1
|
Huang J, Tiu AC, Jose PA, Yang J. Sorting nexins: role in the regulation of blood pressure. FEBS J 2023; 290:600-619. [PMID: 34847291 PMCID: PMC9149145 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sorting nexins (SNXs) are a family of proteins that regulate cellular cargo sorting and trafficking, maintain intracellular protein homeostasis, and participate in intracellular signaling. SNXs are also important in the regulation of blood pressure via several mechanisms. Aberrant expression and dysfunction of SNXs participate in the dysregulation of blood pressure. Genetic studies show a correlation between SNX gene variants and the response to antihypertensive drugs. In this review, we summarize the progress in SNX-mediated regulation of blood pressure, discuss the potential role of SNXs in the pathophysiology and treatment of hypertension, and propose novel strategies for the medical therapy of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 410020, P.R. China
| | - Andrew C. Tiu
- Department of Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 410020, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Proteomic identification and structural basis for the interaction between sorting nexin SNX17 and PDLIM family proteins. Structure 2022; 30:1590-1602.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
3
|
Comin HB, Sollero BP, Gapar EB, Domingues R, Cardoso FF. Genome-wide association study of resistance/susceptibility to infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in Brazilian Hereford cattle. Anim Genet 2021; 52:881-886. [PMID: 34636442 DOI: 10.1111/age.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies were conducted to identify the more informative genomic regions and SNPs, as well as to identify candidate genes associated with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) resistance/susceptibility in Hereford cattle. A Bayes B statistical approach was initially applied in genome-wide association studies by using deregressed estimated breeding values for IBK resistance/susceptibility. To estimate the combined effect of a genomic region that is potentially associated with QTL, 2504 non-overlapping 1-Mb windows that varied in SNP number were defined, with the most informative 24 windows including 427 SNPs and explaining more than 20% of the estimated genetic variance for IBK resistance/susceptibility. These regions were explored with respect to their biological functions through functional analysis to map potential candidate genes. The significant SNPs were mapped on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 20, 23, and 28, and candidate genes were detected as related to the IBK. Most informative SNPs in term of genetic variance were located in proximity of genes related to phenotypic expression of lesions and biological processes associated to the IBK. Knowledge about phenotypic and genomic variation generated in the present study can be used to on design selection strategies to improve the resistance to IBK of Hereford cattle herds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H B Comin
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Husbandry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 96160-000, Brazil.,CNPq scholar, Brasília, 71605-001, Brazil
| | - B P Sollero
- Embrapa Pecuária Sul, Bagé, 96401-970, Brazil
| | - E B Gapar
- Embrapa Pecuária Sul, Bagé, 96401-970, Brazil
| | - R Domingues
- Embrapa Pecuária Sul, Bagé, 96401-970, Brazil
| | - F F Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Husbandry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 96160-000, Brazil.,CNPq scholar, Brasília, 71605-001, Brazil.,Embrapa Pecuária Sul, Bagé, 96401-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
SNX27-FERM-SNX1 complex structure rationalizes divergent trafficking pathways by SNX17 and SNX27. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105510118. [PMID: 34462354 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105510118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular events that determine the recycling versus degradation fates of internalized membrane proteins remain poorly understood. Two of the three members of the SNX-FERM family, SNX17 and SNX31, utilize their FERM domain to mediate endocytic trafficking of cargo proteins harboring the NPxY/NxxY motif. In contrast, SNX27 does not recycle NPxY/NxxY-containing cargo but instead recycles cargo containing PDZ-binding motifs via its PDZ domain. The underlying mechanism governing this divergence in FERM domain binding is poorly understood. Here, we report that the FERM domain of SNX27 is functionally distinct from SNX17 and interacts with a novel DLF motif localized within the N terminus of SNX1/2 instead of the NPxY/NxxY motif in cargo proteins. The SNX27-FERM-SNX1 complex structure reveals that the DLF motif of SNX1 binds to a hydrophobic cave surrounded by positively charged residues on the surface of SNX27. The interaction between SNX27 and SNX1/2 is critical for efficient SNX27 recruitment to endosomes and endocytic recycling of multiple cargoes. Finally, we show that the interaction between SNX27 and SNX1/2 is critical for brain development in zebrafish. Altogether, our study solves a long-standing puzzle in the field and suggests that SNX27 and SNX17 mediate endocytic recycling through fundamentally distinct mechanisms.
Collapse
|
5
|
Vieira N, Rito T, Correia-Neves M, Sousa N. Sorting Out Sorting Nexins Functions in the Nervous System in Health and Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4070-4106. [PMID: 33931804 PMCID: PMC8280035 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a fundamental process that controls protein/lipid composition of the plasma membrane, thereby shaping cellular metabolism, sensing, adhesion, signaling, and nutrient uptake. Endocytosis is essential for the cell to adapt to its surrounding environment, and a tight regulation of the endocytic mechanisms is required to maintain cell function and survival. This is particularly significant in the central nervous system (CNS), where composition of neuronal cell surface is crucial for synaptic functioning. In fact, distinct pathologies of the CNS are tightly linked to abnormal endolysosomal function, and several genome wide association analysis (GWAS) and biochemical studies have identified intracellular trafficking regulators as genetic risk factors for such pathologies. The sorting nexins (SNXs) are a family of proteins involved in protein trafficking regulation and signaling. SNXs dysregulation occurs in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Down’s syndrome (DS), schizophrenia, ataxia and epilepsy, among others, establishing clear roles for this protein family in pathology. Interestingly, restoration of SNXs levels has been shown to trigger synaptic plasticity recovery in a DS mouse model. This review encompasses an historical and evolutionary overview of SNXs protein family, focusing on its organization, phyla conservation, and evolution throughout the development of the nervous system during speciation. We will also survey SNXs molecular interactions and highlight how defects on SNXs underlie distinct pathologies of the CNS. Ultimately, we discuss possible strategies of intervention, surveying how our knowledge about the fundamental processes regulated by SNXs can be applied to the identification of novel therapeutic avenues for SNXs-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neide Vieira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Rito
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Samarelli AV, Ziegler T, Meves A, Fässler R, Böttcher RT. Rabgap1 promotes recycling of active β1 integrins to support effective cell migration. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs243683. [PMID: 32843574 PMCID: PMC7522031 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin function depends on the continuous internalization of integrins and their subsequent endosomal recycling to the plasma membrane to drive adhesion dynamics, cell migration and invasion. Here we assign a pivotal role for Rabgap1 (GAPCenA) in the recycling of endocytosed active β1 integrins to the plasma membrane. The phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain of Rabgap1 binds to the membrane-proximal NPxY motif in the cytoplasmic domain of β1 integrin subunits on endosomes. Silencing Rabgap1 in mouse fibroblasts leads to the intracellular accumulation of active β1 integrins, alters focal adhesion formation, and decreases cell migration and cancer cell invasion. Functionally, Rabgap1 facilitates active β1 integrin recycling to the plasma membrane through attenuation of Rab11 activity. Taken together, our results identify Rabgap1 as an important factor for conformation-specific integrin trafficking and define the role of Rabgap1 in β1-integrin-mediated cell migration in mouse fibroblasts and breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Samarelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tilman Ziegler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alexander Meves
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ralph T Böttcher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- DZHK - German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
González-Mancha N, Mérida I. Interplay Between SNX27 and DAG Metabolism in the Control of Trafficking and Signaling at the IS. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124254. [PMID: 32549284 PMCID: PMC7352468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of antigens displayed on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) by T-cell receptors (TCR) of a T lymphocyte leads to the formation of a specialized contact between both cells named the immune synapse (IS). This highly organized structure ensures cell–cell communication and sustained T-cell activation. An essential lipid regulating T-cell activation is diacylglycerol (DAG), which accumulates at the cell–cell interface and mediates recruitment and activation of proteins involved in signaling and polarization. Formation of the IS requires rearrangement of the cytoskeleton, translocation of the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) and vesicular compartments, and reorganization of signaling and adhesion molecules within the cell–cell junction. Among the multiple players involved in this polarized intracellular trafficking, we find sorting nexin 27 (SNX27). This protein translocates to the T cell–APC interface upon TCR activation, and it is suggested to facilitate the transport of cargoes toward this structure. Furthermore, its interaction with diacylglycerol kinase ζ (DGKζ), a negative regulator of DAG, sustains the precise modulation of this lipid and, thus, facilitates IS organization and signaling. Here, we review the role of SNX27, DAG metabolism, and their interplay in the control of T-cell activation and establishment of the IS.
Collapse
|
8
|
Weeratunga S, Paul B, Collins BM. Recognising the signals for endosomal trafficking. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 65:17-27. [PMID: 32155566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endosomal compartment is a major sorting station controlling the balance between endocytic recycling and lysosomal degradation, and its homeostasis is emerging as a central factor in various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Membrane trafficking is generally coordinated by the recognition of specific signals in transmembrane protein cargos by different transport machineries. A number of different protein trafficking complexes are essential for sequence-specific recognition and retrieval of endosomal cargos, recycling them to other compartments and acting to counter-balance the default endosomal sorting complex required for transport-mediated degradation pathway. In this review, we provide a summary of the key endosomal transport machineries, and the molecular mechanisms by which different cargo sequences are specifically recognised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saroja Weeratunga
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Blessy Paul
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Brett M Collins
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors ensuring the mechanical connection between cells and the extracellular matrix. In addition to the anchorage of cells to the extracellular matrix, these receptors have critical functions in intracellular signaling, but are also taking center stage in many physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we provide some historical, structural, and physiological notes so that the diverse functions of these receptors can be appreciated and put into the context of the emerging field of mechanobiology. We propose that the exciting journey of the exploration of these receptors will continue for at least another new generation of researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bachmann
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Sampo Kukkurainen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Klose M, Salloum JE, Gonschior H, Linder S. SNX3 drives maturation of Borrelia phagosomes by forming a hub for PI(3)P, Rab5a, and galectin-9. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3039-3059. [PMID: 31337623 PMCID: PMC6719455 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201812106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease. Klose et al. show that SNX3 drives processing of internalized B. burgdorferi by binding PI(3)P on the phagosome surface and recruiting galectin-9 vesicles, thus forming a convergence point for the endosomal recycling machinery during processing of spirochetes. The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is internalized by macrophages and processed in phagolysosomes. Phagosomal compaction, a crucial step in phagolysosome maturation, is driven by contact of Rab5a-positive vesicles with the phagosomal coat. We show that the sorting nexin SNX3 is transported with Rab5a vesicles and that its PX domain enables vesicle–phagosome contact by binding to PI(3)P in the phagosomal coat. Moreover, the C-terminal region of SNX3 recruits galectin-9, a lectin implicated in protein and membrane recycling, which we identify as a further regulator of phagosome compaction. SNX3 thus forms a hub for two distinct vesicle populations, constituting a convergence point for the endosomal recycling machinery, to contribute to phagosome maturation and intracellular processing of borreliae. These data also suggest that the helical shape of B. burgdorferi itself, providing sites of high curvature and thus local PI(3)P enrichment at phagosomes, may be one of the driving elements underlying the efficient elimination of spirochetes by immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Klose
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johann E Salloum
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Linder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Soto-Ribeiro M, Kastberger B, Bachmann M, Azizi L, Fouad K, Jacquier MC, Boettiger D, Bouvard D, Bastmeyer M, Hytönen VP, Wehrle-Haller B. β1D integrin splice variant stabilizes integrin dynamics and reduces integrin signaling by limiting paxillin recruitment. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.224493. [PMID: 30890648 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.224493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterodimeric integrin receptors control cell adhesion, migration and extracellular matrix assembly. While the α integrin subunit determines extracellular ligand specificity, the β integrin chain binds to an acidic residue of the ligand, and cytoplasmic adapter protein families such as talins, kindlins and paxillin, to form mechanosensing cell matrix adhesions. Alternative splicing of the β1 integrin cytoplasmic tail creates ubiquitously expressed β1A, and the heart and skeletal muscle-specific β1D form. To study the physiological difference between these forms, we developed fluorescent β1 integrins and analyzed their dynamics, localization, and cytoplasmic adapter recruitment and effects on cell proliferation. On fibronectin, GFP-tagged β1A integrin showed dynamic exchange in peripheral focal adhesions, and long, central fibrillar adhesions. In contrast, GFP-β1D integrins exchanged slowly, forming immobile and short central adhesions. While adhesion recruitment of GFP-β1A integrin was sensitive to C-terminal tail mutagenesis, GFP-β1D integrin was recruited independently of the distal NPXY motif. In addition, a P786A mutation in the proximal, talin-binding NPXY783 motif switched β1D to a highly dynamic integrin. In contrast, the inverse A786P mutation in β1A integrin interfered with paxillin recruitment and proliferation. Thus, differential β1 integrin splicing controls integrin-dependent adhesion signaling, to adapt to the specific physiological needs of differentiated muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martinho Soto-Ribeiro
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Kastberger
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.,Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Latifeh Azizi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Kenza Fouad
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Claude Jacquier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - David Boettiger
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Bouvard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Bioscience, INSERM U823, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Endosomal Retrieval of Cargo: Retromer Is Not Alone. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:807-822. [PMID: 30072228 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Endosomes are major protein sorting stations in cells. Endosomally localised multi-protein complexes sort integral proteins, including signaling receptors, nutrient transporters, adhesion molecules, and lysosomal hydrolase receptors, for lysosomal degradation or conversely for retrieval and subsequent recycling to various membrane compartments. Correct endosomal sorting of these proteins is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, with defects in endosomal sorting implicated in various human pathologies including neurodegenerative disorders. Retromer, an ancient multi-protein complex, is essential for the retrieval and recycling of hundreds of transmembrane proteins. While retromer is a major player in endosomal retrieval and recycling, several studies have recently identified retrieval mechanisms that are independent of retromer. Here, we review endosomal retrieval complexes, with a focus on recently discovered retromer-independent mechanisms.
Collapse
|
13
|
Mygind KJ, Störiko T, Freiberg ML, Samsøe-Petersen J, Schwarz J, Andersen OM, Kveiborg M. Sorting nexin 9 (SNX9) regulates levels of the transmembrane ADAM9 at the cell surface. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8077-8088. [PMID: 29622675 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAM9 is an active member of the family of transmembrane ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteases). It plays a role in processes such as bone formation and retinal neovascularization, and importantly, its expression in human cancers correlates with disease stage and poor prognosis. Functionally, ADAM9 can cleave several transmembrane proteins, thereby shedding their ectodomains from the cell surface. Moreover, ADAM9 regulates cell behavior by binding cell-surface receptors such as integrin and membrane-type matrix metalloproteases. Because these functions are mainly restricted to the cell surface, understanding the mechanisms regulating ADAM9 localization and activity at this site is highly important. To this end, we here investigated how intracellular trafficking regulates ADAM9 availability at the cell surface. We found that ADAM9 undergoes constitutive clathrin-dependent internalization and subsequent degradation or recycling to the plasma membrane. We confirmed previous findings of an interaction between ADAM9 and the intracellular sorting protein, sorting nexin 9 (SNX9), as well as its close homolog SNX18. Knockdown of either SNX9 or SNX18 had no apparent effects on ADAM9 internalization or recycling. However, double knockdown of SNX9 and SNX18 decreased ADAM9 internalization significantly, demonstrating a redundant role in this process. Moreover, SNX9 knockdown revealed a nonredundant effect on overall ADAM9 protein levels, resulting in increased ADAM9 levels at the cell surface, and a corresponding increase in the shedding of Ephrin receptor B4, a well-known ADAM9 substrate. Together, our findings demonstrate that intracellular SNX9-mediated trafficking constitutes an important ADAM9 regulatory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasper J Mygind
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Theresa Störiko
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Marie L Freiberg
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jacob Samsøe-Petersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Schwarz
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Olav M Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE-Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marie Kveiborg
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
McNally KE, Faulkner R, Steinberg F, Gallon M, Ghai R, Pim D, Langton P, Pearson N, Danson CM, Nägele H, Morris LL, Singla A, Overlee BL, Heesom KJ, Sessions R, Banks L, Collins BM, Berger I, Billadeau DD, Burstein E, Cullen PJ. Retriever is a multiprotein complex for retromer-independent endosomal cargo recycling. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:1214-1225. [PMID: 28892079 PMCID: PMC5790113 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Following endocytosis into the endosomal network, integral membrane proteins undergo sorting for lysosomal degradation or are retrieved and recycled back to the cell surface. Here we describe the discovery of an ancient and conserved multiprotein complex that orchestrates cargo retrieval and recycling and, importantly, is biochemically and functionally distinct from the established retromer pathway. We have called this complex 'retriever'; it is a heterotrimer composed of DSCR3, C16orf62 and VPS29, and bears striking similarity to retromer. We establish that retriever associates with the cargo adaptor sorting nexin 17 (SNX17) and couples to CCC (CCDC93, CCDC22, COMMD) and WASH complexes to prevent lysosomal degradation and promote cell surface recycling of α5β1 integrin. Through quantitative proteomic analysis, we identify over 120 cell surface proteins, including numerous integrins, signalling receptors and solute transporters, that require SNX17-retriever to maintain their surface levels. Our identification of retriever establishes a major endosomal retrieval and recycling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie E McNally
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Rebecca Faulkner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Florian Steinberg
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert Ludwigs Universitaet Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Gallon
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Rajesh Ghai
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David Pim
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paul Langton
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Neil Pearson
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Chris M Danson
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Heike Nägele
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert Ludwigs Universitaet Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lindsey L Morris
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Amika Singla
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Brittany L Overlee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Kate J Heesom
- Proteomics Facility, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Richard Sessions
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Lawrence Banks
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Brett M Collins
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Imre Berger
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Peter J Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tello-Lafoz M, Martínez-Martínez G, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Albar JP, Huse M, Gharbi S, Merida I. Sorting nexin 27 interactome in T-lymphocytes identifies zona occludens-2 dynamic redistribution at the immune synapse. Traffic 2017; 18:491-504. [PMID: 28477369 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
T Lymphocyte recognition of antigens leads to the formation of a highly organized structure termed immune synapse (IS) by analogy with the neuronals synapse. Sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) controls the endosomal traffic of PSD95, Dlg1, ZO-1 (PDZ) domain-interacting proteins, and its alteration is associated with impaired synaptic function and neurological diseases. In T-lymphocytes, SNX27-positive vesicles polarize to the IS, the identity of SNX27 interactors in these conditions nonetheless remains unknown. Here we used proteomics to analyze the SNX27 interactome purified from IS-forming T cells, and confirmed the conserved nature of the SNX27/WASH/retromer association in hematopoietic cells. Furthermore, our comparative interactome analysis of SNX27 wild-type and a mutant-deficient for PDZ cargo recognition identified the epithelial cell-cell junction protein zona occludens-2 (ZO-2) as an IS component. Biochemistry and microscopy approaches in T cells confirmed SNX27/ZO-2 PDZ-dependent interaction, and demonstrated its role controlling the dynamic localization of ZO-2 at the IS. This study broadens our knowledge of SNX27 function in T lymphocytes, and suggests that pathways that delimit polarized structures in nervous and epithelial systems also participate in IS regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Tello-Lafoz
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Martínez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Pablo Albar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - Severine Gharbi
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Merida
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Integrins are a family of heterodimeric receptors that bind to components of the extracellular matrix and influence cellular processes as varied as proliferation and migration. These effects are achieved by tight spatiotemporal control over intracellular signalling pathways, including those that mediate cytoskeletal reorganisation. The ability of integrins to bind to ligands is governed by integrin conformation, or activity, and this is widely acknowledged to be an important route to the regulation of integrin function. Over the last 15 years, however, the pathways that regulate endocytosis and recycling of integrins have emerged as major players in controlling integrin action, and studying integrin trafficking has revealed fresh insight into the function of this fascinating class of extracellular matrix receptors, in particular in the context of cell migration and invasion. Here, we review our current understanding of the contribution of integrin trafficking to cell motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki R Paul
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ghai R, Tello-Lafoz M, Norwood SJ, Yang Z, Clairfeuille T, Teasdale RD, Mérida I, Collins BM. Phosphoinositide binding by the SNX27 FERM domain regulates its localization at the immune synapse of activated T-cells. J Cell Sci 2016; 128:553-65. [PMID: 25472716 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.158204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) controls the endosomal-to-cell-surface recycling of diverse transmembrane protein cargos. Crucial to this function is the recruitment of SNX27 to endosomes which is mediated by the binding of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) by its phox homology (PX) domain. In T-cells, SNX27 localizes to the immunological synapse in an activation-dependent manner, but the molecular mechanisms underlying SNX27 translocation remain to be clarified. Here, we examined the phosphoinositide-lipid-binding capabilities of full-length SNX27, and discovered a new PtdInsP-binding site within the C-terminal 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain. This binding site showed a clear preference for bi- and tri-phosphorylated phophoinositides, and the interaction was confirmed through biophysical, mutagenesis and modeling approaches. At the immunological synapse of activated T-cells, cell signaling regulates phosphoinositide dynamics, and we find that perturbing phosphoinositide binding by the SNX27 FERM domain alters the SNX27 distribution in both endosomal recycling compartments and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-enriched domains of the plasma membrane during synapse formation. Our results suggest that SNX27 undergoes dynamic partitioning between different membrane domains during immunological synapse assembly, and underscore the contribution of unique lipid interactions for SNX27 orchestration of cargo trafficking.
Collapse
|
18
|
Marat AL, Haucke V. Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphates-at the interface between cell signalling and membrane traffic. EMBO J 2016; 35:561-79. [PMID: 26888746 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) form a minor class of phospholipids with crucial functions in cell physiology, ranging from cell signalling and motility to a role as signposts of compartmental membrane identity. Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphates are present at the plasma membrane and within the endolysosomal system, where they serve as key regulators of both cell signalling and of intracellular membrane traffic. Here, we provide an overview of the metabolic pathways that regulate cellular synthesis of PI 3-phosphates at distinct intracellular sites and discuss the mechanisms by which these lipids regulate cell signalling and membrane traffic. Finally, we provide a framework for how PI 3-phosphate metabolism is integrated into the cellular network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Marat
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved endosomal retromer complex rescues transmembrane proteins from the lysosomal degradative pathway and facilitates their recycling to other cellular compartments. Retromer functions in conjunction with numerous associated proteins, including select members of the sorting nexin (SNX) family. In the present article, we review the molecular architecture and cellular roles of retromer and its various functional partners. The endosomal network is a crucial hub in the trafficking of proteins through the cellular endomembrane system. Transmembrane proteins, here termed cargos, enter endosomes by endocytosis from the plasma membrane or by trafficking from the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Endosomal cargo proteins face one of the two fates: retention in the endosome, leading ultimately to lysosomal degradation or export from the endosome for reuse ('recycling'). The balance of protein degradation and recycling is crucial to cellular homoeostasis; inappropriate sorting of proteins to either fate leads to cellular dysfunction. Retromer is an endosome-membrane-associated protein complex central to the recycling of many cargo proteins from endosomes, both to the TGN and the plasma membrane (and other specialized compartments, e.g. lysosome-related organelles). Retromer function is reliant on a number of proteins from the SNX family. In the present article, we discuss this inter-relationship and how defects in retromer function are increasingly being linked with human disease.
Collapse
|
20
|
Iwamoto DV, Calderwood DA. Regulation of integrin-mediated adhesions. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2015; 36:41-7. [PMID: 26189062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane adhesion receptors that couple the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular environment and bidirectionally relay signals across the cell membrane. These processes are critical for cell attachment, migration, differentiation, and survival, and therefore play essential roles in metazoan development, physiology, and pathology. Integrin-mediated adhesions are regulated by diverse factors, including the conformation-specific affinities of integrin receptors for their extracellular ligands, the clustering of integrins and their intracellular binding partners into discrete adhesive structures, mechanical forces exerted on the adhesion, and the intracellular trafficking of integrins themselves. Recent advances shed light onto how the interaction of specific intracellular proteins with the short cytoplasmic tails of integrins controls each of these activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V Iwamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chi RJ, Harrison MS, Burd CG. Biogenesis of endosome-derived transport carriers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3441-3455. [PMID: 26022064 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sorting of macromolecules within the endosomal system is vital for physiological control of nutrient homeostasis, cell motility, and proteostasis. Trafficking routes that export macromolecules from the endosome via vesicle and tubule transport carriers constitute plasma membrane recycling and retrograde endosome-to-Golgi pathways. Proteins of the sorting nexin family have been discovered to function at nearly every step of endosomal transport carrier biogenesis and it is becoming increasingly clear that they form the core machineries of cargo-specific transport pathways that are closely integrated with cellular physiology. Here, we summarize recent progress in elucidating the pathways that mediate the biogenesis of endosome-derived transport carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Chi
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, SHM C425B, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Megan S Harrison
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, SHM C425B, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christopher G Burd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, SHM C425B, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tello-Lafoz M, Ghai R, Collins B, Mérida I. A role for novel lipid interactions in the dynamic recruitment of SNX27 to the T-cell immune synapse. BIOARCHITECTURE 2015; 4:215-20. [PMID: 25996807 DOI: 10.1080/19490992.2015.1031950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SNX27 is a member of the sorting nexin family that plays an important role in the recycling of receptors from endosomes to the cell surface. In addition to a PX (Phox homology) domain that regulates its endosomal localization, SNX27 has a unique PDZ (Psd-95/Dlg/ZO1) domain and an atypical FERM (4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin) domain that both function to bind short peptide sequence motifs in the cytoplasmic domains of the cargo receptors. Using the T cell immune synapse (IS) as a model for polarized protein recycling, we recently identified an additional mechanism that enhances SNX27 localization to the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC). Our study defined a phosphoinositide (PI) lipid-binding site within the SNX27 FERM domain, with a clear preference for bi- and triphosphorylated PIs, which may promote SNX27 localization to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) and/or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-enriched membrane domains. Using fluorescently tagged lipid-binding probes, we studied the kinetics of distinct PIs in living T cells during IS formation. Our results suggest that PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 accumulates at the contact site simultaneously with early SNX27 recruitment to the plasma membrane (PM), and this is partly controlled by by lipid binding through the FERM domain. These studies define 2 independent binding sites for PtdIns-derived lipids in SNX27, that contribute to the dynamic recruitment of SNX27 to distinct membranes during T cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Tello-Lafoz
- a Lipid Signaling Laboratory ; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)/CSIC ; Madrid , Spain
| | - Rajesh Ghai
- b Institute for Molecular Bioscience ; The University of Queensland ; St. Lucia , Australia.,c Current address: The School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Brett Collins
- b Institute for Molecular Bioscience ; The University of Queensland ; St. Lucia , Australia
| | - Isabel Mérida
- a Lipid Signaling Laboratory ; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)/CSIC ; Madrid , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Osborne DG, Piotrowski JT, Dick CJ, Zhang JS, Billadeau DD. SNX17 affects T cell activation by regulating TCR and integrin recycling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4555-66. [PMID: 25825439 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A key component in T cell activation is the endosomal recycling of receptors to the cell surface, thereby allowing continual integration of signaling and Ag recognition. One protein potentially involved in TCR transport is sorting nexin 17 (SNX17). SNX proteins have been found to bind proteins involved in T cell activation, but specifically the role of SNX17 in receptor recycling and T cell activation is unknown. Using immunofluorescence, we find that SNX17 colocalizes with TCR and localizes to the immune synapse in T- conjugates. Significantly, knockdown of the SNX17 resulted in fewer T-APC conjugates, lower CD69, TCR, and LFA-1 surface expression, as well as lower overall TCR recycling compared with control T cells. Lastly, we identified the 4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin domain of SNX17 as being responsible in the binding and trafficking of TCR and LFA-1 to the cell surface. These data suggest that SNX17 plays a role in the maintenance of normal surface levels of activating receptors and integrins to permit optimum T cell activation at the immune synapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Osborne
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905; andDivision of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Joshua T Piotrowski
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905; andDivision of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Christopher J Dick
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905; andDivision of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905; andDivision of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905; andDivision of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Integrins are a family of transmembrane cell surface molecules that constitute the principal adhesion receptors for the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are indispensable for the existence of multicellular organisms. In vertebrates, 24 different integrin heterodimers exist with differing substrate specificity and tissue expression. Integrin–extracellular-ligand interaction provides a physical anchor for the cell and triggers a vast array of intracellular signalling events that determine cell fate. Dynamic remodelling of adhesions, through rapid endocytic and exocytic trafficking of integrin receptors, is an important mechanism employed by cells to regulate integrin–ECM interactions, and thus cellular signalling, during processes such as cell migration, invasion and cytokinesis. The initial concept of integrin traffic as a means to translocate adhesion receptors within the cell has now been expanded with the growing appreciation that traffic is intimately linked to the cell signalling apparatus. Furthermore, endosomal pathways are emerging as crucial regulators of integrin stability and expression in cells. Thus, integrin traffic is relevant in a number of pathological conditions, especially in cancer. Nearly a decade ago we wrote a Commentary in Journal of Cell Science entitled ‘Integrin traffic’. With the advances in the field, we felt it would be appropriate to provide the growing number of researchers interested in integrin traffic with an update.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hellyeh Hamidi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Jonna Alanko
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Pranshu Sahgal
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku 20521, Finland
| |
Collapse
|