1
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Powała A, Żołek T, Brown G, Kutner A. Structure and the Anticancer Activity of Vitamin D Receptor Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6624. [PMID: 38928329 PMCID: PMC11203455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a group of seco-steroidal fat-soluble compounds. The two basic forms, vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), do not have biological activity. They are converted in the body by a two-step enzymatic hydroxylation into biologically active forms, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 [ercalcitriol, 1,25(OH)2D2] and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [calcitriol, 1,25(OH)2D3], which act as classical steroid hormones. 1,25(OH)2D3 exerts most of its physiological functions by binding to the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is present in most body tissues to provide support to a broad range of physiological processes. Vitamin D-liganded VDR controls the expression of many genes. High levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 cause an increase in calcium in the blood, which can lead to harmful hypercalcemia. Several analogs of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 1,25(OH)2D2 have been designed and synthesized with the aim of developing compounds that have a specific therapeutic function, for example, with potent anticancer activity and a reduced toxic calcemic effect. Particular structural modifications to vitamin D analogs have led to increased anticancer activity and reduced calcemic action with the prospect of extending work to provide future innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Powała
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Stefana Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Żołek
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Stefana Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Geoffrey Brown
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Andrzej Kutner
- Department of Drug Chemistry Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Stefana Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
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2
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Powała K, Żołek T, Brown G, Kutner A. Molecular Interactions of Selective Agonists and Antagonists with the Retinoic Acid Receptor γ. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6568. [PMID: 38928275 PMCID: PMC11203493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the major active metabolite of all-trans retinol (vitamin A), is a key hormonal signaling molecule. In the adult organism, ATRA has a widespread influence on processes that are crucial to the growth and differentiation of cells and, in turn, the acquisition of mature cell functions. Therefore, there is considerable potential in the use of retinoids to treat diseases. ATRA binds to the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) which, as activated by ATRA, selectively regulate gene expression. There are three main RAR isoforms, RARα, RARβ, and RARγ. They each have a distinct role, for example, RARα and RARγ regulate myeloid progenitor cell differentiation and hematopoietic stem cell maintenance, respectively. Hence, targeting an isoform is crucial to developing retinoid-based therapeutics. In principle, this is exemplified when ATRA is used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (PML) and target RARα within PML-RARα oncogenic fusion protein. ATRA with arsenic trioxide has provided a cure for the once highly fatal leukemia. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies of RARγ have revealed the potential use of agonists and antagonists to treat diseases as diverse as cancer, heterotopic ossification, psoriasis, and acne. During the final drug development there may be a need to design newer compounds with added modifications to improve solubility, pharmacokinetics, or potency. At the same time, it is important to retain isotype specificity and activity. Examination of the molecular interactions between RARγ agonists and the ligand binding domain of RARγ has revealed aspects to ligand binding that are crucial to RARγ selectivity and compound activity and key to designing newer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Powała
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Żołek
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Geoffrey Brown
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Andrzej Kutner
- Department of Drug Chemistry Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
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3
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Patel AK, Vilela P, Shaik TB, McEwen A, Hazemann I, Brillet K, Ennifar E, Hamiche A, Markov G, Laudet V, Moras D, Klaholz B, Billas IL. Asymmetric dimerization in a transcription factor superfamily is promoted by allosteric interactions with DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:8864-8879. [PMID: 37503845 PMCID: PMC10484738 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors, such as nuclear receptors achieve precise transcriptional regulation by means of a tight and reciprocal communication with DNA, where cooperativity gained by receptor dimerization is added to binding site sequence specificity to expand the range of DNA target gene sequences. To unravel the evolutionary steps in the emergence of DNA selection by steroid receptors (SRs) from monomeric to dimeric palindromic binding sites, we carried out crystallographic, biophysical and phylogenetic studies, focusing on the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs, NR3B) that represent closest relatives of SRs. Our results, showing the structure of the ERR DNA-binding domain bound to a palindromic response element (RE), unveil the molecular mechanisms of ERR dimerization which are imprinted in the protein itself with DNA acting as an allosteric driver by allowing the formation of a novel extended asymmetric dimerization region (KR-box). Phylogenetic analyses suggest that this dimerization asymmetry is an ancestral feature necessary for establishing a strong overall dimerization interface, which was progressively modified in other SRs in the course of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Kareem Mohideen Patel
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Pierre Vilela
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Tajith Baba Shaik
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Alastair G McEwen
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle Hazemann
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Karl Brillet
- Architecture et Réactivité de L’ARN, CNRS UPR 9002, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Ennifar
- Architecture et Réactivité de L’ARN, CNRS UPR 9002, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ali Hamiche
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Gabriel V Markov
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, (LBI2M, UMR8227), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit. Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology. 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, 904-0495 Okinawa, Japan
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10, Dah-Uen Rd, Jiau Shi, I-Lan 262, Taiwan
| | - Dino Moras
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Bruno P Klaholz
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle M L Billas
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
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4
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Beinsteiner B, Billas IML, Moras D. Structural insights into the HNF4 biology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1197063. [PMID: 37404310 PMCID: PMC10315846 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1197063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 (HNF4) is a transcription factor (TF) belonging to the nuclear receptor (NR) family that is expressed in liver, kidney, intestine and pancreas. It is a master regulator of liver-specific gene expression, in particular those genes involved in lipid transport and glucose metabolism and is crucial for the cellular differentiation during development. Dysregulation of HNF4 is linked to human diseases, such as type I diabetes (MODY1) and hemophilia. Here, we review the structures of the isolated HNF4 DNA binding domain (DBD) and ligand binding domain (LBD) and that of the multidomain receptor and compare them with the structures of other NRs. We will further discuss the biology of the HNF4α receptors from a structural perspective, in particular the effect of pathological mutations and of functionally critical post-translational modifications on the structure-function of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Beinsteiner
- Laboratory IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle M. L. Billas
- Laboratory IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Dino Moras
- Laboratory IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg (Unistra), Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
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5
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Beinsteiner B, Markov GV, Bourguet M, McEwen AG, Erb S, Patel AKM, El Khaloufi El Khaddar FZ, Lecroisey C, Holzer G, Essabri K, Hazemann I, Hamiche A, Cianférani S, Moras D, Laudet V, Billas IML. A novel nuclear receptor subfamily enlightens the origin of heterodimerization. BMC Biol 2022; 20:217. [PMID: 36199108 PMCID: PMC9535869 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear receptors are transcription factors of central importance in human biology and associated diseases. Much of the knowledge related to their major functions, such as ligand and DNA binding or dimerization, derives from functional studies undertaken in classical model animals. It has become evident, however, that a deeper understanding of these molecular functions requires uncovering how these characteristics originated and diversified during evolution, by looking at more species. In particular, the comprehension of how dimerization evolved from ancestral homodimers to a more sophisticated state of heterodimers has been missing, due to a too narrow phylogenetic sampling. Here, we experimentally and phylogenetically define the evolutionary trajectory of nuclear receptor dimerization by analyzing a novel NR7 subgroup, present in various metazoan groups, including cnidarians, annelids, mollusks, sea urchins, and amphioxus, but lost in vertebrates, arthropods, and nematodes. RESULTS We focused on NR7 of the cephalochordate amphioxus B. lanceolatum. We present a complementary set of functional, structural, and evolutionary analyses that establish that NR7 lies at a pivotal point in the evolutionary trajectory from homodimerizing to heterodimerizing nuclear receptors. The crystal structure of the NR7 ligand-binding domain suggests that the isolated domain is not capable of dimerizing with the ubiquitous dimerization partner RXR. In contrast, the full-length NR7 dimerizes with RXR in a DNA-dependent manner and acts as a constitutively active receptor. The phylogenetic and sequence analyses position NR7 at a pivotal point, just between the basal class I nuclear receptors that form monomers or homodimers on DNA and the derived class II nuclear receptors that exhibit the classical DNA-independent RXR heterodimers. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that NR7 represents the "missing link" in the transition between class I and class II nuclear receptors and that the DNA independency of heterodimer formation is a feature that was acquired during evolution. Our studies define a novel paradigm of nuclear receptor dimerization that evolved from DNA-dependent to DNA-independent requirements. This new concept emphasizes the importance of DNA in the dimerization of nuclear receptors, such as the glucocorticoid receptor and other members of this pharmacologically important oxosteroid receptor subfamily. Our studies further underline the importance of studying emerging model organisms for supporting cutting-edge research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Beinsteiner
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Gabriel V Markov
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, (LBI2M, UMR8227), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Maxime Bourguet
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048 CNRS CEA, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alastair G McEwen
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Stéphane Erb
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048 CNRS CEA, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Abdul Kareem Mohideen Patel
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Fatima Z El Khaloufi El Khaddar
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Claire Lecroisey
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR 5242 CNRS, Molecular Zoology Team, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, Cedex 07, France
| | - Guillaume Holzer
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR 5242 CNRS, Molecular Zoology Team, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, Cedex 07, France
- Present address: Uniklinikum RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Karim Essabri
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle Hazemann
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Ali Hamiche
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048 CNRS CEA, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dino Moras
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10, Dah-Uen Rd, Jiau Shi, I-Lan, 262, Taiwan.
| | - Isabelle M L Billas
- IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.
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6
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Safe S, Shrestha R, Mohankumar K. Orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) and novel ligands. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:877-886. [PMID: 34096590 PMCID: PMC11410023 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of transcription factors encodes expression of 48 human genes that are important for maintaining cellular homeostasis and in pathophysiology, and this has been observed for all sub-families including orphan receptors for which endogenous ligands have not yet been identified. The orphan NR4A1 (Nur77 and TR3) and other members of this sub-family (NR4A2 and NR4A3) are immediate early genes induced by diverse stressors, and these receptors play an important role in the immune function and are up-regulated in some inflammatory diseases including solid tumors. Although endogenous ligands for NR4A have not been identified, several different classes of compounds have been characterized as NR4A1 ligands that bind the receptor. These compounds include cytosporone B and structurally related analogs, bis-indole derived (CDIM) compounds, the triterpenoid celastrol and a number of other chemicals including polyunsaturated fatty acids. NR4A1 ligands bind different regions/surfaces of NR4A1 and exhibit selective NR4A1 modulator (SNR4AM) activities that are dependent on ligand structure and cell/tissue context. NR4A1 ligands exhibit pharmacologic activities in studies on cancer, endometriosis metabolic and inflammatory diseases and are promising agents with clinical potential for treating multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, U.S.A
| | - Rupesh Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, U.S.A
| | - Kumaravel Mohankumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, U.S.A
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7
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Zhao Y, Cui LG, Talukder M, Cui JG, Zhang H, Li JL. Lycopene prevents DEHP-induced testicular endoplasmic reticulum stress via regulating nuclear xenobiotic receptors and unfolded protein response in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:12256-12264. [PMID: 34673871 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02729h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene (LYC) is a potent antioxidant synthesized by red vegetables or plants. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is frequently detected in diverse agricultural environments and considered as a reproductive toxicant. The present research was designed to assess the potential mechanisms of DEHP-induced testicular toxicity and the treatment efficacy of LYC. In this study, after the oral administration of LYC at the dose of 5 mg per kg b.w. per day, mice were given 500 or 1000 mg per kg b.w. per day of DEHP. This research suggested that LYC prevented the DEHP-induced disorder at the levels of activity and content of CYP450 enzymes. LYC attenuated DEHP-caused enhancement in nuclear xenobiotic receptors (NXRs) and the phase I metabolizing enzymes (CYP1, CYP2, CYP3, etc.) levels. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was induced by DEHP and triggered unfolded protein response (UPR). Interestingly, LYC could effectively ameliorate these "hit". The present study suggested that LYC prevents DEHP-induced ER stress in testis via regulating NXRs and UPRER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Ling-Ge Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Milton Talukder
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
| | - Jia-Gen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
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8
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El Kharraz S, Dubois V, van Royen ME, Houtsmuller AB, Pavlova E, Atanassova N, Nguyen T, Voet A, Eerlings R, Handle F, Prekovic S, Smeets E, Moris L, Devlies W, Ohlsson C, Poutanen M, Verstrepen KJ, Carmeliet G, Launonen KM, Helminen L, Palvimo JJ, Libert C, Vanderschueren D, Helsen C, Claessens F. The androgen receptor depends on ligand-binding domain dimerization for transcriptional activation. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52764. [PMID: 34661369 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas dimerization of the DNA-binding domain of the androgen receptor (AR) plays an evident role in recognizing bipartite response elements, the contribution of the dimerization of the ligand-binding domain (LBD) to the correct functioning of the AR remains unclear. Here, we describe a mouse model with disrupted dimerization of the AR LBD (ARLmon/Y ). The disruptive effect of the mutation is demonstrated by the feminized phenotype, absence of male accessory sex glands, and strongly affected spermatogenesis, despite high circulating levels of testosterone. Testosterone replacement studies in orchidectomized mice demonstrate that androgen-regulated transcriptomes in ARLmon/Y mice are completely lost. The mutated AR still translocates to the nucleus and binds chromatin, but does not bind to specific AR binding sites. In vitro studies reveal that the mutation in the LBD dimer interface also affects other AR functions such as DNA binding, ligand binding, and co-regulator binding. In conclusion, LBD dimerization is crucial for the development of AR-dependent tissues through its role in transcriptional regulation in vivo. Our findings identify AR LBD dimerization as a possible target for AR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah El Kharraz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Dubois
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Ekatarina Pavlova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nina Atanassova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tien Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnout Voet
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roy Eerlings
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Florian Handle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Prekovic
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elien Smeets
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Moris
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wout Devlies
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kevin J Verstrepen
- VIB Laboratory for Systems Biology and KU Leuven Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, VIB - KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Laura Helminen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma J Palvimo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Claude Libert
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Christine Helsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Aarts JMMJG, Alink GM, Franssen HJ, Roebroeks W. Evolution of Hominin Detoxification: Neanderthal and Modern Human Ah Receptor Respond Similarly to TCDD. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:1292-1305. [PMID: 33230523 PMCID: PMC8042735 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In studies of hominin adaptations to fire use, the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in the evolution of detoxification has been highlighted, including statements that the modern human AHR confers a significantly better capacity to deal with toxic smoke components than the Neanderthal AHR. To evaluate this, we compared the AHR-controlled induction of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA in HeLa human cervix epithelial adenocarcinoma cells transfected with an Altai-Neanderthal or a modern human reference AHR expression construct, and exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). We compared the complete AHR mRNA sequences including the untranslated regions (UTRs), maintaining the original codon usage. We observe no significant difference in CYP1A1 induction by TCDD between Neanderthal and modern human AHR, whereas a 150–1,000 times difference was previously reported in a study of the AHR coding region optimized for mammalian codon usage and expressed in rat cells. Our study exemplifies that expression in a homologous cellular background is of major importance to determine (ancient) protein activity. The Neanderthal and modern human dose–response curves almost coincide, except for a slightly higher extrapolated maximum for the Neanderthal AHR, possibly caused by a 5′-UTR G-variant known from modern humans (rs7796976). Our results are strongly at odds with a major role of the modern human AHR in the evolution of hominin detoxification of smoke components and consistent with our previous study based on 18 relevant genes in addition to AHR, which concluded that efficient detoxification alleles are more dominant in ancient hominins, chimpanzees, and gorillas than in modern humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jac M M J G Aarts
- Human Origins Group, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit M Alink
- Human Origins Group, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Franssen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wil Roebroeks
- Human Origins Group, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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La Sala G, Gunnarsson A, Edman K, Tyrchan C, Hogner A, Frolov AI. Unraveling the Allosteric Cross-Talk between the Coactivator Peptide and the Ligand-Binding Site in the Glucocorticoid Receptor. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:3667-3680. [PMID: 34156843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a nuclear receptor that controls critical biological processes by regulating the transcription of specific genes. There is a known allosteric cross-talk between the ligand and coregulator binding sites within the GR ligand-binding domain that is crucial for the control of the functional response. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such an allosteric control remain elusive. Here, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, bioinformatic analysis, and biophysical measurements are integrated to capture the structural and dynamic features of the allosteric cross-talk within the GR. We identified a network of evolutionarily conserved residues that enables the allosteric signal transduction, in agreement with experimental data. MD simulations clarify how such a network is dynamically interconnected and offer a mechanistic explanation of how different peptides affect the intensity of the allosteric signal. This study provides useful insights to elucidate the GR allosteric regulation, ultimately providing a foundation for designing novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina La Sala
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Gunnarsson
- Discovery Science, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karl Edman
- Discovery Science, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christian Tyrchan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Hogner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrey I Frolov
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Rovito D, Rerra AI, Ueberschlag-Pitiot V, Joshi S, Karasu N, Dacleu-Siewe V, Rayana KB, Ghaibour K, Parisotto M, Ferry A, Jelinsky SA, Laverny G, Klaholz BP, Sexton T, Billas IML, Duteil D, Metzger D. Myod1 and GR coordinate myofiber-specific transcriptional enhancers. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:4472-4492. [PMID: 33836079 PMCID: PMC8096230 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a dynamic tissue the size of which can be remodeled through the concerted actions of various cues. Here, we investigated the skeletal muscle transcriptional program and identified key tissue-specific regulatory genetic elements. Our results show that Myod1 is bound to numerous skeletal muscle enhancers in collaboration with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to control gene expression. Remarkably, transcriptional activation controlled by these factors occurs through direct contacts with the promoter region of target genes, via the CpG-bound transcription factor Nrf1, and the formation of Ctcf-anchored chromatin loops, in a myofiber-specific manner. Moreover, we demonstrate that GR negatively controls muscle mass and strength in mice by down-regulating anabolic pathways. Taken together, our data establish Myod1, GR and Nrf1 as key players of muscle-specific enhancer-promoter communication that orchestrate myofiber size regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rovito
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, IGBMC, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Anna-Isavella Rerra
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, IGBMC, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | | | - Shilpy Joshi
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, IGBMC, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Nezih Karasu
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, IGBMC, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Vanessa Dacleu-Siewe
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, IGBMC, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Khalil Ben Rayana
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, IGBMC, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Kamar Ghaibour
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, IGBMC, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Maxime Parisotto
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, IGBMC, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Arnaud Ferry
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS974-Sorbonne Université-INSERM U974-Association Institut de Myologie, France
| | - Scott A Jelinsky
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gilles Laverny
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, IGBMC, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Bruno P Klaholz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, IGBMC, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Tom Sexton
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, IGBMC, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle M L Billas
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, IGBMC, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Delphine Duteil
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, IGBMC, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Daniel Metzger
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, IGBMC, F-67400 Illkirch, France
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12
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A structural signature motif enlightens the origin and diversification of nuclear receptors. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009492. [PMID: 33882063 PMCID: PMC8092661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that modulate gene regulatory networks from embryonic development to adult physiology and thus represent major targets for clinical interventions in many diseases. Most nuclear receptors function either as homodimers or as heterodimers. The dimerization is crucial for gene regulation by nuclear receptors, by extending the repertoire of binding sites in the promoters or the enhancers of target genes via combinatorial interactions. Here, we focused our attention on an unusual structural variation of the α-helix, called π-turn that is present in helix H7 of the ligand-binding domain of RXR and HNF4. By tracing back the complex evolutionary history of the π-turn, we demonstrate that it was present ancestrally and then independently lost in several nuclear receptor lineages. Importantly, the evolutionary history of the π-turn motif is parallel to the evolutionary diversification of the nuclear receptor dimerization ability from ancestral homodimers to derived heterodimers. We then carried out structural and biophysical analyses, in particular through point mutation studies of key RXR signature residues and showed that this motif plays a critical role in the network of interactions stabilizing homodimers. We further showed that the π-turn was instrumental in allowing a flexible heterodimeric interface of RXR in order to accommodate multiple interfaces with numerous partners and critical for the emergence of high affinity receptors. Altogether, our work allows to identify a functional role for the π-turn in oligomerization of nuclear receptors and reveals how this motif is linked to the emergence of a critical biological function. We conclude that the π-turn can be viewed as a structural exaptation that has contributed to enlarging the functional repertoire of nuclear receptors. The origin of novelties is a central topic in evolutionary biology. A fundamental question is how organisms constrained by natural selection can divert from existing schemes to set up novel structures or pathways. Among the most important strategies are exaptations, which represent pre-adaptation strategies. Many examples exist in biology, at both morphological and molecular levels, such as the one reported here that focuses on an unusual structural feature called the π-turn. It is found in the structure of the most ancestral nuclear receptors RXR and HNF4. The analyses trace back the complex evolutionary history of the π-turn to more than 500 million years ago, before the Cambrian explosion and show that this feature was essential for the heterodimerization capacity of RXR. Nuclear receptor lineages that emerged later in evolution lost the π-turn. We demonstrate here that this loss in nuclear receptors that heterodimerize with RXR was critical for the emergence of high affinity receptors, such as the vitamin D and the thyroid hormone receptors. On the other hand, the conserved π-turn in RXR allowed it to accommodate multiple heterodimer interfaces with numerous partners. This structural exaptation allowed for the remarkable diversification of nuclear receptors.
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13
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Bianchetti L, Sinar D, Depenveiller C, Dejaegere A. Insights into mineralocorticoid receptor homodimerization from a combined molecular modeling and bioinformatics study. Proteins 2021; 89:952-965. [PMID: 33713045 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrates, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a steroid-activated nuclear receptor (NR) that plays essential roles in water-electrolyte balance and blood pressure homeostasis. It belongs to the group of oxo-steroidian NRs, together with the glucocorticoid (GR), progesterone (PR), and androgen (AR) receptors. Classically, these oxo-steroidian NRs homodimerize and bind to specific genomic sequences to activate gene expression. NRs are multi-domain proteins, and dimerization is mediated by both the DNA (DBD) and ligand binding domains (LBDs), with the latter thought to provide the largest dimerization interface. However, at the structural level, the dimerization of oxo-steroidian receptors LBDs has remained largely a matter of debate and, despite their sequence homology, there is currently no consensus on a common homodimer assembly across the four receptors, that is, GR, PR, AR, and MR. Here, we examined all available MR LBD crystals using different computational methods (protein common interface database, proteins, interfaces, structures and assemblies, protein-protein interaction prediction by structural matching, and evolutionary protein-protein interface classifier, and the molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area method). A consensus is reached by all methods and singles out an interface mediated by helices H9, H10 and the C-terminal F domain as having characteristics of a biologically relevant assembly. Interestingly, a similar assembly was previously identified for GRα, MR closest homolog. Alternative architectures that were proposed for GRα were not observed for MR. These data call for further experimental investigations of oxo-steroid dimer architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Bianchetti
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biophysique de la Signalisation de la Transcription, Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Deniz Sinar
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biophysique de la Signalisation de la Transcription, Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Camille Depenveiller
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biophysique de la Signalisation de la Transcription, Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Annick Dejaegere
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biophysique de la Signalisation de la Transcription, Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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14
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Browning C, McEwen AG, Mori K, Yokoi T, Moras D, Nakagawa Y, Billas IML. Nonsteroidal ecdysone receptor agonists use a water channel for binding to the ecdysone receptor complex EcR/USP. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2021; 46:88-100. [PMID: 33746550 PMCID: PMC7953031 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d20-095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ecdysone receptor (EcR) possesses the remarkable capacity to adapt structurally to different types of ligands. EcR binds ecdysteroids, including 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), as well as nonsteroidal synthetic agonists such as insecticidal dibenzoylhydrazines (DBHs). Here, we report the crystal structures of the ligand-binding domains of Heliothis virescens EcR/USP bound to the DBH agonist BYI09181 and to the imidazole-type compound BYI08346. The region delineated by helices H7 and H10 opens up to tightly fit a phenyl ring of the ligands to an extent that depends on the bulkiness of ring substituent. In the structure of 20E-bound EcR, this part of the ligand-binding pocket (LBP) contains a channel filled by water molecules that form an intricate hydrogen bond network between 20E and LBP. The water channel present in the nuclear receptor bound to its natural hormone acts as a critical molecular adaptation spring used to accommodate synthetic agonists inside its binding cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Browning
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alastair G. McEwen
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kotaro Mori
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan
| | - Taiyo Yokoi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan
| | - Dino Moras
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yoshiaki Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan
| | - Isabelle M. L. Billas
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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15
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Yang M, Chen J, Wei W. Dimerization of glucocorticoid receptors and its role in inflammation and immune responses. Pharmacol Res 2020; 166:105334. [PMID: 33276107 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) plays an irreplaceable role in inflammation and immune responses, fat metabolism and sugar metabolism, it is often used for the treatment of asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and allergic rhinitis clinically, but long-term or high-dose use will produce adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Its biological action is mediated by glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), of which the oligomerization state is closely related to the target gene of which the GRs act. A leading hypothesis is that the beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of GCs occur through the transrepression mechanism mediated by GR monomers, while ADRs may be dependent on the transactivation mechanism mediated by GR dimers. However, in recent years, multiple studies have shown that the transactivation and transrepression functions of the GR dimer also confer anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, some studies have shown that some selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists and modulators (SEGRAMs) have good separation characteristics (i.e., preferentially mediate the transrepression of proinflammatory genes or preferentially activate anti-inflammatory target genes). This article reviewed the formation of GR dimers, the role of GR dimers in the inflammation and immune responses, and the progress of SEGRAMs to provide novel ideas for further understanding the anti-inflammatory mechanism of GR and the development of SEGRAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, 230032, China.
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16
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Ishigami-Yuasa M, Kagechika H. Chemical Screening of Nuclear Receptor Modulators. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5512. [PMID: 32752136 PMCID: PMC7432305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are ligand-inducible transcriptional factors that control multiple biological phenomena, including proliferation, differentiation, reproduction, metabolism, and the maintenance of homeostasis. Members of the nuclear receptor superfamily have marked structural and functional similarities, and their domain functionalities and regulatory mechanisms have been well studied. Various modulators of nuclear receptors, including agonists and antagonists, have been developed as tools for elucidating nuclear receptor functions and also as drug candidates or lead compounds. Many assay systems are currently available to evaluate the modulation of nuclear receptor functions, and are useful as screening tools in the discovery and development of new modulators. In this review, we cover the chemical screening methods for nuclear receptor modulators, focusing on assay methods and chemical libraries for screening. We include some recent examples of the discovery of nuclear receptor modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan;
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17
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De Bosscher K, Desmet SJ, Clarisse D, Estébanez-Perpiña E, Brunsveld L. Nuclear receptor crosstalk - defining the mechanisms for therapeutic innovation. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:363-377. [PMID: 32303708 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor crosstalk can be defined as the interplay between different nuclear receptors or between their overlapping signalling pathways. A subset of nuclear receptors (such as PPARs and RARs) engage in the formation of well-characterized 'typical' heterodimers with RXR. 'Atypical' heterodimers (such as GR with PPARs, or PPAR with ERR) might form a novel class of physical complexes that might be more transient in nature. These heterodimers might harbour strong transcriptional flexibility, with no strict need for DNA binding of both partners. Direct crosstalk could stem from a pairwise physical association between atypical nuclear receptor heterodimers, either via pre-existing interaction pairs or via interactions that are newly induced with small molecules; such crosstalk might constitute an uncharted space to target nuclear receptor physiological and/or pathophysiological actions. In this Review, we discuss the emerging aspects of crosstalk in the nuclear receptor field and present various mechanistic crosstalk modes with examples that support applicability of the atypical heterodimer concept. Stabilization or disruption, in a context-dependent or cell type-dependent manner, of these more transient heterodimers is expected to fuel unprecedented translational approaches to yield novel therapeutic agents to treat major human diseases with higher precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolien De Bosscher
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, UGent Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Sofie J Desmet
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, UGent Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Gent, Belgium
| | - Dorien Clarisse
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, UGent Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Gent, Belgium
| | - Eva Estébanez-Perpiña
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) of the University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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18
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Fogha J, Diharce J, Obled A, Aci-Sèche S, Bonnet P. Computational Analysis of Crystallization Additives for the Identification of New Allosteric Sites. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2114-2122. [PMID: 32064372 PMCID: PMC7016913 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Allosteric effect can modulate the biological activity of a protein. Thus, the discovery of new allosteric sites is very attractive for designing new modulators or inhibitors. Here, we propose an innovative way to identify allosteric sites, based on crystallization additives (CA), used to stabilize proteins during the crystallization process. Density and clustering analyses of CA, applied on protein kinase and nuclear receptor families, revealed that CA are not randomly distributed around protein structures, but they tend to aggregate near common sites. All orthosteric and allosteric cavities described in the literature are retrieved from the analysis of CA distribution. In addition, new sites were identified, which could be associated to putative allosteric sites. We proposed an efficient and easy way to use the structural information of CA to identify allosteric sites. This method could assist medicinal chemists for the design of new allosteric compounds targeting cavities of new drug targets.
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Bulutoglu B, Mert S, Rey-Bedón C, Deng SL, Yarmush ML, Usta OB. Rapid maturation of the hepatic cell line Huh7 via CDK inhibition for PXR dependent CYP450 metabolism and induction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15848. [PMID: 31676845 PMCID: PMC6825149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP3A4, a cytochrome P450 enzyme regulated by the nuclear receptor PXR, is involved in most of the drug metabolizing pathways. Studying the regulation/induction of CYP3A4 and PXR is critical in toxicology and drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies. Primary human hepatocytes constitute the preferred in vitro platform for drug development efforts. However, they are expensive, scarce and heterogeneous. Hepatic cell lines, such as Huh7, could provide a cost-effective alternative, however, they express negligible amounts of CYP450s and PXR. In this study, we show that dinaciclib, a potent cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, significantly increases the basal CYP3A4 and PXR levels in 24 hours. We also demonstrated that matured Huh7s can be used for drug induction studies, where CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 inductions were achieved following rifampicin treatment. More importantly, through a direct demonstration using amiodarone and rifampicin as model drugs, we showed that matured Huh7s present a suitable platform for DDI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Bulutoglu
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Safak Mert
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Camilo Rey-Bedón
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sarah L Deng
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - O Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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20
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Louw A. GR Dimerization and the Impact of GR Dimerization on GR Protein Stability and Half-Life. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1693. [PMID: 31379877 PMCID: PMC6653659 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologically, glucocorticoids, which mediate their effects via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), are a most effective therapy for inflammatory diseases despite the fact that chronic use causes side-effects and acquired GC resistance. The design of drugs with fewer side-effects and less potential for the development of resistance is therefore considered crucial for improved therapy. Dimerization of the GR is an integral step in glucocorticoid signaling and has been identified as a possible molecular site to target for drug development of anti-inflammatory drugs with an improved therapeutic index. Most of the current understanding regarding the role of GR dimerization in GC signaling derives for dimerization deficient mutants, although the role of ligands biased toward monomerization has also been described. Even though designing for loss of dimerization has mostly been applied for reduction of side-effect profile, designing for loss of dimerization may also be a fruitful strategy for the development of GC drugs with less potential to develop GC resistance. GC-induced resistance affects up to 30% of users and is due to a reduction in the GR functional pool. Several molecular mechanisms of GC-mediated reductions in GR pool have been described, one of which is the autologous down-regulation of GR density by the ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS). Loss of GR dimerization prevents autologous down-regulation of the receptor through modulation of interactions with components of the UPS and post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, which prime the GR for degradation. Rational design of conformationally biased ligands that select for a monomeric GR conformation, which increases GC sensitivity through improving GR protein stability and increasing half-life, may be a productive avenue to explore. However, potential drawbacks to this approach should be considered as well as the advantages and disadvantages in chronic vs. acute treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Louw
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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21
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Rigalli JP, Tocchetti GN, Weiss J. Modulation of ABC Transporters by Nuclear Receptors: Physiological, Pathological and Pharmacological Aspects. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1079-1112. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170920141707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ABC transporters are membrane proteins mediating the efflux of endo- and xenobiotics. Transporter expression is not static but instead is subject to a dynamic modulation aiming at responding to changes in the internal environment and thus at maintaining homeostatic conditions. Nuclear receptors are ligand modulated transcription factors that get activated upon changes in the intracellular concentrations of the respective agonists and bind to response elements within the promoter of ABC transporters, thus modulating their expression and, consequently, their activity. This review compiles information about transporter regulation by nuclear receptors classified according to the perpetrator compounds and the biological effects resulting from the regulation. Modulation by hormone receptors is involved in maintaining endocrine homeostasis and may also lead to an altered efflux of other substrates in cases of altered hormonal levels. Xenobiotic receptors play a key role in limiting the accumulation of potentially harmful compounds. In addition, their frequent activation by therapeutic agents makes them common molecular elements mediating drug-drug interactions and cancer multidrug resistance. Finally, lipid and retinoid receptors are usually activated by endogenous molecules, thus sensing metabolic changes and inducing ABC transporters to counteract potential alterations. Furthermore, the axis nuclear receptor-ABC transporter constitutes a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of several disease states like cancer, atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. In the current work, we summarize the information available on the pharmacological potential of nuclear receptor modulators and discuss their applicability in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Rigalli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology. University of Heidelberg. Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guillermo Nicolás Tocchetti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology. University of Heidelberg. Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology. University of Heidelberg. Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Meijer FA, Leijten-van de Gevel IA, de Vries RMJM, Brunsveld L. Allosteric small molecule modulators of nuclear receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 485:20-34. [PMID: 30703487 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Receptors (NRs) are multi-domain proteins, whose natural regulation occurs via ligands for a classical, orthosteric, binding pocket and via intra- and inter-domain allosteric mechanisms. Allosteric modulation of NRs via synthetic small molecules has recently emerged as an interesting entry to address the need for small molecules targeting NRs in pathology, via novel modes of action and with beneficial profiles. In this review the general concept of allosteric modulation in drug discovery is first discussed, serving as a background and inspiration for NRs. Subsequently, the review focuses on examples of small molecules that allosterically modulate NRs, with a strong focus on structural information and the ligand binding domain. Recently discovered nanomolar potent allosteric site NR modulators are catapulting allosteric targeting of NRs to the center of attention. The obtained insights serve as a basis for recommendations for the next steps to take in allosteric small molecular targeting of NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke A Meijer
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Iris A Leijten-van de Gevel
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Rens M J M de Vries
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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23
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Chen K, Zhong J, Hu L, Li R, Du Q, Cai J, Li Y, Gao Y, Cui X, Yang X, Wu X, Yao L, Dai J, Wang Y, Jin H. The Role of Xenobiotic Receptors on Hepatic Glycolipid Metabolism. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:29-35. [PMID: 30227815 DOI: 10.2174/1389200219666180918152241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background:
PXR (Pregnane X Receptor) and CAR (Constitutive Androstane Receptor) are termed as
xenobiotic receptors, which are known as core factors in regulation of the transcription of metabolic enzymes and
drug transporters. However, accumulating evidence has shown that PXR and CAR exert their effects on energy metabolism
through the regulation of gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis and β-oxidation. Therefore, in this review, we are
trying to summary recent advances to show how xenobiotic receptors regulate energy metabolism.
Methods:
A structured search of databases has been performed by using focused review topics. According to conceptual
framework, the main idea of research literature was summarized and presented.
Results:
For introduction of each receptor, the general introduction and the critical functions in hepatic glucose and
lipid metabolism have been included. Recent important studies have shown that CAR acts as a negative regulator of
lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis and β -oxidation. PXR activation induces lipogenesis, inhibits gluconeogenesis and
inhabits β-oxidation.
Conclusion:
In this review, the importance of xenobiotic receptors in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism has been
confirmed. Therefore, PXR and CAR may become new therapeutic targets for metabolic syndrome, including obesity
and diabetes. However, further research is required to promote the clinical application of this new energy metabolism
function of xenobiotic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinwei Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruliu Li
- Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Du
- Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiazhong Cai
- Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwu Li
- Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaona Cui
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shangdong, China
| | - Lu Yao
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Juji Dai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyong Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Eberhardt J, McEwen AG, Bourguet W, Moras D, Dejaegere A. A revisited version of the apo structure of the ligand-binding domain of the human nuclear receptor retinoic X receptor α. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2019; 75:98-104. [PMID: 30713160 PMCID: PMC6360438 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x18018022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoic X receptor (RXR) plays a crucial role in the superfamily of nuclear receptors (NRs) by acting as an obligatory partner of several nuclear receptors; its role as a transcription factor is thus critical in many signalling pathways, such as metabolism, cell development, differentiation and cellular death. The first published structure of the apo ligand-binding domain (LBD) of RXRα, which is still used as a reference today, contained inaccuracies. In the present work, these inaccuracies were corrected using modern crystallographic tools. The most important correction concerns the presence of a π-bulge in helix H7, which was originally built as a regular α-helix. The presence of several CHAPS molecules, which are visible for the first time in the electron-density map and which stabilize the H1-H3 loop, which contains helix H2, are also revealed. The apo RXR structure has played an essential role in deciphering the molecular mode of action of NR ligands and is still used in numerous biophysical studies. This refined structure should be used preferentially in the future in interpreting experiments as well as for modelling and structural dynamics studies of the apo RXRα LBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Eberhardt
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Alastair G. McEwen
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - William Bourguet
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, Inserm, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dino Moras
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Annick Dejaegere
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Yan L, Chen Z, Wu L, Su Y, Wang X, Tang N. Inhibitory effect of PXR on ammonia-induced hepatocyte autophagy via P53. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:153-161. [PMID: 29908302 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pregnane X Receptor (PXR), a nuclear receptor transcription factor, participates in a wide range of physiological activities, but the regulation of ammonia-induced hepatocyte autophagy by PXR is not yet clear. In this study, the levels of down-regulated LC3B-II and up-regulated SQSTM1 were found in ammonia-induced PXR-overexpressing (PXR+) liver cells, but the opposite appeared in PXR-knockdown (PXR-) liver cells. Rifampicin, a PXR-activating agent, elicits a similar effect as PXR+ cells. The mechanism analysis reveals that the levels of the energy-sensitive molecule AMPKβ1 and phosphorylated AMPKβ1 (p-AMPKβ1) in PXR- cells are higher than those in control cells, whereas the levels of this molecule in PXR+ cells are lower than those in control cells. Two active sites that bind to P53 exist in -253 to -19 at the promoter region of AMPKβ1, and their mutation can reduce the transactivating effect of AMPKβ1 that P53 relies on. A protein interaction also exists between PXR and P53. These findings indicate that PXR is a factor interfering the formation of ammonia-induced hepatocyte autophagy, and its inhibitory effect is achieved when P53 downregulates the expression and activity of AMPKβ1. This conclusion provides an appropriate clinical explanation for hepatotoxicity caused by the inhibitory effect of PXR-activating agent on hepatocyte autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yan
- Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhanfei Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Luxi Wu
- Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongfa Su
- Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nanhong Tang
- Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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26
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Bianchetti L, Wassmer B, Defosset A, Smertina A, Tiberti ML, Stote RH, Dejaegere A. Alternative dimerization interfaces in the glucocorticoid receptor-α ligand binding domain. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1810-1825. [PMID: 29723544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) constitute a large family of multi-domain ligand-activated transcription factors. Dimerization is essential for their regulation, and both DNA binding domain (DBD) and ligand binding domain (LBD) are implicated in dimerization. Intriguingly, the glucocorticoid receptor-α (GRα) presents a DBD dimeric architecture similar to that of the homologous estrogen receptor-α (ERα), but an atypical dimeric architecture for the LBD. The physiological relevance of the proposed GRα LBD dimer is a subject of debate. METHODS We analyzed all GRα LBD homodimers observed in crystals using an energetic analysis based on the PISA and on the MM/PBSA methods and a sequence conservation analysis, using the ERα LBD dimer as a reference point. RESULTS Several dimeric assemblies were observed for GRα LBD. The assembly generally taken to be physiologically relevant showed weak binding free energy and no significant residue conservation at the contact interface, while an alternative homodimer mediated by both helix 9 and C-terminal residues showed significant binding free energy and residue conservation. However, none of the GRα LBD assemblies found in crystals are as stable or conserved as the canonical ERα LBD dimer. GRα C-terminal sequence (F-domain) forms a steric obstacle to the canonical dimer assembly in all available structures. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis calls for a re-examination of the currently accepted GRα homodimer structure and experimental investigations of the alternative architectures. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This work questions the validity of the currently accepted architecture. This has implications for interpreting physiological data and for therapeutic design pertaining to glucocorticoid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Bianchetti
- Biocomputing and Molecular Modelling Laboratory, Integrated Structural Biology Department, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U1258 - Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Bianca Wassmer
- Biocomputing and Molecular Modelling Laboratory, Integrated Structural Biology Department, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U1258 - Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Audrey Defosset
- Biocomputing and Molecular Modelling Laboratory, Integrated Structural Biology Department, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U1258 - Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Anna Smertina
- Biocomputing and Molecular Modelling Laboratory, Integrated Structural Biology Department, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U1258 - Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Marion L Tiberti
- Biocomputing and Molecular Modelling Laboratory, Integrated Structural Biology Department, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U1258 - Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Roland H Stote
- Biocomputing and Molecular Modelling Laboratory, Integrated Structural Biology Department, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U1258 - Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Annick Dejaegere
- Biocomputing and Molecular Modelling Laboratory, Integrated Structural Biology Department, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U1258 - Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France.
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27
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Chandra V, Wu D, Li S, Potluri N, Kim Y, Rastinejad F. The quaternary architecture of RARβ-RXRα heterodimer facilitates domain-domain signal transmission. Nat Commun 2017; 8:868. [PMID: 29021580 PMCID: PMC5636793 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the physical connections and allosteric communications in multi-domain nuclear receptor (NR) polypeptides has remained challenging, with few crystal structures available to show their overall structural organizations. Here we report the quaternary architecture of multi-domain retinoic acid receptor β-retinoic X receptor α (RARβ-RXRα) heterodimer bound to DNA, ligands and coactivator peptides, examined through crystallographic, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, mutagenesis and functional studies. The RARβ ligand-binding domain (LBD) and DNA-binding domain (DBD) are physically connected to foster allosteric signal transmission between them. Direct comparisons among all the multi-domain NRs studied crystallographically to date show significant variations within their quaternary architectures, rather than a common architecture adhering to strict rules. RXR remains flexible and adaptive by maintaining loosely organized domains, while its heterodimerization partners use a surface patch on their LBDs to form domain-domain interactions with DBDs.Nuclear receptors (NR) are multidomain proteins, which makes their crystallization challenging. Here the authors present the crystal structure of the retinoic acid receptor β-retinoic X receptor α (RARβ-RXRα) heterodimer bound to DNA, ligands and coactivator peptides, which shows that NR quaternary architectures are variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Chandra
- Integrative Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Dalei Wu
- Integrative Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
- Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Medicine and UCSD DXMS Proteomics Resource, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92023, USA
| | - Nalini Potluri
- Integrative Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Youngchang Kim
- Structural Biology Center, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Fraydoon Rastinejad
- Integrative Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.
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Using TR-FRET to Investigate Protein-Protein Interactions: A Case Study of PXR-Coregulator Interaction. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2017; 110:31-63. [PMID: 29412999 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) protein-protein interaction assays, especially in the format of receptor coregulator (coactivator and corepressor) recruitment/repression assays, have been widely used in nuclear receptor research to characterize the modes of action, efficacies, and binding affinities of ligands (including their properties as agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists). However, there has been only limited progress in using this assay format for pregnane X receptor (PXR). In this chapter, we discuss TR-FRET protein-protein interaction assays and focus on a novel PXR TR-FRET coactivator interaction assay that we have developed based on a PXR coactivator cocrystal study. This new PXR TR-FRET coactivator interaction assay can characterize the binding affinities of PXR ligands and also differentiate antagonists from agonists. This assay is very robust, with the signal remaining stable over a long incubation time (up to 300min has been tested). It can tolerate high concentrations of DMSO (up to 5%) and has a high signal-to-noise ratio (six under typical assay conditions). This newly developed PXR TR-FRET coactivator interaction assay has potential application in high-throughput screening to identify and characterize novel PXR agonists and antagonists.
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Arnal JF, Lenfant F, Metivier R, Flouriot G, Henrion D, Adlanmerini M, Fontaine C, Gourdy P, Chambon P, Katzenellenbogen B, Katzenellenbogen J. Membrane and Nuclear Estrogen Receptor Alpha Actions: From Tissue Specificity to Medical Implications. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1045-1087. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been recognized now for several decades as playing a key role in reproduction and exerting functions in numerous nonreproductive tissues. In this review, we attempt to summarize the in vitro studies that are the basis of our current understanding of the mechanisms of action of ERα as a nuclear receptor and the key roles played by its two activation functions (AFs) in its transcriptional activities. We then depict the consequences of the selective inactivation of these AFs in mouse models, focusing on the prominent roles played by ERα in the reproductive tract and in the vascular system. Evidence has accumulated over the two last decades that ERα is also associated with the plasma membrane and activates non-nuclear signaling from this site. These rapid/nongenomic/membrane-initiated steroid signals (MISS) have been characterized in a variety of cell lines, and in particular in endothelial cells. The development of selective pharmacological tools that specifically activate MISS and the generation of mice expressing an ERα protein impeded for membrane localization have begun to unravel the physiological role of MISS in vivo. Finally, we discuss novel perspectives for the design of tissue-selective ER modulators based on the integration of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of MISS actions of estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Arnal
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Raphaël Metivier
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Gilles Flouriot
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Daniel Henrion
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Marine Adlanmerini
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Pierre Chambon
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - Benita Katzenellenbogen
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
| | - John Katzenellenbogen
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, Université de Toulouse 3 and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Equipe SP@RTE UMR 6290 CNRS, Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail (Irest–INSERM UMR 1085), Equipe TREC, Rennes, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 6214, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Angers,
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Hernández-Puga G, Mendoza A, León-Del-Río A, Orozco A. Jab1 is a T2-dependent coactivator or a T3-dependent corepressor of TRB1-mediated gene regulation. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:451-459. [PMID: 28053002 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) induce pleiotropic effects in vertebrates, mainly through the activation or repression of gene expression. These mechanisms involve thyroid hormone binding to thyroid hormone receptors, an event that is followed by the sequential recruitment of coactivator or corepressor proteins, which in turn modify the rate of transcription. In the present study, we looked for specific coregulators recruited by the long isoform of the teleostean thyroid hormone receptor beta 1 (L-Trb1) when bound to the bioactive TH, 3,5-T2 (T2). We found that jun activation domain-binding protein1 (Jab1) interacts with L-Trb1 + T2 complex. Using both the teleostean and human TRB1 isoforms, we characterized the Jab1-TRB1 by yeast two-hybrid, pull-down and transactivation assays. Our results showed that the TRB1-Jab1 interaction was ligand dependent and involved the single Jab1 nuclear receptor box, as well as the ligand-binding and N-terminal domains of TRB1. We also provide evidence of ligand-dependent, dual coregulatory properties of Jab1. Indeed, when T2 is bound to L-Trb1 or hTRB1, Jab1 acts as a coactivator of transcription, whereas it has corepressor activity when interacting with the T3-bound S-Trb1 or hTRB1. These mechanisms could explain some of the pleiotropic actions exerted by THs to regulate diverse biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Hernández-Puga
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y MolecularInstituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Arturo Mendoza
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y MolecularInstituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Alfonso León-Del-Río
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama y Departamento de Biología Molecular y BiotecnologíaInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, México, Mexico
| | - Aurea Orozco
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y MolecularInstituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro, Mexico
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Comparing the rules of engagement of androgen and glucocorticoid receptors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2217-2228. [PMID: 28168446 PMCID: PMC5425506 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite the diverse physiological activities of androgens and glucocorticoids, the corresponding receptors are very close members of the nuclear-receptor super family. Their action mechanisms show striking similarities, since both receptors recognize very similar DNA-response elements and recruit the same coactivators to their target genes. The specificity of the responses lies mainly in the tissue-specific expression of the receptors and in their ligand specificity. In cells, where both receptors are expressed, the mechanisms leading to the difference in target genes are less obvious. They lie in part in subtle variations of the DNA-binding sites, in cooperativity with other transcription factors and in differential allosteric signals from the DNA and ligand to other receptor domains. We will highlight the different suggestions that might explain the DNA sequence selectivity and will compare the possible allosteric routes between the response elements and the different functions in the transactivation process. The interplay of androgen and glucocorticoid receptors is also highly relevant in clinical settings, where both receptors are therapeutically targeted. We will discuss the possibility that the glucocorticoid and androgen receptors can play partially redundant roles in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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32
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Chebaro Y, Sirigu S, Amal I, Lutzing R, Stote RH, Rochette-Egly C, Rochel N, Dejaegere A. Allosteric Regulation in the Ligand Binding Domain of Retinoic Acid Receptorγ. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171043. [PMID: 28125680 PMCID: PMC5268703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) plays key roles in cell differentiation and growth arrest through nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs), which are ligand-dependent transcription factors. While the main trigger of RAR activation is the binding of RA, phosphorylation of the receptors has also emerged as an important regulatory signal. Phosphorylation of the RARγ N-terminal domain (NTD) is known to play a functional role in neuronal differentiation. In this work, we investigated the phosphorylation of RARγ ligand binding domain (LBD), and present evidence that the phosphorylation status of the LBD affects the phosphorylation of the NTD region. We solved the X-ray structure of a phospho-mimetic mutant of the LBD (RARγ S371E), which we used in molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the consequences of the S371E mutation on the RARγ structural dynamics. Combined with simulations of the wild-type LBD, we show that the conformational equilibria of LBD salt bridges (notably R387-D340) are affected by the S371E mutation, which likely affects the recruitment of the kinase complex that phosphorylates the NTD. The molecular dynamics simulations also showed that a conservative mutation in this salt bridge (R387K) affects the dynamics of the LBD without inducing large conformational changes. Finally, cellular assays showed that the phosphorylation of the NTD of RARγ is differentially regulated by retinoic acid in RARγWT and in the S371N, S371E and R387K mutants. This multidisciplinary work highlights an allosteric coupling between phosphorylations of the LBD and the NTD of RARγ and supports the importance of structural dynamics involving electrostatic interactions in the regulation of RARs activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassmine Chebaro
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Serena Sirigu
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Ismail Amal
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Régis Lutzing
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Roland H. Stote
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Cécile Rochette-Egly
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Natacha Rochel
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Annick Dejaegere
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Holzer G, Markov GV, Laudet V. Evolution of Nuclear Receptors and Ligand Signaling. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 125:1-38. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Mohideen-Abdul K, Tazibt K, Bourguet M, Hazemann I, Lebars I, Takacs M, Cianférani S, Klaholz BP, Moras D, Billas IML. Importance of the Sequence-Directed DNA Shape for Specific Binding Site Recognition by the Estrogen-Related Receptor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:140. [PMID: 28676789 PMCID: PMC5476932 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most nuclear receptors (NRs) bind DNA as dimers, either as hetero- or as homodimers on DNA sequences organized as two half-sites with specific orientation and spacing. The dimerization of NRs on their cognate response elements (REs) involves specific protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. The estrogen-related receptor (ERR) belongs to the steroid hormone nuclear receptor (SHR) family and shares strong similarity in its DNA-binding domain (DBD) with that of the estrogen receptor (ER). In vitro, ERR binds with high affinity inverted repeat REs with a 3-bps spacing (IR3), but in vivo, it preferentially binds to single half-site REs extended at the 5'-end by 3 bp [estrogen-related response element (ERREs)], thus explaining why ERR was often inferred as a purely monomeric receptor. Since its C-terminal ligand-binding domain is known to homodimerize with a strong dimer interface, we investigated the binding behavior of the isolated DBDs to different REs using electrophoretic migration, multi-angle static laser light scattering (MALLS), non-denaturing mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. In contrast to ER DBD, ERR DBD binds as a monomer to EREs (IR3), such as the tff1 ERE-IR3, but we identified a DNA sequence composed of an extended half-site embedded within an IR3 element (embedded ERRE/IR3), where stable dimer binding is observed. Using a series of chimera and mutant DNA sequences of ERREs and IR3 REs, we have found the key determinants for the binding of ERR DBD as a dimer. Our results suggest that the sequence-directed DNA shape is more important than the exact nucleotide sequence for the binding of ERR DBD to DNA as a dimer. Our work underlines the importance of the shape-driven DNA readout mechanisms based on minor groove recognition and electrostatic potential. These conclusions may apply not only to ERR but also to other members of the SHR family, such as androgen or glucocorticoid, for which a strong well-conserved half-site is followed by a weaker one with degenerated sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Mohideen-Abdul
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Karima Tazibt
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maxime Bourguet
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Hazemann
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Lebars
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maria Takacs
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruno P. Klaholz
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dino Moras
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle M. L. Billas
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- *Correspondence: Isabelle M. L. Billas,
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Bolla NR, Corcoran A, Yasuda K, Chodyński M, Krajewski K, Cmoch P, Marcinkowska E, Brown G, Sakaki T, Kutner A. Synthesis and evaluation of geometric analogs of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 2 as potential therapeutics. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 164:50-55. [PMID: 26321387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An improved convergent strategy was developed for the synthesis of the previously obtained side-chain extended and rigidified analogs of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2, PRI-1906 and PRI-1907. New (24Z) geometric isomers of the analogs, PRI-1916 and PRI-1917, were also obtained and identified. These side-chain isomers were separable by flash chromatography, as C-25 alcohols, from the synthetic precursors of PRI-1906 and PRI-1907, respectively. The structures of new analogs were determined by advanced techniques of 1H and 13C NMR, including COSY, HSQC and HMBC sequences. Binding affinities of the geometric analogs PRI-1906 and PRI-1916 and their respective C-26, C-27 homologs PRI-1907 and PRI-1917 for the full-length human vitamin D receptor were determined by a fluorescence polarization competition assay. The binding affinity of (24Z) methyl analog PRI-1906 was much higher than that of (24E) analog PRI-1906, while the affinity of (24Z) ethyl analog PRI-1917 was lower than that of the respective PRI-1907. Investigation of the metabolism of these compounds by human CYP24A1 revealed they are much more resistant to CYP24A1 than 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2, indicating they could have longer-term biological effects on target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aoife Corcoran
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14a Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Michał Chodyński
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Cmoch
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 14a Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Geoffrey Brown
- School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, UK
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Andrzej Kutner
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
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Vinel A, Hay E, Valera MC, Buscato M, Adlanmerini M, Guillaume M, Cohen-Solal M, Ohlsson C, Lenfant F, Arnal JF, Fontaine C. Role of ERαMISS in the Effect of Estradiol on Cancellous and Cortical Femoral Bone in Growing Female Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2533-44. [PMID: 27105385 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) acts primarily in the nucleus as a transcription factor involving two activation functions, AF1 and AF2, but it can also induce membrane-initiated steroid signaling (MISS) through the modulation of various kinase activities and/or secondary messenger levels. Previous work has demonstrated that nuclear ERα is required for the protective effect of the estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2), whereas the selective activation of ERαMISS is sufficient to confer protection in cortical but not cancellous bone. The aim of this study was to define whether ERαMISS is necessary for the beneficial actions of chronic E2 exposure on bone. We used a mouse model in which ERα membrane localization had been abrogated due to a point mutation of the palmitoylation site of ERα (ERα-C451A). Alterations of the sex hormones in ERα-C451A precluded the interpretation of bone parameters that were thus analyzed on ovariectomized and supplemented or not with E2 (8 μg/kg/d) to circumvent this bias. We found the beneficial action of E2 on femoral bone mineral density as well as in both cortical and cancellous bone was decreased in ERα-C451A mice compared with their wild-type littermates. Histological and biochemical approaches concurred with the results from bone marrow chimeras to demonstrate that ERαMISS signaling affects the osteoblast but not the osteoclast lineage in response to E2. Thus, in contrast to the uterine and endothelial effects of E2 that are specifically mediated by nuclear ERα and ERαMISS effects, respectively, bone protection is dependent on both, underlining the exquisite tissue-specific actions and interactions of membrane and nuclear ERα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Vinel
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eric Hay
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie-Cécile Valera
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mélissa Buscato
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marine Adlanmerini
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maeva Guillaume
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- INSERM Unité 1048 (A.V., M.C.V., M.B., M.A., M.G., F.L., J.F.A., C.F.), I2MC, University of Toulouse 3, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 1132 (E.H., M.C.-S.), Bone and Cartilage Biology, University of Paris 7, F-75006 Paris, France; and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (C.O.), Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lee J, Lee S, Chung S, Park N, Son GH, An H, Jang J, Chang DJ, Suh YG, Kim K. Identification of a novel circadian clock modulator controlling BMAL1 expression through a ROR/REV-ERB-response element-dependent mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 469:580-6. [PMID: 26692477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms, biological oscillations with a period of about 24 h, are maintained by an innate genetically determined time-keeping system called the molecular circadian clockwork. Despite the physiological and clinical importance of the circadian clock, development of small molecule modulators targeting the core clock machinery has only recently been initiated. BMAL1, a core clock gene, is controlled by a ROR/REV-ERB-response element (RORE)-dependent mechanism, which plays an important role in stabilizing the period of the molecular circadian clock. Therefore, we aimed to identify a novel small molecule modulator that regulates Bmal1 gene expression in RORE-dependency, thereby influencing the molecular feedback loop of the circadian clock. For this purpose, we carried out a cell-based screen of more than 1000 drug-like compounds, using a luciferase reporter driven by the proximal region of the mouse Bmal1 promoter. One compound, designated KK-S6, repressed the RORE-dependent transcriptional activity of the mBmal1 promoter and reduced endogenous BMAL1 protein expression. More importantly, KK-S6 significantly altered the amplitude of circadian oscillations of Bmal1 and Per2 promoter activities in a dose-dependent manner, but barely affected the period length. KK-S6 effectively decreased mRNA expression of metabolic genes acting downstream of REV-ERBα, Pai-1 and Citrate synthase, that contain RORE cis-element in their promoter. KK-S6 likely acts in a RORE-dependent manner by reinforcing the REV-ERBα activity, though not by the same mechanism as known REV-ERB agonists. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that KK-S6 functions as a novel modulator of the amplitude of molecular circadian rhythms by influencing RORE-mediated BMAL1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seungbeom Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sooyoung Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Noheon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gi Hoon Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hongchan An
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaebong Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jo Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Young-Ger Suh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Kyungjin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea.
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38
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De Bosscher K, Beck IM, Ratman D, Berghe WV, Libert C. Activation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor in Acute Inflammation: the SEDIGRAM Concept. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:4-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Sablin EP, Blind RD, Uthayaruban R, Chiu HJ, Deacon AM, Das D, Ingraham HA, Fletterick RJ. Structure of Liver Receptor Homolog-1 (NR5A2) with PIP3 hormone bound in the ligand binding pocket. J Struct Biol 2015; 192:342-348. [PMID: 26416531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor LRH-1 (Liver Receptor Homolog-1, NR5A2) is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression programs critical for many aspects of metabolism and reproduction. Although LRH-1 is able to bind phospholipids, it is still considered an orphan nuclear receptor (NR) with an unknown regulatory hormone. Our prior cellular and structural studies demonstrated that the signaling phosphatidylinositols PI(4,5)P2 (PIP2) and PI(3,4,5)P3 (PIP3) bind and regulate SF-1 (Steroidogenic Factor-1, NR5A1), a close homolog of LRH-1. Here, we describe the crystal structure of human LRH-1 ligand binding domain (LBD) bound by PIP3 - the first phospholipid with a head group endogenous to mammals. We show that the phospholipid hormone binds LRH-1 with high affinity, stabilizing the receptor LBD. While the hydrophobic PIP3 tails (C16/C16) are buried inside the LRH-1 ligand binding pocket, the negatively charged PIP3 head group is presented on the receptor surface, similar to the phosphatidylinositol binding mode observed in the PIP3-SF-1 structure. Thus, data presented in this work reinforce our earlier findings demonstrating that signaling phosphatidylinositols regulate the NR5A receptors LRH-1 and SF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena P Sablin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Raymond D Blind
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Rubatharshini Uthayaruban
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Hsiu-Ju Chiu
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States
| | - Ashley M Deacon
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States
| | - Debanu Das
- Joint Center for Structural Genomics, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States
| | - Holly A Ingraham
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Robert J Fletterick
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States.
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40
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Zhang R, Kavana M. Quantitative analysis of receptor allosterism and its implication for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 10:763-80. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.1041498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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41
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Li L, Bonneton F, Chen XY, Laudet V. Botanical compounds and their regulation of nuclear receptor action: the case of traditional Chinese medicine. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 401:221-37. [PMID: 25449417 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are major pharmacological targets that allow an access to the mechanisms controlling gene regulation. As such, some NRs were identified as biological targets of active compounds contained in herbal remedies found in traditional medicines. We aim here to review this expanding literature by focusing on the informative articles regarding the mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). We exemplified well-characterized TCM action mediated by NR such as steroid receptors (ER, GR, AR), metabolic receptors (PPAR, LXR, FXR, PXR, CAR) and RXR. We also provided, when possible, examples from other traditional medicines. From these, we draw a parallel between TCMs and phytoestrogens or endocrine disrupting chemicals also acting via NR. We define common principle of action and highlight the potential and limits of those compounds. TCMs, by finely tuning physiological reactions in positive and negative manners, could act, in a subtle but efficient way, on NR sensors and their transcriptional network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon; Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS UMR 5242; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France.; School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - François Bonneton
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon; Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS UMR 5242; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France
| | - Xiao Yong Chen
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon; Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS UMR 5242; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France..
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42
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di Masi A, Leboffe L, De Marinis E, Pagano F, Cicconi L, Rochette-Egly C, Lo-Coco F, Ascenzi P, Nervi C. Retinoic acid receptors: from molecular mechanisms to cancer therapy. Mol Aspects Med 2015; 41:1-115. [PMID: 25543955 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), the major bioactive metabolite of retinol or vitamin A, induces a spectrum of pleiotropic effects in cell growth and differentiation that are relevant for embryonic development and adult physiology. The RA activity is mediated primarily by members of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) subfamily, namely RARα, RARβ and RARγ, which belong to the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of transcription factors. RARs form heterodimers with members of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) subfamily and act as ligand-regulated transcription factors through binding specific RA response elements (RAREs) located in target genes promoters. RARs also have non-genomic effects and activate kinase signaling pathways, which fine-tune the transcription of the RA target genes. The disruption of RA signaling pathways is thought to underlie the etiology of a number of hematological and non-hematological malignancies, including leukemias, skin cancer, head/neck cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, glioblastoma and neuroblastoma. Of note, RA and its derivatives (retinoids) are employed as potential chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agents because of their differentiation, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-oxidant effects. In humans, retinoids reverse premalignant epithelial lesions, induce the differentiation of myeloid normal and leukemic cells, and prevent lung, liver, and breast cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that regulate the RA and retinoid signaling pathways. Moreover, mechanisms through which deregulation of RA signaling pathways ultimately impact on cancer are examined. Finally, the therapeutic effects of retinoids are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra di Masi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, Roma I-00146, Italy
| | - Loris Leboffe
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, Roma I-00146, Italy
| | - Elisabetta De Marinis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina I-04100
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina I-04100
| | - Laura Cicconi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Roma I-00133, Italy; Laboratory of Neuro-Oncohematology, Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina, 306, Roma I-00142, Italy
| | - Cécile Rochette-Egly
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 964, University of Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, Illkirch Cedex F-67404, France.
| | - Francesco Lo-Coco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Roma I-00133, Italy; Laboratory of Neuro-Oncohematology, Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina, 306, Roma I-00142, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, Roma I-00146, Italy.
| | - Clara Nervi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina I-04100.
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Banerjee M, Robbins D, Chen T. Targeting xenobiotic receptors PXR and CAR in human diseases. Drug Discov Today 2014; 20:618-28. [PMID: 25463033 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors such as the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are xenobiotic receptors regulating not only drug metabolism and disposition but also various human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, inflammatory disease, metabolic disease and liver diseases, suggesting that PXR and CAR are promising targets for drug discovery. Consequently, there is an urgent need to discover and develop small molecules that target these PXR- and/or CAR-mediated human-disease-related pathways for relevant therapeutic applications. This review proposes approaches to target PXR and CAR, either individually or simultaneously, in the context of various human diseases, taking into consideration the structural differences between PXR and CAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monimoy Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Delira Robbins
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Pavlin MR, Brunzelle JS, Fernandez EJ. Agonist ligands mediate the transcriptional response of nuclear receptor heterodimers through distinct stoichiometric assemblies with coactivators. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24771-8. [PMID: 25053412 PMCID: PMC4155646 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.575423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The constitutive androstane (CAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR) are ligand-mediated transcription factors of the nuclear receptor protein superfamily. Functional CAR:RXR heterodimers recruit coactivator proteins, such as the steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC1). Here, we show that agonist ligands can potentiate transactivation through both coactivator binding sites on CAR:RXR, which distinctly bind two SRC1 molecules. We also observe that SRC1 transitions from a structurally plastic to a compact form upon binding CAR:RXR. Using small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) we show that the CAR(tcp):RXR(9c)·SRC1 complex can encompass two SRC1 molecules compared with the CAR(tcp):RXR·SRC1, which binds only a single SRC1. Moreover, sedimentation coefficients and molecular weights determined by analytical ultracentrifugation confirm the SAXS model. Cell-based transcription assays show that disrupting the SRC1 binding site on RXR alters the transactivation by CAR:RXR. These data suggest a broader role for RXR within heterodimers, whereas offering multiple strategies for the assembly of the transcription complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Remec Pavlin
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 and
| | - Joseph S Brunzelle
- the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Collaborative Access Team, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Elias J Fernandez
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 and
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45
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Influence of domain interactions on conformational mobility of the progesterone receptor detected by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Structure 2014; 22:961-73. [PMID: 24909783 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Structural and functional details of the N-terminal activation function 1 (AF1) of most nuclear receptors are poorly understood due to the highly dynamic intrinsically disordered nature of this domain. A hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) mass-spectrometry-based investigation of TATA box-binding protein (TBP) interaction with various domains of progesterone receptor (PR) demonstrate that agonist-bound PR interaction with TBP via AF1 impacts the mobility of the C-terminal AF2. Results from HDX and other biophysical studies involving agonist- and antagonist-bound full-length PR and isolated PR domains reveal the molecular mechanism underlying synergistic transcriptional activation mediated by AF1 and AF2, dominance of PR-B isoform over PR-A, and the necessity of AF2 for full AF1-mediated transcriptional activity. These results provide a comprehensive picture elaborating the underlying mechanism of PR-TBP interactions as a model for studying nuclear receptor (NR)-transcription factor functional interactions.
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Abstract
Nuclear Retinoic Acid receptors (RARs) consist of three subtypes, α, β, and γ, encoded by separate genes. They function as ligand-dependent transcriptional regulators, forming heterodimers with Retinoid X receptors (RXRs). RARs mediate the effects of retinoic acid (RA), the active metabolite of Vitamin A, and regulate many biological functions such as embryonic development, organogenesis, homeostasis, vision, immune functions, and reproduction. During the two last decades, a number of in-depth structure-function relationship studies have been performed, in particular with drug design perspectives in the therapeutics for cancer, dermatology, metabolic disease, and other human diseases. Recent structural results concerning integral receptors in diverse functional states, obtained using a combination of different methods, allow a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in molecular regulation. The structural data highlight the importance of DNA sequences for binding selectivity and the role of promoter response elements in the spatial organization of the protein domains into functional complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Rochel
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France,
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Simons SS, Edwards DP, Kumar R. Minireview: dynamic structures of nuclear hormone receptors: new promises and challenges. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 28:173-82. [PMID: 24284822 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of nuclear receptors (NRs) is presently restricted due to 2 constraints: 1) a limited knowledge of the structural dynamics of intact receptor when complexed to DNA and coregulatory proteins; and 2) the inability to more selectively modulate NR actions at specific organ/gene targets. A major obstacle has been the current lack of understanding about the function and structure of the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain that contains a major regulatory transcriptional activation function (AF1). Current studies of both mechanism of action and small molecule-selective receptor modulators for clinical uses target the structured pocket of the ligand-binding domain to modulate coregulatory protein interactions with the other activation function AF2. However, these approaches overlook AF1 activity. Recent studies have shown that highly flexible intrinsically disordered regions of transcription factors, including that of the N-terminal domain AF1 of NRs, not only are critical for several aspects of NR action but also can be exploited as drug targets, thereby opening unique opportunities for endocrine-based therapies. In this review article, we discuss the role of structural flexibilities in the allosteric modulation of NR activity and future perspectives for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stoney Simons
- Steroid Hormones Section (S.S.S.), Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Departments of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Pathology & Immunology (D.P.E.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Department of Basic Sciences (R.K.), The Commonwealth Medical College, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18510
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Kumar R, Moure CM, Khan SH, Callaway C, Grimm SL, Goswami D, Griffin PR, Edwards DP. Regulation of the structurally dynamic N-terminal domain of progesterone receptor by protein-induced folding. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:30285-30299. [PMID: 23995840 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.491787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-terminal domain (NTD) of steroid receptors harbors a transcriptional activation function (AF1) that is composed of an intrinsically disordered polypeptide. We examined the interaction of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) with the NTD of the progesterone receptor (PR) and its ability to regulate AF1 activity through coupled folding and binding. As assessed by solution phase biophysical methods, the isolated NTD of PR contains a large content of random coil, and it is capable of adopting secondary α-helical structure and more stable tertiary folding either in the presence of the natural osmolyte trimethylamine-N-oxide or through a direct interaction with TBP. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled with mass spectrometry confirmed the highly dynamic intrinsically disordered property of the NTD within the context of full-length PR. Deletion mapping and point mutagenesis defined a region of the NTD (amino acids 350-428) required for structural folding in response to TBP interaction. Overexpression of TBP in cells enhanced transcriptional activity mediated by the PR NTD, and deletion mutations showed that a region (amino acids 327-428), similar to that required for TBP-induced folding, was required for functional response. TBP also increased steroid receptor co-activator 1 (SRC-1) interaction with the PR NTD and cooperated with SRC-1 to stimulate NTD-dependent transcriptional activity. These data suggest that TBP can mediate structural reorganization of the NTD to facilitate the binding of co-activators required for maximal transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- the Department of Basic Sciences, Commonwealth Medical College, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18509
| | - Carmen M Moure
- From the Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and
| | - Shagufta H Khan
- the Department of Basic Sciences, Commonwealth Medical College, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18509
| | | | - Sandra L Grimm
- From the Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and
| | - Devrishi Goswami
- the Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, and
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- the Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, and
| | - Dean P Edwards
- From the Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and; Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030,.
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Kalodimos C. Regulation of Biological Function by Allosteric Interactions. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:2277-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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