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Farzam SA, Darabi S, Haghdoost-Yazdi H, Zaferani Y. Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 adrenoceptors agonist, provides a neuroprotective effect for dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and attenuates glucose imbalance in the 6-hydroxydopamine animal model of Parkinson's disease. Neurol Res 2024; 46:763-771. [PMID: 38740025 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2024.2354084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have shown that dexmedetomidine (DEX, an a2-adrenoceptors agonist) provides a neuroprotective effect and influences blood glucose levels. Here, we evaluated the effect of prolonged treatment with low doses of DEX on the survival rate of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra and also serum glucose levels in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) - induced Parkinson's disease (PD) in the rat. MATERIAL AND METHODS The neurotoxin of 6-OHDA was injected into the medial forebrain bundle by stereotaxic surgery. DEX (25 and 50 µg/kg, i.p) and yohimbine, an a2-adrenoceptor antagonist (1 mg/kg, i.p) were administered before the surgery to the 13 weeks afterward. Apomorphine-induced rotational tests and blood sampling were carried out before the surgery and multiple weeks after that. Thirteen weeks after the surgery, the rats' brain was transcardially perfused to assess the survival rate of DAergic neurons using the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry. RESULTS DEX remarkably attenuated the severity of rotational behavior and reversed the progress of the PD. It also increased the number of TH-labeled neurons by up to 60%. The serum glucose levels in 6-OHDA-received rats did not change in the third and seventh weeks after the surgery but decreased significantly in the thirteenth week. Treatment with DEX prevented this decrement in glucose levels. On the other hand, Treatment with yohimbine did not affect PD symptoms and glucose levels. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that DEX through neuroprotective activity attenuates the severity of 6-OHDA-induced PD in rats. DEX might also prevent hypoglycemia during the progress of the PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Amir Farzam
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Shahram Darabi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hashem Haghdoost-Yazdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Yasamin Zaferani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Sun L, Zheng X, Che Y, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Jia L, Zhu Y, Lei W, Guo G, Shao C. Morphological changes in perisynaptic astrocytes induced by dopamine neuronal degeneration in the striatum of rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27637. [PMID: 38510046 PMCID: PMC10950654 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The typical functionality of astrocytes was previously shown to be disrupted by Parkinson's disease (PD), which actively regulates synaptic neurotransmission. However, the morphological changes in astrocytes wrapping glutamatergic synapses in the striatum after dopamine (DA) neuronal degeneration is unclear. Methods We utilized a range of methodologies, encompassing the 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA)-induced PD model, as well as techniques such as immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) to delve into the consequences of DA neuronal degeneration on the morphological attributes of perisynaptic astrocytes. Results Our findings demonstrated a notable rise in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) + astrocyte density and an upregulation in GFAP protein expression within the striatum due to DA neuronal degeneration, coincided with the enlargement, elongation, and thickening of astrocyte protuberances. However, the expression levels of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) and glutamine synthetase (GS), which are related to glutamate-glutamine cycle, were significantly reduced. Double immunofluorescence and IEM results indicated that different proportions of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGlut1)+ and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGlut2) + terminals were wrapped by astrocytes. Additionally, DA neuronal degeneration increased the percentage and area of VGlut1+ and VGlut2+ terminals wrapped by GFAP + astrocytes in the striatum. Furthermore, we noted that DA neuronal degeneration increased the percentage of VGlut1+ and VGlut2+ axo-spinous synapses wrapped by astrocytes but had no effect on axo-dendritic synapses. Conclusion Hence, perisynaptic astrocytes wrapping striatal glutamatergic synapses exhibit substantial morphological and functional alterations following DA neuronal degeneration making them a potential target for therapeutic interventions in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yichen Che
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyun Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linju Jia
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Wanlong Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunkui Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Manca E, Noli B, Corda G, El-Hassani M, Manai A, Sanna F, Argiolas A, Melis MR, Manconi B, Contini C, Cocco C. VGF modifications related to nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by the pesticide fipronil in adult male rats. Ann Anat 2024; 252:152194. [PMID: 38056781 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine is reduced in the brain of rats treated with fipronil, a broad-spectrum insecticide. VGF (no acronym) is a neurotrophin-inducible protein expressed as the 75 kDa form (precursor or pro-VGF) or its truncated peptides. VGF immunostaining has been revealed using an antibody against the C-terminal nonapeptide of the rat pro-VGF in the nerve terminals of the rat substantia nigra, where it was reduced after 6-hydroxydopamine treatment. It is unknown whether pro-VGF and/or its shortened peptides are present in these neurons. Therefore, the aim of this study was first to determine which types of VGF are expressed in the normal substantia nigra (and striatum) and then to determine VGF modulations and whether they occur in parallel with locomotor changes after fipronil injection. METHODS Rats were divided into two groups that received a unilateral intranigral infusion of either fipronil (25 µg) diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or DMSO alone, and then were tested for locomotor activity. An untreated group of rats (n=4) was used for identification of the VGF fragments using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and western blot, while changes in treated groups (fipronil vs DMSO, each n=6) were investigated by immunohistochemistry using an antibody against the rat pro-VGF C-terminal nonapeptide in parallel with the anti-tyrosine hydroxylase antibody. RESULTS In untreated rats, the VGF C-terminal antibody identified mostly a 75 kDa band in the substantia nigra and striatum, supporting the finding of high-resolution mass spectrometry, which revealed fragments covering the majority of the pro-VGF sequence. Furthermore, several shortened VGF C-terminal forms (varying from 10 to 55 kDa) were also found by western blot, while high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed a C-terminal peptide overlapping the immunogen used to create the VGF antibody in both substantia nigra and striatum. In the substantia nigra of fipronil-treated rats, immunostaining for tyrosine hydroxylase and VGF was reduced compared to DMSO-treated rat group, and this was related with significant changes in locomotor activity. CONCLUSION Fipronil has the ability to modulate the production of pro-VGF and/or its C-terminal truncated peptides in the nigrostriatal system indicating its intimate interaction with the dopaminergic neurotransmission and implying a potential function in modulating locomotor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Noli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Corda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Majda El-Hassani
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Antonio Manai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Argiolas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Contini
- Department of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Cocco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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Statz M, Schleuter F, Weber H, Kober M, Plocksties F, Timmermann D, Storch A, Fauser M. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation does not alter growth factor expression in a rat model of stable dopaminergic deficiency. Neurosci Lett 2023; 814:137459. [PMID: 37625613 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been a highly effective treatment option for mid-to-late-stage Parkinson's disease (PD) for decades. Besides direct effects on brain networks, neuroprotective effects of STN-DBS - potentially via alterations of growth factor expression levels - have been proposed as additional mechanisms of action. OBJECTIVE In the context of clarifying DBS mechanisms, we analyzed brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) levels in the basal ganglia, motor and parietal cortices, and dentate gyrus in an animal model of stable, severe dopaminergic deficiency. METHODS We applied one week of continuous unilateral STN-DBS in a group of stable 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) hemiparkinsonian rats (6-OHDASTIM) in comparison to a 6-OHDA control group (6-OHDASHAM) as well as healthy controls (CTRLSTIM and CTRLSHAM). BDNF and GDNF levels were determined via ELISAs. RESULTS The 6-OHDA lesion did not result in a persistent alteration in either BDNF or GDNF levels in a model of severe dopaminergic deficiency after completion of the dopaminergic degeneration. STN-DBS modestly increased BDNF levels in the entopeduncular nucleus, but even impaired BDNF and GDNF expression in cortical areas. CONCLUSIONS STN-DBS does not increase growth factor expression when applied to a model of completed, severe dopaminergic deficiency in contrast to other studies in models of modest and ongoing dopaminergic degeneration. In healthy controls, STN-DBS does not influence BDNF or GDNF expression. We consider these findings relevant for clinical purposes since DBS in PD is usually applied late in the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Statz
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Frederike Schleuter
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hanna Weber
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Maria Kober
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Franz Plocksties
- Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 26, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Timmermann
- Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 26, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany; German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mareike Fauser
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany.
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Boi L, Fisone G. Investigating affective neuropsychiatric symptoms in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 174:119-186. [PMID: 38341228 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Affective neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and apathy are among the most frequent non-motor symptoms observed in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). These conditions often emerge during the prodromal phase of the disease and are generally considered to result from neurodegenerative processes in meso-corticolimbic structures, occurring in parallel to the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Depression, anxiety, and apathy are often treated with conventional medications, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and dopaminergic agonists. The ability of these pharmacological interventions to consistently counteract such neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD is still relatively limited and the development of reliable experimental models represents an important tool to identify more effective treatments. This chapter provides information on rodent models of PD utilized to study these affective neuropsychiatric symptoms. Neurotoxin-based and genetic models are discussed, together with the main behavioral tests utilized to identify depression- and anxiety-like behaviors, anhedonia, and apathy. The ability of various therapeutic approaches to counteract the symptoms observed in the various models is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Boi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Andreska T, Lüningschrör P, Wolf D, McFleder RL, Ayon-Olivas M, Rattka M, Drechsler C, Perschin V, Blum R, Aufmkolk S, Granado N, Moratalla R, Sauer M, Monoranu C, Volkmann J, Ip CW, Stigloher C, Sendtner M. DRD1 signaling modulates TrkB turnover and BDNF sensitivity in direct pathway striatal medium spiny neurons. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112575. [PMID: 37252844 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbed motor control is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Cortico-striatal synapses play a central role in motor learning and adaption, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from cortico-striatal afferents modulates their plasticity via TrkB in striatal medium spiny projection neurons (SPNs). We studied the role of dopamine in modulating the sensitivity of direct pathway SPNs (dSPNs) to BDNF in cultures of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-enriched D1-expressing SPNs and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-treated rats. DRD1 activation causes enhanced TrkB translocation to the cell surface and increased sensitivity for BDNF. In contrast, dopamine depletion in cultured dSPN neurons, 6-OHDA-treated rats, and postmortem brain of patients with PD reduces BDNF responsiveness and causes formation of intracellular TrkB clusters. These clusters associate with sortilin related VPS10 domain containing receptor 2 (SORCS-2) in multivesicular-like structures, which apparently protects them from lysosomal degradation. Thus, impaired TrkB processing might contribute to disturbed motor function in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Andreska
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lüningschrör
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Wolf
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Rhonda L McFleder
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maurilyn Ayon-Olivas
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marta Rattka
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christine Drechsler
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Veronika Perschin
- Imaging Core Facility of the Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Blum
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Aufmkolk
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Noelia Granado
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Camelia Monoranu
- Department for Neuropathology, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Chi Wang Ip
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Stigloher
- Imaging Core Facility of the Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Idrissi SE, Fath N, Ibork H, Taghzouti K, Alamy M, Abboussi O. Restraint Stress Exacerbates Apoptosis in a 6-OHDA Animal Model of Parkinson Disease. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:166-176. [PMID: 36633788 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the apoptotic pathway has been associated with promoting neuronal cell death in the pathophysiology of Parkinson disease (PD). Nonetheless, the mechanisms by which it may occur remain unclear. It has been suggested that stress-induced oxidation and potential apoptosis may play a major role in the progression of PD. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of subchronic restraint stress on striatal dopaminergic activity, iron, p53, caspase-3, and plasmatic acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels in male Wistar rat model of PD induced by administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). The obtained results showed that restraint stress exacerbates motor coordination deficits and anxiety in animals treated with 6-OHDA in comparison to animals receiving saline, and it had no effect on object recognition memory. On another hand, 6-OHDA decreased dopamine (DA) levels, increased iron accumulation, and induced overexpression of the pro-apoptotic factors caspase-3, p53, and AChE. More interestingly, post-lesion restraint stress exacerbated the expression of caspase-3 and AChE without affecting p53 expression. These findings suggest that subchronic stress may accentuate apoptosis and may contribute to DA neuronal loss in the striatal regions and possibly exacerbate the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara El Idrissi
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nada Fath
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hind Ibork
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Taghzouti
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Meryem Alamy
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Oualid Abboussi
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Wu Y, Tao C, Xu R, Chen Y, Qian L, Xu T, Lian X. PKM2-mediated neuronal hyperglycolysis enhances the risk of Parkinson's disease in diabetic rats. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:187-200. [PMID: 36908857 PMCID: PMC9999299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and animal studies indicate that pre-existing diabetes increases the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. In the present study, we found that high glucose (HG) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of diabetic rats might enhance the effect of a subthreshold dose of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on the development of motor disorders, and the damage to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal pathway. In vitro, HG promoted the 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells differentiated to neurons with nerve growth factor (NGF) (NGF-PC12). Metabolomics showed that HG promoted hyperglycolysis in neurons and impaired tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) activity, which was closely related to abnormal mitochondrial fusion, thus resulting in mitochondrial loss. Interestingly, HG-induced upregulation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) combined with 6-OHDA exposure not only mediated glycolysis but also promoted abnormal mitochondrial fusion by upregulating the expression of MFN2 in NGF-PC12 cells. In addition, we found that PKM2 knockdown rescued the abnormal mitochondrial fusion and cell apoptosis induced by HG+6-OHDA. Furthermore, we found that shikonin (SK), an inhibitor of PKM2, restored the mitochondrial number, promoted TCA cycle activity, reversed hyperglycolysis, enhanced the tolerance of cultured neurons to 6-OHDA, and reduced the risk of PD in diabetic rats. Overall, our results indicate that diabetes promotes hyperglycolysis and abnormal mitochondrial fusion in neurons through the upregulation of PKM2, leading to an increase in the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons to 6-OHDA. Thus, the inhibition of PKM2 and restoration of mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis/pathways may prevent the occurrence and development of diabetic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuying Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Cimin Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rui Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Linghui Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tengfei Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Lian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Chronic Treatment with the Probiotics Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 Attenuates Motor Impairment, Striatal Microglial Activation, and Dopaminergic Loss in Rats with 6-Hydroxydopamine-induced Hemiparkinsonism. Neuroscience 2022; 507:79-98. [PMID: 36370934 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis is considered a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), and chronic treatment with probiotics could prevent it. Here we report the assessment of a probiotic mixture [Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), and Bifidobacterium animalis lactis BB-12 (BB-12)] administered to male rats 2 weeks before and 3 weeks after injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the right striatum, a model that mimics the early stages of PD. Before and after lesion, animals were subjected to behavioral tests: narrow beam, cylinder test, and apomorphine (APO)-induced rotations. Dopaminergic (DA) denervation and microglia recruitment were assessed with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH+) and ionized calcium-binding protein-1 adapter (Iba1+) immunostaining, respectively. Post 6-OHDA injury, rats treated with sunflower oil (probiotics vehicle) developed significant decrease in crossing speed and increases in contralateral paw slips (narrow beam), forepaw use asymmetry (cylinder), and APO-induced rotations. In striatum, 6-OHDA eliminated ≈2/3 of TH+ area and caused significant increase of Iba1+ microglia population. Retrograde axonal degeneration suppressed ≈2/5 of TH+ neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). In hemiparkinsonian rats, probiotics treatment significantly improved the crossing speed, and also reduced paw slips (postlesion days 14 and 21), the loss of TH+ neurons in SNpc, and the loss of TH+ area and of Iba1+ microglia count in striatum, without affecting the proportion of microglia morphological phenotypes. Probiotics treatment did not attenuate forepaw use asymmetry nor APO-induced rotations. These results indicate that the mixture of probiotics LGG and BB-12 protects nigrostriatal DA neurons against 6-OHDA-induced damage, supporting their potential as preventive treatment of PD.
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Sun X, Li X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Qi X, Wang S, Qin C. Longitudinal assessment of motor function following the unilateral intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesion model in mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:982218. [PMID: 36505729 PMCID: PMC9730519 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.982218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the widespread use of the unilateral striatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion model in mice in recent years, the stability of behavioral deficits in the 6-OHDA striatal mouse model over time is not yet clear, raising concerns about using this model to evaluate a compound's long-term therapeutic effects. Materials and methods In the current study, mice were tested at regular intervals in the cylinder test and gait analysis beginning 3 days after 6-OHDA injection of 4 and 8 μg and lasting until 56 days post-lesion. Apomorphine-induced rotational test and rotarod test were also performed on Day 23 and 43 post-lesion, respectively. Immunohistochemistry for dopaminergic neurons stained by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was also performed. Results Our results showed that both the 4 and 8 μg 6-OHDA lesion groups exhibited forelimb use asymmetry with a preference for the ipsilateral (injection) side on Day 3 and until Day 21 post-lesion, but did not show forelimb asymmetry on Day 28 to 56 post-lesion. The 8 μg 6-OHDA lesion group still exhibited forelimb asymmetry on Day 28 and 42 post-lesion, but not on Day 56. The gait analysis showed that the contralateral front and hind step cycles increased from Day 3 to 42 post-lesion and recovered on Day 56 post-lesion. In addition, our results displayed a dose-dependent reduction in TH+ cells and TH+ fibers, as well as dose-dependent apomorphine-induced rotations. In the rotarod test, the 8 μg 6-OHDA lesion group, but not the 4 μg group, decreased the latency to fall on the rotarod on Day 43 post-lesion. Conclusion In summary, unilateral striatal 6-OHDA injections of 4 and 8 μg induced spontaneous motor impairment in mice, which partially recovered starting on Day 28 post-lesion. Forced motor deficits were observed in the 8 g 6-OHDA lesion group, which remained stable on Day 43 post-lesion. In addition, the rotarod test and apomorphine-induced rotational test can distinguish between lesions of different extents and are useful tools for the assessment of functional recovery in studies screening novel potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Sun
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Xianglei Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China,Changping National Laboratory (CPNL), Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Chuan Qin,
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11
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Sophiabadi M, Rastgoo N, Haghdoost-Yazdi H. Dopaminergic Neuronal Death in Substantia Nigra Associates with Serum Levels of Total Bilirubin, Selenium, and Zinc: Evidences from 6-Hydroxydopamine Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4058-4067. [PMID: 34741694 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mild to moderate dopaminergic (DA) neuronal death in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) as the main pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is usually silent and does not produce marked clinical symptoms. In this study, we investigated the association between SNc DA neuronal loss and serum levels of total bilirubin (TB), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) animal model of PD. The neurotoxin of 6-OHDA was injected into the medial forebrain bundle of right hemisphere by stereotaxic surgery. Two conventional behavioral tests were carried out in several steps after the toxin to confirm the model reproduction and quantify severity and progress of 6-OHDA-induced PD. Blood samples were collected within 1 week before the toxin and in the second, fifth, and eighth weeks thereafter. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assessments were performed on the rat's brain to determine the severity of DA neuronal loss in SNc. The severity of behavioral symptoms and TB levels were progressively increased in 6-OHDA-treated rats. On the other hand, Se and Zn levels in them were lower than control. These changes were observed in rats with severe or mild behavioral symptoms. Also, IHC revealed that changes in TB, Se, and Zn associate with SNc DA neuronal loss but do not correlate with its severity. Significant changes in serum levels of TB, Se, and Zn in the mild SNc DA neuronal loss suggest them as valuable parameters for establishment of a serum profile for early detection of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sophiabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, 3414951414, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Rastgoo
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, 3414951414, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hashem Haghdoost-Yazdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, 3414951414, Qazvin, Iran.
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12
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Zhuo W, Lundquist AJ, Donahue EK, Guo Y, Phillips D, Petzinger GM, Jakowec MW, Holschneider DP. A mind in motion: Exercise improves cognitive flexibility, impulsivity and alters dopamine receptor gene expression in a Parkinsonian rat model. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 3:100039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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13
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Mazzocchi M, Goulding SR, Morales-Prieto N, Foley T, Collins LM, Sullivan AM, O'Keeffe GW. Peripheral administration of the Class-IIa HDAC inhibitor MC1568 partially protects against nigrostriatal neurodegeneration in the striatal 6-OHDA rat model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 102:151-160. [PMID: 35217173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) neurodegeneration. There is a critical need for neuroprotective therapies, particularly those that do not require direct intracranial administration. Small molecule inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDIs) are neuroprotective in in vitro and in vivo models of PD, however it is unknown whether Class IIa-specific HDIs are neuroprotective when administered peripherally. Here we show that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treatment induces protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent nuclear accumulation of the Class IIa histone deacetylase (HDAC)5 in SH-SY5Y cells and cultured DA neurons in vitro. Treatment of these cultures with the Class IIa-specific HDI, MC1568, partially protected against 6-OHDA-induced cell death. In the intrastriatal 6-OHDA lesion in vivo rat model of PD, MC1568 treatment (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) for 7 days reduced forelimb akinesia and partially protected DA neurons in the substantia nigra and their striatal terminals from 6-OHDA-induced neurodegeneration. MC1568 treatment prevented 6-OHDA-induced increases in microglial activation in the striatum and substantia nigra. Furthermore, MC1568 treatment decreased 6-OHDA-induced increases in nuclear HDAC5 in nigral DA neurons. These data suggest that peripheral administration of Class IIa-specific HDIs may be a potential therapy for neuroprotective in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mazzocchi
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - Susan R Goulding
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Tara Foley
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - Louise M Collins
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland; Department of Physiology, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aideen M Sullivan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, UCC, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Gerard W O'Keeffe
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, UCC, Cork, Ireland.
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14
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Castro SL, Tapias V, Gathagan R, Emes A, Brandon TE, Smith AD. Blueberry Juice Augments Exercise-Induced Neuroprotection in a Parkinson’s Disease Model Through Modulation of GDNF Levels. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 12:217-227. [PMID: 35321527 PMCID: PMC8935512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise and consumption of plant-based foods rich in polyphenols are attractive therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Few studies, however, have examined the neuroprotective efficacy of combining these treatment modalities against PD. Therefore we investigated whether combining voluntary running and consumption of blueberry juice (BBJ) was more efficacious against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) toxicity than either treatment alone. Four weeks of running before and after intrastriatal 6-OHDA reduced amphetamine-induced rotational behavior and loss of substantia nigra dopamine (DA) neurons. BBJ consumption alone had no ameliorative effects, but when combined with exercise, behavioral deficits and nigrostriatal DA neurodegeneration were reduced to a greater extent than exercise alone. The neuroprotection observed with exercise alone was associated with an increase in striatal glial cell-lined derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), whereas combining exercise and BBJ was associated with an increase in nigral GDNF. These results suggest that polyphenols may potentiate the protective effects of exercise and that differential regulation of GDNF expression underlies protection observed with exercise alone versus combined treatment with consumption of BBJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L. Castro
- Pittsburgh Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Victor Tapias
- Pittsburgh Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid 47003, Spain
| | - Ronald Gathagan
- Pittsburgh Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alexandra Emes
- Pittsburgh Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Amanda D. Smith
- Pittsburgh Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
- Correspondence to: Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240.
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15
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Sarbazi-Golezari A, Haghdoost-Yazdi H. Chronic and progressive dopaminergic neuronal death in substantia nigra associates with a decrease in serum levels of glucose and free fatty acids, the role of interlokin-1 beta. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:373-381. [PMID: 34767157 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human studies indicate that Parkinson's disease (PD) associates with disruption in metabolism of glucose and free fatty acids (FFA). Studies have shown that interlukin-1beta (IL-1β) causes hypoglycemia through insulin- independent mechanisms. Here, we investigated association between dopaminergic neuronal death, as the main pathophysiological mechanism underlying PD, and serum levels of glucose, FFA and IL-1β in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) animal model of PD. Neurotoxin of 6-OHDA was injected into medial forebrain bundle and multiple behavioral testes were carried out during eight weeks thereafter. Blood was collected before the toxin and in second and eight weeks thereafter. Then, brain of the animals was perfused to assess survival of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in substantia nigra by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry. Glucose, FFA and IL-1β levels were determined using calorimetric method and specific ELISA kits. In compare to control, 6-OHDA- treated rats had less glucose and FFA levels in the eight week and higher IL-1β level in the both second and eight weeks. Based on severity of behavioral symptoms, 6-OHDA- treated rats were divided into two subgroups of severe and mild. Number of TH- positive cells in these subgroups was 83 and 45% less than that in control. Also, both subgroups showed less weight gain, lower glucose and FFA and higher IL-1β in eight week. Our data indicate that moderate to severe progressive DAergic neuronal death in substantia nigra associates with a decrease in serum levels of glucose and FFA. Increase in IL-1β production following neuronal death possibly mediated this decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sarbazi-Golezari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non- Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hashem Haghdoost-Yazdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non- Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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16
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Muscle function alterations in a Parkinson's disease animal model: Electromyographic recordings dataset. Data Brief 2022; 40:107712. [PMID: 35005127 PMCID: PMC8717462 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently diagnosed based on characteristic motor dysfunctions induced by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta [1], [2]. The animal model most commonly used to reproduce PD-related motor deficits in rats is the massive degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons by using intracerebral infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) [3], [4]. This article presents data related to the research article “Quantifying muscle alterations in a Parkinson's disease animal model using electromyographic biomarkers” [5]. This study evaluated the effect of PD neurotoxic lesion model on muscle function of freely moving rats. The effects on muscle function considering the time post-lesion have never been described for this Parkinson's disease model. Electromyographic recordings were obtained from control and hemiparkinsonian rats walking in a circular treadmill. Chronic EMG electrodes were implanted subcutaneously in a hindlimb muscle - the biceps femoris muscle - for evaluating muscular activity during the gait. Five dataset of EMG recordings are presented in this article corresponding to control animals and four groups of lesioned animals at different time post-injury (three to six weeks after lesion). Stationarity of the EMG signals were established and the effective muscular contractions were detected by using signal processing methods described in [5]. Power spectrum density was characterized through the mean and median frequencies and signals probability distribution function analysis was also performed.These analyses have shown that PSD frequency contents progressively fall with time post-lesion suggesting muscle function changes along this enclosed time. This dataset could be reused to investigate muscular activation parameters under control and lesioned conditions in freely moving rats and for evaluating different signal processing methods for EMG patterns detection.
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17
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Piri H, Sharifi S, Nigjeh S, Haghdoost-Yazdi H. Dopaminergic neuronal death in the substantia nigra associates with change in serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β; evidence from early experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Neurol Res 2022; 44:544-553. [PMID: 34986749 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.2024726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have shown that inflammation plays a key role in etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, human studies which have evaluated association between PD and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) have reported conflicting results. In this study, serum and striatum levels of these cytokines were evaluated in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) animal model of PD. METHOD The neurotoxin of 6-OHDA was injected into medial forebrain bundle of right hemisphere and behavioral tests were carried out to eight weeks thereafter to evaluate severity of PD and its progress. Blood was collected before the toxin and in second and eight weeks after that. Survival of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in substantia nigra was assessed by immunohistochemistry. TNF-α and IL-1β levels were determined using ELISA kits. RESULT Severity of behavioral symptoms was gradually increased in 6-OHDA-treated rats. They showed a decrease in serum TNF-α level in the eight week and increase in IL-1β both in the second and eight weeks. They were divided into two subgroups, symptomatic and asymptomatic with severe and moderate degrees in DAergic neuronal death. Significant decrease in serum TNF-α was only observed in the symptomatic subgroup but IL-1β increased in both subgroups. Also, striatal levels of both cytokines were higher in the lesioned hemisphere. CONCLUSION Increase in serum IL-1β level can reflect moderate degree of lesion in substantia nigra and thereby is used for prognosis of PD before its clinical symptoms are appeared. On the other hand, an increase in serum TNF-α is appeared in advanced stage of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Piri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sahar Sharifi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sepideh Nigjeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hashem Haghdoost-Yazdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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18
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Raval NR, Gudmundsen F, Juhl M, Andersen IV, Speth N, Videbæk A, Petersen IN, Mikkelsen JD, Fisher PM, Herth MM, Plavén-Sigray P, Knudsen GM, Palner M. Synaptic Density and Neuronal Metabolic Function Measured by Positron Emission Tomography in the Unilateral 6-OHDA Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:715811. [PMID: 34867258 PMCID: PMC8636601 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.715811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is caused by progressive neurodegeneration and characterised by motor dysfunction. Neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons also causes aberrations within the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit, which has been hypothesised to lead to non-motor symptoms such as depression. Individuals with PD have both lower synaptic density and changes in neuronal metabolic function in the basal ganglia, as measured using [11C]UCB-J and [18F]FDG positron emission tomography (PET), respectively. However, the two radioligands have not been directly compared in the same PD subject or in neurodegeneration animal models. Here, we investigate [11C]UCB-J binding and [18F]FDG uptake in the CSTC circuit following a unilateral dopaminergic lesion in rats and compare it to sham lesioned rats. Rats received either a unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or saline in the medial forebrain bundle and rostral substantia nigra (n = 4/group). After 3 weeks, all rats underwent two PET scans using [18F]FDG, followed by [11C]UCB-J on a separate day. [18F]FDG uptake and [11C]UCB-J binding were both lower in the ipsilateral striatal regions compared to the contralateral regions. Using [11C]UCB-J, we could detect an 8.7% decrease in the ipsilateral ventral midbrain, compared to a 2.9% decrease in ventral midbrain using [18F]FDG. Differential changes between hemispheres for [11C]UCB-J and [18F]FDG outcomes were also evident in the CSTC circuit’s cortical regions, especially in the orbitofrontal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex where higher synaptic density yet lower neuronal metabolic function was observed, following lesioning. In conclusion, [11C]UCB-J and [18F]FDG PET can detect divergent changes following a dopaminergic lesion in rats, especially in cortical regions that are not directly affected by the neurotoxin. These results suggest that combined [11C]UCB-J and [18F]FDG scans could yield a better picture of the heterogeneous cerebral changes in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul Ravi Raval
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Gudmundsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Juhl
- Cardiology Stem Cell Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Vang Andersen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Speth
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annesofie Videbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Nymann Petersen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens D Mikkelsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Matthias Manfred Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikael Palner
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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19
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Molska GR, Paula-Freire LIG, Sakalem ME, Köhn DO, Negri G, Carlini EA, Mendes FR. Green coffee extract attenuates Parkinson's-related behaviors in animal models. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20210481. [PMID: 34730624 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between coffee consumption and the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). The effects of the oral treatment with green (non-roasted) coffee extracts (CE, 100 or 400 mg/kg) and caffeine (31.2 mg/kg) were evaluated on catalepsy induced by haloperidol in mice, and unilateral 6-OHDA lesion of medial forebrain bundle (MFB) or striatum in rats. Also, the in vitro antioxidant activity and the monoamine levels in the striatum were investigated. CE presented a mild antioxidant activity in vitro and its administration decreased the catalepsy index. CE at the dose of 400 mg/kg induced ipsilateral rotations 14 days after lesion; however, chronic 30-day CE and caffeine treatments did not interfere with the animals' rotation after apomorphine or methamphetamine challenges in animals with MFB lesion, nor on monoamines levels. Furthermore, CE and caffeine were effective in inhibiting the asymmetry between ipsilateral and contralateral rotations induced by methamphetamine and apomorphine in animals with lesion in the striatum but did not avoid the monoamines depletion. These results indicate that CE components indirectly modulate dopaminergic transmission, suggesting a pro-dopaminergic action of CE, and further investigation must be conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of action and the possible neuroprotective role in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella R Molska
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Rua Botucatu, 862, 1º andar, ECB, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Lyvia Izaura G Paula-Freire
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Rua Botucatu, 862, 1º andar, ECB, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marna E Sakalem
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Rua Botucatu, 862, 1º andar, ECB, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele O Köhn
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Rua Botucatu, 862, 1º andar, ECB, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giuseppina Negri
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Rua Botucatu, 862, 1º andar, ECB, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisaldo A Carlini
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Rua Botucatu, 740, 4º andar, 04024-002 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fúlvio R Mendes
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Rua Arcturus, 03, 09606-070 São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
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20
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Herrera ML, Deza-Ponzio R, Ghersi MS, de la Villarmois EA, Virgolini MB, Pérez MF, Molina VA, Bellini MJ, Hereñú CB. Early Cognitive Impairment Behind Nigrostriatal Circuit Neurotoxicity: Are Astrocytes Involved? ASN Neuro 2021; 12:1759091420925977. [PMID: 32466659 PMCID: PMC7263115 DOI: 10.1177/1759091420925977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is one of the most severe nonmotor symptoms of nigrostriatal impairment. This occurs as a result of profound functional and morphological changes of different neuronal circuits, including modifications in the plasticity and architecture of hippocampal synapses. Such alterations can be implicated in the genesis and progression of dementia associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson-like symptoms. There are few studies regarding cognitive changes in nigrostriatal animal models. The aim of this study was to characterize the onset of memory deficit after induction of neurotoxicity with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and its correlation with hippocampal dysfunction. For this, we bilaterally microinjected 6-OHDA in dorsolateral Caudate-Putamen unit (CPu) and then, animals were tested weekly for working memory, spatial short-term memory, and motor performance. We evaluated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) as a dopamine marker, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), a mitochondria detoxification enzyme and astrocyte glial fibrillar acid protein (GFAP) an immunoreactivity marker involved in different areas: CPu, substantia nigra, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. We observed a specific prefrontal cortex and nigrostriatal pathway TH reduction while ALDH2 showed a decrease-positive area in all the studied regions. Moreover, GFAP showed a specific CPu decrease and hippocampus increase of positively stained area on the third week after toxicity. We also evaluated the threshold to induce long-term potentiation in hippocampal excitability. Our findings showed that reduced hippocampal synaptic transmission was accompanied by deficits in memory processes, without affecting motor performance on the third-week post 6-OHDA administration. Our results suggest that 3 weeks after neurotoxic administration, astrocytes and ALDH2 mitochondrial enzyme modifications participate in altering the properties that negatively affect hippocampal function and consequently cognitive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena L Herrera
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba.,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Deza-Ponzio
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
| | - Marisa S Ghersi
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
| | - Emilce A de la Villarmois
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
| | - Miriam B Virgolini
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
| | - Mariela F Pérez
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
| | - Victor A Molina
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
| | - María J Bellini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia B Hereñú
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
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21
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Teruya PY, Farfán FD, Pizá ÁG, Soletta JH, Lucianna FA, Albarracín AL. Quantifying muscle alterations in a Parkinson's disease animal model using electromyographic biomarkers. Med Biol Eng Comput 2021; 59:1735-1749. [PMID: 34297299 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-021-02400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease currently diagnosed based on characteristic motor dysfunctions. The most common Parkinson's disease animal model induces massive nigrostriatal degeneration by intracerebral infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Motor deficits in rat models of Parkinson's disease were previously addressed in other works. However, an accurate quantification of muscle function in freely moving PD-lesioned rats over time has not been described until now. In this work, we address the muscular activity characterization of a 6-OHDA-lesion model of PD along 6 weeks post-lesion based on spectral and morphological analysis of the signals. Using chronic implanted EMG electrodes in a hindlimb muscle of freely moving rats, we have evaluated the effect of the PD neurotoxic model in the muscular activity during locomotion. EMG signals obtained from animals with different time post-injury were analyzed. Power spectral densities were characterized by the mean and median frequency, and the EMG burst stationarity was previously verified for all animals. Our results show that as the time post-lesion increases both frequency parameters decrease. Probability distribution function analysis was also performed. The results suggest that contractile dynamics of the biceps femoris muscle change with time post-lesion. We have also demonstrated here the usefulness of frequency parameters as biomarkers for monitoring the muscular function changes that could be used for early detection of motor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Y Teruya
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Neurociencias Y Tecnologías Aplicadas (LINTEC), Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Fernando D Farfán
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Neurociencias Y Tecnologías Aplicadas (LINTEC), Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Álvaro G Pizá
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Neurociencias Y Tecnologías Aplicadas (LINTEC), Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jorge H Soletta
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Neurociencias Y Tecnologías Aplicadas (LINTEC), Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Facundo A Lucianna
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Neurociencias Y Tecnologías Aplicadas (LINTEC), Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ana L Albarracín
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Neurociencias Y Tecnologías Aplicadas (LINTEC), Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina. .,Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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22
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Simola N, Serra M, Marongiu J, Costa G, Morelli M. Increased emissions of 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in hemiparkinsonian rats repeatedly treated with dopaminomimetic drugs: A potential preclinical model for studying the affective properties of dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 108:110184. [PMID: 33242502 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine replacement therapy used in Parkinson's disease (PD) may induce alterations in the emotional state that can underlie the manifestation of iatrogenic psychiatric-like disturbances. The preclinical investigation of these disturbances is limited, also because few reliable paradigms are available to study the affective properties of dopaminomimetic drugs in parkinsonian animals. To provide a relevant experimental tool in this respect, we evaluated whether dopaminomimetic drugs modified the emission of 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), a behavioral marker of positive affect, in rats bearing a unilateral lesion with 6-hydroxydopamine in the medial forebrain bundle. Apomorphine (2 or 4 mg/kg, i.p.), L-3,4-dihydroxyphenilalanine (L-DOPA, 6 or 12 mg/kg, i.p.), or pramipexole (2 or 4 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered in a test cage (× 5 administrations) on alternate days. Seven days after treatment discontinuation, rats were re-exposed to the test cage to measure conditioned calling behavior and thereafter received a drug challenge. Hemiparkinsonian rats treated with either apomorphine or L-DOPA, but not pramipexole, markedly vocalized during repeated treatment and after challenge, and showed conditioned calling behavior. Moreover, apomorphine, L-DOPA and pramipexole elicited different patterns of 50-kHz USV emissions and rotational behavior, indicating that calling behavior in hemiparkinsonian rats treated with dopaminomimetic drugs is not a byproduct of motor activation. Taken together, these results suggest that measuring 50-kHz USV emissions may be a relevant experimental tool for studying how dopaminomimetic drugs modify the affective state in parkinsonian rats, with possible implications for the preclinical investigation of iatrogenic psychiatric-like disturbances in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Marcello Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jacopo Marongiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Costa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Micaela Morelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; CNR, National Research Council of Italy, Neuroscience Institute, Cagliari, Italy
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23
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Binda KH, Lillethorup TP, Real CC, Bærentzen SL, Nielsen MN, Orlowski D, Brooks DJ, Chacur M, Landau AM. Exercise protects synaptic density in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2021; 342:113741. [PMID: 33965411 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by Lewy body and neurite pathology associated with dopamine terminal dysfunction. Clinically, it is associated with motor slowing, rigidity, and tremor. Postural instability and pain are also features. Physical exercise benefits PD patients - possibly by promoting neuroplasticity including synaptic regeneration. OBJECTIVES In a parkinsonian rat model, we test the hypotheses that exercise: (a) increases synaptic density and reduces neuroinflammation and (b) lowers the nociceptive threshold by increasing μ-opioid receptor expression. METHODS Brain autoradiography was performed on rats unilaterally injected with either 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or saline and subjected to treadmill exercise over 5 weeks. [3H]UCB-J was used to measure synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) density. Dopamine D2/3 receptor and μ-opioid receptor availability were assessed with [3H]Raclopride and [3H]DAMGO, respectively, while neuroinflammation was detected with the 18kDA translocator protein (TSPO) marker [3H]PK11195. The nociceptive threshold was determined prior to and throughout the exercise protocol. RESULTS We confirmed a dopaminegic deficit with increased striatal [3H]Raclopride D2/3 receptor availability and reduced nigral tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the ipsilateral hemisphere of all 6-OHDA-injected rats. Sedentary rats lesioned with 6-OHDA showed significant reduction of ipsilateral striatal and substantia nigra [3H]UCB-J binding while [3H]PK11195 showed increased ipsilateral striatal neuroinflammation. Lesioned rats who exercised had higher levels of ipsilateral striatal [3H]UCB-J binding and lower levels of neuroinflammation compared to sedentary lesioned rats. Striatal 6-OHDA injections reduced thalamic μ-opioid receptor availability but subsequent exercise restored binding. Exercise also raised thalamic and hippocampal SV2A synaptic density in 6-OHDA lesioned rats, accompanied by a rise in nociceptive threshold. CONCLUSION These data suggest that treadmill exercise protects nigral and striatal synaptic integrity in a rat lesion model of PD - possibly by promoting compensatory mechanisms. Exercise was also associated with reduced neuroinflammation post lesioning and altered opioid transmission resulting in an increased nociceptive threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Binda
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 13, Building 2b, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University and Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J109, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Departamento de Anatomia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - T P Lillethorup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University and Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J109, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark.
| | - C C Real
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 13, Building 2b, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University and Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J109, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - S L Bærentzen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 13, Building 2b, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University and Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J109, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark.
| | - M N Nielsen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 13, Building 2b, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.
| | - D Orlowski
- Center for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.
| | - D J Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University and Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J109, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
| | - M Chacur
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Departamento de Anatomia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - A M Landau
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 13, Building 2b, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University and Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, J109, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark.
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24
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Minaei A, Sarookhani MR, Haghdoost-Yazdi H, Rajaei F. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates induction and prevents progress of the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinsonism in rat through activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and suppression of ER stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 423:115558. [PMID: 33961902 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies argue in favor of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as the next potent therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases. In present study, we investigated the effect of long term treatment with NaHS (as donor of H2S) on induction and progress of the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) -induced Parkinsonism in rat. METHODS The 6-OHDA was injected into medial forebrain bundle of right hemisphere by stereotaxic surgery. Behavioral tests and treatments were carried out to eight weeks after the toxin. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were carried out to evaluate the survival of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) -positive neurons in substantia nigra (SN) and also expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), the markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, in striatum and SN. RESULTS Eight weeks assessment of the behavioral symptoms showed that NaHS especially at dose of 100 μmol/kg attenuates remarkably induction of the Parkinsonism and prevents its progress. NaHS also increased the survival of TH- positive neurons and suppressed 6-OHDA- induced overexpression of GRP78 and CHOP. Blockade of ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels with glibenclamide (Glib) prevented markedly the effect of NaHS on both the induction phase and survival of TH- positive neurons. But Glib did not affect the preventing effect of NaHS on the progress phase and its suppressing effect on the overexpression of ER stress markers. CONCLUSION H2S attenuates induction of the 6-OHDA- induced Parkinsonism and also increases the survival of dopaminergic neurons through activation of K-ATP channels. H2S also prevents progress of the Parkinsonism probably through suppression of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Minaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sarookhani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hashem Haghdoost-Yazdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Farzad Rajaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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25
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Petiet A. Current and Emerging MR Methods and Outcome in Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease: A Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:583678. [PMID: 33897339 PMCID: PMC8058186 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.583678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative disease characterized by massive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, α-synuclein-containing Lewy bodies, and neuroinflammation. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression and treatment. A variety of MR methods are available to characterize neurodegeneration and other disease features such as iron accumulation and metabolic changes in animal models of PD. This review aims at giving an overview of how those physiopathological features of PD have been investigated using various MR methods in rodent models. Toxin-based and genetic-based models of PD are first described. MR methods for neurodegeneration evaluation, iron load, and metabolism alterations are then detailed, and the main findings are provided in those models. Ultimately, future directions are suggested for neuroinflammation and neuromelanin evaluations in new animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Petiet
- Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche, Institut du Cerveau, Paris, France.,Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
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26
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Abstract
Stem cell transplantation has attracted great interest for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases to provide neuroprotection, repair the lesioned neuronal network and restore functionality. Parkinson's disease (PD), in particular, has been a preferred target because motor disability that constitutes a core pathology of the disease is associated with local loss of dopaminergic neurons in a specific brain area, the substantia nigra pars compacta. These cells project to the striatum where they deliver the neurotransmitter dopamine that is involved in control of many aspects of motor behavior. Therefore, cell transplantation approaches in PD aim to replenish dopamine deficiency in the striatum. A major challenge in developing cell therapy approaches is the ability to generate large numbers of transplantable cells in a reliable and reproducible manner. In recent years the technological breakthrough of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has demonstrated that this is possible at a preclinical level, accelerating clinical translation. A second important issue is to efficiently differentiate iPSCs into dopaminergic neuronal progenitors with restricted proliferation potential in order to avoid cellular overgrowth in vivo and minimize the risk of tumorigenesis. Here we describe an effective protocol that includes human iPSC differentiation to the dopaminergic lineage and enrichment in neuronal precursor cells expressing the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule PSA-NCAM, through magnetically activated cell sorting. The resulting cells are transplanted and shown to survive, differentiate, and integrate within a striatal lesion model generated by unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine administration in mice of the NOD/SCID strain that supports xenografts.
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27
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Jiang YF, Liu J, Yang J, Guo Y, Hu W, Zhang J, La XM, Xie W, Wang HS, Zhang L. Involvement of the Dorsal Hippocampus 5-HT1A Receptors in the Regulation of Depressive-Like Behaviors in Hemiparkinsonian Rats. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 79:198-207. [PMID: 31940619 DOI: 10.1159/000505212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD), but its pathophysiology is not definite. Lines of evidence have indicated that the hippocampus and serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptors are related to the regulation of depression. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to observe the effect of 5-HT1A receptors in the dorsal hippocampus (dHIP) on PD-related depression in rats. METHODS Unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesioning of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) was used to establish the hemiparkinsonian rat model. The effects of intra-dHIP injection of the 5-HT1A receptor -agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)tetralin hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT) or antagonist WAY-100635 on depressive-like behaviors were observed in sucrose preference and forced swim tests in control and lesioned rats. Monoamine levels including dopamine (DA), 5-HT, and noradrenaline (NA) in depression-related brain regions were determined by a neurochemical method in all groups. RESULTS Behavioral results showed that MFB lesions induced depressive-like behaviors. Intra-dHIP injection of 8-OH-DPAT produced antidepressant effects, while WAY-100635 induced or increased the depressive-like behaviors in both control and the lesioned rats. Neurochemical results found that intra-dHIP injection of 8-OH-DPAT significantly increased DA and 5-HT levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), lateral habenula (LHb), ventral hippocampus and amygdala in the lesioned group and decreased NA levels in the mPFC and LHb in the control group. Moreover, after injection of WAY-100635, NA levels in all these regions of the lesioned group were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that hippocampal 5-HT1A receptors regulate depression and PD-related depression by neurochemical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue-Mei La
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Sheng Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,
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28
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Zhang ZN, Hui Z, Chen C, Liang Y, Tang LL, Wang SL, Xu CC, Yang H, Zhang JS, Zhao Y. Neuroprotective Effects and Related Mechanisms of Echinacoside in MPTP-Induced PD Mice. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:1779-1792. [PMID: 34113108 PMCID: PMC8184243 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s299685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the neuroprotective effect and the related mechanisms of echinacoside (ECH) in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) mice. METHODS Parkinson's disease is induced in mice by MPTP and the neurobehaviors of mice in different groups are observed. Then, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis are adopted to measure the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and α-synuclein in the substantia nigra (SN). The content of dopamine (DA) and other neurotransmitters in the brain is detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. The expression of nerve growth factors and inflammatory factors in SN in mice in each group is measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Finally, the expression of oxidative stress-related parameters in each group is measured. RESULTS Compared with the model group, the pole-climbing time among mice in the moderate and high-dose ECH groups is significantly reduced (P < 0.01). The rotarod staying time, as well as fore and hind-limb strides, shows a significant increase (P < 0.01), as does spontaneous activity (P < 0.01). Moreover, the expression levels of TH, DA, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in SN in mice show significant increases in these two groups (P < 0.01). The content of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase indicates significant increases in the low, moderate, and high-dose ECH groups (P < 0.01), and the content of MDA was reduced (P < 0.01). In the high-dose ECH group, the expression of interleukin (IL) 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α is significantly reduced (P < 0.01), while the expression of IL-10 shows a marked increase (P < 0.01) alongside a decrease in the expression of α-synuclein (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Echinacoside improves neurobehavioral symptoms in PD mice and significantly increases the expression of TH and DA. The neuroprotective effect potentially correlates with anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation actions, promotes the expression of nerve growth factor, and reduces the accumulation of α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Nian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hui
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Tang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Si Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, People's Republic of China
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Kopaeva MY, Cherepov AB, Nesterenko MV, Zarayskaya IY. Pretreatment with Human Lactoferrin Had a Positive Effect on the Dynamics of Mouse Nigrostriatal System Recovery after Acute MPTP Exposure. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:24. [PMID: 33401480 PMCID: PMC7823682 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of human lactoferrin (hLf) on degenerative changes in the nigrostriatal system and associated behavioral deficits in the animal model of Parkinson disease. Nigrostriatal dopaminergic injury was induced by single administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP; 40 mg/kg) to five-month-old C57Bl/6 mice. Behavioral disturbances were assessed in the open field and rotarod tests and by the stride length analysis. Structural deficits were assessed by the counts of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra and optical density (OD) of TH-immunolabeled fibers in the striatum. Acute MPTP treatment induced long-term behavioral deficit and degenerative changes in the nigrostriatal system. Pretreatment with hLf prevented body weight loss and promoted recovery of motor functions and exploratory behavior. Importantly, OD of TH-positive fibers in the striatum of mice treated with hLf almost returned to normal, and the number of TH-positive cells in the substantia nigra significantly increased on day 28. These results indicate that hLf produces a neuroprotective effect and probably stimulates neuroregeneration under conditions of MPTP toxicity in our model. A relationship between behavioral deficits and nigrostriatal system disturbances at delayed terms after MPTP administration was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Yu. Kopaeva
- National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», 1 Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.C.); (I.Y.Z.)
| | - Anton B. Cherepov
- National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», 1 Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.C.); (I.Y.Z.)
| | | | - Irina Yu. Zarayskaya
- National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», 1 Akademika Kurchatova sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.C.); (I.Y.Z.)
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Praveen Rajneesh C, Liou JC, Hsieh TH, Lin JH, Peng CW. The voiding efficiency in rat models with dopaminergic brain lesions induced through unilateral and bilateral intrastriatal injections. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243452. [PMID: 33270757 PMCID: PMC7714362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder dysfunction is a common phenomenon in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. A research attempt was made to analyze the voiding efficiency (VE) and bladder functions in rats with PD induced by unilateral or bilateral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle. PD rats were divided into unilateral- and bilateral-injected groups and subjected to rotation and beam walking tests. Further, the experimental rats underwent cystometric measurements for analyses of bladder dysfunction and VE. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to analyze the dopaminergic neuron depletion on the target area. Outcomes of the rotation and beam walking tests revealed the extent of parkinsonism in the experimental rats. Urodynamic observations denoted that rats with unilateral PD exhibited a significantly decreased VE (from 68.3±3.5% to 32.7±5.8%), while rats with bilateral PD displayed a much-reduced and substantially lower level of VE of 18.3±5.1% compared to the control value and to that of rats with unilateral PD. Rats with bilateral PD showed more-extensive behavioral deficits and urodynamic changes than did rats with unilateral PD. These significant changes in motor, behavioral, bladder function and VE were due to an extensive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region on both sides of the brain. The obtained results were substantiated with appropriate immunohistochemical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chellappan Praveen Rajneesh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Chiun Liou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hong Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center of Biomedical Device, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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31
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Requejo C, López-de-Ipiña K, Ruiz-Ortega JÁ, Fernández E, Calvo PM, Morera-Herreras T, Miguelez C, Cardona-Grifoll L, Cepeda H, Ugedo L, Lafuente JV. Changes in Day/Night Activity in the 6-OHDA-Induced Experimental Model of Parkinson's Disease: Exploring Prodromal Biomarkers. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:590029. [PMID: 33154717 PMCID: PMC7591774 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.590029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for experimental models mimicking an early stage of Parkinson's disease (PD) before motor manifestations is fundamental in order to explore early signs and get a better prognosis. Interestingly, our previous studies have indicated that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a suitable model to induce an early degeneration of the nigrostriatal system without any gross motor impairment. Considering our previous findings, we aim to implement a novel system to monitor rats after intrastriatal injection of 6-OHDA to detect and analyze physiological changes underlying prodromal PD. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were unilaterally injected with 6-OHDA (n = 10) or saline solution (n = 10) into the right striatum and placed in enriched environment cages where the activity was monitored. After 2 weeks, the amphetamine test was performed before the sacrifice. Immunohistochemistry was developed for the morphological evaluation and western blot analysis to assess molecular changes. Home-cage monitoring revealed behavioral changes in response to 6-OHDA administration including significant hyperactivity and hypoactivity during the light and dark phase, respectively, turning out in a change of the circadian timing. A preclinical stage of PD was functionally confirmed with the amphetamine test. Moreover, the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase expression was significantly correlated with the motor results, and 6-OHDA induced early proapoptotic events. Our findings provide evidence for a novel prodromal 6-OHDA model following a customized monitoring system that could give insights to detect non-motor deficits and molecular targets to test neuroprotective/neurorestorative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Requejo
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Karmele López-de-Ipiña
- EleKin Research Group, Department of Systems Engineering and Automation, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - José Ángel Ruiz-Ortega
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Elsa Fernández
- EleKin Research Group, Department of Systems Engineering and Automation, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia, Spain
| | - Pilar M. Calvo
- EleKin Research Group, Department of Systems Engineering and Automation, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia, Spain
| | - Teresa Morera-Herreras
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Cristina Miguelez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Laura Cardona-Grifoll
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Hodei Cepeda
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Luisa Ugedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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Globus pallidus, but not entopeduncular nucleus, 6-OHDA-induced lesion attenuates L-Dopa-induced dyskinesia in the rat model of Parkinson's disease. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 197:173013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Warnecke AMP, Kang MS, Jakowec MW, Davies DL. The macrocyclic lactones ivermectin and moxidectin show differential effects on rotational behavior in the 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2020; 393:112804. [PMID: 32668263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and cognitive deficits, the result of dopamine (DA)-depletion within the basal ganglia. Currently, DA replacement therapy in the form of Sinemet (L-DOPA plus Carbidopa) provides symptomatic motor benefits and remains the "gold standard" for treatment. Several pharmacological approaches can enhance DA neurotransmission including the administration of DA receptor agonists, the inhibition of DA metabolism, and enhancing pre-synaptic DA release. DA neurotransmission is regulated by several receptor subtypes including signaling through the purinergic system. P2 × 4 receptors (P2 × 4Rs) are a class of cation-permeable ligand-gated ion channels activated by the synaptic release of extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). P2 × 4Rs are expressed throughout the central nervous system including the dopaminergic circuitry of the substantia nigra, basal ganglia, and related reward networks. Previous studies have demonstrated that P2 × 4Rs can modulate several DA-dependent characteristics including motor, cognitive, and reward behaviors. Ivermectin (IVM) and moxidectin (MOX) are two macrocyclic lactones that can potentiate P2 × 4Rs. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of P2 × 4Rs in mediating DA neurotransmission by exploring their impact on DA-dependent behavior, specifically rotation frequency in the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned mouse model of DA-depletion. While we did not observe any differences in the degree of lesioning based on immunostaining for tyrosine hydroxylase between sexes, male mice displayed a greater number of rotations with L-DOPA compared to female mice. In contrast, we observed that IVM plus L-DOPA increased the number of rotations (per 10 min) in female, but not male mice. These findings highlight the potential role of pharmacologically targeting the purinergic receptor system in modulating DA neurotransmission as well as the importance of sex differences impacting outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M P Warnecke
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Moon S Kang
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Michael W Jakowec
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Daryl L Davies
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Hsu SW, Hsu PC, Chang WS, Yu CC, Wang YC, Yang JS, Tsai FJ, Chen KY, Tsai CW, Bau DT. Protective effects of valproic acid on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuroinjury. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:840-848. [PMID: 32167238 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress may play critically important roles in the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a physiological neurotoxin reported to induce oxidative-induced apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in PD mice models. Valproic acid (VPA), a clinical mood stabilizer, is a HDAC inhibitor with neuroprotective capacities. In the study, we aim at examining the feasibility of VPA as a protector for dopaminergic neurons against damage from 6-OHDA, and the intracellular mechanisms. The 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity to the human dopaminergic cell line SH-SY5Y was applied for examining VPA protective effects. Pretreatment with VPA was able to improve cell viability and reduce 6-OHDA-induced reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, a significant suppression of apoptotic caspases including cleaved caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9 was observed. The results also revealed VPA decreased the 6-OHDA-induced Bax/Bcl2 ratio, as measured at protein level. These novel findings indicate that VPA may be capable of protecting the SH-SY5Y dopaminergic neuronal cells from 6-OHDA-induced toxicity via the deceasing of apoptotic caspases (cleaved caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9) and reducing of the Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Very possibly, VPA could serve as not only a mood stabilizer but also a potential antidote for PD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chen Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Wang
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Chen
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Li W, Gao H, Li W. Effects of Combined Bushen Zhichan Recipe and Levodopa in a Rodent Model of Parkinson Disease: Potential Mechanisms. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922345. [PMID: 32555131 PMCID: PMC7325557 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson disease is characterized by the loss of neurons in the substantia nigra, and under pathological conditions, glutamate can produce excitotoxic effects on nerve cells. The astrocytic excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) 1 can be functionally upregulated and targeted to functional compartments, resulting in reduced excitotoxicity. levodopa is the gold standard for the treatment of Parkinson disease, but prolonged levodopa treatment often leads to the development of abnormal involuntary movements. Numerous studies suggest the potential beneficial effects of traditional Chinese medicine on Parkinson disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS We validated the efficacy of a Bushen Zhichan recipe combined with levodopa in a rodent Parkinson disease model and explored its possible mechanisms. RESULTS Rats in the combined levodopa and Bushen Zhichan recipe group performed significantly better than the control group in the open field and forelimb function experiments. The number of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in rats in the levodopa and Bushen Zhichan recipe group was greater compared to controls. The levodopa and Bushen Zhichan recipe group exhibited decreased glutamate receptors and increased γ-aminobutyric acid receptors in the striatum. At the same time, EAAT1 was increased and EAAT2 was synchronized with the number of glutamate receptors. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that levodopa combined with Bushen Zhichan recipe significantly improves behavior and protects dopaminergic neurons in a rodent Parkinson disease model, and suggest that the mechanism involves the decrease of excitatory amino acid toxicity and the increase in the expression of EAAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Li
- Encephalopathy Department, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Han Gao
- Encephalopathy Department, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Wentao Li
- Encephalopathy Department, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Lei J, Ye G, Pertovaara A, You HJ. Effects of Heating-needle Stimulation in Restoration of Weakened Descending Inhibition of Nociception in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neuroscience 2020; 440:249-266. [PMID: 32504795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Here we investigated variations of endogenous descending modulation of nociception and therapeutic effects of intramuscular (i.m.) heating-needle stimulation in early stage of Parkinson's disease (PD) induced by unilateral microinjection of 3.5 μl of 2.5 μg/μl 6-hydroxydopamine into the rat striatum. Paw withdrawal reflexes to noxious mechanical and heat stimuli in PD rats with and without exposure to i.m. 5.8% saline induced muscle nociception were evaluated. Experimental PD had no influence on mechanical or heat sensitivity in the baseline condition, whereas descending facilitation was stronger and descending inhibition was weaker in PD rats than vehicle-treated or naive rats during muscle nociception (P < 0.05). Striatal administration of 5 μg of dopamine failed to reverse the PD-associated changes in descending facilitation or inhibition, whereas dopamine in the thalamic mediodorsal (MD) nucleus and ventromedial (VM) nucleus significantly decreased the increase in descending facilitation and reversed the attenuation in descending inhibition, respectively (P < 0.05). I.m. 43 °C of heating-needle stimulation had no effects on the enhanced descending facilitation in PD rats, but it markedly increased descending inhibition and reversed the increase in the number of apomorphine-induced body rotations (P < 0.05), which effects were dose-dependently attenuated by raclopride, a dopamine 2 receptor antagonist, in the thalamic VM nucleus (P < 0.05). The results indicate that the early-stage PD is associated with enhanced descending facilitation and weakened descending inhibition. From clinical perspective, 43 °C heat therapeutic regime promises to selectively enhance descending inhibition that is accompanied by improvement of motor dysfunction in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lei
- Center for Translational Medicine Research on Sensory-Motor Diseases, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, PR China; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, POB 63, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Gang Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, PR China
| | - Antti Pertovaara
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, POB 63, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Hao-Jun You
- Center for Translational Medicine Research on Sensory-Motor Diseases, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, PR China.
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The Cataleptic, Asymmetric, Analgesic, and Brain Biochemical Effects of Parkinson's Disease Can Be Affected by Toxoplasma gondii Infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2546365. [PMID: 32461971 PMCID: PMC7222602 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2546365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with progressive motor defects. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to examine whether catalepsy, asymmetry, and nociceptive behaviors; the Nissl-body and neuron distribution; brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); malondialdehyde (MDA); total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels; and the percentage of dopamine depletion of striatal neurons in the rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) can be affected by Toxoplasma gondii (TG) infection. Methods Fifty rats were divided into five groups: control (intact rats), sham (rats which received an intrastriatal injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF)), PD control (induction of PD without TG infection), TG control (rats infected by TG without PD induction), and PD infected (third week after PD induction, infection by TG was done). PD was induced by the unilateral intrastriatal microinjection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and ELISA quantified dopamine, BDNF, MDA, and TAC in the striatum tissue. Cataleptic, asymmetrical, nociceptive, and histological alterations were determined by bar test, elevated body swing test, formalin test, and Nissl-body and neuron counting in the striatal neurons. Results The results demonstrated that PD could significantly increase the number of biased swings, descent latency time, and nociceptive behavior and decrease the distribution of Nissl-stained neurons compared to the control and sham groups. TG infection significantly improved biased swing, descent latency time, nociceptive behavior, and the Nissl-body distribution in striatal neurons in comparison to the PD control group. The striatal level of BDNF in the PD-infected and TG control groups significantly increased relative to the PD control group. The striatal MDA was significantly higher in the PD control than other groups, while striatal TAC was significantly lower in the PD control than other groups. Conclusions The current study indicates that TG infection could improve the cataleptic, asymmetric, nociceptive and behaviors; the level of striatal dopamine release; BDNF levels; TAC; and MDA in PD rats.
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Rosa I, Di Censo D, Ranieri B, Di Giovanni G, Scarnati E, Alecci M, Galante A, Florio TM. Comparison between Tail Suspension Swing Test and Standard Rotation Test in Revealing Early Motor Behavioral Changes and Neurodegeneration in 6-OHDA Hemiparkinsonian Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082874. [PMID: 32326015 PMCID: PMC7216013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most commonly used in rodents. The anatomical, metabolic, and behavioral changes that occur after severe and stable 6-OHDA lesions have been extensively studied. Here, we investigated whether early motor behavioral deficits can be observed in the first week after the injection of 6-OHDA into the right substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), and if they were indicative of the severity of the dopaminergic (DAergic) lesion in the SNc and the striatum at different time-points (day 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21). With this aim, we used our newly modified tail suspension swing test (TSST), the standard rotation test (RT), and immunohistochemical staining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The TSST, but not the standard RT, revealed a spontaneous motor bias for the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats from the day 1 post-surgery. Both tests detected the motor asymmetry induced by (single and repeated) apomorphine (APO) challenges that correlated, in the first week, with the DAergic neuronal degeneration. The described TSST is fast and easy to perform, and in the drug-free condition is useful for the functional assessment of early motor asymmetry appearing after the 6-OHDA-lesion in the SNc, without the confounding effect of APO challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Rosa
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences (MESVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.D.C.); (B.R.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (T.M.F.)
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (G.D.G.)
| | - Davide Di Censo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences (MESVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.D.C.); (B.R.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (T.M.F.)
| | - Brigida Ranieri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences (MESVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.D.C.); (B.R.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (T.M.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences (MESVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.D.C.); (B.R.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (T.M.F.)
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (G.D.G.)
| | - Eugenio Scarnati
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Marcello Alecci
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences (MESVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.D.C.); (B.R.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (T.M.F.)
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Gran Sasso National Laboratories, Assergi, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- SPIN-CNR Institute, Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Angelo Galante
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences (MESVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.D.C.); (B.R.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (T.M.F.)
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Gran Sasso National Laboratories, Assergi, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- SPIN-CNR Institute, Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Tiziana Marilena Florio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences (MESVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.D.C.); (B.R.); (M.A.); (A.G.); (T.M.F.)
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39
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Fletcher EJR, Moon LDF, Duty S. Chondroitinase ABC reduces dopaminergic nigral cell death and striatal terminal loss in a 6-hydroxydopamine partial lesion mouse model of Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurosci 2019; 20:61. [PMID: 31862005 PMCID: PMC6923832 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-019-0543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterised by dopaminergic cell loss within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) that leads to reduced striatal dopamine content and resulting motor deficits. Identifying new strategies to protect these cells from degeneration and retain striatal dopaminergic innervation is therefore of great importance. Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are recognised contributors to the inhibitory extracellular milieu known to hinder tissue recovery following CNS damage. Digestion of these molecules by the bacterial lyase chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) has been shown to promote functional recovery in animal models of neurological injury. Although ChABC has been shown to promote sprouting of dopaminergic axons following transection of the nigrostriatal pathway, its ability to protect against nigrostriatal degeneration in a toxin-based module with better construct validity for PD has yet to be explored. Here we examined the neuroprotective efficacy of ChABC treatment in the full and partial 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion mouse models of PD. Results In mice bearing a full 6-OHDA lesion, ChABC treatment failed to protect against the loss of either nigral cells or striatal terminals. In contrast, in mice bearing a partial 6-OHDA lesion, ChABC treatment significantly protected cells of the rostral SNc, which remained at more than double the numbers seen in vehicle-treated animals. In the partial lesion model, ChABC treatment also significantly preserved dopaminergic fibres of the rostral dorsal striatum which increased from 15.3 ± 3.5% of the intact hemisphere in saline-treated animals to 36.3 ± 6.5% in the ChABC-treated group. These protective effects of ChABC treatment were not accompanied by improvements in either the cylinder or amphetamine-induced rotations tests of motor function. Conclusions ChABC treatment provided significant protection against a partial 6-OHDA lesion of the nigrostriatal tract although the degree of protection was not sufficient to improve motor outcomes. These results support further investigations into the benefits of ChABC treatment for providing neuroprotection in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J R Fletcher
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Lawrence D F Moon
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Susan Duty
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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40
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Adu TS, Mabandla MV. Effects of bromelain on motor responses following intra-medial forebrain bundle 6-OHDA injection in rat model of parkinsonism. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1557-1564. [PMID: 31332728 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The conventional therapeutic measures which include the widely used L-DOPA therapy, are inefficient especially when dopamine loss is severe, and the physical symptoms are full blown. Since neuroinflammation is a core feature of PD, this raised the question of whether early treatment with an anti-inflammatory agent may provide a more efficient intervention for PD. In this study, we investigated the effect of bromelain (an anti-inflammatory drug) on motor responses and dopamine levels in a parkinsonian rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were lesioned stereotaxically with the neurotoxin 6-OHDA. The anti-inflammatory agent, bromelain (40 mg/kg i.p) was used to treat a subset of the rats prior to or 24 h post 6-OHDA lesion. Locomotor activity was assessed after 6-OHDA injection, using the cylinder and step tests. The cortical and striatal concentrations of dopamine were also measured. 6-OHDA injection resulted in marked motor impairment which was prevented by pretreatment with bromelain prior to the lesion. Also, the injection of 6-OHDA into the medial forebrain bundle resulted in a significant reduction in dopamine concentration in the striatum and PFC. Bromelain treatment did not alter the suppression of cortical and striatal dopamine levels. Pre-treatment with bromelain reduced the motor dysfunction in the parkinsonian rat model of PD. The efficacy of treatment with bromelain does not appear to be via preservation of the dopaminergic system. The efficacy of bromelain in 6-OHDA injected rats still remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope Samson Adu
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Musa Vuyisile Mabandla
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
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41
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Medeiros DDC, Lopes Aguiar C, Moraes MFD, Fisone G. Sleep Disorders in Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1414. [PMID: 31827439 PMCID: PMC6892229 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders are frequently diagnosed in Parkinson’s disease and manifested in the prodromal and advanced stages of the disease. These conditions, which in some cases affect more than 50% of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, include hypersomnia, often manifested as excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, characterized by delayed initiation and fragmentation of sleep at night, and disruption of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, resulting in loss of atonia and dream enactment. Standard dopamine replacement therapies for the treatment of motor symptoms are generally inadequate to combat sleep abnormalities, which seriously affect the quality of life of PD patients. Rodent models still represent a major tool for the study of many aspects of PD. They have been primarily designed to eliminate midbrain dopamine neurons and elicit motor impairment, which are the traditional pathological features of PD. However, rodent models are increasingly employed to investigate non-motor symptoms, which are often caused by degenerative processes affecting multiple monoaminergic and peptidergic structures. This review describes how neurotoxic and genetic manipulations of rats and mice have been utilized to reproduce some of the major sleep disturbances associated with PD and to what extent these abnormalities can be linked to nondopaminergic dysfunction, affecting for instance noradrenaline, serotonin, and orexin transmission. Strengths and limitations are discussed, as well as the consistency of results obtained so far, and the need for models that better reproduce the multisystemic neurodegenerative nature of PD, thereby allowing to replicate the complex etiology of sleep-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel de Castro Medeiros
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Lopes Aguiar
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Márcio Flávio Dutra Moraes
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Dexmedetomidine attenuates the induction and reverses the progress of 6-hydroxydopamine- induced parkinsonism; involvement of KATP channels, alpha 2 adrenoceptors and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 382:114743. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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López-Ramírez G, Sánchez-Zavaleta R, Ávalos-Fuentes A, José Sierra J, Paz-Bermúdez F, Leyva-Gómez G, Segovia Vila J, Cortés H, Florán B. D 2 autoreceptor switches CB 2 receptor effects on [ 3 H]-dopamine release in the striatum. Synapse 2019; 74:e22139. [PMID: 31610050 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CB2 receptors (CB2 R) are expressed in midbrain neurons. To evidence the control of dopamine release in dorsal striatum by CB2 R, we performed experiments of [3 H]-dopamine release in dorsal striatal slices. We found a paradoxical increase in K+ -induced [3 H]-dopamine release by CB2 R activation with GW 833972A and JWH 133 two selective agonist. To understand the mechanism involved, we tested for a role of the D2 autoreceptor in this effect; because in pallidal structures, the inhibitory effect of CB1 receptors (CB1 R) on GABA release is switched to a stimulatory effect by D2 receptors (D2 R). We found that the blockade of D2 autoreceptors with sulpiride prevented the stimulatory effect of CB2 R activation; in fact, under this condition, CB2 R decreased dopamine release, indicating the role of the D2 autoreceptor in the paradoxical increase. We also found that the effect occurs in nigrostriatal terminals, since lesions with 6-OH dopamine in the middle forebrain bundle prevented CB2 R effects on release. In addition, D2 -CB2 R interaction promoted cAMP accumulation, and the increase in [3 H]-dopamine release was prevented by PKA blockade. D2 -CB2 R coprecipitation and proximity ligation assay studies indicated a close interaction of receptors that could participate in the observed effects. Finally, intrastriatal injection of CB2 R agonist induced contralateral turning in amphetamine-treated rats, which was prevented by sulpiride, indicating the role of the interaction in motor behavior. Thus, these data indicate that the D2 autoreceptor switches, from inhibitory to stimulatory, the CB2 R effects on dopamine release, involving the cAMP → PKA pathway in nigrostriatal terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel López-Ramírez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Sánchez-Zavaleta
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Arturo Ávalos-Fuentes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan José Sierra
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisco Paz-Bermúdez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Segovia Vila
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Florán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Haghdoost-Yazdi H, Piri H, Najafipour R, Faraji A, Fraidouni N, Dargahi T, Alipour Heidari M. Blockade of fast A-type and TEA-sensitive potassium channels provide an antiparkinsonian effect in a 6-OHDA animal model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 22:44-50. [PMID: 28064330 PMCID: PMC5726837 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2017.1.20160266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of K+ channels inhibitors in treatment of parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted in the Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from April 2015 to January 2016. Male rats (n=37) received intraperitoneal doses of TEA (2 and 5 mg/kg) or 4-AP (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) twice-daily, before a stereotactic injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) for the following 7 days. The 6-OHDA was injected into right medial forebrain bundle (MFB) of the rat brains. Development and severity of PD were assessed using the apomorphine-induced rotational test, the elevated body swing test and rotarod tests. Concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress, was measured in rat sera. Results: Tetraethylammonium and 4-AP significantly reduced the number of apomorphine-induced rotations and improved motor learning in the rotarod test at both doses. Administration of 4-AP and TEA together was more effective than single administration of either agent. Malondialdehyde measurement showed that pretreatment with TEA could not prevent 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress. Conclusion: Our results showed that pretreatment with TEA and 4-AP has a neuroprotective effect against 6-OHDA in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Haghdoost-Yazdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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45
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Trabecular meshwork mesenchymal stem cell transplantation improve motor symptoms of parkinsonian rat model. Biologicals 2019; 61:61-67. [PMID: 31262640 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a new therapeutic strategy in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, in this study, the therapeutic effects of Trabecular Meshwork Mesenchymal Stem Cells (TM-MSCs) transplantation, as a new source of mesenchymal stem cells, were evaluated in the animal model of PD. After the development and confirmation of hemi-parkinsonian rats by administration of 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) and apomorphine-induced rotation test, green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled TM-MSCs (normal and induced cells) were transplanted in the striatum of rats. Next, the rotation test, rotarod test, open field, passive avoidance memory tests and immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were done. The results showed that the number of turns significantly decreased and the improvement of motor performance was achieved after cell transplantation. However, there was no significant difference in passive avoidance memory of animals documented by shuttle box test. The number of GFP- labeled cells expressing TH significantly is increased compared to the vehicle group. Collectively, it seems that TM-MSCs and induced TM-MSCs cell transplantation have positive effects on some aspects of the animal model of PD. Other studies may reveal the potentially positive aspects of these cells in the laboratory and clinical studies.
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46
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Involvement of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels in the neuroprotective activity of hydrogen sulfide in the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced animal model of Parkinson's disease. Behav Pharmacol 2019; 29:336-343. [PMID: 29239973 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exerts a neuroprotective effect and may have a therapeutic value for treating neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective activity of H2S in vivo. Here, we evaluated the effect of glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker, on the neuroprotective activity of H2S in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) animal model of Parkinson's disease. 6-OHDA was administered by stereotaxic surgery into the medial forebrain bundle. Sodium hydrosulfate (NaHS, 3 and 5.6 mg/kg), as a donor of H2S, alone or in combination with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), was daily injected for 7 days starting 1-2 h before the stereotaxic surgery. After an apomorphine-induced rotational test, the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta was determined by immunofluorescence. The striatal dopamine level and oxidative stress markers were also measured in brain homogenates. Pretreatment with NaHS significantly attenuated 6-OHDA-induced motor asymmetry in the rotational test. Histological and biochemical evaluations demonstrated that NaHS, especially at high dose, increased the survival of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and reduced the decreasing effect of 6-OHDA on striatal dopamine levels. However, co-administration of glibenclamide reversed the antiparkinsonian and neuroprotective effects of NaHS. However, glibenclamide did not change the reducing effect of NaHS on 6-OHDA-induced overproduction of malondialdehyde. Our data show that ATP-sensitive potassium channels are involved in the antiparkinsonian and neuroprotective effects of H2S in the 6-OHDA animal model of Parkinson's disease.
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Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injected Intrastriatally into Hemiparkinsonian Rats Improves the Initiation Time for Left and Right Forelimbs in Both Forehand and Backhand Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040992. [PMID: 30823527 PMCID: PMC6412467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Forelimb stepping is a widely used test for the assessment of forelimb akinesia in hemiparkinsonian (hemi-PD) rats. The initiation time (IT) is considered the most sensitive parameter in the stepping test procedure. Here we propose a novel, reliable, and simple method for the measurement of IT of both forelimbs in both forehand and backhand directions in rats. Evaluating the same videos taken for quantifying adjusting steps, IT measurements were done without additional experiments. This is in contrast to the classical approach introduced by Olsson et al. (1995), in which separate experiments are necessary. We successfully applied our approach to hemi-PD rats intrastriatally treated with botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A). In naïve rats, an IT of about 0.62 s was found, and in right-sided hemi-PD rats the IT of the left forepaw increased to about 3.62 s. These hemi-PD rats showed, however, reduced ITs of the impaired left forepaws 1 month and the second time 7 months after induction of hemi-PD via the injection of 1 ng BoNT-A into the ipsilateral striatum, depending on post BoNT-A survival time. The method described offers the possibility of a precise and animal-friendly evaluation of IT in rats, including the beneficial effect of BoNT-A treatment in hemi-PD rats.
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Rentsch P, Stayte S, Morris GP, Vissel B. Time dependent degeneration of the nigrostriatal tract in mice with 6-OHDA lesioned medial forebrain bundle and the effect of activin A on L-Dopa induced dyskinesia. BMC Neurosci 2019; 20:5. [PMID: 30760214 PMCID: PMC6374903 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-019-0487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurately assessing promising therapeutic interventions for human diseases depends, in part, on the reproducibility of preclinical disease models. With the development of transgenic mice, the rapid adaptation of a 6-OHDA mouse model of Parkinson’s disease that was originally described for the use in rats has come with a lack of a comprehensive characterization of lesion progression. In this study we therefore first characterised the time course of neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta and striatum over a 4 week period following 6-OHDA injection into the medial forebrain bundle of mice. We then utilised the model to assess the anti-dyskinetic efficacy of recombinant activin A, a putative neuroprotectant and anti-inflammatory that is endogenously upregulated during the course of Parkinson’s disease. Results We found that degeneration of fibers in the striatum was fully established within 1 week following 6-OHDA administration, but that the loss of neurons continued to progress over time, becoming fully established 3 weeks after the 6-OHDA injection. In assessing the anti-dyskinetic efficacy of activin A using this model we found that treatment with activin A did not significantly reduce the severity, or delay the time-of-onset, of dyskinesia. Conclusion First, the current study concludes that a 3 week duration is required to establish a complete lesion of the nigrostriatal tract following 6-OHDA injection into the medial forebrain bundle of mice. Second, we found that activin A was not anti-dyskinetic in this model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12868-019-0487-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Rentsch
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.,St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), 405 Liverpool St, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sandy Stayte
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.,St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), 405 Liverpool St, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Gary P Morris
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.,St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), 405 Liverpool St, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Bryce Vissel
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia. .,St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research (AMR), 405 Liverpool St, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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Zheng X, Huang Z, Zhu Y, Liu B, Chen Z, Chen T, Jia L, Li Y, Lei W. Increase in Glutamatergic Terminals in the Striatum Following Dopamine Depletion in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1079-1089. [PMID: 30715657 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neuron degeneration is known to give rise to dendrite injury and spine loss of striatal neurons, however, changes of intrastriatal glutamatergic terminals and their synapses after 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA)-induced dopamine (DA)-depletion remains controversial. To confirm the effect of striatal DA-depletion on the morphology and protein levels of corticostriatal and thalamostriatal glutamatergic terminals and synapses, immunohistochemistry, immuno-electron microscope (EM), western blotting techniques were performed on Parkinson's disease rat models in this study. The experimental results of this study showed that: (1) 6OHDA-induced DA-depletion resulted in a remarkable increase of Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGlut1) + and Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGlut2)+ terminal densities at both the light microscope (LM) and EM levels, and VGlut1+ and VGlut2+ terminal sizes were shown to be enlarged by immuno-EM; (2) Striatal DA-depletion resulted in a decrease in both the total and axospinous terminal fractions of VGlut1+ terminals, but the axodendritic terminal fraction was not significantly different from the control group. However, total, axospinous and axodendritic terminal fractions for VGlut2+ terminals declined significantly after striatal DA-depletion. (3) Western blotting data showed that striatal DA-depletion up-regulated the expression levels of the VGlut1 and VGlut2 proteins. These results suggest that 6OHDA-induced DA-depletion affects corticostriatal and thalamostriatal glutamatergic synaptic inputs, which are involved in the pathological process of striatal neuron injury induced by DA-depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyun Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linju Jia
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanlong Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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50
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Ahmadian N, Mahmoudi J, Talebi M, Molavi L, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Rostrup E, Ziaee M. Sleep deprivation disrupts striatal anti-apoptotic responses in 6-hydroxy dopamine-lesioned parkinsonian rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 21:1289-1296. [PMID: 30627374 PMCID: PMC6312672 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.28546.6919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): The present study was conducted to examine the effect of sleep deprivation (SD) on the anti-apoptotic pathways in Parkinsonian rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 40) were assigned to four groups (10 animals each): sham surgery (Sham), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned (OH), 6-OHDA-lesioned plus grid control (OH+GC), 6-OHDA-lesioned plus SD (OH+SD). Parkinson’s disease (PD) model was induced by the unilateral intra-striatal infusion of 6-OHDA (10 µg/rat). SD (4 hr/day, for 14 days) was induced using a multiple platforms water tank. On the last day of interventions, animals were subjected to open field test for horizontal motor performance assessment. Also, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Bcl-2 and Bax were assessed in the striatum of study groups. Results: SD obscured the motor deficits of PD animals observed in open field test. BDNF level and Bcl2/Bax ratio significantly increased in the OH group, and SD reduced their levels in the PD animals. Conclusion: SD suppressed the anti-apoptotic compensatory responses in the striatum; therefore, it may accelerate continual neuronal cell death in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Ahmadian
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Talebi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Molavi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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