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Kemik K, Ada E, Çavuşoğlu B, Aykaç C, Savaş DDE, Yener G. Detecting language network alterations in mild cognitive impairment using task-based fMRI and resting-state fMRI: A comparative study. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3518. [PMID: 38698619 PMCID: PMC11066416 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the functional changes associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using independent component analysis (ICA) with the word generation task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and resting-state fMRI. METHODS In this study 17 patients with MCI and age and education-matched 17 healthy individuals as control group are investigated. All participants underwent resting-state fMRI and task-based fMRI while performing the word generation task. ICA was used to identify the appropriate independent components (ICs) and their associated networks. The Dice Coefficient method was used to determine the relevance of the ICs to the networks of interest. RESULTS IC-14 was found relevant to language network in both resting-state and task-based fMRI, IC-4 to visual, and IC-28 to dorsal attention network (DAN) in word generation task-based fMRI by Sorento-Dice Coefficient. ICA showed increased activation in language network, which had a larger voxel size in resting-state functional MRI than word generation task-based fMRI in the bilateral lingual gyrus. Right temporo-occipital fusiform cortex, right hippocampus, and right thalamus were also activated in the task-based fMRI. Decreased activation was found in DAN and visual network MCI patients in word generation task-based fMRI. CONCLUSION Task-based fMRI and ICA are more sophisticated and reliable tools in evaluation cognitive impairments in language processing. Our findings support the neural mechanisms of the cognitive impairments in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Kemik
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health SciencesDokuz Eylül UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Emel Ada
- Department of RadiologyDokuz Eylül University Medicine FacultyIzmirTurkey
| | - Berrin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Health SciencesDokuz Eylül UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Cansu Aykaç
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health SciencesDokuz Eylül UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | | | - Görsev Yener
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of MedicineIzmir University of EconomicsİzmirTurkey
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Chen Y, Liang L, Wei Y, Liu Y, Li X, Zhang Z, Li L, Deng D. Disrupted morphological brain network organization in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:387-395. [PMID: 38147273 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
We aim to investigate the alterations in gray matter for subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from the perspective of the human connectome. High-resolution T1-weighted images were acquired from 54 patients with SCD, 95 patients with MCI, and 65 healthy controls (HC). Morphological brain networks (MBN) were constructed using similarities in the distribution of gray matter volumes between regions. The strength of morphological connections and topographic metrics derived from the graph-theoretical analysis were compared. Furthermore, we assessed the relationship between the observed morphological abnormalities and disease severity. According to the results, we found a significantly decreased morphological connection between the somatomotor network and ventral attention network in SCD compared to HC and MCI compared to SCD. The graph-theoretic analysis illustrated disruptions in the whole network organization, where the normalized shortest path increased and the global efficiency (Eg) decreased in MCI compared to SCD. In addition, Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores of SCD patients had a significantly negative correlation with Eg. The primary limitations of the present study include the cross-sectional design, no enrolled AD patients, no assessment of amyloidosis, and the need for more comprehensive neuropsychological tests. Our findings indicate the abnormalities of morphological networks at early stages in the AD continuum, which could be interpreted as compensatory changes to retain a normal level of cognitive function. The present study could provide new insight into the mechanism of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Chen
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Radiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lingyan Liang
- Department of Radiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yichen Wei
- Department of Radiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Radiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaocheng Li
- Department of Radiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Linling Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Demao Deng
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Department of Radiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Saha DK, Bohsali A, Saha R, Hajjar I, Calhoun VD. Neuromark PET: A multivariate method for Estimating and comparing whole brain functional networks and connectomes from fMRI and PET data. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.10.575131. [PMID: 38260682 PMCID: PMC10802620 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.575131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are both widely used neuroimaging techniques to study brain function. Although whole brain resting functional MRI (fMRI) connectomes are widely used, the integration or association of whole brain functional connectomes with PET data are rarely done. This likely stems from the fact that PET data is typically analyzed by using a regions of interest approach, while whole brain spatial networks and their connectivity (covariation) receive much less attention. As a result, to date, there have been no direct comparisons between whole brain PET and fMRI connectomes. In this study, we present a method that uses spatially constrained independent component analysis (scICA) to estimate corresponding PET and fMRI connectomes and examine the relationship between them using mild cognitive impairment (MCI) datasets. Our results demonstrate highly modularized PET connectome patterns that complement those identified from resting fMRI. In particular, fMRI showed strong intra-domain connectivity with interdomain anticorrelation in sensorimotor and visual domains as well as default mode network. PET amyloid data showed similar strong intra-domain effects, but showed much higher correlations within cognitive control and default mode domains, as well as anticorrelation between cerebellum and other domains. The estimated PET networks have similar, but not identical, network spatial patterns to the resting fMRI networks, with the PET networks being slightly smoother and, in some cases, showing variations in subnodes. We also analyzed the differences between individuals with MCI receiving medication versus a placebo. Results show both common and modality specific treatment effects on fMRI and PET connectomes. From our fMRI analysis, we observed higher activation differences in various regions, such as the connection between the thalamus and middle occipital gyrus, as well as the insula and right middle occipital gyrus. Meanwhile, the PET analysis revealed increased activation between the anterior cingulate cortex and the left inferior parietal lobe, along with other regions, in individuals who received medication versus placebo. In sum, our novel approach identifies corresponding whole-brain PET and fMRI networks and connectomes. While we observed common patterns of network connectivity, our analysis of the MCI treatment and placebo groups revealed that each modality identifies a unique set of networks, highlighting differences between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbrata K. Saha
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Anastasia Bohsali
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Rekha Saha
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Ihab Hajjar
- University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303
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Sacca V, Wen Y, Hodges S, Kong J. Modulation effects of repeated transcranial direct current stimulation on the dorsal attention and frontal parietal networks and its association with placebo and nocebo effects. Neuroimage 2023; 284:120433. [PMID: 37939891 PMCID: PMC10768876 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Literature suggests that attention is a critical cognitive process for pain perception and modulation and may play an important role in placebo and nocebo effects. Here, we investigated how repeated transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied at the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for three consecutive days can modulate the brain functional connectivity (FC) of two networks involved in cognitive control: the frontoparietal network (FPN) and dorsal attention network (DAN), and its association with placebo and nocebo effects. 81 healthy subjects were randomized to three groups: anodal, cathodal, and sham tDCS. Resting state fMRI scans were acquired pre- and post- tDCS on the first and third day of tDCS. An Independent Component Analysis (ICA) was performed to identify the FPN and DAN. ANCOVA was applied for group analysis. Compared to sham tDCS, 1) both cathodal and anodal tDCS increased the FC between the DAN and right parietal operculum; cathodal tDCS also increased the FC between the DAN and right postcentral gyrus; 2) anodal tDCS led to an increased FC between the FPN and right parietal operculum, while cathodal tDCS was associated with increased FC between the FPN and left superior parietal lobule/precuneus; 3) the FC increase between the DAN and right parietal operculum was significantly correlated to the placebo analgesia effect in the cathodal group. Our findings suggest that both repeated cathodal and anodal tDCS could modulate the FC of two important cognitive brain networks (DAN and FPN), which may modulate placebo / nocebo effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Sacca
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ya Wen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sierra Hodges
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Feng Q, Wang L, Tang X, Hu H, Ge X, Liao Z, Ding Z. Static and dynamic functional connectivity combined with the triple network model in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1284227. [PMID: 38107647 PMCID: PMC10723161 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1284227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are characterized by abnormal functional connectivity (FC) of default-mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and central executive network (CEN). Static FC (sFC) and dynamic FC (dFC) combined with triple network model can better study the dynamic and static changes of brain networks, and improve its potential diagnostic value in the diagnosis of AD spectrum disorders. Methods Differences in sFC values and dFC variability patterns among the three brain networks of the three groups (53 AD patients, 40 aMCI patients, and 40 NCs) were computed by ANOVA using Gaussian Random Field theory (GRF) correction. The correlation between FC values (sFC values and dFC variability) in the three networks and cognitive scores (MMSE and MoCA) in AD and aMCI groups was analyzed separately. Results Within the DMN network, there were significant differences of sFC values in right/left medial superior frontal gyrus and dFC variability in left opercular part inferior frontal gyrus and right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus among the three groups. Within the CEN network, there were significant differences of sFC values in left superior parietal gyrus. Within the SN network, there were significant differences of dFC variability in right Cerebelum_7b and left opercular part inferior frontal gyrus. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between FC values (sFC values of CEN and dFC variability of SN) and MMSE and MoCA scores. Conclusion It suggests that sFC, dFC combined with triple network model can be considered as potential biomarkers for AD and aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Feng
- Department of Radiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luoyu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Tang
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanjun Hu
- Fourth Clinical School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Ge
- Department of Radiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengluan Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital/People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiang Ding
- Department of Radiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Dong Q, Li J, Ju Y, Xiao C, Li K, Shi B, Zheng W, Zhang Y. Altered Relationship between Functional Connectivity and Fiber-Bundle Structure in High-Functioning Male Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1098. [PMID: 37509029 PMCID: PMC10377258 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormalities in structure and function of the brain. However, how ASD affects the relationship between fiber-bundle microstructures and functional connectivity (FC) remains unclear. Here, we analyzed structural and functional images of 26 high-functioning adult males with ASD, alongside 26 age-, gender-, and full-scale IQ-matched typically developing controls (TDCs) from the BNI dataset in the ABIDE database. We utilized fixel-based analysis to extract microstructural information from fiber tracts, which was then used to predict FC using a multilinear model. Our results revealed that the structure-function relationships in both ASD and TDC cohorts were strongly aligned in the primary cortex but decoupled in the high-order cortex, and the ASD patients exhibited reduced structure-function relationships throughout the cortex compared to the TDCs. Furthermore, we observed that the disrupted relationships in ASD were primarily driven by alterations in FC rather than fiber-bundle microstructures. The structure-function relationships in the left superior parietal cortex, right precentral and inferior temporal cortices, and bilateral insula could predict individual differences in clinical symptoms of ASD patients. These findings underscore the significance of altered relationships between fiber-bundle microstructures and FC in the etiology of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangli Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jialong Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yumeng Ju
- Department of Psychiatry & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Chuman Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Kangning Li
- Department of Psychiatry & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Weihao Zheng
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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Saha DK, Bohsali A, Saha R, Hajjar I, Calhoun VD. A Multivariate Method for Estimating and comparing whole brain functional connectomes from fMRI and PET data. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083351 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are two commonly used imaging techniques to visualize brain function. The use of inter-network covariation (a functional connectome) is a widely used approach to infer links among different brain networks. While whole brain resting fMRI connectomes are widely used, PET data has mostly been analyzed using a few regions of interest. There has been much less work estimating PET spatial networks and almost no work on their connectivity (covariation) in the context of a whole brain data-driven connectome, nor have there been direct comparisons between whole brain PET and fMRI connectomes. Here we present an approach to leverage spatially constrained ICA to compute an estimate of the PET connectome. Results reveal highly modularized connectome patterns that are complementary to that identified from resting fMRI. Similarly, we were able to identify comparable resting networks from a PiB PET scan that can be directly compared to networks in rest fMRI data and results reveal similar, but not identical, network spatial patterns, with the PET networks being slightly smoother and, in some cases, showing variations in subnodes. The resulting networks, decomposed into spatial maps and subject expressions (loading parameters) linked to resting fMRI provide a new way to evaluate the complementary information in PET and fMRI and open up new possibilities for biomarker development.Clinical Relevance-This study analyzes the whole-brain PET and fMRI connectomes, capturing the complementary information from both imaging modalities, thereby introducing a new scope for biomarker development.
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Zhang Q, Wang L, Han Y, Jiang J, Wang M. Brain Connectome Imaging Markers Research of Glucose Metabolism in the Early Stage of Alzheimer's Disease. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083740 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, increasing evidence had suggested that subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in unimpaired individuals may be the first symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated the differences in the glucose metabolism network and the influence of the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene between the SCD and normal control (NC) group by using graph theory. In this study, we included 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) scans from Xuanwu Hospital in Beijing, China. 85 SCD subjects and 74 NC subjects were included. First, we calculated and compared network parameters between the two groups. We then identified the bilateral insula and bilateral parahippocampal gyrus as seed sites and studied the connections to the whole brain. The results showed that both the SCD and the NC showed small-world nature, but the metabolic network of SCD tended to be more regular. The clustering coefficient and local efficiency of SCD were significantly higher than those of NC (P<0.05). In addition, we found that carrying APOE resulted in enhanced metabolic connectivity, but with weaker aggregation and local information exchangeability. Our results suggested that there are differences in the glucose metabolic brain network between SCD and NC, suggesting that the graph-theoretic analysis method may provide evidence for the early pathological mechanism of AD.Clinical relevance- This study suggests that the graph-theoretic analysis method may provide evidence for the early pathological mechanism of AD.
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Yang X, Wu H, Song Y, Chen S, Ge H, Yan Z, Yuan Q, Liang X, Lin X, Chen J. Functional MRI-specific alterations in frontoparietal network in mild cognitive impairment: an ALE meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1165908. [PMID: 37448688 PMCID: PMC10336325 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1165908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) depicts a transitory phase between healthy elderly and the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with worsening cognitive impairment. Some functional MRI (fMRI) research indicated that the frontoparietal network (FPN) could be an essential part of the pathophysiological mechanism of MCI. However, damaged FPN regions were not consistently reported, especially their interactions with other brain networks. We assessed the fMRI-specific anomalies of the FPN in MCI by analyzing brain regions with functional alterations. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched to screen neuroimaging studies exploring brain function alterations in the FPN in MCI using fMRI-related indexes, including the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, regional homogeneity, and functional connectivity. We integrated distinctive coordinates by activating likelihood estimation, visualizing abnormal functional regions, and concluding functional alterations of the FPN. Results We selected 29 studies and found specific changes in some brain regions of the FPN. These included the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, insula, precuneus cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, inferior parietal lobule, middle temporal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus. Any abnormal alterations in these regions depicted interactions between the FPN and other networks. Conclusion The study demonstrates specific fMRI neuroimaging alterations in brain regions of the FPN in MCI patients. This could provide a new perspective on identifying early-stage patients with targeted treatment programs. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023432042, identifier: CRD42023432042.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglin Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Yuan
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhong Liang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingjian Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Effective Connectivity Evaluation of Resting-State Brain Networks in Alzheimer's Disease, Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Normal Aging: An Exploratory Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020265. [PMID: 36831808 PMCID: PMC9954618 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a high prevalence. Despite the cognitive tests to diagnose AD, there are pitfalls in early diagnosis. Brain deposition of pathological markers of AD can affect the direction and intensity of the signaling. The study of effective connectivity allows the evaluation of intensity flow and signaling pathways in functional regions, even in the early stage, known as amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). (2) Methods: 16 aMCI, 13 AD, and 14 normal subjects were scanned using resting-state fMRI and T1-weighted protocols. After data pre-processing, the signal of the predefined nodes was extracted, and spectral dynamic causal modeling analysis (spDCM) was constructed. Afterward, the mean and standard deviation of the Jacobin matrix of each subject describing effective connectivity was calculated and compared. (3) Results: The maps of effective connectivity in the brain networks of the three groups were different, and the direction and strength of the causal effect with the progression of the disease showed substantial changes. (4) Conclusions: Impaired information flow in the resting-state networks of the aMCI and AD groups was found versus normal groups. Effective connectivity can serve as a potential marker of Alzheimer's pathophysiology, even in the early stages of the disease.
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Rashidi-Ranjbar N, Rajji TK, Hawco C, Kumar S, Herrmann N, Mah L, Flint AJ, Fischer CE, Butters MA, Pollock BG, Dickie EW, Bowie CR, Soffer M, Mulsant BH, Voineskos AN. Association of functional connectivity of the executive control network or default mode network with cognitive impairment in older adults with remitted major depressive disorder or mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:468-477. [PMID: 35410366 PMCID: PMC9852291 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. The present study aimed to better understand this risk by comparing resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) in the executive control network (ECN) and the default mode network (DMN) in older adults with MDD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Additionally, we examined the association between rsFC in the ECN or DMN and cognitive impairment transdiagnostically. We assessed rsFC alterations in ECN and DMN in 383 participants from five groups at-risk for dementia-remitted MDD with normal cognition (MDD-NC), non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (naMCI), remitted MDD + naMCI, amnestic MCI (aMCI), and remitted MDD + aMCI-and from healthy controls (HC) or individuals with Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Subject-specific whole-brain functional connectivity maps were generated for each network and group differences in rsFC were calculated. We hypothesized that alteration of rsFC in the ECN and DMN would be progressively larger among our seven groups, ranked from low to high according to their risk for dementia as HC, MDD-NC, naMCI, MDD + naMCI, aMCI, MDD + aMCI, and AD. We also regressed scores of six cognitive domains (executive functioning, processing speed, language, visuospatial memory, verbal memory, and working memory) on the ECN and DMN connectivity maps. We found a significant alteration in the rsFC of the ECN, with post hoc testing showing differences between the AD group and the HC, MDD-NC, or naMCI groups, but no significant alterations in rsFC of the DMN. Alterations in rsFC of the ECN and DMN were significantly associated with several cognitive domain scores transdiagnostically. Our findings suggest that a diagnosis of remitted MDD may not confer functional brain risk for dementia. However, given the association of rs-FC with cognitive performance (i.e., transdiagnostically), rs-FC may help in stratifying this risk among people with MDD and varying degrees of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Rashidi-Ranjbar
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Linda Mah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Baycrest Health Sciences, Rotman Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alastair J Flint
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Corinne E Fischer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meryl A Butters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bruce G Pollock
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erin W Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher R Bowie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry (CRB), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Matan Soffer
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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12
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Huang J, Jung JY, Nam CS. Estimating effective connectivity in Alzheimer's disease progression: A dynamic causal modeling study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:1060936. [PMID: 36590062 PMCID: PMC9797690 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1060936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects the whole brain from the cellular level to the entire brain network structure. The causal relationship among brain regions concerning the different AD stages is not yet investigated. This study used Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) method to assess effective connectivity (EC) and investigate the changes that accompany AD progression. Methods We included the resting-state fMRI data of 34 AD patients, 31 late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI) patients, 34 early MCI (EMCI) patients, and 31 cognitive normal (CN) subjects selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. The parametric Empirical Bayes (PEB) method was used to infer the effective connectivities and the corresponding probabilities. A linear regression analysis was carried out to test if the connection strengths could predict subjects' cognitive scores. Results The results showed that the connections reduced from full connection in the CN group to no connection in the AD group. Statistical analysis showed the connectivity strengths were lower for later-stage patients. Linear regression analysis showed that the connection strengths were partially predictive of the cognitive scores. Discussion Our results demonstrated the dwindling connectivity accompanying AD progression on causal relationships among brain regions and indicated the potential of EC as a loyal biomarker in AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Huang
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jae-Yoon Jung
- Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
- Department of Big Data Analytics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Chang S. Nam
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
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13
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Mohammadian F, Zare Sadeghi A, Noroozian M, Malekian V, Abbasi Sisara M, Hashemi H, Mobarak Salari H, Valizadeh G, Samadi F, Sodaei F, Saligheh Rad H. Quantitative Assessment of Resting-State Functional Connectivity MRI to Differentiate Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease From Normal Subjects. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 57:1702-1712. [PMID: 36226735 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurological disorder with brain network dysfunction. Investigation of the brain network functional connectivity (FC) alterations using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) can provide valuable information about the brain network pattern in early AD diagnosis. PURPOSE To quantitatively assess FC patterns of resting-state brain networks and graph theory metrics (GTMs) to identify potential features for differentiation of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and late-onset AD from normal. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS A total of 14 normal, 16 aMCI, and 13 late-onset AD. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3.0 T; rs-fMRI: single-shot 2D-EPI and T1-weighted structure: MPRAGE. ASSESSMENT By applying bivariate correlation coefficient and Fisher transformation on the time series of predefined ROIs' pairs, correlation coefficient matrixes and ROI-to-ROI connectivity (RRC) were extracted. By thresholding the RRC matrix (with a threshold of 0.15), a graph adjacency matrix was created to compute GTMs. STATISTICAL TESTS Region of interest (ROI)-based analysis: parametric multivariable statistical analysis (PMSA) with a false discovery rate using (FDR)-corrected P < 0.05 cluster-level threshold together with posthoc uncorrected P < 0.05 connection-level threshold. Graph-theory analysis (GTA): P-FDR-corrected < 0.05. One-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests were used to compare clinical characteristics. RESULTS PMSA differentiated AD from normal, with a significant decrease in FC of default mode, salience, dorsal attention, frontoparietal, language, visual, and cerebellar networks. Furthermore, significant increase in overall FC of visual and language networks was observed in aMCI compared to normal. GTA revealed a significant decrease in global-efficiency (28.05 < 45), local-efficiency (22.98 < 24.05), and betweenness-centrality (14.60 < 17.39) for AD against normal. Moreover, a significant increase in local-efficiency (33.46 > 24.05) and clustering-coefficient (25 > 20.18) were found in aMCI compared to normal. DATA CONCLUSION This study demonstrated resting-state FC potential as an indicator to differentiate AD, aMCI, and normal. GTA revealed brain integration and breakdown by providing concise and comprehensible statistics. EVIDENCE LEVEL 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohammadian
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Quantitative Medical Imaging/Spectroscopy Group, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Zare Sadeghi
- Medical Physics Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Noroozian
- Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Malekian
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Majid Abbasi Sisara
- Electrical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Hashemi
- Department of Radiology, Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Mobarak Salari
- Quantitative Medical Imaging/Spectroscopy Group, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gelareh Valizadeh
- Quantitative Medical Imaging/Spectroscopy Group, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Samadi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Sodaei
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Quantitative Medical Imaging/Spectroscopy Group, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Saligheh Rad
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Quantitative Medical Imaging/Spectroscopy Group, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Xu K, Wei Y, Liu C, Zhao L, Geng B, Mai W, Zhang S, Liang L, Zeng X, Deng D, Liu P. Effect of Moxibustion Treatment on Degree Centrality in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:889426. [PMID: 35982690 PMCID: PMC9378775 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.889426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a common neurological disorder. Moxibustion has been shown to be effective in treating MCI, but its therapeutic mechanisms still remain unclear. This study mainly aimed to investigate the modulation effect of moxibustion treatment for patients with MCI by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods A total of 47 patients with MCI and 30 healthy controls (HCs) participated in resting-state fMRI imaging (rs-fMRI) scans. Patients with MCI were randomly divided into true moxibustion group (TRUE, n = 30) and sham moxibustion group (SHAM, n = 17). The degree centrality (DC) approach was applied to distinguish altered brain functions. Correlation analysis was then performed to examine the relationships between the neuroimaging findings and clinical symptoms. Results Compared with HCs, patients with MCI mainly showed decreased DC in the left middle frontal cortex (MFC) and bilateral middle cingulate cortex (MCC). After moxibustion treatment, the SHAM group had no significant DC findings, while TRUE group mainly showed significant increased DC in the bilateral MFC and MCC, as well as decreased DC in the left middle occipital cortex (MOC). Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant interactions between the two groups of patients with MCI. In addition, the higher Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was significantly positively correlated with increased DC in the right MFC and left MCC after moxibustion treatment. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that the potential value of moxibustion treatment on MCI, which adds new insights into the popular view that moxibustion treatment may slow cognitive decline in patients with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yichen Wei
- Department of Radiology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Chengxiang Liu
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Bowen Geng
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Mai
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Shuming Zhang
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lingyan Liang
- Department of Radiology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao Zeng
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Demao Deng
- Department of Radiology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Demao Deng,
| | - Peng Liu
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
- Peng Liu,
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15
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Almeida VN, Radanovic M. Semantic processing and neurobiology in Alzheimer's disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Neuropsychologia 2022; 174:108337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Shen Y, Zhang C, Cui S, Wang R, Cai H, Zhao W, Zhu J, Yu Y. Transcriptional substrates underlying functional connectivity profiles of subregions within the human sensorimotor cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:5562-5578. [PMID: 35899321 PMCID: PMC9704778 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The human sensorimotor cortex has multiple subregions showing functional commonalities and differences, likely attributable to their connectivity profiles. However, the molecular substrates underlying such connectivity profiles are unclear. Here, transcriptome-neuroimaging spatial correlation analyses were performed between transcriptomic data from the Allen human brain atlas and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of 24 fine-grained sensorimotor subregions from 793 healthy subjects. Results showed that rsFC of six sensorimotor subregions were associated with expression measures of six gene sets that were specifically expressed in brain tissue. These sensorimotor subregions could be classified into the polygenic- and oligogenic-modulated subregions, whose rsFC were related to gene sets diverging on their numbers (hundreds vs. dozens) and functional characteristics. First, the former were specifically expressed in multiple types of neurons and immune cells, yet the latter were not specifically expressed in any cortical cell types. Second, the former were preferentially expressed during the middle and late stages of cortical development, while the latter showed no preferential expression during any stages. Third, the former were prone to be enriched for general biological functions and pathways, but the latter for specialized biological functions and pathways. Fourth, the former were enriched for neuropsychiatric disorders, whereas this enrichment was absent for the latter. Finally, although the identified genes were commonly associated with sensorimotor behavioral processes, the polygenic-modulated subregions associated genes were additionally related to vision and dementia. These findings may advance our understanding of the functional homogeneity and heterogeneity of the human sensorimotor cortex from the perspective of underlying genetic architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Shen
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical ImagingHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Cun Zhang
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical ImagingHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Shunshun Cui
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical ImagingHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical ImagingHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical ImagingHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Wenming Zhao
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical ImagingHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical ImagingHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina,Research Center of Clinical Medical ImagingHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
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17
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Varela-López B, Cruz-Gómez ÁJ, Lojo-Seoane C, Díaz F, Pereiro A, Zurrón M, Lindín M, Galdo-Álvarez S. Cognitive reserve, neurocognitive performance, and high-order resting-state networks in cognitively unimpaired aging. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 117:151-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Alzheimer disease stages identification based on correlation transfer function system using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264710. [PMID: 35413053 PMCID: PMC9004771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects the quality of life as it causes; memory loss, difficulty in thinking, learning, and performing familiar tasks. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has been widely used to investigate and analyze different brain regions for AD identification. This study investigates the effectiveness of using correlated transfer function (CorrTF) as a new biomarker to extract the essential features from rs-fMRI, along with support vector machine (SVM) ordered hierarchically, in order to distinguish between the different AD stages. Additionally, we explored the regions, showing significant changes based on the CorrTF extracted features’ strength among different AD stages. First, the process was initialized by applying the preprocessing on rs-fMRI data samples to reduce noise and retain the essential information. Then, the automated anatomical labeling (AAL) atlas was employed to divide the brain into 116 regions, where the intensity time series was calculated, and the CorrTF features were extracted for each region. The proposed framework employed the SVM classifier in two different methodologies, hierarchical and flat multi-classification schemes, to differentiate between the different AD stages for early detection purposes. The ADNI rs-fMRI dataset, employed in this study, consists of 167, 102, 129, and 114 normal, early, late mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD subjects, respectively. The proposed schemes achieved an average accuracy of 98.2% and 95.5% for hierarchical and flat multi-classification tasks, respectively, calculated using ten folds cross-validation. Therefore, CorrTF is considered a promising biomarker for AD early-stage identification. Moreover, the significant changes in the strengths of CorrTF connections among the different AD stages can help us identify and explore the affected brain regions and their latent associations during the progression of AD.
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19
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Toward noninvasive brain stimulation 2.0 in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 75:101555. [PMID: 34973457 PMCID: PMC8858588 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques (NiBS) have gathered substantial interest in the study of dementia, considered their possible role in help defining diagnostic biomarkers of altered neural activity for early disease detection and monitoring of its pathophysiological course, as well as for their therapeutic potential of boosting residual cognitive functions. Nevertheless, current approaches suffer from some limitations. In this study, we review and discuss experimental NiBS applications that might help improve the efficacy of future NiBS uses in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), including perturbation-based biomarkers for early diagnosis and disease tracking, solutions to enhance synchronization of oscillatory electroencephalographic activity across brain networks, enhancement of sleep-related memory consolidation, image-guided stimulation for connectome control, protocols targeting interneuron pathology and protein clearance, and finally hybrid-brain models for in-silico modeling of AD pathology and personalized target selection. The present work aims to stress the importance of multidisciplinary, translational, model-driven interventions for precision medicine approaches in AD.
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20
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Liu C, Zhao L, Xu K, Wei Y, Mai W, Liang L, Piao R, Geng B, Zhang S, Deng D, Liu P. Altered functional connectivity density in mild cognitive impairment with moxibustion treatment: A resting-state fMRI study. Brain Res 2022; 1775:147732. [PMID: 34813773 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a general neurodegenerative disease. Moxibustion has been shown to have remarkable effect on cognitive improvement, however, less is known about the effect of moxibustion on MCI and its underlying neural mechanism. This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative brain network in MCI after treatments of acupoint-related moxibustion. METHODS Resting-state functional MRI were derived from 47 MCI patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs). Patients were randomized as Tiaoshen YiZhi (TSYZ, n = 27) and sham (SHAM, n = 20) acupoint moxibustion groups. Functional connectivity density (FCD) method and repeated-measures two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed to ascertain the interaction effects between groups (TSYZ and SHAM) and time (baseline and post-treatment). Abnormal FCD was examined between baseline and post-treatment in TSYZ and SHAM groups, respectively. RESULTS Compared with HCs, MCI showed altered FCD in the middle frontal cortex (MFC), inferior frontal cortex, temporal pole, thalamus and middle cingulate cortex. After moxibustion treatment in MCI, 1) a significant time-by-groups interaction was observed in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC); 2) abnormal long-range FCD (lrFCD) in the mPFC and MFC were modulated in TSYZ group; 3) significantly improved clinical symptoms; 4) changed lrFCD in the MFC was significantly negatively correlated with the increased Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in TSYZ group. CONCLUSIONS These imaging findings suggest that treatments of acupoint-related moxibustion could improve lrFCD in certain regions related to self-related cognitive and decision making. Our study might promote understanding of MCI neural mechanisms and expand the clinical application of moxibustion in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Liu
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Yichen Wei
- Department of Radiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Mai
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lingyan Liang
- Department of Radiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Ruiqing Piao
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Bowen Geng
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Shuming Zhang
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Demao Deng
- Department of Radiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- Life Science Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China.
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21
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Sorella S, Vellani V, Siugzdaite R, Feraco P, Grecucci A. Structural and functional brain networks of individual differences in trait anger and anger control: An unsupervised machine learning study. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:510-527. [PMID: 34797003 PMCID: PMC9303475 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The ability to experience, use and eventually control anger is crucial to maintain well-being and build healthy relationships. Despite its relevance, the neural mechanisms behind individual differences in experiencing and controlling anger are poorly understood. To elucidate these points, we employed an unsupervised machine learning approach based on independent component analysis to test the hypothesis that specific functional and structural networks are associated with individual differences in trait anger and anger control. Structural and functional resting state images of 71 subjects as well as their scores from the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory entered the analyses. At a structural level, the concentration of grey matter in a network including ventromedial temporal areas, posterior cingulate, fusiform gyrus and cerebellum was associated with trait anger. The higher the concentration, the higher the proneness to experience anger in daily life due to the greater tendency to orient attention towards aversive events and interpret them with higher hostility. At a functional level, the activity of the default mode network (DMN) was associated with anger control. The higher the DMN temporal frequency, the stronger the exerted control over anger, thus extending previous evidence on the role of the DMN in regulating cognitive and emotional functions in the domain of anger. Taken together, these results show, for the first time, two specialized brain networks for encoding individual differences in trait anger and anger control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sorella
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (DiPSCo)University of TrentoRoveretoItaly
| | - Valentina Vellani
- Affective Brain Lab, Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Paola Feraco
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Alessandro Grecucci
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences (DiPSCo)University of TrentoRoveretoItaly,Centre for Medical Sciences (CISMed)University of TrentoTrentoItaly
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22
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Kanno S, Ogawa KI, Kikuchi H, Toyoshima M, Abe N, Sato K, Miyazawa K, Oshima R, Ohtomo S, Arai H, Shibuya S, Suzuki K. Reduced default mode network connectivity relative to white matter integrity is associated with poor cognitive outcomes in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:353. [PMID: 34517828 PMCID: PMC8436532 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate whether default mode network (DMN) connectivity and brain white matter integrity at baseline were associated with severe cognitive impairments at baseline and poor cognitive outcomes after shunt placement in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). METHODS Twenty consecutive patients with iNPH whose symptoms were followed for 6 months after shunt placement and 10 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. DMN connectivity and brain white matter integrity at baseline in the patients with iNPH and HCs were detected by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with independent component analysis and diffusion tensor imaging, respectively, and these MRI indexes were compared between the patients with iNPH and HCs. Performance on neuropsychological tests for memory and executive function and on the gait test was assessed in the patients with iNPH at baseline and 6 months after shunt placement. We divided the patients with iNPH into the relatively preserved and reduced DMN connectivity groups using the MRI indexes for DMN connectivity and brain white matter integrity, and the clinical measures were compared between the relatively preserved and reduced DMN connectivity groups. RESULTS Mean DMN connectivity in the iNPH group was significantly lower than that in the HC group and was significantly positively correlated with Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT) immediate recall scores and frontal assessment battery (FAB) scores. Mean fractional anisotropy of the whole-brain white matter skeleton in the iNPH group was significantly lower than that in the HC group. The reduced DMN connectivity group showed significantly worse performance on the RAVLT at baseline and significantly worse improvement in the RAVLT immediate recall and recognition scores and the FAB scores than the preserved DMN connectivity group. Moreover, the RAVLT recognition score highly discriminated patients with relatively preserved DMN connectivity from those with relatively reduced DMN connectivity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that iNPH patients with reduced DMN connectivity relative to the severity of brain white matter disruption have severe memory deficits at baseline and poorer cognitive outcomes after shunt placement. However, further larger-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Kanno
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Miyagi, 980-8575, Sendai, Japan. .,Department of Neurology, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan.
| | - Kun-Ichi Ogawa
- Department of Radiology, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kikuchi
- Healthcare Center, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan
| | - Masako Toyoshima
- Department of Rehabilitation, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Abe
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazushi Sato
- Department of Radiology, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan
| | - Koichi Miyazawa
- Department of Neurology, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuji Oshima
- Department of Neurology, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan
| | - Satoru Ohtomo
- Department of Neurosurgery, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Arai
- Department of Neurosurgery, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shibuya
- Department of Neurology, South Miyagi Medical Center, Shibata, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Moriyama Memorial Hospital, Edogawa, Japan
| | - Kyoko Suzuki
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Miyagi, 980-8575, Sendai, Japan
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Wales RM, Leung HC. The Effects of Amyloid and Tau on Functional Network Connectivity in Older Populations. Brain Connect 2021; 11:599-612. [PMID: 33813858 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroimaging studies suggest that aged brains show altered connectivity within and across functional networks. Similar changes in functional network integrity are also linked to the accumulation of pathological proteins in the brain, such as amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles seen in Alzheimer's disease. However, less is known about the specific impacts of amyloid and tau on functional network connectivity in cognitively normal older adults who harbor these proteins. Methods: We briefly summarize recent neuroimaging studies of aging and then thoroughly review positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies measuring the relationship between amyloid-tau pathology and functional connectivity in cognitively normal older individuals. Results: The literature overall suggests that amyloid-positive older individuals show minor cognitive dysfunction and aberrant default mode network connectivity compared with amyloid-negative individuals. Tau, however, is more closely associated with network hypoconnectivity and poorer cognition. Those with substantial amyloid and tau experience even greater cognitive decline compared with those with primarily amyloid or tau, suggesting a potential interaction. Multimodal neuroimaging studies suggest that older adults with pathological protein deposits show amyloid-related hyperconnectivity and tau-related hypoconnectivity in multiple functional networks, including the default mode and frontoparietal networks. Discussion: We propose an updated model considering the effects of amyloid and tau on functional connectivity in older individuals. Large, longitudinal neuroimaging studies with multiple levels of analysis are required to obtain a deeper understanding of the dynamic relationship between pathological protein accumulation and functional connectivity changes, as amyloid- and tau-induced connectivity alterations may have critical and time-varying effects on neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Impact statement Amyloid and tau accumulation have been linked with altered functional connectivity in cognitively normal older adults. This review synthesized recent functional imaging literatures in a discussion of how amyloid and tau can interactively affect functional connectivity in nonlinear ways, which can explain previous conflicting findings. Changes in connectivity strength may depend on the accumulation of both amyloid and tau, and their integrative effects seem to have critical consequences on cognition. Elucidating the effects of these pathological proteins on brain functioning is paramount to understand the etiology of Alzheimer's disease and the aging process overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Michael Wales
- Integrative Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Hoi-Chung Leung
- Integrative Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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24
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Sendi MSE, Zendehrouh E, Miller RL, Fu Z, Du Y, Liu J, Mormino EC, Salat DH, Calhoun VD. Alzheimer's Disease Projection From Normal to Mild Dementia Reflected in Functional Network Connectivity: A Longitudinal Study. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 14:593263. [PMID: 33551754 PMCID: PMC7859281 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.593263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related problem and progresses in different stages, including mild cognitive impairment (early stage), mild dementia (middle-stage), and severe dementia (late-stage). Recent studies showed changes in functional network connectivity obtained from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) during the transition from healthy aging to AD. By assuming that the brain interaction is static during the scanning time, most prior studies are focused on static functional or functional network connectivity (sFNC). Dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) explores temporal patterns of functional connectivity and provides additional information to its static counterpart. Method We used longitudinal rs-fMRI from 1385 scans (from 910 subjects) at different stages of AD (from normal to very mild AD or vmAD). We used group-independent component analysis (group-ICA) and extracted 53 maximally independent components (ICs) for the whole brain. Next, we used a sliding-window approach to estimate dFNC from the extracted 53 ICs, then group them into 3 different brain states using a clustering method. Then, we estimated a hidden Markov model (HMM) and the occupancy rate (OCR) for each subject. Finally, we investigated the link between the clinical rate of each subject with state-specific FNC, OCR, and HMM. Results All states showed significant disruption during progression normal brain to vmAD one. Specifically, we found that subcortical network, auditory network, visual network, sensorimotor network, and cerebellar network connectivity decrease in vmAD compared with those of a healthy brain. We also found reorganized patterns (i.e., both increases and decreases) in the cognitive control network and default mode network connectivity by progression from normal to mild dementia. Similarly, we found a reorganized pattern of between-network connectivity when the brain transits from normal to mild dementia. However, the connectivity between visual and sensorimotor network connectivity decreases in vmAD compared with that of a healthy brain. Finally, we found a normal brain spends more time in a state with higher connectivity between visual and sensorimotor networks. Conclusion Our results showed the temporal and spatial pattern of whole-brain FNC differentiates AD form healthy control and suggested substantial disruptions across multiple dynamic states. In more detail, our results suggested that the sensory network is affected more than other brain network, and default mode network is one of the last brain networks get affected by AD In addition, abnormal patterns of whole-brain dFNC were identified in the early stage of AD, and some abnormalities were correlated with the clinical score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. E. Sendi
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Elaheh Zendehrouh
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Robyn L. Miller
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yuhui Du
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Mormino
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David H. Salat
- Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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25
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Brembs B. The brain as a dynamically active organ. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 564:55-69. [PMID: 33317833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nervous systems are typically described as static networks passively responding to external stimuli (i.e., the 'sensorimotor hypothesis'). However, for more than a century now, evidence has been accumulating that this passive-static perspective is wrong. Instead, evidence suggests that nervous systems dynamically change their connectivity and actively generate behavior so their owners can achieve goals in the world, some of which involve controlling their sensory feedback. This review provides a brief overview of the different historical perspectives on general brain function and details some select modern examples falsifying the sensorimotor hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Brembs
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Zoologie - Neurogenetik, Regensburg, Germany.
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