have very unique characteristics in that they are composed of two distinct subunits and these subunits are shared with each other. IL-23, one of the IL-12 family cytokines, consists of p19 and p40 subunits, is mainly produced by antigen-presenting cells, and plays a critical role in the expansion and maintenance of pathogenic helper CD4+ T (Th)17 cells. Since we initially found that p19 is secreted in the culture supernatant of activated CD4+ T cells, we have further investigated the role of p19. p19 was revealed to associate with CD5 antigen-like (CD5L), which is a repressor of Th17 pathogenicity and is highly expressed in non-pathogenic Th17 cells, to form a composite p19/CD5L. This p19/CD5L was shown to activate STAT5 and enhance the differentiation into granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing CD4+ T cells. Both CD4+ T cell-specific conditional p19-deficient mice and complete CD5L-deficient mice showed significantly alleviated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) with reduced frequency of GM-CSF+CD4+ T cells. During the course of EAE, the serum level of p19/CD5L, but not CD5L, correlated highly with the clinical symptoms. Thus, the composite p19/CD5L is a possible novel heterodimeric cytokine that contributes to EAE development with GM-CSF up-regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Hasegawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Izuru Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Naoko Orii
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Shinya Inoue
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Katahira
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yoneto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Mingli Xu
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Toru Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
IL-12 and IL-23-Close Relatives with Structural Homologies but Distinct Immunological Functions. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102184. [PMID: 32998371 PMCID: PMC7600943 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines of the IL-12 family show structural similarities but have distinct functions in the immune system. Prominent members of this cytokine family are the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and IL-23. These two cytokines share cytokine subunits and receptor chains but have different functions in autoimmune diseases, cancer and infections. Accordingly, structural knowledge about receptor complex formation is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies preventing and/or inhibiting cytokine:receptor interaction. In addition, intracellular signaling cascades can be targeted to inhibit cytokine-mediated effects. Single nucleotide polymorphisms can lead to alteration in the amino acid sequence and thereby influencing protein functions or protein–protein interactions. To understand the biology of IL-12 and IL-23 and to establish efficient targeting strategies structural knowledge about cytokines and respective receptors is crucial. A highly efficient therapy might be a combination of different drugs targeting extracellular cytokine:receptor assembly and intracellular signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
9
|
Metcalfe RD, Putoczki TL, Griffin MDW. Structural Understanding of Interleukin 6 Family Cytokine Signaling and Targeted Therapies: Focus on Interleukin 11. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1424. [PMID: 32765502 PMCID: PMC7378365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are small signaling proteins that have central roles in inflammation and cell survival. In the half-century since the discovery of the first cytokines, the interferons, over fifty cytokines have been identified. Amongst these is interleukin (IL)-6, the first and prototypical member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, nearly all of which utilize the common signaling receptor, gp130. In the last decade, there have been numerous advances in our understanding of the structural mechanisms of IL-6 family signaling, particularly for IL-6 itself. However, our understanding of the detailed structural mechanisms underlying signaling by most IL-6 family members remains limited. With the emergence of new roles for IL-6 family cytokines in disease and, in particular, roles of IL-11 in cardiovascular disease, lung disease, and cancer, there is an emerging need to develop therapeutics that can progress to clinical use. Here we outline our current knowledge of the structural mechanism of signaling by the IL-6 family of cytokines. We discuss how this knowledge allows us to understand the mechanism of action of currently available inhibitors targeting IL-6 family cytokine signaling, and most importantly how it allows for improved opportunities to pharmacologically disrupt cytokine signaling. We focus specifically on the need to develop and understand inhibitors that disrupt IL-11 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riley D Metcalfe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Technology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael D W Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Technology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Esch A, Masiarz A, Mossner S, Moll JM, Grötzinger J, Schröder J, Scheller J, Floss DM. Deciphering site 3 interactions of interleukin 12 and interleukin 23 with their cognate murine and human receptors. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10478-10492. [PMID: 32518162 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 belong to the IL-12 type family and are composite cytokines, consisting of the common β subunit p40 and the specific cytokine α subunit p35 and p19, respectively. IL-12 signals via the IL-12Rβ1·IL-12Rβ2 receptor complex, and IL-23 uses also IL-12Rβ1 but engages IL-23R as second receptor. Importantly, binding of IL-12 and IL-23 to IL-12Rβ1 is mediated by p40, and binding to IL-12Rβ2 and IL-23R is mediated by p35 and p19, respectively. Previously, we have identified a W157A substitution at site 3 of murine IL-23p19 that abrogates binding to murine IL-23R. Here, we demonstrate that the analogous Y185R site 3 substitution in murine and Y189R site 3 substitution in human IL-12p35 abolishes binding to IL-12Rβ2 in a cross-species manner. Although Trp157 is conserved between murine and human IL-23p19 (Trp156 in the human ortholog), the site 3 W156A substitution in hIL-23p19 did not affect signaling of cells expressing human IL-12Rβ1 and IL-23R, suggesting that the interface of murine IL-23p19 required for binding to IL-23R is different from that in the human ortholog. Hence, we introduced additional hIL-23p19 substitutions within its binding interface to hIL-23R and found that the combined site 3 substitutions of W156A and L160E, which become buried at the complex interface, disrupt binding of hIL-23p19 to hIL-23R. In summary, we have identified substitutions in IL-12p35 and IL-23p19 that disrupt binding to their cognate receptors IL-12Rβ2 and IL-23R in a murine/human cross-species manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Esch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Masiarz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sofie Mossner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens M Moll
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim Grötzinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jutta Schröder
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Doreen M Floss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Duan R, Qiu L, Xu X, Ma Z, Merideth BR, Shyu CR, Zou X. Performance of human and server prediction in CAPRI rounds 38-45. Proteins 2020; 88:1110-1120. [PMID: 32483825 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
CAPRI challenges offer a variety of blind tests for protein-protein interaction prediction. In CAPRI Rounds 38-45, we generated a set of putative binding modes for each target with an FFT-based docking algorithm, and then scored and ranked these binding modes with a proprietary scoring function, ITScorePP. We have also developed a novel web server, Rebipp. The algorithm utilizes information retrieval to identify relevant biological information to significantly reduce the search space for a particular protein. In parallel, we have also constructed a GPU-based docking server, MDockPP, for protein-protein complex structure prediction. Here, the performance of our protocol in CAPRI rounds 38-45 is reported, which include 16 docking and scoring targets. Among them, three targets contain multiple interfaces: Targets 124, 125, and 136 have 2, 4, and 3 interfaces, respectively. In the predictor experiments, we predicted correct binding modes for nine targets, including one high-accuracy interface, six medium-accuracy binding modes, and six acceptable-accuracy binding modes. For the docking server prediction experiments, we predicted correct binding modes for eight targets, including one high-accuracy, three medium-accuracy, and five acceptable-accuracy binding modes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Duan
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Liming Qiu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Xianjin Xu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhiwei Ma
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Benjamin Ryan Merideth
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Chi-Ren Shyu
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Zou
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pandya P, Sayers RO, Ting JP, Morshedian S, Torres C, Cudal JS, Zhang K, Fitchett JR, Zhang Q, Zhang FF, Wang J, Durbin JD, Carrillo JJ, Espada A, Broughton H, Qian Y, Afshar S. Integration of phage and yeast display platforms: A reliable and cost effective approach for binning of peptides as displayed on-phage. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233961. [PMID: 32479512 PMCID: PMC7263589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of target specific peptides are routinely discovered by peptide display platforms. However, due to the high cost of peptide synthesis only a limited number of peptides are chemically made for further analysis. Here we describe an accurate and cost effective method to bin peptides on-phage based on binding region(s), without any requirement for peptide or protein synthesis. This approach, which integrates phage and yeast display platforms, requires display of target and its alanine variants on yeast. Flow cytometry was used to detect binding of peptides on-phage to the target on yeast. Once hits were identified, they were synthesized to confirm their binding region(s) by HDX (Hydrogen deuterium exchange) and crystallography. Moreover, we have successfully shown that this approach can be implemented as part of a panning process to deplete non-functional peptides. This technique can be applied to any target that can be successfully displayed on yeast; it narrows down the number of peptides requiring synthesis; and its utilization during selection results in enrichment of peptide population against defined binding regions on the target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Pandya
- Department of Protein Engineering, Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Robert O. Sayers
- Department of Protein Engineering, Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Joey P. Ting
- Department of Protein Engineering, Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Shaghayegh Morshedian
- Department of Protein Engineering, Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Carina Torres
- Department of Protein Engineering, Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Justine S. Cudal
- Department of Protein Engineering, Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Protein Engineering, Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Fitchett
- Department of Protein Engineering, Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Protein Engineering, Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Feiyu F. Zhang
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jing Wang
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jim D. Durbin
- Department of Structural Biology, Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Juan J. Carrillo
- Department of Quantitative Biology, Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | | | | | - Yuewei Qian
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Recombinant Protein Generation, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sepideh Afshar
- Department of Protein Engineering, Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Allen SJ, Lumb KJ. Protein-protein interactions: a structural view of inhibition strategies and the IL-23/IL-17 axis. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 121:253-303. [PMID: 32312425 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are central to biology and provide opportunities to modulate disease with small-molecule or protein therapeutics. Recent developments in the understanding of the tractability of protein-protein interactions are discussed with a focus on the ligandable nature of protein-protein interaction surfaces. General principles of inhibiting protein-protein interactions are illustrated with structural biology examples from six members of the IL-23/IL-17 signaling family (IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23 RORγT and TNFα). These examples illustrate the different approaches to discover protein-protein interaction inhibitors on a target-specific basis that has proven fruitful in terms of discovering both small molecule and biologic based protein-protein interaction inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Allen
- Lead Discovery & Profiling, Discovery Sciences, Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, PA, United States
| | - Kevin J Lumb
- Lead Discovery & Profiling, Discovery Sciences, Janssen R&D LLC, Spring House, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dapkūnas J, Kairys V, Olechnovič K, Venclovas Č. Template-based modeling of diverse protein interactions in CAPRI rounds 38-45. Proteins 2019; 88:939-947. [PMID: 31697420 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Structures of proteins complexed with other proteins, peptides, or ligands are essential for investigation of molecular mechanisms. However, the experimental structures of protein complexes of interest are often not available. Therefore, computational methods are widely used to predict these structures, and, of those methods, template-based modeling is the most successful. In the rounds 38-45 of the Critical Assessment of PRediction of Interactions (CAPRI), we applied template-based modeling for 9 of 11 protein-protein and protein-peptide interaction targets, resulting in medium and high-quality models for six targets. For the protein-oligosaccharide docking targets, we used constraints derived from template structures, and generated models of at least acceptable quality for most of the targets. Apparently, high flexibility of oligosaccharide molecules was the main cause preventing us from obtaining models of higher quality. We also participated in the CAPRI scoring challenge, the goal of which was to identify the highest quality models from a large pool of decoys. In this experiment, we tested VoroMQA, a scoring method based on interatomic contact areas. The results showed VoroMQA to be quite effective in scoring strongly binding and obligatory protein complexes, but less successful in the case of transient interactions. We extensively used manual intervention in both CAPRI modeling and scoring experiments. This oftentimes allowed us to select the correct templates from available alternatives and to limit the search space during the model scoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justas Dapkūnas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Visvaldas Kairys
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kliment Olechnovič
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Česlovas Venclovas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saba Khan N, Verma R, Pradhan D, Nayek A, Bhuyan R, Kumar Sahu T, Kumar Jain A. Analysis of interleukin 23 and 7G10 interactions for computational design of lead antibodies against immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2018; 38:327-334. [PMID: 30481093 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2018.1511729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Wealth of structural data on theurapeutic targets in complex with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and advances in molecular modeling algorithms present exciting opportunities in the field of novel biologic design. Interleukin 23 (IL23), a well-known drug target for autoimmune diseases, in complex with mAb 7G10 offers prospect to design potent lead antibodies by traversing the complete epitope-paratope interface. Herein, key interactions aiding antibody-based neutralization in IL23-7G10 complex are resolute through PyMOL, LigPlot+, Antibody i-Patch, DiscoTope and FoldX. Six amino acids Ser31, Val33, Asn55, Lys59 in heavy chain and His34, Ser93 in light chain are subjected to in silico mutagenesis with residues Met, Trp, Ile, Leu and Arg. A set of 431 mutant macromolecules are outlined. Binding affinities of these molecules with IL23 are estimated through protein-protein docking by employing ZDOCK, ClusPro and RosettaDock. Subsequently, the macromolecules revealed comparable result with 7G10 are cross validated through binding free-energy calculations by applying Molecular Mechanics/Poisson Boltzman Surface Area method in CHARMM. Thirty nine designed theoretical antibodies showed improved outcome in all evaluations; from these, top 10 molecules showed at least nine unit better binding affinity compared to the known mAb. These molecules have the potential to act as lead antibodies. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulations too favored prospective of best ranked molecule to have therapeutic implications in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Abbreviations: IL23: interleukin 23; IL17: interleukin17; Ab: antibody; Ag: antigen; mAbs: monoclonal antibodies; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; STAT4: signal transducer and activator of transcription 4; PDB: protein databank; MM/PBSA: molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area; Ag-Ab: antigen- antibody complex; SPC/E: extended simple point charge; SD: steepest descents; PME: particle mesh ewald; dG: binding free energies; Fv: variable fragment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noor Saba Khan
- a Biomedical Informatics Centre , ICMR-National Institute of Pathology , New Delhi , India
| | - Rashi Verma
- a Biomedical Informatics Centre , ICMR-National Institute of Pathology , New Delhi , India
| | - Dibyabhaba Pradhan
- a Biomedical Informatics Centre , ICMR-National Institute of Pathology , New Delhi , India.,b ICMR-AIIMS Computational Genomics Centre , Indian Council of Medical Research , New Delhi , India
| | - Arnab Nayek
- a Biomedical Informatics Centre , ICMR-National Institute of Pathology , New Delhi , India
| | - Rajabrata Bhuyan
- c Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility , University of Kalyani , West Bengal , India
| | - Tanmaya Kumar Sahu
- d Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics , ICAR-ISARI , New Delhi , India
| | - Arun Kumar Jain
- a Biomedical Informatics Centre , ICMR-National Institute of Pathology , New Delhi , India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bloch Y, Bouchareychas L, Merceron R, Składanowska K, Van den Bossche L, Detry S, Govindarajan S, Elewaut D, Haerynck F, Dullaers M, Adamopoulos IE, Savvides SN. Structural Activation of Pro-inflammatory Human Cytokine IL-23 by Cognate IL-23 Receptor Enables Recruitment of the Shared Receptor IL-12Rβ1. Immunity 2018; 48:45-58.e6. [PMID: 29287995 PMCID: PMC5773378 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-23 (IL-23), an IL-12 family cytokine, plays pivotal roles in pro-inflammatory T helper 17 cell responses linked to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Despite intense therapeutic targeting, structural and mechanistic insights into receptor complexes mediated by IL-23, and by IL-12 family members in general, have remained elusive. We determined a crystal structure of human IL-23 in complex with its cognate receptor, IL-23R, and revealed that IL-23R bound to IL-23 exclusively via its N-terminal immunoglobulin domain. The structural and functional hotspot of this interaction partially restructured the helical IL-23p19 subunit of IL-23 and restrained its IL-12p40 subunit to cooperatively bind the shared receptor IL-12Rβ1 with high affinity. Together with structural insights from the interaction of IL-23 with the inhibitory antibody briakinumab and by leveraging additional IL-23:antibody complexes, we propose a mechanistic paradigm for IL-23 and IL-12 whereby cognate receptor binding to the helical cytokine subunits primes recruitment of the shared receptors via the IL-12p40 subunit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yehudi Bloch
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Bouchareychas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Romain Merceron
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Składanowska
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Van den Bossche
- Clinical Immunology Research Lab, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Primary Immunodeficiency, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sammy Detry
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Srinath Govindarajan
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filomeen Haerynck
- Clinical Immunology Research Lab, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Primary Immunodeficiency, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology and Pulmonology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Melissa Dullaers
- Clinical Immunology Research Lab, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Primary Immunodeficiency, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Iannis E Adamopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Savvas N Savvides
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Desmyter A, Spinelli S, Boutton C, Saunders M, Blachetot C, de Haard H, Denecker G, Van Roy M, Cambillau C, Rommelaere H. Neutralization of Human Interleukin 23 by Multivalent Nanobodies Explained by the Structure of Cytokine-Nanobody Complex. Front Immunol 2017; 8:884. [PMID: 28871249 PMCID: PMC5566574 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterodimeric cytokine interleukin (IL) 23 comprises the IL12-shared p40 subunit and an IL23-specific subunit, p19. Together with IL12 and IL27, IL23 sits at the apex of the regulatory mechanisms shaping adaptive immune responses. IL23, together with IL17, plays an important role in the development of chronic inflammation and autoimmune inflammatory diseases. In this context, we generated monovalent antihuman IL23 variable heavy chain domain of llama heavy chain antibody (VHH) domains (Nanobodies®) with low nanomolar affinity for human interleukin (hIL) 23. The crystal structure of a quaternary complex assembling hIL23 and several nanobodies against p19 and p40 subunits allowed identification of distinct epitopes and enabled rational design of a multivalent IL23-specific blocking nanobody. Taking advantage of the ease of nanobody formatting, multivalent IL23 nanobodies were assembled with properly designed linkers flanking an antihuman serum albumin nanobody, with improved hIL23 neutralization capacity in vitro and in vivo, as compared to the monovalent nanobodies. These constructs with long exposure time are excellent candidates for further developments targeting Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Desmyter
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France.,Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Silvia Spinelli
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France.,Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christian Cambillau
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France.,Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Masson GR, Jenkins ML, Burke JE. An overview of hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:981-994. [PMID: 28770632 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1363734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) is a powerful methodology to study protein dynamics, protein folding, protein-protein interactions, and protein small molecule interactions. The development of novel methodologies and technical advancements in mass spectrometers has greatly expanded the accessibility and acceptance of this technique within both academia and industry. Areas covered: This review examines the theoretical basis of how amide exchange occurs, how different mass spectrometer approaches can be used for HDX-MS experiments, as well as the use of HDX-MS in drug development, specifically focusing on how HDX-MS is used to characterize bio-therapeutics, and its use in examining protein-protein and protein small molecule interactions. Expert opinion: HDX-MS has been widely accepted within the pharmaceutical industry for the characterization of bio-therapeutics as well as in the mapping of antibody drug epitopes. However, there is room for this technique to be more widely used in the drug discovery process. This is particularly true in the use of HDX-MS as a complement to other high-resolution structural approaches, as well as in the development of small molecule therapeutics that can target both active-site and allosteric binding sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn R Masson
- a Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry Division , MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge , UK
| | - Meredith L Jenkins
- b Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , Canada
| | - John E Burke
- b Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Victoria , Victoria , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li J, Wei H, Krystek SR, Bond D, Brender TM, Cohen D, Feiner J, Hamacher N, Harshman J, Huang RYC, Julien SH, Lin Z, Moore K, Mueller L, Noriega C, Sejwal P, Sheppard P, Stevens B, Chen G, Tymiak AA, Gross ML, Schneeweis LA. Mapping the Energetic Epitope of an Antibody/Interleukin-23 Interaction with Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange, Fast Photochemical Oxidation of Proteins Mass Spectrometry, and Alanine Shave Mutagenesis. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2250-2258. [PMID: 28193005 PMCID: PMC5347259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epitope mapping the specific residues of an antibody/antigen interaction can be used to support mechanistic interpretation, antibody optimization, and epitope novelty assessment. Thus, there is a strong need for mapping methods, particularly integrative ones. Here, we report the identification of an energetic epitope by determining the interfacial hot-spot that dominates the binding affinity for an anti-interleukin-23 (anti-IL-23) antibody by using the complementary approaches of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), fast photochemical oxidation of proteins (FPOP), alanine shave mutagenesis, and binding analytics. Five peptide regions on IL-23 with reduced backbone amide solvent accessibility upon antibody binding were identified by HDX-MS, and five different peptides over the same three regions were identified by FPOP. In addition, FPOP analysis at the residue level reveals potentially key interacting residues. Mutants with 3-5 residues changed to alanine have no measurable differences from wild-type IL-23 except for binding of and signaling blockade by the 7B7 anti-IL-23 antibody. The M5 IL-23 mutant differs from wild-type by five alanine substitutions and represents the dominant energetic epitope of 7B7. M5 shows a dramatic decrease in binding to BMS-986010 (which contains the 7B7 Fab, where Fab is fragment antigen-binding region of an antibody), yet it maintains functional activity, binding to p40 and p19 specific reagents, and maintains biophysical properties similar to wild-type IL-23 (monomeric state, thermal stability, and secondary structural features).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, USA
| | - Hui Wei
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534
| | - Stanley R. Krystek
- Molecular Structure & Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rt. 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - Derek Bond
- Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1201 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle WA 98102
| | - Ty M. Brender
- Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1201 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle WA 98102
| | - Daniel Cohen
- Protein Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rt. 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - Jena Feiner
- Applied Genomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534
| | - Nels Hamacher
- Molecular Structure & Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rt. 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - Johanna Harshman
- Molecular Structure & Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rt. 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - Richard Y.-C. Huang
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rt. 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - Susan H. Julien
- Protein Engineering, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1201 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle WA 98102
| | - Zheng Lin
- Protein Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rt. 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - Kristina Moore
- Protein Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rt. 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - Luciano Mueller
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rt. 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - Claire Noriega
- Protein Engineering, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1201 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle WA 98102
| | - Preeti Sejwal
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rt. 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - Paul Sheppard
- Protein Engineering, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1201 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle WA 98102
| | - Brenda Stevens
- Protein Engineering, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1201 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle WA 98102
| | - Guodong Chen
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rt. 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - Adrienne A. Tymiak
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rt. 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543
| | - Michael L. Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, USA
| | - Lumelle A. Schneeweis
- Protein Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rt. 206 & Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Křížová L, Kuchař M, Petroková H, Osička R, Hlavničková M, Pelák O, Černý J, Kalina T, Malý P. p19-targeted ABD-derived protein variants inhibit IL-23 binding and exert suppressive control over IL-23-stimulated expansion of primary human IL-17+ T-cells. Autoimmunity 2017; 50:102-113. [DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2016.1272598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Křížová
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic,
| | - Milan Kuchař
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic,
| | - Hana Petroková
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic,
| | - Radim Osička
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Bacterial Pathogens, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic,
| | - Marie Hlavničková
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic,
| | - Ondřej Pelák
- CLIP, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic, and
| | - Jiří Černý
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kalina
- CLIP, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic, and
| | - Petr Malý
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Martin AC, Rees AR. Extracting human antibody sequences from public databases for antibody humanization: high frequency of species assignment errors. Protein Eng Des Sel 2016; 29:403-408. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzw018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
22
|
Maurer B, Bosanac I, Shia S, Kwong M, Corpuz R, Vandlen R, Schmidt K, Eigenbrot C. Structural basis of the broadly neutralizing anti-interferon-α antibody rontalizumab. Protein Sci 2015; 24:1440-50. [PMID: 26099203 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Interferons-alpha (IFN-α) are the expressed gene products comprising thirteen type I interferons with protein pairwise sequence similarities in the 77-96% range. Three other widely expressed human type I interferons, IFN-β, IFN-κ and IFN-ω have sequences 29-33%, 29-32% and 56-60% similar to the IFN-αs, respectively. Type I interferons act on immune cells by producing subtly different immune-modulatory effects upon binding to the extracellular domains of a heterodimeric cell-surface receptor composed of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2, most notably anti-viral effects. IFN-α has been used to treat infection by hepatitis-virus type C (HCV) and a correlation between hyperactivity of IFN-α-induced signaling and systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE), or lupus, has been noted. Anti-IFN-α antibodies including rontalizumab have been under clinical study for the treatment of lupus. To better understand the rontalizumab mechanism of action and specificity, we determined the X-ray crystal structure of the Fab fragment of rontalizumab bound to human IFN-α2 at 3Å resolution and find substantial overlap of the antibody and IFNA2 epitopes on IFN-α2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Maurer
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Ivan Bosanac
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Steven Shia
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Mandy Kwong
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Racquel Corpuz
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Richard Vandlen
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Kerstin Schmidt
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| | - Charles Eigenbrot
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080.,Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Stenderup K, Rosada C, Shanebeck K, Brady W, Van Brunt MP, King G, Marelli M, Slagle P, Xu H, Nairn NW, Johnson J, Wang AA, Li G, Thornton KC, Dam TN, Grabstein KH. AZ17: a new bispecific drug targeting IL-6 and IL-23 with potential clinical use—improves psoriasis in a human xenograft transplantation model. Protein Eng Des Sel 2015; 28:467-80. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzv034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
24
|
High-resolution epitope mapping by HX MS reveals the pathogenic mechanism and a possible therapy for autoimmune TTP syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015. [PMID: 26203127 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1512561112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), a thrombotic disorder that is fatal in almost all cases if not treated promptly, is primarily caused by IgG-type autoantibodies that inhibit the ability of the ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) metalloprotease to cleave von Willebrand factor (VWF). Because the mechanism of autoantibody-mediated inhibition of ADAMTS13 activity is not known, the only effective therapy so far is repeated whole-body plasma exchange. We used hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HX MS) to determine the ADAMTS13 binding epitope for three representative human monoclonal autoantibodies, isolated from TTP patients by phage display as tethered single-chain fragments of the variable regions (scFvs). All three scFvs bind the same conformationally discontinuous epitopic region on five small solvent-exposed loops in the spacer domain of ADAMTS13. The same epitopic region is also bound by most polyclonal IgG autoantibodies in 23 TTP patients that we tested. The ability of ADAMTS13 to proteolyze VWF is impaired by the binding of autoantibodies at the epitopic loops in the spacer domain, by the deletion of individual epitopic loops, and by some local mutations. Structural considerations and HX MS results rule out any disruptive structure change effect in the distant ADAMTS13 metalloprotease domain. Instead, it appears that the same ADAMTS13 loop segments that bind the autoantibodies are also responsible for correct binding to the VWF substrate. If so, the autoantibodies must prevent VWF proteolysis simply by physically blocking normal ADAMTS13 to VWF interaction. These results point to the mechanism for autoantibody action and an avenue for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
|
25
|
Iacob RE, Krystek SR, Huang RYC, Wei H, Tao L, Lin Z, Morin PE, Doyle ML, Tymiak AA, Engen JR, Chen G. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry applied to IL-23 interaction characteristics: potential impact for therapeutics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 12:159-69. [PMID: 25711416 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2015.1018897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IL-23 is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Adnectins are targeted protein therapeutics that are derived from domain III of human fibronectin and have a similar protein scaffold to antibodies. Adnectin 2 was found to bind to IL-23 and compete with the IL-23/IL-23R interaction, posing a potential protein therapeutic. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and computational methods were applied to probe the binding interactions between IL-23 and Adnectin 2 and to determine the correlation between the two orthogonal methods. This review summarizes the current structural knowledge about IL-23 and focuses on the applicability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to investigate the higher order structure of proteins, which plays an important role in the discovery of new and improved biotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana E Iacob
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Spangler JB, Moraga I, Mendoza JL, Garcia KC. Insights into cytokine-receptor interactions from cytokine engineering. Annu Rev Immunol 2014; 33:139-67. [PMID: 25493332 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines exert a vast array of immunoregulatory actions critical to human biology and disease. However, the desired immunotherapeutic effects of native cytokines are often mitigated by toxicity or lack of efficacy, either of which results from cytokine receptor pleiotropy and/or undesired activation of off-target cells. As our understanding of the structural principles of cytokine-receptor interactions has advanced, mechanism-based manipulation of cytokine signaling through protein engineering has become an increasingly feasible and powerful approach. Modified cytokines, both agonists and antagonists, have been engineered with narrowed target cell specificities, and they have also yielded important mechanistic insights into cytokine biology and signaling. Here we review the theory and practice of cytokine engineering and rationalize the mechanisms of several engineered cytokines in the context of structure. We discuss specific examples of how structure-based cytokine engineering has opened new opportunities for cytokines as drugs, with a focus on the immunotherapeutic cytokines interferon, interleukin-2, and interleukin-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie B Spangler
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305; , , ,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Desmet J, Verstraete K, Bloch Y, Lorent E, Wen Y, Devreese B, Vandenbroucke K, Loverix S, Hettmann T, Deroo S, Somers K, Henderikx P, Lasters I, Savvides SN. Structural basis of IL-23 antagonism by an Alphabody protein scaffold. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5237. [PMID: 25354530 PMCID: PMC4220489 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein scaffolds can provide a promising alternative to antibodies for various biomedical and biotechnological applications, including therapeutics. Here we describe the design and development of the Alphabody, a protein scaffold featuring a single-chain antiparallel triple-helix coiled-coil fold. We report affinity-matured Alphabodies with favourable physicochemical properties that can specifically neutralize human interleukin (IL)-23, a pivotal therapeutic target in autoimmune inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. The crystal structure of human IL-23 in complex with an affinity-matured Alphabody reveals how the variable interhelical groove of the scaffold uniquely targets a large epitope on the p19 subunit of IL-23 to harness fully the hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding potential of tryptophan and tyrosine residues contributed by p19 and the Alphabody, respectively. Thus, Alphabodies are suitable for targeting protein–protein interfaces of therapeutic importance and can be tailored to interrogate desired design and binding-mode principles via efficient selection and affinity-maturation strategies. Protein scaffolds can serve as alternatives to antibodies in a range of applications. Here, the authors report the design and development of Alphabody™, a protein scaffold featuring a single-chain antiparallel triple-helix coiled-coil fold that the authors use to develop Alphabodies that can neutralize human IL-23 with high specificity and affinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Desmet
- 1] COMPLIX N.V., Technology Park 4, 9052 Ghent, Belgium [2]
| | - Kenneth Verstraete
- 1] Unit for Structural Biology, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium [2]
| | - Yehudi Bloch
- Unit for Structural Biology, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eric Lorent
- COMPLIX N.V., Technology Park 4, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yurong Wen
- 1] Unit for Structural Biology, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium [2] Unit for Biological Mass spectrometry and Proteomics, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Devreese
- Unit for Biological Mass spectrometry and Proteomics, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Sabrina Deroo
- COMPLIX N.V., Technology Park 4, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Savvas N Savvides
- Unit for Structural Biology, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abbott WM, Damschroder MM, Lowe DC. Current approaches to fine mapping of antigen-antibody interactions. Immunology 2014; 142:526-35. [PMID: 24635566 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of different methods are commonly used to map the fine details of the interaction between an antigen and an antibody. Undoubtedly the method that is now most commonly used to give details at the level of individual amino acids and atoms is X-ray crystallography. The feasibility of undertaking crystallographic studies has increased over recent years through the introduction of automation, miniaturization and high throughput processes. However, this still requires a high level of sophistication and expense and cannot be used when the antigen is not amenable to crystallization. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy offers a similar level of detail to crystallography but the technical hurdles are even higher such that it is rarely used in this context. Mutagenesis of either antigen or antibody offers the potential to give information at the amino acid level but suffers from the uncertainty of not knowing whether an effect is direct or indirect due to an effect on the folding of a protein. Other methods such as hydrogen deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry and the use of short peptides coupled with ELISA-based approaches tend to give mapping information over a peptide region rather than at the level of individual amino acids. It is quite common to use more than one method because of the limitations and even with a crystal structure it can be useful to use mutagenesis to tease apart the contribution of individual amino acids to binding affinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Mark Abbott
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Guan Q, Burtnick HA, Qing G, Weiss CR, Ma AG, Ma Y, Warrington RJ, Peng Z. Employing an IL-23 p19 vaccine to block IL-23 ameliorates chronic murine colitis. Immunotherapy 2014; 5:1313-22. [PMID: 24283842 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of IL-23 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Using vaccines to block overexpressed endogenous cytokines has emerged as a new therapeutic strategy for the long-term treatment of the disease. AIM We sought to develop peptide-based vaccines specific to IL-23 and evaluate their effects in colitis mice. MATERIALS & METHODS The vaccine was developed by inserting a peptide derived from mouse IL-23 p19 into the carrier protein, hepatitis B core antigen, using molecular engineering methods. One vaccine against IL-23 p19 was obtained that induced high-titered and long-lasting antibodies to IL-23 without the use of adjuvants. The inhibitory effect of vaccine-immunized serum was subsequently evaluated in vitro. To evaluate the in vivo effects, mice were subcutaneously injected with the vaccine, carrier or saline three times. Two weeks after the last injection, chronic colitis was induced in mice by seven weekly administrations with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. RESULTS In vitro studies revealed that serum IL-23 p19-specific IgG significantly suppressed IL-23-induced IL-17 production by splenocytes. In vivo evaluation of the effect of the vaccine in mice with chronic colitis indicated that vaccine-immunized mice exhibited a decrease in colon inflammation, collagen deposition and levels of IL-23 and IL-12 cytokines, compared with control groups. CONCLUSION IL-23 p19 vaccine is capable of downregulating inflammatory responses in chronic murine colitis, providing a novel therapeutic approach in Crohn's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Guan
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Swaminathan S, Dai L, Lane HC, Imamichi T. Evaluating the potential of IL-27 as a novel therapeutic agent in HIV-1 infection. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:571-7. [PMID: 23962745 PMCID: PMC3851681 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 27 (IL-27) is an immunomodulatory cytokine with important roles in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. In the last five years, the addition of exogenous IL-27 to primary cell cultures has been demonstrated to decrease HIV-1 replication in a number of cell types including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), CD4+ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. These in vitro findings suggest that IL-27 may have therapeutic value in the setting of HIV-1 infection. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the biology of IL-27, its effects primarily on HIV-1 replication but also in other viral infections and explore its potential role as a therapeutic cytokine for the treatment of patients with HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Swaminathan
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Lue Dai
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - H. Clifford Lane
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tomozumi Imamichi
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kuchař M, Vaňková L, Petroková H, Cerný J, Osička R, Pelák O, Sípová H, Schneider B, Homola J, Sebo P, Kalina T, Malý P. Human interleukin-23 receptor antagonists derived from an albumin-binding domain scaffold inhibit IL-23-dependent ex vivo expansion of IL-17-producing T-cells. Proteins 2013; 82:975-89. [PMID: 24549990 PMCID: PMC4285857 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Engineered combinatorial libraries derived from small protein scaffolds represent a powerful tool for generating novel binders with high affinity, required specificity and designed inhibitory function. This work was aimed to generate a collection of recombinant binders of human interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R), which is a key element of proinflammatory IL-23-mediated signaling. A library of variants derived from the three-helix bundle scaffold of the albumin-binding domain (ABD) of streptococcal protein G and ribosome display were used to select for high-affinity binders of recombinant extracellular IL-23R. A collection of 34 IL-23R-binding proteins (called REX binders), corresponding to 18 different sequence variants, was used to identify a group of ligands that inhibited binding of the recombinant p19 subunit of IL-23, or the biologically active human IL-23 cytokine, to the recombinant IL-23R or soluble IL-23R-IgG chimera. The strongest competitors for IL-23R binding in ELISA were confirmed to recognize human IL-23R-IgG in surface plasmon resonance experiments, estimating the binding affinity in the sub- to nanomolar range. We further demonstrated that several REX variants bind to human leukemic cell lines K-562, THP-1 and Jurkat, and this binding correlated with IL-23R cell-surface expression. The REX125, REX009 and REX128 variants competed with the p19 protein for binding to THP-1 cells. Moreover, the presence of REX125, REX009 and REX115 variants significantly inhibited the IL-23-driven expansion of IL-17-producing primary human CD4+ T-cells. Thus, we conclude that unique IL-23R antagonists derived from the ABD scaffold were generated that might be useful in designing novel anti-inflammatory biologicals. Proteins 2014; 82:975–989.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kuchař
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology AS CR, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Atwa MA, Emara AS, Youssef N, Bayoumy NM. Serum concentration of IL-17, IL-23 and TNF-α among patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria: association with disease activity and autologous serum skin test. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 28:469-74. [PMID: 23451767 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common skin disorder, which is considered in a subset of patients to be an autoimmune disorder. T helper 17 (Th17) cells are crucially involved in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to test the association of Th17 with CSU. We examined interleukin (IL)-17, IL-23 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) serum levels in CSU patients and studied their association with urticaria activity and autologous serum skin test (ASST). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Serum concentration of IL-17, IL-23 and TNF-α were measured in 75 patients with CSU and 30 healthy control subjects. Disease activity was assessed by using urticaria activity score (UAS) as recommended by EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EDF/WAO Guidelines. RESULTS Serum concentration of IL-17, IL-23 and TNF-α were significantly higher in CSU patients as compared with the healthy control subjects (mean: 35.51 ± 31.14 vs. 4.60 ± 1.38 pg/mL; P < 0.001, 38.95 ± 27.82 vs. 9.87 ± 4.62 pg/mL; P > 0.001 and 17.93 ± 6.05 vs. 6.87 ± 3.73 pg/mL; P = 0.004, respectively). There were significant positive correlation between serum IL-17, IL-23, TNF-α and disease activity assessed by cumulative UAS for 7 days before blood sampling. The Serum concentration of IL-17, IL-23 and TNF-α were also significantly higher in ASST positive patients than in ASST negative patients. CONCLUSION Our results showed high serum levels of IL-17, IL-23 and TNF-α among CSU patients which may highlight a functional role of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of this important and common skin disease. It also may provide the rationale for new treatment strategies in chronic urticaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Atwa
- Dermatology & Venereology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yen HH, Scheerlinck JPY. Biological activity of ovine IL-23 expressed using a foot-and-mouth disease virus 2A self-cleaving peptide. Cytokine 2013; 61:744-6. [PMID: 23419450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hetero-dimeric cytokines often require equi-molar expression of both subunits to achieve biological activity. Previously, we expressed ovine IL-12 p40 and p35 linked using a self-cleaving 2A peptide from foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). We now generated a new improved vector for the expression of hetero-dimeric cytokines and demonstrate the more general applicability of this strategy by cloning and expressing ovine IL-23 using the 2A peptide to link IL-12/IL-23 p40 and p19. The resulting protein was shown to be biologically active when expressed in mammalian COS cells. IL-23 plays a significant role in the differentiation of Th17 cells as well as autoimmunity and the regulation of inflammatory processes. As such this reagents will be invaluable in the unravelling of regulation of the ovine immune system for both veterinary and human animal model applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Hsun Yen
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zijlmans HJMAA, Punt S, Fleuren GJ, Trimbos JB, Kenter GG, Gorter A. Role of IL-12p40 in cervical carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:1956-62. [PMID: 23099807 PMCID: PMC3516683 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we have shown that low IL-12p40 mRNA expression by cervical cancer cells is associated with a poor survival of cervical cancer patients. As IL-12p40 is both a subcomponent of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23, the aim of this study was to elucidate the role of IL-12p40 in cervical cancer. METHODS We have measured the expression of IL-23p19 mRNA, IL-12p35 mRNA and IL-12p40 mRNA using mRNA in situ hybridisation. The IL-1 and IL-6 were measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS As IL-23 is a component of the IL-17/IL-23 pathway, a pathway induced by IL-1 and IL-6 in humans, we have studied IL-1 and IL-6 expression. Only a high number of stromal IL-6-positive cells was shown to associate with poor disease-specific survival. The worst disease-specific survival was associated with a subgroup of patients that displayed a high number of IL-6-positive cells and low IL-12p40 expression (P<0.001). Both a high number of IL-6-positive cells and a high number of IL-6-positive cells, plus low IL-12p40 expression were shown to be clinicopathological parameters independent of lymph node metastasis, parametrial involvement and Sedlis score (P=0.009 and P=0.007, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results with IL-6 and IL-12p40 are in accordance with the hypothesis that the IL-17/IL-23 pathway has a suppressive role in cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J M A A Zijlmans
- Department of Gynecology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
The interleukin 12 (IL-12) family is unique in having the only heterodimeric cytokines, including IL-12, IL-23, IL-27 and IL-35. This feature endows these cytokines with a unique set of connections and functional interactions not shared by other cytokine families. Despite sharing many structural features and molecular partners, cytokines of the IL-12 family mediate surprisingly diverse functional effects. Here we discuss the unique and unusual structural and functional characteristics of this cytokine family. We outline how cells might interpret seemingly similar cytokine signals to give rise to the diverse functional outcomes that characterize this cytokine family. We also discuss the therapeutic implications of this complexity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shirouzono T, Chirifu M, Nakamura C, Yamagata Y, Ikemizu S. Preparation, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of the glycosylated form of human interleukin-23. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:432-5. [PMID: 22505413 PMCID: PMC3325813 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112005295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-23 (IL-23), a member of the IL-12 family, is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of p19 and p40 subunits. IL-23 plays crucial roles in the activation, proliferation and survival of IL-17-producing helper T cells which induce various autoimmune diseases. Human p19 and p40 subunits were cloned and coexpressed in N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I-negative 293S cells, which produce high-mannose-type glycosylated proteins in order to diminish the heterogeneity of modified N-linked glycans. The glycosylated human IL-23 was purified and crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. X-ray diffraction data were then collected to 2.6 Å resolution. The crystal belonged to space group P6(1) or P6(5), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 108.94, c = 83.79 Å, γ = 120°. Assuming that the crystal contains one molecule per asymmetric unit, the calculated Matthews coefficient was 2.69 Å(3) Da(-1), with a solvent content of 54.2%. The structure was determined by the molecular-replacement method, with an initial R factor of 52.6%. After subsequent rigid-body and positional refinement, the R(work) and R(free) values decreased to 31.4% and 38.7%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Shirouzono
- Division of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kummoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mami Chirifu
- Division of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kummoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Chiharu Nakamura
- Division of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kummoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yuriko Yamagata
- Division of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kummoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Shinji Ikemizu
- Division of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kummoto 862-0973, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tang C, Chen S, Qian H, Huang W. Interleukin-23: as a drug target for autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Immunology 2012; 135:112-24. [PMID: 22044352 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2011.03522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a member of the IL-12 family of cytokines with pro-inflammatory properties. Its ability to potently enhance the expansion of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells indicates the responsibility for many of the inflammatory autoimmune responses. Emerging data demonstrate that IL-23 is a key participant in central regulation of the cellular mechanisms involved in inflammation. Both IL-23 and IL-17 form a new axis through Th17 cells, which has evolved in response to human diseases associated with immunoactivation and immunopathogeny, including bacterial or viral infections and chronic inflammation. Targeting of IL-23 or the IL-23 receptor or IL-23 axis is a potential therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases including psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. The current review focuses on the immunobiology of IL-23 and summarizes the most recent findings on the role of IL-23 in the pre-clinical and ongoing clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Tang
- Centre of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products and Function, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yin G, Garces ED, Yang J, Zhang J, Tran C, Steiner AR, Roos C, Bajad S, Hudak S, Penta K, Zawada J, Pollitt S, Murray CJ. Aglycosylated antibodies and antibody fragments produced in a scalable in vitro transcription-translation system. MAbs 2012; 4:217-25. [PMID: 22377750 PMCID: PMC3361657 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.4.2.19202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe protein synthesis, folding and assembly of antibody fragments and full-length aglycosylated antibodies using an Escherichia coli-based open cell-free synthesis (OCFS) system. We use DNA template design and high throughput screening at microliter scale to rapidly optimize production of single-chain Fv (scFv) and Fab antibody fragments that bind to human IL-23 and IL-13α1R, respectively. In addition we demonstrate production of aglycosylated immunoglobulin G (IgG 1) trastuzumab. These antibodies are produced rapidly over several hours in batch mode in standard bioreactors with linear scalable yields of hundreds of milligrams/L over a 1 million-fold change in scales up to pilot scale production. We demonstrate protein expression optimization of translation initiation region (TIR) libraries from gene synthesized linear DNA templates, optimization of the temporal assembly of a Fab from independent heavy chain and light chain plasmids and optimized expression of fully assembled trastuzumab that is equivalent to mammalian expressed material in biophysical and affinity based assays. These results illustrate how the open nature of the cell-free system can be used as a seamless antibody engineering platform from discovery to preclinical development of aglycosylated monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments as potential therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yin
- Sutro Biopharma, Inc.; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | - Junhao Yang
- Sutro Biopharma, Inc.; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Sutro Biopharma, Inc.; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Cuong Tran
- Sutro Biopharma, Inc.; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | | | - Sunil Bajad
- Sutro Biopharma, Inc.; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Susan Hudak
- Sutro Biopharma, Inc.; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | - James Zawada
- Sutro Biopharma, Inc.; South San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Structures of Adnectin/Protein Complexes Reveal an Expanded Binding Footprint. Structure 2012; 20:259-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
40
|
Jones LL, Vignali DAA. Molecular interactions within the IL-6/IL-12 cytokine/receptor superfamily. Immunol Res 2012; 51:5-14. [PMID: 21553332 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-011-8209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Production of cytokines by immune cells in response to stimuli and the binding of cytokines to specific receptors on target cells is a central feature of the immune response. The IL-12 cytokine family is particularly influential in determining the fate of T cells and is characterized by the sharing of cytokine and receptor subunits. A thorough understanding of the molecular interactions within this family will be a key to the development of therapeutic inhibitors or enhancers of IL-12 family function. While the current structural and molecular data for IL-12 family members is limited, there is ample information on the structurally related IL-6 cytokine family. This review will summarize the current structural and mutagenesis data within the IL-12 family and will attempt to utilize similarities between the IL-6 and IL-12 families to understand molecular interactions between IL-12 family subunits and with receptor components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay L Jones
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Oosting M, ter Hofstede H, van de Veerdonk FL, Sturm P, Kullberg BJ, van der Meer JWM, Netea MG, Joosten LAB. Role of interleukin-23 (IL-23) receptor signaling for IL-17 responses in human Lyme disease. Infect Immun 2011; 79:4681-7. [PMID: 21896776 PMCID: PMC3257938 DOI: 10.1128/iai.05242-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is known to play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of T helper 17 cells. It has been previously demonstrated that IL-17 is involved in experimental Lyme arthritis, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria. However, the precise role of the IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) for the B. burgdorferi-induced IL-17 responses or human Lyme disease has not yet been elucidated. IL-23R single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11209026 was genotyped using the TaqMan assay. Functional studies were performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and cytokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Dose-dependent production of IL-23 and IL-17 by B. burgdorferi could be observed. Interestingly, when IL-23 bioactivity was inhibited by a specific antibody against IL-23p19, IL-17 production was significantly downregulated. In contrast, production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) was not affected after the blockade of IL-23 activity. Moreover, individuals bearing a single nucleotide polymorphism in the IL-23R gene (Arg381Gln) produced significantly less IL-17 after B. burgdorferi stimulation compared with that of the individuals bearing the wild type. Despite lower IL-17 production, the IL-23R gene polymorphism did not influence the development of chronic Lyme disease in a cohort of patients with Lyme disease. This study demonstrates that IL-23R signaling is needed for B. burgdorferi-induced IL-17 production in vitro and that an IL-23R gene SNP leads to impaired IL-17 production. However, the IL-23R gene polymorphism is not crucial for the pathogenesis of chronic Lyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marije Oosting
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Institute of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hadewych ter Hofstede
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L. van de Veerdonk
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Institute of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Sturm
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert GrootepleinZuid 8, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart-Jan Kullberg
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Institute of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos W. M. van der Meer
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Institute of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Institute of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Institute of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ratsimandresy RA, Duvallet E, Assier E, Semerano L, Delavallée L, Bessis N, Zagury JF, Boissier MC. Active immunization against IL-23p19 improves experimental arthritis. Vaccine 2011; 29:9329-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
43
|
Narciso JET, Uy IDC, Cabang AB, Chavez JFC, Pablo JLB, Padilla-Concepcion GP, Padlan EA. Analysis of the antibody structure based on high-resolution crystallographic studies. N Biotechnol 2011; 28:435-47. [PMID: 21477671 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution structures of liganded and unliganded antibody molecules were analyzed in terms of the interaction between the antibody with ligand, between the residues in the contact between the variable domains, and between the framework and the complementarity-determining regions of the antibody. The solvent accessibilities of the residues in the variable domains were also analyzed. The structural information is useful in the engineering of antibodies for therapeutic and other purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Erika T Narciso
- The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Luo J, Wu SJ, Lacy ER, Orlovsky Y, Baker A, Teplyakov A, Obmolova G, Heavner GA, Richter HT, Benson J. Structural basis for the dual recognition of IL-12 and IL-23 by ustekinumab. J Mol Biol 2010; 402:797-812. [PMID: 20691190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 are heterodimeric proinflammatory cytokines that share a common p40 subunit, paired with p35 and p19 subunits, respectively. They represent an attractive class of therapeutic targets for the treatment of psoriasis and other immune-mediated diseases. Ustekinumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds specifically to IL-12/IL-23p40 and neutralizes human IL-12 and IL-23 bioactivity. The crystal structure of ustekinumab Fab (antigen binding fragment of mAb), in complex with human IL-12, has been determined by X-ray crystallography at 3.0 Å resolution. Ustekinumab Fab binds the D1 domain of the p40 subunit in a 1:1 ratio in the crystal, consistent with a 2 cytokines:1 mAb stoichiometry, as measured by isothermal titration calorimetry. The structure indicates that ustekinumab binds to the same epitope on p40 in both IL-12 and IL-23 with identical interactions. Mutational analyses confirm that several residues identified in the IL-12/IL-23p40 epitope provide important molecular binding interactions with ustekinumab. The electrostatic complementarity between the mAb antigen binding site and the p40 D1 domain epitope appears to play a key role in antibody/antigen recognition specificity. Interestingly, this structure also reveals significant structural differences in the p35 subunit and p35/p40 interface, compared with the published crystal structure of human IL-12, suggesting unusual and potentially functionally relevant structural flexibility of p35, as well as p40/p35 recognition. Collectively, these data describe unique observations about IL-12p35 and ustekinumab interactions with p40 that account for its dual binding and neutralization of IL-12 and IL-23.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Luo
- Centocor Research and Development, Inc., 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, PA 19087, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Paradowska-Gorycka A, Grzybowska-Kowalczyk A, Wojtecka-Lukasik E, Maslinski S. IL-23 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Immunol 2010; 71:134-45. [PMID: 20415779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a heterodimeric cytokine belonging to the IL-6/IL-12 family that plays a key role in several of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. This family contains the 34 type I cytokine receptor chains and 27 ligands, which share structural and functional similarities, but on the other hand they display distinct roles in shaping Th cells responses. IL-12 family cytokines have not only proinflammatory effects but they also promote inflammatory responses. IL-23 is composed of the p40 subunit in common with IL-12, and with a unique p19 subunit. IL-23 binding to an IL-23 receptor expressed on dendritic cells, macrophages and monocytes triggers the activation of Jak2 and Tyk2, which in turn phosphorylates STAT1, STAT3, STAT4 and STAT5 as well as induce formation of STAT3-STAT4 heterodimers. IL-23 is one of the essential factors required for the survival and/or expansion of Th17 cells, which produce IL-17, IL-17F, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Th17 cells stimulated by the IL-23 promote osteoclastogenesis through production of IL-17, which induce receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand on mesenchymal cells. The IL-23-IL-17 axis includes Th17 cells and plays a key role in the development of autoimmune arthritis.
Collapse
|
46
|
Rich RL, Myszka DG. Grading the commercial optical biosensor literature-Class of 2008: 'The Mighty Binders'. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:1-64. [PMID: 20017116 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optical biosensor technology continues to be the method of choice for label-free, real-time interaction analysis. But when it comes to improving the quality of the biosensor literature, education should be fundamental. Of the 1413 articles published in 2008, less than 30% would pass the requirements for high-school chemistry. To teach by example, we spotlight 10 papers that illustrate how to implement the technology properly. Then we grade every paper published in 2008 on a scale from A to F and outline what features make a biosensor article fabulous, middling or abysmal. To help improve the quality of published data, we focus on a few experimental, analysis and presentation mistakes that are alarmingly common. With the literature as a guide, we want to ensure that no user is left behind.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Guan Q, Ma Y, Hillman CL, Ma A, Zhou G, Qing G, Peng Z. Development of recombinant vaccines against IL-12/IL-23 p40 and in vivo evaluation of their effects in the downregulation of intestinal inflammation in murine colitis. Vaccine 2009; 27:7096-104. [PMID: 19786142 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of IL-12 and IL-23, which share the p40 subunit, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Targeting these cytokines with monoclonal antibodies has emerged as a new and effective therapy, but one with adverse reactions. In this study, we sought to develop p40 peptide-based virus-like particle vaccines that elicit autoantibodies to IL-12 and IL-23 for a long-term treatment of the disease. Three vaccines (named C, D and F) against the p40 were developed by inserting peptides derived from p40 into the carrier, hepatitis B core antigen, using molecular engineering methods. Immunization with the vaccines, without the use of adjuvants, induced high titered and long-lasting antibodies to IL-12, IL-23 and p40. The three vaccines were evaluated in vivo in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced chronic murine colitis. Mice were immunized with a vaccine three times, followed by weekly intrarectal administrations of TNBS. Vaccine groups, especially groups C and F, showed reduced expression of IL-12/IL-23p40, less inflammation, and decreased collagen deposition in colon tissues when compared with controls. We concluded that IL-12/IL-23p40 vaccines may be a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of Crohn's disease and other autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Guan
- Dept of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|