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Wang P, Jin L, Zhang M, Wu Y, Duan Z, Guo Y, Wang C, Guo Y, Chen W, Liao Z, Wang Y, Lai R, Lee LP, Qin J. Blood-brain barrier injury and neuroinflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 in a lung-brain microphysiological system. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:1053-1068. [PMID: 37349391 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01054-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
In some patients, COVID-19 can trigger neurological symptoms with unclear pathogenesis. Here we describe a microphysiological system integrating alveolus and blood-brain barrier (BBB) tissue chips that recapitulates neuropathogenesis associated with infection by SARS-CoV-2. Direct exposure of the BBB chip to SARS-CoV-2 caused mild changes to the BBB, and infusion of medium from the infected alveolus chip led to more severe injuries on the BBB chip, including endothelial dysfunction, pericyte detachment and neuroinflammation. Transcriptomic analyses indicated downregulated expression of the actin cytoskeleton in brain endothelium and upregulated expression of inflammatory genes in glial cells. We also observed early cerebral microvascular damage following lung infection with a low viral load in the brains of transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Our findings suggest that systemic inflammation is probably contributing to neuropathogenesis following SARS-CoV-2 infection, and that direct viral neural invasion might not be a prerequisite for this neuropathogenesis. Lung-brain microphysiological systems should aid the further understanding of the systemic effects and neurological complications of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences-Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsong Wu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zilei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences-Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yaqiong Guo
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Chaoming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences-Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yingqi Guo
- Core Technology Facility of Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Zhiyi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences-Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences-Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
| | - Luke P Lee
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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2
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Sicard M, Shor N, Davy V, Rouby JJ, Oquendo B, Maisonobe T, Puybasset L, Lehericy S, Lecarpentier A, Donadio C, Oasi C, Belmin J, Lubetzki C, Corvol JC, Grabli D, Saracino D. Cerebellar encephalitis and peripheral neuropathy with an atypical clinical and neuroimaging signature following Covid-19 vaccine: a report of two cases. J Neurol 2024; 271:4680-4684. [PMID: 38704487 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Marin Sicard
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Charles-Foix, Service de Gériatrie à Orientation Cardiologique et Neurologique, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Natalia Shor
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Neuroradiology, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Davy
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Neurology, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Rouby
- Sorbonne Université, GRC 29, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Oquendo
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Charles-Foix, Service de Gériatrie à Orientation Cardiologique et Neurologique, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Thierry Maisonobe
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Neurology, Paris, France
| | - Louis Puybasset
- Sorbonne Université, GRC 29, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Lehericy
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Neuroradiology, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Lecarpentier
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Charles-Foix, Service de Gériatrie à Orientation Cardiologique et Neurologique, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Cristiano Donadio
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Charles-Foix, Service de Gériatrie à Orientation Cardiologique et Neurologique, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Christel Oasi
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Charles-Foix, Service de Gériatrie à Orientation Cardiologique et Neurologique, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Joël Belmin
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Charles-Foix, Service de Gériatrie à Orientation Cardiologique et Neurologique, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Catherine Lubetzki
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Neurology, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Neurology, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - David Grabli
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Neurology, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Dario Saracino
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Neurology, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Departement of Neurology, Reference Centre for Rare or Early Dementias, Paris, France.
- Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau (ICM), AP-HP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neurosciences, Département de Neurologie, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
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Devlin L, Gombolay GY. Cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in COVID-19: a review and meta-analysis. J Neurol 2023; 270:5155-5161. [PMID: 37581633 PMCID: PMC10591843 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurological involvement can occur in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections, resulting in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Cytokine alterations are associated with neurological symptoms in COVID-19. We performed a review of cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with COVID-19. METHODS Two reviewers independently searched PubMed for all relevant articles published prior to November 11, 2022. Active SARS-CoV-2 infection and CSF cytokine analyses were required for inclusion. RESULTS Three-hundred forty-six patients with COVID-19 and 356 controls from 28 studies were included. SARS-CoV-2 PCR was positive in the CSF of 0.9% (3/337) of patients with COVID-19. Thirty-seven different cytokines were elevated in the CSF of patients with COVID-19 when compared to controls and the standards set forth by individual assays used in each study. Of the 37 cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8 were most commonly elevated. CSF IL-6 is elevated in 60%, and CSF IL-8 is elevated in 51% of patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSION Levels of several inflammatory cytokines are elevated in the CSF of patients with COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 PCR is often not isolated in the CSF of patients with COVID-19. Many patients with COVID-19 have neurological symptoms and given the cytokine elevations in the absence of detectable viral RNA in cerebrospinal fluid; further study of the CSF cytokine profiles and pathogenesis of neurological symptoms in COVID-19 is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Devlin
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Grace Y Gombolay
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Emory University, 1400 Tulle Road NE, 8th Floor, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Xue H, Zeng L, He H, Xu D, Ren K. Autoimmune encephalitis in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review of case reports and case series. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1207883. [PMID: 37771454 PMCID: PMC10525333 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1207883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is mounting evidence suggesting that autoimmune encephalitis (AE) can be observed as a neurological complication in patients with COVID-19. This review aimed to summarize the clinical manifestations, types, and outcomes of COVID-19-associated AE. Methods A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify case reports and case series related to COVID-19-associated AE from 1 January 2020 to 31 March 2023. After a thorough screening and evaluation, irrelevant articles were excluded. Relevant information concerning types, clinical manifestations, and outcomes was extracted and synthesized. Results A total of 37 studies, comprising 34 case reports and 3 case series, were included in this review. Among the 42 COVID-19-associated AE patients, 21 (50%) cases were classified as an unknown antibodies (Ab) type of COVID-19-associated AE, 10 (23.80%) cases as anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) encephalitis, 4 (9.5%) cases as limbic encephalitis, and 3 (7.1%) cases as anti-myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein encephalitis, along with other rare types of AE. Disturbance of consciousness, seizures, and psychiatric symptoms were identified as the main clinical manifestations of COVID-19-associated AE. While the symptoms of AE displayed variation, most patients achieved full recovery although a few experienced residual symptoms of neurological damage. Conclusion This systematic review comprehensively describes the characteristics of COVID-19-associated AE. The main type of COVID-19-associated AE identified in this study is an unknown Ab type of COVID-19-associated AE. Despite the potentially life-threatening risks of COVID-19-associated AE, the majority of patients survived, with some patients reporting residual neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xue
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Taikang Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongxian He
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Taikang Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongxun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Taikang Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaixin Ren
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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5
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Hauptman AJ, Ferrafiat V. Neuroinflammatory syndromes in children. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2023; 36:87-95. [PMID: 36705007 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neuropsychiatric symptoms due to paediatric neuroinflammatory diseases are increasingly recognized and reported. Psychiatrists are crucial in front-lines identification, diagnosis and care of individuals with disorders such as autoimmune encephalitis and management of long-term neurobehavioral sequelae. This review summarizes recent literature on autoimmune and post-infectious encephalitis, discusses special considerations in children with neurodevelopmental conditions and presents a paradigm for evaluation and management. RECENT FINDINGS There is a growing body of evidence on neuropsychiatric symptom burdens of paediatric neuroinflammatory diseases. A particular development is the evolution of diagnostic and treatment guidelines for conditions such as autoimmune encephalitis, which take into account phenotypes of acute, short-term and long-term sequelae. Interest in inflammatory sequelae of viral illness, such as SARS-CoV-2, in children remains in early development. SUMMARY Neuroimmunological disease data are constantly evolving. New recommendations exist for multiple common neuroimmunological disorders with behavioural, emotional, cognitive and neurological sequelae. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis now has well-recognized patterns of symptom semiology, diagnostic and treatment recommendations, and outcome patterns. Recognizing psychiatric symptoms heralding autoimmune brain disease and understanding neuropsychiatric sequelae are now a crucial skill set for paediatric psychiatrists. Exploration of inflammatory features of other diseases, such as genetic syndromes, is a burgeoning research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Hauptman
- Kennedy Krieger Institute
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vladimir Ferrafiat
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism
- Reference Center for Intellectual Disabilities of Rare Causes, La Timone University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
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6
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Dinkin M, Sathi S. Efferent neuro-ophthalmic complications of coronavirus disease 2019. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2022; 33:471-484. [PMID: 36165417 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We set out to describe efferent neuro-ophthalmological complications that have been reported in association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We describe syndromes affecting ocular motility and elaborate on mechanisms of disease, including para-infectious inflammation, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, and direct neurotropic viral invasion. Despite global vaccination programs, COVID-19 continues to pose an international threat that may rarely result in diplopia or nystagmus. RECENT FINDINGS Efferent complications include cranial nerve palsies leading to diplopia, either isolated or in association with Miller Fisher syndrome. Nystagmus has been observed in the setting of hemorrhagic acute necrotizing encephalopathy and brainstem infarcts, and opsoclonus syndrome has been described. SUMMARY Observed neuro-ophthalmic associations need to be confirmed through larger comparative studies. Meanwhile, the range of possible complications should be recognized by neurologists and ophthalmologists alike, to facilitate faster diagnosis and treatment of both COVID-19 and its neuro-ophthalmic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Dinkin
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Swetha Sathi
- M2, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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7
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Lucchese G, Vogelgesang A, Boesl F, Raafat D, Holtfreter S, Bröker BM, Stufano A, Fleischmann R, Prüss H, Franke C, Flöel A. Anti-neuronal antibodies against brainstem antigens are associated with COVID-19. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104211. [PMID: 35963198 PMCID: PMC9365397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Putative Role of the Lung-Brain Axis in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19-Associated Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030729. [PMID: 35327531 PMCID: PMC8944980 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its related disease caused by coronavirus (COVID-19) has posed a huge threat to the global population, with millions of deaths and the creation of enormous social and healthcare pressure. Several studies have shown that besides respiratory illness, other organs may be damaged as well, including the heart, kidneys, and brain. Current evidence reports a high frequency of neurological manifestations in COVID-19, with significant prognostic implications. Importantly, emerging literature is showing that the virus may spread to the central nervous system through neuronal routes, hitting the brainstem and cardiorespiratory centers, potentially exacerbating the respiratory illness. In this systematic review, we searched public databases for all available evidence and discuss current clinical and pre-clinical data on the relationship between the lung and brain during COVID-19. Acknowledging the involvement of these primordial brain areas in the pathogenesis of the disease may fuel research on the topic and allow the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Gerhard A, Prüß H, Franke C. [Manifestations of the central nervous system after COVID-19]. DER NERVENARZT 2022; 93:769-778. [PMID: 35552466 PMCID: PMC9096778 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-022-01294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), especially in the postacute phase after an infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been described. These include neuroimmunologically mediated diseases, such as encephalopathy, encephalitis, myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), acute necrotizing hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (ANHLE) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) as well as others, such as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia (OMA) and cerebrovascular diseases. A parainfectious or postinfectious association is discussed but the pathophysiological mechanisms are so far unknown. Underlying mechanisms could be a virus-triggered overactivation of the immune system with hyperinflammation and cytokine storm but possibly also the development of specific autoantibodies against CNS tissue. Direct damage due to the invasion of SARS-CoV‑2 into the brain or spinal cord does not seem to play a relevant role. An exact clinical phenotyping and initiation of additional diagnostics are recommended, also to rule out other causes. To date no medicinal treatment options for CNS manifestations of long COVID exist; however, first results regarding inflammation and autoimmunity are promising and could lead to new treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameli Gerhard
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Klinik für Neurologie und Experimentelle Neurologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Harald Prüß
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Klinik für Neurologie und Experimentelle Neurologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Deutschland ,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Christiana Franke
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Klinik für Neurologie und Experimentelle Neurologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Deutschland
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10
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Samim MM, Dhar D, Goyal S, Dey T, Parvin N, Shah RD, Singh V, Chowdhury S, Lal BM, Varghese N, Gohel A, Chowdhury A, Chatterjee A, Siddiqui S. AI-CoV Study: Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated With COVID-19 and Its Vaccines—A Systematic Review. J Clin Neurol 2022; 18:692-710. [DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2022.18.6.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- MM Samim
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Debjyoti Dhar
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sheetal Goyal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Treshita Dey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Naznin Parvin
- Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rutul D. Shah
- Department of Neurology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sampurna Chowdhury
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhavesh Mohan Lal
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nibu Varghese
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhishek Gohel
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhishek Chowdhury
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Aritra Chatterjee
- Centre For Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shahyan Siddiqui
- Consultant Neuroradiologist, Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, STAT Institute of Neurosciences, Hyderabad, India
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Finsterer J, Scorza FA, Fiorini AC. Comments on "CSF-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Acute Encephalitis": SARS-CoV-2-Associated Encephalitis Is Autoimmune Rather Than Infectious. J Clin Neurol 2022; 18:102-104. [PMID: 35021293 PMCID: PMC8762503 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2022.18.1.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fulvio Alexandre Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Fiorini
- Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduado em Fonoaudiologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP), São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Samudralwar RD. Commentary: The spectrum of neurological manifestations related to COVID-19 and vaccinations. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 358:577660. [PMID: 34274719 PMCID: PMC8270743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohini D Samudralwar
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Suite 7.044, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
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