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Wang B, Xu Y, Peng S, Wang H, Li F. Detection Method of Epileptic Seizures Using a Neural Network Model Based on Multimodal Dual-Stream Networks. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3360. [PMID: 38894151 PMCID: PMC11174829 DOI: 10.3390/s24113360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, and its diagnosis mainly relies on the analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. However, the raw EEG signals contain limited recognizable features, and in order to increase the recognizable features in the input of the network, the differential features of the signals, the amplitude spectrum and the phase spectrum in the frequency domain are extracted to form a two-dimensional feature vector. In order to solve the problem of recognizing multimodal features, a neural network model based on a multimodal dual-stream network is proposed, which uses a mixture of one-dimensional convolution, two-dimensional convolution and LSTM neural networks to extract the spatial features of the EEG two-dimensional vectors and the temporal features of the signals, respectively, and combines the advantages of the two networks, using the hybrid neural network to extract both the temporal and spatial features of the signals at the same time. In addition, a channel attention module was used to focus the model on features related to seizures. Finally, multiple sets of experiments were conducted on the Bonn and New Delhi data sets, and the highest accuracy rates of 99.69% and 97.5% were obtained on the test set, respectively, verifying the superiority of the proposed model in the task of epileptic seizure detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyang Wang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (B.W.)
| | - Yidong Xu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (B.W.)
| | - Siyu Peng
- School of Information Engineering, Changji University, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Changji 831100, China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (B.W.)
| | - Fang Li
- School of Information Engineering, Changji University, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Changji 831100, China
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Piwowarczyk S, Obłój P, Janicki Ł, Kowalik K, Łukaszuk A, Siemiński M. Seizure-Related Head Injuries: A Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2024; 14:473. [PMID: 38790452 PMCID: PMC11118010 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases. Epileptic seizures very often result in head injuries that may lead to many adverse consequences, both acute and chronic. They contribute to the need for hospitalization, modification of treatment, and a general decline in social productivity. The objective of our review is to characterize and assess management aspects of seizure-related head injuries (SRHIs) as an important and frequent clinical problem present in emergency department settings. PubMed and other relevant databases and websites were systematically searched for articles on traumatic brain injuries connected with the occurrence of seizures published from inception to 9 April 2024; then, we reviewed the available literature. Our review showed that SRHIs can lead to various acute complications, in some cases requiring hospitalization and neurosurgical intervention. Long-term complications and cognitive decline after injury might be present, eventually implying a negative impact on a patient's quality of life. Despite being frequent and clinically important, there are still no widely accepted, uniform recommendations for the management of patients with SRHIs. As such, a concise and standardized protocol for the management of seizure-related head injuries in emergency departments is worth consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Piwowarczyk
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland; (S.P.); (P.O.); (Ł.J.); (K.K.)
| | - Paweł Obłój
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland; (S.P.); (P.O.); (Ł.J.); (K.K.)
| | - Łukasz Janicki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland; (S.P.); (P.O.); (Ł.J.); (K.K.)
| | - Kornelia Kowalik
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland; (S.P.); (P.O.); (Ł.J.); (K.K.)
| | - Adam Łukaszuk
- Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine And Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK;
| | - Mariusz Siemiński
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland; (S.P.); (P.O.); (Ł.J.); (K.K.)
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Deane KE, Klymentiev R, Heck J, Mark MD, Ohl FW, Heine M, Happel MFK. Inhibiting presynaptic calcium channel motility in the auditory cortex suppresses synchronized input processing. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1369047. [PMID: 38660672 PMCID: PMC11041022 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1369047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The emergent coherent population activity from thousands of stochastic neurons in the brain is believed to constitute a key neuronal mechanism for salient processing of external stimuli and its link to internal states like attention and perception. In the sensory cortex, functional cell assemblies are formed by recurrent excitation and inhibitory influences. The stochastic dynamics of each cell involved is largely orchestrated by presynaptic CAV2.1 voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). Cav2.1 VGCCs initiate the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic compartment and are therefore able to add variability into synaptic transmission which can be partly explained by their mobile organization around docked vesicles. Methods To investigate the relevance of Cav2.1 channel surface motility for the input processing in the primary auditory cortex (A1) in vivo, we make use of a new optogenetic system which allows for acute, reversable cross-linking Cav2.1 VGCCs via a photo-cross-linkable cryptochrome mutant, CRY2olig. In order to map neuronal activity across all cortical layers of the A1, we performed laminar current-source density (CSD) recordings with varying auditory stimulus sets in transgenic mice with a citrine tag on the N-terminus of the VGCCs. Results Clustering VGCCs suppresses overall sensory-evoked population activity, particularly when stimuli lead to a highly synchronized distribution of synaptic inputs. Discussion Our findings reveal the importance of membrane dynamics of presynaptic calcium channels for sensory encoding by dynamically adjusting network activity across a wide range of synaptic input strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina E. Deane
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Ruslan Klymentiev
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Heck
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie D. Mark
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Frank W. Ohl
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Heine
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Max F. K. Happel
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
- MSB Medical School Berlin, Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany
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Tsytsarev V, Sopova JV, Leonova EI, Inyushin M, Markina AA, Chirinskaite AV, Volnova AB. Neurophotonic methods in approach to in vivo animal epileptic models: Advantages and limitations. Epilepsia 2024; 65:600-614. [PMID: 38115808 PMCID: PMC10948300 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Neurophotonic technology is a rapidly growing group of techniques that are based on the interactions of light with natural or genetically modified cells of the neural system. New optical technologies make it possible to considerably extend the tools of neurophysiological research, from the visualization of functional activity changes to control of brain tissue excitability. This opens new perspectives for studying the mechanisms underlying the development of human neurological diseases. Epilepsy is one of the most common brain disorders; it is characterized by recurrent seizures and affects >1% of the world's population. However, how seizures occur, spread, and terminate in a healthy brain is still unclear. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop appropriate models to accurately explore the causal relationship of epileptic activity. The use of neurophotonic technologies in epilepsy research falls into two broad categories: the visualization of neural epileptic activity, and the direct optical influence on neurons to induce or suppress epileptic activity. An optogenetic variant of the classical kindling model of epileptic seizures, in which activatable cells are genetically defined, is called optokindling. Research is also underway concerning the application of neurophotonic techniques for suppressing epileptic activity, aiming to bring these methods into clinical practice. This review aims to systematize and describe new approaches that use combinations of different neurophotonic methods to work with in vivo models of epilepsy. These approaches overcome many of the shortcomings associated with classical animal models of epilepsy and thus increase the effectiveness of developing new diagnostic methods and antiepileptic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology 20 Penn St, HSF-2, 21201 MD, Baltimore, United States
| | - Julia V. Sopova
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I. Leonova
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail Inyushin
- School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, PR 00956, USA
| | - Alisa A. Markina
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Angelina V. Chirinskaite
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna B. Volnova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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Zhang Q, Sun W, Huang K, Qin L, Wen S, Long X, Wang Q, Feng L. Frontal lobe epilepsy: an eye tracking study of memory and attention. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1298468. [PMID: 38116071 PMCID: PMC10728291 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1298468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the characteristics and mechanisms of working memory impairment in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) through a memory game paradigm combined with eye tracking technology. Method We included 44 patients with FLE and 50 healthy controls (HC). All participants completed a series of neuropsychological scale assessments and a short-term memory game on an automated computer-based memory evaluation platform with an eye tracker. Results Memory scale scores of FLE patients including digit span (U = 747.50, p = 0.007), visual recognition (U = 766.50, p = 0.010), and logical memory (U = 544.00, p < 0.001) were significantly lower than HC. The patients with FLE took longer to complete the four levels of difficulty of the short-term memory game than healthy controls (level 1: U = 2974.50, p = 0.000; level 2: U = 3060.50, p = 0.000; level 3: U = 2465.00, p = 0.000; level 4: U = 2199.00, p = 0.000). During the memory decoding period, first fixation on the targets took significantly longer for FLE patients for all difficulty levels compared to controls (level 1: U = 3407.00, p = 0.008; level 2: U = 3618.00, p = 0.036; level 3: U = 3345.00, p = 0.006; level 4: U = 2781.00, p = 0.000). The average fixation duration per target among patients with FLE was found to be significantly longer compared to HC (level 1: U = 2994.50, p = 0.000; level 2: U = 3101.00, p = 0.000; level 3: U = 2559.50, p = 0.000; level 4: U = 2184.50, p = 0.000). The total fixation duration on AOI/total completion time of FLE patients was significantly lower than those of HC for levels 1 to 3 (level 1: U = 1557.00, p = 0.000; level 2: U = 2333.00, p = 0.000; level 3: U = 2757.00, p = 0.000). Furthermore, the eye tracking data during the memory decoding phase were correlated with neuropsychological scale scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion Patients with FLE exhibited short-term memory impairment probably due to deficits in attentional maintenance, especially during the memory decoding phase. Eye tracking technology provided the possibility to help separate and quantify visual attention from memory processing, contributing to exploring underlying mechanisms of memory impairment in FLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weifeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi’an, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kailing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shirui Wen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Long
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi’an, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wang Y, Tsytsarev V, Liao LD. In vivo laser speckle contrast imaging of 4-aminopyridine- or pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:036119. [PMID: 37781728 PMCID: PMC10541235 DOI: 10.1063/5.0158791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies on epileptic seizures are closely linked to the study of neurovascular coupling. Obtaining reliable information about cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the area of epileptic activity through minimally invasive techniques is crucial for research in this field. In our studies, we used laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) to gather information about the local blood circulation in the area of epileptic activity. We used two models of epileptic seizures: one based on 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and another based on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). We verified the duration of an epileptic seizure using electrocorticography (ECoG). We applied the antiepileptic drug topiramate (TPM) to both models, but its effect was different in each case. However, in both models, TPM had an effect on neurovascular coupling in the area of epileptic activity, as shown by both LSCI and ECoG data. We demonstrated that TPM significantly reduced the amplitude of 4-AP-induced epileptic seizures (4-AP+TPM: 0.61 ± 0.13 mV vs 4-AP: 1.08 ± 0.19 mV; p < 0.05), and it also reduced gamma power in ECoG in PTZ-induced epileptic seizures (PTZ+TPM: 38.5% ± 11.9% of the peak value vs PTZ: 59.2% ± 3.0% of peak value; p < 0.05). We also captured the pattern of CBF changes during focal epileptic seizures induced by 4-AP. Our data confirm that the system of simultaneous cortical LSCI and registration of ECoG makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological agents in various types of epileptic seizures in in vivo models and provides spatial and temporal information on the process of ictogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSF-2, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Lun-De Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Rd., Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
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Zhong L, Wan J, Yi F, He S, Wu J, Huang Z, Lu Y, Yang J, Li Z. Epileptic prediction using spatiotemporal information combined with optimal features strategy on EEG. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1174005. [PMID: 37081931 PMCID: PMC10111052 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1174005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Epilepsy is the second most common brain neurological disease after stroke, which has the characteristics of sudden and recurrence. Seizure prediction is seriously important for improving the quality of patients' lives. Methods From the perspective of multiple dimensions including time-frequency, entropy and brain network, this paper proposed a novel approach by constructing the optimal spatiotemporal feature set to predict seizures. Based on strong independence and large information capabilities, the two-dimensional feature screening algorithm is performed to eliminate unnecessary redundant features. In order to verify the effectiveness of the optimal feature set, support vector machine (SVM) was used to classify the preictal and interictal states on both the Kaggle intracranial EEG and CHB-MIT scalp EEG dataset. Results This model achieved an average accuracy of 98.01%, AUC of 0.96, F-Score of 98.3% and FPR of 0.0383/h on the Kaggle dataset; On the CHB-MIT dataset, the average accuracy, AUC, F-score and FPR were 95.93%, 0.92, 94.97% and 0.0473/h, respectively. Further ablation experiments have confirmed that the temporal and spatial features fusion has better performance than the individual temporal or spatial features. Conclusion Compared to the state-of-the-art methods, our approach outperforms most of these existing techniques. The results show that our approach can effectively extract the spatiotemporal information of epileptic EEG signals to predict epileptic seizures with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Zhong
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
- School of Medical Information and Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiangzhong Wan
- School of Medical Information and Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fangji Yi
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuling He
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Wu
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
- School of Medical Information and Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- School of Medical Information and Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiazhang Yang
- Yongchuan Women and Children Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhangyong Li
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
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Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Levetiracetam in a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Model. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030848. [PMID: 36979827 PMCID: PMC10045287 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder in which it has been shown that the presence of oxidative stress (OS) is implicated in epileptogenesis. The literature has shown that some antiseizure drugs (ASD) have neuroprotective properties. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a drug commonly used as an ASD, and in some studies, it has been found to possess antioxidant properties. Because the antioxidant effects of LEV have not been demonstrated in the chronic phase of epilepsy, the objective of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the effects of LEV on the oxidant–antioxidant status in the hippocampus of rats with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The in vitro scavenging capacity of LEV was evaluated. LEV administration in rats with TLE significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, increased catalase (CAT) activity, but did not change glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and significantly decreased glutathione reductase (GR) activity in comparison with epileptic rats. LEV administration in rats with TLE significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels but did not change lipoperoxidation and carbonylated protein levels in comparison with epileptic rats. In addition, LEV showed in vitro scavenging activity against hydroxyl radical (HO•). LEV showed significant antioxidant effects in relation to restoring the redox balance in the hippocampus of rats with TLE. In vitro, LEV demonstrated direct antioxidant activity against HO•.
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Plachez C, Tsytsarev V, Zhao S, Erzurumlu RS. Amyloid Deposition and Dendritic Complexity of Corticocortical Projection Cells in Five Familial Alzheimer's Disease Mouse. Neuroscience 2023; 512:85-98. [PMID: 36549605 PMCID: PMC10112867 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, amyloid beta (Aβ) and amyloid plaques can disrupt long-term synaptic plasticity, learning and memory and cognitive function. Plaque accumulation can disrupt corticocortical circuitry leading to abnormalities in sensory, motor, and cognitive processing. In this study, using 5xFAD (five Familial Alzheimer's Disease - FAD - mutations) mice, we evaluated amyloid plaque formation in different cortical areas, and whether differential amyloid accumulation across cortical fields correlates with changes in dendritic complexity of layer 3 corticocortical projection neurons and functional responses in the primary somatosensory cortex following whisker stimulation. We focused on three cortical areas: the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), the primary motor cortex (M1), and the prefrontal cortex (PFC including the anterior cingulate, prelimbic, and infralimbic subdivisions). We found that Aβ and amyloid plaque accumulation is not uniform across 5xFAD cortical areas, while there is no expression in littermate controls. We also found that there are differential layer 3 pyramidal cell dendritic complexity changes across the three areas in 5xFAD mice, compared to same age controls, with no apparent relation to differential amyloid accumulation. We used voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDi) to visualize neural activity in S1, M1 and PFC following whisker activation. Control mice show normal physiological responses in all three cortical areas, whereas 5xFAD mice only display physiological responses in S1. Taken together our results show that 5xFAD mutation affects the overall dendritic morphology of layer 3 pyramidal cells across sensory-motor and association cortex irrespective of the density and distribution of the Aβ amyloid proteins. Corticocortical circuitry between the sensory and motor/association areas is most likely disrupted in 5xFAD mice as cortical responses to whisker stimulation are altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Plachez
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 20 Penn St, HSF-2, Baltimore, 21201 MD, USA.
| | - Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 20 Penn St, HSF-2, Baltimore, 21201 MD, USA.
| | - Shuxin Zhao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 20 Penn St, HSF-2, Baltimore, 21201 MD, USA.
| | - Reha S Erzurumlu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 20 Penn St, HSF-2, Baltimore, 21201 MD, USA.
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Tsytsarev V, Kwon SE, Plachez C, Zhao S, O'Connor DH, Erzurumlu RS. Layers 3 and 4 Neurons of the Bilateral Whisker-Barrel Cortex. Neuroscience 2022; 494:140-151. [PMID: 35598701 PMCID: PMC9884091 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In Robo3R3-5cKO mouse brain, rhombomere 3-derived trigeminal principal nucleus (PrV) neurons project bilaterally to the somatosensory thalamus. As a consequence, whisker-specific neural modules (barreloids and barrels) representing whiskers on both sides of the face develop in the sensory thalamus and the primary somatosensory cortex. We examined the morphological complexity of layer 4 barrel cells, their postsynaptic partners in layer 3, and functional specificity of layer 3 pyramidal cells. Layer 4 spiny stellate cells form much smaller barrels and their dendritic fields are more focalized and less complex compared to controls, while layer 3 pyramidal cells did not show notable differences. Using in vivo 2-photon imaging of a genetically encoded fluorescent [Ca2+] sensor, we visualized neural activity in the normal and Robo3R3-5cKO barrel cortex in response to ipsi- and contralateral single whisker stimulation. Layer 3 neurons in control animals responded only to their contralateral whiskers, while in the mutant cortex layer 3 pyramidal neurons showed both ipsi- and contralateral whisker responses. These results indicate that bilateral whisker map inputs stimulate different but neighboring groups of layer 3 neurons which normally relay contralateral whisker-specific information to other cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 20 Penn St, HSF-2, 21201 MD, Baltimore, United States.
| | - Sung E Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience, John Hopkins School of Medicine, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Rangos 295, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
| | - Celine Plachez
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 20 Penn St, HSF-2, 21201 MD, Baltimore, United States.
| | - Shuxin Zhao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 20 Penn St, HSF-2, 21201 MD, Baltimore, United States.
| | - Daniel H O'Connor
- Department of Neuroscience and Krieger Mind/Brain Institute Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, 338 Krieger Hall, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States.
| | - Reha S Erzurumlu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 20 Penn St, HSF-2, 21201 MD, Baltimore, United States.
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Tsytsarev V. Methodological aspects of studying the mechanisms of consciousness. Behav Brain Res 2022; 419:113684. [PMID: 34838578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There are at least two approaches to the definition of consciousness. In the first case, certain aspects of consciousness, called qualia, are considered inaccessible for research from a third person and can only be described through subjective experience. This approach is inextricably linked with the so-called "hard problem of consciousness", that is, the question of why consciousness has qualia or how any physical changes in the environment can generate subjective experience. With this approach, some aspects of consciousness, by definition, cannot be explained on the basis of external observations and, therefore, are outside the scope of scientific research. In the second case, a priori constraints do not constrain the field of scientific investigation, and the best explanation of the experience in the first person is included as a possible subject of empirical research. Historically, in the study of cause-and-effect relationships in biology, it was customary to distinguish between proximate causation and ultimate causation existing in biological systems. Immediate causes are based on the immediate influencing factors [1]. Proximate causation has evolutionary explanations. When studying biological systems themselves, such an approach is undoubtedly justified, but it often seems insufficient when studying the interaction of consciousness and the brain [2,3]. Current scientific communities proceed from the assumption that the physical substrate for the generation of consciousness is a neural network that unites various types of neurons located in various brain structures. Many neuroscientists attach a key role in this process to the cortical and thalamocortical neural networks. This question is directly related to experimental and clinical research in the field of disorder of consciousness. Progress in this area of medicine depends on advances in neuroscience in this area and is also a powerful source of empirical information. In this area of consciousness research, a large amount of experimental data has been accumulated, and in this review an attempt was made to generalize and systematize.
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McElroy DL, Roebuck AJ, Greba Q, Garai S, Brandt AL, Yilmaz O, Cain SM, Snutch TP, Thakur GA, Laprairie RB, Howland JG. The type 1 cannabinoid receptor positive allosteric modulators GAT591 and GAT593 reduce spike-and-wave discharges in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 12:121-130. [PMID: 35128516 PMCID: PMC8804275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is a non-convulsive seizure disorder primarily in children characterized by absence seizures. Absence seizures consist of 2.5–5 Hz spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) detectable using electroencephalography (EEG). Current drug treatments are only partially effective and adverse side effects have spurred research into alternative treatment approaches. Recent research shows that positive allosteric modulation of the type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) reduces the frequency and duration of SWDs in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), a model that recapitulates the SWDs in CAE. Here, we tested additional CB1R ago-PAMs, GAT591 and GAT593, for their potential in alleviating SWD activity in GAERS. In vitro experiments confirm that GAT591 and GAT593 exhibit increased potency and selectivity in cell cultures and behave as CB1R allosteric agonists and PAMs. To assess drug effects on SWDs, bilateral electrodes were surgically implanted in the somatosensory cortices of male GAERS and EEGs recorded for 4 h following systemic administration of GAT591 or GAT593 (1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg). Both GAT591 and GAT593 dose-dependently reduced total SWD duration during the recording period. The greatest effect on SWD activity was observed at 10.0 mg/kg doses, with GAT591 and GAT593 reducing seizure duration by 36% and 34% respectively. Taken together, these results support the continued investigation of CB1R PAMs as a potential therapeutic to alleviate SWDs in absence epilepsy. Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of cannabinoid type 1 receptors may help treat absence epilepsy. Two ago-PAMs for CB1Rs were assessed using in vitro and in vivo assays. The increased efficacy of the CB1R-PAMs GAT591 and GAT593 was confirmed in vitro. Systemic injection of either compound reduced spike-and-wave discharges in a rat genetic model of absence epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan L. McElroy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Roebuck
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- School of Liberal Arts, Yukon University, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5K4, Canada
| | - Quentin Greba
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Sumanta Garai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Asher L. Brandt
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Orhan Yilmaz
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Stuart M. Cain
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Terrance P. Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ganesh A. Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Robert B. Laprairie
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Correspondence to: College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 3B36 - 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - John G. Howland
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Correspondence to: Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, GD30.7, Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Bandopadhyay R, Singh T, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Piperi C, Ahmad J, Alhakamy NA, Alfaleh MA, Mishra A. Recent Developments in Diagnosis of Epilepsy: Scope of MicroRNA and Technological Advancements. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1097. [PMID: 34827090 PMCID: PMC8615191 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, characterized by recurrent seizures, resulting from abnormally synchronized episodic neuronal discharges. Around 70 million people worldwide are suffering from epilepsy. The available antiepileptic medications are capable of controlling seizures in around 60-70% of patients, while the rest remain refractory. Poor seizure control is often associated with neuro-psychiatric comorbidities, mainly including memory impairment, depression, psychosis, neurodegeneration, motor impairment, neuroendocrine dysfunction, etc., resulting in poor prognosis. Effective treatment relies on early and correct detection of epileptic foci. Although there are currently a few well-established diagnostic techniques for epilepsy, they lack accuracy and cannot be applied to patients who are unsupportive or harbor metallic implants. Since a single test result from one of these techniques does not provide complete information about the epileptic foci, it is necessary to develop novel diagnostic tools. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current diagnostic tools of epilepsy, including electroencephalography (EEG) as well as structural and functional neuroimaging. We further discuss recent trends and advances in the diagnosis of epilepsy that will enable more effective diagnosis and clinical management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritam Bandopadhyay
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;
| | - Tanveer Singh
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (C.P.)
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (C.P.)
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Alfaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)—Guwahati, Changsari, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India
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Socio-Economic Disparities in Access to Diagnostic Neuroimaging Services in the United Kingdom: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010633. [PMID: 34682379 PMCID: PMC8535632 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Socio-economic factors affecting health care can lead to delays in diagnosis of neurological conditions, consequentially affecting treatment and morbidity rates. This inequality in health care can leave patients from lower socio-economic backgrounds more vulnerable to a poorer quality of care from health care providers in the United Kingdom (U.K.). Aims: In this systematic review, we assess the impact of socio-economic status on the use of diagnostic neuroimaging in the U.K., measured by the timeliness, accessibility and appropriate use of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography, electroencephalography (EEG) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). We specifically evaluate the non-surgical use of neuroimaging techniques as this relies on the judgment of primary care-givers (e.g., doctors and radiologists), where health disparities are most common. This study includes the analysis of diagnostic imaging used for dementia, minor head injury, stroke, cancer, epilepsy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and Parkinson’s disease. With this study, we aim to assess the health inequalities at disease diagnosis. Methods: Using Medline (via Ovid), PubMed and Web of Science databases as sources of information, we critically appraise existing studies on neuroimaging use in the U.K. health care system, published between January 2010 and February 2021. Findings: A total of 18 studies were included in this research, revealing that there was an increase in patients of Black and Asian communities diagnosed with dementia and at an earlier age. There was little evidence to suggest that a lack of access to diagnostic imaging is associated with socio-economic status. However, there are data to suggest that people of a lower socio-economic background require more specialist services with diagnostic neuroimaging tools. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that diagnostic neuroimaging techniques could be utilised more effectively by health care workers to prevent unnecessary delays in diagnosis for patients in lower socio-economic areas.
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Witkowska-Wrobel A, Aristovich K, Crawford A, Perkins JD, Holder D. Imaging of focal seizures with Electrical Impedance Tomography and depth electrodes in real time. Neuroimage 2021; 234:117972. [PMID: 33757909 PMCID: PMC8204270 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial EEG is the current gold standard technique for localizing seizures for surgery, but it can be insensitive to tangential dipole or distant sources. Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) offers a novel method to improve coverage and seizure onset localization. The feasibility of EIT has been previously assessed in a computer simulation, which revealed an improved accuracy of seizure detection with EIT compared to intracranial EEG. In this study, slow impedance changes, evoked by cell swelling occurring over seconds, were reconstructed in real time by frequency division multiplexing EIT using depth and subdural electrodes in a swine model of epilepsy. EIT allowed to generate repetitive images of ictal events at similar time course to fMRI but without its significant limitations. EIT was recorded with a system consisting of 32 parallel current sources and 64 voltage recorders. Seizures triggered with intracranial injection of benzylpenicillin (BPN) in five pigs caused a repetitive peak impedance increase of 3.4 ± 1.5 mV and 9.5 ± 3% (N =205 seizures); the impedance signal change was seen already after a single, first seizure. EIT enabled reconstruction of the seizure onset 9 ± 1.5 mm from the BPN cannula and 7.5 ± 1.1 mm from the closest SEEG contact (p<0.05, n =37 focal seizures in three pigs) and it could address problems with sampling error in intracranial EEG. The amplitude of the impedance change correlated with the spread of the seizure on the SEEG (p <<0.001, n =37). The results presented here suggest that combining a parallel EIT system with intracranial EEG monitoring has a potential to improve the diagnostic yield in epileptic patients and become a vital tool in improving our understanding of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirill Aristovich
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK
| | - Abbe Crawford
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Justin D Perkins
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - David Holder
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK
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Application of Optogenetics in Epilepsy Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33398842 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-8763-4_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a disease characterized by seizures arising from paroxysmal and self-limited hypersynchrony of neurons. However, the mechanism by which the normal brain develops epilepsy, which involves a chronic process of structural and morphological changes known as epileptogenesis, is not fully understood. Optogenetics involves the use of genetic engineering and optics to monitor or control nerve cell activity. Compared to classical electrophysiological experiments, the application of optogenetics in epilepsy research has many advantages because it allows selective photic stimulation of cell types and electrical observation without introducing artifacts.
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In Vitro and In Vivo Study of the Short-Term Vasomotor Response during Epileptic Seizures. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120942. [PMID: 33297329 PMCID: PMC7762235 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy remains one of the most common brain disorders, and the different types of epilepsy encompass a wide variety of physiological manifestations. Clinical and preclinical findings indicate that cerebral blood flow is usually focally increased at seizure onset, shortly after the beginning of ictal events. Nevertheless, many questions remain about the relationship between vasomotor changes in the epileptic foci and the epileptic behavior of neurons and astrocytes. To study this relationship, we performed a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments using the 4-aminopyridine model of epileptic seizures. It was found that in vitro pathological synchronization of neurons and the depolarization of astrocytes is accompanied by rapid short-term vasoconstriction, while in vivo vasodilation during the seizure prevails. We suggest that vasomotor activity during epileptic seizures is a correlate of the complex, self-sustained response that includes neuronal and astrocytic oscillations, and that underlies the clinical presentation of epilepsy.
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Bu L, Xu N, Wang Y, Liu H. Decreased low-frequency brain effective connectivity in seafarers during voyages: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Physiol Meas 2020; 41:095003. [PMID: 32759489 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/abad13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During voyages, seafarers experience psychological problems that act to decrease operational safety. Psychological problems in seafarers can lead to changes in functional brain networks. This study investigated the low-frequency brain effective connectivity (EC) in seafarers during voyages by using the coupling strength (CS) of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) imaging. APPROACH This study recruited 15 seafarers (seafarer group) working on a container ship and 15 healthy age-matched controls (control group). The EC was assessed using dynamic Bayesian inference (DBI) of the oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (delta HbO2) as measured through a 14-channel fNIRS system. These channels covered the left and right prefrontal cortices (LPFC/RPFC), left and right motor cortices (LMC/RMC), and left and right occipital lobes (LOL/ROL). MAIN RESULTS The EC levels of LPFC to RMC (F = 4.239, p = 0.049), LPFC to ROL (F = 5.385, p = 0.028), LOL to RPFC (F = 11.128, p = 0.002), ROL to RPFC (F = 10.714, p = 0.003) and LMC to ROL (F= 6.136, p = 0.02) were significantly lower in the seafarer group than in the control group. Correlation analysis revealed that the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores were positively correlated with the systolic blood pressure (SBP) values, delta HbO2 values and EC levels, respectively. Meanwhile, the correlation analysis revealed that the SBP values significantly positively correlated with the CS values. SIGNIFICANCE Decreased EC levels may be a marker of psychological subhealth in seafarers. The approach combines fNIRS and PHQ-9 scores, providing a quantitative method for the assessment of mental health problems and further help with better rehabilitation designs in seafarers during voyages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingguo Bu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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19
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Bu L, Qi L, Yan W, Yan Q, Tang Z, Li F, Liu X, Diao C, Li K, Dong G. Acute kick-boxing exercise alters effective connectivity in the brain of females with methamphetamine dependencies. Neurosci Lett 2020; 720:134780. [PMID: 31978497 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Methamphetamine (METH) dependence, especially among women, is a serious global health problem. Kick-boxing exercise can be used to reduce cue-induced craving and develop a healthy lifestyle for female with METH dependencies. This study aimed to assess acute kick-boxing related changes in effective connectivity (EC) in the brain of females with METH dependencies by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals. METHODS The fNIRS signals were continuously recorded from the left and right prefrontal cortices (LPFC/RPFC) and left and right motor cortices (LMC/RMC) of 30 female subjects with methamphetamine dependencies (METH group) and 30 age-matched controls (control group) during resting and kick-boxing exercise (training) periods. EC was calculated in the frequency range of 0.01-0.08 Hz. RESULTS In both resting and training state, the EC levels of METH group were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). The EC levels of control group showed more significantly increased connection types than that of the METH group. CONCLUSION Acute kick-boxing exercise altered EC in the brain of females with METH dependencies. Furthermore, the efficiency of the information flow between different brain regions in the control group was significantly higher than that in the METH group. This study provides a novel and portable assessment technique for METH rehabilitation in females on the basis of fNIRS signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingguo Bu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Liping Qi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wu Yan
- Shandong Sport University, Jinan, 250102, China
| | - Qian Yan
- Shandong Sport University, Jinan, 250102, China
| | - Zekun Tang
- Shandong Sport University, Jinan, 250102, China
| | - Furong Li
- Female Compulsory Isolation Drug Rehabilitation Center of Shandong Province, Zibo, 255311, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Drug Rehabilitation Administration of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chunfeng Diao
- Drug Rehabilitation Administration of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Kefeng Li
- Shandong Sport University, Jinan, 250102, China.
| | - Guijun Dong
- Shandong Sport University, Jinan, 250102, China.
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Manshouri N, Maleki M, Kayikcioglu T. An EEG-based stereoscopic research of the PSD differences in pre and post 2D&3D movies watching. Biomed Signal Process Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2019.101642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Protective Effects of Scolopendra Water Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Hippocampal Neurodegeneration and Seizures in Mice. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9120369. [PMID: 31842431 PMCID: PMC6955677 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9120369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethyltin (TMT) is an organotin compound with potent neurotoxic action characterized by neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus. This study evaluated the protective effects of a Scolopendra water extract (SWE) against TMT intoxication in hippocampal neurons, using both in vitro and in vivo model systems. Specifically, we examined the actions of SWE on TMT- (5 mM) induced cytotoxicity in primary cultures of mouse hippocampal neurons (7 days in vitro) and the effects of SWE on hippocampal degeneration in adult TMT- (2.6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) treated C57BL/6 mice. We found that SWE pretreatment (0–100 μg/mL) significantly reduced TMT-induced cytotoxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons in a dose-dependent manner, as determined by lactate dehydrogenase and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. Additionally, this study showed that perioral administration of SWE (5 mg/kg), from −6 to 0 days before TMT injection, significantly attenuated hippocampal cell degeneration and seizures in adult mice. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of Iba-1 (Allograft inflammatory factor 1)- and GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein)-immunostained cells revealed a significant reduction in the levels of Iba-1- and GFAP-positive cell bodies in the dentate gyrus (DG) of mice treated with SWE prior to TMT injection. These data indicated that SWE pretreatment significantly protected the hippocampus against the massive activation of microglia and astrocytes elicited by TMT. In addition, our data showed that the SWE-induced reduction of immune cell activation was linked to a significant reduction in cell death and a significant improvement in TMT-induced seizure behavior. Thus, we conclude that SWE ameliorated the detrimental effects of TMT toxicity on hippocampal neurons, both in vivo and in vitro. Altogether, our findings hint at a promising pharmacotherapeutic use of SWE in hippocampal degeneration and dysfunction.
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Shin H, Lee SY, Cho HU, Oh Y, Kim IY, Lee KH, Jang DP, Min HK. Fornix Stimulation Induces Metabolic Activity and Dopaminergic Response in the Nucleus Accumbens. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1109. [PMID: 31708723 PMCID: PMC6821687 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Papez circuit, including the fornix white matter bundle, is a well-known neural network that is involved in multiple limbic functions such as memory and emotional expression. We previously reported a large-animal study of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the fornix that found stimulation-induced hemodynamic responses in both the medial limbic and corticolimbic circuits on functional resonance imaging (fMRI) and evoked dopamine responses in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), as measured by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). The effects of DBS on the fornix are challenging to analyze, given its structural complexity and connection to multiple neuronal networks. In this study, we extend our earlier work to a rodent model wherein we characterize regional brain activity changes resulting from fornix stimulation using fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) micro positron emission tomography (PET) and monitor neurochemical changes using FSCV with pharmacological confirmation. Both global functional changes and local changes were measured in a rodent model of fornix DBS. Functional brain activity was measured by micro-PET, and the neurochemical changes in local areas were monitored by FSCV. Micro-PET images revealed increased glucose metabolism within the medial limbic and corticolimbic circuits. Neurotransmitter efflux induced by fornix DBS was monitored at NAc by FSCV and identified by specific neurotransmitter reuptake inhibitors. We found a significant increase in the metabolic activity in several key regions of the medial limbic circuits and dopamine efflux in the NAc following fornix stimulation. These results suggest that electrical stimulation of the fornix modulates the activity of brain memory circuits, including the hippocampus and NAc within the dopaminergic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Shin
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-U Cho
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonbae Oh
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - In Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kendall H Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Dong Pyo Jang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hoon-Ki Min
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Cela E, Sjöström PJ. Novel Optogenetic Approaches in Epilepsy Research. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:947. [PMID: 31551699 PMCID: PMC6743373 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a major neurological disorder characterized by repeated seizures afflicting 1% of the global population. The emergence of seizures is associated with several comorbidities and severely decreases the quality of life of patients. Unfortunately, around 30% of patients do not respond to first-line treatment using anti-seizure drugs (ASDs). Furthermore, it is still unclear how seizures arise in the healthy brain. Therefore, it is critical to have well developed models where a causal understanding of epilepsy can be investigated. While the development of seizures has been studied in several animal models, using chemical or electrical induction, deciphering the results of such studies has been difficult due to the uncertainty of the cell population being targeted as well as potential confounds such as brain damage from the procedure itself. Here we describe novel approaches using combinations of optical and genetic methods for studying epileptogenesis. These approaches can circumvent some shortcomings associated with the classical animal models and may thus increase the likelihood of developing new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Cela
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Per Jesper Sjöström
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Epileptic Encephalopathy In A Patient With A Novel Variant In The Kv7.2 S2 Transmembrane Segment: Clinical, Genetic, and Functional Features. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143382. [PMID: 31295832 PMCID: PMC6678645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kv7.2 subunits encoded by the KCNQ2 gene provide a major contribution to the M-current (IKM), a voltage-gated K+ current crucially involved in the regulation of neuronal excitability. Heterozygous missense variants in Kv7.2 are responsible for epileptic diseases characterized by highly heterogeneous genetic transmission and clinical severity, ranging from autosomal-dominant Benign Familial Neonatal Seizures (BFNS) to sporadic cases of severe epileptic and developmental encephalopathy (DEE). Here, we describe a patient with neonatal onset DEE, carrying a previously undescribed heterozygous KCNQ2 c.418G > C, p.Glu140Gln (E140Q) variant. Patch-clamp recordings in CHO cells expressing the E140Q mutation reveal dramatic loss of function (LoF) effects. Multistate structural modelling suggested that the E140Q substitution impeded an intrasubunit electrostatic interaction occurring between the E140 side chain in S2 and the arginine at position 210 in S4 (R210); this interaction is critically involved in stabilizing the activated configuration of the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) of Kv7.2. Functional results from coupled charge reversal or disulfide trapping experiments supported such a hypothesis. Finally, retigabine restored mutation-induced functional changes, reinforcing the rationale for the clinical use of Kv7 activators as personalized therapy for DEE-affected patients carrying Kv7.2 LoF mutations.
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Rosas-Romero R, Guevara E, Peng K, Nguyen DK, Lesage F, Pouliot P, Lima-Saad WE. Prediction of epileptic seizures with convolutional neural networks and functional near-infrared spectroscopy signals. Comput Biol Med 2019; 111:103355. [PMID: 31323603 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There have been different efforts to predict epileptic seizures and most of them are based on the analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) signals; however, recent publications have suggested that functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), a relatively new technique, could be used to predict seizures. The objectives of this research are to show that the application of fNIRS to epileptic seizure detection yields results that are superior to those based on EEG and to demonstrate that the application of deep learning to this problem is suitable given the nature of fNIRS recordings. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is applied to the prediction of epileptic seizures from fNIRS signals, an optical modality for recording brain waves. The implementation of the proposed method is presented in this work. Application of CNN to fNIRS recordings showed an accuracy ranging between 96.9% and 100%, sensitivity between 95.24% and 100%, specificity between 98.57% and 100%, a positive predictive value between 98.52% and 100%, and a negative predictive value between 95.39% and 100%. The most important aspect of this research is the combination of fNIRS signals with the particular CNN algorithm. The fNIRS modality has not been used in epileptic seizure prediction. A CNN is suitable for this application because fNIRS recordings are high dimensional data and they can be modeled as three-dimensional tensors for classification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edgar Guevara
- CONACYT - Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Ke Peng
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Frédéric Lesage
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Canada
| | - Philippe Pouliot
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Canada
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Quantitatively detecting postictal hypoperfusion in patients with focal epilepsy using CT perfusion: Determining cross-modality comparisons and electrode artifacts. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 314:13-20. [PMID: 30658125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that CT perfusion (CTP) and arterial spin labelled (ASL) MRI can localize the seizure onset zone in humans via postictal perfusion patterns. As a step towards improving the feasibility/ease of collecting postictal CBF data, we determined whether EEG electrodes need to be removed for CTP data collection and whether a cross-modality comparison between baseline ASL and postictal CTP data is possible. NEW METHOD Five patients with epilepsy underwent postictal CTP scanning. Three patients had an interictal ASL scan; one patient had both an ASL and CTP interictal scan. Postictal CTP maps were quantitatively compared to 1) ASL maps averaged from 100 healthy controls, 2) each patient's baseline ASL map and 3) each patient's baseline CTP map. To assess for electrode artifacts, a phantom and one patient underwent CTP scanning with EEG electrodes in place. The acquired scans were assessed for artifacts and for postictal hypoperfusion. RESULTS Focal postictal hypoperfusion was observable only in intra-modality comparisons (CTP to CTP) and not in cross-modality comparisons (CTP to ASL). EEG electrodes produced streaking artifact that decreased image quality and precluded quantitative analysis. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS(S) An intra-modality comparison of baseline CTP to postictal CTP was the only comparison method that showed localized hypoperfusion. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative comparison between postictal CTP and baseline ASL scans is not feasible. Postictal hypoperfusion can be detected by CTP only when two CTP scans are collected and when metallic EEG electrodes are removed.
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Huang X, Long Z, Lei X. Electrophysiological signatures of the resting-state fMRI global signal: A simultaneous EEG-fMRI study. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 311:351-359. [PMID: 30236777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global signal of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) constitutes an intrinsic fluctuation and presents an opportunity to characterize and understand the activity of the whole brain. Recently, evidence that the global signal contains neurophysiologic information has been growing, but the global signal of electroencephalography (EEG) has never been determined. NEW METHODS We developed a new method to obtain the EEG global signal. The EEG global signal was reconstructed by the reference electrode standardization technique and represented the outer cortical electrophysiological activity. To investigate its relationship with the global signal of resting-state fMRI, a simultaneous EEG-fMRI signal was recorded, and this was analyzed in 24 subjects. RESULTS We found that the global signal of resting-state fMRI showed a positive correlation with power fluctuations of the EEG global signal in the γ band (30-45 Hz) and a negative correlation in the low-frequency band (4-20 Hz). COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Compared with the global signal of fMRI, the global signal of EEG provides more temporal information about outer cortical neural activity. CONCLUSIONS These results provide new evidence for the electrophysiology information of the global signal of resting-state fMRI. More importantly, due to its high correlation with the fMRI global signal, the EEG global signal may serve as a new biomarker for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Huang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhiliang Long
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China; Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Pan G, Chen Z, Zheng H, Zhang Y, Xu H, Bu G, Zheng H, Li Y. Compensatory Mechanisms Modulate the Neuronal Excitability in a Kainic Acid-Induced Epilepsy Mouse Model. Front Neural Circuits 2018; 12:48. [PMID: 30008664 PMCID: PMC6034068 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders affecting millions of people. Due to the complicated and unclear mechanisms of epilepsy, still a significant proportion of epilepsy patients remain poorly controlled. Epilepsy is characterized by convulsive seizures that are caused by increased excitability. In this study, by using kainic acid (KA)-induced epilepsy mice, we investigated the neuronal activities and revealed the neuronal compensatory mechanisms after KA-induced toxic hyperexcitability. The results indicate that both phasic inhibition induced by enhanced inhibitory synaptic activity and tonic inhibition mediated by activated astrocytes participate in the compensatory mechanisms. Compensatory mechanisms were already found in various neuronal disorders and were considered important in protecting nervous system from toxic hyperexcitability. This study hopefully will provide valuable clues in understanding the complex neuronal mechanisms of epilepsy, and exploring potential clinical treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojie Pan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhicai Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Honghua Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yunwu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Neurodegenerative Disease Research Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Guojun Bu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yanfang Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Chiarelli AM, Zappasodi F, Di Pompeo F, Merla A. Simultaneous functional near-infrared spectroscopy and electroencephalography for monitoring of human brain activity and oxygenation: a review. NEUROPHOTONICS 2017; 4:041411. [PMID: 28840162 PMCID: PMC5566595 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.4.041411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal monitoring has become particularly common in the study of human brain function. In this context, combined, synchronous measurements of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) are getting increased interest. Because of the absence of electro-optical interference, it is quite simple to integrate these two noninvasive recording procedures of brain activity. fNIRS and EEG are both scalp-located procedures. fNIRS estimates brain hemodynamic fluctuations relying on spectroscopic measurements, whereas EEG captures the macroscopic temporal dynamics of brain electrical activity through passive voltages evaluations. The "orthogonal" neurophysiological information provided by the two technologies and the increasing interest in the neurovascular coupling phenomenon further encourage their integration. This review provides, together with an introduction regarding the principles and future directions of the two technologies, an evaluation of major clinical and nonclinical applications of this flexible, low-cost combination of neuroimaging modalities. fNIRS-EEG systems exploit the ability of the two technologies to be conducted in an environment or experimental setting and/or on subjects that are generally not suited for other neuroimaging modalities, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and magnetoencephalography. fNIRS-EEG brain monitoring settles itself as a useful multimodal tool for brain electrical and hemodynamic activity investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio M. Chiarelli
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Beckman Institute, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Filippo Zappasodi
- Università G. d’Annunzio, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, Chieti, Italy
- Università G. d’Annunzio, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Pompeo
- Università G. d’Annunzio, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, Chieti, Italy
- Università G. d’Annunzio, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Chieti, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Merla
- Università G. d’Annunzio, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, Chieti, Italy
- Università G. d’Annunzio, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Chieti, Italy
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30
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Morone KA, Neimat JS, Roe AW, Friedman RM. Review of functional and clinical relevance of intrinsic signal optical imaging in human brain mapping. NEUROPHOTONICS 2017; 4:031220. [PMID: 28630881 PMCID: PMC5466092 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.3.031220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic signal optical imaging (ISOI) within the first decade of its use in humans showed its capacity as a precise functional mapping tool. It is a powerful tool that can be used intraoperatively to help a surgeon to directly identify functional areas of the cerebral cortex. Its use is limited to the intraoperative setting as it requires a craniotomy and durotomy for direct visualization of the brain. It has been applied in humans to study language, somatosensory and visual cortices, cortical hemodynamics, epileptiform activity, and lesion delineation. Despite studies showing clear evidence of its usefulness in clinical care, its clinical use in humans has not grown. Impediments imposed by imaging in a human operating room setting have hindered such work. However, recent studies have been aimed at overcoming obstacles in clinical studies establishing the benefits of its use to patients. This review provides a description of ISOI and its use in human studies with an emphasis on the challenges that have hindered its widespread use and the recent studies that aim to overcome these hurdles. Clinical studies establishing the benefits of its use to patients would serve as the impetus for continued development and use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Morone
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Joseph S. Neimat
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Anna W. Roe
- Oregon Health and Science University, Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
- Zhejiang University, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, HuaJiaChi Campus, Hangzhou, China
| | - Robert M. Friedman
- Oregon Health and Science University, Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
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31
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Wu Z, Xie T, Yao L, Zhang D, Sheng X, Farina D, Chen L, Mao Y, Zhu X. Electrocorticographic Temporal Alteration Mapping: A Clinical Technique for Mapping the Motor Cortex with Movement-Related Cortical Potentials. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:326. [PMID: 28659752 PMCID: PMC5466988 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose electrocorticographic temporal alteration mapping (ETAM) for motor cortex mapping by utilizing movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) within the low-frequency band [0.05-3] Hz. This MRCP waveform-based temporal domain approach was compared with the state-of-the-art electrocorticographic frequency alteration mapping (EFAM), which is based on frequency spectrum dynamics. Five patients (two epilepsy cases and three tumor cases) were enrolled in the study. Each patient underwent intraoperative direct electrocortical stimulation (DECS) procedure for motor cortex localization. Moreover, the patients were required to perform simple brisk wrist extension task during awake craniotomy surgery. Cross-validation results showed that the proposed ETAM method had high sensitivity (81.8%) and specificity (94.3%) in identifying sites which exhibited positive DECS motor responses. Moreover, although the sensitivity of the ETAM and EFAM approaches was not significantly different, ETAM had greater specificity compared with EFAM (94.3 vs. 86.1%). These results indicate that for the intraoperative functional brain mapping, ETAM is a promising novel approach for motor cortex localization with the potential to reduce the need for cortical electrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of WaterlooWaterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Dingguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xinjun Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Dario Farina
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
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Natchimuthu V, Thomas S, Ramalingam M, Ravi S. Influence of perfluorocarbons on Carbamazepine and Benzodiazepine for a neuro-lung protective strategy. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 43:82-88. [PMID: 28528895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is commonly characterized by a triad of features including multiple seizure types, intellectual disability or regression. LGS type of seizures is epilepsy which is due to abnormal vibrations occurring in seizures. During the time of such abnormal vibrations, both the seizures and the lungs suffer a lack in oxygen content to a considerable extent. This results in prolonged vibrations and loses of nervous control. As a neuro-lung protective strategy, a novel attempt has been made to enrich both seizures and lungs with oxygen content through the support of Perfluorodecalin (an excellent oxygen carrier) C10F18 (PFD) and Perfluorohexane C6F14 (PFH) along with an enhancement in the antiepileptic activity by the two chosen antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) Carbamazepine (CBZ) and Benzodiazepine (BDZ). Perfluorodecalin C10F18 (PFD) and Perfluorohexane C6F14 (PFH) emulsions were prepared by sonication process with combination of nonionic emulsifier, Lecithin (l-α-phosphatidylcholine) as a surfactant in Aqueous phase medium. These emulsions were mixed with Carbamazepine (CBZ) and Benzodiazepine (BDZ) drugs maintained at a temperature of about -20°C to 20°C and were set to slow evaporation process. The products are subjected to Optical microscope, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) - Energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Study reveals the co-existence of fluorine and drug ensuring the oxygen uptake by the drug. Morphology of TEM, Optical microscopic images and the particle diameter estimated through Image_J confirms this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Natchimuthu
- PG & Research Department of Physics, National College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu 620 001, India.
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686 560, India.
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- Associé des Universités, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - S Ravi
- PG & Research Department of Physics, National College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu 620 001, India.
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Tsytsarev V, Akkentli F, Pumbo E, Tang Q, Chen Y, Erzurumlu RS, Papkovsky DB. Planar implantable sensor for in vivo measurement of cellular oxygen metabolism in brain tissue. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 281:1-6. [PMID: 28219725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain imaging methods are continually improving. Imaging of the cerebral cortex is widely used in both animal experiments and charting human brain function in health and disease. Among the animal models, the rodent cerebral cortex has been widely used because of patterned neural representation of the whiskers on the snout and relative ease of activating cortical tissue with whisker stimulation. NEW METHOD We tested a new planar solid-state oxygen sensor comprising a polymeric film with a phosphorescent oxygen-sensitive coating on the working side, to monitor dynamics of oxygen metabolism in the cerebral cortex following sensory stimulation. RESULTS Sensory stimulation led to changes in oxygenation and deoxygenation processes of activated areas in the barrel cortex. We demonstrate the possibility of dynamic mapping of relative changes in oxygenation in live mouse brain tissue with such a sensor. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD Oxygenation-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is very effective method for functional brain mapping but have high costs and limited spatial resolution. Optical imaging of intrinsic signal (IOS) does not provide the required sensitivity, and voltage-sensitive dye optical imaging (VSDi) has limited applicability due to significant toxicity of the voltage-sensitive dye. Our planar solid-state oxygen sensor imaging approach circumvents these limitations, providing a simple optical contrast agent with low toxicity and rapid application. CONCLUSIONS The planar solid-state oxygen sensor described here can be used as a tool in visualization and real-time analysis of sensory-evoked neural activity in vivo. Further, this approach allows visualization of local neural activity with high temporal and spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSF-2, 21201 MD, Baltimore, USA.
| | - Fatih Akkentli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSF-2, 21201 MD, Baltimore, USA.
| | - Elena Pumbo
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Qinggong Tang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Kim Engineering Building, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
| | - Yu Chen
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Kim Engineering Building, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
| | - Reha S Erzurumlu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSF-2, 21201 MD, Baltimore, USA.
| | - Dmitri B Papkovsky
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building 1.28, College Road, Cork, Ireland.
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Gottschalk S, Fehm TF, Deán-Ben XL, Tsytsarev V, Razansky D. Correlation between volumetric oxygenation responses and electrophysiology identifies deep thalamocortical activity during epileptic seizures. NEUROPHOTONICS 2017; 4:011007. [PMID: 27725948 PMCID: PMC5050254 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.1.011007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of whole brain activity during epileptic seizures is essential for both fundamental research into the disease mechanisms and the development of efficient treatment strategies. It has been previously discussed that pathological synchronization originating from cortical areas may reinforce backpropagating signaling from the thalamic neurons, leading to massive seizures through enhancement of high frequency neural activity in the thalamocortical loop. However, the study of deep brain neural activity is challenging with the existing functional neuroimaging methods due to lack of adequate spatiotemporal resolution or otherwise insufficient penetration into subcortical areas. To investigate the role of thalamocortical activity during epileptic seizures, we developed a new functional neuroimaging framework based on spatiotemporal correlation of volumetric optoacoustic hemodynamic responses with the concurrent electroencephalogram recordings and anatomical brain landmarks. The method is shown to be capable of accurate three-dimensional mapping of the onset, spread, and termination of the epileptiform events in a 4-aminopyridine acute model of focal epilepsy. Our study is the first to demonstrate entirely noninvasive real-time visualization of synchronized epileptic foci in the whole mouse brain, including the neocortex and subcortical structures, thus opening new vistas in systematic studies toward the understanding of brain signaling and the origins of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Gottschalk
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Felix Fehm
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Xose Luís Deán-Ben
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, 20 Penn Street, HSF II, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Address all correspondence to: Daniel Razansky, E-mail:
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Bu L, Li J, Li F, Liu H, Li Z. Wavelet coherence analysis of cerebral oxygenation signals measured by near-infrared spectroscopy in sailors: an exploratory, experimental study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e013357. [PMID: 27810980 PMCID: PMC5128848 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the effects of long-term offshore work on cerebral oxygenation oscillations in sailors based on the wavelet phase coherence (WPCO) of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) signals. METHODS The fatigue severity scale (FSS) was first applied to assess the fatigue level of sailors and age-matched controls. Continuous recordings of NIRS signals were then obtained from the prefrontal lobes in 30 healthy sailors and 30 age-matched controls during the resting state. WPCO between the left and right prefrontal oscillations was analysed and Pearson correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between the FSS and the wavelet amplitude (WA), and between the FSS and the WPCO level. RESULTS The periodic oscillations of Delta (HbO2) signals were identified at six frequency intervals: I (0.6-2 Hz); II (0.145-0.6 Hz); III (0.052-0.145 Hz); IV (0.021-0.052 Hz); V (0.0095-0.021 Hz); and VI (0.005-0.0095 Hz). The WA in intervals I (F=8.823, p=0.004) and III (F=4.729, p=0.034) was significantly lower in sailors than that in the controls. The WPCO values of sailor group were significantly lower in intervals III (F=4.686, p=0.039), IV (F=4.864, p=0.036) and V (F=5.195, p=0.03) than those of the control group. In the sailor group, the WA in interval I (r=-0.799, p<0.01) and in interval III (r=-0.721, p<0.01) exhibited a negative correlation with the FSS. Also, the WPCO exhibited a negative correlation with the FSS in intervals III (r=-0.839, p<0.01), IV (r=-0.765, p<0.01) and V (r=-0.775, p<0.01) in the sailor group. CONCLUSIONS The negative correlation between WA and FSS indicates that the lower oscillatory activities might contribute to the development of fatigue. The low WPCO in intervals III, IV and V represents a reduced phase synchronisation of myogenic, neurogenic and endothelial metabolic activities respectively and this may suggest a decline of cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingguo Bu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Fangyi Li
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Heshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zengyong Li
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Aids Technology and System of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, P. R. China
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Al-Shargie F, Kiguchi M, Badruddin N, Dass SC, Hani AFM, Tang TB. Mental stress assessment using simultaneous measurement of EEG and fNIRS. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:3882-3898. [PMID: 27867700 PMCID: PMC5102531 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies reported mental stress as one of the major contributing factors leading to various diseases such as heart attack, depression and stroke. An accurate stress assessment method may thus be of importance to clinical intervention and disease prevention. We propose a joint independent component analysis (jICA) based approach to fuse simultaneous measurement of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) as a means of stress assessment. For the purpose of this study, stress was induced by using an established mental arithmetic task under time pressure with negative feedback. The induction of mental stress was confirmed by salivary alpha amylase test. Experiment results showed that the proposed fusion of EEG and fNIRS measurements improves the classification accuracy of mental stress by +3.4% compared to EEG alone and +11% compared to fNIRS alone. Similar improvements were also observed in sensitivity and specificity of proposed approach over unimodal EEG/fNIRS. Our study suggests that combination of EEG (frontal alpha rhythm) and fNIRS (concentration change of oxygenated hemoglobin) could be a potential means to assess mental stress objectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Al-Shargie
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Centre of Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Masashi Kiguchi
- Hitachi, Ltd., Research & Development Group, 350-0395, Japan
| | - Nasreen Badruddin
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Centre of Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Sarat C. Dass
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Centre of Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fadzil Mohammad Hani
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Centre of Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Tong Boon Tang
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Centre of Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
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Mahmud M, Vassanelli S. Processing and Analysis of Multichannel Extracellular Neuronal Signals: State-of-the-Art and Challenges. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:248. [PMID: 27313507 PMCID: PMC4889584 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years multichannel neuronal signal acquisition systems have allowed scientists to focus on research questions which were otherwise impossible. They act as a powerful means to study brain (dys)functions in in-vivo and in in-vitro animal models. Typically, each session of electrophysiological experiments with multichannel data acquisition systems generate large amount of raw data. For example, a 128 channel signal acquisition system with 16 bits A/D conversion and 20 kHz sampling rate will generate approximately 17 GB data per hour (uncompressed). This poses an important and challenging problem of inferring conclusions from the large amounts of acquired data. Thus, automated signal processing and analysis tools are becoming a key component in neuroscience research, facilitating extraction of relevant information from neuronal recordings in a reasonable time. The purpose of this review is to introduce the reader to the current state-of-the-art of open-source packages for (semi)automated processing and analysis of multichannel extracellular neuronal signals (i.e., neuronal spikes, local field potentials, electroencephalogram, etc.), and the existing Neuroinformatics infrastructure for tool and data sharing. The review is concluded by pinpointing some major challenges that are being faced, which include the development of novel benchmarking techniques, cloud-based distributed processing and analysis tools, as well as defining novel means to share and standardize data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufti Mahmud
- NeuroChip Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Vassanelli
- NeuroChip Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova Padova, Italy
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Fluorination of an antiepileptic drug: A self supporting transporter by oxygen enrichment mechanism. J Chem Neuroanat 2015; 72:8-15. [PMID: 26708322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug therapy of seizures involves producing high levels of antiepileptic drugs in the blood. Drug must enter the brain by crossing from the blood into the brain tissue, called a transvascular route (TVR). Even before the drug can reach the brain tissue, factors such as systemic toxicity, macrophage phagocytises and reduction in oxygen content limit the success of this TVR. Encapsulating the drug within a nano scale delivering system, synthesising drugs with low molecular weight are the best mechanisms to deliver the drug to the brain. But through this article, we have explored a possibility of attaching a molecule 4-(trifluoromethyl) benzoic acid (TFMBA), that possess more number of fluorine atom, to benzodiazepine (BDZ) resulting in an ionic salt (S)-(+)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine5,11(10H,11aH)-dione with 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid. By this way, reducing the toxicity of BDZ than the conventional anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), increasing the solubility, reducing the melting point, enriching the TVR with excess oxygen content with the support of fluorine. With all these important prerequisites fulfilled, the drug along with the attached molecule is expected to travel more comfortably through the TVR without any external support than any other conventional AEDs. FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, HRMS spectroscopy, HRTEM and In vitro cytotoxicity analysis supports this study.
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Kepez A, Erdogan O. Arrhythmogenic epilepsy and pacing need: A matter of controversy. World J Clin Cases 2015; 3:872-875. [PMID: 26488022 PMCID: PMC4607804 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v3.i10.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing awareness among the cardiology community regarding ictal bradyarrhythmias as a cause of loss of consciousness. A high degree of suspicion is necessary when diagnosing ictal bradyarrhythmias, and delay in diagnosing this condition may lead to morbidity associated with falls and trauma. Ictal bradyarrhythmias have also been suggested to be associated with sudden unexplained death in epilepsy, although evidence related to this association is limited. There is no guideline-directed therapy for symptomatic ictal bradyarrhythmias due to a lack of randomized, controlled trials. Cardiac pacemaker therapy is commonly used for these patients; however, currently, there is no universal agreement on the pacing indications for these patients. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of ictal bradyarrhythmias and then discuss the pacing need based on the available literature data.
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Eberle MM, Hsu MS, Rodriguez CL, Szu JI, Oliveira MC, Binder DK, Park BH. Localization of cortical tissue optical changes during seizure activity in vivo with optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:1812-27. [PMID: 26137382 PMCID: PMC4467710 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.001812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high resolution, minimally invasive imaging technique, which can produce depth-resolved cross-sectional images. In this study, OCT was used to detect changes in the optical properties of cortical tissue in vivo in mice during the induction of global (pentylenetetrazol) and focal (4-aminopyridine) seizures. Through the use of a confidence interval statistical method on depth-resolved volumes of attenuation coefficient, we demonstrated localization of regions exhibiting both significant positive and negative changes in attenuation coefficient, as well as differentiating between global and focal seizure propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. Eberle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521,
USA
| | - Mike S. Hsu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521,
USA
| | - Carissa L. Rodriguez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521,
USA
| | - Jenny I. Szu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521,
USA
| | - Michael C. Oliveira
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521,
USA
| | - Devin K. Binder
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521,
USA
| | - B. Hyle Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521,
USA
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Liao LD, Tsytsarev V, Delgado-Martínez I, Li ML, Erzurumlu R, Vipin A, Orellana J, Lin YR, Lai HY, Chen YY, Thakor NV. Neurovascular coupling: in vivo optical techniques for functional brain imaging. Biomed Eng Online 2013; 12:38. [PMID: 23631798 PMCID: PMC3655834 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-12-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical imaging techniques reflect different biochemical processes in the brain, which is closely related with neural activity. Scientists and clinicians employ a variety of optical imaging technologies to visualize and study the relationship between neurons, glial cells and blood vessels. In this paper, we present an overview of the current optical approaches used for the in vivo imaging of neurovascular coupling events in small animal models. These techniques include 2-photon microscopy, laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDi), functional photoacoustic microscopy (fPAM), functional near-infrared spectroscopy imaging (fNIRS) and multimodal imaging techniques. The basic principles of each technique are described in detail, followed by examples of current applications from cutting-edge studies of cerebral neurovascular coupling functions and metabolic. Moreover, we provide a glimpse of the possible ways in which these techniques might be translated to human studies for clinical investigations of pathophysiology and disease. In vivo optical imaging techniques continue to expand and evolve, allowing us to discover fundamental basis of neurovascular coupling roles in cerebral physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun-De Liao
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn street, HSF-2, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ignacio Delgado-Martínez
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Meng-Lin Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd, Hsinchu 300, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Reha Erzurumlu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn street, HSF-2, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ashwati Vipin
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Josue Orellana
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Yan-Ren Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nanshsiao Street, Changhua 500, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Lai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - You-Yin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong St, Taipei 112, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Nitish V Thakor
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Traylor 701/720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Tsytsarev V, Arakawa H, Borisov S, Pumbo E, Erzurumlu RS, Papkovsky DB. In vivo imaging of brain metabolism activity using a phosphorescent oxygen-sensitive probe. J Neurosci Methods 2013; 216:146-51. [PMID: 23624034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several approaches have been adopted for real-time imaging of neural activity in vivo. We tested a new cell-penetrating phosphorescent oxygen-sensitive probe, NanO2-IR, to monitor temporal and spatial dynamics of oxygen metabolism in the neocortex following peripheral sensory stimulation. Probe solution was applied to the surface of anesthetized mouse brain; optical imaging was performed using a MiCAM-02 system. Trains of whisker stimuli were delivered and associated changes in phosphorescent signal were recorded in the contralateral somatosensory ("barrel") cortex. Sensory stimulation led to changes in oxygenation of activated areas of the barrel cortex. The oxygen imaging results were compared to those produced by the voltage-sensitive dye RH-1691. While the signals emitted by the two probes differed in shape and amplitude, they both faithfully indicated specific whisker evoked cortical activity. Thus, NanO2-IR probe can be used as a tool in visualization and real-time analysis of sensory-evoked neural activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, HSF II, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1075, USA.
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Leung LC, Wang GX, Mourrain P. Imaging zebrafish neural circuitry from whole brain to synapse. Front Neural Circuits 2013; 7:76. [PMID: 23630470 PMCID: PMC3634052 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in imaging tools are inspiring zebrafish researchers to tackle ever more ambitious questions in the neurosciences. Behaviorally fundamental conserved neural networks can now be potentially studied using zebrafish from a brain-wide scale to molecular resolution. In this perspective, we offer a roadmap by which a zebrafish researcher can navigate the course from collecting neural activities across the brain associated with a behavior, to unraveling molecular identities and testing the functional relevance of active neurons. In doing so, important insights will be gained as to how neural networks generate behaviors and assimilate changes in synaptic connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis C Leung
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Sleep Sciences, Beckman Center, Stanford University Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Tsytsarev V, Rao B, Maslov KI, Li L, Wang LV. Photoacoustic and optical coherence tomography of epilepsy with high temporal and spatial resolution and dual optical contrasts. J Neurosci Methods 2013; 216:142-5. [PMID: 23603664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy mapping with high spatial and temporal resolution has great significance for both fundamental research on epileptic neurons and the clinical management of epilepsy. In this communication, we demonstrate for the first time in vivo epilepsy mapping with high spatial and temporal resolution and dual optical contrasts in an animal model. Through the variations of a depthresolved optical coherence tomography signal with optical scattering contrast, we observed that epileptic neuron activities modulated the optical refractive index of epileptic neurons and their surrounding tissue. Simultaneously, through neurovasculature coupling mechanisms and optical absorption contrast, we used photoacoustic signals to document the hemodynamic changes of the microvasculature surrounding the epileptic neurons. The epilepsy mapping results were confirmed by a simultaneously recorded electroencephalogram signal during epileptic seizure. Our new epilepsy mapping tool, with high temporal and spatial resolution and dual optical contrasts, may find many applications, such as drug development and epilepsy surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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