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Geryk M, Charpentier F. Pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiomyopathies induced by desmin gene variants located in the C-Terminus of segment 2B. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31254. [PMID: 38501553 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Desmin, the most abundant intermediate filament in cardiomyocytes, plays a key role in maintaining cardiomyocyte structure by interconnecting intracellular organelles, and facilitating cardiomyocyte interactions with the extracellular matrix and neighboring cardiomyocytes. As a consequence, mutations in the desmin gene (DES) can lead to desminopathies, a group of diseases characterized by variable and often severe cardiomyopathies along with skeletal muscle disorders. The basic desmin intermediate filament structure is composed of four segments separated by linkers that further assemble into dimers, tetramers and eventually unit-length filaments that compact radially to give the final form of the filament. Each step in this process is critical for proper filament formation and allow specific interactions within the cell. Mutations within the desmin gene can disrupt filament formation, as seen by aggregate formation, and thus have severe cardiac and skeletal outcomes, depending on the locus of the mutation. The focus of this review is to outline the cardiac molecular consequences of mutations located in the C-terminal part of segment 2B. This region is crucial for ensuring proper desmin filament formation and is a known hotspot for mutations that significantly impact cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Geryk
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, L'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Flavien Charpentier
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, L'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France
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Takegami N, Mitsutake A, Mano T, Shintani-Domoto Y, Unuma A, Yamaguchi-Takegami N, Ishiura H, Sakuishi K, Ando M, Yamauchi H, Ono M, Morishita S, Mitsui J, Shimizu J, Tsuji S, Toda T. The Myocardial Accumulation of Aggregated Desmin Protein in a Case of Desminopathy with a de novo DES p.R406W Mutation. Intern Med 2023; 62:2883-2887. [PMID: 36792195 PMCID: PMC10602824 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0992-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Desminopathy is a cardiac and skeletal myopathy caused by disease-causing variants in the desmin (DES) gene and represents a subgroup of myofibrillar myopathies, where cytoplasmic desmin-postive immunoreactivity is the pathological hallmark. We herein report a 28-year-old Japanese man who was initially diagnosed with sporadic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with atrioventricular block at 9 years old and developed weakness in the soft palate and extremities. The myocardial tissue dissected during implantation of the ventricular-assisted device showed a dilated phase of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and intracellular accumulation of proteinase K-resistant desmin aggregates. Genetic testing confirmed a de novo mutation of DES, which has already been linked to desminopathy. As the molecular diagnosis of desminopathy is challenging, particularly if patients show predominantly cardiac signs and a routine skeletal muscle biopsy is unavailable, these characteristic pathological findings of endomyocardial proteinase K-resistant desmin aggregates might aid in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takegami
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Mitsutake
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Mano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Unuma
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Sakuishi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ando
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Haruo Yamauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Minoru Ono
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Shinichi Morishita
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Medical Genomics, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Harriot AD, Altair Morris T, Vanegas C, Kallenbach J, Pinto K, Joca HC, Moutin MJ, Shi G, Ursitti JA, Grosberg A, Ward CW. Detyrosinated microtubule arrays drive myofibrillar malformations in mdx muscle fibers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1209542. [PMID: 37691825 PMCID: PMC10485621 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1209542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered myofibrillar structure is a consequence of dystrophic pathology that impairs skeletal muscle contractile function and increases susceptibility to contraction injury. In murine Duchenne muscular dystrophy (mdx), myofibrillar alterations are abundant in advanced pathology (>4 months), an age where we formerly established densified microtubule (MT) arrays enriched in detyrosinated (deTyr) tubulin as negative disease modifiers impacting cell mechanics and mechanotransduction. Given the essential role of deTyr-enriched MT arrays in myofibrillar growth, maintenance, and repair, we examined the increased abundance of these arrays as a potential mechanism for these myofibrillar alterations. Here we find an increase in deTyr-tubulin as an early event in dystrophic pathology (4 weeks) with no evidence myofibrillar alterations. At 16 weeks, we show deTyr-enriched MT arrays significantly densified and co-localized to areas of myofibrillar malformation. Profiling the enzyme complexes responsible for deTyr-tubulin, we identify vasohibin 2 (VASH2) and small vasohibin binding protein (SVBP) significantly elevated in the mdx muscle at 4 weeks. Using the genetic increase in VASH2/SVBP expression in 4 weeks wild-type mice we find densified deTyr-enriched MT arrays that co-segregate with myofibrillar malformations similar to those in the 16 weeks mdx. Given that no changes in sarcomere organization were identified in fibers expressing sfGFP as a control, we conclude that disease-dependent densification of deTyr-enriched MT arrays underscores the altered myofibrillar structure in dystrophic skeletal muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anicca D. Harriot
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tessa Altair Morris
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center, and the NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Camilo Vanegas
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jacob Kallenbach
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kaylie Pinto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Humberto C. Joca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marie-Jo Moutin
- INSERM U1216 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Guoli Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeanine A. Ursitti
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anna Grosberg
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center, and the NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Christopher W. Ward
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Noureddine M, Gehmlich K. Structural and signaling proteins in the Z-disk and their role in cardiomyopathies. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1143858. [PMID: 36935760 PMCID: PMC10017460 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1143858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sarcomere is the smallest functional unit of muscle contraction. It is delineated by a protein-rich structure known as the Z-disk, alternating with M-bands. The Z-disk anchors the actin-rich thin filaments and plays a crucial role in maintaining the mechanical stability of the cardiac muscle. A multitude of proteins interact with each other at the Z-disk and they regulate the mechanical properties of the thin filaments. Over the past 2 decades, the role of the Z-disk in cardiac muscle contraction has been assessed widely, however, the impact of genetic variants in Z-disk proteins has still not been fully elucidated. This review discusses the various Z-disk proteins (alpha-actinin, filamin C, titin, muscle LIM protein, telethonin, myopalladin, nebulette, and nexilin) and Z-disk-associated proteins (desmin, and obscurin) and their role in cardiac structural stability and intracellular signaling. This review further explores how genetic variants of Z-disk proteins are linked to inherited cardiac conditions termed cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Noureddine
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Yang H, Wang H, Li Z, Yan J, Song YE, Zeng H, He X, Li R, Wang DW. Aortic Coarctation Associated With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in a Woman With Hypertension and Syncope: A Case Report With 8-Year Follow-Up. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:818884. [PMID: 35146008 PMCID: PMC8821647 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.818884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a common congenital cardiovascular malformation with aortic narrowing in the region of the ligamentum arteriosum. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary cardiomyopathy that is characterized by left ventricular wall thickening and likely left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. They are two irrelevant diseases, and their coexistence has not been reported before. Here, we described a young female patient who concurrently has CoA and HCM. Case Presentation The patient has had hypertension since 18-years old and complained of chest discomfort on effort and fatigue thereafter. Initially, she was diagnosed as having hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and primary hypertension. The presence of CoA was not found until she was 35 years old when she had an onset of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) and presented with syncope. Failure of the ablation procedure via the femoral artery revealed the possibility of CoA and PDA that was confirmed by aortic CTA and angiography. CoA was then treated successfully with a covered stent, and the symptoms of the patient improved remarkably. Additionally, the patient had typical imaging features of HCM, and two novel HCM-causing heterozygous mutations were identified by genetic testing, DSP-encoding desmoplakin, and MYBPC3-encoding myosin-binding protein C. The HCM was suspected to be contributing to the clinical presentations of the patient and challenged the timely diagnosis of CoA. The 8-year follow-up on aortic CTA and angiography revealed no stent graft-related complications. Moreover, no changes in HCM-related imaging features were found in the follow-up echocardiography 8 years after the correction of aortic coarctation, which strengthened the diagnosis of HCM. Conclusion Here, we reported the diagnostic challenges, management, and 8-yeasr follow-up findings in a rare case of CoA combined with HCM. The case highlighted the importance for physicians to exclude CoA in young hypertensive patients, and proved the efficacy of stent repair in treating CoA in older patients.
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Shelly S, Talha N, Pereira NL, Engel AG, Johnson JN, Selcen D. Expanding Spectrum of Desmin-Related Myopathy, Long-term Follow-up, and Cardiac Transplantation. Neurology 2021; 97:e1150-e1158. [PMID: 34315782 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the genetic and clinical phenotypes of desmin-related myopathy patients and long-term outcomes after cardiac transplant. METHODS Retrospective review of cardiac and neurological manifestations of genetically confirmed desmin-related myopathy patients (Jan 1st, 1999-Jan 1st, 2020). RESULTS Twenty-five patients in 20 different families were recognized. Median age at onset of symptoms was 20 years (range: 4-50), median follow-up time of 36 months (range: 1-156). Twelve patients initially presented with skeletal muscle involvement and 13 with cardiac disease. Sixteen patients had both cardiac and skeletal muscle involvement. Clinically muscle weakness distribution was distal (n=11), proximal (n=4) or both (n=7) of 22 patients. Skeletal muscle biopsy from patients with missense and splice site variants (n=12) showed abnormal fibers containing amorphous material in Gomori trichrome stained sections. Patients with cardiac involvement had atrioventricular conduction abnormalities or cardiomyopathy. The most common ECG abnormality was complete AV block in 11 patients all of whom required a permanent pacemaker at a median age of 25 years (range: 16-48). Sudden cardiac death resulting in implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks or resuscitation were reported in 3 patients, a total of 5 patients had ICDs. Orthotopic cardiac transplantation was performed in 3 patients at 20, 35 and 39 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Pathogenic variants in desmin can lead to varied neurological and cardiac phenotypes beginning at a young age. Two-thirds of the patients have both neurologic and cardiac symptoms usually starting in the third decade. Heart transplant was tolerated with improved cardiac function and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niaz Talha
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | | | - Duygu Selcen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Herrmann H, Cabet E, Chevalier NR, Moosmann J, Schultheis D, Haas J, Schowalter M, Berwanger C, Weyerer V, Agaimy A, Meder B, Müller OJ, Katus HA, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Vicart P, Ferreiro A, Dittrich S, Clemen CS, Lilienbaum A, Schröder R. Dual Functional States of R406W-Desmin Assembly Complexes Cause Cardiomyopathy With Severe Intercalated Disc Derangement in Humans and in Knock-In Mice. Circulation 2020; 142:2155-2171. [PMID: 33023321 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.050218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the human desmin gene cause myopathies and cardiomyopathies. This study aimed to elucidate molecular mechanisms initiated by the heterozygous R406W-desmin mutation in the development of a severe and early-onset cardiac phenotype. METHODS We report an adolescent patient who underwent cardiac transplantation as a result of restrictive cardiomyopathy caused by a heterozygous R406W-desmin mutation. Sections of the explanted heart were analyzed with antibodies specific to 406W-desmin and to intercalated disc proteins. Effects of the R406W mutation on the molecular properties of desmin were addressed by cell transfection and in vitro assembly experiments. To prove the genuine deleterious effect of the mutation on heart tissue, we further generated and analyzed R405W-desmin knock-in mice harboring the orthologous form of the human R406W-desmin. RESULTS Microscopic analysis of the explanted heart revealed desmin aggregates and the absence of desmin filaments at intercalated discs. Structural changes within intercalated discs were revealed by the abnormal organization of desmoplakin, plectin, N-cadherin, and connexin-43. Next-generation sequencing confirmed the DES variant c.1216C>T (p.R406W) as the sole disease-causing mutation. Cell transfection studies disclosed a dual behavior of R406W-desmin with both its integration into the endogenous intermediate filament system and segregation into protein aggregates. In vitro, R406W-desmin formed unusually thick filaments that organized into complex filament aggregates and fibrillar sheets. In contrast, assembly of equimolar mixtures of mutant and wild-type desmin generated chimeric filaments of seemingly normal morphology but with occasional prominent irregularities. Heterozygous and homozygous R405W-desmin knock-in mice develop both a myopathy and a cardiomyopathy. In particular, the main histopathologic results from the patient are recapitulated in the hearts from R405W-desmin knock-in mice of both genotypes. Moreover, whereas heterozygous knock-in mice have a normal life span, homozygous animals die at 3 months of age because of a smooth muscle-related gastrointestinal phenotype. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that R406W-desmin provokes its severe cardiotoxic potential by a novel pathomechanism, where the concurrent dual functional states of mutant desmin assembly complexes underlie the uncoupling of desmin filaments from intercalated discs and their structural disorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Herrmann
- Institute of Neuropathology (H.H., D.S., M.S., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.,Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (H.H.)
| | - Eva Cabet
- Basic and Translational Myology, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (E.C., P.V., A.F., A.L.), University of Paris, France
| | - Nicolas R Chevalier
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (N.R.C.), University of Paris, France
| | - Julia Moosmann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology (J.M., S.D.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Schultheis
- Institute of Neuropathology (H.H., D.S., M.S., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Jan Haas
- Institute for Cardiomyopathies Heidelberg, Heart Center Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.H., B.M.)
| | - Mirjam Schowalter
- Institute of Neuropathology (H.H., D.S., M.S., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Berwanger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany (C.B., C.S.C.)
| | - Veronika Weyerer
- Institute of Pathology (V.W., A.A.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology (V.W., A.A.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Institute for Cardiomyopathies Heidelberg, Heart Center Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.H., B.M.).,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (B.M.)
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and University of Kiel, and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany (O.J.M.)
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany (H.A.K.)
| | - Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt
- Department of Ophthalmology (U.S.-S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Vicart
- Basic and Translational Myology, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (E.C., P.V., A.F., A.L.), University of Paris, France
| | - Ana Ferreiro
- Basic and Translational Myology, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (E.C., P.V., A.F., A.L.), University of Paris, France.,Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.F.)
| | - Sven Dittrich
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology (J.M., S.D.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Christoph S Clemen
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany (C.B., C.S.C.).,Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, and Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany(C.S.C.)
| | - Alain Lilienbaum
- Basic and Translational Myology, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (E.C., P.V., A.F., A.L.), University of Paris, France
| | - Rolf Schröder
- Institute of Neuropathology (H.H., D.S., M.S., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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Phenotypic expression of a novel desmin gene mutation: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy followed by systemic myopathy. J Hum Genet 2017; 63:249-254. [DOI: 10.1038/s10038-017-0383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gouveia M, Xia K, Colón W, Vieira SI, Ribeiro F. Protein aggregation, cardiovascular diseases, and exercise training: Where do we stand? Ageing Res Rev 2017; 40:1-10. [PMID: 28757291 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cells ensure their protein quality control through the proteostasis network. Aging and age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, have been associated to the reduction of proteostasis network efficiency and, consequently, to the accumulation of protein misfolded aggregates. The decline in protein homeostasis has been associated with the development and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathies, and heart failure. Exercise training is a key component of the management of patients with cardiovascular disease, consistently improving quality of life and prognosis. In this review, we give an overview on age-related protein aggregation, the role of the increase of misfolded protein aggregates on cardiovascular pathophysiology, and describe the beneficial or deleterious effects of the proteostasis network on the development of cardiovascular disease. We subsequently discuss how exercise training, a key lifestyle intervention in those with cardiovascular disease, could restore proteostasis and improve disease status.
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Early signs of architectural and biomechanical failure in isolated myofibers and immortalized myoblasts from desmin-mutant knock-in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1391. [PMID: 28469177 PMCID: PMC5431221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In striated muscle, desmin intermediate filaments interlink the contractile myofibrillar apparatus with mitochondria, nuclei, and the sarcolemma. The desmin network’s pivotal role in myocytes is evident since mutations in the human desmin gene cause severe myopathies and cardiomyopathies. Here, we investigated skeletal muscle pathology in myofibers and myofibrils isolated from young hetero- and homozygous R349P desmin knock-in mice, which carry the orthologue of the most frequent human desmin missense mutation R350P. We demonstrate that mutant desmin alters myofibrillar cytoarchitecture, markedly disrupts the lateral sarcomere lattice and distorts myofibrillar angular axial orientation. Biomechanical assessment revealed a high predisposition to stretch-induced damage in fiber bundles of R349P mice. Notably, Ca2+-sensitivity and passive myofibrillar tension were decreased in heterozygous fiber bundles, but increased in homozygous fiber bundles compared to wildtype mice. In a parallel approach, we generated and subsequently subjected immortalized heterozygous R349P desmin knock-in myoblasts to magnetic tweezer experiments that revealed a significantly increased sarcolemmal lateral stiffness. Our data suggest that mutated desmin already markedly impedes myocyte structure and function at pre-symptomatic stages of myofibrillar myopathies.
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Batonnet-Pichon S, Behin A, Cabet E, Delort F, Vicart P, Lilienbaum A. Myofibrillar Myopathies: New Perspectives from Animal Models to Potential Therapeutic Approaches. J Neuromuscul Dis 2017; 4:1-15. [PMID: 28269794 PMCID: PMC5345645 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-160203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Myofibrillar myopathies (MFMs) are muscular disorders involving proteins that play a role in the structure, maintenance processes and protein quality control mechanisms closely related to the Z-disc in the muscular fibers. MFMs share common histological characteristics including progressive disorganization of the interfibrillar network and protein aggregation. Currently no treatment is available. In this review, we describe first clinical symptoms associated with mutations of the six genes (DES, CRYAB, MYOT, ZASP, FLNC and BAG3) primary involved in MFM and defining the origin of this pathology. As mechanisms determining the aetiology of the disease remain unclear yet, several research teams have developed animal models from invertebrates to mammalians species. Thus we describe here these different models that often recapitulate human clinical symptoms. Therefore they are very useful for deeper studies to understand early molecular and progressive mechanisms determining the pathology. Finally in the last part, we emphasize on the potential therapeutic approaches for MFM that could be conducted in the future. In conclusion, this review offers a link from patients to future therapy through the use of MFMs animal models.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drosophila
- Humans
- Mice
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Mutation
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/genetics
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/pathology
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/physiopathology
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/therapy
- Oryzias
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Batonnet-Pichon
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Behin
- Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Paris-Est, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, institut de Myologie, AP-HP, boulevard de l’Hôpital, Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Eva Cabet
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR, Paris, France
| | - Florence Delort
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Vicart
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR, Paris, France
| | - Alain Lilienbaum
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR, Paris, France
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Béhin A, Salort-Campana E, Wahbi K, Richard P, Carlier RY, Carlier P, Laforêt P, Stojkovic T, Maisonobe T, Verschueren A, Franques J, Attarian S, Maues de Paula A, Figarella-Branger D, Bécane HM, Nelson I, Duboc D, Bonne G, Vicart P, Udd B, Romero N, Pouget J, Eymard B. Myofibrillar myopathies: State of the art, present and future challenges. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2015; 171:715-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Brunet T, Lauri A, Arendt D. Did the notochord evolve from an ancient axial muscle? The axochord hypothesis. Bioessays 2015; 37:836-50. [PMID: 26172338 PMCID: PMC5054868 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The origin of the notochord is one of the key remaining mysteries of our evolutionary ancestry. Here, we present a multi‐level comparison of the chordate notochord to the axochord, a paired axial muscle spanning the ventral midline of annelid worms and other invertebrates. At the cellular level, comparative molecular profiling in the marine annelids P. dumerilii and C. teleta reveals expression of similar, specific gene sets in presumptive axochordal and notochordal cells. These cells also occupy corresponding positions in a conserved anatomical topology and undergo similar morphogenetic movements. At the organ level, a detailed comparison of bilaterian musculatures reveals that most phyla form axochord‐like muscles, suggesting that such a muscle was already present in urbilaterian ancestors. Integrating comparative evidence at the cell and organ level, we propose that the notochord evolved by modification of a ventromedian muscle followed by the assembly of an axial complex supporting swimming in vertebrate ancestors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Brunet
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonella Lauri
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Detlev Arendt
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Missinato MA, Tobita K, Romano N, Carroll JA, Tsang M. Extracellular component hyaluronic acid and its receptor Hmmr are required for epicardial EMT during heart regeneration. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:487-98. [PMID: 26156497 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS After injury, the adult zebrafish can regenerate the heart. This requires the activation of the endocardium and epicardium as well as the proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes to replace the lost tissue. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this process are not completely resolved. In this work, we aim to identify the proteins involved in zebrafish heart regeneration and to explore their function. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a proteomic approach, we identified Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (Hmmr), a hyaluronic acid (HA) receptor, to be expressed following ventricular resection in zebrafish. Moreover, enzymes that produce HA, hyaluronic acid synthases (has), were also expressed following injury, suggesting that this pathway may serve important functions in the regenerating heart. Indeed, suppression of HA production, as well as depletion of Hmmr, blocked cardiac regeneration. Mechanistically, HA and Hmmr are required for epicardial cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and their subsequent migration into the regenerating ventricle. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) or inhibition of Src kinases, downstream effectors of Hmmr, also prevented epicardial cell migration, implicating a HA/Hmmr/FAK/Src pathway in this process. In a rat model of myocardial infarction, both HA and HMMR were up-regulated and localized in the infarct area within the first few days following damage, suggesting that this pathway may also play an important role in cardiac repair in mammals. CONCLUSION HA and Hmmr are required for activated epicardial cell EMT and migration involving the FAK/Src pathway for proper heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Missinato
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 5th Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Kimimasa Tobita
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 5th Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Nicla Romano
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - James A Carroll
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Michael Tsang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 5th Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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15
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Treweek TM, Meehan S, Ecroyd H, Carver JA. Small heat-shock proteins: important players in regulating cellular proteostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:429-451. [PMID: 25352169 PMCID: PMC11113218 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) are a diverse family of intra-cellular molecular chaperone proteins that play a critical role in mitigating and preventing protein aggregation under stress conditions such as elevated temperature, oxidation and infection. In doing so, they assist in the maintenance of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) thereby avoiding the deleterious effects that result from loss of protein function and/or protein aggregation. The chaperone properties of sHsps are therefore employed extensively in many tissues to prevent the development of diseases associated with protein aggregation. Significant progress has been made of late in understanding the structure and chaperone mechanism of sHsps. In this review, we discuss some of these advances, with a focus on mammalian sHsp hetero-oligomerisation, the mechanism by which sHsps act as molecular chaperones to prevent both amorphous and fibrillar protein aggregation, and the role of post-translational modifications in sHsp chaperone function, particularly in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Treweek
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Sarah Meehan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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16
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Hnia K, Ramspacher C, Vermot J, Laporte J. Desmin in muscle and associated diseases: beyond the structural function. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 360:591-608. [PMID: 25358400 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Desmin is a muscle-specific type III intermediate filament essential for proper muscular structure and function. In human, mutations affecting desmin expression or promoting its aggregation lead to skeletal (desmin-related myopathies), or cardiac (desmin-related cardiomyopathy) phenotypes, or both. Patient muscles display intracellular accumulations of misfolded proteins and desmin-positive insoluble granulofilamentous aggregates, leading to a large spectrum of molecular alterations. Increasing evidence shows that desmin function is not limited to the structural and mechanical integrity of cells. This novel perception is strongly supported by the finding that diseases featuring desmin aggregates cannot be easily associated with mechanical defects, but rather involve desmin filaments in a broader spectrum of functions, such as in organelle positioning and integrity and in signaling. Here, we review desmin functions and related diseases affecting striated muscles. We detail emergent cellular functions of desmin based on reported phenotypes in patients and animal models. We discuss known desmin protein partners and propose an overview of the way that this molecular network could serve as a signal transduction platform necessary for proper muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Hnia
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France,
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17
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Elliott PM, Anastasakis A, Borger MA, Borggrefe M, Cecchi F, Charron P, Hagege AA, Lafont A, Limongelli G, Mahrholdt H, McKenna WJ, Mogensen J, Nihoyannopoulos P, Nistri S, Pieper PG, Pieske B, Rapezzi C, Rutten FH, Tillmanns C, Watkins H. 2014 ESC Guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2014; 35:2733-79. [PMID: 25173338 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2911] [Impact Index Per Article: 291.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
MESH Headings
- Ablation Techniques/methods
- Adult
- Angina Pectoris/etiology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology
- Cardiac Imaging Techniques/methods
- Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/methods
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnosis
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/etiology
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/therapy
- Child
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control
- Delivery of Health Care
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Electrocardiography/methods
- Female
- Genetic Counseling/methods
- Genetic Testing/methods
- Heart Failure/etiology
- Heart Valve Diseases/diagnosis
- Heart Valve Diseases/therapy
- Humans
- Medical History Taking/methods
- Pedigree
- Physical Examination/methods
- Preconception Care/methods
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/diagnosis
- Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/therapy
- Prenatal Care/methods
- Risk Factors
- Sports Medicine
- Syncope/etiology
- Thoracic Surgical Procedures/methods
- Ventricular Outflow Obstruction/etiology
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18
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Mielcarek M, Inuabasi L, Bondulich MK, Muller T, Osborne GF, Franklin SA, Smith DL, Neueder A, Rosinski J, Rattray I, Protti A, Bates GP. Dysfunction of the CNS-heart axis in mouse models of Huntington's disease. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004550. [PMID: 25101683 PMCID: PMC4125112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodelling and contractile dysfunction occur during both acute and chronic disease processes including the accumulation of insoluble aggregates of misfolded amyloid proteins that are typical features of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease (HD). While HD has been described mainly as a neurological disease, multiple epidemiological studies have shown that HD patients exhibit a high incidence of cardiovascular events leading to heart failure, and that this is the second highest cause of death. Given that huntingtin is ubiquitously expressed, cardiomyocytes may be at risk of an HD-related dysfunction. In mice, the forced expression of an expanded polyQ repeat under the control of a cardiac specific promoter led to severe heart failure followed by reduced lifespan. However the mechanism leading to cardiac dysfunction in the clinical and pre-clinical HD settings remains unknown. To unravel this mechanism, we employed the R6/2 transgenic and HdhQ150 knock-in mouse models of HD. We found that pre-symptomatic animals developed connexin-43 relocation and a significant deregulation of hypertrophic markers and Bdnf transcripts. In the symptomatic animals, pronounced functional changes were visualised by cardiac MRI revealing a contractile dysfunction, which might be a part of dilatated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This was accompanied by the re-expression of foetal genes, apoptotic cardiomyocyte loss and a moderate degree of interstitial fibrosis. To our surprise, we could identify neither mutant HTT aggregates in cardiac tissue nor a HD-specific transcriptional dysregulation, even at the end stage of disease. We postulate that the HD-related cardiomyopathy is caused by altered central autonomic pathways although the pathogenic effects of mutant HTT acting intrinsically in the heart may also be a contributing factor. Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder for which the mutation results in an extra-long tract of glutamines that causes the huntingtin protein to aggregate. It is characterized by neurological symptoms and brain pathology that is associated with nuclear and cytoplasmic aggregates and with transcriptional dysregulation. Despite the fact that HD has been recognized principally as a neurological disease, there are multiple epidemiological studies showing that HD patients exhibit a high rate of cardiovascular events leading to heart failure. To unravel the cause of cardiac dysfunction in HD models, we employed a wide range of molecular and physiological methods using two well established genetic mouse models of this disease. We found that pre-symptomatic animals developed aberrant gap junction channel expression and a significant deregulation of hypertrophic markers that may predispose them to arrhythmia and an overall change in cardiac function. These changes were accompanied by the re-expression of foetal genes, apoptotic cardiomyocyte loss and a moderate degree of interstitial fibrosis in the symptomatic animals. Surprisingly, we could identify neither mutant HTT aggregates in cardiac tissue nor a HD-specific transcriptional dysregulation. Therefore, we conclude that the HD-related cardiomyopathy could be driven by altered central autonomic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Mielcarek
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Inuabasi
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie K. Bondulich
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Muller
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina F. Osborne
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie A. Franklin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Donna L. Smith
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Neueder
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Rosinski
- CHDI Management Inc./CHDI Foundation Inc., Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ivan Rattray
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Protti
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division and Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian P. Bates
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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19
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Semmler AL, Sacconi S, Bach JE, Liebe C, Bürmann J, Kley RA, Ferbert A, Anderheiden R, Van den Bergh P, Martin JJ, De Jonghe P, Neuen-Jacob E, Müller O, Deschauer M, Bergmann M, Schröder JM, Vorgerd M, Schulz JB, Weis J, Kress W, Claeys KG. Unusual multisystemic involvement and a novel BAG3 mutation revealed by NGS screening in a large cohort of myofibrillar myopathies. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:121. [PMID: 25208129 PMCID: PMC4347565 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myofibrillar myopathies (MFM) are a group of phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous neuromuscular disorders, which are characterized by protein aggregations in muscle fibres and can be associated with multisystemic involvement. Methods We screened a large cohort of 38 index patients with MFM for mutations in the nine thus far known causative genes using Sanger and next generation sequencing (NGS). We studied the clinical and histopathological characteristics in 38 index patients and five additional relatives (n = 43) and particularly focused on the associated multisystemic symptoms. Results We identified 14 heterozygous mutations (diagnostic yield of 37%), among them the novel p.Pro209Gln mutation in the BAG3 gene, which was associated with onset in adulthood, a mild phenotype and an axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy, in the absence of giant axons at the nerve biopsy. We revealed several novel clinical phenotypes and unusual multisystemic presentations with previously described mutations: hearing impairment with a FLNC mutation, dysphonia with a mutation in DES and the first patient with a FLNC mutation presenting respiratory insufficiency as the initial symptom. Moreover, we described for the first time respiratory insufficiency occurring in a patient with the p.Gly154Ser mutation in CRYAB. Interestingly, we detected a polyneuropathy in 28% of the MFM patients, including a BAG3 and a MYOT case, and hearing impairment in 13%, including one patient with a FLNC mutation and two with mutations in the DES gene. In four index patients with a mutation in one of the MFM genes, typical histological findings were only identified at the ultrastructural level (29%). Conclusions We conclude that extraskeletal symptoms frequently occur in MFM, particularly cardiac and respiratory involvement, polyneuropathy and/or deafness. BAG3 mutations should be considered even in cases with a mild phenotype or an adult onset. We identified a genetic defect in one of the known genes in less than half of the MFM patients, indicating that more causative genes are still to be found. Next generation sequencing techniques should be helpful in achieving this aim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Semmler
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. .,Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Sacconi
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Nice Hospital and UMR CNRS6543, Nice University, Nice, France.
| | - J Elisa Bach
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Claus Liebe
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. .,Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jan Bürmann
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Rudolf A Kley
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Center Ruhrgebiet, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | | | | | - Peter Van den Bergh
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Reference Center, University Hospital Saint-Luc, Brussel, Belgium.
| | | | - Peter De Jonghe
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium. .,Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium. .,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Eva Neuen-Jacob
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Oliver Müller
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marcus Deschauer
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
| | - Markus Bergmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Bremen, Germany.
| | | | - Matthias Vorgerd
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Center Ruhrgebiet, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. .,JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich and Aachen, Germany.
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. .,JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich and Aachen, Germany.
| | - Wolfram Kress
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Kristl G Claeys
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. .,Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. .,JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich and Aachen, Germany.
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20
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Davidson A, Longman C, Farrugia M. WHEN YOUR HEART IS AFLUTTER AND YOU'RE WEAK AT THE KNEES: A CASE REPORT. J Neurol Psychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2013-306573.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Desminopathies: pathology and mechanisms. Acta Neuropathol 2013; 125:47-75. [PMID: 23143191 PMCID: PMC3535371 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-012-1057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The intermediate filament protein desmin is an essential component of the extra-sarcomeric cytoskeleton in muscle cells. This three-dimensional filamentous framework exerts central roles in the structural and functional alignment and anchorage of myofibrils, the positioning of cell organelles and signaling events. Mutations of the human desmin gene on chromosome 2q35 cause autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and sporadic myopathies and/or cardiomyopathies with marked phenotypic variability. The disease onset ranges from childhood to late adulthood. The clinical course is progressive and no specific treatment is currently available for this severely disabling disease. The muscle pathology is characterized by desmin-positive protein aggregates and degenerative changes of the myofibrillar apparatus. The molecular pathophysiology of desminopathies is a complex, multilevel issue. In addition to direct effects on the formation and maintenance of the extra-sarcomeric intermediate filament network, mutant desmin affects essential protein interactions, cell signaling cascades, mitochondrial functions, and protein quality control mechanisms. This review summarizes the currently available data on the epidemiology, clinical phenotypes, myopathology, and genetics of desminopathies. In addition, this work provides an overview on the expression, filament formation processes, biomechanical properties, post-translational modifications, interaction partners, subcellular localization, and functions of wild-type and mutant desmin as well as desmin-related cell and animal models.
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22
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Abstract
Myofibrillar myopathies (MFMs) are rare, inherited or sporadic, progressive neuromuscular disorders with considerable clinical and genetic heterogeneity. MFMs are defined morphologically by foci of myofibril dissolution that begins at the Z-disk, accumulation of myofibrillar degradation products, and ectopic expression of a large number of proteins including desmin. To date, mutations in six genes are known to cause MFMs, accounting for approximately half of the MFM patients identified. The causative genes encode mainly sarcomeric Z-disk(-related) proteins: desmin, αB-crystallin, myotilin, Z-band alternatively spliced PDZ motif containing protein (ZASP), filamin C and the antiapoptotic BCL2-associated athanogene 3 (Bag3). Although in most MFM patients the disease presents in adulthood and evolves slowly, some patients with desminopathy, αB-crystallinopathy or Bag3opathies have an infantile or juvenile disease onset. Cardiac involvement is very common in desminopathies and can sometimes be the initial or only symptom of the disease. Respiratory symptoms are noted during childhood in αB-crystallinopathies. Early severe cardiac and respiratory involvement is seen in Bag3opathies. Optical microscopic and immunohistochemical features are similar in MFMs; however, ultrastructural findings can be useful to differentiate between the distinct MFM subtypes. No curative treatment for MFMs is currently available. Careful follow-up, especially of cardiac and respiratory function, is important.
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23
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Kur J, Newman EA, Chan-Ling T. Cellular and physiological mechanisms underlying blood flow regulation in the retina and choroid in health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2012; 31:377-406. [PMID: 22580107 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We review the cellular and physiological mechanisms responsible for the regulation of blood flow in the retina and choroid in health and disease. Due to the intrinsic light sensitivity of the retina and the direct visual accessibility of fundus blood vessels, the eye offers unique opportunities for the non-invasive investigation of mechanisms of blood flow regulation. The ability of the retinal vasculature to regulate its blood flow is contrasted with the far more restricted ability of the choroidal circulation to regulate its blood flow by virtue of the absence of glial cells, the markedly reduced pericyte ensheathment of the choroidal vasculature, and the lack of intermediate filaments in choroidal pericytes. We review the cellular and molecular components of the neurovascular unit in the retina and choroid, techniques for monitoring retinal and choroidal blood flow, responses of the retinal and choroidal circulation to light stimulation, the role of capillaries, astrocytes and pericytes in regulating blood flow, putative signaling mechanisms mediating neurovascular coupling in the retina, and changes that occur in the retinal and choroidal circulation during diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and Alzheimer's disease. We close by discussing issues that remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kur
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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24
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High cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in myofibrillar myopathies due to DES gene mutations: a 10-year longitudinal study. Neuromuscul Disord 2012; 22:211-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Electrodiagnostic testing is a useful component of the approach to a patient with suspected myopathy. It follows the history and is guided by the neurologic examination findings. Uncovering various electrodiagnostic patterns (eg, fibrillation potentials with short-duration motor unit potentials, short-duration motor unit potentials without fibrillation potentials, myotonic discharges, and short-duration motor unit potentials with complex repetitive discharges) can lead to more targeted laboratory testing and a refined differential diagnosis. Electromyography may also be used to detect subclinical myopathy, assess disease activity, and help select a suitable muscle for biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lacomis
- Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC- Presbyterian, F875, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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26
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Abstract
The intermediate filament protein desmin is an integral component of the cardiomyocyte and serves to maintain the overall structure and cytoskeletal organization within striated muscle cells. Desmin-related myopathy can be caused by mutations in desmin or associated proteins, which leads to intracellular accumulation of misfolded protein and production of soluble pre-amyloid oligomers, which leads to weakened skeletal and cardiac muscle. In this review, we examine the cellular phenotypes in relevant animal models of desmin-related cardiomyopathy. These models display characteristic sarcoplasmic protein aggregates. Aberrant protein aggregation leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal metabolism, and altered cardiomyocyte structure. These deficits to cardiomyocyte function may stem from impaired cellular proteolytic mechanisms. The data obtained from these models allow a more complete picture of the pathology in desmin-related cardiomyopathy to be described. Moreover, these studies highlight the importance of desmin in maintaining cardiomyocyte structure and illustrate how disrupting this network can be deleterious to the heart. We emphasize the similarities observed between desmin-related cardiomyopathy and other protein conformational disorders and speculate that therapies to treat this disease may be broadly applicable to diverse protein aggregation-based disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M McLendon
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA
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27
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Abstract
Muscle tissue may be damaged following intense prolonged training as a consequence of both metabolic and mechanical factors. Serum levels of skeletal muscle enzymes or proteins are markers of the functional status of muscle tissue, and vary widely in both pathological and physiological conditions. Creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aldolase, myoglobin, troponin, aspartate aminotransferase, and carbonic anhydrase CAIII are the most useful serum markers of muscle injury, but apoptosis in muscle tissues subsequent to strenuous exercise may be also triggered by increased oxidative stress. Therefore, total antioxidant status can be used to evaluate the level of stress in muscle by other markers, such as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, malondialdehyde, sulfhydril groups, reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and others. As the various markers provide a composite picture of muscle status, we recommend using more than one to provide a better estimation of muscle stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Brancaccio
- Servizio di Medicina dello Sport, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
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van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, van Hessem L, Jongbloed JDH, de Walle HEK, Capetanaki Y, van der Kooi AJ, van Langen IM, van den Berg MP, van Tintelen JP. Desmin-related myopathy. Clin Genet 2010; 80:354-66. [PMID: 20718792 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Desmin-related myopathy (DRM) is an autosomally inherited skeletal and cardiac myopathy, mainly caused by dominant mutations in the desmin gene (DES). We provide (i) a literature review on DRM, including clinical manifestations, inheritance, molecular genetics, myopathology and management and (ii) a meta-analysis of reported DES mutation carriers, focusing on their clinical characteristics and potential genotype-phenotype correlations. Meta-analysis: DES mutation carriers (n = 159) with 40 different mutations were included. Neurological signs were present in 74% and cardiological signs in 74% of carriers (both neurological and cardiological signs in 49%, isolated neurological signs in 22%, and isolated cardiological signs in 22%). More than 70% of carriers exhibited myopathy or muscular weakness, with normal creatine kinase levels present in one third of them. Up to 50% of carriers had cardiomyopathy and around 60% had cardiac conduction disease or arrhythmias, with atrioventricular block as an important hallmark. Symptoms generally started during the 30s; a quarter of carriers died at a mean age of 49 years. Sudden cardiac death occurred in two patients with a pacemaker, suggesting a ventricular tachyarrhythmia as cause of death. The majority of DES mutations were missense mutations, mostly located in the 2B domain. Mutations in the 2B domain were predominant in patients with an isolated neurological phenotype, whereas head and tail domain mutations were predominant in patients with an isolated cardiological phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y van Spaendonck-Zwarts
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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SUNG RAPHAELK, URSELL PHILIPC, RAME JEDUARDO, BAILEY HELEN, CALESHU COLLEEN, NUSSBAUM ROBERTL, SCHEINMAN MELVINM. QTc Prolongation and Family History of Sudden Death in a Patient with Desmin Cardiomyopathy. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2010; 34:e105-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2010.02826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Desmin myopathy with severe cardiomyopathy in a Uruguayan family due to a codon deletion in a new location within the desmin 1A rod domain. Neuromuscul Disord 2010; 20:178-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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van Tintelen JP, Van Gelder IC, Asimaki A, Suurmeijer AJ, Wiesfeld AC, Jongbloed JD, van den Wijngaard A, Kuks JB, van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, Notermans N, Boven L, van den Heuvel F, Veenstra-Knol HE, Saffitz JE, Hofstra RM, van den Berg MP. Severe cardiac phenotype with right ventricular predominance in a large cohort of patients with a single missense mutation in the DES gene. Heart Rhythm 2009; 6:1574-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2009.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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McNeill A, Birchall D, Straub V, Goldfarb L, Reilich P, Walter MC, Schramm N, Lochmüller H, Chinnery PF. Lower limb radiology of distal myopathy due to the S60F myotilin mutation. Eur Neurol 2009; 62:161-6. [PMID: 19590214 PMCID: PMC2760969 DOI: 10.1159/000227266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Distal myopathies are a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of disorders in which the distal limb musculature is selectively or disproportionately affected. Precisely defining specific categories is a challenge because of overlapping clinical phenotypes, making it difficult to decide which of the many known causative genes to screen in individual cases. In this study we define the distinguishing magnetic resonance imaging findings in myotilin myopathy by studying 8 genealogically unrelated cases due to the same point mutation in TTID. Proximally, the vastii, biceps femoris and semimembranosus were involved with sparing of gracilis and sartorius. Distally, soleus, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, extensor hallicus and extensor digitorum were involved. This pattern contrasts with other distal myopathies and provides further support for the role of imaging in the clinical investigation of muscle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisdair McNeill
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Herrmann H, Strelkov SV, Burkhard P, Aebi U. Intermediate filaments: primary determinants of cell architecture and plasticity. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:1772-83. [PMID: 19587452 DOI: 10.1172/jci38214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are major constituents of the cytoskeleton and nuclear boundary in animal cells. They are of prime importance for the functional organization of structural elements. Depending on the cell type, morphologically similar but biochemically distinct proteins form highly viscoelastic filament networks with multiple nanomechanical functions. Besides their primary role in cell plasticity and their established function as cellular stress absorbers, recently discovered gene defects have elucidated that structural alterations of IFs can affect their involvement both in signaling and in controlling gene regulatory networks. Here, we highlight the basic structural and functional properties of IFs and derive a concept of how mutations may affect cellular architecture and thereby tissue construction and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Herrmann
- Group Functional Architecture of the Cell, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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34
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Goldfarb LG, Dalakas MC. Tragedy in a heartbeat: malfunctioning desmin causes skeletal and cardiac muscle disease. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:1806-13. [PMID: 19587455 PMCID: PMC2701871 DOI: 10.1172/jci38027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle fiber deterioration resulting in progressive skeletal muscle weakness, heart failure, and respiratory distress occurs in more than 20 inherited myopathies. As discussed in this Review, one of the newly identified myopathies is desminopathy, a disease caused by dysfunctional mutations in desmin, a type III intermediate filament protein, or alphaB-crystallin, a chaperone for desmin. The range of clinical manifestations in patients with desminopathy is wide and may overlap with those observed in individuals with other myopathies. Awareness of this disease needs to be heightened, diagnostic criteria reliably outlined, and molecular testing readily available; this would ensure prevention of sudden death from cardiac arrhythmias and other complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev G. Goldfarb
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marinos C. Dalakas
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
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Sharma MC, Jain D, Sarkar C, Goebel HH. Congenital myopathies--a comprehensive update of recent advancements. Acta Neurol Scand 2009; 119:281-92. [PMID: 19133863 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The congenital myopathies are relatively newly discovered compared with other categories of muscle diseases. Current research continues to clarify and classify the congenital myopathies. These pose a diagnostic problem and cannot be diagnosed by routine hematoxylin and eosin stain. A lot of special techniques are required to diagnose them correctly and it's various subtypes. The disease specific structural changes seen in the muscle are detected by enzyme histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Through this review we provide an up-to-date analysis of congenital myopathies including clinical and pathologic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Kemp MW, Edwards B, Burgess M, Clarke WT, Nicholson G, Parry DAD, Davies KE. Syncoilin isoform organization and differential expression in murine striated muscle. J Struct Biol 2008; 165:196-203. [PMID: 19070665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Syncoilin is a 64kDa intermediate filament (IF) protein expressed in myocytes at the sarcolemma, perinucleus, myotendenous and neuromuscular junctions. Here we present a revised domain projection and structural analysis for the original isoform (sync-1) and introduce two novel syncoilin isoforms (sync-2 and sync-3) generated by exon splicing. On the basis of consensus identity we propose that syncoilin be reclassified as a type III IF protein. All three syncoilin isoforms lack a L1 domain, a significant departure from standard IF rod domain projections that is likely to impact significantly on their biological function. Our analyses indicate that syncoilin is unlikely to form classical intermediate filament structures by itself, and that the significant difference in C-terminal structure between the three isoforms indicates that they may play divergent roles in myocytes. We show that despite lacking an apparent structural role in striated muscle, syncoilin isoforms are differentially and strongly upregulated in response to cardiotoxin induced regeneration and denervation induced atrophy in the C57BL/6 mouse, possibly suggesting an atypical role for syncoilin in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Kemp
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX13QX, UK
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Abstract
Myofibrillar myopathies (MFMs) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous muscle disorders that are defined morphologically by the presence of foci of myofibril dissolution, accumulation of myofibrillar degradation products, and ectopic expression of multiple proteins. MFMs are the paradigm of conformational protein diseases of the skeletal (and cardiac) muscles characterised by intracellular protein accumulation in muscle cells. Understanding of this group of disorders has advanced in recent years through the identification of causative mutations in various genes, most of which encode proteins of the sarcomeric Z-disc, including desmin, alphaB-crystallin, myotilin, ZASP and filamin C. This review focuses on the MFMs arising from defects in these proteins, summarising genetic and clinical features of the disorders and then discussing emerging understanding of the molecular pathogenic mechanisms leading to muscle fibre degeneration. Defective extralysosomal degradation of proteins is now recognised as an important element in this process. Several factors--including mutant proteins, a defective ubiquitin-proteasome system, aggresome formation, mutant ubiquitin, p62, oxidative stress and abnormal regulation of some transcription factors--are thought to participate in the cascade of events occurring in muscle fibres in MFMs.
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McCullagh KJA, Edwards B, Kemp MW, Giles LC, Burgess M, Davies KE. Analysis of skeletal muscle function in the C57BL6/SV129 syncoilin knockout mouse. Mamm Genome 2008; 19:339-51. [PMID: 18594912 PMCID: PMC2515546 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-008-9120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Syncoilin is a 64-kDa intermediate filament protein expressed in skeletal muscle and enriched at the perinucleus, sarcolemma, and myotendinous and neuromuscular junctions. Due to its pattern of cellular localization and binding partners, syncoilin is an ideal candidate to be both an important structural component of myocytes and a potential mediator of inherited myopathies. Here we present a report of a knockout mouse model for syncoilin and the results of an investigation into the effect of a syncoilin null state on striated muscle function in 6–8-week-old mice. An analysis of proteins known to associate with syncoilin showed that ablation of syncoilin had no effect on absolute expression or spatial localization of desmin or alpha dystrobrevin. Our syncoilin-null animal exhibited no differences in cardiotoxin-induced muscle regeneration, voluntary wheel running, or enforced treadmill exercise capacity, relative to wild-type controls. Finally, a mechanical investigation of isolated soleus and extensor digitorum longus indicated a potential differential reduction in muscle strength and resilience. We are the first to present data identifying an increased susceptibility to muscle damage in response to an extended forced exercise regime in syncoilin-deficient muscle. This study establishes a second viable syncoilin knockout model and highlights the importance of further investigations to determine the role of syncoilin in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J A McCullagh
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
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Mavroidis M, Panagopoulou P, Kostavasili I, Weisleder N, Capetanaki Y. A missense mutation in desmin tail domain linked to human dilated cardiomyopathy promotes cleavage of the head domain and abolishes its Z-disc localization. FASEB J 2008; 22:3318-27. [PMID: 18539904 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-088724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A missense mutation (Ile 451 to Met) at the tail domain of the muscle-specific intermediate filament protein desmin has been suggested to be a genetic cause of dilated cardiomyopathy. The Ile451Met mutation is located inside a conserved motif in the desmin tail domain, believed to have a potential role in the lateral packing of type III intermediate filaments. Nevertheless, the role of the type III intermediate filament tail domain remains elusive. To further study the role of this domain in the function of cardiomyocytes and in the development of cardiomyopathy, we generated transgenic mice expressing the mutant desmin(I451M) in the cardiac tissue. Analysis of hearts from transgenic animals revealed that mutant desmin loses its Z-disc localization but it can still associate with the intercalated discs, which, however, have an altered architecture, resembling other examples of dilated cardiomyopathy. This is the first report demonstrating a critical role of the desmin head and tail domains in the formation of the IF scaffold around Z discs. It is further suggested that in cardiomyocytes, an interplay between desmin tail and head domains is taking place, which potentially protects the amino terminus of desmin from specific proteases. The fact that the association with intercalated discs seems unchanged suggests that this association must take place through the desmin tail, in contrast to the head domain that is most possibly involved in the Z-disc binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis Mavroidis
- Cell Biology Division, Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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40
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Goldfarb LG, Olivé M, Vicart P, Goebel HH. Intermediate filament diseases: desminopathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 642:131-64. [PMID: 19181099 PMCID: PMC2776705 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-84847-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Desminopathy is one of the most common intermediate filament human disorders associated with mutations in closely interacting proteins, desmin and alphaB-crystallin. The inheritance pattern in familial desminopathy is characterized as autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive, but many cases have no family history. At least some and likely most sporadic desminopathy cases are associated with de novo DES mutations. The age of disease onset and rate of progression may vary depending on the type of inheritance and location of the causative mutation. Typically, the illness presents with lower and later upper limb muscle weakness slowly spreading to involve truncal, neck-flexor, facial and bulbar muscles. Skeletal myopathy is often combined with cardiomyopathy manifested by conduction blocks, arrhythmias and chronic heart failure resulting in premature sudden death. Respiratory muscle weakness is a major complication in some patients. Sections of the affected skeletal and cardiac muscles show abnormal fibre areas containing chimeric aggregates consisting of desmin and other cytoskeletal proteins. Various DES gene mutations: point mutations, an insertion, small in-frame deletions and a larger exon-skipping deletion, have been identified in desminopathy patients. The majority of these mutations are located in conserved alpha-helical segments, but additional mutations have recently been identified in the tail domain. Filament and network assembly studies indicate that most but not all disease-causing mutations make desmin assembly-incompetent and able to disrupt a pre-existing filamentous network in dominant-negative fashion. AlphaB-crystallin serves as a chaperone for desmin preventing its aggregation under various forms of stress; mutant CRYAB causes cardiac and skeletal myopathies identical to those resulting from DES mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev G Goldfarb
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9404, USA.
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41
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Brancaccio P, Maffulli N, Buonauro R, Limongelli FM. Serum Enzyme Monitoring in Sports Medicine. Clin Sports Med 2008; 27:1-18, vii. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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42
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43
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Barrachina M, Moreno J, Juvés S, Moreno D, Olivé M, Ferrer I. Target genes of neuron-restrictive silencer factor are abnormally up-regulated in human myotilinopathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 171:1312-23. [PMID: 17823282 PMCID: PMC1988880 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.070520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Myotilinopathy is a subgroup of myofibrillar myopathies caused by mutations in the myotilin gene in which there is aggregation of abnormal cytoskeletal proteins and ubiquitin. We report here on the accumulation of neuron-related proteins such as ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), synaptosomal-associated protein 25, synaptophysin, and alpha-internexin in aberrant protein aggregates in myotilinopathy. We have determined that the neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF)/RE1 silencing transcription factor (REST), a transcription factor expressed in non-neuronal tissues repressing the expression of several neuronal genes, is reduced in myotilinopathies. Moreover, NRSF transfection reduces UCHL1, synaptosomal-associated protein 25, synaptophysin, and alpha-internexin mRNA levels in DMS53 cells, whereas short interferring NRSF transfection increases UCHL1 and synaptophysin mRNA levels in U87-MG cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays have shown that NRSF interacts with the UCHL1 promoter in U87-MG and HeLa cells. In silico analysis of the UCHL1 gene promoter sequence using the MatInspector software has predicted three potential neuron-restrictive silencer elements (NRSEs): NRSE1 located in the complementary DNA chain and NRSE2 and NRSE3 in intron 1, in the coding and complementary chains, respectively. Together, these findings show, for the first time, abnormal regulation of NRSF/REST as a mechanism associated with the aberrant expression of selected neuron-related proteins, which in turn accumulate in abnormal protein aggregates, in myotilinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Barrachina
- Institut de Neuropatologia, Servei Anatomia Patològica, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, carrer Feixa Llarga sn, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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Bergman JEH, Veenstra-Knol HE, van Essen AJ, van Ravenswaaij CMA, den Dunnen WFA, van den Wijngaard A, van Tintelen JP. Two related Dutch families with a clinically variable presentation of cardioskeletal myopathy caused by a novel S13F mutation in the desmin gene. Eur J Med Genet 2007; 50:355-66. [PMID: 17720647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Desmin-related myopathy is characterised by skeletal muscle weakness often combined with cardiac involvement. Mutations in the desmin gene have been described as a cause of desmin-related myopathy (OMIM 601419). We report here on two distantly related Dutch families with autosomal dominant inheritance of desmin-related myopathy affecting 15 family members. A highly heterogeneous clinical picture is apparent, varying from isolated dilated cardiomyopathy to a more generalised skeletal myopathy and mild respiratory problems. Morphological analysis of muscle biopsies revealed intracytoplasmic desmin aggregates (desmin and p62 staining). In both families we identified an identical novel pathogenic heterozygous missense mutation, S13F, in the 'head' domain of the desmin gene which cosegregates with the disease phenotype. This is the 5th reported missense mutation located at the 'head' domain of the desmin gene and the first reported Dutch family with desmin-related myopathy. This article illustrates the importance of analysing the desmin gene in patients with (familial) cardiac conduction disease, dilated cardiomyopathy and/or a progressive skeletal myopathy resembling limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorieke E H Bergman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Post Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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45
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Taylor MRG, Slavov D, Ku L, Di Lenarda A, Sinagra G, Carniel E, Haubold K, Boucek MM, Ferguson D, Graw SL, Zhu X, Cavanaugh J, Sucharov CC, Long CS, Bristow MR, Lavori P, Mestroni L. Prevalence of Desmin Mutations in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2007; 115:1244-51. [PMID: 17325244 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.646778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desmin-related myofibrillar myopathy (DRM) is a cardiac and skeletal muscle disease caused by mutations in the desmin (DES) gene. Mutations in the central 2B domain of DES cause skeletal muscle disease that typically precedes cardiac involvement. However, the prevalence of DES mutations in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) without skeletal muscle disease is not known. METHODS AND RESULTS Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography was used to screen DES for mutations in 116 DCM families from the Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy Registry and in 309 subjects with DCM from the Beta-Blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial (BEST). DES mutations were transfected into SW13 and human smooth muscle cells and neonatal rat cardiac myocytes, and the effects on cytoskeletal desmin network architecture were analyzed with confocal microscopy. Five novel missense DES mutations, including the first localized to the highly conserved 1A domain, were detected in 6 subjects (1.4%). Transfection of DES mutations in the 2B domain severely disrupted the fine intracytoplasmic staining of desmin, causing clumping of the desmin protein. A tail domain mutation (Val459Ile) showed milder effects on desmin cytoplasmic network formation and appears to be a low-penetrant mutation restricted to black subjects. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of DES mutations in DCM is between 1% and 2%, and mutations in the 1A helical domain, as well as the 2B rod domain, are capable of causing a DCM phenotype. The lack of severe disruption of cytoskeletal desmin network formation seen with mutations in the 1A and tail domains suggests that dysfunction of seemingly intact desmin networks is sufficient to cause DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R G Taylor
- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colo, USA.
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Marian AJ, Willerson JT. Cardiac Involvement in Skeletal Myopathies and Neuromuscular Disorders. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-84628-715-2_115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Yuri T, Miki K, Tsukamoto R, Shinde A, Kusaka H, Tsubura A. Autopsy case of desminopathy involving skeletal and cardiac muscle. Pathol Int 2007; 57:32-6. [PMID: 17199740 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2007.02053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Desminopathy is a familial or sporadic skeletal and cardiac muscular dystrophy caused by mutation in the desmin gene. Desmin-reactive deposits in the affected muscles are the morphological hallmarks of this disease. Herein is reported an autopsy case of a 57-year-old Japanese man with adult-onset skeletal muscle weakness and atrioventricular (A-V) conducting block, with a missense A337P mutation in exon 5 of the desmin gene. Disease onset occurred when the patient was 45 years old. The initial presentation was lower limb weakness, and the weakness progressed to the upper limbs. When the patient was 51 years old, a cardiac pacemaker was implanted due to complete A-V block. When the patient was 53 years old, respiratory insufficiency occurred due to weakness of respiratory muscles, and the patient died at the age of 57 years. On autopsy, intrasarcoplasmic desmin-immunoreactive deposits were identified in the skeletal and cardiac muscle, and abnormal accumulations of granulofilamentous material were identified at the ultrastructural level. In the cardiac conducting system, calcification was observed at the bundle of His, and sporadic calcium deposits were observed at the left and right bundle branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yuri
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka, Japan
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Arbustini E, Pasotti M, Pilotto A, Pellegrini C, Grasso M, Previtali S, Repetto A, Bellini O, Azan G, Scaffino M, Campana C, Piccolo G, Viganò M, Tavazzi L. Desmin accumulation restrictive cardiomyopathy and atrioventricular block associated with desmin gene defects. Eur J Heart Fail 2006; 8:477-83. [PMID: 16376610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2005.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2005] [Accepted: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary desminopathies are caused by desmin gene [DES (MIM*125660)] mutations. The clinical spectrum includes pure myopathies, cardiomuscular diseases and cardiomyopathies. Patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) plus atrioventricular block (AVB) due to DES defects are frequently unrecognized unless desmin accumulation is specifically investigated in endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) by ultrastructural study. AIMS To describe a cardiological phenotype characterized by RCM plus AVB due to desmin accumulation caused by DES defects. METHODS AND RESULTS Desmin accumulation was diagnosed by means of ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies of EMB in four unrelated probands with RCM and AVB. Candidate genes [DES and alphaB-crystallin (CRYAB)] were screened using sequence analysis. Four DES gene mutations were identified: three new (R16C, T453I and a 10 bp deletion at the exon-intron boundary of exon 3 disrupting the donor splice site) and one known (R406W). The disease was autosomal dominant in two families, recessive in one and associated with a de novo mutation in one. The mutations cosegregated with phenotype in all patients. CRYAB gene screening was negative. CONCLUSIONS A cardiac phenotype characterized by RCM and AVB caused by desmin accumulation is associated with DES mutations. Although the mutations affected different domains, the cardiac phenotype was identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Arbustini
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E Saffitz
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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Scola RH, Trentin AJ, Vaez R, Gignon VDF, Costa TG, Werneck LC. [Spheroid body myopathy: case report]. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2005; 63:332-4. [PMID: 16100986 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2005000200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Spheroid body myopathy is a rare illness classified in the group of the congenital myopathies as a desmin-related neuromuscular disorder, presenting dominant autosomical origin with the beginning of the symptoms in the adult phase. We report on a seven years old girl with facial paresia, generalized muscular hypotrophy and hypotony, generalized deep areflexia, proximal upper and lower limbs muscular strengh and distal upper limbs grade 3 and distal lower limbs grade 1. Needle electromyography evidenced increased conscription and potentials of motor unit of short duration and low amplitude, characterizing a myopathic standard. The muscle biopsy disclosed mixed standard to myopathy, denervation and inclusion bodies that are consistent to spheroid body myopathy. In this case, the patient presented, in advance, early beginning of the symptoms and there are no similar cases in the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Hermínia Scola
- Setor de Doenças Neuromusculares, Serviço de Neurologia e Disciplina de Propedêutica Médica do Departamento de Clínica Médica do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (HC-UFPR), Curitiba PR, Brasil.
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