1
|
Ishiguro T, Kasuga K. Alzheimer's Disease-Related Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Brain Sci 2024; 14:859. [PMID: 39335355 PMCID: PMC11430815 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14090859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is the most common four-repeat tauopathy. PSP cases are typically characterized by vertical gaze palsy and postural instability; however, various phenotypes have been reported, making antemortem diagnosis based on clinical symptoms challenging. The development of biomarkers reflecting brain pathology and the ability to diagnose patients based on these biomarkers are essential for developing future intervention strategies, including disease-modifying therapies. However, despite many dedicated efforts, no highly specific fluid biomarker for PSP has yet been established. Conversely, several cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) have been established, and an AT(N) classification system has been proposed. Typically, among patients with AD, CSF amyloid β42 (Aβ42), but not Aβ40, is decreased, resulting in a reduction in the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, while tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) and total tau (t-tau) are increased. Interestingly, the core CSF AD biomarkers show unique patterns in patients with PSP. Furthermore, reports have indicated that the CSF levels of both Aβ42 and Aβ40 are decreased independently of Aβ accumulation in PSP. Therefore, the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio could potentially be used to differentiate PSP from AD. Additionally, studies have reported that CSF p-tau and t-tau are reduced in PSP, and that the neurofilament light chain is remarkably increased compared to healthy controls and patients with AD, even though PSP is a neurodegenerative disease associated with tau accumulation. These PSP-specific changes in AD-related core biomarkers may reflect the pathology of PSP and contribute to its diagnosis. As such, elucidating the mechanisms underlying the observed decreases in Aβ and tau levels could facilitate a better understanding of the pathogenesis of PSP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Ishiguro
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kensaku Kasuga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Giagkou N, Kapsali I, Brinia ME, Constantinides VC. Cerebrospinal Fluid Total and Phosphorylated Tau Protein in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, Corticobasal Syndrome and Non-Fluent Agrammatic Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1781. [PMID: 39200244 PMCID: PMC11351341 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a generic term which refers to multiple pathologies, including FTLD-tau. The most common FTLD-tau diseases are Pick's disease (PiD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). These diseases share four major syndromes: behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFD), Richardson syndrome (RS), corticobasal syndrome (CBS) and non-fluent agrammatic primary progressive aphasia (nfa-PPA). The primary aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the diagnostic performance of CSF total (t-tau) and phosphorylated (p-tau) protein in bvFTD, RS, CBS, nfa-PPA and pathologically or genetically defined tauopathy. (2) Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed on all studies with >10 subjects in a bvFTD/RS/CBS/nfa-PPA group and control group and available data on CSF t-tau or p-tau (mean, SD). Cohen's d was used to quantify the effect size of each study (3) Results: The PSP/tauopathy patients exhibited decreased levels of CSF p-tau compared to the control subjects. The CBS/bvFTD/nfa-PPA cohorts exhibited an increase in t-tau compared to the control groups. (4) Conclusions: Tauopathies may exhibit an inherent decrease in CSF p-tau. The admixture of AD patients in FTD cohorts and high heterogeneity among studies on rare diseases are significant confounding factors in FTLD studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Giagkou
- Neurodegenerative Disorders and Epilepsy Ward, First Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece (I.K.); (M.-E.B.)
| | - Ioanna Kapsali
- Neurodegenerative Disorders and Epilepsy Ward, First Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece (I.K.); (M.-E.B.)
| | - Maria-Evgenia Brinia
- Neurodegenerative Disorders and Epilepsy Ward, First Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece (I.K.); (M.-E.B.)
| | - Vasilios C. Constantinides
- Neurodegenerative Disorders and Epilepsy Ward, First Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece (I.K.); (M.-E.B.)
- Neurochemistry and Biomarkers Unit, First Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Singh NA, Alnobani A, Graff‐Radford J, Machulda MM, Mielke MM, Schwarz CG, Senjem ML, Jack CR, Lowe VJ, Kanekiyo T, Josephs KA, Whitwell JL. Relationships between PET and blood plasma biomarkers in corticobasal syndrome. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:4765-4774. [PMID: 38885334 PMCID: PMC11247700 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) can result from underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies. Little is known about the utility of blood plasma metrics to predict positron emission tomography (PET) biomarker-confirmed AD in CBS. METHODS A cohort of eighteen CBS patients (8 amyloid beta [Aβ]+; 10 Aβ-) and 8 cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals underwent PET imaging and plasma analysis. Plasma concentrations were compared using a Kruskal-Wallis test. Spearman correlations assessed relationships between plasma concentrations and PET uptake. RESULTS CBS Aβ+ group showed a reduced Aβ42/40 ratio, with elevated phosphorylated tau (p-tau)181, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NfL) concentrations, while CBS Aβ- group only showed elevated NfL concentration compared to CU. Both p-tau181 and GFAP were able to differentiate CBS Aβ- from CBS Aβ+ and showed positive associations with Aβ and tau PET uptake. DISCUSSION This study supports use of plasma p-tau181 and GFAP to detect AD in CBS. NfL shows potential as a non-specific disease biomarker of CBS regardless of underlying pathology. HIGHLIGHTS Plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau)181 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) concentrations differentiate corticobasal syndrome (CBS) amyloid beta (Aβ)- from CBS Aβ+. Plasma neurofilament light concentrations are elevated in CBS Aβ- and Aβ+ compared to controls. Plasma p-tau181 and GFAP concentrations were associated with Aβ and tau positron emission tomography (PET) uptake. Aβ42/40 ratio showed a negative correlation with Aβ PET uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alla Alnobani
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Mary M. Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Michelle M. Mielke
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionWake Forest UniversityWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Val J. Lowe
- Department of RadiologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zou Y, Yu S, Ma X, Ma C, Mao C, Mu D, Li L, Gao J, Qiu L. How far is the goal of applying β-amyloid in cerebrospinal fluid for clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease with standardization of measurements? Clin Biochem 2023; 112:33-42. [PMID: 36473516 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β-amyloid (Aβ) is important for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the cohort distributions and cut-off values have large variation across different analytical assays, kits, and laboratories. In this review, we summarize the cut-off values and diagnostic performance for CSF Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40, and explore the important effect factors. Based on the Alzheimer's Association external quality control program (AAQC program), the peer group coefficient of variation of manual ELISA assays for CSF Aβ1-42 was unsatisfied (>20%). Fully automated platforms with better performance have recently been developed, but still not widely applied. In 2020, the certified reference material (CRM) for CSF Aβ1-42 was launched; however, the AAQC 2021-round results did not show effective improvements. Thus, further development and popularization of CRM for CSF Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 are urgently required. Standardizing the diagnostic procedures of AD and related status and the pre-analytical protocols of CSF samples, improving detection performance of analytical assays, and popularizing the application of fully automated platforms are also important for the establishment of uniform cut-off values. Moreover, each laboratory should verify the applicability of uniform cut-off values, and evaluate whether it is necessary to establish its own population- and assay-specific cut-off values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Songlin Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Science Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chaochao Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chenhui Mao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Danni Mu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Ling Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wagner M, Lorenz G, Volk AE, Brunet T, Edbauer D, Berutti R, Zhao C, Anderl-Straub S, Bertram L, Danek A, Deschauer M, Dill V, Fassbender K, Fliessbach K, Götze KS, Jahn H, Kornhuber J, Landwehrmeyer B, Lauer M, Obrig H, Prudlo J, Schneider A, Schroeter ML, Uttner I, Vukovich R, Wiltfang J, Winkler AS, Zhou Q, Ludolph AC, Oexle K, Otto M, Diehl-Schmid J, Winkelmann J. Clinico-genetic findings in 509 frontotemporal dementia patients. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5824-5832. [PMID: 34561610 PMCID: PMC8758482 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. To which extent genetic aberrations dictate clinical presentation remains elusive. We investigated the spectrum of genetic causes and assessed the genotype-driven differences in biomarker profiles, disease severity and clinical manifestation by recruiting 509 FTD patients from different centers of the German FTLD consortium where individuals were clinically assessed including biomarker analysis. Exome sequencing as well as C9orf72 repeat analysis were performed in all patients. These genetic analyses resulted in a diagnostic yield of 18.1%. Pathogenic variants in C9orf72 (n = 47), GRN (n = 26), MAPT (n = 11), TBK1 (n = 5), FUS (n = 1), TARDBP (n = 1), and CTSF (n = 1) were identified across all clinical subtypes of FTD. TBK1-associated FTD was frequent accounting for 5.4% of solved cases. Detection of a homozygous missense variant verified CTSF as an FTD gene. ABCA7 was identified as a candidate gene for monogenic FTD. The distribution of APOE alleles did not differ significantly between FTD patients and the average population. Male sex was weakly associated with clinical manifestation of the behavioral variant of FTD. Age of onset was lowest in MAPT patients. Further, high CSF neurofilament light chain levels were found to be related to GRN-associated FTD. Our study provides large-scale retrospective clinico-genetic data such as on disease manifestation and progression of FTD. These data will be relevant for counseling patients and their families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matias Wagner
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University München, Munich, Germany ,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Georg Lorenz
- grid.15474.330000 0004 0477 2438Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander E. Volk
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Brunet
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Edbauer
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.452617.3Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Riccardo Berutti
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University München, Munich, Germany ,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chen Zhao
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Anderl-Straub
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lars Bertram
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Adrian Danek
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XNeurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Deschauer
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Dill
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Clinic and Policlinic for Internal Medicine III, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fassbender
- grid.411937.9Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina S. Götze
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Clinic and Policlinic for Internal Medicine III, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Jahn
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Lauer
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hellmuth Obrig
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.411339.d0000 0000 8517 9062Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Prudlo
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias L. Schroeter
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.411339.d0000 0000 8517 9062Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Uttner
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ruth Vukovich
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany ,grid.7311.40000000123236065Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andrea S. Winkler
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Qihui Zhou
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.452617.3Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Albert C. Ludolph
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Konrad Oexle
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany. .,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany. .,Chair of Neurogenetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Rahman MS, Behl T, Jeandet P, Ashraf GM, Najda A, Bin-Jumah MN, El-Seedi HR, Abdel-Daim MM. Revisiting the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis: From Anti-Aβ Therapeutics to Auspicious New Ways for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165858. [PMID: 32824102 PMCID: PMC7461598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder related to age, characterized by the cerebral deposition of fibrils, which are made from the amyloid-β (Aβ), a peptide of 40–42 amino acids. The conversion of Aβ into neurotoxic oligomeric, fibrillar, and protofibrillar assemblies is supposed to be the main pathological event in AD. After Aβ accumulation, the clinical symptoms fall out predominantly due to the deficient brain clearance of the peptide. For several years, researchers have attempted to decline the Aβ monomer, oligomer, and aggregate levels, as well as plaques, employing agents that facilitate the reduction of Aβ and antagonize Aβ aggregation, or raise Aβ clearance from brain. Unluckily, broad clinical trials with mild to moderate AD participants have shown that these approaches were unsuccessful. Several clinical trials are running involving patients whose disease is at an early stage, but the preliminary outcomes are not clinically impressive. Many studies have been conducted against oligomers of Aβ which are the utmost neurotoxic molecular species. Trials with monoclonal antibodies directed against Aβ oligomers have exhibited exciting findings. Nevertheless, Aβ oligomers maintain equivalent states in both monomeric and aggregation forms; so, previously administered drugs that precisely decrease Aβ monomer or Aβ plaques ought to have displayed valuable clinical benefits. In this article, Aβ-based therapeutic strategies are discussed and several promising new ways to fight against AD are appraised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +880-171-022-0110
| | - Md. Tanvir Kabir
- Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Sohanur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh;
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India;
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France;
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Laboratory of Quality of Vegetables and Medicinal Plants, Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - May N. Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom 32512, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rösler TW, Costa M, Höglinger GU. Disease-modifying strategies in primary tauopathies. Neuropharmacology 2019; 167:107842. [PMID: 31704274 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative brain diseases that are characterized by the formation of intraneuronal inclusions containing the microtubule-associated protein tau. This major hallmark defines tau pathology which is predominant in primary tauopathies, while in secondary forms additional driving forces are involved. In the course of the disease, different brain areas degenerate and lead to severe defects of language, behavior and movement. Although neuropathologically heterogeneous, primary tauopathies share a common feature, which is the generation of abnormal tau species that aggregate and progress into filamentous deposits in neurons. Mechanisms that are involved in this disease-related process offer a broad range of targets for disease-modifying therapeutics. The present review provides an up-to-date overview of currently known targets in primary tauopathies and their possible therapeutic modulation. It is structured into four major targets, the post-translational modifications of tau and tau aggregation, protein homeostasis, disease propagation, and tau genetics. Chances, as well as obstacles in the development of effective therapies are highlighted. Some therapeutic strategies, e.g., passive or active immunization, have already reached clinical development, raising hopes for affected patients. Other concepts, e.g., distinct modulators of proteostasis, are at the ready to be developed into promising future therapies. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'The Quest for Disease-Modifying Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Rösler
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany; Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Márcia Costa
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany; Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany; Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Constantinides VC, Paraskevas GP, Paraskevas PG, Stefanis L, Kapaki E. Corticobasal degeneration and corticobasal syndrome: A review. Clin Park Relat Disord 2019; 1:66-71. [PMID: 34316603 PMCID: PMC8288513 DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder. The most common presentation of CBD is the corticobasal syndrome (CBS), which is a constellation of cortical and extrapyramidal symptoms and signs. Clinical-pathological studies have illustrated that CBD can present with diverse clinical phenotypes, including a non-fluent, agrammatic primary progressive aphasia syndrome, a behavioral, dysexecutive and visuospatial syndrome, as well as a progressive supranuclear palsy-like syndrome. Conversely, multiple pathologies, such as CBD, Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy may underlie a patient with CBS. This clinical-pathological overlap emphasizes the need for biomarkers that will assist in the accurate diagnosis of patients with CBS. This review presents an overview of the pathological, genetic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of CBD, with an emphasis on the imaging (structural and functional) and biochemical (cerebrospinal fluid) biomarkers of CBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios C. Constantinides
- 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, Greece
| | - George P. Paraskevas
- 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, Greece
| | - Panagiotis G. Paraskevas
- Department of Nursing, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, School of Health and Welfare Services, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Kapaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rösler TW, Tayaranian Marvian A, Brendel M, Nykänen NP, Höllerhage M, Schwarz SC, Hopfner F, Koeglsperger T, Respondek G, Schweyer K, Levin J, Villemagne VL, Barthel H, Sabri O, Müller U, Meissner WG, Kovacs GG, Höglinger GU. Four-repeat tauopathies. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 180:101644. [PMID: 31238088 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein with versatile functions in the dynamic assembly of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Four-repeat (4R-) tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases defined by cytoplasmic inclusions predominantly composed of tau protein isoforms with four microtubule-binding domains. Progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, argyrophilic grain disease or glial globular tauopathy belong to the group of 4R-tauopathies. The present review provides an introduction in the current concept of 4R-tauopathies, including an overview of the neuropathological and clinical spectrum of these diseases. It describes the genetic and environmental etiological factors, as well as the contemporary knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms, including post-translational modifications, aggregation and fragmentation of tau, as well as the role of protein degradation mechanisms. Furthermore, current theories about disease propagation are discussed, involving different extracellular tau species and their cellular release and uptake mechanisms. Finally, molecular diagnostic tools for 4R-tauopathies, including tau-PET and fluid biomarkers, and investigational therapeutic strategies are presented. In summary, we report on 4R-tauopathies as overarching disease concept based on a shared pathophysiological concept, and highlight the challenges and opportunities on the way towards a causal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Rösler
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Amir Tayaranian Marvian
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Niko-Petteri Nykänen
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Höllerhage
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sigrid C Schwarz
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Koeglsperger
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gesine Respondek
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schweyer
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Dept. of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Dept. of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Müller
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- Service de Neurologie, CHU Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Dept. of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fernández-Eulate G, Alberro A, Muñoz-Culla M, Zulaica M, Zufiría M, Barandiarán M, Etxeberria I, Yanguas JJ, Gallardo MM, Soberón N, Lacosta AM, Pérez-Grijalba V, Canudas J, Fandos N, Pesini P, Sarasa M, Indakoetxea B, Moreno F, Vergara I, Otaegui D, Blasco M, López de Munain A. Blood Markers in Healthy-Aged Nonagenarians: A Combination of High Telomere Length and Low Amyloidβ Are Strongly Associated With Healthy Aging in the Oldest Old. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:380. [PMID: 30546303 PMCID: PMC6280560 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many factors may converge in healthy aging in the oldest old, but their association and predictive power on healthy or functionally impaired aging has yet to be demonstrated. By detecting healthy aging and in turn, poor aging, we could take action to prevent chronic diseases associated with age. We conducted a pilot study comparing results of a set of markers (peripheral blood mononuclear cell or PBMC telomere length, circulating Aβ peptides, anti-Aβ antibodies, and ApoE status) previously associated with poor aging or cognitive deterioration, and their combinations, in a cohort of “neurologically healthy” (both motor and cognitive) nonagenarians (n = 20) and functionally impaired, institutionalized nonagenarians (n = 38) recruited between 2014 and 2015. We recruited 58 nonagenarians (41 women, 70.7%; mean age: 92.37 years in the neurologically healthy group vs. 94.13 years in the functionally impaired group). Healthy nonagenarians had significantly higher mean PBMC telomere lengths (mean = 7, p = 0.001), this being inversely correlated with functional impairment, and lower circulating Aβ40 (total in plasma fraction or TP and free in plasma fraction or FP), Aβ42 (TP and FP) and Aβ17 (FP) levels (FP40 131.35, p = 0.004; TP40 299.10, p = 0.007; FP42 6.29, p = 0.009; TP42 22.53, p = 0.019; FP17 1.32 p = 0.001; TP17 4.47, p = 0.3), after adjusting by age. Although healthy nonagenarians had higher anti-Aβ40 antibody levels (net adsorbed signal or NAS ± SD: 0.211 ± 0.107), the number of participants that pass the threshold (NAS > 3) to be considered as positive did not show such a strong association. There was no association with ApoE status. Additionally, we propose a “Composite Neurologically Healthy Aging Score” combining TP40 and mean PBMC telomere length, the strongest correlation of measured biomarkers with neurologically healthy status in nonagenarians (AUC = 0.904).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Fernández-Eulate
- Department of Neurology, Donostia Universitary Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.,Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Alberro
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maider Muñoz-Culla
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Miren Zulaica
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mónica Zufiría
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Myriam Barandiarán
- Department of Neurology, Donostia Universitary Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.,Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Igone Etxeberria
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Maria Mercedes Gallardo
- Telomeres & Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nora Soberón
- Telomeres & Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Begoña Indakoetxea
- Department of Neurology, Donostia Universitary Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fermin Moreno
- Department of Neurology, Donostia Universitary Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Itziar Vergara
- Primary Health Area, Biodonostia Institute, San Sebastián, Spain.,Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network, REDISSEC, Bilbao, Spain
| | - David Otaegui
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maria Blasco
- Telomeres & Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Department of Neurology, Donostia Universitary Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain.,Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu C, Chyr J, Zhao W, Xu Y, Ji Z, Tan H, Soto C, Zhou X. Genome-Wide Association and Mechanistic Studies Indicate That Immune Response Contributes to Alzheimer's Disease Development. Front Genet 2018; 9:410. [PMID: 30319691 PMCID: PMC6166008 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Although genome-wide association study (GWAS) have reported hundreds of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes linked to AD, the mechanisms about how these SNPs modulate the development of AD remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed GWAS for three traits in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and one clinical trait in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. Our analysis identified five most significant AD related SNPs (FDR < 0.05) within or proximal to APOE, APOC1, and TOMM40. One of the SNPs was co-inherited with APOE allele 4, which is the most important genetic risk factor for AD. Three of the five SNPs were located in promoter or enhancer regions, and transcription factor (TF) binding affinity calculations showed dramatic changes (| Log2FC| > 2) of three TFs (PLAG1, RREB1, and ZBTB33) for two motifs containing SNPs rs2075650 and rs157580. In addition, our GWAS showed that both rs2075650 and rs157580 were significantly associated with the poliovirus receptor-related 2 (PVRL2) gene (FDR < 0.25), which is involved in spreading of herpes simplex virus (HSV). The altered regulation of PVRL2 may increase the susceptibility AD patients to HSV and other virus infections of the brain. Our work suggests that AD is a type of immune disorder driven by viral or microbial infections of the brain during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changan Liu
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jacqueline Chyr
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Weiling Zhao
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yungang Xu
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhiwei Ji
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hua Tan
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Claudio Soto
- Department of Neurology, The George and Cynthia W Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Other Brain Related Illnesses, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ali F, Josephs K. The diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy: current opinions and challenges. Expert Rev Neurother 2018; 18:603-616. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2018.1489241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Ali
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Keith Josephs
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Clinical value of CSF amyloid-beta-42 and tau proteins in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1373-1379. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid for synucleinopathies, tauopathies, and other neurodegenerative disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 146:99-113. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804279-3.00007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
15
|
Whitwell JL, Ahlskog JE, Tosakulwong N, Senjem ML, Spychalla AJ, Petersen RC, Jack CR, Lowe VJ, Josephs KA. Pittsburgh Compound B and AV-1451 positron emission tomography assessment of molecular pathologies of Alzheimer's disease in progressive supranuclear palsy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017; 48:3-9. [PMID: 29254665 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about Alzheimer's disease molecular proteins, beta-amyloid and paired helical filament (PHF) tau, in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Recent techniques have been developed to allow for investigations of these proteins in PSP. We determined the frequency of beta-amyloid deposition in PSP, and whether beta-amyloid deposition in PSP is associated with PHF-tau deposition pattern, or clinical features. METHODS Thirty probable PSP participants underwent MRI, [18F]AV-1451 PET and Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) PET. Apolipoprotein (APOE) genotyping was also performed. A global PiB standard-uptake value ratio (SUVR) was calculated. AV-1451 SUVRs were calculated for a set of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related regions and a set of PSP-related regions. Voxel-level analyses were conducted to assess for differences in AV-1451 uptake patterns and MRI atrophy between PiB(+) and PiB(-) cases compared to 60 normal PiB(-) controls. Statistical testing for correlations and associations between variables of interest were also performed. RESULTS Twelve subjects (40%) showed beta-amyloid deposition. Higher PiB SUVR correlated with older age but not with AV-1451 SUVR in the AD- or PSP-related regions. Higher AV-1451 SUVR in AD-related regions was associated with higher AV-1451 SUVR in PSP-related regions. We found little evidence for beta-amyloid related differences in clinical metrics, proportion of APOE e4 carriers, pattern of AV-1451 uptake, or pattern of atrophy. CONCLUSION Beta-amyloid deposition occurs in a relatively high proportion of PSP subjects. Unlike in Alzheimer's disease, however, there is little evidence that beta-amyloid, and PHF-tau, play a significant role in neurodegeneration in PSP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - J Eric Ahlskog
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nirubol Tosakulwong
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Matthew L Senjem
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | | | - Clifford R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Keith A Josephs
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Copani A. The underexplored question of β-amyloid monomers. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 817:71-75. [PMID: 28577967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Conceived more than 25 years ago, the amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease has evolved to accommodate new findings, namely different forms of β-amyloid aggregates and downstream dysfunctions. Yet, the cascade does not mention its very beginning, the β-amyloid monomer. Here, I will discuss the monomer from a functional evolutionary perspective, highlighting the potential advantages of a native unfolded state that, however, involves an amyloidogenic risk. Finally, I will make a summary of what is known about its functional role in the brain and discuss the implications of its conceivable shortage in the development of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Copani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wagshal D, Sankaranarayanan S, Guss V, Hall T, Berisha F, Lobach I, Karydas A, Voltarelli L, Scherling C, Heuer H, Tartaglia MC, Miller Z, Coppola G, Ahlijanian M, Soares H, Kramer JH, Rabinovici GD, Rosen HJ, Miller BL, Meredith J, Boxer AL. Divergent CSF τ alterations in two common tauopathies: Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015; 86:244-50. [PMID: 24899730 PMCID: PMC4256124 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-308004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated CSF τ is considered a biomarker of neuronal injury in newly developed Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) criteria. However, previous studies have failed to detect alterations of τ species in other primary tauopathies. We assessed CSF τ protein abnormalities in AD, a tauopathy with prominent Aβ pathology, and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a primary tauopathy characterised by deposition of four microtubule-binding repeat (4R) τ with minimal Aβ pathology. METHODS 26 normal control (NC), 37 AD, and 24 patients with PSP participated in the study. AD and PSP were matched for severity using the clinical dementia rating sum of boxes (CDR-sb) scores. The INNO BIA AlzBio3 multiplex immunoassay was used to measure CSF Aβ, total τ, and ptau181. Additional, novel ELISAs targeting different N-terminal and central τ epitopes were developed to examine CSF τ components and to investigate interactions between diagnostic group, demographics and genetic variables. RESULTS PSP had lower CSF N-terminal and C-terminal τ concentrations than NC and AD measured with the novel τ ELISAs and the standard AlzBio3 τ and ptau assays. AD had higher total τ and ptau levels than NC and PSP. There was a gender by diagnosis interaction in AD and PSP for most τ species, with lower concentrations for male compared to female patients. CONCLUSIONS CSF τ fragment concentrations are different in PSP compared with AD despite the presence of severe τ pathology and neuronal injury in both disorders. CSF τ concentration likely reflects multiple factors in addition to the degree of neuronal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Wagshal
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Valerie Guss
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tracey Hall
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Flora Berisha
- Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Iryna Lobach
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lisa Voltarelli
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Carole Scherling
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hilary Heuer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA Tanz Center for Research in Neurodegenerative disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zachary Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Holly Soares
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Adam L Boxer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Caillet-Boudin ML, Fernandez-Gomez FJ, Tran H, Dhaenens CM, Buee L, Sergeant N. Brain pathology in myotonic dystrophy: when tauopathy meets spliceopathy and RNAopathy. Front Mol Neurosci 2014; 6:57. [PMID: 24409116 PMCID: PMC3885824 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2013.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy (DM) of type 1 and 2 (DM1 and DM2) are inherited autosomal dominant diseases caused by dynamic and unstable expanded microsatellite sequences (CTG and CCTG, respectively) in the non-coding regions of the genes DMPK and ZNF9, respectively. These mutations result in the intranuclear accumulation of mutated transcripts and the mis-splicing of numerous transcripts. This so-called RNA gain of toxic function is the main feature of an emerging group of pathologies known as RNAopathies. Interestingly, in addition to these RNA inclusions, called foci, the presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in patient brains also distinguishes DM as a tauopathy. Tauopathies are a group of nearly 30 neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by intraneuronal protein aggregates of the microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAPT) in patient brains. Furthermore, a number of neurodegenerative diseases involve the dysregulation of splicing regulating factors and have been characterized as spliceopathies. Thus, myotonic dystrophies are pathologies resulting from the interplay among RNAopathy, spliceopathy, and tauopathy. This review will describe how these processes contribute to neurodegeneration. We will first focus on the tauopathy associated with DM1, including clinical symptoms, brain histology, and molecular mechanisms. We will also discuss the features of DM1 that are shared by other tauopathies and, consequently, might participate in the development of a tauopathy. Moreover, we will discuss the determinants common to both RNAopathies and spliceopathies that could interfere with tau-related neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Caillet-Boudin
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Faculty of Medicine, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institute of Predictive Medicine and Therapeutic Research, Inserm, UMR 837 Lille, France ; University of Lille Nord de France, UDSL Lille, France
| | - Francisco-Jose Fernandez-Gomez
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Faculty of Medicine, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institute of Predictive Medicine and Therapeutic Research, Inserm, UMR 837 Lille, France ; University of Lille Nord de France, UDSL Lille, France
| | - Hélène Tran
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Faculty of Medicine, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institute of Predictive Medicine and Therapeutic Research, Inserm, UMR 837 Lille, France ; University of Lille Nord de France, UDSL Lille, France
| | - Claire-Marie Dhaenens
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Faculty of Medicine, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institute of Predictive Medicine and Therapeutic Research, Inserm, UMR 837 Lille, France ; University of Lille Nord de France, UDSL Lille, France
| | - Luc Buee
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Faculty of Medicine, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institute of Predictive Medicine and Therapeutic Research, Inserm, UMR 837 Lille, France ; University of Lille Nord de France, UDSL Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Sergeant
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Faculty of Medicine, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institute of Predictive Medicine and Therapeutic Research, Inserm, UMR 837 Lille, France ; University of Lille Nord de France, UDSL Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: a review of current concepts. Neurol Res Int 2013; 2013:576091. [PMID: 23936650 PMCID: PMC3713320 DOI: 10.1155/2013/576091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease (PD-MCI) is common and may be associated with accelerated progression to dementia. Considering the importance of this emerging entity, new diagnostic criteria have recently been proposed. Early recognition and accurate classification of PD-MCI could offer opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions. This review discusses current definitions for PD-MCI, the screening tools used, the pattern of cognitive deficits observed, and the predictors of cognitive decline and transition to Parkinson's Disease Dementia. Emerging biomarkers, which may aid diagnosis, are also explored and the role of novel treatment options is considered.
Collapse
|
20
|
Maarouf CL, Beach TG, Adler CH, Malek-Ahmadi M, Kokjohn TA, Dugger BN, Walker DG, Shill HA, Jacobson SA, Sabbagh MN, Roher AE. Quantitative appraisal of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in neuropathologically diagnosed Parkinson's disease cases lacking Alzheimer's disease pathology. Biomark Insights 2013; 8:19-28. [PMID: 23533154 PMCID: PMC3603385 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s11422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying biomarkers that distinguish Parkinson’s disease (PD) from normal control (NC) individuals has the potential to increase diagnostic sensitivity for the detection of early-stage PD. A previous proteomic study identified potential biomarkers in postmortem ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (V-CSF) from neuropathologically diagnosed PD subjects lacking Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology. In the present study, we assessed these biomarkers as well as p-tau181, Aβ42, and S100B by ELISA in PD (n = 43) and NC (n = 49) cases. The p-tau181/Aβ42 ratio and ApoA-1 showed statistically significant differences between groups. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that p-tau181/Aβ42 had a significant odds ratio: OR = 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.84), P = 0.006. Among the molecules investigated, intriguing correlations were observed that require further investigation. Our results suggest coexistent AD CSF biomarkers within the PD group notwithstanding that it was selected to minimize AD neuropathological lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chera L Maarouf
- The Longtine Center for Neurodegenerative Biochemistry, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu F, Xue ZQ, Deng SH, Kun X, Luo XG, Patrylo PR, Rose GM, Cai H, Struble RG, Cai Y, Yan XX. γ-secretase binding sites in aged and Alzheimer's disease human cerebrum: the choroid plexus as a putative origin of CSF Aβ. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 37:1714-25. [PMID: 23432732 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of β -amyloid (Aβ) peptides, cleavage products of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase-1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase, is a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). γ-Secretase inhibition is a therapeutical anti-Aβ approach, although changes in the enzyme's activity in AD brain are unclear. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ peptides are thought to derive from brain parenchyma and thus may serve as biomarkers for assessing cerebral amyloidosis and anti-Aβ efficacy. The present study compared active γ-secretase binding sites with Aβ deposition in aged and AD human cerebrum, and explored the possibility of Aβ production and secretion by the choroid plexus (CP). The specific binding density of [(3) H]-L-685,458, a radiolabeled high-affinity γ-secretase inhibitor, in the temporal neocortex and hippocampal formation was similar for AD and control cases with similar ages and post-mortem delays. The CP in post-mortem samples exhibited exceptionally high [(3) H]-L-685,458 binding density, with the estimated maximal binding sites (Bmax) reduced in the AD relative to control groups. Surgically resected human CP exhibited APP, BACE1 and presenilin-1 immunoreactivity, and β-site APP cleavage enzymatic activity. In primary culture, human CP cells also expressed these amyloidogenic proteins and released Aβ40 and Aβ42 into the medium. Overall, our results suggest that γ-secretase activity appears unaltered in the cerebrum in AD and is not correlated with regional amyloid plaque pathology. The CP appears to be a previously unrecognised non-neuronal contributor to CSF Aβ, probably at reduced levels in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Kii Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex. JOURNAL OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES 2013; 2013:679089. [PMID: 26316995 PMCID: PMC4437332 DOI: 10.1155/2013/679089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex is classified as one of the tauopathies. Methods. The total tau, phosphorylated tau, and amyloid β42 levels were assayed in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Kii amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (n = 12), Alzheimer's disease (n = 9), Parkinson's disease (n = 9), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (n = 11), and controls (n = 5) using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Results. Total tau and phosphorylated tau did not increase and amyloid β42 was relatively reduced in Kii amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex. Relatively reduced amyloid β42 might discriminate Kii amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, and the ratios of phosphorylated-tau to amyloid β42 could discriminate Kii amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex from Alzheimer's disease. Conclusions. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis may be useful to differentiate amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex from Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Abstract
Movement disorders that are infrequently seen in clinical practice can be difficult to recognize and accurately diagnose. Familiarity with these disorders can help the clinician distinguish them from more common movement disorders, such as Parkinson disease, which is associated with a significantly different prognosis and treatment approach. Rare disorders with predominate parkinsonism include multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration, whereas Huntington disease is the primary movement disorder characterized by chorea. This chapter will provide an overview of the diagnostic, pathologic, and imaging advances from recent literature as well as discuss current treatments for these rare movement disorders.
Collapse
|
25
|
Di Carlo M, Giacomazza D, San Biagio PL. Alzheimer's disease: biological aspects, therapeutic perspectives and diagnostic tools. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:244102. [PMID: 22595372 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/24/244102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among older people. Dementia is an irreversible brain disorder that seriously affects a person's ability to carry out daily activities. It is characterized by loss of cognitive functioning and behavioral abilities, to such an extent that it interferes with the daily life and activities of the affected patients. Although it is still unknown how the disease process begins, it seems that brain damage starts a decade or more before problems become evident. Scientific data seem to indicate that changes in the generation or the degradation of the amyloid-b peptide (Aβ) lead to the formation of aggregated structures that are the triggering molecular events in the pathogenic cascade of AD. This review summarizes some characteristic features of Aβ misfolding and aggregation and how cell damage and death mechanisms are induced by these supramolecular and toxic structures. Further, some interventions for the early diagnosis of AD are described and in the last part the potential therapeutic strategies adoptable to slow down, or better block, the progression of the pathology are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Di Carlo
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare (IBIM), CNR, Palermo, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Padovani A, Benussi A, Ferrari F, Archetti S, Borroni B. Prevalence of cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer disease-like pattern in atypical dementias. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/aad.2012.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
27
|
Litvan I, Aarsland D, Adler CH, Goldman JG, Kulisevsky J, Mollenhauer B, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Tröster AI, Weintraub D. MDS Task Force on mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: critical review of PD-MCI. Mov Disord 2011; 26:1814-24. [PMID: 21661055 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 550] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is controversy regarding the definition and characteristics of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. The Movement Disorder Society commissioned a Task Force to critically evaluate the literature and determine the frequency and characteristics of Parkinson's disease-mild cognitive impairment and its association with dementia. A comprehensive PubMed literature review was conducted using systematic inclusion and exclusion criteria. A mean of 26.7% (range, 18.9%-38.2%) of nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease have mild cognitive impairment. The frequency of Parkinson's disease-mild cognitive impairment increases with age, disease duration, and disease severity. Impairments occur in a range of cognitive domains, but single domain impairment is more common than multiple domain impairment, and within single domain impairment, nonamnestic is more common than amnestic impairment. A high proportion of patients with Parkinson's disease-mild cognitive impairment progress to dementia in a relatively short period of time. The primary conclusions of the Task Force are that: (1) Parkinson's disease-mild cognitive impairment is common, (2) there is significant heterogeneity within Parkinson's disease-mild cognitive impairment in the number and types of cognitive domain impairments, (3) Parkinson's disease-mild cognitive impairment appears to place patients at risk of progressing to dementia, and (4) formal diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease-mild cognitive impairment are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Litvan
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a rare, progressive neurodegenerative disorder with onset in the 5(th) to 7(th) decade of life. It is associated with heterogeneous motor, sensory, behavioral and cognitive symptoms, which make its diagnosis difficult in a living patient. The etiology of CBD is unknown; however, neuropathological and genetic evidence supports a pathogenetic role for microtubule-associated protein tau. CBD pathology is characterized by circumscribed cortical atrophy with spongiosis and ballooned neurons; the distribution of these changes dictates the patient's clinical presentation. Neuronal and glial tau pathology is extensive in gray and white matter of the cortex, basal ganglia, diencephalon and rostral brainstem. Abnormal tau accumulation within astrocytes forms pathognomonic astrocytic plaques. The classic clinical presentation, termed corticobasal syndrome (CBS), comprises asymmetric progressive rigidity and apraxia with limb dystonia and myoclonus. CBS also occurs in conjunction with other diseases, including Alzheimer disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Moreover, the pathology of CBD is associated with clinical presentations other than CBS, including Richardson syndrome, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, primary progressive aphasia and posterior cortical syndrome. Progress in biomarker development to differentiate CBD from other disorders has been slow, but is essential in improving diagnosis and in development of disease-modifying therapies.
Collapse
|
29
|
Kandimalla RJL, S P, BK B, Wani WY, Sharma DR, Grover V, Bhardwaj N, Jain K, Gill KD. Cerebrospinal fluid profile of amyloid β42 (Aβ42), hTau and ubiquitin in North Indian Alzheimer's disease patients. Neurosci Lett 2011; 487:134-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
30
|
Humpel C. Identifying and validating biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Trends Biotechnol 2010; 29:26-32. [PMID: 20971518 PMCID: PMC3016495 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The identification and validation of biomarkers for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other forms of dementia are increasingly important. To date, ELISA measurement of β-amyloid(1–42), total tau and phospho-tau-181 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the most advanced and accepted method to diagnose probable AD with high specificity and sensitivity. However, it is a great challenge to search for novel biomarkers in CSF and blood by using modern potent methods, such as microarrays and mass spectrometry, and to optimize the handling of samples (e.g. collection, transport, processing, and storage), as well as the interpretation using bioinformatics. It seems likely that only a combined analysis of several biomarkers will define a patient-specific signature to diagnose AD in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr. 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cruchaga C, Kauwe JSK, Mayo K, Spiegel N, Bertelsen S, Nowotny P, Shah AR, Abraham R, Hollingworth P, Harold D, Owen MM, Williams J, Lovestone S, Peskind ER, Li G, Leverenz JB, Galasko D, Morris JC, Fagan AM, Holtzman DM, Goate AM. SNPs associated with cerebrospinal fluid phospho-tau levels influence rate of decline in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1001101. [PMID: 20862329 PMCID: PMC2940763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a complex and multifactorial disease. While large genome-wide association studies have had some success in identifying novel genetic risk factors for AD, case-control studies are less likely to uncover genetic factors that influence progression of disease. An alternative approach to identifying genetic risk for AD is the use of quantitative traits or endophenotypes. The use of endophenotypes has proven to be an effective strategy, implicating genetic risk factors in several diseases, including anemia, osteoporosis and heart disease. In this study we identify a genetic factor associated with the rate of decline in AD patients and present a methodology for identification of other such factors. We have used an established biomarker for AD, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (ptau181) levels as an endophenotype for AD, identifying a SNP, rs1868402, in the gene encoding the regulatory sub-unit of protein phosphatase B, associated with CSF ptau181 levels in two independent CSF series . We show no association of rs1868402 with risk for AD or age at onset, but detected a very significant association with rate of progression of disease that is consistent in two independent series . Our analyses suggest that genetic variants associated with CSF ptau181 levels may have a greater impact on rate of progression, while genetic variants such as APOE4, that are associated with CSF Aβ42 levels influence risk and onset but not the rate of progression. Our results also suggest that drugs that inhibit or decrease tau phosphorylation may slow cognitive decline in individuals with very mild dementia or delay the appearance of memory problems in elderly individuals with low CSF Aβ42 levels. Finally, we believe genome-wide association studies of CSF tau/ptau181 levels should identify novel genetic variants which will likely influence rate of progression of AD. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease affecting more than 4.5 million people in the US. Genetic studies of AD have previously identified pathogenic mutations in three genes (APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2) and polymorphisms in APOE as risk factors. These findings have led to a better understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms. However, half of all AD cases have no known genetic risk factors for disease. Most studies are designed to identify variants associated with risk or age at onset, but rarely cover other important facets of AD, such as disease progression or duration. In this study we have used an established AD biomarker (cerebrospinal fluid tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, ptau181) to find genetic variants that influence levels of ptau181 in the cerebrospinal fluid. This novel and powerful approach has allowed us to identify a genetic factor located in the regulatory subunit of the calcineurin that is also strongly associated with rate of progression of AD. This study is important because it defines a strategy to find novel genetic factors influencing different facets of AD pathobiology including risk, onset and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Aerts M, Esselink R, Bloem B, Verbeek M. Cerebrospinal fluid tau and phosphorylated tau protein are elevated in corticobasal syndrome. Mov Disord 2010; 26:169-73. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.23341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
33
|
Giuffrida ML, Caraci F, De Bona P, Pappalardo G, Nicoletti F, Rizzarelli E, Copani A. The monomer state of beta-amyloid: where the Alzheimer's disease protein meets physiology. Rev Neurosci 2010; 21:83-93. [PMID: 20614800 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro.2010.21.2.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
One hundred years of study have identified beta-Amyloid (A beta) as the most interesting feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since the discovery of A beta as the principal component of amyloid plaques, the central challenge in AD research has been the understanding of A beta involvement in the neurodegenerative process of the disease. The ability of A beta to undergo conformational changes and subsequent aggregation has always been a limiting factor in finding out the activities of the peptide. Extensive research has been carried out to study the molecular mechanisms of amyloid self-assembly. The finding that soluble Abeta concentrations in the brain are correlated with the severity of AD, whereas fibrillar density is not /40,42/, has pointed attention toward the oligomeric forms of Abeta, which are generally considered the most toxic and, therefore, the most important species to be addressed. Despite great efforts in basic AD research, none of the currently available treatments is able to treat the devastating effects of the disease, leading to the consideration that there is more to reason than just A beta production and aggregation. Here we summarize the emerging evidence for the physiological functions of A beta, including our recent demonstration that A beta monomers are endowed with neuroprotective activity, and propose that A beta aggregation might contribute to AD pathology through a "loss-of-function" process. Finally, we discuss the current therapeutics targeting the cerebral load of A beta and possible new ones aimed at preserving the biological functions of A beta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Giuffrida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Süssmuth SD, Uttner I, Landwehrmeyer B, Pinkhardt EH, Brettschneider J, Petzold A, Kramer B, Schulz JB, Palm C, Otto M, Ludolph AC, Kassubek J, Tumani H. Differential pattern of brain-specific CSF proteins tau and amyloid-beta in Parkinsonian syndromes. Mov Disord 2010; 25:1284-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.22895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
35
|
Smach MA, Charfeddine B, Othman LB, Lammouchi T, Ltaief A, Nafati S, Dridi H, Bennamou S, Limem K. -1154G/A and -2578C/A polymorphisms of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene in Tunisian Alzheimer patients in relation to beta-amyloid (1-42) and total tau protein. Neurosci Lett 2010; 472:139-42. [PMID: 20138124 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidences indicate that polymorphisms within the promoter region of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene may elevate the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). To further investigate, we have analyzed association between promoter polymorphisms of the VEGF gene in 93 AD patients and age and sex matched 113 controls from Tunisian population. The distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of the VEGF (-2578C/A) and (-1154G/A) polymorphisms did not differ significantly between AD and control groups (p>0.05). In the subgroup of ApoE varepsilon4 carriers, the -2578A was observed to be significantly higher in the AD patients than in the control individuals. After adjusting the data by gender, age and the ApoE varepsilon4 status using logistic regression, the -2578A allele was found to increase the risk for sporadic AD by 1.7-fold. The present study provides the evidence that the -2578A allele may be associated with the development of AD in the individuals with ApoE varepsilon4 allele. In addition, AD patients carrying the -2578A allele had lower Abeta42 (p=0.029) levels than those without this allele, particularly in subjects with ApoE varepsilon4 allele.
Collapse
|
36
|
Nozaki I, Arai M, Takahashi K, Hamaguchi T, Yoshikawa H, Muroishi T, Noguchi-Shinohara M, Ito H, Itokawa M, Akiyama H, Kawata A, Yamada M. Familial ALS with G298S mutation in TARDBP: a comparison of CSF tau protein levels with those in sporadic ALS. Intern Med 2010; 49:1209-12. [PMID: 20558945 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.49.3300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 52-year-old Japanese man showing both upper and lower motor neuron signs with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Analysis of the TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) gene (TARDBP) revealed a glycine-to-serine substitution at position 298 (G298S). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) level of total tau protein (CSF-tau) of our patient was found to be highly elevated compared with those of sporadic ALS cases and controls. The elevated CSF-tau level might be related to the damage of neurons exhibiting a large number of TDP-43 inclusions in familial ALS with this mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Nozaki
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mollenhauer B, Trenkwalder C. Neurochemical biomarkers in the differential diagnosis of movement disorders. Mov Disord 2009; 24:1411-26. [PMID: 19412961 DOI: 10.1002/mds.22510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the neurochemical analysis of neuronal proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has become increasingly accepted for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. CSF surrounds the central nervous system, and in the composition of CSF proteins one finds brain-specific proteins that are prioritized from blood-derived proteins. Levels of specific CSF proteins could be very promising biomarkers for central nervous system diseases. We need the development of more easily accessible biomarkers, in the blood. In neurodegenerative diseases with and without dementia, studies on CSF and blood proteins have investigated the usefulness of biomarkers in differential diagnosis. The clinical diagnoses of Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration still rely mainly on clinical symptoms as defined by international classification criteria. In this article, we review CSF biomarkers in these movement disorders and discuss recent published reports on the neurochemical intra vitam diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders (including recent CSF alpha-synuclein findings).
Collapse
|
38
|
Ikeda T, Noto D, Noguchi-Shinohara M, Ono K, Takahashi K, Ishida C, Yoshita M, Kawaguchi M, Kawahara N, Iwasa K, Tomita K, Yamada M. CSF tau protein is a useful marker for effective treatment of superficial siderosis of the central nervous system: two case reports. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2009; 112:62-4. [PMID: 19747766 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2009.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report two cases of superficial siderosis (SS) of the central nervous system (CNS), which is caused by chronic haemorrhaging into the subarachnoid space with haemosiderin deposition in the superficial portion of the CNS. Patient 1 had fluid collection in the spinal canal, which was reported as the source of the chronic bleeding. Patient 2 was bleeding from thickened dura at the level of the sacral vertebrae. Both of the patients had xanthochromic cerebrospinal fluid. We surgically repaired the sources of bleeding. Subsequently the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cleared and their symptoms were not aggravated for about 1 year. We measured several CSF markers of SS before and after surgery. Total tau protein (CSF-t-tau), phosphorylated tau protein (CSF-p-tau), iron (CSF-iron) and ferritin (CSF-ferritin) in the CSF were highly elevated at diagnosis. After surgery, the levels of CSF-t-tau and CSF-p-tau were markedly reduced while CSF-iron and CSF-ferritin had not decreased. It is suggested that CSF-t-tau and CSF-p-tau reflected the neural damage in SS and were useful to evaluate the effectiveness of SS therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tokuhei Ikeda
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Eller M, Williams DR. Biological fluid biomarkers in neurodegenerative parkinsonism. Nat Rev Neurol 2009; 5:561-70. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2009.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
40
|
Deisenhammer F, Egg R, Giovannoni G, Hemmer B, Petzold A, Sellebjerg F, Teunissen C, Tumani H. EFNS guidelines on disease-specific CSF investigations. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16:760-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
41
|
Constantinescu R, Zetterberg H, Holmberg B, Rosengren L. Levels of brain related proteins in cerebrospinal fluid: An aid in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009; 15:205-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
42
|
Winblad S, Månsson JE, Blennow K, Jensen C, Samuelsson L, Lindberg C. Cerebrospinal fluid tau and amyloid β42 protein in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15:947-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
43
|
CSF β-amyloid 1–42 and tau in Tunisian patients with Alzheimer's disease: The effect of APOE ɛ4 allele. Neurosci Lett 2008; 440:145-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
44
|
|
45
|
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is an atypical Parkinsonian disorder associated with progressive axial rigidity, vertical gaze palsy, dysarthria and dysphagia. Neuropathologically, the subthalamic nucleus and brainstem, especially the midbrain tectum and the superior cerebellar peduncle, show atrophy. The substantia nigra shows loss of pigment corresponding to nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration. Microscopic findings include neuronal loss, gliosis and neurofibrillary tangles in basal ganglia, diencephalon and brainstem. Characteristic tau pathology is also found in glia. The major genetic risk factor for sporadic PSP is a common variant in the gene encoding microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) and recent studies have suggested that this may result in the altered expression of specific tau protein isoforms. Imaging studies suggest that there may be sensitive and specific means to differentiate PSP from other parkinsonian disorders, but identification of a diagnostic biomarker is still elusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mollenhauer B, Bibl M, Esselmann H, Steinacker P, Trenkwalder C, Wiltfang J, Otto M. Tauopathies and synucleinopathies: Do cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid peptides reflect disease-specific pathogenesis? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2007; 114:919-27. [PMID: 17318305 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-007-0629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate variations in amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide pattern in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in neurodegenerative disorders. A recently established quantitative urea-based Abeta-sodium-dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis with western immunoblot (Abeta-SDS-PAGE/immunoblot) revealed a highly conserved Abeta peptide (Abeta1-37, 1-38, 1-39, 1-40, 1-42) pattern in CSF. We asked whether the variation might be useful to further elucidate the overlap between or distinctions among neurodegenerative diseases in Abeta-processing. We used the Abeta-SDS-PAGE/immunoblot to investigate CSF for disease-specific Abeta peptide patterns. CSF samples from 96 patients with mainly clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (n = 15), progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 20), corticobasal degeneration (n = 12), Parkinson's disease (n = 11), multiple systems atrophy (n = 18), and dementia with Lewy-bodies (n = 20) were analysed as well a comparison group (n = 19). The Abeta peptide patterns varied between tauopathies and synucleinopathies and between all diseases and the comparison group, possibly due to the influence of tau and alpha-synuclein on Abeta-processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Mollenhauer
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|