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Katariya R, Mishra K, Sammeta S, Umekar M, Kotagale N, Taksande B. Agmatine mitigates behavioral abnormalities and neurochemical dysregulation associated with 3-Nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington's disease in rats. Neurotoxicology 2024; 102:12-28. [PMID: 38453033 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by a severe motor incoordination, cognitive decline, and psychiatric complications. However, a definitive cure for this devastating disorder remains elusive. Agmatine, a biogenic amine, has gain attention for its reported neuromodulatory and neuroprotective properties. The present study was designed to examine the influence of agmatine on the behavioral, biochemical, and molecular aspects of HD in an animal model. A mitochondrial toxin, 3-nitro propionic acid (3-NP), was used to induce HD phenotype and similar symptoms such as motor incoordination, memory impairment, neuro-inflammation, and depressive-like behavior in rats. Rats were pre-treated with 3-NP (10 mg/kg, i.p.) on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 and then continued on agmatine treatment (5 - 20 µg/rat, i.c.v.) from day-8 to day-27 of the treatment protocol. 3-NP-induced cognitive impairment was associated with declined in agmatine levels within prefrontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. Further, the 3-NP-treated rats showed an increase in IL-6 and TNF-α and a reduction in BDNF immunocontent within these brain areas. Agmatine treatment not only improved the 3-NP-induced motor incoordination, depression-like behavior, rota-rod performance, and learning and memory impairment but also normalized the GABA/glutamate, BDNF, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in discrete brain areas. Similarly, various agmatine modulators, which increase the endogenous agmatine levels in the brain, such as L-arginine (biosynthetic precursor), aminoguanidine (diamine oxidase inhibitor), and arcaine (agmatinase inhibitor) also demonstrated similar effects exhibiting the importance of endogenous agmatinergic pathway in the pathogenesis of 3-NP-induced HD like symptoms. The present study proposed the possible role of agmatine in the pathogenesis and treatment of HD associated motor incoordination, and psychiatric and cognitive complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Katariya
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, M.S. 441 002, India
| | - Kartikey Mishra
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, M.S. 441 002, India
| | - Shivkumar Sammeta
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, M.S. 441 002, India
| | - Milind Umekar
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, M.S. 441 002, India
| | - Nandkishor Kotagale
- Government College of Pharmacy, Kathora Naka, VMV Road, Amravati, M.S. 444604, India
| | - Brijesh Taksande
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, M.S. 441 002, India.
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Alvarez Campano CG, Macleod MJ, Aucott L, Thies F. Marine-derived n-3 fatty acids therapy for stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 6:CD012815. [PMID: 35766825 PMCID: PMC9241930 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012815.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, with stroke burden increasing, there is a need to explore therapeutic options that ameliorate the acute insult. There is substantial evidence of a neuroprotective effect of marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in animal models of stroke, leading to a better functional outcome. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of administration of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs on functional outcomes and dependence in people with stroke. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Stroke Trials Register (last searched 31 May 2021), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2021, Issue 5), MEDLINE Ovid (from 1948 to 31 May 2021), Embase Ovid (from 1980 to 31 May 2021), CINAHL EBSCO (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; from 1982 to 31 May 2021), Science Citation Index Expanded ‒ Web of Science (SCI-EXPANDED), Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science - Web of Science (CPCI-S), and BIOSIS Citation Index. We also searched ongoing trial registers, reference lists, relevant systematic reviews, and used the Science Citation Index Reference Search. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing marine-derived n-3 PUFAs to placebo or open control (no placebo) in people with a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA), or both. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS At least two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, extracted data, assessed risk of bias, and used the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of the body of evidence. We contacted study authors for clarification and additional information on stroke/TIA participants. We conducted random-effects meta-analysis or narrative synthesis, as appropriate. The primary outcome was efficacy (functional outcome) assessed using a validated scale, for example, the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) dichotomised into poor or good clinical outcome, the Barthel Index (higher score is better; scale from 0 to 100), or the Rivermead Mobility Index (higher score is better; scale from 0 to 15). Our secondary outcomes were vascular-related death, recurrent events, incidence of other type of stroke, adverse events, quality of life, and mood. MAIN RESULTS We included 30 RCTs; nine of them provided outcome data (3339 participants). Only one study included participants in the acute phase of stroke (haemorrhagic). Doses of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs ranged from 400 mg/day to 3300 mg/day. Risk of bias was generally low or unclear in most trials, with a higher risk of bias in smaller studies. We assessed results separately for short (up to three months) and longer (more than three months) follow-up studies. Short follow-up (up to three months) Functional outcome was reported in only one pilot study as poor clinical outcome assessed with the GOSE (risk ratio (RR) 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36 to 1.68, P = 0.52; 40 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Mood (assessed with the GHQ-30, lower score better) was reported by only one study and favoured control (mean difference (MD) 1.41, 95% CI 0.07 to 2.75, P = 0.04; 102 participants; low-certainty evidence). We found no evidence of an effect of the intervention for the remainder of the secondary outcomes: vascular-related death (two studies, not pooled due to differences in population, RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.01 to 8.00, P = 0.50, and RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.01 to 7.72, P = 0.49; 142 participants; low-certainty evidence); recurrent events (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.02 to 8.84, P = 0.57; 18 participants; very low-certainty evidence); incidence of other type of stroke (two studies, not pooled due to different type of index stroke, RR 6.11, 95% CI 0.33 to 111.71, P = 0.22, and RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.58, P = 0.32; 58 participants; very low-certainty evidence); and quality of life (physical component, MD -2.31, 95% CI -4.81 to 0.19, P = 0.07, and mental component, MD -2.16, 95% CI -5.91 to 1.59, P = 0.26; 1 study; 102 participants; low-certainty evidence). Adverse events were reported by two studies (57 participants; very low-certainty evidence), one trial reporting extracranial haemorrhage (RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.04 to 1.73, P = 0.16) and the other one reporting bleeding complications (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.01 to 7.35, P = 0.47). Longer follow-up (more than three months) One small trial assessed functional outcome with both the Barthel Index for activities of daily living (MD 7.09, 95% CI -5.16 to 19.34, P = 0.26), and the Rivermead Mobility Index for mobility (MD 1.30, 95% CI -1.31 to 3.91, P = 0.33) (52 participants; very low-certainty evidence). We carried out meta-analysis for vascular-related death (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.35, P = 0.86; 5 studies; 2237 participants; low-certainty evidence) and fatal recurrent events (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.55, P = 0.37; 3 studies; 1819 participants; low-certainty evidence). We found no evidence of an effect of the intervention for mood (MD 1.00, 95% CI -2.07 to 4.07, P = 0.61; 1 study; 14 participants; low-certainty evidence). Incidence of other type of stroke and quality of life were not reported. Adverse events (all combined) were reported by only one study (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.58, P = 0.82; 1455 participants; low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We are very uncertain of the effect of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs therapy on functional outcomes and dependence after stroke as there is insufficient high-certainty evidence. More well-designed RCTs are needed, specifically in acute stroke, to determine the efficacy and safety of the intervention. Studies assessing functional outcome might consider starting the intervention as early as possible after the event, as well as using standardised, clinically relevant measures for functional outcomes, such as the modified Rankin Scale. Optimal doses remain to be determined; delivery forms (type of lipid carriers) and mode of administration (ingestion or injection) also need further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorna Aucott
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Frank Thies
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Morimoto H, Morioka H, Imakiire A, Yamamoto R, Hirato T, Sonoda H, Minami K. Dose-dependent effects of a brain-penetrating iduronate-2-sulfatase on neurobehavioral impairments in mucopolysaccharidosis II mice. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:534-544. [PMID: 35662814 PMCID: PMC9142692 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deposition of heparan sulfate (HS) in the brain of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II) is believed to be the leading cause of neurodegeneration, resulting in several neurological signs and symptoms, including neurocognitive impairment. We recently showed that pabinafusp alfa, a blood-brain-barrier-penetrating fusion protein consisting of iduronate-2-sulfatase and anti-human transferrin receptor antibody, stabilized learning ability by preventing the deposition of HS in the CNS of MPS II mice. We further examined the dose-dependent effect of pabinafusp alfa on neurological function in relation to its HS-reducing efficacy in a mouse model of MPS II. Long-term intravenous treatment with low (0.1 mg/kg), middle (0.5 mg/kg), and high (2.0 mg/kg) doses of the drug dose-dependently decreased HS concentration in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A comparable dose-dependent effect in the prevention of neuronal damage in the CNS, and dose-dependent improvements in neurobehavioral performance tests, such as gait analysis, pole test, Y maze, and Morris water maze, were also observed. Notably, the water maze test performance was inversely correlated with the HS levels in the brain and CSF. This study provides nonclinical evidence substantiating a quantitative dose-dependent relationship between HS reduction in the CNS and neurological improvements in MPS II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Morimoto
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Hiroki Morioka
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Atsushi Imakiire
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yamamoto
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Tohru Hirato
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sonoda
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Minami
- Research Division, JCR Pharmaceuticals, 2-2-9 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
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Chumak T, Lecuyer MJ, Nilsson AK, Faustino J, Ardalan M, Svedin P, Sjöbom U, Ek J, Obenaus A, Vexler ZS, Mallard C. Maternal n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Enriched Diet Commands Fatty Acid Composition in Postnatal Brain and Protects from Neonatal Arterial Focal Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 13:449-461. [PMID: 34674145 PMCID: PMC9046339 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The fetus is strongly dependent on nutrients from the mother, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In adult animals, n-3 PUFA ameliorates stroke-mediated brain injury, but the modulatory effects of different PUFA content in maternal diet on focal arterial stroke in neonates are unknown. This study explored effects of maternal n-3 or n-6 enriched PUFA diets on neonatal stroke outcomes. Pregnant mice were assigned three isocaloric diets until offspring reached postnatal day (P) 10–13: standard, long-chain n-3 PUFA (n-3) or n-6 PUFA (n-6) enriched. Fatty acid profiles in plasma and brain of mothers and pups were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and cytokines/chemokines by multiplex protein analysis. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was induced in P9-10 pups and cytokine and chemokine accumulation, caspase-3 and calpain-dependent spectrin cleavage and brain infarct volume were analyzed. The n-3 diet uniquely altered brain lipid profile in naïve pups. In contrast, cytokine and chemokine levels did not differ between n-3 and n-6 diet in naïve pups. tMCAO triggered accumulation of inflammatory cytokines and caspase-3-dependent and -independent cell death in ischemic-reperfused regions in pups regardless of diet, but magnitude of neuroinflammation and caspase-3 activation were attenuated in pups on n-3 diet, leading to protection against neonatal stroke. In conclusion, maternal/postnatal n-3 enriched diet markedly rearranges neonatal brain lipid composition and modulates the response to ischemia. While standard diet is sufficient to maintain low levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines under physiological conditions, n-3 PUFA enriched diet, but not standard diet, attenuates increases of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in ischemic-reperfused regions and protects from neonatal stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Chumak
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Anders K Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joel Faustino
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Sjöbom
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Ek
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andre Obenaus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Rayasam A, Fukuzaki Y, Vexler ZS. Microglia-leucocyte axis in cerebral ischaemia and inflammation in the developing brain. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 233:e13674. [PMID: 33991400 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of the Central Nervous System (CNS) is reliant on the proper function of numerous intricately orchestrated mechanisms that mature independently, including constant communication between the CNS and the peripheral immune system. This review summarizes experimental knowledge of how cerebral ischaemia in infants and children alters physiological communication between leucocytes, brain immune cells, microglia and the neurovascular unit (NVU)-the "microglia-leucocyte axis"-and contributes to acute and long-term brain injury. We outline physiological development of CNS barriers in relation to microglial and leucocyte maturation and the plethora of mechanisms by which microglia and peripheral leucocytes communicate during postnatal period, including receptor-mediated and intracellular inflammatory signalling, lipids, soluble factors and extracellular vesicles. We focus on the "microglia-leucocyte axis" in rodent models of most common ischaemic brain diseases in the at-term infants, hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) and focal arterial stroke and discuss commonalities and distinctions of immune-neurovascular mechanisms in neonatal and childhood stroke compared to stroke in adults. Given that hypoxic and ischaemic brain damage involve Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation, we discuss the modulatory role of viral and bacterial TLR2/3/4-mediated infection in HIE, perinatal and childhood stroke. Furthermore, we provide perspective of the dynamics and contribution of the axis in cerebral ischaemia depending on the CNS maturational stage at the time of insult, and modulation independently and in consort by individual axis components and in a sex dependent ways. Improved understanding on how to modify crosstalk between microglia and leucocytes will aid in developing age-appropriate therapies for infants and children who suffered cerebral ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Rayasam
- Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | - Yumi Fukuzaki
- Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | - Zinaida S. Vexler
- Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
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Díaz M, Mesa-Herrera F, Marín R. DHA and Its Elaborated Modulation of Antioxidant Defenses of the Brain: Implications in Aging and AD Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060907. [PMID: 34205196 PMCID: PMC8228037 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is perhaps the most pleiotropic molecule in nerve cell biology. This long-chain highly unsaturated fatty acid has evolved to accomplish essential functions ranging from structural components allowing fast events in nerve cell membrane physiology to regulation of neurogenesis and synaptic function. Strikingly, the plethora of DHA effects has to take place within the hostile pro-oxidant environment of the brain parenchyma, which might suggest a molecular suicide. In order to circumvent this paradox, different molecular strategies have evolved during the evolution of brain cells to preserve DHA and to minimize the deleterious effects of its oxidation. In this context, DHA has emerged as a member of the “indirect antioxidants” family, the redox effects of which are not due to direct redox interactions with reactive species, but to modulation of gene expression within thioredoxin and glutathione antioxidant systems and related pathways. Weakening or deregulation of these self-protecting defenses orchestrated by DHA is associated with normal aging but also, more worryingly, with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In the present review, we elaborate on the essential functions of DHA in the brain, including its role as indirect antioxidant, the selenium connection for proper antioxidant function and their changes during normal aging and in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Díaz
- Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSP), Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain
- Unidad Asociada ULL-CSIC “Fisiología y Biofísica de la Membrana Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Tumorales”, 38206 Tenerife, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Fátima Mesa-Herrera
- Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Raquel Marín
- Unidad Asociada ULL-CSIC “Fisiología y Biofísica de la Membrana Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Tumorales”, 38206 Tenerife, Spain;
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain
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Role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in ischemic stroke - A perspective of specialized pro-resolving mediators. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:2974-2987. [PMID: 33509668 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been proposed as beneficial for cardiovascular health. However, results from both epidemiological studies and clinical trials have been inconsistent, whereas most of the animal studies showed promising benefits of PUFAs in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke. In recent years, it has become clear that PUFAs are metabolized into various types of bioactive derivatives, including the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). SPMs exert multiple biofunctions, such as to limit excessive inflammatory responses, regulate lipid metabolism and immune cell functions, decrease production of pro-inflammatory factors, increase anti-inflammatory mediators, as well as to promote tissue repair and homeostasis. Inflammation has been recognised as a key contributor to the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke. Owing to their potent pro-resolving actions, SPMs are potential for development of novel anti-stroke therapy. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge of epidemiological studies, basic research and clinical trials concerning PUFAs in stroke prevention and treatment, with special attention to SPMs as the unsung heroes behind PUFAs.
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Hutanu A, Iancu M, Dobreanu M, Oprea OR, Barbu S, Maier S, Tero-Vescan A, Bajko Z, Balasa R. Extended lipid profile in Romanian ischemic stroke patients in relation to stroke severity and outcome: a path analysis model. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:864-873. [PMID: 34336014 PMCID: PMC8314418 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.89302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our aim was to evaluate the extended lipid profile in ischemic stroke patients and the relationship with stroke type, severity and outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS We prospectively enrolled 124 ischemic stroke patients and 40 healthy controls; baseline plasma and erythrocyte membrane fatty acids concentrations and common lipid profile were analysed. Stroke severity was evaluated by NIHSS on admission, while the functional outcome was defined by mRS at discharge and after 3 months. RESULTS Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, DHA, adrenic, stearic and lauric acid were all lower in patients, taking into account that 87.7% of patients did not receive statins before admission. There was a different pattern in plasma and erythrocyte membrane of fatty acids between patients and controls, also omega-3 index was significantly lower in patients. Patients with poor outcome without statins had significantly lower triglyceride (p = 0.028), while the total cholesterol levels were significantly lower in patients with poor outcome (p = 0.03) but with treatment initiated after admission. Bivariate analysis revealed that patients with poor outcome had significantly lower triglyceride levels regardless the statins use, while the total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower in patients with poor outcome under statin treatment. The long-term outcome were positively influenced by age (β̂ = 0.22, p = 0.001), and NIHSS score at admission (β̂ = 0.55, p < 0.001), and negatively by cholesterol levels (β̂ = -0.17, p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS DHA, adrenic, stearic and lauric acid were lower in stroke patients; plasma adrenic acid was consumed during the acute phase. The most important predictors for long-term outcome was NIHSS at admission followed by age and total cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Hutanu
- CCAMF, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Mihaela Iancu
- 3 Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Ha-tieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Minodora Dobreanu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Oana Roxana Oprea
- George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Stefan Barbu
- George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Smaranda Maier
- Department of Neurology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Amelia Tero-Vescan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Zoltan Bajko
- Department of Neurology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Rodica Balasa
- Department of Neurology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
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Manual Kollareth DJ, Deckelbaum RJ, Liu Z, Ramakrishnan R, Jouvene C, Serhan CN, Ten VS, Zirpoli H. Acute injection of a DHA triglyceride emulsion after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in mice increases both DHA and EPA levels in blood and brain ✰. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 162:102176. [PMID: 33038830 PMCID: PMC7685398 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that acute injection of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) triglyceride emulsions (tri-DHA) conferred neuroprotection after hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury in a neonatal mouse stroke model. We showed that exogenous DHA increased concentrations of DHA in brain mitochondria as well as DHA-derived specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) levels in the brain. The objective of the present study was to investigate the distribution of emulsion particles and changes in plasma lipid profiles after tri-DHA injection in naïve mice and in animals subjected to HI injury. We also examined whether tri-DHA injection would change DHA- and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-derived SPM levels in the brain. To address this, neonatal (10-day-old) naïve and HI mice were injected with radiolabeled tri-DHA emulsion (0.375 g tri-DHA/kg bw), and blood clearance and tissue distribution were analyzed. Among all the organs assayed, the lowest uptake of emulsion particles was in the brain (<0.4% recovered dose) in both naïve and HI mice, while the liver had the highest uptake. Tri-DHA administration increased DHA concentrations in plasma lysophosphatidylcholine and non-esterified fatty acids. Additionally, treatment with tri-DHA after HI injury significantly elevated the levels of DHA-derived SPMs and monohydroxy-containing DHA-derived products in the brain. Further, tri-DHA administration increased resolvin E2 (RvE2, 5S,18R-dihydroxy-eicosa-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E-pentaenoic acid) and monohydroxy-containing EPA-derived products in the brain. These results suggest that the transfer of DHA through plasma lipid pools plays an important role in DHA brain transport in neonatal mice subjected to HI injury. Furthermore, increases in EPA and EPA-derived SPMs following tri-DHA injection demonstrate interlinked metabolism of these two fatty acids. Hence, changes in both EPA and DHA profile patterns need to be considered when studying the protective effects of DHA after HI brain injury. Our results highlight the need for further investigation to differentiate the effects of DHA from EPA on neuroprotective pathways following HI damage. Such information could contribute to the development of specific DHA-EPA formulations to improve clinical endpoints and modulate potential biomarkers in ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard J Deckelbaum
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Zequn Liu
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Rajasekhar Ramakrishnan
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Charlotte Jouvene
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Vadim S Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Hylde Zirpoli
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.
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10
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Reyes LD, Haight T, Desai A, Chen H, Bosomtwi A, Korotcov A, Dardzinski B, Kim HY, Pierpaoli C. Investigation of the effect of dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on trauma-induced white matter injury with quantitative diffusion MRI in mice. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:2232-2244. [PMID: 32840025 PMCID: PMC7589213 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that long-term supplementation and dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may have neuroprotective effects following brain injury. The objective of this study was to investigate potential neuroprotective effects of omega-3 PUFAs on white matter following closed-head trauma. The closed-head injury model of engineered rotational acceleration (CHIMERA) produces a reproducible injury in the optic tract and brachium of the superior colliculus in mice. Damage is detectable using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics, particularly fractional anisotropy (FA), with sensitivity comparable to histology. We acquired in vivo (n = 38) and ex vivo (n = 41) DTI data in mice divided into sham and CHIMERA groups with two dietary groups: one deficient in omega-3 PUFAs and one adequate in omega-3 PUFAs. We examined injury effects (reduction in FA) and neuroprotection (FA reduction modulated by diet) in the optic tract and brachium. We verified that diet did not affect FA in sham animals. In injured animals, we found significantly reduced FA in the optic tract and brachium (~10% reduction, p < 0.001), and Bayes factor analysis showed strong evidence to reject the null hypothesis. However, Bayes factor analysis showed substantial evidence to accept the null hypothesis of no diet-related FA differences in injured animals in the in vivo and ex vivo samples. Our results indicate no neuroprotective effect from adequate dietary omega-3 PUFA intake on white matter damage following traumatic brain injury. Since damage from CHIMERA mainly affects white matter, our results do not necessarily contradict previous findings showing omega-3 PUFA-mediated neuroprotection in gray matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Reyes
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Section, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thaddeus Haight
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA.,Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abhishek Desai
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Huazhen Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Asamoah Bosomtwi
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexandru Korotcov
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bernard Dardzinski
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hee-Yong Kim
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlo Pierpaoli
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Section, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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11
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Yalagala PCR, Sugasini D, Zaldua SB, Tai LM, Subbaiah PV. Lipase Treatment of Dietary Krill Oil, but Not Fish Oil, Enables Enrichment of Brain Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000059. [PMID: 32304625 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Currently available omega-3 fatty acid supplements do not enrich the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of the adult brain because they are absorbed as triacylglycerol, whereas the transporter at the blood brain barrier requires lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-DHA. The hypothesis that treatment of krill oil (KO), which contains DHA/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at the SN2 position of phosphatidylcholine, with SN1-specific lipase will generate LPC-DHA/EPA and which can be absorbed intact and transported into the brain, is tested. METHODS KO and fish oil (FO) are treated with Mucor meihei lipase, incorporated into AIN 93G diet, and fed to 2-month-old mice for 30 days. Fatty acid composition is analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is measured by ELISA. RESULTS Lipase-treated (LT) KO increases brain DHA and EPA, respectively, 5-and 70-fold better than untreated (UT) KO. FO, whether lipase-treated or not, has no effect on brain DHA/EPA. LTKO is also more efficient in enriching liver DHA/EPA, but less efficient than UTKO and FO in enriching adipose tissue and heart. Brain BDNF is significantly increased by LTKO, but only marginally by other preparations. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment of dietary KO with lipase enables it to efficiently increase brain DHA/EPA because of the generation of LPC-DHA/EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorna C R Yalagala
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dhavamani Sugasini
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Steve B Zaldua
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Leon M Tai
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Papasani V Subbaiah
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 South Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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12
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Hachem M, Belkouch M, Lo Van A, Picq M, Bernoud-Hubac N, Lagarde M. Brain targeting with docosahexaenoic acid as a prospective therapy for neurodegenerative diseases and its passage across blood brain barrier. Biochimie 2020; 170:203-211. [PMID: 32014503 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is the main omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in brain tissues necessary for common brain growth and function. DHA can be provided to the body through two origins: an exogenous origin, from direct dietary intakes and an endogenous one, from the bioconversion of the essential α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) in the liver. In humans, the biosynthesis of DHA from its precursor ALA is very low. A reduction in the cerebral amount of DHA is detected in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Considering the vital functions of DHA for the brain, new methodologies to target the brain with DHA offers encouraging perceptions in the improvement of precautionary and therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present review was to provide better understanding of the cerebral uptake of DHA in different form including free fatty acids, Lysophosphatidylcholines LysoPC-DHA as well as structured phospholipids. First, we explored the special structure of the blood-brain barrier BBB, BBB being a physical and metabolic barrier with restrictive properties. Then, we discussed the incorporation of DHA into the membrane phospholipids of the brain, the neuroprotective and therapeutic effect of DHA for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayssa Hachem
- Univ-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Mounir Belkouch
- Univ-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Amanda Lo Van
- Univ-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Madeleine Picq
- Univ-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Michel Lagarde
- Univ-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
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13
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Xiao Y, Contaifer D, Huang W, Yang J, Hu Z, Guo Q, Bradley J, Peberdy MA, Ornato JP, Wijesinghe DS, Tang W. Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist WIN55, 212-2 Adjusts Lipid Metabolism in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest. Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag 2020; 10:192-203. [PMID: 31990631 DOI: 10.1089/ther.2019.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pharmacologically induced hypothermia with WIN55, 212-2 (WIN)on postresuscitation myocardial function, microcirculation, and metabolism-specific lipids in a rat cardiac arrest (CA) model. Ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced and untreated for 6 minutes in 24 Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 450-550 g. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation including chest compression and mechanical ventilation was then initiated and continued for 8 minutes, followed by defibrillation. At 5 minutes after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), animals were randomized into four groups: (1) normothermia with vehicle (NT); (2) physical hypothermia with vehicle (PH); (3) WIN55, 212-2 with normothermia (WN); and (4) WIN55, 212-2 with hypothermia (WH). For groups of WN and WH, WIN was administered by continuous intravenous infusion with a syringe pump for 4 hours. PH started at 5 minutes after resuscitation. NT maintained core temperature at 37°C ± 0.2°C with the aid of a heating blanket. Hypothermia groups maintained temperature at 33°C ± 0.5°C for 4 hours after ROSC. There was a significant improvement in myocardial function as measured by ejection fraction, cardiac output, and myocardial performance index in animals treated with WH and PH beginning at 1 hour after start of infusion. In the WH and PH groups, buccal microcirculation was significantly improved compared with NT and WN. Plasma at pre-CA and ROSC 4 hours was harvested for lipid metabolism. The WH group appeared to be closer to baseline than the other groups in lipid metabolism. lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 18:2, free fatty acid (FFA) 22:6, and ceramide (CER) (24:0) changed significantly among the lipidomic data compared with NT (p < 0.05). Postresuscitation hypothermia improved myocardial function and microcirculation. WH-mediated lipid metabolism had the best metabolic outcome to bring back the animals to normal metabolism, which may be protective to improve outcomes of CA. LPC 18:2, FFA 22:6, and CER (24:0) may be important predictors of outcomes of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China.,Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel Contaifer
- School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Weiping Huang
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jin Yang
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Zhangle Hu
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Qinyue Guo
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer Bradley
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mary Ann Peberdy
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Joseph P Ornato
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Dayanjan S Wijesinghe
- School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Da Vinci Center, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Wanchun Tang
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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14
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Brito LF, Oliveira HBM, das Neves Selis N, E Souza CLS, Júnior MNS, de Souza EP, Silva LSCD, de Souza Nascimento F, Amorim AT, Campos GB, de Oliveira MV, Yatsuda R, Timenetsky J, Marques LM. Anti-inflammatory activity of β-caryophyllene combined with docosahexaenoic acid in a model of sepsis induced by Staphylococcus aureus in mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:5870-5880. [PMID: 31206687 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a set of serious organic manifestations caused by an infection, whose progression culminates in exacerbated inflammation and oxidative stress, poor prognosis, and high hospital costs. Antioxidants used against sepsis have been evaluated, including essential oils such as β-caryophyllene (BCP), and polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the association of these two compounds. RESULTS Treatment with BCP-DHA, at a dose of 200 μL/animal, significantly inhibited the migration of neutrophils in a Cg-induced peritonitis model. After Staphylococcus aureus infection, in the groups treated with BCP-DHA there was a significant decrease in the total and differential count of leukocytes, increased expression of cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ in treated groups, an increase of IL-4 and IL-5 in B/D and B/D + SA groups, and an augmentation of IL-6 and IL-12 groups in B/D + SA groups. Histological and bacterial analysis revealed lower neutrophil migration and lower bacterial load in the infected and treated groups. CONCLUSION In general, the BCP-DHA association presented anti-inflammatory activity against two different models of acute inflammation and infection, showing promising potential as a therapeutic adjuvant in sepsis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Ferraz Brito
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Nathan das Neves Selis
- State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Leal Silva E Souza
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Manoel Neres Santos Júnior
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
- State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Erika Pereira de Souza
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lucas Santana Coelho da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
- State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Souza Nascimento
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Aline Teixeira Amorim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Barreto Campos
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Regiane Yatsuda
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jorge Timenetsky
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Marques
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
- State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Omega-3 Docosahexaenoic Acid Is a Mediator of Fate-Decision of Adult Neural Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174240. [PMID: 31480215 PMCID: PMC6747551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain is enriched with lipids that serve as energy catalyzers or secondary messengers of essential signaling pathways. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid synthesized de novo at low levels in humans, an endogenous supply from its precursors, and is mainly incorporated from nutrition, an exogeneous supply. Decreased levels of DHA have been reported in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Preventing this decrease or supplementing the brain with DHA has been considered as a therapy for the DHA brain deficiency that could be linked with neuronal death or neurodegeneration. The mammalian brain has, however, a mechanism of compensation for loss of neurons in the brain: neurogenesis, the birth of neurons from neural stem cells. In adulthood, neurogenesis is still present, although at a slower rate and with low efficiency, where most of the newly born neurons die. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) have been shown to require lipids for proper metabolism for proliferation maintenance and neurogenesis induction. Recent studies have focused on the effects of these essential lipids on the neurobiology of NSPCs. This review aimed to introduce the possible use of DHA to impact NSPC fate-decision as a therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.
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16
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, with stroke burden increasing, there is a need to explore therapeutic options that ameliorate the acute insult. There is substantial evidence of a neuroprotective effect of marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in experimental stroke, leading to a better functional outcome. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of administration of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs on functional outcomes and dependence in people with stroke.Our secondary outcomes were vascular-related death, recurrent events, incidence of other type of stroke, adverse events, quality of life, and mood. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group trials register (6 August 2018), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; Issue 1, January 2019), MEDLINE Ovid (from 1948 to 6 August 2018), Embase Ovid (from 1980 to 6 August 2018), CINAHL EBSCO (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; from 1982 to 6 August 2018), Science Citation Index Expanded ‒ Web of Science (SCI-EXPANDED), Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science - Web of Science (CPCI-S), and BIOSIS Citation Index. We also searched ongoing trial registers, reference lists, relevant systematic reviews, and used the Science Citation Index Reference Search. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing marine-derived n-3 PUFAs to placebo or open control (no placebo) in people with a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA), or both. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS At least two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, extracted data, assessed risk of bias, and used the GRADE approach to assess the quality of the body of evidence. We contacted study authors for clarification and additional information on stroke/TIA participants. We conducted random-effects meta-analysis or narrative synthesis, as appropriate. The primary outcome was efficacy (functional outcome) assessed using a validated scale e.g. Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) dichotomised into poor or good clinical outcome, Barthel Index (higher score is better; scale from 0 to 100) or Rivermead Mobility Index (higher score is better; scale from 0 to 15). MAIN RESULTS We included 29 RCTs; nine of them provided outcome data (3339 participants). Only one study included participants in the acute phase of stroke (haemorrhagic). Doses of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs ranged from 400 mg/day to 3300 mg/day. Risk of bias was generally low or unclear in most trials, with a higher risk of bias in smaller studies. We assessed results separately for short (up to three months) and longer (more than three months) follow-up studies.Short follow-up (up to three months)Functional outcome was reported in only one pilot study as poor clinical outcome assessed with GOSE (risk ratio (RR) 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36 to 1.68; 40 participants; very low quality evidence). Mood (assessed with GHQ-30, lower score better), was reported by only one study and favoured control (mean difference (MD) 1.41, 95% CI 0.07 to 2.75; 102 participants; low-quality evidence).We found no evidence of an effect of the intervention for the remainder of the secondary outcomes: vascular-related death (two studies, not pooled due to differences in population, RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.01 to 8.00, and RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.01 to 7.72; 142 participants; low-quality evidence); recurrent events (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.02 to 8.84; 18 participants; very low quality evidence); incidence of other type of stroke (two studies, not pooled due to different type of index stroke, RR 6.11, 95% CI 0.33 to 111.71, and RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.58; 58 participants; very low quality evidence); and quality of life (physical component mean difference (MD) -2.31, 95% CI -4.81 to 0.19, and mental component MD -2.16, 95% CI -5.91 to 1.59; one study; 102 participants; low-quality evidence).Adverse events were reported by two studies (57 participants; very low quality evidence), one trial reporting extracranial haemorrhage (RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.04 to 1.73) and the other one reporting bleeding complications (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.01 to 7.35).Longer follow-up (more than three months)One small trial assessed functional outcome with both Barthel Index (MD 7.09, 95% CI -5.16 to 19.34) for activities of daily living, and Rivermead Mobility Index (MD 1.30, 95% CI -1.31 to 3.91) for mobility (52 participants; very low quality evidence). We carried out meta-analysis for vascular-related death (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.35; five studies; 2237 participants; low-quality evidence) and fatal recurrent events (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.55; three studies; 1819 participants; low-quality evidence).We found no evidence of an effect of the intervention for mood (MD 1.00, 95% CI -2.07 to 4.07; one study; 14 participants; low-quality evidence). Incidence of other type of stroke and quality of life were not reported.Adverse events (all combined) were reported by only one study (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.58; 1455 participants; low-quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We are very uncertain of the effect of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs therapy on functional outcomes and dependence after stroke as there is insufficient high-quality evidence. More well-designed RCTs are needed, specifically in acute stroke, to determine the efficacy and safety of the intervention.Studies assessing functionality might consider starting the intervention as early as possible after the event, as well as using standardised clinically-relevant measures for functional outcomes, such as the modified Rankin Scale. Optimal doses remain to be determined; delivery forms (type of lipid carriers) and mode of administration (ingestion or injection) also need further consideration.
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17
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Neuroprotective Effects of Diets Containing Olive Oil and DHA/EPA in a Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051109. [PMID: 31109078 PMCID: PMC6566717 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and while there is increasing evidence that a Mediterranean diet might decrease the risk of a stroke, the effects of dietary fat composition on stroke outcomes have not been fully explored. We hypothesize that the brain damage provoked by a stroke would be different depending on the source of dietary fat. To test this, male C57BL/6J mice were fed for 4 weeks with a standard low-fat diet (LFD), a high-fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fatty acids (HFD-SFA), an HFD containing monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) from olive oil (HFD-OO), or an HFD containing MUFAs from olive oil plus polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA/EPA) (HFD-OO-ω3). These mice were then subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo). Behavioural tests and histological analyses were performed 24 and/or 48 h after tMCAo in order to elucidate the impact of these diets with different fatty acid profiles on the ischemic lesion and on neurological functions. Mice fed with HFD-OO-ω3 displayed better histological outcomes after cerebral ischemia than mice that received an HFD-SFA or LFD. Furthermore, PUFA- and MUFA-enriched diets improved the motor function and neurological performance of ischemic mice relative to those fed with an LFD or HFD-SFA. These findings support the use of DHA/EPA-omega-3-fatty acid supplementation and olive oil as dietary source of MUFAs in order to reduce the damage and protect the brain when a stroke occurs.
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Sibomana I, Grobe N, DelRaso NJ, Reo NV. Influence of Myo-inositol Plus Ethanolamine on Plasmalogens and Cell Viability during Oxidative Stress. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:265-284. [PMID: 30604967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that treatment of rats with myo-inositol plus ethanolamine (ME) elevated brain ethanolamine plasmalogens (PE-Pls) and protected against phosphine-induced oxidative stress. Here we tested the hypothesis that ME treatment elevates PE-Pls in a neuro-2A (N2A) cell culture system and protects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress, and we assessed the effects of treatments using myo-inositol with or without (+/-) ethanolamine on ethanolamine phospholipids (PLs) and cell viability following H2O2 exposure. Cells were treated with equimolar amounts (500 μM) of myo-inositol, ethanolamine (Etn), or their combination (ME) for 24 h, followed by an additional 24 h exposure to 650 μM H2O2. NMR analyses evaluated the treatment effects on Etn PLs, while LC-MS/MS analyses assessed the molecular species of Etn PLs preferentially affected by ME and H2O2 treatments, especially PE-Pls and their degradation byproducts-lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) and glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE). Only ME influenced the cellular levels of PLs. ME yielded a 3-fold increase in PE-Pls and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) ( p < 0.001) and a preferential 60% increase in PE-Pls containing saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (SFA+MUFA), while polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) species increased by only 10%. Exposing cells to 650 μM H2O2 caused a significant cell death (56% viability), a 27% decrease in PE-Pls, a 201% increase in PUFA-rich LPE, and a ca. 3-fold increase in GPE. H2O2 had no impact on PE, suggesting that LPE and GPE were primarily the byproducts of PE-Pls (not PE) degradation. Surprisingly, ME pretreatment ameliorated H2O2 effects and significantly increased cell survival to 80% ( p < 0.05). Cellular PE-Pls levels prior to H2O2 treatment were highly correlated ( R2 = 0.95) with cell survival, suggesting a relationship between PE-Pls and cell protection. Data suggest that a preferential increase in PE-Pls containing SFA+MUFA species may protect cells from oxidative stress. Such studies aid in our understanding of the neuroprotective mechanisms that may be associated with plasmalogens and the relevance of these phospholipids to neurodegenerative diseases/disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaie Sibomana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Boonshoft School of Medicine, 162 Diggs Laboratory , Wright State University , Dayton , Ohio 45435 , United States.,Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Human-Centered ISR Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing , Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Nadja Grobe
- Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Human-Centered ISR Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing , Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Nicholas J DelRaso
- Molecular Mechanisms Branch, Human-Centered ISR Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing , Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Nicholas V Reo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Boonshoft School of Medicine, 162 Diggs Laboratory , Wright State University , Dayton , Ohio 45435 , United States
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Inflammatory cytokines are involved in dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) and regional cooling infusion (RCI)-induced neuroprotection in ischemic rat. Brain Res 2018; 1710:173-180. [PMID: 30584925 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The combination of pharmacological hypothermia - dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) and intra-arterial regional cooling infusions (RCI) was found to enhance the efficiency of hypothermia and efficacy of hypothermia-induced neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to explore whether the combination could induce a long-term neuroprotective effects, as well as the underlying mechanism. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h using intraluminal hollow filament. The ischemic rats were randomized to receive pharmacological hypothermia by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of DHC, physical hypothermia by RCI of 6 ml cold saline (4 °C), the combination, and no treatment. Over a 21-day period, brain damage was determined by infarct volume with MRI, and neurological deficit with grid-walking and beam balance tests. Blood brain barrier (BBB) was assessed by Evans-Blue (EB) contents. Inflammatory cytokines were determined in peri-infarct area by antibody array and ELISA. RESULTS The combination of DHC and RCI reduced (p < 0.05) infarct volume and neurologic deficit after stroke. BBB leakage and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α) were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) because of the combination, while protective cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) were increased (p < 0.05) in the peri-infarct area. CONCLUSIONS The combination approach enhanced the efficacy of hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke. Our findings provide a hint to translate the combination method from bench to bedside.
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Low Phytanic Acid-Concentrated DHA Prevents Cognitive Deficit and Regulates Alzheimer Disease Mediators in an ApoE -/- Mice Experimental Model. Nutrients 2018; 11:nu11010011. [PMID: 30577526 PMCID: PMC6356727 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia and cognitive impairment. It has been associated with a significant diminution of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in the brain. Clinical trials with DHA as a treatment in neurological diseases have shown inconsistent results. Previously, we reported that the presence of phytanic acid (PhA) in standard DHA compositions could be blunting DHA’s beneficial effects. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the effects of a low PhA-concentrated DHA and a standard PhA-concentrated DHA in Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) mice. Behavioral tests and protein expression of pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant, antioxidant factors, and AD-related mediators were evaluated. Low PhA-concentrated DHA decreased Aβ, ß-amyloid precursor protein (APP), p-tau, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII), caspase 3, and catalase, and increased brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) when compared to standard PhA-concentrated DHA. Low PhA-concentrated DHA decreased interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) protein expression in ApoE−/− mice when compared to standard PhA-concentrated DHA. No significant differences were found in p22phox, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), and tau protein expression. The positive actions of a low PhA-concentrated DHA were functionally reflected by improving the cognitive deficit in the AD experimental model. Therefore, reduction of PhA content in DHA compositions could highlight a novel pathway for the neurodegeneration processes related to AD.
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Horikawa C, Otsuka R, Kato Y, Nishita Y, Tange C, Rogi T, Kawashima H, Shibata H, Ando F, Shimokata H. Longitudinal Association between n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake and Depressive Symptoms: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Japan. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111655. [PMID: 30400311 PMCID: PMC6265805 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains unclear whether n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) have a preventive effect on depression in the general population. This study investigated the longitudinal association between n-3 LCPUFA intake and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling Japanese participants. The participants were aged 40–79 years at baseline in the cohort study, wherein examinations, including the assessment of depressive symptoms and nutritional status, were biennially conducted from 1997 to 2012. The subjects (n = 2335) who had a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score < 16 at the first examination and who participated in the follow-up study at least once were included in the analysis. The follow-up end point was the first onset (CES-D ≥ 16) or the last examination participation. Hazard ratios (95% CIs) for CES-D ≥ 16 were estimated using the adjusted Cox proportional hazards model. Overall, 22.1% participants showed depressive symptoms during follow-up (average; 8.1 years). Compared with the lowest tertile, the highest HR for EPA was 0.74 (0.60–0.93), and highest and middle HRs for DHA were 0.79 (0.63–0.98) and 0.80 (0.65–0.99) (P for trend = 0.009 and 0.032), respectively. Among populations with high fish consumption, higher n-3 LCPUFA intake may be associated with a low risk of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Horikawa
- Section of the NILS-LSA, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-City, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan.
| | - Rei Otsuka
- Section of the NILS-LSA, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-City, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kato
- Section of the NILS-LSA, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-City, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University, 2-9 Katahira, Nagakute-city, Aichi 480-1197, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Nishita
- Section of the NILS-LSA, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-City, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Chikako Tange
- Section of the NILS-LSA, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-City, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Rogi
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kawashima
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Shibata
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan.
| | - Fujiko Ando
- Section of the NILS-LSA, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-City, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University, 2-9 Katahira, Nagakute-city, Aichi 480-1197, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Section of the NILS-LSA, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-City, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, 57 Takenoyama, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin-city, Aichi 470-0196, Japan.
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Bazan NG. Docosanoids and elovanoids from omega-3 fatty acids are pro-homeostatic modulators of inflammatory responses, cell damage and neuroprotection. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 64:18-33. [PMID: 30244005 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The functional significance of the selective enrichment of the omega-3 essential fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22C and 6 double bonds) in cellular membrane phospholipids of the nervous system is being clarified by defining its specific roles on membrane protein function and by the uncovering of the bioactive mediators, docosanoids and elovanoids (ELVs). Here, we describe the preferential uptake and DHA metabolism in photoreceptors and brain as well as the significance of the Adiponectin receptor 1 in DHA retention and photoreceptor cell (PRC) survival. We now know that this integral membrane protein is engaged in DHA retention as a necessary event for the function of PRCs and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. We present an overview of how a) NPD1 selectively mediates preconditioning rescue of RPE and PR cells; b) NPD1 restores aberrant neuronal networks in experimental epileptogenesis; c) the decreased ability to biosynthesize NPD1 in memory hippocampal areas of early stages of Alzheimer's disease takes place; d) NPD1 protection of dopaminergic circuits in an in vitro model using neurotoxins; and e) bioactivity elicited by DHA and NPD1 activate a neuroprotective gene-expression program that includes the expression of Bcl-2 family members affected by Aβ42, DHA, or NPD1. In addition, we highlight ELOVL4 (ELOngation of Very Long chain fatty acids-4), specifically the neurological and ophthalmological consequences of its mutations, and their role in providing precursors for the biosynthesis of ELVs. Then we outline evidence of ELVs ability to protect RPE cells, which sustain PRC integrity. In the last section, we present a summary of the protective bioactivity of docosanoids and ELVs in experimental ischemic stroke. The identification of early mechanisms of neural cell survival mediated by DHA-synthesized ELVs and docosanoids contributes to the understanding of cell function, pro-homeostatic cellular modulation, inflammatory responses, and innate immunity, opening avenues for prevention and therapeutic applications in neurotrauma, stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Post-stroke DHA Treatment Protects Against Acute Ischemic Brain Injury by Skewing Macrophage Polarity Toward the M2 Phenotype. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 9:669-680. [PMID: 30203370 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systemic docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been explored as a clinically feasible protectant in stroke models. However, the mechanism for DHA-afforded neuroprotection remains elusive. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was induced for 1 h. DHA (i.p., 10 mg/kg) was administered immediately after reperfusion and repeated daily for 3 days. Stroke outcomes, systemic inflammatory status, and microglia/macrophage phenotypic alterations were assessed 3 days after stroke. Macrophage depletion was induced by clodronate liposomes injection. Primary macrophage cultures were used to evaluate the direct effect of DHA on macrophages. We demonstrated that post-stroke DHA injection efficiently reduced brain infarct and ameliorated neurological deficits 3 days after tMCAO. Systemic DHA treatment significantly inhibited immune cell infiltration (macrophages, neutrophils, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes) and promoted macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in the ischemic brain. Meanwhile, systemic DHA administration inhibited the otherwise elevated pro-inflammatory factors in blood and shifted circulating macrophage polarity toward M2 phenotype after ischemic stroke. The numbers of circulating immune cells in blood and spleen, however, were equivalent between DHA- and vehicle-treated groups. The protective effects of DHA were macrophage-dependent, as macrophage depletion abolished DHA-afforded neuroprotection. In vitro studies confirmed that DHA suppressed production of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines from macrophages under inflammatory stimulation. These data indicate that post-stroke DHA treatment ameliorated acute ischemic brain injury in a macrophage-dependent manner and DHA enhanced macrophage phenotypic shift toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype to reduced central and peripheral inflammation after stroke.
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Danduga RCSR, Dondapati SR, Kola PK, Grace L, Tadigiri RVB, Kanakaraju VK. Neuroprotective activity of tetramethylpyrazine against 3-nitropropionic acid induced Huntington's disease-like symptoms in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:1254-1268. [PMID: 30021362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal neurodegenerative disease characterized by chorea, dystonia, motor ataxia, cognitive decline and psychiatric disorders with gradual loss of nerve cells and has no existing cure for the disease. In the present study, a mitochondrial toxin, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is used to induce HD like symptoms in rats. Tetramethylpyrazine is one of the active ingredients of Chuan Xiong which was reported to have neurotrophic and neuroprotective activities. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of TMP on 3-NP induced behavioral, biochemical, neurochemical, and histological alterations in the different regions of the brain. Animals were pretreated with normal saline/TMP for 7 days. From 8th day, the treatment groups were co-administered with 3-NP (10 mg/kg, i.p) and continued to the 21st day of the treatment protocol. At the end of the study, we found that the TMP improved all the behavioral performances of 3-NP induced neurotoxic rats, significantly. Further, oxidative stress parameters (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase), succinate dehydrogenase enzyme, and neurochemical (GABA and glutamate) estimations were done in the brain homogenate. In our study, the treatment with TMP ameliorated the 3-NP induced alterations, in the biochemical and neurochemical parameter in the brain homogenate, dose-dependently. The protective role of TMP further confirmed by measuring the lesion area with the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining of the brain slices and histopathological alteration in the hippocampus (CA1 and CA3) and striatal regions of the brain. Hence, the present findings suggest that the protective role of TMP against 3-NP induced behavioral, biochemical, neurochemical, and histological alterations in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subba Reddy Dondapati
- Department of Pharmacology, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Atmakur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Phani Kumar Kola
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, India
| | - Lilly Grace
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, India
| | | | - Vijaya Kishore Kanakaraju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, India
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Alvarez Campano CG, Macleod MJ, Thies F, Aucott L, Macleod MR. Marine-derived n-3 fatty acids therapy for stroke. Hippokratia 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Joan Macleod
- Polwarth Building; Dept of Medicine & Therapeutics; Foresterhill Aberdeen UK AB25 2ZN
| | - Frank Thies
- University of Aberdeen; The Rowett Institute; Aberdeen UK AB25 2ZD
| | - Lorna Aucott
- University of Aberdeen; Medical Statistics Team, The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition; Aberdeen Scotland UK AB25 2ZD
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- University of Edinburgh; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences; Edinburgh UK
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Asatryan A, Bazan NG. Molecular mechanisms of signaling via the docosanoid neuroprotectin D1 for cellular homeostasis and neuroprotection. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12390-12397. [PMID: 28615451 PMCID: PMC5535015 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r117.783076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid, enriched in the brain and retina, generates docosanoids in response to disruptions of cellular homeostasis. Docosanoids include neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), which is decreased in the CA1 hippocampal area of patients with early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). We summarize here how NPD1 elicits neuroprotection by up-regulating c-REL, a nuclear factor (NF)-κB subtype that, in turn, enhances expression of BIRC3 (baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing protein 3) in the retina and in experimental stroke, leading to neuroprotection. Elucidating the mechanisms of action of docosanoids will contribute to managing diseases, including stroke, AD, age-related macular degeneration, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Asatryan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2223
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2223.
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Yu J, Yang H, Fang B, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Dai Y. mfat-1transgene protects cultured adult neural stem cells against cobalt chloride-mediated hypoxic injury by activatingNrf2/AREpathways. J Neurosci Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyuan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- Huaian First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University; Huai'an People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
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Yamagata K. Docosahexaenoic acid regulates vascular endothelial cell function and prevents cardiovascular disease. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:118. [PMID: 28619112 PMCID: PMC5472966 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is present in high concentrations in salmon, herring, and trout. Epidemiologic studies have shown that high dietary consumption of these and other oily fish is associated with reduced rates of myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and other ischemic pathologies. Atherosclerosis is induced by inflammation and can lead to acute cardiovascular events and extensive plaque. DHA inhibits the development of inflammation in endothelial cells, alters the function and regulation of vascular biomarkers, and reduces cardiovascular risk. It also affects vascular relaxation and constriction by controlling nitric oxide and endothelin 1 production in endothelial cells. DHA also contributes to the prevention of arteriosclerosis by regulating the expression of oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, thromboxane A2 receptor, and adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in endothelial cells. Recent research showed that DHA reduces the increase in adhesion factor expression induced by lipopolysaccharide by suppressing toll-like receptor 4. A new mechanism of action of DHA has been described that is mediated through endothelial free fatty acid receptor 4, associated with heme oxygenase 1 induction by Nrf2. However, the efficacy and mechanisms of action of DHA in cardiovascular disease prevention are not yet completely understood. The aim of this paper was to review the effects of DHA on vascular endothelial cells and recent findings on their potential for the prevention of circulatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamagata
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresourse, Science, Nihon University (NUBS), 1866, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-8510, Japan.
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Carlson SE, Gajewski BJ, Valentine CJ, Rogers LK, Weiner CP, DeFranco EA, Buhimschi CS. Assessment of DHA on reducing early preterm birth: the ADORE randomized controlled trial protocol. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:62. [PMID: 28193189 PMCID: PMC5307851 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth contributes to 0.5 million deliveries in the United States (one of eight pregnancies) and poses a huge burden on public health with costs in the billions. Of particular concern is that the rate of earliest preterm birth (<34 weeks) (ePTB), which has decreased little since 1990 and has the greatest impact on the overall infant mortality, resulting in the greatest cost to society. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation provides a potential high yield, low risk strategy to reduce early preterm delivery in the US by up to 75%. We propose a Phase III Clinical Trial (randomized to low or high dose DHA, double-blinded) to examine the efficacy and safety of high dose DHA supplementation to reduce ePTB. We also plan for a secondary pregnancy efficacy analysis to determine if there is a subset of pregnancies most likely to benefit from DHA supplementation. METHODS Between 900 and 1200 pregnant women who are ≥ 18 years old and between 12 and 20 weeks gestation will be recruited from three trial experienced academic medical institutions. Participants will be randomly assigned to two daily capsules of algal oil (totaling 800 mg DHA) or soybean and corn oil (0 mg DHA). Both groups will receive a commercially available prenatal supplement containing 200 mg DHA. Therefore, the experimental group will receive 1000 mg DHA/d and the control group 200 mg DHA/d. We will then employ a novel Bayesian response adaptive randomization design that assigns more subjects to the "winning" group and potentially allows for substantially smaller sample size while providing a stronger conclusion regarding the most effective group. The study has an overall Type I error rate of 5% and a power of 90%. Participants are followed throughout pregnancy and delivery for safety and delivery outcomes. DISCUSSION We hypothesize that DHA will decrease the frequency of ePTB <34 weeks. Reducing ePTB is clinically important as these earliest preterm deliveries carry the highest risk of neonatal morbidity, as well as contribute significant stress for families and post a large societal burden. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02626299 ) on December 8, 2015. Additional summary details may be found in Table 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, MS 4013, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Byron J. Gajewski
- Department of Biostatistics, MS 1026, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Christina J. Valentine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, PO Box 670526, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Lynette K. Rogers
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - Carl P. Weiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MS 2028, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
- Division Maternal Fetal Medicine, Center for the Developmental Origins of Adult Health and Disease, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Emily A. DeFranco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, PO Box 670526, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Catalin S. Buhimschi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ohio State University, 370 W. 13th Ave., Rm 588, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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Neuroprotective diets for stroke. Neurochem Int 2017; 107:4-10. [PMID: 28161467 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the main causes of death and disability in the elderly. In the last few years, there has been increasing evidence that suggests the influence of the diet on the decrease of stroke risk. Probably, because of the presence of bioactive components with beneficial effects such as antioxidant or anti-inflammatory properties. This article reviews several dietary bioactive compounds from studies in models of cerebral ischemia that have obtained promising results decreasing cerebral damage. We propose that many of these compounds present in diet could be good candidates to test new neuroprotection approaches focused on reducing the damage and protecting the brain before stroke occurs.
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Wiesmann M, Zinnhardt B, Reinhardt D, Eligehausen S, Wachsmuth L, Hermann S, Dederen PJ, Hellwich M, Kuhlmann MT, Broersen LM, Heerschap A, Jacobs AH, Kiliaan AJ. A specific dietary intervention to restore brain structure and function after ischemic stroke. Theranostics 2017; 7:493-512. [PMID: 28255345 PMCID: PMC5327363 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAo) is among the most common causes of ischemic stroke in humans. Cerebral ischemia leads to brain lesions existing of an irreversibly injured core and an ischemic boundary zone, the penumbra, containing damaged but potentially salvageable tissue. Using a transient occlusion (30 min) of the middle cerebral artery (tMCAo) mouse model in this cross-institutional study we investigated the neurorestorative efficacy of a dietary approach (Fortasyn) comprising docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, uridine, choline, phospholipids, folic acid, vitamins B12, B6, C, and E, and selenium as therapeutic approach to counteract neuroinflammation and impairments of cerebral (structural+functional) connectivity, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and motor function. Male adult C57BL/6j mice were subjected to right tMCAo using the intraluminal filament model. Following tMCAo, animals were either maintained on Control diet or switched to the multicomponent Fortasyn diet. At several time points after tMCAo, behavioral tests, and MRI and PET scanning were conducted to identify the impact of the multicomponent diet on the elicited neuroinflammatory response, loss of cerebral connectivity, and the resulting impairment of motor function after experimental stroke. Mice on the multicomponent diet showed decreased neuroinflammation, improved functional and structural connectivity, beneficial effect on CBF, and also improved motor function after tMCAo. Our present data show that this specific dietary intervention may have beneficial effects on structural and functional recovery and therefore therapeutic potential after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Wiesmann
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastian Zinnhardt
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sarah Eligehausen
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lydia Wachsmuth
- Department of Clinical Radiology of the University Hospital, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Pieter J Dederen
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Hellwich
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael T Kuhlmann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Laus M Broersen
- Advanced Medical Nutrition, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas H Jacobs
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics, Johanniter Hospital, Evangelische Kliniken, Bonn, Germany
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Berressem D, Koch K, Franke N, Klein J, Eckert GP. Intravenous Treatment with a Long-Chain Omega-3 Lipid Emulsion Provides Neuroprotection in a Murine Model of Ischemic Stroke - A Pilot Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167329. [PMID: 27902774 PMCID: PMC5130273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Single long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (e.g. docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) are known for their neuroprotective properties associated with ischemic stroke. This pilot study aimed to test the effectiveness of an acute treatment with a long-chain omega-3 lipid emulsion (Omegaven 10%®, OGV) that contains fish oil (DHA 18 mg/ml; EPA 21 mg/ml) and α-tocopherol (0.2 mg/ml) in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemic stroke in mice. For this purpose, female CD-1 mice were anesthetized and subjected to 90 minutes of MCAO. To reflect a clinically relevant situation for an acute treatment, either after induction of stroke or after reperfusion, a single dose of OGV was injected intravenously into the tail vein (5 ml/kg b.w.). A neurological severity score was used to assess motor function and neurological outcome. Stroke-related parameters were determined 24 hours after MCAO. Microdialysis was used to collect samples from extracellular space of the striatum. Mitochondrial function was determined in isolated mitochondria or dissociated brain cells. Inflammation markers were measured in brain homogenate. According to control experiments, neuroprotective effects could be attributed to the long-chain omega-3 content of the emulsion. Intravenous injection of OGV reduced size and severity of stroke, restored mitochondrial function, and prevented excitotoxic glutamate release. Increases of pro-inflammatory markers (COX-2 and IL-6) were attenuated. Neurological severity scoring and neurochemical data demonstrated that acute OGV treatment shortly after induction of stroke was most efficient and able to improve short-term neurological outcome, reflecting the importance of an acute treatment to improve the outcome. Summarising, acute treatment of stroke with a single intravenous dose of OGV provided strong neuroprotective effects and was most effective when given immediately after onset of ischemia. As OGV is an approved fishoil emulsion for parenteral nutrition in humans, our results may provide first translational data for a possible early management of ischemic stroke with administration of OGV to prevent further brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Berressem
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Department of Pharmacology, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Konrad Koch
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Department of Pharmacology, Germany
| | - Nicole Franke
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Department of Pharmacology, Germany
| | - Jochen Klein
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Department of Pharmacology, Germany
| | - Gunter P. Eckert
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Department of Pharmacology, Germany
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Germany
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Zhang X, Chen XP, Lin JB, Xiong Y, Liao WJ, Wan Q. Effect of enriched environment on angiogenesis and neurological functions in rats with focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Res 2016; 1655:176-185. [PMID: 27818208 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of enriched environment (EE) on cerebral angiogenesis after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion was performed in rats to set up an animal model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. In a set of behavioral tests, we demonstrated that the animals in the IEE (ischemia + enriched environment) group exhibited significantly improved neurological functions compared to those in the standard housing condition group. In consistent with the functional tests, smaller infarction volumes were observed in the animals of IEE group. Laser scanning confocal microscopy and 3D quantitative analysis of cerebral microvessels revealed that EE treatment increased the total vessel surface area and number of branch point in the ischemic boundary zone. IgG extraction assay showed that the blood brain barrier (BBB) leakage in the ischemic brain was attenuated after EE treatment. EE treatment also enhanced endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation and increased the expression levels of VEGF and its receptor Flk-1 after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Analyses of Spearman's correlation coefficients indicated a correlation of mNSS scores with enhanced cerebral angiogenesis. Together, the results suggest that EE treatment-induced cerebral angiogenesis may contribute to the improved neurological outcome of stroke animals after ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jun-Bin Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Jing Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Physiology, Center for Brain Clinic, Zhongnan Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Pu H, Jiang X, Hu X, Xia J, Hong D, Zhang W, Gao Y, Chen J, Shi Y. Delayed Docosahexaenoic Acid Treatment Combined with Dietary Supplementation of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Promotes Long-Term Neurovascular Restoration After Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 7:521-534. [PMID: 27566736 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prophylactic dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) has been shown to remarkably ameliorate ischemic brain injury. However, the therapeutic efficacy of n-3 PUFA administration post-stroke, especially its impact on neurovascular remodeling and long-term neurological recovery, has not been fully characterized thus far. In this study, we investigated the effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation, as well as in combination with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) injections, on long-term stroke outcomes. Mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) before randomly assigned to four groups to receive the following: (1) low dose of n-3 PUFAs as the vehicle control, (2) intraperitoneal DHA injections, (3) n-3 PUFA dietary supplement, or (4) combined treatment of (2) and (3). Neurological deficits and brain atrophy, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and glial scar formation were assessed up to 28 days after MCAO. Results revealed that groups 2 and 3 showed only marginal reduction in post-stroke tissue loss and attenuation of cognitive deficits. Interestingly, group 4 exhibited significantly reduced tissue atrophy and improved cognitive functions compared to groups 2 and 3 with just a single treatment. Mechanistically, the combined treatment promoted post-stroke neurogenesis and angiogenesis, as well as reduced glial scar formation, all of which significantly correlated with the improved spatial memory in the Morris water maze. These results demonstrate an effective therapeutic regimen to enhance neurovascular restoration and long-term cognitive recovery in the mouse model of MCAO. Combined post-stroke DHA treatment and n-3 PUFA dietary supplementation thus may be a potential clinically translatable therapy for stroke or related brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Pu
- Geriatric Research, Educational, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Geriatric Research, Educational, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jinchao Xia
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Dandan Hong
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Wenting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Geriatric Research, Educational, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. .,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Yejie Shi
- Geriatric Research, Educational, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. .,Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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DHA but Not EPA Emulsions Preserve Neurological and Mitochondrial Function after Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia in Neonatal Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160870. [PMID: 27513579 PMCID: PMC4981459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Treatment with triglyceride emulsions of docosahexaenoic acid (tri-DHA) protected neonatal mice against hypoxia-ischemia (HI) brain injury. The mechanism of this neuroprotection remains unclear. We hypothesized that administration of tri-DHA enriches HI-brains with DHA/DHA metabolites. This reduces Ca2+-induced mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and attenuates brain injury. Methods 10-day-old C57BL/6J mice following HI-brain injury received tri-DHA, tri-EPA or vehicle. At 4–5 hours of reperfusion, mitochondrial fatty acid composition and Ca2+ buffering capacity were analyzed. At 24 hours and at 8–9 weeks of recovery, oxidative injury, neurofunctional and neuropathological outcomes were evaluated. In vitro, hyperoxia-induced mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ buffering capacity were measured in the presence or absence of DHA or EPA. Results Only post-treatment with tri-DHA reduced oxidative damage and improved short- and long-term neurological outcomes. This was associated with increased content of DHA in brain mitochondria and DHA-derived bioactive metabolites in cerebral tissue. After tri-DHA administration HI mitochondria were resistant to Ca2+-induced membrane permeabilization. In vitro, hyperoxia increased mitochondrial ROS production and reduced Ca2+ buffering capacity; DHA, but not EPA, significantly attenuated these effects of hyperoxia. Conclusions Post-treatment with tri-DHA resulted in significant accumulation of DHA and DHA derived bioactive metabolites in the HI-brain. This was associated with improved mitochondrial tolerance to Ca2+-induced permeabilization, reduced oxidative brain injury and permanent neuroprotection. Interaction of DHA with mitochondria alters ROS release and improves Ca2+ buffering capacity. This may account for neuroprotective action of post-HI administration of tri-DHA.
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Ren H, Yang Z, Luo C, Zeng H, Li P, Kang JX, Wan JB, He C, Su H. Enriched Endogenous Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Mice Ameliorate Parenchymal Cell Death After Traumatic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3317-3326. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhang W, Zhang H, Mu H, Zhu W, Jiang X, Hu X, Shi Y, Leak RK, Dong Q, Chen J, Gao Y. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids mitigate blood-brain barrier disruption after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 91:37-46. [PMID: 26921472 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been shown to protect the neonatal brain against hypoxic/ischemic (H/I) injury. However, the mechanism of n-3 PUFA-afforded neuroprotection is not well understood. One major determinant of H/I vulnerability is the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, we examined the effects of n-3 PUFAs on BBB integrity after neonatal H/I. Female rats were fed a diet with or without n-3 PUFA enrichment from day 2 of pregnancy to 14days after parturition. H/I was introduced in 7day-old offspring. We observed relatively rapid BBB penetration of the small molecule cadaverine (640Da) at 4h post-H/I and a delayed penetration of larger dextrans (3kD-40kD) 24-48h after injury. Surprisingly, the neonatal BBB was impermeable to Evans Blue or 70kD dextran leakage for up to 48h post-H/I, despite evidence of IgG extravasation at this time. As expected, n-3 PUFAs ameliorated H/I-induced BBB damage, as shown by reductions in tracer efflux and IgG extravasation, preservation of BBB ultrastructure, and enhanced tight junction protein expression. Furthermore, n-3 PUFAs prevented the elevation in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in the brain and blood after H/I. Thus, n-3 PUFAs may protect neonates against BBB damage by blunting MMPs activation after H/I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Neurology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongfeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yejie Shi
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Qiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Neurology of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Ahmad H, Samuel SS, Khandelwal K, Arya A, Tripathi S, Agrawal S, Sangwan NS, Shukla R, Dwivedi AK. Enduring protection provided by NMITLI118RT+ and its preparation NMITLI118RT+CFM against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04453k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera Dunal (Ashwagandha), is an Indian medicinal plant with significant pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Ahmad
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Sheeba Saji Samuel
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
- Division of Pharmacology
- CSIR-CDRI
| | | | - Abhishek Arya
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | | | | | - Neelam Singh Sangwan
- Division of Pharmacology
- CSIR-CDRI
- Lucknow
- India
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology
| | - Rakesh Shukla
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
- Division of Pharmacology
- CSIR-CDRI
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Cross-sectional association between serum concentrations of n-3 long-chain PUFA and depressive symptoms: results in Japanese community dwellers. Br J Nutr 2015; 115:672-80. [PMID: 26689657 PMCID: PMC4762234 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515004754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of n-3 long-chain PUFA (n-3 LCPUFA) on depression in healthy subjects is unclear, and most of the previous studies have focused on populations eating Western diets with lower fish intake. The present study investigated the association between blood levels of n-3 LCPUFA and depressive symptoms in Japanese community dwellers with higher n-3 LCPUFA blood levels. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2006 to 2008, including 1050 men and 1073 women aged 40 years or older from the National Institute for Longevity Sciences – the Longitudinal Study of Aging. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the OR and 95 % CI for a CES-D score ≥16. Serum concentrations of n-3 PUFA, but not n-6 PUFA, were inversely associated with depressive symptoms. Compared with the lowest quintile, the adjusted OR for serum EPA at the fourth and fifth quintiles were 0·55 (95 % CI 0·35, 0·85) and 0·64 (95 % CI 0·42, 0·98), respectively, and at the fifth quintile for DHA it was 0·58 (95 % CI 0·37, 0·92), for the presence of depressive symptoms (Pfor trend=0·013 and 0·011, respectively). Serum levels of EPA and DHA were inversely associated with depressive symptoms in Japanese community dwellers with higher blood levels of n-3 LCPUFA, suggesting that n-3 LCPUFA intakes corresponding to higher levels in a Japanese population may have implications for a lower prevalence of depression.
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Enriched Endogenous Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Protect Cortical Neurons from Experimental Ischemic Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6482-6488. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Plasma non-esterified docosahexaenoic acid is the major pool supplying the brain. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15791. [PMID: 26511533 PMCID: PMC4625162 DOI: 10.1038/srep15791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being critical for normal brain function, the pools that supply docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to the brain are not agreed upon. Using multiple kinetic models in free-living adult rats, we first demonstrate that DHA uptake from the plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) pool predicts brain uptake of DHA upon oral administration, which enters the plasma NEFA pool as well as multiple plasma esterified pools. The rate of DHA loss by the brain is similar to the uptake from the plasma NEFA pool. Furthermore, upon acute iv administration, although more radiolabeled lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-DHA enters the brain than NEFA-DHA, this is due to the longer plasma half-life and exposure to the brain. Direct comparison of the uptake rate of LPC-DHA and NEFA-DHA demonstrates that uptake of NEFA-DHA into the brain is 10-fold greater than LPC-DHA. In conclusion, plasma NEFA-DHA is the major plasma pool supplying the brain.
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Qin Y, Gu JW, Li GL, Xu XH, Yu K, Gao FB. Cerebral vasospasm and corticospinal tract injury induced by a modified rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurol Sci 2015; 358:193-200. [PMID: 26363925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Double-hemorrhage rat models of subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH) are most effective at simulating delayed cerebral vasospasms (CVS). The present study modified the models to minimize additional trauma and investigated injury of the corticospinal tract (CST) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). METHODS On the first day, 0.3ml of autologous arterial blood was collected by puncturing the caudal artery and injected into the cisterna magna via percutaneous puncture; and the operation was repeated on the third day. The diameters of the basilar artery (BA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) were measured by magnetic resonance angiography on days 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 post-SAH. Meanwhile, on days 3, 7, 11, 15 and 19, DTI was performed to evaluate the injury of the CST at cerebral peduncle (CP) and pyramidal tract (Py) by measuring fractional anisotropy (FA) value. RESULTS Blood was deposited mainly in the basal cistern. Diameters of BA, MCA, and ACA were significantly reduced. FA value of the CP was lower in the SAH group than in the control group; but FA value of Py wasn't different between the two groups. CONCLUSION This is a minimally-invasive and high performance rat model of SAH. Additionally, the occurrence of CVS is firm and the axons in CP are injured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qin
- Department of Postgraduate, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-wen Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Gai-li Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian-Hua Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Yu
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Fa-bao Gao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Combined Sepiapterin Reductase and Methylmalonyl-CoA Epimerase Deficiency in a Second Patient: Cerebrospinal Fluid Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Level and Follow-Up Under L-DOPA, 5-HTP and BH4 Trials. JIMD Rep 2015; 22:47-55. [PMID: 25763508 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2015_410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Objective/context: We describe the second patient presenting the combination of two homoallelic homozygous nonsense mutations in two genes distant from 1.8 Mb in the chromosome 2p13-3, the methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase gene (MCEE) and the sepiapterin reductase gene (SPR). CASE REPORT The patient was born from consanguineous parents. He has presented a moderate but constant methylmalonic acid (MMA) excretion in urine associated with a mental retardation. The first homozygous mutation was identified in the MCEE gene (c.139C>T; p.Arg47*). Progressive dystonia and cataplexy narcolepsy led to diagnose the second homozygous mutation in the SPR gene: c.751A>T; p.Lys251*. Sepiapterin reductase deficiency (SRD) was characterized by a defect in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), the cofactor of several hydroxylases needed for the synthesis of neurotransmitters. A treatment with L-DOPA/carbidopa and 5-HTP dramatically improved the dystonic posture, the mood and the hypersomnia, proving that the pathogenesis was due to SRD. A supplementation with BH4 did not induce additional clinical benefit, although HVA and HIAA increased in CSF. The polyunsaturated fatty acids were measured in CSF as the markers of the neuronal stress. We have shown that DHA and its precursor EPA were high before and during the time course of the different treatments. IN CONCLUSION The patient has inherited two copies of the two mutations from his consanguineous parents in the MCEE and SPR genes in the chromosome 2p13-3. DHA and EPA increased in CSF as a response to the neuronal stress induced by the defect in neurotransmitters or the altered metabolism of the odd-chain fatty acids and cholesterol.
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Hong SH, Khoutorova L, Bazan NG, Belayev L. Docosahexaenoic acid improves behavior and attenuates blood-brain barrier injury induced by focal cerebral ischemia in rats. EXPERIMENTAL & TRANSLATIONAL STROKE MEDICINE 2015; 7:3. [PMID: 25642315 PMCID: PMC4312454 DOI: 10.1186/s13231-014-0012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic brain injury disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and then triggers a cascade of events, leading to edema formation, secondary brain injury and poor neurological outcomes. Recently, we have shown that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) improves functional and histological outcomes following experimental stroke. However, little is known about the effect of DHA on BBB dysfunction after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The present study was designed to determine whether DHA protects against BBB disruption after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. METHODS Physiologically-controlled SD rats received 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). DHA (5 mg/kg) or vehicle (saline) was administered I.V. at 3 h after onset of MCAo. Fluorometric quantitation of Evans Blue dye (EB) was performed in eight brain regions at 6 h, 24 h or 72 h after MCAo. Fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC) - dextran leakage and histopathology was evaluated on day 3 after stroke. RESULTS Physiological variables were stable and showed no significant differences between groups. DHA improved neurological deficits at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h and decreased EB extravasation in the ischemic hemisphere at 6 h (by 30%), 24 h (by 48%) and 72 h (by 38%). In addition, EB extravasation was decreased by DHA in the cortex and total hemisphere as well. FITC-dextran leakage was reduced by DHA treatment on day 3 by 68% compared to the saline group. DHA treatment attenuated cortical (by 50%) and total infarct volume (by 38%) compared to vehicle-treated rats on day 3 after stroke. CONCLUSIONS DHA therapy diminishes BBB damage accompanied with the acceleration of behavioral recovery and attenuation of the infarct volume. It is reasonable to propose that DHA has the potential for treating focal ischemic stroke in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ha Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Larissa Khoutorova
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Ludmila Belayev
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA ; Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
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Harada S, Haruna Y, Aizawa F, Matsuura W, Nakamoto K, Yamashita T, Kasuya F, Tokuyama S. Involvement of GPR40, a long-chain free fatty acid receptor, in the production of central post-stroke pain after global cerebral ischemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 744:115-23. [PMID: 25281202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Central post-stroke pain (CPSP), one of the complications of cerebral ischemia and neuropathic pain syndrome, is associated with specific somatosensory abnormalities. Although CPSP is a serious problem, detailed underlying mechanisms and standard treatments for CPSP are not well established. In this study, we assessed the role of GPR40, a long-chain fatty acid receptor, showing anti-nociceptive effects, in CPSP. We also examined the role of astrocytes in CPSP due to their effects in mediating the release of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which act as potential GPR40 ligands. The aim of this study was to determine the interactions between CPSP and astrocyte/GPR40 signaling. Male ddY mice were subjected to 30 min of bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO). The development of hind paw mechanical hyperalgesia was measured after BCAO using the von Frey test. Neuronal damage was estimated by histological analysis on day 3 after BCAO. The thresholds for hind paw mechanical hyperalgesia were significantly decreased on days 1-28 after BCAO when compared with those of pre-BCAO assessments. BCAO-induced mechanical hyperalgesia was significantly decreased by intracerebroventricular injection of docosahexaenoic acid or GW9508, a GPR40 agonist; furthermore, these effects were reversed by GW1100, a GPR40 antagonist. The expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, an astrocytic marker, and some free fatty acids were significantly decreased 5h after BCAO, although no effects of BCAO were noted on hypothalamic GPR40 protein expression. Our data show that BCAO-induced mechanical hyperalgesia is possible to be regulated by astrocyte activation and stimulation of GPR40 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Harada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Yuka Haruna
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Fuka Aizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Wataru Matsuura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nakamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamashita
- Biochemical Toxicology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Kasuya
- Biochemical Toxicology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Shogo Tokuyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan.
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Pomponi M, Loria G, Salvati S, Di Biase A, Conte G, Villella C, Righino E, Ciciarelli C, Bria P, La Torre G, Pomponi M, Janiri L, Bentivoglio A. DHA effects in Parkinson disease depression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baga.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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