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Buzza A, Tapas K, Zhuo J, Anders JJ, Lewis SJ, Jenkins MW, Moffitt M. Selective neural inhibition via photobiomodulation alleviates behavioral hypersensitivity associated with small sensory fiber activation. Lasers Surg Med 2024; 56:305-314. [PMID: 38291819 PMCID: PMC10954407 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Photobiomodulation at higher irradiances has great potential as a pain-alleviating method that selectively inhibits small diameter nerve fibers and corresponding sensory experiences, such as nociception and heat sensation. The longevity and magnitude of these effects as a function of laser irradiation parameters at the nerve was explored. METHODS In a rodent chronic pain model (spared nerve injury-SNI), light was applied directly at the sural nerve with four delivery schemes: two irradiance levels (7.64 and 2.55 W/cm2 ) for two durations each, corresponding to either 4.8 or 14.4 J total energy, and the effect on sensory hypersensitivities was evaluated. RESULTS At emitter irradiances of 7.64 W/cm2 (for 240 s), 2.55 W/cm2 (for 720 s), and 7.64 W/cm2 (for 80 s) the heat hypersensitivity was relieved the day following photobiomodulation (PBM) treatment by 37 ± 8.1% (statistically significant, p < 0.001), 26% ± 6% (p = 0.072), and 28 ± 6.1% (statistically significant, p = 0.032), respectively, and all three treatments reduced the hypersensitivity over the course of the experiment (13 days) at a statistically significant level (mixed-design analysis of variance, p < 0.05). The increases in tissue temperature (5.3 ± 1.0 and 1.3 ± 0.4°C from 33.3°C for the higher and lower power densities, respectively) at the neural target were well below those typically associated with permanent action potential disruption. CONCLUSIONS The data from this study support the use of direct PBM on nerves of interest to reduce sensitivities associated with small-diameter fiber activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Buzza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kalista Tapas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Junqi Zhuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Juanita J Anders
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Lewis
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael W Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Moffitt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Secci ME, Kelley LK, Avegno EM, Holmgren EB, Chen L, Rein SL, Engi SA, Quinlan V, Wilson L, Gilpin NW, Wills TA. Adolescent Alcohol Exposure Produces Sex-Specific Long-term Hyperalgesia via Changes in Central Amygdala Circuit Function. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:207-219. [PMID: 37717844 PMCID: PMC10866691 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to alcohol during adolescence produces many effects that last well into adulthood. Acute alcohol use is analgesic, and people living with pain report drinking alcohol to reduce pain, but chronic alcohol use produces increases in pain sensitivity. METHODS We tested the acute and lasting effects of chronic adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure on pain-related behavioral and brain changes in male and female rats. We also tested the long-term effects of AIE on synaptic transmission in midbrain (ventrolateral periaqueductal gray [vlPAG])-projecting central amygdala (CeA) neurons using whole-cell electrophysiology. Finally, we used circuit-based approaches (DREADDs [designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs]) to test the role of vlPAG-projecting CeA neurons in mediating AIE effects on pain-related outcomes. RESULTS AIE produced long-lasting hyperalgesia in male, but not female, rats. Similarly, AIE led to a reduction in synaptic strength of medial CeA cells that project to the vlPAG in male, but not female, rats. Challenge with an acute painful stimulus (i.e., formalin) in adulthood produced expected increases in pain reactivity, and this effect was exaggerated in male rats with a history of AIE. Finally, CeA-vlPAG circuit activation rescued AIE-induced hypersensitivity in male rats. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are the first, to our knowledge, to show long-lasting sex-dependent effects of adolescent alcohol exposure on pain-related behaviors and brain circuits in adult animals. This work has implications for understanding the long-term effects of underage alcohol drinking on pain-related behaviors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Secci
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Leslie K Kelley
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Elizabeth M Avegno
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Eleanor B Holmgren
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lily Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sydney L Rein
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sheila A Engi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Virginia Quinlan
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lisa Wilson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Nicholas W Gilpin
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Veterans Affairs Southeast Louisiana Healthcare System, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Tiffany A Wills
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
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Modi AD, Parekh A, Pancholi YN. Evaluating Pain Behaviours: Widely Used Mechanical and Thermal Methods in Rodents. Behav Brain Res 2023; 446:114417. [PMID: 37003494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Globally, over 300 million surgical procedures are performed annually, with pain being one of the most common post-operative side effects. During the onset of injury, acute pain plays a protective role in alerting the individual to remove noxious stimuli, while long-lasting chronic pain without any physiological reason is detrimental to the recovery process. Hence, it created an urgent need to better understand the pain mechanism and explore therapeutic targets. Despite the hardship in performing human pain studies due to ethical considerations, clinically relevant rodent pain models provide an excellent opportunity to perform pain studies. Several neurobehavioural tests are used to assess the drug efficacy in rodents to determine avoidance behaviour latency and threshold. This review article provides a methodological overview of mechanical (i.e. von Frey, Mechanical Conflict System) and thermal (i.e. Hargreaves Assay, Hot and Cold Plate, Temperature Place Preference) tests to assess pain in clinically relevant pain rodent models. We further discussed the current modifications of those tests along with their use in literature, the impact of confounding variables, advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshat D Modi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada; Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8, Canada.
| | - Anavi Parekh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Yajan N Pancholi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
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4
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Tang SN, Walter BA, Heimann MK, Gantt CC, Khan SN, Kokiko-Cochran ON, Askwith CC, Purmessur D. In vivo Mouse Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Models and Their Utility as Translational Models of Clinical Discogenic Back Pain: A Comparative Review. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:894651. [PMID: 35812017 PMCID: PMC9261914 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.894651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide and studies have demonstrated intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration as a major risk factor. While many in vitro models have been developed and used to study IVD pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies, the etiology of IVD degeneration is a complex multifactorial process involving crosstalk of nearby tissues and systemic effects. Thus, the use of appropriate in vivo models is necessary to fully understand the associated molecular, structural, and functional changes and how they relate to pain. Mouse models have been widely adopted due to accessibility and ease of genetic manipulation compared to other animal models. Despite their small size, mice lumbar discs demonstrate significant similarities to the human IVD in terms of geometry, structure, and mechanical properties. While several different mouse models of IVD degeneration exist, greater standardization of the methods for inducing degeneration and the development of a consistent set of output measurements could allow mouse models to become a stronger tool for clinical translation. This article reviews current mouse models of IVD degeneration in the context of clinical translation and highlights a critical set of output measurements for studying disease pathology or screening regenerative therapies with an emphasis on pain phenotyping. First, we summarized and categorized these models into genetic, age-related, and mechanically induced. Then, the outcome parameters assessed in these models are compared including, molecular, cellular, functional/structural, and pain assessments for both evoked and spontaneous pain. These comparisons highlight a set of potential key parameters that can be used to validate the model and inform its utility to screen potential therapies for IVD degeneration and their translation to the human condition. As treatment of symptomatic pain is important, this review provides an emphasis on critical pain-like behavior assessments in mice and explores current behavioral assessments relevant to discogenic back pain. Overall, the specific research question was determined to be essential to identify the relevant model with histological staining, imaging, extracellular matrix composition, mechanics, and pain as critical parameters for assessing degeneration and regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley N. Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Benjamin A. Walter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mary K. Heimann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Connor C. Gantt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Safdar N. Khan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Olga N. Kokiko-Cochran
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Neurological Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Candice C. Askwith
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Devina Purmessur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Devina Purmessur ;
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Matsui Y, Kadoya K, Nagano Y, Endo T, Hara M, Matsumae G, Suzuki T, Yamamoto Y, Terkawi MA, Iwasaki N. IL4 stimulated macrophages promote axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury by secreting uPA to stimulate uPAR upregulated in injured axons. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:289. [PMID: 35536429 PMCID: PMC11072050 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences suggest that M2 macrophages are involved with repair processes in the nervous system. However, whether M2 macrophages can promote axon regeneration by directly stimulating axons nor its precise molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, the current study demonstrated that typical M2 macrophages, which were generated by IL4 simulation, had the capacity to stimulate axonal growth by their direct effect on axons and that the graft of IL4 stimulated macrophages into the region of Wallerian degeneration enhanced axon regeneration and improved functional recovery after PNI. Importantly, uPA (urokinase plasminogen activator)-uPA receptor (uPAR) was identified as the central axis underlying the axon regeneration effect of IL4 stimulated macrophages. IL4 stimulated macrophages secreted uPA, and its inhibition abolished their axon regeneration effect. Injured but not intact axons expressed uPAR to be sensitive to uPA. These results unveil a cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the macrophage related axon regeneration and provide a basis of a novel therapy for PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ken Kadoya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Nagano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Hokkaido Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masato Hara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Gen Matsumae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Mohamad Alaa Terkawi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
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Effect of Ropivacaine-Loaded Magnetic Nanoparticles on Ankle Nerve Block in Rats. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8553015. [PMID: 34899971 PMCID: PMC8660227 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8553015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Aim Our study is to determine the influence of ropivacaine-loaded magnetic nanoparticles (MNP/Rop) on ankle nerve block in rats. Materials and Methods MNP/Rop was prepared and then injected intravenously into rats to evaluate its anesthetic effect on rat limbs. Mechanical pain thresholds paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWL) were employed for the assessment of ankle nerve block in rats. Results PWT increased from T1 to T4 in each group (P < 0.05). The intergroup comparison determined no distinct difference in the PWT value among the three series at T1 (P > 0.05); however, PWT values at T2-T4 were higher in nerve block control group (NBCG) and MNP/Rop group than in blank group (BG), and they remained slightly higher in MNP/Rop group than in NBCG. The intragroup comparison revealed that from T1 to T4, PWL in each group showed a rising trend. The PWL at T1 showed no evident difference among the three series (P > 0.05); however, PWL values at T2-T4 were higher in NBCG and MNP/Rop group than in BG, and they remained slightly higher in MNP/Rop group than in NBCG. In MNP/Rop group, both PWT and PWL increased with the increase of Fe3O4 load in MNP/Rop (P < 0.05), while PWT and PWL remained unchanged when the load was 2.189%; moreover, PWT and PWL elevated as Rop concentration increased in MNP/Rop (P < 0.05), while they kept unaltered under 40 μL 1% Rop. Conclusion Intravenous injection of MNP/Rop into rats and inhalation of MNP into the ankle joint can effectively block ankle nerve conduction in rats.
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Pukale DD, Farrag M, Leipzig ND. Detection of locomotion deficit in a post-traumatic syringomyelia rat model using automated gait analysis technique. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252559. [PMID: 34762669 PMCID: PMC8584658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Syringomyelia (SM) is a spinal cord disorder in which a cyst (syrinx) filled with fluid forms in the spinal cord post-injury/disease, in patients syrinx symptoms include loss of pain and temperature sensation or locomotion deficit. Currently, there are no small animal models and connected tools to help study the functional impacts of SM. The objective of this study was to determine the detectability of subtle locomotion deficits due to syrinx formation/expansion in post-traumatic syringomyelia (PTSM) rat model using the recently reported method of Gait Analysis Instrumentation, and Technology Optimized for Rodents (GAITOR) with Automated Gait Analysis Through Hues and Areas (AGATHA) technique. First videos of the rats were collected while walking in an arena (using GAITOR) followed by extracting meaningful locomotion information from collected videos using AGATHA protocol. PTSM injured rats demonstrated detectable locomotion deficits in terms of duty factor imbalance, paw placement accuracy, step contact width, stride length, and phase dispersion parameters compared to uninjured rats due to SM. We concluded that this technique could detect mild and subtle locomotion deficits associated with PTSM injury, which also in future work could be used further to monitor locomotion responses after different treatment strategies for SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak D. Pukale
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mahmoud Farrag
- Integrated Bioscience Program, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nic D. Leipzig
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
- Integrated Bioscience Program, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Sakamaki G, Johnson K, Mensinger M, Hmu E, Klein AH. Loss of SUR1 subtype K ATP channels alters antinociception and locomotor activity after opioid administration. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113467. [PMID: 34274374 PMCID: PMC11019344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Opioid signaling can occur through several downstream mediators and influence analgesia as well as reward mechanisms in the nervous system. KATP channels are downstream targets of the μ opioid receptor and contribute to morphine-induced antinociception. The aim of the present work was to assess the role of SUR1-subtype KATP channels in antinociception and hyperlocomotion of synthetic and semi-synthetic opioids. Adult male and female mice wild-type (WT) and SUR1 deficient (KO) mice were assessed for mechanical and thermal antinociception after administration of either buprenorphine, fentanyl, or DAMGO. Potassium flux was assessed in the dorsal root ganglia and superficial dorsal horn cells in WT and KO mice. Hyperlocomotion was also assessed in WT and KO animals after buprenorphine, fentanyl, or DAMGO administration. SUR1 KO mice had attenuated mechanical antinociception after systemic administration of buprenorphine, fentanyl, and DAMGO. Potassium flux was also attenuated in the dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord dorsal horn cells after acute administration of buprenorphine and fentanyl. Hyperlocomotion after administration of morphine and buprenorphine was potentiated in SUR1 KO mice, but was not seen after administration of fentanyl or DAMGO. These results suggest SUR1-subtype KATP channels mediate the antinociceptive response of several classes of opioids (alkaloid and synthetic/semi-synthetic), but may not contribute to the "drug-seeking" behaviors of all classes of opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Sakamaki
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Kayla Johnson
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Megan Mensinger
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Eindray Hmu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Amanda H Klein
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, United States.
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Tran PV, Johns ME, McAdams B, Abrahante JE, Simone DA, Banik RK. Global transcriptome analysis of rat dorsal root ganglia to identify molecular pathways involved in incisional pain. Mol Pain 2021; 16:1744806920956480. [PMID: 32909881 PMCID: PMC7493244 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920956480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop non-opioid therapies for postoperative incisional pain, we must understand its underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we assessed global gene expression changes in dorsal root ganglia neurons in a model of incisional pain to identify pertinent molecular pathways. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats underwent infiltration of 1% capsaicin or vehicle into the plantar hind paw (n = 6-9/group) 30 min before plantar incision. Twenty-four hours after incision or sham (control) surgery, lumbar L4-L6 dorsal root ganglias were collected from rats pretreated with vehicle or capsaicin. RNA was isolated and sequenced by next generation sequencing. The genes were then annotated to functional networks using a knowledge-based database, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. In rats pretreated with vehicle, plantar incision caused robust hyperalgesia, up-regulated 36 genes and downregulated 90 genes in dorsal root ganglias one day after plantar incision. Capsaicin pretreatment attenuated pain behaviors, caused localized denervation of the dermis and epidermis, and prevented the incision-induced changes in 99 of 126 genes. The pathway analyses showed altered gene networks related to increased pro-inflammatory and decreased anti-inflammatory responses in dorsal root ganglias. Insulin-like growth factor signaling was identified as one of the major gene networks involved in the development of incisional pain. Expression of insulin-like growth factor -2 and IGFBP6 in dorsal root ganglia were independently validated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We discovered a distinct subset of dorsal root ganglia genes and three key signaling pathways that are altered 24 h after plantar incision but are unchanged when incision was made after capsaicin infiltration in the skin. Further exploration of molecular mechanisms of incisional pain may yield novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phu V Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Malcolm E Johns
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brian McAdams
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Juan E Abrahante
- Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Donald A Simone
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ratan K Banik
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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10
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Okerman T, Jurgenson T, Moore M, Klein AH. Inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT-cyclic GMP-c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway attenuates the development of morphine tolerance in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. Mol Pain 2021; 17:17448069211003375. [PMID: 33745380 PMCID: PMC7983416 DOI: 10.1177/17448069211003375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Research presented here sought to determine if opioid induced tolerance is linked to activity changes within the PI3Kγ-AKT-cGMP-JNK intracellular signaling pathway in spinal cord or peripheral nervous systems. Morphine or saline injections were given subcutaneously twice a day for five days (15 mg/kg) to male C57Bl/6 mice. A separate cohort of mice received spinal nerve ligation (SNL) one week prior to the start of morphine tolerance. Afterwards, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, and sciatic nerves were isolated for quantifying total and phosphorylated- JNK levels, cGMP, and gene expression analysis of Pik3cg, Akt1, Pten, and nNos1. This pathway was downregulated in the spinal cord with increased expression in the sciatic nerve of morphine tolerant and morphine tolerant mice after SNL. We also observed a significant increase in phosphorylated- JNK levels in the sciatic nerve of morphine tolerant mice with SNL. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K or JNK, using thalidomide, quercetin, or SP600125, attenuated the development of morphine tolerance in mice with SNL as measured by thermal paw withdrawal. Overall, the PI3K/AKT intracellular signaling pathway is a potential target for reducing the development of morphine tolerance in the peripheral nervous system. Continued research into this pathway will contribute to the development of new analgesic drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Okerman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Taylor Jurgenson
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Madelyn Moore
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Amanda H Klein
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
- Amanda H Klein, 232 Life Sciences, 1110 Kirby Drive, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
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11
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Koh GP, Fouad C, Lanzinger W, Willits RK. Effect of Intraoperative Electrical Stimulation on Recovery after Rat Sciatic Nerve Isograft Repair. Neurotrauma Rep 2020; 1:181-191. [PMID: 34223540 PMCID: PMC8240900 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2020.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries, associated with significant morbidity, can benefit from electrical stimulation (ES), as demonstrated in animal studies through improved axonal growth. This study combined the clinical gold standard of isograft repair in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury to evaluate the effects of intraoperative ES on functional tests and histology. Forty rats underwent a surgically induced gap injury to the right sciatic nerve and subsequent repair with an isograft. Half of these rats were randomly selected to receive 10 min of intraoperative ES. Functional testing, including response time to a heat stimulus and motor functional tests, were conducted. Histology of the sciatic nerves and gastrocnemius muscles were analyzed after 6 and 12 weeks of recovery. Rats that underwent ES treatment showed incremental improvements in motor function between weeks 2 and 12, with a significantly higher push-off response than the no-ES controls after 6 weeks. Although no differences were detected between groups in the sensory testing, significant improvements over time were noted in the ES group. Histology parameters, sciatic nerve measures, and gastrocnemius muscle weights demonstrated nerve recovery over time for both the ES and no-ES control groups. Although ES promoted improvements in motor function comparable to that in previous studies, the benefits of intraoperative ES were not detectable in other metrics of this rat model of peripheral nerve injury. Future work is needed to optimize sensory testing in the rodent injury model and compare electrical activity of collagen scaffolds to native tissue to detect differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina P Koh
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Carol Fouad
- Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - William Lanzinger
- Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Rebecca Kuntz Willits
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA.,Mechanical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA.,Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA.,Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Abboud C, Duveau A, Bouali-Benazzouz R, Massé K, Mattar J, Brochoire L, Fossat P, Boué-Grabot E, Hleihel W, Landry M. Animal models of pain: Diversity and benefits. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 348:108997. [PMID: 33188801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a maladaptive neurological disease that remains a major health problem. A deepening of our knowledge on mechanisms that cause pain is a prerequisite to developing novel treatments. A large variety of animal models of pain has been developed that recapitulate the diverse symptoms of different pain pathologies. These models reproduce different pain phenotypes and remain necessary to examine the multidimensional aspects of pain and understand the cellular and molecular basis underlying pain conditions. In this review, we propose an overview of animal models, from simple organisms to rodents and non-human primates and the specific traits of pain pathologies they model. We present the main behavioral tests for assessing pain and investing the underpinning mechanisms of chronic pathological pain. The validity of animal models is analysed based on their ability to mimic human clinical diseases and to predict treatment outcomes. Refine characterization of pathological phenotypes also requires to consider pain globally using specific procedures dedicated to study emotional comorbidities of pain. We discuss the limitations of pain models when research findings fail to be translated from animal models to human clinics. But we also point to some recent successes in analgesic drug development that highlight strategies for improving the predictive validity of animal models of pain. Finally, we emphasize the importance of using assortments of preclinical pain models to identify pain subtype mechanisms, and to foster the development of better analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Abboud
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Lebanon
| | - Alexia Duveau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Rabia Bouali-Benazzouz
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Karine Massé
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Joseph Mattar
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Lebanon
| | - Louison Brochoire
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascal Fossat
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Boué-Grabot
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Walid Hleihel
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Lebanon; Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Lebanon
| | - Marc Landry
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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13
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Yam MF, Loh YC, Oo CW, Basir R. Overview of Neurological Mechanism of Pain Profile Used for Animal "Pain-Like" Behavioral Study with Proposed Analgesic Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124355. [PMID: 32575378 PMCID: PMC7352401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is the most common sensation installed in us naturally which plays a vital role in defending us against severe harm. This neurological mechanism pathway has been one of the most complex and comprehensive topics but there has never been an elaborate justification of the types of analgesics that used to reduce the pain sensation through which specific pathways. Of course, there have been some answers to curbing of pain which is a lifesaver in numerous situations-chronic and acute pain conditions alike. This has been explored by scientists using pain-like behavioral study methodologies in non-anesthetized animals since decades ago to characterize the analgesic profile such as centrally or peripherally acting drugs and allowing for the development of analgesics. However, widely the methodology is being practiced such as the tail flick/Hargreaves test and Von Frey/Randall-Selitto tests which are stimulus-evoked nociception studies, and there has rarely been a complete review of all these methodologies, their benefits and its downside coupled with the mechanism of the action that is involved. Thus, this review solely focused on the complete protocol that is being adapted in each behavioral study methods induced by different phlogogenic agents, the different assessment methods used for phasic, tonic and inflammatory pain studies and the proposed mechanism of action underlying each behavioral study methodology for analgesic drug profiling. It is our belief that this review could significantly provide a concise idea and improve our scientists' understanding towards pain management in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Fei Yam
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Yean Chun Loh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (Y.C.L.); (R.B.); Tel.: +60-46536018 (Y.C.L.); +60-389472448 (R.B.)
| | - Chuan Wei Oo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Rusliza Basir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Y.C.L.); (R.B.); Tel.: +60-46536018 (Y.C.L.); +60-389472448 (R.B.)
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14
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Evely KM, Pryce KD, Bausch AE, Lukowski R, Ruth P, Haj-Dahmane S, Bhattacharjee A. Slack K Na Channels Influence Dorsal Horn Synapses and Nociceptive Behavior. Mol Pain 2018; 13:1744806917714342. [PMID: 28604221 PMCID: PMC5486487 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917714342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sodium-activated potassium channel Slack (Kcnt1, Slo2.2) is highly expressed in dorsal root ganglion neurons where it regulates neuronal firing. Several studies have implicated the Slack channel in pain processing, but the precise mechanism or the levels within the sensory pathway where channels are involved remain unclear. Here, we furthered the behavioral characterization of Slack channel knockout mice and for the first time examined the role of Slack channels in the superficial, pain-processing lamina of the dorsal horn. We performed whole-cell recordings from spinal cord slices to examine the intrinsic and synaptic properties of putative inhibitory and excitatory lamina II interneurons. Slack channel deletion altered intrinsic properties and synaptic drive to favor an overall enhanced excitatory tone. We measured the amplitudes and paired pulse ratio of paired excitatory post-synaptic currents at primary afferent synapses evoked by electrical stimulation of the dorsal root entry zone. We found a substantial decrease in the paired pulse ratio at synapses in Slack deleted neurons compared to wildtype, indicating increased presynaptic release from primary afferents. Corroborating these data, plantar test showed Slack knockout mice have an enhanced nociceptive responsiveness to localized thermal stimuli compared to wildtype mice. Our findings suggest that Slack channels regulate synaptic transmission within the spinal cord dorsal horn and by doing so establishes the threshold for thermal nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Evely
- Program in Neuroscience, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Kerri D Pryce
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne E Bausch
- Institut für Pharmazie, Pharmakologie, Toxikologie und Klinische Pharmazie der Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Lukowski
- Institut für Pharmazie, Pharmakologie, Toxikologie und Klinische Pharmazie der Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Ruth
- Institut für Pharmazie, Pharmakologie, Toxikologie und Klinische Pharmazie der Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Samir Haj-Dahmane
- Program in Neuroscience, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, USA
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15
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Neuropathic pain-induced enhancement of spontaneous and pain-evoked neuronal activity in the periaqueductal gray that is attenuated by gabapentin. Pain 2018; 158:1241-1253. [PMID: 28328571 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating pathological condition that is poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests that abnormal central processing occurs during the development of neuropathic pain induced by the cancer chemotherapeutic agent, paclitaxel. Yet, it is unclear what role neurons in supraspinal pain network sites, such as the periaqueductal gray, play in altered behavioral sensitivity seen during chronic pain conditions. To elucidate these mechanisms, we studied the spontaneous and thermally evoked firing patterns of ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) neurons in awake-behaving rats treated with paclitaxel to induce neuropathic pain. In the present study, vlPAG neurons in naive rats exhibited either excitatory, inhibitory, or neutral responses to noxious thermal stimuli, as previously observed. However, after development of behavioral hypersensitivity induced by the chemotherapeutic agent, paclitaxel, vlPAG neurons displayed increased neuronal activity and changes in thermal pain-evoked neuronal activity. This involved elevated levels of spontaneous firing and heightened responsiveness to nonnoxious stimuli (allodynia) as well as noxious thermal stimuli (hyperalgesia) as compared with controls. Furthermore, after paclitaxel treatment, only excitatory neuronal responses were observed for both nonnoxious and noxious thermal stimuli. Systemic administration of gabapentin, a nonopioid analgesic, induced significant dose-dependent decreases in the elevated spontaneous and thermally evoked vlPAG neuronal firing to both nonnoxious and noxious thermal stimuli in rats exhibiting neuropathic pain, but not in naive rats. Thus, these results show a strong correlation between behavioral hypersensitivity to thermal stimuli and increased firing of vlPAG neurons in allodynia and hyperalgesia that occur in this neuropathic pain model.
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16
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Deuis JR, Dvorakova LS, Vetter I. Methods Used to Evaluate Pain Behaviors in Rodents. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:284. [PMID: 28932184 PMCID: PMC5592204 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents are commonly used to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of pain as studies in humans may be difficult to perform and ethically limited. As pain cannot be directly measured in rodents, many methods that quantify “pain-like” behaviors or nociception have been developed. These behavioral methods can be divided into stimulus-evoked or non-stimulus evoked (spontaneous) nociception, based on whether or not application of an external stimulus is used to elicit a withdrawal response. Stimulus-evoked methods, which include manual and electronic von Frey, Randall-Selitto and the Hargreaves test, were the first to be developed and continue to be in widespread use. However, concerns over the clinical translatability of stimulus-evoked nociception in recent years has led to the development and increasing implementation of non-stimulus evoked methods, such as grimace scales, burrowing, weight bearing and gait analysis. This review article provides an overview, as well as discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the most commonly used behavioral methods of stimulus-evoked and non-stimulus-evoked nociception used in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Deuis
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandSt. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucie S Dvorakova
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandSt. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- IMB Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandSt. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, The University of QueenslandWoolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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17
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Dunham JP, Hulse RP, Donaldson LF. A novel method for delivering ramped cooling reveals rat behaviours at innocuous and noxious temperatures: A comparative study of human psychophysics and rat behaviour. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 249:29-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-sixth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2013 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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