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Reddy A, Reddy RP, Roghani AK, Garcia RI, Khemka S, Pattoor V, Jacob M, Reddy PH, Sehar U. Artificial intelligence in Parkinson's disease: Early detection and diagnostic advancements. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102410. [PMID: 38972602 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, globally affecting men and women at an exponentially growing rate, with currently no cure. Disease progression starts when dopaminergic neurons begin to die. In PD, the loss of neurotransmitter, dopamine is responsible for the overall communication of neural cells throughout the body. Clinical symptoms of PD are slowness of movement, involuntary muscular contractions, speech & writing changes, lessened automatic movement, and chronic tremors in the body. PD occurs in both familial and sporadic forms and modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors and socioeconomic conditions cause PD. Early detectable diagnostics and treatments have been developed in the last several decades. However, we still do not have precise early detectable biomarkers and therapeutic agents/drugs that prevent and/or delay the disease process. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) science and machine learning tools have been promising in identifying early detectable markers with a greater rate of accuracy compared to past forms of treatment and diagnostic processes. Artificial intelligence refers to the intelligence exhibited by machines or software, distinct from the intelligence observed in humans that is based on neural networks in a form and can be used to diagnose the longevity and disease severity of disease. The term Machine Learning or Neural Networks is a blanket term used to identify an emerging technology that is created to work in the way of a "human brain" using many intertwined neurons to achieve the same level of raw intelligence as that of a brain. These processes have been used for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, to assess the severity of the patient's condition. In the current article, we discuss the prevalence and incidence of PD, and currently available diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. We also highlighted currently available artificial intelligence science and machine learning tools and their applications to detect disease and develop therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aananya Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Lubbock High School, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA.
| | - Ruhananhad P Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Lubbock High School, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA.
| | - Aryan Kia Roghani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Frenship High School, Lubbock, TX 79382, USA.
| | - Ricardo Isaiah Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Sachi Khemka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Vasanthkumar Pattoor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Michael Jacob
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department pf Speech, Language and Hearing Services, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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Sharma R, Bisht P, Kesharwani A, Murti K, Kumar N. Epigenetic modifications in Parkinson's disease: A critical review. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 975:176641. [PMID: 38754537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder expected to increase by over 50% by 2030 due to increasing life expectancy. The disease's hallmarks include slow movement, tremors, and postural instability. Impaired protein processing is a major factor in the pathophysiology of PD, leading to the buildup of aberrant protein aggregates, particularly misfolded α-synuclein, also known as Lewy bodies. These Lewy bodies lead to inflammation and further death of dopaminergic neurons, leading to imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, causing excessive uncontrollable movements called dyskinesias. It was previously suggested that a complex interplay involving hereditary and environmental variables causes the specific death of neurons in PD; however, the exact mechanism of the association involving the two primary modifiers is yet unknown. An increasing amount of research points to the involvement of epigenetics in the onset and course of several neurological conditions, such as PD. DNA methylation, post-modifications of histones, and non-coding RNAs are the primary examples of epigenetic alterations, that is defined as alterations to the expression of genes and functioning without modifications in DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications play a significant role in the development of PD, with genes such as Parkin, PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), DJ1, Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2), and alpha-synuclein associated with the disease. The aberrant epigenetic changes implicated in the pathophysiology of PD and their impact on the design of novel therapeutic approaches are the primary focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikant Sharma
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Priya Bisht
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institution of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Anuradha Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institution of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institution of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institution of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India.
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Thapa R, Moglad E, Afzal M, Gupta G, Bhat AA, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Pant K, Ali H, Paudel KR, Dureja H, Singh TG, Singh SK, Dua K. ncRNAs and their impact on dopaminergic neurons: Autophagy pathways in Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102327. [PMID: 38734148 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a complex neurological illness that causes severe motor and non-motor symptoms due to a gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The aetiology of PD is influenced by a variety of genetic, environmental, and cellular variables. One important aspect of this pathophysiology is autophagy, a crucial cellular homeostasis process that breaks down and recycles cytoplasmic components. Recent advances in genomic technologies have unravelled a significant impact of ncRNAs on the regulation of autophagy pathways, thereby implicating their roles in PD onset and progression. They are members of a family of RNAs that include miRNAs, circRNA and lncRNAs that have been shown to play novel pleiotropic functions in the pathogenesis of PD by modulating the expression of genes linked to autophagic activities and dopaminergic neuron survival. This review aims to integrate the current genetic paradigms with the therapeutic prospect of autophagy-associated ncRNAs in PD. By synthesizing the findings of recent genetic studies, we underscore the importance of ncRNAs in the regulation of autophagy, how they are dysregulated in PD, and how they represent novel dimensions for therapeutic intervention. The therapeutic promise of targeting ncRNAs in PD is discussed, including the barriers that need to be overcome and future directions that must be embraced to funnel these ncRNA molecules for the treatment and management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Thapa
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India.
| | - Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kumud Pant
- Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, India; Graphic Era Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, India
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
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Bou Ghanem A, Hussayni Y, Kadbey R, Ratel Y, Yehya S, Khouzami L, Ghadieh HE, Kanaan A, Azar S, Harb F. Exploring the complexities of 1C metabolism: implications in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1322419. [PMID: 38239489 PMCID: PMC10794399 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1322419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay of one-carbon metabolism (OCM) with various cellular processes has garnered substantial attention due to its fundamental implications in several biological processes. OCM serves as a pivotal hub for methyl group donation in vital biochemical reactions, influencing DNA methylation, protein synthesis, and redox balance. In the context of aging, OCM dysregulation can contribute to epigenetic modifications and aberrant redox states, accentuating cellular senescence and age-associated pathologies. Furthermore, OCM's intricate involvement in cancer progression is evident through its capacity to provide essential one-carbon units crucial for nucleotide synthesis and DNA methylation, thereby fueling uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumor development. In neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, perturbations in OCM pathways are implicated in the dysregulation of neurotransmitter synthesis and mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing to disease pathophysiology. This review underscores the profound impact of OCM in diverse disease contexts, reinforcing the need for a comprehensive understanding of its molecular complexities to pave the way for targeted therapeutic interventions across inflammation, aging and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Bou Ghanem
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Yaman Hussayni
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Raghid Kadbey
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Yara Ratel
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Shereen Yehya
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Lara Khouzami
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hilda E. Ghadieh
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
- AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amjad Kanaan
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Sami Azar
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Frederic Harb
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
- AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Rizzuti M, Sali L, Melzi V, Scarcella S, Costamagna G, Ottoboni L, Quetti L, Brambilla L, Papadimitriou D, Verde F, Ratti A, Ticozzi N, Comi GP, Corti S, Gagliardi D. Genomic and transcriptomic advances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102126. [PMID: 37972860 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common motor neuron disease. ALS shows substantial clinical and molecular heterogeneity. In vitro and in vivo models coupled with multiomic techniques have provided important contributions to unraveling the pathomechanisms underlying ALS. To date, despite promising results and accumulating knowledge, an effective treatment is still lacking. Here, we provide an overview of the literature on the use of genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics and microRNAs to deeply investigate the molecular mechanisms developing and sustaining ALS. We report the most relevant genes implicated in ALS pathogenesis, discussing the use of different high-throughput sequencing techniques and the role of epigenomic modifications. Furthermore, we present transcriptomic studies discussing the most recent advances, from microarrays to bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing. Finally, we discuss the use of microRNAs as potential biomarkers and promising tools for molecular intervention. The integration of data from multiple omic approaches may provide new insights into pathogenic pathways in ALS by shedding light on diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, helping to stratify patients into clinically relevant subgroups, revealing novel therapeutic targets and supporting the development of new effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Rizzuti
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Sali
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Melzi
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Scarcella
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Costamagna
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Ottoboni
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Quetti
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brambilla
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federico Verde
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Delia Gagliardi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Zhang D, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang G, Tang P, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ouyang L. Targeting epigenetic modifications in Parkinson's disease therapy. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1748-1777. [PMID: 37119043 DOI: 10.1002/med.21962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disease due to a complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors. Recent efforts shed new light on the epigenetic mechanisms involved in regulating pathways related to the development of PD, including DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications of histones, and the presence of microRNA (miRNA or miR). Epigenetic regulators are potential therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders. In the review, we aim to summarize mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in PD, and describe how the DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylases, and histone acetyltransferases that mediate the key processes of PD are attractive therapeutic targets. We discuss the use of inhibitors and/or activators of these regulators in PD models or patients, and how these small molecule epigenetic modulators elicit neuroprotective effects. Further more, given the importance of miRNAs in PD, their contributions to the underlying mechanisms of PD will be discussed as well, together with miRNA-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Tang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
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Mannino D, Scuderi SA, Casili G, Bova V, Cucinotta L, Lanza M, Filippone A, Esposito E, Paterniti I. Neuroprotective effects of GSK-343 in an in vivo model of MPTP-induced nigrostriatal degeneration. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:155. [PMID: 37391829 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons, which causes disabling motor disorders. Scientific findings support the role of epigenetics mechanism in the development and progression of many neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. In this field, some studies highlighted an upregulation of Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in the brains of PD patients, indicating the possible pathogenic role of this methyltransferase in PD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of GSK-343, an EZH2 inhibitor, in an in vivo model of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dopaminergic degeneration. Specifically, nigrostriatal degeneration was induced by MPTP intraperitoneal injection. GSK-343 was administered intraperitoneally daily at doses of 1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, mice were killed 7 days after MPTP injection. Our results demonstrated that GSK-343 treatment significantly improved behavioral deficits and reduced the alteration of PD hallmarks. Furthermore, GSK-343 administration significantly attenuated the neuroinflammatory state through the modulation of canonical and non-canonical NF-κB/IκBα pathway as well as the cytokines expression and glia activation, also reducing the apoptosis process. In conclusion, the obtained results provide further evidence that epigenetic mechanisms play a pathogenic role in PD demonstrating that the inhibition of EZH2, mediated by GSK-343, could be considered a valuable pharmacological strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Mannino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Sarah Adriana Scuderi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Valentina Bova
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Cucinotta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Lu Y, Wang G. Targeting epigenetics as a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shao X, Vishweswaraiah S, Čuperlović-Culf M, Yilmaz A, Greenwood CMT, Surendra A, McGuinness B, Passmore P, Kehoe PG, Maddens ME, Bennett SAL, Green BD, Radhakrishna U, Graham SF. Dementia with Lewy bodies post-mortem brains reveal differentially methylated CpG sites with biomarker potential. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1279. [PMID: 36418427 PMCID: PMC9684551 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common form of dementia with known genetic and environmental interactions. However, the underlying epigenetic mechanisms which reflect these gene-environment interactions are poorly studied. Herein, we measure genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of post-mortem brain tissue (Broadmann area 7) from 15 pathologically confirmed DLB brains and compare them with 16 cognitively normal controls using Illumina MethylationEPIC arrays. We identify 17 significantly differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) and 17 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between the groups. The DMCs are mainly located at the CpG islands, promoter and first exon regions. Genes associated with the DMCs are linked to "Parkinson's disease" and "metabolic pathway", as well as the diseases of "severe intellectual disability" and "mood disorders". Overall, our study highlights previously unreported DMCs offering insights into DLB pathogenesis with the possibility that some of these could be used as biomarkers of DLB in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Shao
- National Research Council of Canada, Digital Technologies Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada.
| | | | - Miroslava Čuperlović-Culf
- National Research Council of Canada, Digital Technologies Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, sand Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- Beaumont Research Institute, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Celia M T Greenwood
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Anuradha Surendra
- National Research Council of Canada, Digital Technologies Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bernadette McGuinness
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Peter Passmore
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Patrick G Kehoe
- Dementia Research Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael E Maddens
- Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- Beaumont Research Institute, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Steffany A L Bennett
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, sand Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian D Green
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Uppala Radhakrishna
- Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- Beaumont Research Institute, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Stewart F Graham
- Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
- Beaumont Research Institute, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA.
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10
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Cocoa Extract Provides Protection against 6-OHDA Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Dopaminergic Neurons by Targeting PERK. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082009. [PMID: 36009556 PMCID: PMC9405838 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) represents one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by a dopamine (DA) deficiency in striatal synapses and misfolded toxic α-synuclein aggregates with concomitant cytotoxicity. In this regard, the misfolded proteins accumulation in neurodegenerative disorders induces a remarkable perturbations of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis leading to persistent ER stress, which in turn, effects protein synthesis, modification, and folding quality control. A large body of evidence suggests that natural products target the ER stress signaling pathway, exerting a potential action in cancers, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to assess the neuroprotective effect of cocoa extract and its purified fractions against a cellular model of Parkinson’s disease represented by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, the ability of cocoa to specifically targets PERK sensor, with significant antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities as both crude and fractioning extracts. In addition, cocoa also showed antiapoptotic properties in 3D cell model and a notable ability to inhibit the accumulation of α-synuclein in 6-OHDA-induced cells. Overall, these results indicate that cocoa exerts neuroprotective effects suggesting a novel possible strategy to prevent or, at least, mitigate neurodegenerative disorders, such as PD.
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11
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Park J, Lee K, Kim K, Yi SJ. The role of histone modifications: from neurodevelopment to neurodiseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:217. [PMID: 35794091 PMCID: PMC9259618 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and microRNA expression, play critical roles in cell differentiation and organ development through spatial and temporal gene regulation. Neurogenesis is a sophisticated and complex process by which neural stem cells differentiate into specialized brain cell types at specific times and regions of the brain. A growing body of evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modifications, allow the fine-tuning and coordination of spatiotemporal gene expressions during neurogenesis. Aberrant histone modifications contribute to the development of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Herein, recent progress in understanding histone modifications in regulating embryonic and adult neurogenesis is comprehensively reviewed. The histone modifications implicated in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases are also covered, and future directions in this area are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyubin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Ju Yi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Li S, Le W, Deng H. Editorial: Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:842709. [PMID: 35464312 PMCID: PMC9019164 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.842709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Song Li
| | - Weidong Le
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hao Deng
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13
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Environmental Impact on the Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis: A Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020175. [PMID: 35203939 PMCID: PMC8870303 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with an unclear etiology and no disease-modifying treatment to date. PD is considered a multifactorial disease, since both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis, although the molecular mechanisms linking these two key disease modifiers remain obscure. In this context, epigenetic mechanisms that alter gene expression without affecting the DNA sequence through DNA methylation, histone post-transcriptional modifications, and non-coding RNAs may represent the key mediators of the genetic–environmental interactions underlying PD pathogenesis. Environmental exposures may cause chemical alterations in several cellular functions, including gene expression. Emerging evidence has highlighted that smoking, coffee consumption, pesticide exposure, and heavy metals (manganese, arsenic, lead, etc.) may potentially affect the risk of PD development at least partially via epigenetic modifications. Herein, we discuss recent accumulating pre-clinical and clinical evidence of the impact of lifestyle and environmental factors on the epigenetic mechanisms underlying PD development, aiming to shed more light on the pathogenesis and stimulate future research.
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14
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Hong X, Guo W, Li S. Lower Blood Lipid Level Is Associated with the Occurrence of Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:9773038. [PMID: 35801143 PMCID: PMC9203242 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9773038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The changes of blood lipid levels in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and its clinical relevance remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the potential association of blood lipid and the occurrence of PD, to provide evidence to the clinical treatment and nursing care of PD. METHODS We searched PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Database, Weipu Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for studies related to the blood lipid levels and PD until November 30, 2021. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extricated the data including the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of included studies. RevMan5.3 and Stata 12.0 software were used for statistical processing and analysis. RESULTS A total of 15 cohort studies with 9740 participants involving 2032 PD patients and 7708 controls were included. Meta-analysis indicated that TC (SMD = -0.29, 95% CI -0.55∼-0.03, P=0.04), TG (SMD = -16.83, 95% CI -20.71∼-12.95, P < 0.001), HDL-C (SMD = -0.14, 95% CI -0.26∼-0.02, P < 0.001) and LDL-C (SMD = -0.26, 95% CI -0.50∼-0.01, P=0.04) level in the PD patients was significantly lower than that of health controls. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were stable. No significant publication bias was found between the synthesized outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Lower blood TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C level are associated with the occurrence of PD. Limited by sample size and study population, further high-quality, large-sample clinical trials in different areas are needed to further determine the relationship between blood lipids and PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Hong
- General Medical Department, Changshou Community Healthcare Center of Putuo District, Shanghai 200060, China
| | - Wenting Guo
- General Medical Department, West Nanjing Road Community Healthcare Center of Jingan District, Shanghai 200041, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Emergency Department, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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15
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Bekdash RA. Early Life Nutrition and Mental Health: The Role of DNA Methylation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093111. [PMID: 34578987 PMCID: PMC8469584 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Does the quality of our diet during early life impact our long-term mental health? Accumulating evidence suggests that nutrition interacts with our genes and that there is a strong association between the quality of diet and mental health throughout life. Environmental influences such as maternal diet during pregnancy or offspring diet have been shown to cause epigenetic changes during critical periods of development, such as chemical modifications of DNA or histones by methylation for the regulation of gene expression. One-carbon metabolism, which consists of the folate and methionine cycles, is influenced by the diet and generates S-Adenosylmethinoine (SAM), the main methyl donor for methylation reactions such as DNA and histone methylation. This review provides current knowledge on how the levels of one-carbon metabolism associated micronutrients such as choline, betaine, folate, methionine and B vitamins that play a role in brain function can impact our well-being and mental health across the lifespan. Micronutrients that act as methyl donors for SAM formation could affect global or gene methylation, altering gene expression and phenotype. Strategies should then be adopted to better understand how these nutrients work and their impact at different stages of development to provide individualized dietary recommendations for better mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola A Bekdash
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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16
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Murthy M, Cheng YY, Holton JL, Bettencourt C. Neurodegenerative movement disorders: An epigenetics perspective and promise for the future. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:897-909. [PMID: 34318515 PMCID: PMC9291277 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative movement disorders (NMDs) are age‐dependent disorders that are characterised by the degeneration and loss of neurons, typically accompanied by pathological accumulation of different protein aggregates in the brain, which lead to motor symptoms. NMDs include Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Huntington's disease, among others. Epigenetic modifications are responsible for functional gene regulation during development, adult life and ageing and have progressively been implicated in complex diseases such as cancer and more recently in neurodegenerative diseases, such as NMDs. DNA methylation is by far the most widely studied epigenetic modification and consists of the reversible addition of a methyl group to the DNA without changing the DNA sequence. Although this research field is still in its infancy in relation to NMDs, an increasing number of studies point towards a role for DNA methylation in disease processes. This review addresses recent advances in epigenetic and epigenomic research in NMDs, with a focus on human brain DNA methylation studies. We discuss the current understanding of the DNA methylation changes underlying these disorders, the potential for use of these DNA modifications in peripheral tissues as biomarkers in early disease detection, classification and progression as well as a promising role in future disease management and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Murthy
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Yun Yung Cheng
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Janice L Holton
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Conceição Bettencourt
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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17
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Takada N, Nakamura Y, Ikeda K, Takaoka N, Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Sanoh S, Kotake Y, Nakata Y, Morioka N. Treatment with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Attenuates Peripheral Inflammation-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction and Microglial Activation: The Effect of SAHA as a Peripheral HDAC Inhibitor. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2285-2296. [PMID: 34081246 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that peripheral inflammation induces cognitive dysfunction. Several histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in animal models of not only peripheral inflammation but also Alzheimer's disease. However, it is not clear which HDAC expressed in the central nervous system or peripheral tissues is involved in the therapeutic effect of HDAC inhibition on cognitive dysfunction. Hence, the present study investigated the effect of peripheral HDAC inhibition on peripheral inflammation-induced cognitive dysfunction. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a pan-HDAC inhibitor that is mainly distributed in peripheral tissues after intraperitoneal administration, was found to prevent peripheral inflammation-induced cognitive dysfunction. Moreover, pretreatment with SAHA dramatically increased mRNA expression of interleukin-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in peripheral and central tissues and attenuated peripheral inflammation-induced microglial activation in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Minocycline, a macrophage/microglia inhibitor, also ameliorated cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, as a result of treatment with liposomal clodronate, depletion of peripheral macrophages partially ameliorated the peripheral inflammation-evoked cognitive dysfunction. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that inhibition of peripheral HDAC plays a critical role in preventing cognitive dysfunction induced by peripheral inflammation via the regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine production and the inhibition of microglial functions in the hippocampus. Thus, these findings could provide support for inhibition of peripheral HDAC as a novel therapeutic strategy for inflammation-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takada
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yoki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Naoki Takaoka
- Department of Neurochemistry and Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichibancho, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan
| | - Kazue Hisaoka-Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Department of Neurochemistry and Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichibancho, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan
| | - Yaichiro Kotake
- Department of Neurochemistry and Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakata
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
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18
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Xu F, Wang H, Tian J, Xu H. Down-Regulation of ID2-AS1 Alleviates the Neuronal Injury Induced by 1-Methy1-4-Phenylpyridinium in Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line SH-SY5Y Cells Through Regulating miR-199a-5p/IFNAR1/JAK2/STAT1 Axis. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2192-2203. [PMID: 34050453 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to illustrate the roles and molecular mechanisms of ID2-AS1 in parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: qRT-PCR detected the expression of ID2-AS1. CCK-8, LDH release assays the effect of ID2-AS1 knockdown on PD cells. Flow cytometry and Western Blot were used to detect the effect of ID2-AS1 inhibition on PD cell apoptosis. ELISA analysis showed that ID2-AS1 inhibition can reduce the inflammation of PD cells. ROS activity assay showed that inhibiting ID2-AS1 attenuated the oxidative stress induced by 1-methy1-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assay showed that ID2-AS1 is mainly located in the cytoplasm. The luciferase reporter assay is used to verify the interaction. In our study, ID2-AS1 was concentration-dependently and time-dependently up-regulated in MPP+ -treated human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. ID2-AS1 knockdown enhanced cell proliferation and decreased cell death in PD cells. Knockdown of ID2-AS1 attenuates MPP+ -induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. ID2-AS1 is a sponge of miR-199a-5p. IFNAR1 is a target of miR-199a-5p. Inhibition of miR-199a-5p and overexpression of IFNAR1 alleviate the inhibitory effect of ID2-AS1 knockdown on MPP+ triggered neuronal injury. Inhibition of miR-199a-5p and overexpression of IFNAR1 alleviate the inhibitory effect of ID2-AS1 knockdown on MPP+ -triggered JAK2/STAT1 activation. Overall, down-regulation of ID2-AS1 alleviated the neuronal injury in PD through regulating miR-199a-5p/IFNAR1/JAK2/STAT1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Xu
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Tian
- Department of Functional Inspection, Qingdao 8th People's Hospital, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 473 Han Zheng street Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430033, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Histone Methylation Regulation in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094654. [PMID: 33925016 PMCID: PMC8125694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances achieved with molecular biology and genomics technologies have permitted investigators to discover epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone posttranslational modifications, which are critical for gene expression in almost all tissues and in brain health and disease. These advances have influenced much interest in understanding the dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms in neurodegenerative disorders. Although these disorders diverge in their fundamental causes and pathophysiology, several involve the dysregulation of histone methylation-mediated gene expression. Interestingly, epigenetic remodeling via histone methylation in specific brain regions has been suggested to play a critical function in the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders, including that related to neurodegenerative diseases. Prominently, epigenetic dysregulation currently brings considerable interest as an essential player in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and drugs of abuse, including alcohol abuse disorder, where it may facilitate connections between genetic and environmental risk factors or directly influence disease-specific pathological factors. We have discussed the current state of histone methylation, therapeutic strategies, and future perspectives for these disorders. While not somatically heritable, the enzymes responsible for histone methylation regulation, such as histone methyltransferases and demethylases in neurons, are dynamic and reversible. They have become promising potential therapeutic targets to treat or prevent several neurodegenerative disorders. These findings, along with clinical data, may provide links between molecular-level changes and behavioral differences and provide novel avenues through which the epigenome may be targeted early on in people at risk for neurodegenerative disorders.
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20
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Li X, Liu T, Wu TT, Feng Y, Peng SJ, Yin H, Wu YC. SIRT1 Deacetylates TET2 and Promotes Its Ubiquitination Degradation to Achieve Neuroprotection Against Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 12:652882. [PMID: 33935952 PMCID: PMC8082066 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.652882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation, play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the relationship between DNA methylation and histone acetylation in PD is not fully understood. Previous studies have shown that patients with PD exhibit an epigenetic and transcriptional upregulation of Ten-Eleven Translocation 2 (TET2), a member of the DNA hydroxylases family. Silence information regulator 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent histone deacetylase, also plays a critical role in PD development and might be a potential target for PD therapy. Our previous data indicated that demethylation in the Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) promoter by the TET2 directly activated its expression, then promoted the cell cycle arrest and cell death induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+). In this study, we found that the enzyme activity of SIRT1 is negatively correlated with the protein level of TET2. In addition, the deacetylation of TET2 induced by SIRT1 promotes TET2 degradation via the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Furthermore, the activation of endogenous SIRT1 by resveratrol (RV) leads to CDKN2A DNA hypermethylation due to the decreased TET2 protein levels, which relieves the inhibitory effect on CDK4 and upregulation of pRb, allowing cell proliferation and growth. Similar effects are observed for the inhibition of endogenous TET2 enzyme activity with TET2 inhibitor. Together, we discover a new mechanism by which the SIRT1-TET2-CDKN2A pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of PD, which may provide a potential target for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Jia Peng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Cheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Beaver M, Bhatnagar A, Panikker P, Zhang H, Snook R, Parmar V, Vijayakumar G, Betini N, Akhter S, Elefant F. Disruption of Tip60 HAT mediated neural histone acetylation homeostasis is an early common event in neurodegenerative diseases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18265. [PMID: 33106538 PMCID: PMC7588445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation is a common mechanism shared by molecularly and clinically heterogenous neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Histone acetylation homeostasis, maintained by the antagonistic activity of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), is necessary for appropriate gene expression and neuronal function. Disruption of neural acetylation homeostasis has been implicated in multiple types of NDs including Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet mechanisms underlying alterations remain unclear. We show that like AD, disruption of Tip60 HAT/HDAC2 balance with concomitant epigenetic repression of common Tip60 target neuroplasticity genes occurs early in multiple types of Drosophila ND models such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntington's Disease (HD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Repressed neuroplasticity genes show reduced enrichment of Tip60 and epigentic acetylation signatures at all gene loci examined with certain genes showing inappropriate HDAC2 repressor enrichment. Functional neuronal consequences for these disease conditions are reminiscent of human pathology and include locomotion, synapse morphology, and short-term memory deficits. Increasing Tip60 HAT levels specifically in the mushroom body learning and memory center in the Drosophila brain protects against locomotion and short-term memory function deficits in multiple NDs. Together, our results support a model by which Tip60 protects against neurological impairments in different NDs via similar modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah Beaver
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, PISB 312, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Akanksha Bhatnagar
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, PISB 312, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Priyalakshmi Panikker
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, PISB 312, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Haolin Zhang
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, PISB 312, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Renee Snook
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, PISB 312, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Visha Parmar
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, PISB 312, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gayathri Vijayakumar
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, PISB 312, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Niteesha Betini
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, PISB 312, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sunya Akhter
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, PISB 312, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Felice Elefant
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, PISB 312, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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22
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Imbalance of Lysine Acetylation Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197182. [PMID: 33003340 PMCID: PMC7582258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. The neuropathological features of PD are selective and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, deficiencies in striatal dopamine levels, and the presence of intracellular Lewy bodies. Interactions among aging and genetic and environmental factors are considered to underlie the common etiology of PD, which involves multiple changes in cellular processes. Recent studies suggest that changes in lysine acetylation and deacetylation of many proteins, including histones and nonhistone proteins, might be tightly associated with PD pathogenesis. Here, we summarize the changes in lysine acetylation of both histones and nonhistone proteins, as well as the related lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) and lysine deacetylases (KDACs), in PD patients and various PD models. We discuss the potential roles and underlying mechanisms of these changes in PD and highlight that restoring the balance of lysine acetylation/deacetylation of histones and nonhistone proteins is critical for PD treatment. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different KAT/KDAC inhibitors or activators in the treatment of PD models and emphasize that SIRT1 and SIRT3 activators and SIRT2 inhibitors are the most promising effective therapeutics for PD.
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Bae HJ, Kim J, Jeon SJ, Kim J, Goo N, Jeong Y, Cho K, Cai M, Jung SY, Kwon KJ, Ryu JH. Green tea extract containing enhanced levels of epimerized catechins attenuates scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112923. [PMID: 32360798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Green tea has been used as a traditional medicine to control brain function and digestion. Recent works suggest that drinking green tea could prevent cognitive function impairment. During tea manufacturing processes, such as brewing and sterilization, green tea catechins are epimerized. However, the effects of heat-epimerized catechins on cognitive function are still unknown. To take this advantage, we developed a new green tea extract, high temperature processed-green tea extract (HTP-GTE), which has a similar catechin composition to green tea beverages. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the effect of HTP-GTE on scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction and neuronal differentiation, and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The neuronal differentiation promoting effects of HTP-GTE in SH-SY5Y cells was assessed by evaluating neurite length and the expression level of synaptophysin. The DNA methylation status at the synaptophysin promoter was determined in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and in the hippocampi of mice. HTP-GTE was administered for 10 days at doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg (p.o.) to mice, and its effects on cognitive functions were measured by Y-maze and passive avoidance tests under scopolamine-induced cholinergic blockade state. RESULTS HTP-GTE induced neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth via the upregulation of synaptophysin gene expression. These beneficial effects of HTP-GTE resulted from reducing DNA methylation levels at the synaptophysin promoter via the suppression of DNMT1 activity. The administration of HTP-GTE ameliorated cognitive impairments in a scopolamine-treated mouse model. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HTP-GTE could alleviate cognitive impairment by regulating synaptophysin expression and DNA methylation levels. Taken together, HTP-GTE would be a promising treatment for the cognitive impairment observed in dysfunction of the cholinergic neurotransmitter system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jung Bae
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Goo
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwoo Jeong
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungnam Cho
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mudan Cai
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yun Jung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ja Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Bernaus A, Blanco S, Sevilla A. Glia Crosstalk in Neuroinflammatory Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:209. [PMID: 32848613 PMCID: PMC7403442 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation constitutes a fundamental cellular process to signal the loss of brain homeostasis. Glial cells play a central role in orchestrating these neuroinflammation processes in both deleterious and beneficial ways. These cellular responses depend on their intercellular interactions with neurons, astrocytes, the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and infiltrated T cells in the central nervous system (CNS). However, this intercellular crosstalk seems to be activated by specific stimuli for each different neurological scenario. This review summarizes key studies linking neuroinflammation with certain neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and for the development of better therapeutic strategies based on immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Bernaus
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Blanco
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Sevilla
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Calió ML, Henriques E, Siena A, Bertoncini CRA, Gil-Mohapel J, Rosenstock TR. Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neurogenesis, and Epigenetics: Putative Implications for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Neurodegeneration and Treatment. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:679. [PMID: 32760239 PMCID: PMC7373761 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and devastating multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. Although the pathogenesis of ALS is still not completely understood, numerous studies suggest that mitochondrial deregulation may be implicated in its onset and progression. Interestingly, mitochondrial deregulation has also been associated with changes in neural stem cells (NSC) proliferation, differentiation, and migration. In this review, we highlight the importance of mitochondrial function for neurogenesis, and how both processes are correlated and may contribute to the pathogenesis of ALS; we have focused primarily on preclinical data from animal models of ALS, since to date no studies have evaluated this link using human samples. As there is currently no cure and no effective therapy to counteract ALS, we have also discussed how improving neurogenic function by epigenetic modulation could benefit ALS. In support of this hypothesis, changes in histone deacetylation can alter mitochondrial function, which in turn might ameliorate cellular proliferation as well as neuronal differentiation and migration. We propose that modulation of epigenetics, mitochondrial function, and neurogenesis might provide new hope for ALS patients, and studies exploring these new territories are warranted in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisandra Henriques
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Siena
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clélia Rejane Antonio Bertoncini
- CEDEME, Center of Development of Experimental Models for Medicine and Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Division of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Victoria and Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Tatiana Rosado Rosenstock
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Epigenetics in Lewy Body Diseases: Impact on Gene Expression, Utility as a Biomarker, and Possibilities for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134718. [PMID: 32630630 PMCID: PMC7369933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lewy body disorders (LBD) include Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). They are synucleinopathies with a heterogeneous clinical manifestation. As a cause of neuropathological overlap with other neurodegenerative diseases, the establishment of a correct clinical diagnosis is still challenging, and clinical management may be difficult. The combination of genetic variation and epigenetic changes comprising gene expression-modulating DNA methylation and histone alterations modifies the phenotype, disease course, and susceptibility to disease. In this review, we summarize the results achieved in the deciphering of the LBD epigenome. To provide an appropriate context, first LBD genetics is briefly outlined. Afterwards, a detailed review of epigenetic modifications identified for LBD in human cells, postmortem, and peripheral tissues is provided. We also focus on the difficulty of identifying epigenome-related biomarker candidates and discuss the results obtained so far. Additionally, epigenetic changes as therapeutic targets, as well as different epigenome-based treatments, are revised. The number of studies focusing on PD is relatively limited and practically inexistent for DLB. There is a lack of replication studies, and some results are even contradictory, probably due to differences in sample collection and analytical techniques. In summary, we show the current achievements and directions for future research.
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27
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The class II histone deacetylases as therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease. Neuronal Signal 2020; 4:NS20200001. [PMID: 32714601 PMCID: PMC7373248 DOI: 10.1042/ns20200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by specific motor impairments. The neuropathological hallmarks of PD include progressive degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, and loss of their axonal projections to the striatum. Additionally, there is progressive accumulation and spread of intracellular aggregates of α-synuclein. Although dopamine-replacement pharmacotherapy can treat PD symptoms in the short-term, there is a critical need for the development of disease-modifying therapies based on an understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms. One such mechanism is histone acetylation, which is a common epigenetic modification that alters gene transcription. A number of studies have described alterations in histone acetylation in the brains of PD patients. Moreover, α-synuclein accumulation has been linked to alterations in histone acetylation and pharmacological strategies aimed at modulating histone acetylation are under investigation as novel approaches to disease modification in PD. Currently, such strategies are focused predominantly on pan-inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes. Inhibition of specific individual HDAC enzymes is a more targeted strategy that may allow for future clinical translation. However, the most appropriate class of HDACs that should be targeted for neuroprotection in PD is still unclear. Recent work has shed new light on the role of class-II HDACs in dopaminergic degeneration. For this reason, here we describe the regulation of histone acetylation, outline the evidence for alterations in histone acetylation in the PD brain, and focus on the roles of class II HDACs and the potential of class-II HDAC inhibition as a therapeutic approach for neuroprotection in PD.
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28
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Thompson C, Otero P, Srinageshwar B, Petersen RB, Dunbar GL, Rossignol J. Possible roles of epigenetics in stem cell therapy for Parkinson's disease. Epigenomics 2020; 12:647-656. [PMID: 32396465 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with loss of dopaminergic neurons. PD has genetic and epigenetic influences that determine specific changes in the brain. Epigenetic changes result in defective methylation of genes leading to differential gene-expression causing PD. This review provides an overview of stem cell transplantations as potential therapies for PD, with a focus on the epigenetic changes, prior or following transplantation. To date, no reports have addressed epigenetic alterations following stem cell transplantation into the PD brain. Given the potential for affecting the efficacy of stem cell therapy, increased attention needs to be given to the epigenetic processes that occur during stem cell culture and transplantation to maximize the therapeutic potential of stem cells to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Thompson
- Field Neurosciences Institute laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Paulina Otero
- Field Neurosciences Institute laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Bhairavi Srinageshwar
- Field Neurosciences Institute laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.,College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Robert B Petersen
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Gary L Dunbar
- Field Neurosciences Institute laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.,College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.,Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.,Field Neurosciences Institute, St. Mary's of Michigan, Saginaw, MI 48604, USA
| | - Julien Rossignol
- Field Neurosciences Institute laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.,College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
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29
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He X, Yang L, Huang R, Lin L, Shen Y, Cheng L, Jin L, Wang S, Zhu R. Activation of CB2R with AM1241 ameliorates neurodegeneration via the Xist/miR-133b-3p/Pitx3 axis. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6032-6042. [PMID: 31989652 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Activation of cannabinoid receptor type II (CB2R) by AM1241 has been demonstrated to protect dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) animals. However, the specific mechanisms of the action of the CB2R agonist AM1241 for PD treatment have not been characterized. Wild-type (WT), CB1R knockout (CB1-KO), and CB2R knockout (CB2-KO) mice were exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 1 week to obtain a PD mouse model. The therapeutic effects of AM1241 were evaluated in each group. Behavioral tests, analysis of neurotransmitters, and immunofluorescence results demonstrated that AM1241 ameliorated PD in WT animals and CB1-KO animals. However, AM1241 did not ameliorate PD symptoms in CB2-KO mice. RNA-seq analysis identified the lncRNA Xist as an important regulator of the protective actions of AM1241. Specifically, AM1241 allowed WT and CB1-KO animals treated with MPTP to maintain normal expression of Xist, which affected the expression of miR-133b-3p and Pitx3. In vitro, overexpression of Xist or AM1241 protected neuronal cells from death induced by 6-hydroxydopamine and increased Pitx3 expression. The CB2 receptor agonist AM1241 alleviated PD via regulation of the Xist/miR-133b-3p/Pitx3 axis, and revealed a new approach for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolie He
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqi Huang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Lin
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijue Shen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingjing Jin
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shilong Wang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Kilzheimer A, Hentrich T, Burkhardt S, Schulze-Hentrich JM. The Challenge and Opportunity to Diagnose Parkinson's Disease in Midlife. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1328. [PMID: 31920948 PMCID: PMC6928126 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder that affects extensive regions of the nervous system. Its current clinical diagnosis is based on motor symptoms that appear late during disease progression when substantial proportions of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron population are lost already. Although disturbances in sleep and other biofunctions often surface years prior to motor impairments and point to a long prodromal phase, these phenotypic signs in a person's midlife lack predictive power. They do, however, signal the unfolding of the disease and suggest molecular correlates that begin deviating early on. Revealing such trajectories, hence, promises not only a better understanding of prodromal PD but may also enable a much-needed earlier diagnosis. A nexus that may harbor such molecular trajectories is the epigenome as key etiological factors of PD-genetics, age, and environment-influence this substrate. An earlier diagnosis would also allow earlier interventions and lifestyle adjustments to improve brain function and reduce symptoms. In this review, we describe the challenges of diagnosing PD early on and highlight the opportunities that may arise from steering research efforts towards comprehensive interrogations of molecular layers during the long-time neglected midlife phase. In particular, we emphasize how existing cohorts of at-risk individuals, available animal models, and suitable markers may come together and aid in revealing molecular trajectories that offer diagnostic utility for PD in its prodromal stage.
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31
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miR-124 and Parkinson's disease: A biomarker with therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Res 2019; 150:104515. [PMID: 31707035 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder, attributed to a complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors. Although the exact etiology of the disease remains elusive, dysregulation of signaling pathways implicated in cell survival, apoptosis, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, oxidative damage and neuroinflammation, contributes to its pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRs) are endogenous short non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. MiR-124 is one of the most abundantly expressed miRs in the brain that participates in neurogenesis, synapse morphology, neurotransmission, inflammation, autophagy and mitochondrial function. Accumulating pre-clinical evidence shows that miR-124 may act through calpain 1/p25/cyclin-dependent kinases 5 (CDK5), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim), 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated pathways to regulate cell survival, apoptosis, autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and neuroinflammation in PD. Moreover, clinical evidence indicates that reduced plasma miR-124 levels may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker in PD. This review provides an update of the pathogenic implication of miR-124 activity in PD and discusses its targeting potential for the development of future therapeutic strategies.
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Cobos SN, Bennett SA, Torrente MP. The impact of histone post-translational modifications in neurodegenerative diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1982-1991. [PMID: 30352259 PMCID: PMC6475498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Every year, neurodegenerative disorders take more than 5000 lives in the US alone. Cures have not yet been found for many of the multitude of neuropathies. The majority of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) cases have no known genetic basis. Thus, it is evident that contemporary genetic approaches have failed to explain the etiology or etiologies of ALS/FTD and PD. Recent investigations have explored the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in disease development. Epigenetics comprises heritable changes in gene utilization that are not derived from changes in the genome. A main epigenetic mechanism involves the post-translational modification of histones. Increased knowledge of the epigenomic landscape of neurodegenerative diseases would not only further our understanding of the disease pathologies, but also lead to the development of treatments able to halt their progress. Here, we review recent advances on the association of histone post-translational modifications with ALS, FTD, PD and several ataxias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N Cobos
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States; Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Seth A Bennett
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States; Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Mariana P Torrente
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States; Ph.D. Programs in Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Biology, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York 10016, United States.
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Wassouf Z, Schulze-Hentrich JM. Alpha-synuclein at the nexus of genes and environment: the impact of environmental enrichment and stress on brain health and disease. J Neurochem 2019; 150:591-604. [PMID: 31165472 PMCID: PMC6771760 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of alpha‐synuclein protein aggregates is the hallmark neuropathologic feature of synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease. Rare point mutations and multiplications in SNCA, the gene encoding alpha‐synuclein, as well as other genetic alterations are linked to familial Parkinson’s disease cases with high penetrance and hence constitute major genetic risk factors for Parkinson’s disease. However, the preponderance of cases seems sporadic, most likely based on a complex interplay between genetic predispositions, aging processes and environmental influences. Deciphering the impact of these environmental factors and their interactions with the individual genetic background in humans is challenging and often requires large cohorts, complicated study designs, and longitudinal set‐ups. In contrast, rodent models offer an ideal system to study the influence of individual environmental aspects under controlled genetic background and standardized conditions. In this review, we highlight findings from studies examining effects of environmental enrichment mimicking stimulation of the brain by its physical and social surroundings as well as of environmental stressors on brain health in the context of Parkinson’s disease. We discuss possible internal molecular transducers of such environmental cues in Parkinson’s disease rodent models and emphasize their potential in developing novel avenues to much‐needed therapies for this still incurable disease. ![]()
This article is part of the Special Issue “Synuclein”
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinah Wassouf
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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34
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Amodio G, Moltedo O, Fasano D, Zerillo L, Oliveti M, Di Pietro P, Faraonio R, Barone P, Pellecchia MT, De Rosa A, De Michele G, Polishchuk E, Polishchuk R, Bonifati V, Nitsch L, Pierantoni GM, Renna M, Criscuolo C, Paladino S, Remondelli P. PERK-Mediated Unfolded Protein Response Activation and Oxidative Stress in PARK20 Fibroblasts. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:673. [PMID: 31316342 PMCID: PMC6610533 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PARK20, an early onset autosomal recessive parkinsonism is due to mutations in the phosphatidylinositol-phosphatase Synaptojanin 1 (Synj1). We have recently shown that the early endosomal compartments are profoundly altered in PARK20 fibroblasts as well as the endosomal trafficking. Here, we report that PARK20 fibroblasts also display a drastic alteration of the architecture and function of the early secretory compartments. Our results show that the exit machinery from the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and the ER-to-Golgi trafficking are markedly compromised in patient cells. As a consequence, PARK20 fibroblasts accumulate large amounts of cargo proteins within the ER, leading to the induction of ER stress. Interestingly, this stressful state is coupled to the activation of the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP pathway of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). In addition, PARK20 fibroblasts reveal upregulation of oxidative stress markers and total ROS production with concomitant alteration of the morphology of the mitochondrial network. Interestingly, treatment of PARK20 cells with GSK2606414 (GSK), a specific inhibitor of PERK activity, restores the level of ROS, signaling a direct correlation between ER stress and the induction of oxidative stress in the PARK20 cells. All together, these findings suggest that dysfunction of early secretory pathway might contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Amodio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ornella Moltedo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Dominga Fasano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Zerillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Oliveti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Paola Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Raffaella Faraonio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Section of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Section of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna De Rosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Michele
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Lucio Nitsch
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Maria Pierantoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Renna
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Criscuolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive, and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Remondelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Trained Innate Immunity Not Always Amicable. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102565. [PMID: 31137759 PMCID: PMC6567865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of „trained innate immunity" is understood as the ability of innate immune cells to remember invading agents and to respond nonspecifically to reinfection with increased strength. Trained immunity is orchestrated by epigenetic modifications leading to changes in gene expression and cell physiology. Although this phenomenon was originally seen mainly as a beneficial effect, since it confers broad immunological protection, enhanced immune response of reprogrammed innate immune cells might result in the development or persistence of chronic metabolic, autoimmune or neuroinfalmmatory disorders. This paper overviews several examples where the induction of trained immunity may be essential in the development of diseases characterized by flawed innate immune response.
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Renani PG, Taheri F, Rostami D, Farahani N, Abdolkarimi H, Abdollahi E, Taghizadeh E, Gheibi Hayat SM. Involvement of aberrant regulation of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and epigenetic-based therapies. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19307-19319. [PMID: 30968426 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is known as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with the reduction of dopamine-secreting neurons and the formation of Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra and basal ganglia routes. Aging, as well as environmental and genetic factors, are considered as disease risk factors that can make PD as a complex one. Epigenetics means studying heritable changes in gene expression or function, without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Multiple studies have shown the association of epigenetic variations with onset or progression of various types of diseases. DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications of histones and presence of microRNA (miRNA) are among epigenetic processes involved in regulating pathways related to the development of PD. Unlike genetic mutations, most epigenetic variations may be reversible or preventable. Therefore, the return of aberrant epigenetic events in different cells is a growing therapeutic approach to treatment or prevention. Currently, there are several methods for treating PD patients, the most important of which are drug therapies. However, detection of genes and epigenetic mechanisms involved in the disease can develop appropriate diagnosis and treatment of the disease before the onset of disabilities and resulting complications. The main purpose of this study was to review the most important epigenetic molecular mechanisms, epigenetic variations in PD, and epigenetic-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram G Renani
- Genetic Department, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Forogh Taheri
- Genetic Department, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Daryoush Rostami
- Department of School Allied, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Najmeh Farahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Abdolkarimi
- Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Elahe Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eskandar Taghizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Fuso A, Lucarelli M. CpG and Non-CpG Methylation in the Diet–Epigenetics–Neurodegeneration Connection. Curr Nutr Rep 2019; 8:74-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-019-0266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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38
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Shu L, Qin L, Min S, Pan H, Zhong J, Guo J, Sun Q, Yan X, Chen C, Tang B, Xu Q. Genetic analysis of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation genes in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 84:242.e13-242.e16. [PMID: 30948140 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an important regulatory mechanism of Parkinson's disease (PD). To investigate the relationship between DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation genes and PD, we performed gene-targeted sequencing using molecular inversion probes in a Chinese PD population. We sequenced 12 genes related to DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in 1657 patients and 1394 control subjects. We conducted genewise association analyses of rare variants detected in the present study and identified the TET1 gene as important in PD (p = 0.0037738, 0.013, 0.019521 (b.collapse test, variable threshold test, and skat-o test, respectively; sex + age as covariates). However, no positive results were observed when conducting association analyses on common variants in these genes. We performed a comprehensive analysis of associations between variants of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation genes and PD, resulting in determination that TET1 might play a role in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lixia Qin
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shishi Min
- Center for Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongxu Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junfei Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiying Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinxiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Center for Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Center for Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China; Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Benassi B, Santangeli S, Merla C, Tarantini L, Bollati V, Butera A, Marino C, Consales C. 50-Hz MF does not affect global DNA methylation of SH-SY5Y cells treated with the neurotoxin MPP . Bioelectromagnetics 2018; 40:33-41. [PMID: 30537234 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) has been associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative disorders. The underlying mechanisms, however, are still debated. Since epigenetics play a key role in the neurodegenerative process, we investigated whether exposure to ELF-MF (50 Hz, 1 mT) might affect global DNA methylation of SH-SY5Y dopaminergic-like neuroblastoma cells. We assessed the percentage of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) of three repetitive interspersed sequences (ALU, LINE-1, or SATα), through pyrosequencing analysis. We demonstrated that ELF exposure (up to 72 h) does not induce any change in the methylation pattern of ALU, LINE-1, and SATα in both proliferating and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, when administered in combination with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ), a neurotoxin mimicking the Parkinson's Disease (PD) phenotype, ELF-MF exposure does not trigger any modulation in the percentage of 5-mC of the repetitive elements. Our findings demonstrate that exposure to 50-Hz MF does not affect global DNA methylation in proliferating and dopaminergic differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, either under basal culture conditions or under neurotoxic stress. Bioelectromagnetics. 40:33-41, 2019. © 2018 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Benassi
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Santangeli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, "Marche Polytechnic" University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Caterina Merla
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Tarantini
- EPIGET-Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET-Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Butera
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy.,Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Marino
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Consales
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
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40
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Nasrolahi A, Mahmoudi J, Akbarzadeh A, Karimipour M, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Salehi R, Farhoudi M. Neurotrophic factors hold promise for the future of Parkinson's disease treatment: is there a light at the end of the tunnel? Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:475-489. [PMID: 29305570 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by a spectrum of clinicopathologic signs and a complex etiology. PD results from the degeneration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra. Current therapies for PD are only able to alleviate symptoms without stopping disease progression. In addition, the available therapeutic strategies do not have long-lasting effects. Furthermore, these therapies cause different ranges of adverse side effects. There is great interest in neurotrophic factors (NTFs) due to their ability to promote the survival of different neural cells. These factors are divided into four families: neurotrophins, neurokines, the glial cell line-derived NTF family of ligands, and the newly recognized cerebral DA NTF/mesencephalic astrocyte-derived NTF family. The protective and therapeutic effects of these factors on DAergic neurons make them suitable for the prevention of progressive cell loss in PD. Based on the above premise, we focus on the protective effects of NTFs, especially CDNF and MANF, on nigrostriatal DAergic neurons in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Nasrolahi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-87386, Iran.,Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14756, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14756, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-87386, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimipour
- Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-87386, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-87386, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14756, Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-87386, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14756, Iran.,Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-87386, Iran
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41
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Teijido O, Cacabelos R. Pharmacoepigenomic Interventions as Novel Potential Treatments for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3199. [PMID: 30332838 PMCID: PMC6213964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders affect one billion people around the world and result from a combination of genomic, epigenomic, metabolic, and environmental factors. Diagnosis at late stages of disease progression, limited knowledge of gene biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of the pathology, and conventional compounds based on symptomatic rather than mechanistic features, determine the lack of success of current treatments, including current FDA-approved conventional drugs. The epigenetic approach opens new avenues for the detection of early presymptomatic pathological events that would allow the implementation of novel strategies in order to stop or delay the pathological process. The reversibility and potential restoring of epigenetic aberrations along with their potential use as targets for pharmacological and dietary interventions sited the use of epidrugs as potential novel candidates for successful treatments of multifactorial disorders involving neurodegeneration. This manuscript includes a description of the most relevant epigenetic mechanisms involved in the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders worldwide, as well as the main potential epigenetic-based compounds under investigation for treatment of those disorders and their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Teijido
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 La Coruña, Spain.
| | - Ramón Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 La Coruña, Spain.
- Chair of Genomic Medicine, Continental University Medical School, Huancayo 12000, Peru.
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42
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Fiandaca MS, Gross TJ, Johnson TM, Hu MT, Evetts S, Wade-Martins R, Merchant-Borna K, Bazarian J, Cheema AK, Mapstone M, Federoff HJ. Potential Metabolomic Linkage in Blood between Parkinson's Disease and Traumatic Brain Injury. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8030050. [PMID: 30205491 PMCID: PMC6161135 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiologic basis for sporadic forms of neurodegenerative diseases has been elusive but likely represents the product of genetic predisposition and various environmental factors. Specific gene-environment interactions have become more salient owing, in part, to the elucidation of epigenetic mechanisms and their impact on health and disease. The linkage between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Parkinson's disease (PD) is one such association that currently lacks a mechanistic basis. Herein, we present preliminary blood-based metabolomic evidence in support of potential association between TBI and PD. Using untargeted and targeted high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry we identified metabolomic biomarker profiles in a cohort of symptomatic mild TBI (mTBI) subjects (n = 75) 3⁻12 months following injury (subacute) and TBI controls (n = 20), and a PD cohort with known PD (n = 20) or PD dementia (PDD) (n = 20) and PD controls (n = 20). Surprisingly, blood glutamic acid levels in both the subacute mTBI (increased) and PD/PDD (decreased) groups were notably altered from control levels. The observed changes in blood glutamic acid levels in mTBI and PD/PDD are discussed in relation to other metabolite profiling studies. Should our preliminary results be replicated in comparable metabolomic investigations of TBI and PD cohorts, they may contribute to an "excitotoxic" linkage between TBI and PD/PDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo S Fiandaca
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-3910, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-3910, USA.
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-3910, USA.
| | - Thomas J Gross
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-3910, USA.
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-3910, USA.
| | - Thomas M Johnson
- Intrepid Spirit Concussion Recovery Center, Naval Medical Center Camp Lejeune, Jacksonville, NC 28540, USA.
| | - Michele T Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, 01865 Oxford, UK.
- Department of Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford 01865, UK.
| | - Samuel Evetts
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, 01865 Oxford, UK.
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford 01865, UK.
| | - Kian Merchant-Borna
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14604, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Bazarian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14604, USA.
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20001, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20001, USA.
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-3910, USA.
| | - Howard J Federoff
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-3910, USA.
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43
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Maloney B, Bayon BL, Zawia NH, Lahiri DK. Latent consequences of early-life lead (Pb) exposure and the future: Addressing the Pb crisis. Neurotoxicology 2018; 68:126-132. [PMID: 29981765 PMCID: PMC9873145 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lead (Pb) exposure crisis in Flint, Michigan has passed from well-publicized event to a footnote, while its biological and social impact will linger for lifetimes. Interest in the "water crisis" has dropped to pre-event levels, which is neither appropriate nor safe. Flint's exposure was severe, but it was not unique. Problematic Pb levels have also been found in schools and daycares in 42 states in the USA. The enormity of Pb exposure via municipal water systems requires multiple responses. Herein, we focus on addressing a possible answer to long-term sequelae of Pb exposure. We propose "4R's" (remediation, renovation, reallocation, and research) against the Pb crisis that goes beyond a short-term fix. Remediation for affected individuals must continue to provide clean water and deal with both short and long-term effects of Pb exposure. Renovation of current water delivery systems, at both system-wide and individual site levels, is necessary. Reallocation of resources is needed to ensure these two responses occur and to get communities ready for potential sequelae of Pb exposure. Finally, properly focused research can track exposed individuals and illuminate latent (presumably epigenetic) results of Pb exposure and inform further resource reallocation. CONCLUSION Motivation to act by not only the general public but also by scientific and medical leaders must be maintained beyond initial news cycle spikes and an annual follow-up story. Environmental impact of Pb contamination of drinking water goes beyond one exposure incident in an impoverished and forgotten Michigan city. Population effects must be addressed long-term and nationwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Maloney
- Department of Psychiatry, USA,Indiana Alzheimer Disesae Center, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Baindu L. Bayon
- Medical & Molecular Genetics, USA,Indiana Alzheimer Disesae Center, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nasser H. Zawia
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Debomoy K. Lahiri
- Department of Psychiatry, USA,Medical & Molecular Genetics, USA,Indiana Alzheimer Disesae Center, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Research Building, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 West 15th St., Indianapolis IN 46202, USA. (D.K. Lahiri)
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Inhibition of microRNA-505 suppressed MPP+ -induced cytotoxicity of SHSY5Y cells in an in vitro Parkinson's disease model. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 835:11-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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46
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Emamzadeh FN, Surguchov A. Parkinson's Disease: Biomarkers, Treatment, and Risk Factors. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:612. [PMID: 30214392 PMCID: PMC6125353 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused mainly by lack of dopamine in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in movement, motivation, memory, and other functions; its level is decreased in PD brain as a result of dopaminergic cell death. Dopamine loss in PD brain is a cause of motor deficiency and, possibly, a reason of the cognitive deficit observed in some PD patients. PD is mostly not recognized in its early stage because of a long latency between the first damage to dopaminergic cells and the onset of clinical symptoms. Therefore, it is very important to find reliable molecular biomarkers that can distinguish PD from other conditions, monitor its progression, or give an indication of a positive response to a therapeutic intervention. PD biomarkers can be subdivided into four main types: clinical, imaging, biochemical, and genetic. For a long time protein biomarkers, dopamine metabolites, amino acids, etc. in blood, serum, cerebrospinal liquid (CSF) were considered the most promising. Among the candidate biomarkers that have been tested, various forms of α-synuclein (α-syn), i.e., soluble, aggregated, post-translationally modified, etc. were considered potentially the most efficient. However, the encouraging recent results suggest that microRNA-based analysis may bring considerable progress, especially if it is combined with α-syn data. Another promising analysis is the advanced metabolite profiling of body fluids, called "metabolomics" which may uncover metabolic fingerprints specific for various stages of PD. Conventional pharmacological treatment of PD is based on the replacement of dopamine using dopamine precursors (levodopa, L-DOPA, L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine), dopamine agonists (amantadine, apomorphine) and MAO-B inhibitors (selegiline, rasagiline), which can be used alone or in combination with each other. Potential risk factors include environmental toxins, drugs, pesticides, brain microtrauma, focal cerebrovascular damage, and genomic defects. This review covers molecules that might act as the biomarkers of PD. Then, PD risk factors (including genetics and non-genetic factors) and PD treatment options are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh N. Emamzadeh
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei Surguchov
- Department of Neurology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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Abstract
The eukaryotic epigenome has an instrumental role in determining and maintaining cell identity and function. Epigenetic components such as DNA methylation, histone tail modifications, chromatin accessibility, and DNA architecture are tightly correlated with central cellular processes, while their dysregulation manifests in aberrant gene expression and disease. The ability to specifically edit the epigenome holds the promise of enhancing understanding of how epigenetic modifications function and enabling manipulation of cell phenotype for research or therapeutic purposes. Genome engineering technologies use highly specific DNA-targeting tools to precisely deposit epigenetic changes in a locus-specific manner, creating diverse epigenome editing platforms. This review summarizes these technologies and insights from recent studies, describes the complex relationship between epigenetic components and gene regulation, and highlights caveats and promises of the emerging field of epigenome editing, including applications for translational purposes, such as epigenetic therapy and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liad Holtzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA; ,
| | - Charles A Gersbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA; , .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Chen K, Bennett SA, Rana N, Yousuf H, Said M, Taaseen S, Mendo N, Meltser SM, Torrente MP. Neurodegenerative Disease Proteinopathies Are Connected to Distinct Histone Post-translational Modification Landscapes. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:838-848. [PMID: 29243911 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are devastating neurodegenerative diseases involving the progressive degeneration of neurons. No cure is available for patients diagnosed with these diseases. A prominent feature of both ALS and PD is the accumulation of protein inclusions in the cytoplasm of degenerating neurons; however, the particular proteins constituting these inclusions vary: the RNA-binding proteins TDP-43 and FUS are most notable in ALS, while α-synuclein aggregates into Lewy bodies in PD. In both diseases, genetic causes fail to explain the occurrence of a large proportion of cases, and thus, both are considered mostly sporadic. Despite mounting evidence for a possible role of epigenetics in the occurrence and progression of ALS and PD, epigenetic mechanisms in the context of these diseases remain mostly unexplored. Here we comprehensively delineate histone post-translational modification (PTM) profiles in ALS and PD yeast proteinopathy models. Remarkably, we find distinct changes in histone modification profiles for each. We detect the most striking changes in the context of FUS aggregation: changes in several histone marks support a global decrease in gene transcription. We also detect more modest changes in histone modifications in cells overexpressing TDP-43 or α-synuclein. Our results highlight a great need for the inclusion of epigenetic mechanisms in the study of neurodegeneration. We hope our work will pave the way for the discovery of more effective therapies to treat patients suffering from ALS, PD, and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Chen
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Seth A. Bennett
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Navin Rana
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Huda Yousuf
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Mohamed Said
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Sadiqa Taaseen
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Natalie Mendo
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Steven M. Meltser
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Mariana P. Torrente
- Chemistry Department of Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Programs in Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Biology, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
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The genetics of Parkinson disease. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 42:72-85. [PMID: 29288112 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
About 15% of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) have family history and 5-10% have a monogenic form of the disease with Mendelian inheritance. To date, at least 23 loci and 19 disease-causing genes for parkinsonism have been found, but many more genetic risk loci and variants for sporadic PD phenotype have been identified in various association studies. Investigating the mutated protein products has uncovered potential pathogenic pathways that provide insights into mechanisms of neurodegeneration in familial and sporadic PD. To commemorate the 200th anniversary of Parkinson's publication of An Essay on the Shaking Palsy, we provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the current clinical, neuropathological, and genetic understanding of genetic forms of PD. We also discuss advances in screening for genetic PD-related risk factors and how they impact genetic counseling and contribute to the development of potential disease-modifying therapies.
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Microarray Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism Involved in Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2018; 2018:1590465. [PMID: 29686831 PMCID: PMC5852864 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1590465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of Parkinson's disease (PD) by bioinformatics. Methods Using the microarray dataset GSE72267 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which included 40 blood samples from PD patients and 19 matched controls, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after data preprocessing, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, microRNA- (miRNA-) target regulatory network, and transcription factor- (TF-) target regulatory networks were constructed. Results Of 819 DEGs obtained, 359 were upregulated and 460 were downregulated. Two GO terms, “rRNA processing” and “cytoplasm,” and two KEGG pathways, “metabolic pathways” and “TNF signaling pathway,” played roles in PD development. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) was the hub node in the PPI network; hsa-miR-7-5p, hsa-miR-433-3p, and hsa-miR-133b participated in PD pathogenesis. Six TFs, including zinc finger and BTB domain-containing 7A, ovo-like transcriptional repressor 1, GATA-binding protein 3, transcription factor dp-1, SMAD family member 1, and quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1, were related to PD. Conclusions “rRNA processing,” “cytoplasm,” “metabolic pathways,” and “TNF signaling pathway” were key pathways involved in PD. ICAM1, hsa-miR-7-5p, hsa-miR-433-3p, hsa-miR-133b, and the abovementioned six TFs might play important roles in PD development.
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