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Spanoudaki M, Papadopoulou SK, Antasouras G, Papadopoulos KA, Psara E, Vorvolakos T, Solovos E, Chrysafi M, Psallas M, Mentzelou M, Ourda D, Giaginis C. Curcumin as a Multifunctional Spice Ingredient against Mental Disorders in Humans: Current Clinical Studies and Bioavailability Concerns. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:479. [PMID: 38672750 PMCID: PMC11050944 DOI: 10.3390/life14040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders in terms of depression, anxiety, and stress are one of the major causes of burden globally. Over the last two decades, the use of plant-based substances in the treatment of mental disorders in combination or not with medication has increasingly attracted the interest of the scientific research community. However, even if there is a plethora of naturally occurring bioactive compounds, most of them have low bioavailability, rendering them unable to insert into the bloodstream to exert their biological activities. METHODS This is a comprehensive narrative review that critically summarizes and scrutinizes the new approaches to the treatment of mental disorders using curcumin, also highlighting its bioavailability properties. The most accurate were searched using effective and relevant keywords. RESULTS This narrative review reveals substantial evidence that curcumin can exert significant effects on several mental disorders. However, despite the low cost, the extensive and confirmed potency of curcumin and its involvement in signaling pathways and the scientifically confirmed data regarding its molecular mechanisms of action against mental disorders, this naturally occurring compound presents low oral bioavailability. Pharmaceutical technology has provided solutions to increase the bioavailability of curcumin. Combination with piperine, galactomannosides, liposomal formulation or nanoformulation overcomes the bioavailability and solubility disadvantages. CONCLUSIONS Although curcumin demonstrates anti-anxiety, anti-depressive and anti-stress properties, studies on humans are limited and heterogeneous. Further research is highly recommended to determine the most functional formula, dose, duration, and possible side effects of curcumin on mental disorders in humans. Based on the current knowledge, the curcumin nanoformulation and Theracurmin, a form of colloidal submicroscopic particles, seem to be the most effective bioavailable formulations, which may be examined in future clinical human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Spanoudaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece (S.K.P.)
- 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.P.); (E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece (S.K.P.)
| | - Georgios Antasouras
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (G.A.); (E.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Evmorfia Psara
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (G.A.); (E.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Theofanis Vorvolakos
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Solovos
- 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.P.); (E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Chrysafi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (G.A.); (E.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Michalis Psallas
- 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.P.); (E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (G.A.); (E.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Despoina Ourda
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (G.A.); (E.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
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Xu YQ, Gou Y, Yuan JJ, Zhu YX, Ma XM, Chen C, Huang XX, Yang ZX, Zhou YM. Peripheral Blood Inflammatory Cytokine Factors Expressions are Associated with Response to Acupuncture Therapy in Postpartum Depression Patients. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:5189-5203. [PMID: 38026248 PMCID: PMC10655746 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s436907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidences demonstrate that immune dysregulation can result in depression, and it is reported that persistent inflammatory response is related to the unresponsiveness of antidepressant treatment. Purpose This study aimed to explore the reason why some responded but some not responded to acupuncture in treating postpartum depression (PPD), and whether it related to the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Patients and Methods Women diagnosed with PPD were recruited in to accept 8-week acupuncture. All subjects were assessed the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS17) at baseline, week 1, week 2, week 4 and week 8 during the treatment. A panel of 9 cytokines was measured at baseline and 8 weeks. Results Of the 121 participants, 96 completed the 8-week assessment and 46 completed the blood sample collection. HDRS17 scores of 96 subjects showed significant statistical reduction since the first week (P = 0.002) and reached to 5.31 (P < 0.000) at the end of therapy. And we divided the 46 subjects into responders and non-responders according to the response rate of HDRS17 scores. Responders and non-responders did not differ significantly between-group in changes in the 9 cytokines. In responders, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ levels were statistically lower (P = 0.006; P = 0.033; P = 0.024), while TGF-β1 was statistically higher after 8 weeks treatment (P < 0.000). In non-responders, the levels of IL-5, TNF-α and TGF-β1 were statistically higher (P = 0.018; P < 0.000; P < 0.000), while IFN-γ was statistically lower (P = 0.005). Conclusion Acupuncture could alleviate depressive symptoms of patients with PPD and might through adjusting peripheral inflammatory response by up-regulating anti-inflammatory cytokines and down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Xu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - YanHua Gou
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jun Yuan
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xian Zhu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ming Ma
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Xian Huang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Xin Yang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Mei Zhou
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Zeng Y, Zhang D, Fu N, Zhao W, Huang Q, Cui J, Chen Y, Liu Z, Zhang X, Zhang S, Mansoor KM. Risk Factors for Granulomatous Mastitis and Establishment and Validation of a Clinical Prediction Model (Nomogram). Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:2209-2222. [PMID: 37881167 PMCID: PMC10596285 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s431228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the risk factors and clinical characteristics of granulomatous mastitis (GM) using a case-control study and establish and validate a clinical prediction model (nomogram). Methods This retrospective case-control study was conducted in three hospitals in China from June 2017 to December 2021. A total of 1634 GM patients and 186 healthy women during the same period were included and randomly divided into the modeling and validation groups in a 7:3 ratio. To identify the independent risk factors of GM, univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were conducted and used to develop a nomogram. The prediction model was internally and externally validated using the Bootstrap technique and validation cohort. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve were used to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of the prediction model. Decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curve (CIC) were used to evaluate the clinical significance of the model. Results The average age of GM patients was 33.14 years (mainly 20-40). The incidence was high within five years from delivery and mainly occurred in the unilateral breast. The majority of the patients exhibited local skin alterations, while some also presented with systemic symptoms. On multivariate logistic analysis, age, high prolactin level, sex hormone intake, breast trauma, nipple discharge or invagination, and depression were independent risk factors for GM. The mean area under the curve (AUC) in the modeling and validation groups were 0.899 and 0.889. The internal and external validation demonstrated the model's predictive ability and clinical value. Conclusion Lactation-related factors are the main risk factors of GM, leading to milk stasis or increased ductal secretion. Meanwhile, hormone disorders could affect the secretion and expansion of mammary ducts. All these factors can obstruct or injure the duct, inducing inflammatory reactions and immune responses. Additionally, blunt trauma, depressed mood, and diet preference can accelerate the process. The nomogram can effectively predict the risk of GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zeng
- Department of Galactophore, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxiao Zhang
- Department of Galactophore, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Fu
- Department of Galactophore, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- Department of Galactophore, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Huang
- Department of Galactophore, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianchun Cui
- Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital (Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, People’s Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunru Chen
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaolan Liu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyun Zhang
- Guang’ Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Khattak Mazher Mansoor
- Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital (Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, People’s Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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Li Y, Wang H, Zhou J, Wang C. Research progress on the correlation between transforming growth factor- β level and symptoms of depression. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 52:646-652. [PMID: 37916311 PMCID: PMC10630060 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a group of cytokines with anti-inflammatory effects in the TGF family, which participates in the development of stress and depression-related mechanisms, and plays roles in the regulation of inflammatory response in depression and the recovery of various cytokine imbalances. The core symptoms of depression is associated with TGF-β level, and the psychological symptoms of depression are related to TGF-β gene polymorphism. Various antidepressants may up-regulate TGF-β level through the complex interaction between neurotransmitters and inflammatory factors, inhibiting inflammatory response and regulating cytokine imbalance to improve depressive symptoms. Studies have shown that recombinant TGF-β1 protein has beneficial effects in mouse depression models, indicating TGF-β1 might be a potential therapeutic target for depression and nasal sprays having the advantage of being fast acting delivery method. This article reviews the research progress on dynamic changes of TGF-β level before and after depression treatment and the application of TGF-β level as an indicator for the improvement of depressive symptoms. We provide ideas for the development of new antidepressants and for the evaluation of the treatment efficacy in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Li
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Henan Psychological Aid Cloud Platform and Application Engineering Research Center, Xinxiang 453002, Henan Province, China.
| | - Huiying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Henan Psychological Aid Cloud Platform and Application Engineering Research Center, Xinxiang 453002, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiansong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, National Clinical Medical Research Center for Ment, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Changhong Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Henan Psychological Aid Cloud Platform and Application Engineering Research Center, Xinxiang 453002, Henan Province, China.
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Saleh VM, Auda IG, Ali EN. The C/A functional polymorphism of TGF-β2 gene (rs991967) in primary open angle glaucoma patients. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7197-7203. [PMID: 37418083 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary Open-angle Glaucoma (POAG) is a functional disease that.leads to blindness globally. The aims of this study are estimation the importance.of transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2) in the pathogenicity of POAG and.to evaluate the effect of the C/A SNP of the TGF-β2 gene (rs991967) on POAG development. METHODS Blood samples and some topographic data were collected from POAG.patients and the controls. The serum level of TGF-β2 was estimated by ELISA.and the C/A SNP of the TGF-β2 gene (rs991967) was determined by RFLP-PCR. RESULTS The males are more susceptible to having POAG (p = 0.0201). The serum.TGF-β2 is higher in POAG patients as compared with the control (p < 0.0001). The.AA (reference) genotype was the most common in the patients (61.7%). While..CC genotype (45.0%, OR: 0.136, 95%CI: 0.05-0.36, P < 0.0001) and AC..genotypes (41.7%, OR: 0.051, 95%CI: 0.01-0.16, P < 0.001) were most common..in the control group. Moreover, the TGF-β2 C allele is protective (OR: 0.25,..95%, CI: 0.15-0.44, P < 0.0001). Patients with AA, CC, and AC genotypes have..significantly high levels of TGF-β2 (P < 0.001) than the control. CONCLUSIONS The males were more susceptible to acquiring POAG than females,.. especially the elderly. The TGF-β2 plays important role in the pathogenesis of POAG. The CC and AC genotypes are common in the control and the C allele is a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vian Mohammed Saleh
- Department of Biology -College of Science-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Ibtesam Ghadban Auda
- Department of Biology -College of Science-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ekhlass N Ali
- Department of Biology -College of Science-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Li Y, Zhu B, Shen J, Miao L. Depression in maintenance hemodialysis patients: What do we need to know? Heliyon 2023; 9:e19383. [PMID: 37662812 PMCID: PMC10472011 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now recognized as a major public health problem in the world. The global prevalence of CKD is estimated at 13.4% (11.7-15.1%), with an estimated 490.2 to 7.083 million patients with End stage renal disease requiring renal replacement therapy. Hemodialysis is the main treatment for End stage renal disease patients because of its high safety and efficiency. The survival time of these patients was significantly prolonged, but many psychological problems followed. Depression is a type of mood disorder caused by a variety of causes, often manifested as disproportionate depression and loss of interest, sometimes accompanied by anxiety, agitation, even hallucinations, delusions and other psychotic symptoms. Depression has become the most common mental disorder in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients according to the meta-analysis. In recent years, depression has seriously affected the quality of life and prognosis of MHD patients from dietary, sleep, treatment adherence, energy and other dimensions. This article reviews the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of depression in MHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jianqin Shen
- Blood Purification Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Liying Miao
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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De la Cruz-Ahumada CJ, Topete-Reyes JF, Mena-Ramírez JP, Guzmán-Flores JM, Guzmán-González JI, Ramírez-De los Santos S. Inflammatory Determinants and Associated Morbidity in Hemodialysis Patients. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1311. [PMID: 37763079 PMCID: PMC10532888 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemodialysis deteriorates patients' physical, metabolic, and mental status. Clinical outcomes derived from inflammation determine a worse status but are less frequently identified. The objective of the study was to identify inflammatory determinants and the effect of SNP-related serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels on associated morbidity in hemodialysis. A sample of hemodialysis patients at IMSS Regional Hospital No.46 in Guadalajara (n = 85) were tested using the Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess the associated morbidity. Serum cytokine levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique was used for analysis of IL-6-572C/G and IL-10-1082A/G. Using data visualization methods, we identified relevant determinants of inflammation. A simple regression model was constructed between predictors and targets with genotypes as covariates. Results showed malnutrition in 85.9% of patients and depressive symptoms in 50.6%. IL-10 was the most relevant inflammatory determinant, with regression coefficients (R2) between 0.05 and 0.11. The GG genotype of IL-10-1082 A/G evinced small effect on both clinical outcomes (δ of 0.35 and 0.37, respectively). Hemodialysis increases the associated morbidity, cytokines act as inflammatory determinants, and genetic variability contributes to the severity of clinical outcomes. Further studies need to refine the causal relationship between inflammation and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Jackelin De la Cruz-Ahumada
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biociencias, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.J.D.l.C.-A.)
| | | | | | - Juan Manuel Guzmán-Flores
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biociencias, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.J.D.l.C.-A.)
| | - Jesúa Ivan Guzmán-González
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biociencias, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.J.D.l.C.-A.)
| | - Saúl Ramírez-De los Santos
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
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Zeng Y, Zhang D, Zhao W, Fu N, Huang Q, Li S, Gao C, Yu J. Predisposing Factors for Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis: A Case-Control Study. Int J Womens Health 2023; 15:1063-1075. [PMID: 37795195 PMCID: PMC10547110 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s414054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the rising incidence rate of granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM), uncertainties persist about its etiologic and predisposing factors to guide clinical treatment and early prevention. The objective of this study is to explore the predisposing factors for GLM. Patients and methods This case-control study was conducted from 2018 to 2021 at Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University. Patients with GLM (cases) were matched with healthy examinees (controls) in a 1:1 ratio according to gender and living area. We analyzed their demographic features and investigated 75 factors that may be relevant to GLM using a standard questionnaire. Univariate and multivariable binary conditional logistic regression analyses were used to compare the differences between the two groups and evaluate the predisposing factors that may induce GLM. Results There were 594 female GLM patients and 594 matched controls included in the study. The average age of the cases was 32.78 years (mainly 20 to 40). The incidence was high within five years after childbirth, and lesions were mainly in the unilateral breast. Univariate and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses obtained six relevant factors and six high-risk factors. The six relevant factors included age, marriage, emotional abnormality, high prolactin, psychiatric drug intake, and sex hormone intake. Additionally, the independent high-risk factors for GLM included gestation, nipple invagination, blunt trauma, non-iatrogenic massage, lactation disorder, and nipple discharge (odds ratio (OR)=17.378, 8.518, 4.887, 3.116, 2.522, 1.685, P<0.05). Menopause was an independent protective factor (OR=0.249, P<0.05). Conclusion The factors that increase milk and secretion production in the mammary duct are the main risk factors of GLM, especially when the nipples are invaginated. These factors can obstruct the duct and induce inflammation. Additionally, hormonal disorders, extrinsic trauma, and emotional abnormalities can accelerate the occurrence of GLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zeng
- Department of Galactophore, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxiao Zhang
- Department of Galactophore, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- Department of Galactophore, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Fu
- Department of Galactophore, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Huang
- Department of Galactophore, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuqi Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Gao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiale Yu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Mikhalitskaya EV, Vyalova NM, Ermakov EA, Levchuk LA, Simutkin GG, Bokhan NA, Ivanova SA. Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Cytokine Genes with Depression, Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1460. [PMID: 37510364 PMCID: PMC10379485 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune gene variants are known to be associated with the risk of psychiatric disorders, their clinical manifestations, and their response to therapy. This narrative review summarizes the current literature over the past decade on the association of polymorphic variants of cytokine genes with risk, severity, and response to treatment for severe mental disorders such as bipolar disorder, depression, and schizophrenia. A search of literature in databases was carried out using keywords related to depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, inflammation, and cytokines. Gene lists were extracted from publications to identify common genes and pathways for these mental disorders. Associations between polymorphic variants of the IL1B, IL6, and TNFA genes were the most replicated and relevant in depression. Polymorphic variants of the IL1B, IL6, IL6R, IL10, IL17A, and TNFA genes have been associated with schizophrenia. Bipolar disorder has mainly been associated with polymorphic variants of the IL1B gene. Interestingly, the IL6R gene polymorphism (rs2228145) was associated with all three diseases. Some cytokine genes have also been associated with clinical presentation and response to pharmacotherapy. There is also evidence that some specific polymorphic variants may affect the expression of cytokine genes. Thus, the data from this review indicate a link between neuroinflammation and severe mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Mikhalitskaya
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalya M Vyalova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Ermakov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lyudmila A Levchuk
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
| | - German G Simutkin
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Bokhan
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
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Qiu X, Lu P, Zeng X, Jin S, Chen X. Study on the Mechanism for SIRT1 during the Process of Exercise Improving Depression. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050719. [PMID: 37239191 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism behind the onset of depression has been the focus of current research in the neuroscience field. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a key player in regulating energy metabolism, and it can regulate depression by mediating the inflammatory response (e.g., nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β)), gene expression in the nucleus accumben (NAc) and CA1 region of the hippocampus (e.g., nescient helix-loop-helix2 (NHLH2), monoamine oxidase (MAO-A), and 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA)), and neuronal regeneration in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Exercise is an important means to improve energy metabolism and depression, but it remains to be established how SIRT1 acts during exercise and improves depression. By induction and analysis, SIRT1 can be activated by exercise and then improve the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by upregulating brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF), inhibit the inflammatory response (suppression of the NF-κB and TNF-α/indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)/5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) pathways), and promote neurogenesis (activation of the insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF-1) and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) pathways, etc.), thereby improving depression. The present review gives a summary and an outlook based on this finding and makes an analysis, which will provide a new rationale and insight for the mechanism by which exercise improves depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Qiu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Pengcheng Lu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xinyu Zeng
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Shengjie Jin
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xianghe Chen
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
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Selected Biomarkers of Depression: What Are the Effects of Cytokines and Inflammation? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010578. [PMID: 36614020 PMCID: PMC9820159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the leading mental illnesses worldwide and lowers the quality of life of many. According to WHO, about 5% of the worldwide population suffers from depression. Newer studies report a staggering global prevalence of 27.6%, and it is rising. Professionally, depression belonging to affective disorders is a psychiatric illness, and the category of major depressive disorder (MDD) comprises various diagnoses related to persistent and disruptive mood disorders. Due to this fact, it is imperative to find a way to assess depression quantitatively using a specific biomarker or a panel of biomarkers that would be able to reflect the patients' state and the effects of therapy. Cytokines, hormones, oxidative stress markers, and neuropeptides are studied in association with depression. The latest research into inflammatory cytokines shows that their relationship with the etiology of depression is causative. There are stronger cytokine reactions to pathogens and stressors in depression. If combined with other predisposing factors, responses lead to prolonged inflammatory processes, prolonged dysregulation of various axes, stress, pain, mood changes, anxiety, and depression. This review focuses on the most recent data on cytokines as markers of depression concerning their roles in its pathogenesis, their possible use in diagnosis and management, their different levels in bodily fluids, and their similarities in animal studies. However, cytokines are not isolated from the pathophysiologic mechanisms of depression or other psychiatric disorders. Their effects are only a part of the whole pathway.
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12
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Wang X, Cai ZD, Jiang WT, Fang YY, Sun WX, Wang X. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of exercise on depression in adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:16. [PMID: 35227300 PMCID: PMC8886903 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is widespread among adolescents and seriously endangers their quality of life and academic performance. Developing strategies for adolescent depression has important public health implications. No systematic review on the effectiveness of physical exercise for adolescents aged 12-18 years with depression or depressive symptoms has previously been conducted. This study aims to systematically evaluate the effect of physical exercise on adolescent depression in the hope of developing optimum physical exercise programs. METHODS Nine major databases at home and abroad were searched to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on exercise interventions among adolescents with depression or depressive symptoms. The retrieval period started from the founding date of each database to May 1, 2021. The methodological quality of the included articles was evaluated using the modified PEDro scale. A meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias tests were then conducted. RESULTS Fifteen articles, involving 19 comparisons, with a sample size of 1331, were included. Physical exercise significantly reduced adolescent depression (standardized mean difference [SMD] = - 0.64, 95% CI - 0.89, - 0.39, p < 0.01), with a moderate effect size, in both adolescents with depression (SMD = -0.57, 95% CI - 0.90, - 0.23, p < 0.01) and adolescents with depressive symptoms (SMD = - 0.67, 95% CI - 1.00, - 0.33, p < 0.01). In subgroups of different depression categories (depression or depressive symptoms), aerobic exercise was the main form of exercise for the treatment of adolescents with depression. For adolescents with depression, interventions lasting 6 weeks, 30 min/time, and 4 times/week had optimum results. The effects of aerobic exercise and resistance + aerobic exercise in the subgroup of adolescents with depressive symptoms were significant, while the effect of physical and mental exercise (yoga) was not significant. For adolescents with depressive symptoms, aerobic exercise lasting 8 weeks, 75-120 min/time, and 3 times/week had optimum results. Physical exercise with moderate intensity is a better choice for adolescents with depression and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Physical exercise has a positive effect on the improvement of depression in adolescents. The protocol for this study was registered with INPLASY (202170013). DOI number is 10.37766/inplasy2021.7.0013. Registration Date:2021.7.06.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 650 Qingyuan Ring Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Zhi-dong Cai
- School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 650 Qingyuan Ring Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Wan-ting Jiang
- School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 650 Qingyuan Ring Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yan-yan Fang
- School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 650 Qingyuan Ring Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Wen-xin Sun
- School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 650 Qingyuan Ring Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 650 Qingyuan Ring Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 China
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13
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Norkeviciene A, Gocentiene R, Sestokaite A, Sabaliauskaite R, Dabkeviciene D, Jarmalaite S, Bulotiene G. A Systematic Review of Candidate Genes for Major Depression. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020285. [PMID: 35208605 PMCID: PMC8875554 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to analyse which candidate genes were examined in genetic association studies and their association with major depressive disorder (MDD). Materials and Methods: We searched PUBMED for relevant studies published between 1 July 2012 and 31 March 2019, using combinations of keywords: “major depressive disorder” OR “major depression” AND “gene candidate”, “major depressive disorder” OR “major depression” AND “polymorphism”. Synthesis focused on assessing the likelihood of bias and investigating factors that may explain differences between the results of studies. For selected gene list after literature overview, functional enrichment analysis and gene ontology term enrichment analysis were conducted. Results: 141 studies were included in the qualitative review of gene association studies focusing on MDD. 86 studies declared significant results (p < 0.05) for 172 SNPs in 85 genes. The 13 SNPs associations were confirmed by at least two studies. The 18 genetic polymorphism associations were confirmed in both the previous and this systematic analysis by at least one study. The majority of the studies (68.79 %) did not use or describe power analysis, which may have had an impact over the significance of their results. Almost a third of studies (N = 54) were conducted in Chinese Han population. Conclusion: Unfortunately, there is still insufficient data on the links between genes and depression. Despite the reported genetic associations, most studies were lacking in statistical power analysis, research samples were small, and most gene polymorphisms have been confirmed in only one study. Further genetic research with larger research samples is needed to discern whether the relationship is random or causal. Summations: This systematic review had summarized all reported genetic associations and has highlighted the genetic associations that have been replicated. Limitations: Unfortunately, most gene polymorphisms have been confirmed only once, so further studies are warranted for replicating these genetic associations. In addition, most studies included a small number of MDD cases that could be indicative for false positive. Considering that polymorphism loci and associations with MDD is also vastly dependent on interpersonal variation, extensive studies of gene interaction pathways could provide more answers to the complexity of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrone Norkeviciene
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio Str. 21/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.N.); (R.G.)
| | - Romena Gocentiene
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio Str. 21/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.N.); (R.G.)
| | - Agne Sestokaite
- National Cancer Institute, Santariskiu Str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.S.); (D.D.); (S.J.)
| | - Rasa Sabaliauskaite
- National Cancer Institute, Santariskiu Str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.S.); (D.D.); (S.J.)
| | - Daiva Dabkeviciene
- National Cancer Institute, Santariskiu Str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.S.); (D.D.); (S.J.)
| | - Sonata Jarmalaite
- National Cancer Institute, Santariskiu Str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.S.); (D.D.); (S.J.)
| | - Giedre Bulotiene
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio Str. 21/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.N.); (R.G.)
- National Cancer Institute, Santariskiu Str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.S.); (D.D.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Stress induced microglial activation contributes to depression. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Jeleń A, Żebrowska-Nawrocka M, Szmajda-Krygier D, Mazur K, Gałecki P, Balcerczak E. Preliminary investigation of two promoter region polymorphisms of the TNFA gene in patients with recurrent depressive disorder. Biomed Rep 2021; 15:105. [PMID: 34760278 PMCID: PMC8567462 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune system dysregulation plays a role in the pathogenesis of complex human diseases, including psychiatric disorders. In addition, elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) may be conditioned by the presence of specific polymorphic variants. The present case-controlled preliminary study evaluated the prevalence of TNFA gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) G-308A (rs1800629) and T-1031C (rs1799964) in 83 Polish patients with depression by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The results were compared with the frequencies of genotypes in a geographically- and ethnically-matched group of individuals without depression. No statistically significant difference in genotype/allele frequency was observed for either SNP between the two groups. No association was found between the particular genotypes and selected demographic/clinical features, including sex, age at diagnosis or severity of depressive symptoms before/after pharmacotherapy. Thus, there does not appear to be any connection between the studied SNPs and the development and progression of depression; however, further studies are required with larger cohorts to better understand this aspect of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jeleń
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Łódź, 90-151 Łódź, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Marta Żebrowska-Nawrocka
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Łódź, 90-151 Łódź, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Dagmara Szmajda-Krygier
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Łódź, 90-151 Łódź, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mazur
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Łódź, 90-151 Łódź, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Łódź, 91-229 Łódź, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Ewa Balcerczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Łódź, 90-151 Łódź, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland
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McCallum RT, Perreault ML. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3: A Focal Point for Advancing Pathogenic Inflammation in Depression. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092270. [PMID: 34571919 PMCID: PMC8470361 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the host immune response has a monumental role in the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), motivating the development of the inflammatory hypothesis of depression. Central to the involvement of chronic inflammation in MDD is a wide range of signaling deficits induced by the excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and imbalanced T cell differentiation. Such signaling deficits include the glutamatergic, cholinergic, insulin, and neurotrophin systems, which work in concert to initiate and advance the neuropathology. Fundamental to the communication between such systems is the protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a multifaceted protein critically linked to the etiology of MDD and an emerging target to treat pathogenic inflammation. Here, a consolidated overview of the widespread multi-system involvement of GSK-3 in contributing to the neuropathology of MDD will be discussed, with the feed-forward mechanistic links between all major neuronal signaling pathways highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T. McCallum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Melissa L. Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
- Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 52013)
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El Bitar F, Al Sudairy N, Qadi N, Al Rajeh S, Alghamdi F, Al Amari H, Al Dawsari G, Alsubaie S, Al Sudairi M, Abdulaziz S, Al Tassan N. A Comprehensive Analysis of Unique and Recurrent Copy Number Variations in Alzheimer's Disease and its Related Disorders. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:926-938. [PMID: 33256577 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666201130111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy number variations (CNVs) play an important role in the genetic etiology of various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and major depressive disorder (MDD) were shown to have share mechanisms and signaling pathways with AD. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess CNVs regions that may harbor genes contributing to AD, T2DM, and MDD in 67 Saudi familial and sporadic AD patients, with no alterations in the known genes of AD and genotyped previously for APOE. METHODS DNA was analyzed using the CytoScan-HD array. Two layers of filtering criteria were applied. All the identified CNVs were checked in the Database of Genomic Variants (DGV). RESULTS A total of 1086 CNVs (565 gains and 521 losses) were identified in our study. We found 73 CNVs harboring genes that may be associated with AD, T2DM or MDD. Nineteen CNVs were novel. Most importantly, 42 CNVs were unique in our studied cohort existing only in one patient. Two large gains on chromosomes 1 and 13 harbored genes implicated in the studied disorders. We identified CNVs in genes that encode proteins involved in the metabolism of amyloid-β peptide (AGRN, APBA2, CR1, CR2, IGF2R, KIAA0125, MBP, RER1, RTN4R, VDR and WISPI) or Tau proteins (CACNAIC, CELF2, DUSP22, HTRA1 and SLC2A14). CONCLUSION The present work provided information on the presence of CNVs related to AD, T2DM, and MDD in Saudi Alzheimer's patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia El Bitar
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Al Sudairy
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najeeb Qadi
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fatimah Alghamdi
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Research, National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Al Amari
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Research, National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer Al Dawsari
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Research, National Center for Genomics Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Alsubaie
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mishael Al Sudairi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Abdulaziz
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Al Tassan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Xue Z, Gao Y, Wu X. Anti-Relapse effects of donor natural killer cells and IL-2 gene modification on allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in acute leukemia. Cancer Biomark 2020; 29:207-219. [PMID: 32568180 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-191296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with acute leukemia (AL) refractory to induction or reinduction chemotherapy show poor prognoses if they do not undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (AHSCT). The present study aims to investigate whether donor natural killer (NK) cells and interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene modification exert anti-relapse effects on AHSCT after establishing a mouse model of AL. METHODS C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice were selected as donor mice to obtain NK cells and hematopoietic stem cells, while BALB/c (H-2d) mice were selected as the recipient mice for AHSCT. The AHSCT-treated mice were then injected with the donor NK cells, recombinant adenovirus expressing IL-2 (AdIL-2), or the NK cells infected by AdIL-2. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the cell transplantation rate, immune cell number, and cell immunogenicity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to quantify the secretion of IL-2 in spleen cells, and the level of peripheral blood factors, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-35, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and IL-10. RESULTS In our experiments, promotional effects of NK cells and AdIL-2 were found on cell transplantation rate, immune reconstitution ability, cell immunogenicity, IL-2 secretion, as well as increased peripheral blood factor levels in the recipient mice treated with AHSCT, with improved pathological changes observed. Moreover, the aforementioned changes were further promoted in the AHSCT-treated recipient mice injected with the AdIL-2-infected NK cells. CONCLUSIONS These results uncover that the donor NK cells and IL-2 gene modification could inhibit the relapse of AL mice underwent AHSCT, hereby providing a new target for leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxia Xue
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Yongshan Gao
- Department of Thoraco-Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Xueliang Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
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19
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Wang X, Zhang H, Cao X, Shi W, Zhou X, Chen Q, Ma K. Gene-disease association study of tumor necrosis factor-α G-308A gene polymorphism with risk of major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01628. [PMID: 32307924 PMCID: PMC7303370 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) G-308A gene is the most studied regarding susceptibility to major depressive disorder (MDD). However, results have been controversial perhaps due to the heterogeneous genetic backgrounds influenced by race as well as subtypes of depression. METHODS AND MATERIALS A systematic MEDLINE search was performed to retrieve all published studies that identified the connection between the TNF-α G-308A gene polymorphism and the risk of MDD. RESULTS There was no statistical difference between the allele frequencies or genotypes of TNF-α G-308A gene and the depressive patients or healthy subjects in the five models tested. Further, subgroup analyses showed that the TNF-α G-308A gene polymorphism also did not confer susceptibility to poststroke, late-life, maternal, or major depression. Publication bias analysis showed p values were more than .05, suggesting that the 9 articles included in the current analysis had no publication bias. CONCLUSION Neither the allele frequencies nor genotypes of TNF-α G-308A gene could be served as an independent risk factor of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Hongxiu Zhang
- Institute of Virology, Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xianling Cao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Ke Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, PR China
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20
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Wang H, Tong Y, Xiao D, Xia B. Involvement of mTOR-related signaling in antidepressant effects of Sophoraflavanone G on chronically stressed mice. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2246-2257. [PMID: 32246575 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SophoraflavanoneG (SG), an important prenylated flavonoid isolated from Sophoraalopecuroides.L, is effective for many illnesses. The present study was designed to investigate whether the compound could reverse depressive-like symptoms and investigate its possible mechanisms. Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) mice were treated with fluoxetine and SG. The immobility time in forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were recorded. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotransmitters in the hippocampus were evaluated. Furthermore, the protein expressions of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, p70S6K, BDNF, and Trkb in hippocampus were detected. Rapamycin, the selective mTOR inhibitor, was used to estimate the potential mechanism. As a result, after 7 days of SG treatment, the immobility time in FST and TST was declined obviously. The levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the hippocampus were significantly reduced, and the quantity of 5-HT and NE was raised considerably in SG-treated group compared with the CUMS-exposed group. Additionally, SG could up-regulate the expressions of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, 70S6K, BDNF, and Trkb. The blockade of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling blunted the antidepressant effect and reversed the up-regulation of BDNF expression caused by SG. These findings suggested that SG treatment alleviated depressive-like symptoms via mTOR-mediated BDNF/Trkb signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yue Tong
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Baomei Xia
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, China
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21
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Petralia MC, Mazzon E, Fagone P, Basile MS, Lenzo V, Quattropani MC, Di Nuovo S, Bendtzen K, Nicoletti F. The cytokine network in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder. Close to translation? Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102504. [PMID: 32173514 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common condition that afflicts the general population across a broad spectrum of ages and social backgrounds. MDD has been identified by the World Health Organization as a leading cause of disability worldwide. Approximately 30% of patients are poor responsive to standard of care (SOC) treatment and novel therapeutic approaches are warranted. Since chronic inflammation, as it is often observed in certain cancers, type 2 diabetes, psoriasis and chronic arthritis, are accompanied by depression, it has been suggested that immunoinflammatory processes may be involved in the pathogenesis of MDD. Cytokines are a group of glycoproteins secreted from lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells that orchestrate immune responses. It has been suggested that a dysregulated production of cytokines may be implicated in the pathogenesis and maintenance of MDD. On the basis of their functions, cytokines can be subdivided in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Since abnormal blood and cerebrospinal fluid of both pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines are altered in MDD, it has been suggested that abnormal cytokine homeostasis may be implicated in the pathogenesis of MDD and possibly to induction of therapeutic resistance. We review current data that indicate that cytokines may represent a useful tool to identify MDD patients that may benefit from tailored immunotherapeutic approaches and may represent a potential tailored therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia Basile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lenzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Santo Di Nuovo
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Bialek K, Czarny P, Watala C, Wigner P, Talarowska M, Galecki P, Szemraj J, Sliwinski T. Novel association between TGFA, TGFB1, IRF1, PTGS2 and IKBKB single-nucleotide polymorphisms and occurrence, severity and treatment response of major depressive disorder. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8676. [PMID: 32140313 PMCID: PMC7047865 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of the immune system might affect the severity of depressive episodes as well as response to the antidepressant treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the occurrence of variant alleles of analyzed SNPs are involved in prevalence and progression of depression. Moreover, selected genes and SNPs have not been investigated in context of the disease severity and treatment. Therefore, six polymorphisms were selected: g.41354391A>G-TGFB1 (rs1800469), g.132484229C>A-IRF (rs2070729), g.186643058A>G-PTGS2 (rs5275), g.186640617C>T-PTGS2 (rs4648308), g.70677994G>A-TGFA (rs2166975) and g.42140549G>T-IKBKB (rs5029748). Methods A total of 360 (180 patients and 180 controls) DNA samples were genotyped using TaqMan probes. Results We observed that A/G of the rs2166975 TGFA, A/C of rs2070729 IRF1 and G/T of rs5029748 IKBKB were associated with an increased risk of depression development while the T/T of rs5029748 IKBKB, T/T of rs4648308 PTGS2 and G/G of rs2166975 TGFA reduced this risk. We also stratified the study group according to gender and found that genotype A/G and allele G of the rs2166975 TGFA, G/T of rs5029748 IKBKB as well as C allele of rs4648308 PTGS2, homozygote A/A and allele A of rs5275 PTGS2 were associated with increased risk of depression development in men while homozygote G/G of rs5275 PTGS2 decreased this risk. Moreover, C/T of rs4648308 PTGS2 and A/G of rs5275 PTGS2 was positively correlated with the risk of the disease occurrence in women. Furthermore, a gene-gene analysis revealed a link between studied polymorphisms and depression. In addition, A/A of rs1800469 TGFB1 was associated with earlier age of onset of the disease while G/G of this SNP increased severity of the depressive episode. Interestingly, A/C of rs2070729 IRF1 and T/T of rs5029748 IKBKB may modulate the effectiveness of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors therapy. In conclusion, studied SNPs may modulate the risk of occurrence, age of onset, severity of the disease and response to the antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bialek
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Watala
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Wigner
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Talarowska
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Personality and Individual Differences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Galecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Effect of the interleukin 10 polymorphisms on interleukin 10 production and visceral hypersensitivity in Chinese patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 132:1524-1532. [PMID: 31205078 PMCID: PMC6616227 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a functional gastrointestinal disorder, is characterized by cytokine imbalance. Previously, decreased plasma interleukin 10 (IL-10) level was reported in patients with IBS, which may be due to genetic polymorphisms. However, there are no reports correlating the IL-10 polymorphisms with IL-10 production in patients with IBS. This study aimed to analyze the effect of IL-10 polymorphisms on IL-10 production and its correlation with the clinical symptoms in Chinese patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D). Methods: Two IL-10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1800871 and rs1800896) were detected in 120 patients with IBS-D and 144 healthy controls (HC) using SNaPshot. IBS symptom severity score, Bristol scale, hospital anxiety, and depressive scale (HADS) were used to evaluate the clinical symptoms, as well as the psychological status and visceral sensitivity of the subjects. IL-10 levels in the plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while those in ileal and colonic mucosal biopsies were measured using immunohistochemistry. Results: The frequency of rs1800896 C allele was significantly lower in the patients with IBS-D than that in the HC (odds ratio: 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.27–0.92, P = 0.0240). The IL-10 levels in the plasma (P = 0.0030) and PBMC culture supernatant (P = 0.0500) of the CT genotype subjects were significantly higher than those in the TT genotype subjects. The CT genotype subjects exhibited a higher pain threshold in the rectal distention test than the TT genotype subjects. Moreover, IL-10 rs1800871 GG genotype subjects showed an increase in the HADS score compared to other genotype subjects. Conclusions: IL-10 rs1800896 C allele is correlated with higher IL-10 levels in the plasma and the PBMC culture supernatant, which is associated with a higher pain threshold in the Chinese patients with IBS-D. This study provides an explicit relationship of IL-10 polymorphisms with IL-10 production, which might help in understanding the pathogenesis of IBS-D.
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Draganov M, Arranz MJ, Salazar J, de Diego-Adeliño J, Gallego-Fabrega C, Jubero M, Carceller-Sindreu M, Portella MJ. Association study of polymorphisms within inflammatory genes and methylation status in treatment response in major depression. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 60:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Although pharmacogenetics for major depressive disorder (MDD) is gaining momentum, the role of genetics in differences in response to antidepressant treatment is controversial, as they depend on multifactorial and polygenic phenotypes. Previous studies focused on the genes of the serotonergic system, leaving apart other pathological factors such as the inflammatory pathway. The main objective of the study was to assess whether treatment response might be associated with specific inflammation-related genetic variants or their methylation status.Methods:41 SNPs in 8 inflammatory genes: interleukin (IL) 1-β, IL2, IL6, IL6R, IL10, IL18, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ were genotyped in 153 patients with MDD, who were evaluated with the Mausdley Staging Method to determine treatment response profiles. Pyrosequencing reactions and methylation quantification were performed in a PyroMark Q24 in 5 selected CpG islands of IL1- β, IL6 and IL6R. Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted, including age and gender as covariates using PLINK 1.07.Results:Allelic distribution of IL1- β rs1143643 was significantly associated with MSM scores (FDR corrected p = 0.04). Allelic distribution of IL6R rs57569414 showed a trend towards significance with MSM scores (p = 0.002; FDR corrected p = 0.07). Haplotype analyses showed associations between allelic combinations of IL1-β and IL10 with treatment response (FDR corrected p < 0.01). Methylation percentage of treatment responders was only higher in an IL6R CpG island (p < 0.05).Conclusions:These exploratory findings suggest that IL1-β and, marginally, IL6R polymorphisms may affect treatment response in major depression. If confirmed, these results may account for the heterogeneous phenotypes of major depression that underlie differences in treatment response.
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Neuroimmune Advance in Depressive Disorder. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1180:85-98. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9271-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wang YF, Zheng LJ, Liu Y, Ye YB, Luo S, Lu GM, Gong D, Zhang LJ. The gut microbiota-inflammation-brain axis in end-stage renal disease: perspectives from default mode network. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:8171-8181. [PMID: 31754388 PMCID: PMC6857049 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is attracting more and more attention. However, the mechanism of gut-brain axis based cognitive disorders in ESRD patients remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the linkages between the gut microbiota, inflammatory cytokines, brain default mode network (DMN) and cognitive function in ESRD patients. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 28 ESRD patients (13 males and 15 females, mean age of 44 ± 14 years) and 19 healthy controls (HCs) (12 males and 7 females, mean age of 44 ± 10 years). All subjects underwent stool microbiota analysis, blood inflammatory cytokines examination, brain MRI scans and cognitive assessments. Resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data were used to construct DMN and graph theory was applied to characterize network topological properties. Two samples t-test was applied for the comparisons between ESRD and HCs. Correlation analysis and mediation analysis were conducted among factors with significant group differences. Results: ESRD patients displayed gut microbiota alterations, increased systemic inflammation and worse cognitive performance compared to HCs (all p < 0.05). Graph analysis revealed disrupted DMN topological organization, aberrant nodal centralities and functional connectivities (FCs) in ESRD patients relative to HCs (all p < 0.05, FDR corrected). Significant correlations were found between gut microbiota, inflammatory cytokines, DMN network measures and cognitive assessments. Mediation analysis found that gut microbiota alteration impaired DMN connectivity by increasing systemic inflammation. Conclusion: The present study first revealed gut microbiota alterations, systemic inflammation, DMN dissociation and cognitive dysfunction in ESRD patients simultaneously and further illuminated their inner relationship.
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Quaresma JAS. Organization of the Skin Immune System and Compartmentalized Immune Responses in Infectious Diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 32:e00034-18. [PMID: 31366611 PMCID: PMC6750136 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00034-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is an organ harboring several types of immune cells that participate in innate and adaptive immune responses. The immune system of the skin comprises both skin cells and professional immune cells that together constitute what is designated skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT). In this review, I extensively discuss the organization of SALT and the mechanisms involved in its responses to infectious diseases of the skin and mucosa. The nature of these SALT responses, and the cellular mediators involved, often determines the clinical course of such infections. I list and describe the components of innate immunity, such as the roles of the keratinocyte barrier and of inflammatory and natural killer cells. I also examine the mechanisms involved in adaptive immune responses, with emphasis on new cytokine profiles, and the role of cell death phenomena in host-pathogen interactions and control of the immune responses to infectious agents. Finally, I highlight the importance of studying SALT in order to better understand host-pathogen relationships involving the skin and detail future directions in the immunological investigation of this organ, especially in light of recent findings regarding the skin immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juarez Antonio Simões Quaresma
- Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- School of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Cunha LRD, Vieira DA, Giampietro YG, Gomes AD, Lopes de Faria CL, Freire de Melo F, Teixeira R, Teixeira de Carvalho A, Oliveira LM, Filho OAM, Rocha GA, Maria de Magalhães Queiroz D, Neves FS, Silva LD. Interleukin-10 promoter gene polymorphisms are associated with the first major depressive episode in chronic hepatitis C patients. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2019; 43:417-426. [PMID: 30591371 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the association of IL10 SNPs in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with and without the first major depressive episode (MDE), as well as their association with plasma levels of target cytokines. METHODS A hundred and thirty two CHC patients (32 with and 100 without first MDE) and 98 controls were prospectively enrolled in this cross-sectional study. MDE was diagnosed by a psychiatrist, using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus 5.0. IL10 polymorphisms (-1082 G/A, -819C/T and -592C/A IL10 SNPs) were evaluated by Taqman SNP genotyping assay. Plasma concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α were determined using the Human Th1/Th2 Cytometric Bead Array kit. The associations were investigated by logistic models. RESULTS The frequencies of the studied IL10 SNPs did not differ between the CHC patients and controls. The first MDE was positive and independently associated with the IL10-1082*A, IL10-819*T and IL10-592*A (ATA) low producer haplotype (OR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.11-2.04; P = 0.009) and current alcohol misuse (OR = 4.29; 95% CI = 1.22-15.05; P = 0.02), and inversely associated with increasing age (OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.91-0.98; P = 0.006). In addition, plasma level of TNF-α was significantly higher in the carriers than in the non-carriers of the IL10 ATA haplotype in patients with the first MDE. The IL-10 and IL-2 plasma levels were significantly higher in the carriers than in non-carriers of the IL10 GCC high producer haplotype, demonstrating the functionality of the studied IL10 polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate that the IL10 low producer ATA haplotype is associated with the first MDE in patients with CHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Rodrigues da Cunha
- Outpatient Clinic of Viral Hepatitis, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Neurosciences Post-Graduate Programme, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves Vieira
- Outpatient Clinic of Viral Hepatitis, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yala Gramigna Giampietro
- Outpatient Clinic of Viral Hepatitis, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriana Dias Gomes
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - César Lúcio Lopes de Faria
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Teixeira
- Outpatient Clinic of Viral Hepatitis, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andrea Teixeira de Carvalho
- Diagnoses and Monitoring Biomarkers Laboratory, Instituto René-Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana Maria Oliveira
- Diagnoses and Monitoring Biomarkers Laboratory, Instituto René-Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins Filho
- Diagnoses and Monitoring Biomarkers Laboratory, Instituto René-Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gifone Aguiar Rocha
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Silva Neves
- Neurosciences Post-Graduate Programme, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Mental Health, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana Diniz Silva
- Outpatient Clinic of Viral Hepatitis, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Wang M, Guo J, Dong LN, Wang JP. Cerebellar Fastigial Nucleus Stimulation in a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Rat Model Reduces Post-Stroke Depression by Suppressing Brain Inflammation via the microRNA-29c/TNFRSF1A Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:5594-5605. [PMID: 31352465 PMCID: PMC6683727 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported that cerebellar fastigial nucleus stimulation reduced post-stroke depression in a rat model by reducing inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the molecular inflammatory signaling pathways associated with cerebellar fastigial nucleus stimulation in an established rat model of post-stroke depression. Material/Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats included a sham group (N=6), an untreated stroke group (N=6), an untreated post-stroke depression model group (PSD) (N=6), and the model group treated with cerebellar fastigial nucleus stimulation (FNS) (N=6). The rat stroke model involved occlusion of the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Post-stroke depression model was established using chronic unpredictable mild stress treatment and was verified using an open field test. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot compared expression levels of microRNA-29c (miR-29c), miR-676, TNFRSF1A, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in cerebellar tissue. U251 human glioblastoma cells and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were studied in vitro. Results Cerebellar fastigial nucleus stimulation reduced behaviors associated with depression in the rat model, upregulated the expression of miR-29c, and reduced the expression of TNFRSF1A and inflammatory cytokines, and mildly reduced neuronal apoptosis. Bioinformatics data analysis identified a regulatory relationship between miR-29c and TNFRSF1A. SH-SY5Y cells treated with a miR-29c mimic, or TNFRSF1A short interfering RNA (siRNA), identified a negative regulatory relationship between TNFRSF1A and miR-29c. Conclusions In a rat model, cerebellar fastigial nucleus stimulation reduced the expression of TNFRSF1A by upregulating miR-29c expression, which suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines, resulting in reduced severity of post-stroke depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial Peoples' Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Provincial Peoples' Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Li-Na Dong
- Central Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial Peoples' Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jun-Ping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Provincial Peoples' Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
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Zhao F, Yue Y, Jiang H, Yuan Y. Shared genetic risk factors for depression and stroke. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 93:55-70. [PMID: 30898617 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comorbidity of major depressive disorder (MDD) and stroke are common in clinic. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting a bi-directional relationship between stroke and depression. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between MDD and stroke are poorly investigated. Considering that both MDD and stroke can be heritable and are influenced by multiple risk genes, shared genetic risk factors between MDD and stroke may exist. OBJECTIVE The objective is to review the existing evidence for common genetic risk factors for both MDD and stroke and to outline the possible pathophysiological mechanisms mediating this association. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Gene association studies regarding stroke and depression were searched in the database PubMed, CNKI, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database before December 2018. Statistical analysis was performed using the software Revman 5.3. RESULTS Genetic polymorphisms of 4 genes, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) have been demonstrated to associate with the increased risk for both MDD and stroke, while the association between identified polymorphisms in angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and serum paraoxonase (PON1) with depression is still under debate, for the existing studies are insufficient in sample size. These results suggest the possible pathophysiological mechanisms that are common to these two disorders, including immune-inflammatory imbalance, increased oxidative and nitrative stress, dysregulation of lipoprotein and lipid metabolism, and changes of cerebrovascular morphology and function. Other associated genes with few or conflicting results have also been included, and a few studies have investigated the effects of the described polymorphisms on MDD and stroke comorbidity, such as post stroke depression. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that shared genetic pathways may contribute to the comorbidity of MDD and stroke. Studies to evaluate the shared genetic variations between MDD and stroke may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that trigger disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuying Zhao
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medical, Institute of Psychosomatics, Southeast University, China
| | - Yingying Yue
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medical, Institute of Psychosomatics, Southeast University, China
| | - Haitang Jiang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medical, Institute of Psychosomatics, Southeast University, China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medical, Institute of Psychosomatics, Southeast University, China.
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Liu YW, Zhao L, Zhou M, Wang H, Yang N, Dai SS. Transplantation with mGluR5 deficiency bone marrow displays antidepressant-like effect in C57BL/6J mice. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 79:114-124. [PMID: 30682501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antidepressant-like effects of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) have been verified by specific antagonists or whole body knock-out (KO) mice. Previous experiments indicate that blocking mGluR5 exerts antidepressant-like effects through neuronal mechanisms, like modulating NMDA receptor activity or 5-HT system. Here we found that transplanting bone marrow from mGluR5 KO mice to WT mice could also show antidepressant-like effects, which were confirmed by sucrose preference test and tail suspension test. Furthermore, mGluR5 deficiency dramatically inhibits cytokines release from bone marrow cells, such as IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6, alleviating proinflammatory responses in LPS-induced depression model. In addition, inhibited cytokines could decrease the activation of brain endothelial cells in ERK-dependent manner. These data provide the evidence that blocking mGluR5 could improve depression through inhibiting peripheral immune responses, confirming the causal relationship between peripheral immune phenotype and brain behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Wuyue Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Nan Yang
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China; Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China.
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Masih J, Belschak F, Verbeke JMIW. Mood configurations and their relationship to immune system responses: Exploring the relationship between moods, immune system responses, thyroid hormones, and social support. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216232. [PMID: 31150403 PMCID: PMC6544341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyzing data on 2,057 healthy subjects in the Dutch Lifelines database we explore the relationship between immune system responses, thyroid hormone functioning and people's mood that is expected to be moderated by social support. We focus (1) on the innate immune system cell count: monocytes, eosinophil granulocytes, basophilic granulocytes, neutrophil granulocytes; and thrombocytes; and (2) on the adaptive immune system cell count: lymphocytes (T, B and NK cells). Moods were measured on the positive (PA) and negative (NA) dimensions of the PANAS scale, divided in four groups based on their PA and NA median scores: hedonic, positive mood, negative mood and anhedonic. We focus further on (3) thyroid cells: T3 and T4; and (4) on social support. We found significant differences between mood groups and mean cell counts for basophilic granulocytes and thrombocytes but not for monocytes, eosinophil granulocytes and neutrophil granulocytes in the innate immune system. However, in the adaptive immune system we found mean lymphocyte cell counts to be different in all four mood groups. We also found that T3 and T4 levels differ significantly across all mood groups and work in very close association with lymphocytes to activate the adaptive immune system. These differences were most significant in the hedonic and anhedonic groups. The findings allow us to better understand mood groups, especially the hedonic and anhedonic groups, and open up new avenues for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolly Masih
- Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Belschak
- School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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McQuaid RJ, Gabrys RL, McInnis OA, Anisman H, Matheson K. Understanding the Relation Between Early-Life Adversity and Depression Symptoms: The Moderating Role of Sex and an Interleukin-1β Gene Variant. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:151. [PMID: 30967802 PMCID: PMC6438954 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), are thought to play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of depression within a subset of individuals. However, the involvement of IL-1β has not been as consistently linked to depression, possibly owing to difficulties in detecting this cytokine in blood samples or that changes in circulating levels might only be apparent in a subgroup of patients who have experienced early-life adversity. From this perspective, the association between early-life adversity and depressive illness might depend on genetic variants regulating IL-1β activity. Considering the inflammatory-depression link, and that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared to men, the current study (N = 475 university students) examined the moderating role of three independent cytokine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; IL-1β rs16944, IL-6 rs1800795 SNP, TNF-α rs1800629) in the relationship between early-life adversity and depressive symptoms, and whether these relations differed between males and females. The relation between childhood adversity and depressive symptoms was moderated by the IL-1β SNP, and further varied according to sex. Specifically, among females, higher childhood maltreatment was accompanied by elevated depressive symptoms irrespective of the IL-1β SNP, but among males, this relationship was particularly pronounced for those carrying the GG genotype of the IL-1β SNP. These findings suggest that, in the context of early life adversity, genetic variations of IL-1β functioning are related to depressive symptomatology and this may vary among males and females. The present study also, more broadly, highlights the importance of considering the confluence of experiential factors (e.g., early life adversity) and personal characteristics (e.g., sex and genetics) in understanding depressive disorders, an approach increasingly recognized in developing personalized treatment approaches to this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J. McQuaid
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Robert L. Gabrys
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Opal A. McInnis
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hymie Anisman
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kimberly Matheson
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Lang Y, Zhang J, Yuan Z. Construction and dissection of the ceRNA‑ceRNA network reveals critical modules in depression. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3411-3420. [PMID: 30864711 PMCID: PMC6471059 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of mental health disorders such as depression is high. Depression is a multifactorial disorder and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulation has been reported to serve important roles in human disease. In the present study, ceRNA networks for depression and the corresponding normal physiological states were constructed. Further analysis of the ceRNA networks revealed that ceRNA regulation may be important for depression. Hub ceRNAs including high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 3, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1β and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor-α were associated with depression. A common core ceRNA network was identified by comparison analysis. Functional analysis suggested that these ceRNAs may be implicated in depression. Differential expression analysis revealed that ceRNAs in the obtained ceRNA interaction networks were significantly enriched with significantly differentially expressed genes. A total of 8 key functional modules for depression were identified, and small target molecules were screened. ceRNA protocadherin-α subfamily C2 in module 1 and ceRNA Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 in module 3 were reported to be implicated in the occurrence and development of depressive disorders. Thus, the present analysis may provide insight into the pathogenesis of depression and improve its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Jingchao Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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Liu P, Zhu L, Zou G, Ke H. Matrine Suppresses Pancreatic Fibrosis by Regulating TGF-β/Smad Signaling in Rats. Yonsei Med J 2019; 60:79-87. [PMID: 30554494 PMCID: PMC6298897 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2019.60.1.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the anti-pancreatic fibrosis effects of matrine in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid was administrated to rats to establish a pancreatic fibrosis model. Rats were divided into four groups: Control, Sham, Model, and Matrine (n=8). Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson staining, and Azan staining were performed to evaluate pancreatic fibrosis. Expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen I in pancreatic tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β receptor 1 (TβR1), TβR2, and Smad2 in pancreatic tissues were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS In the model group, hyperplasia of glandules around the glandular ducts, mitochondrial swelling of acinous cells, and severe fibrosis were found. Interestingly, in the Matrine group, mitochondrial swelling was only found in a small number of acinous cells, and the fundamental structures of pancreatic tissues were intact. Moreover, pancreatic fibrosis was markedly alleviated. Comparing to the Sham group, expression of α-SMA, TGF-β1, and collagen I was sharply elevated in the Model group (p<0.05); however, their expressions were much lower in the Matrine group, compared to the Model group (p<0.05). Compared with the Sham group, mRNA and protein levels of Smad2, TβR1, and TβR2 in the Model group were notably raised (p<0.05). However, their high expression was significantly downregulated in the Matrine group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Matrine suppressed pancreatic fibrosis by regulating TGF-β/Smad signaling in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Luhong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guohui Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chinese People's Liberation Army No.171 Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huajing Ke
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Xia QR, Liang J, Cao Y, Shan F, Liu Y, Xu YY. Increased plasma nesfatin-1 levels may be associated with corticosterone, IL-6, and CRP levels in patients with major depressive disorder. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 480:107-111. [PMID: 29427582 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the plasma nesfatin-1, corticosterone, and inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α) concentrations cross-sectionally in patients with major depressive disorder. METHODS Subjects in the patient group were randomly selected from the Anhui Mental Health Center, and subjects in the control group were selected from healthy volunteers. Healthy control subjects were matched in terms of weight and body mass index. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) was used to evaluate both groups. ELISAs were used for the measurement of plasma nesfatin-1, corticosterone, IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α levels. RESULTS The HAM-D scores and average nesfatin-1, corticosterone, IL-6, and CRP levels were significantly higher in patients with major depressive disorder than those in the control group. Positive correlation was found between nesfatin-1 and corticosterone (r = 0.305, P = 0.007), IL-6 (r = 0.333, P = 0.003), and CRP (r = 0.244, P = 0.034) concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Increased plasma nesfatin-1 levels may be associated with corticosterone, IL-6, and CRP levels in patients with major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Rong Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Feng Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ya-Yun Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230032, China.
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Lezheiko TV, Andryushchenko AV, Korovaitseva GI, Kondratiev NV, Gabaeva MV, Krikova EV, Golimbet VE. A study on the association of genes for pro-inflammatory cytokines and depression. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018; 118:89-93. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20181183189-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Kashima R, Hata A. The role of TGF-β superfamily signaling in neurological disorders. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:106-120. [PMID: 29190314 PMCID: PMC5846707 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β superfamily signaling is involved in a variety of biological processes during embryogenesis and in adult tissue homeostasis. Faulty regulation of the signaling pathway that transduces the TGF-β superfamily signals accordingly leads to a number of ailments, such as cancer and cardiovascular, metabolic, urinary, intestinal, skeletal, and immune diseases. In recent years, a number of studies have elucidated the essential roles of TGF-βs and BMPs during neuronal development in the maintenance of appropriate innervation and neuronal activity. The new advancement implicates significant roles of the aberrant TGF-β superfamily signaling in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. In this review, we compile a number of reports implicating the deregulation of TGF-β/BMP signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders in animal models and patients. We apologize in advance that the review falls short of providing details of the role of TGF-β/BMP signaling or mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. The goal of this article is to reveal a gap in our knowledge regarding the association between TGF-β/BMP signaling pathways and neuronal tissue homeostasis and development and facilitate the research with a potential to develop new therapies for neurological ailments by modulating the pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Kashima
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Akiko Hata
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Diurnal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Measures and Inflammatory Marker Correlates in Major Depressive Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102226. [PMID: 29064428 PMCID: PMC5666905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and inflammatory systems is a consistent finding in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Cortisol is often assessed by measurement of the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and/or diurnal cortisol levels. Some methods of cortisol measurement overestimate cortisol concentration due to detection of other glucocorticoids including the relatively inert cortisone, therefore this study aimed to assess the presence of both cortisol and cortisone, and the cortisol-cortisone catalyzing enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), in depressed patients and controls. Because the HPA axis is known to regulate the body’s immune system, relationships between measures of cytokines and cortisol were also assessed. Saliva samples were collected from 57 MDD patients and 40 healthy controls at five post-wakening time points (0, +30, +60, +720 and +750 min). Glucocorticoid concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Whole blood mRNA expression of several inflammatory markers was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. This study replicated the common finding of elevated morning cortisol and reduced CAR reactivity in MDD and found no differences in cortisone or 11β-HSD1 mRNA measures. There was a negative association between interleukin 1-β (IL-1β) mRNA and morning cortisol reactivity within the depressed group, indicating that dysregulation of the HPA axis and immune system may be interconnected.
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Tombácz D, Maróti Z, Kalmár T, Csabai Z, Balázs Z, Takahashi S, Palkovits M, Snyder M, Boldogkői Z. High-Coverage Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Candidate Genes for Suicide in Victims with Major Depressive Disorder. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7106. [PMID: 28769055 PMCID: PMC5541090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We carried out whole-exome ultra-high throughput sequencing in brain samples of suicide victims who had suffered from major depressive disorder and control subjects who had died from other causes. This study aimed to reveal the selective accumulation of rare variants in the coding and the UTR sequences within the genes of suicide victims. We also analysed the potential effect of STR and CNV variations, as well as the infection of the brain with neurovirulent viruses in this behavioural disorder. As a result, we have identified several candidate genes, among others three calcium channel genes that may potentially contribute to completed suicide. We also explored the potential implication of the TGF-β signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of suicidal behaviour. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that uses whole-exome sequencing for the investigation of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Tombácz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA, 94305-5120, USA
| | - Zoltán Maróti
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 14-15., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kalmár
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 14-15., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Csabai
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Balázs
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Shinichi Takahashi
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA, 94305-5120, USA
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Neuromorphological and Neuroendocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Üllői u. 26., H-1085, Hungary
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA, 94305-5120, USA.
| | - Zsolt Boldogkői
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary.
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Shin KH, Jeong HC, Choi DH, Kim SN, Kim TE. Association of TNF-alpha G-308A gene polymorphism with depression: a meta-analysis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:2661-2668. [PMID: 29118582 PMCID: PMC5659227 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s143434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many studies have investigated the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in TNF-α G-308A gene with depression, their association is still controversial. To clarify this, we performed a meta-analysis. METHOD Studies related to TNF-α G-308A and depression were retrieved from PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Scopus (up to April 18, 2017). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated in the models of allele comparison (G vs A), homozygote comparison (GG vs AA), dominant (GG vs GA + AA), and recessive (GG + GA vs AA) to estimate the strength of the associations. RESULTS A total of 10 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, no significant association between TNF-α G-308A and depression was found (G vs A: OR [95% CI] =1.09 [0.92, 1.29]; GG vs AA: 1.24 [0.71, 2.15]; GG vs GA + AA: 1.01 [0.76, 1.35]; GG + GA vs AA: 1.22 [0.70, 2.13]). In subgroup analyses by ethnicity or age group, no statistically significant association between TNF-α G-308A polymorphisms and depression was shown. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis revealed that TNF-α G-308A polymorphism is not associated with susceptibility to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hee Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu
| | - Hyeon Cheol Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu
| | - Dong-Hee Choi
- Department of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine
| | | | - Tae-Eun Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Oxidative stress: a potential link between emotional wellbeing and immune response. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 29:70-6. [PMID: 27400336 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Emotional wellbeing is central to normal health and good living. Persistent psychological stress often disrupts emotional wellbeing and triggers onset of neuropsychiatric ailments. An integrated, multisystemic stress response involving neuroinflammatory, neuroendocrine and metabolic cascades seem to have some causative links. Of particular interest are the neuroinflammatory processes. Psychological stress has been suggested to negatively affect normal functioning of the immune system contributing to the pathophysiology of some neuropsychiatric conditions. Thus examination of the interaction between the immune system and the central nervous system is likely to reveal molecular targets critical for development of potential therapeutic and preventive measures. This review is a summarized discussion of evidence linking impact of psychological stress on the immune system, with a particular emphasis on oxidative stress mechanisms by which mental stress potentially impacts immune function leading to activation of multiple cascades resulting in subsequent manifestation of psychiatric symptomologies.
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