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Kim KJ, Hwang ES, Kim MJ, Rha CS, Song MC, Maeng S, Park JH, Kim DO. Effects of Phenolic-Rich Pinus densiflora Extract on Learning, Memory, and Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122497. [PMID: 36552705 PMCID: PMC9774118 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia with cognitive impairment. Various plant-derived phenolics are known to alleviate cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease by radical scavenging and strengthening synaptic plasticity activities. Here, we examined the cognition-improving effect of Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. bark extract (PBE). We identified and quantified phenolics in the PBE using a UHPLC-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. To evaluate the cognition-enhancing effects of PBE, scopolamine-induced amnesic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (5 weeks old) and ion channel antagonist-induced organotypic hippocampal slices of SD rats (7 days old) were used. Twenty-three phenolics were tentatively identified in PBE, 10 of which were quantified. Oral administration of PBE to the scopolamine-induced SD rats improved cognitive impairment in behavioral tests. PBE-fed SD rats showed significantly improved antioxidant indices (superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and malondialdehyde content) and reduced acetylcholinesterase activity in hippocampal lysate compared with the scopolamine group. PBE increased the long-term potentiation (LTP) induction and rescued LTP from blockades by the muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist (scopolamine) and N-methyl-D-aspartate channel antagonist (2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid) in the organotypic hippocampal slices. These results suggest that polyphenol-rich PBE is applicable as a cognition-improving agent due to its antioxidant properties and enhancement of LTP induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Joong Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sang Hwang
- Department of Gerontology (AgeTech-Service Convergence Major), Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Su Rha
- AMOREPACIFIC R&I Center, Yongin 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Chong Song
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Maeng
- Department of Gerontology (AgeTech-Service Convergence Major), Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Gerontology (AgeTech-Service Convergence Major), Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.P.); (D.-O.K.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (J.-H.P.); Tel.: +82-31-201-3796 (D.-O.K.)
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.P.); (D.-O.K.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (J.-H.P.); Tel.: +82-31-201-3796 (D.-O.K.)
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2
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Cho JA, Roh YJ, Son HR, Choi H, Lee JW, Kim SJ, Lee CH. Assessment of the biofilm-forming ability on solid surfaces of periprosthetic infection-associated pathogens. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18669. [PMID: 36333517 PMCID: PMC9636376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is one of the leading causes of complications after surgery in clinical settings. In this study, we profiled the biofilm-forming ability of various periprosthetic infection-associated pathogens on medically relevant surfaces, polystyrene (PS) and titanium (Ti). We also explored how a specific environmental stressor, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), affected biofilm formation. First, Congo red tests revealed that all microorganisms formed biofilms within 72 h. Then, the amounts of biofilm formation on PS at 24, 48 and 72 h and also on a Ti plate for 72 h were determined. Some microbes preferred one surface over the other, whereas other microbes formed consistent levels of biofilm regardless of the surface material. Staphylococcus lugdunenensis was the most potent, while Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus were the weakest. Bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbon (BATH) tests indicated that the biofilm-forming abilities were not directly correlated with cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH). Finally, an external signal, EGCG, was applied to challenge the biofilm formation of each microorganism. EGCG regulated each microorganism's ability differently, though the change was consistent across surfaces for most pathogens. This study can help a better understanding of a broad spectrum of periprosthetic infection-associated pathogens by relative comparison of their biofilm-forming abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Cho
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721School of Undergraduate Studies, College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea ,grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Hospital, Hallym University, Hwasung, 18450 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Roh
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Son
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Hospital, Hallym University, Hwasung, 18450 Republic of Korea ,grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Hojung Choi
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea ,grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04762 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- grid.254187.d0000 0000 9475 8840Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Kim
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Hospital, Hallym University, Hwasung, 18450 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hun Lee
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea ,grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721New Biology Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
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Paul AK, Jahan R, Paul A, Mahboob T, Bondhon TA, Jannat K, Hasan A, Nissapatorn V, Wilairatana P, de Lourdes Pereira M, Wiart C, Rahmatullah M. The Role of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants against Obesity and Arthritis: A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050985. [PMID: 35267958 PMCID: PMC8912584 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant health concern, as it causes a massive cascade of chronic inflammations and multiple morbidities. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are chronic inflammatory conditions and often manifest as comorbidities of obesity. Adipose tissues serve as a reservoir of energy as well as releasing several inflammatory cytokines (including IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) that stimulate low-grade chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, fatty liver disease, oxidative stress, and chronic kidney diseases. Dietary intake, low physical activity, unhealthy lifestyle, smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetic and environmental factors can influence obesity and arthritis. Current arthritis management using modern medicines produces various adverse reactions. Medicinal plants have been a significant part of traditional medicine, and various plants and phytochemicals have shown effectiveness against arthritis and obesity; however, scientifically, this traditional plant-based treatment option needs validation through proper clinical trials and toxicity tests. In addition, essential oils obtained from aromatic plants are being widely used as for complementary therapy (e.g., aromatherapy, smelling, spicing, and consumption with food) against arthritis and obesity; scientific evidence is necessary to support their effectiveness. This review is an attempt to understand the pathophysiological connections between obesity and arthritis, and describes treatment options derived from medicinal, spice, and aromatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok K. Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.P.); (P.W.); (M.R.)
| | - Rownak Jahan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Anita Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Tooba Mahboob
- School of Allied Health Sciences, World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD) and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (T.M.); (V.N.)
| | - Tohmina A. Bondhon
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Khoshnur Jannat
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Anamul Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD) and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (T.M.); (V.N.)
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.K.P.); (P.W.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Christophe Wiart
- The Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (R.J.); (T.A.B.); (K.J.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.P.); (P.W.); (M.R.)
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Zhang Y, Xiong Y, Shen S, Yang J, Wang W, Wu T, Chen L, Yu Q, Zuo H, Wang X, Lei X. Causal Association Between Tea Consumption and Kidney Function: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:801591. [PMID: 35425787 PMCID: PMC9002236 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.801591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Causal research concerning the consumption of tea and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is limited. This study identified the potential causal effects of tea intake on CKD, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and albuminuria. Methods Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) from UK Biobank were able to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with an extra cup of tea each day. The summary statistics for the kidney function from the CKDGen consortium include 11,765 participants (12,385 cases of CKD) and 54,116 participants for the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio who were mostly of European descent. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to test the relationship between the selected SNPs and the risk of CKD. Results A total of 2,672 SNPs associated with tea consumption (p < 5 × 10-8) were found, 45 of which were independent and usable in CKDGen. Drinking more cups of tea per day indicates a protective effect for CKD G3-G5 [odds ratio (OR) = 0.803; p = 0.004] and increases eGFR (β = 0.019 log ml/min/1.73 m2 per cup per day; p = 2.21 × 10-5). Excluding two SNPs responsible for directional heterogeneity (Cochran Q p = 0.02), a high consumption of tea was also negatively correlated with a lower risk of albuminuria (OR = 0.758; p = 0.002). Conclusion From the perspective of genes, causal relationships exist between daily extra cup of tea and the reduced risk of CKD and albuminuria and increased eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchang Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xiong
- The West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shisi Shen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jialu Yang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Public Health & Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuhua Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hangjia Zuo
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xun Lei
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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5
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Nishioka H, Ohno T, Iwahashi H, Horie M. Diversity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Involved in the Fermentation of Awa-bancha. Microbes Environ 2021; 36. [PMID: 34840198 PMCID: PMC8674441 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me21029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The lactic acid bacteria involved in fermentation and components in the tea leaves of Awa-bancha, a post-fermented tea produced in Naka, Kamikatsu, and Miyoshi, Tokushima, were investigated in the present study. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from tea leaves after anaerobic fermentation and identified by multiplex PCR targeting of the recA gene and 16S ribosomal RNA gene homology. Lactiplantibacillus pentosus was the most frequently isolated species in Naka and Kamikatsu and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in Miyoshi. In the phylogenetic tree based on the dnaK gene, L. pentosus isolated from Awa-bancha was roughly grouped by the production area and producer. The bacterial flora after anaerobic fermentation was dominated by Lactiplantibacillus spp. for most producers, and the compositions of samples from each producer varied. Organic acids, free amino acids, and catechins were analyzed as components related to the flavor of Awa-bancha. These components were unique to each producer. The present results revealed diversity in the lactic acid bacteria and flavor of Awa-bancha that depended on the producer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nishioka
- Food and Biotechnology Division, Tokushima Prefectural Industrial Technology Center.,United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University
| | - Tomoki Ohno
- The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University
| | | | - Masanori Horie
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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6
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Chen X, Man GCW, Hung SW, Zhang T, Fung LWY, Cheung CW, Chung JPW, Li TC, Wang CC. Therapeutic effects of green tea on endometriosis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-14. [PMID: 34620005 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1986465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. It affects 8%-10% of women in their reproductive years, and represents a major clinical problem with deleterious social, sexual and reproductive consequences. Current treatment options include pain relief, hormonal intervention and surgical removal. However, these treatments are deemed unsatisfactory owing to varying success, significant side effects and high recurrence rates. Green tea and its major bioactive component, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), possess diverse biological properties, particularly anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis, and apoptosis induction. In recent years, preclinical studies have proposed the use of green tea to inhibit the growth of endometriosis. Herein, the aim of this review is to summarize the potential therapeutic effects of green tea on molecular and cellular mechanism through inflammation, oxidative stress, invasion and adhesion, apoptosis and angiogenesis in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Gene Chi Wai Man
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Sze Wan Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Linda Wen Ying Fung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chun Wai Cheung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Jacqueline Pui Wah Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Tin Chiu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; School of Biomedical Sciences; Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; School of Biomedical Sciences; Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Shen P, Jiao Y. WITHDRAWN: Epicatechin gallate-loaded calcium alginate sponges promote diabetic wound healing through protecting against oxidative stress and modulation of immune response via PI3K/AKT/NFκB signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2021:S0141-8130(21)01437-9. [PMID: 34229022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shen
- Northern Beijing Medical District, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Stomatology, the 7th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China.
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Balakrishnan R, Azam S, Cho DY, Su-Kim I, Choi DK. Natural Phytochemicals as Novel Therapeutic Strategies to Prevent and Treat Parkinson's Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6680935. [PMID: 34122727 PMCID: PMC8169248 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6680935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative chronic disease affecting both cognitive performance and motor functions in aged people. Yet despite the prevalence of this disease, the current therapeutic options for the management of PD can only alleviate motor symptoms. Research has explored novel substances for naturally derived antioxidant phytochemicals with potential therapeutic benefits for PD patients through their neuroprotective mechanism, targeting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, abnormal protein accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neurotrophic factor deficit, and apoptosis. The aim of the present study is to perform a comprehensive evaluation of naturally derived antioxidant phytochemicals with neuroprotective or therapeutic activities in PD, focusing on their neuropharmacological mechanisms, including modulation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, growth factor induction, neurotransmitter activity, direct regulation of mitochondrial apoptotic machinery, prevention of protein aggregation via modulation of protein folding, modification of cell signaling pathways, enhanced systemic immunity, autophagy, and proteasome activity. In addition, we provide data showing the relationship between nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and PD is supported by studies demonstrating that antiparkinsonian phytochemicals can activate the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway and Nrf2-dependent protein expression, preventing cellular oxidative damage and PD. Furthermore, we explore several experimental models that evaluated the potential neuroprotective efficacy of antioxidant phytochemical derivatives for their inhibitory effects on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the brain. Finally, we highlight recent developments in the nanodelivery of antioxidant phytochemicals and its neuroprotective application against pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress. In conclusion, naturally derived antioxidant phytochemicals can be considered as future pharmaceutical drug candidates to potentially alleviate symptoms or slow the progression of PD. However, further well-designed clinical studies are required to evaluate the protective and therapeutic benefits of phytochemicals as promising drugs in the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengasamy Balakrishnan
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Shofiul Azam
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Yeon Cho
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - In Su-Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
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9
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Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: A Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010203. [PMID: 33445474 PMCID: PMC7827176 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin is continually changing. The condition of the skin largely depends on the individual’s overall state of health. A balanced diet plays an important role in the proper functioning of the human body, including the skin. The present study draws attention to bioactive substances, i.e., vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, polyphenols, and carotenoids, with a particular focus on their effects on the condition of the skin. The aim of the study was to review the literature on the effects of bioactive substances on skin parameters such as elasticity, firmness, wrinkles, senile dryness, hydration and color, and to define their role in the process of skin ageing.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Sairaman Saikrithika
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Annamalai Senthil Kumar
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu India
- Carbon dioxide and Green Technology Research Centre Vellore Institute of Technology University Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu India
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11
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Osmakov DI, Khasanov TA, Andreev YA, Lyukmanova EN, Kozlov SA. Animal, Herb, and Microbial Toxins for Structural and Pharmacological Study of Acid-Sensing Ion Channels. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:991. [PMID: 32733241 PMCID: PMC7360831 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are of the most sensitive molecular sensors of extracellular pH change in mammals. Six isoforms of these channels are widely represented in membranes of neuronal and non-neuronal cells, where these molecules are involved in different important regulatory functions, such as synaptic plasticity, learning, memory, and nociception, as well as in various pathological states. Structural and functional studies of both wild-type and mutant ASICs are essential for human care and medicine for the efficient treatment of socially significant diseases and ensure a comfortable standard of life. Ligands of ASICs serve as indispensable tools for these studies. Such bioactive compounds can be synthesized artificially. However, to date, the search for such molecules has been most effective amongst natural sources, such as animal venoms or plants and microbial extracts. In this review, we provide a detailed and comprehensive structural and functional description of natural compounds acting on ASICs, as well as the latest information on structural aspects of their interaction with the channels. Many of the examples provided in the review demonstrate the undoubted fundamental and practical successes of using natural toxins. Without toxins, it would not be possible to obtain data on the mechanisms of ASICs' functioning, provide detailed study of their pharmacological properties, or assess the contribution of the channels to development of different pathologies. The selectivity to different isoforms and variety in the channel modulation mode allow for the appraisal of prospective candidates for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I. Osmakov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur A. Khasanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav A. Andreev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Lyukmanova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Kozlov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Pogačnik L, Ota A, Poklar Ulrih N. An Overview of Crucial Dietary Substances and Their Modes of Action for Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:E576. [PMID: 32121302 PMCID: PMC7140513 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis are becoming one of the main health concerns due to the increasing aging of the world's population. These diseases often share the same biological mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and/or protein fibrillation. Recently, there have been many studies published pointing out the possibilities to reduce and postpone the clinical manifestation of these deadly diseases through lifelong consumption of some crucial dietary substances, among which phytochemicals (e.g., polyphenols) and endogenous substances (e.g., acetyl-L-carnitine, coenzyme Q10, n-3 poysaturated fatty acids) showed the most promising results. Another important issue that has been pointed out recently is the availability of these substances to the central nervous system, where they have to be present in high enough concentrations in order to exhibit their neuroprotective properties. As so, such the aim of this review is to summarize the recent findings regarding neuroprotective substances, their mechanisms of action, as well as to point out therapeutic considerations, including their bioavailability and safety for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.P.); (A.O.)
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13
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Chen C, Li T, Chen Z, Wang L, Luo X. Absorption Rates and Mechanisms of Avenanthramides in a Caco-2 Cell Model and Their Antioxidant Activity during Absorption. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2347-2356. [PMID: 32026690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Avenanthramides (AVNs) are a unique kind of polyphenols that were only detected in the oats and have been demonstrated to exhibit strong antioxidant activities but low bioavailability. The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the absorption rates and mechanisms of AVNs (AVN 2c, AVN 2f, and AVN 2p) using a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2) cell model and clarify the influence of the absorption process on the antioxidant capacities of AVNs. Furthermore, the absorption rates and antioxidant activities of ferulic acid and caffeic acid were compared with those of AVNs. Results showed that the apparent absorption rates (Papp) of AVN 2c, AVN 2f, and AVN 2p were 0.65 ± 0.05 × 10-6, 1.18 ± 0.16 × 10-6, and 1.44 ± 0.09 × 10-6 cm/s, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of caffeic acid (3.76 ± 0.31 × 10-6 cm/s) and ferulic acid (1.69 ± 0.13 × 10-5 cm/s). Moreover, the metabolites (caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and AVN 2f) of AVNs after absorption were detected and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Before absorption, although the antioxidant capacities of AVNs were significantly stronger than those of ferulic acid and caffeic acid, there was an opposite result after absorption. In addition, AVNs transported the Caco-2 monolayer by paracellular diffusion and were affected by monoamine oxidase and efflux transporters (P-gp, MRP2) during absorption. The co-administration of quercetin could significantly improve the absorption rates of AVNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Zhengxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Xiaohu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
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14
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Suroowan S, Mahomoodally MF. Herbal Medicine of the 21st Century: A Focus on the Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity of Five Widely Advocated Phytotherapies. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 19:2718-2738. [PMID: 31721714 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191112121330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Widely advocated for their health benefits worldwide, herbal medicines (HMs) have evolved into a billion dollar generating industry. Much is known regarding their wellness inducing properties, prophylactic and therapeutic benefits for the relief of both minor to chronic ailment conditions given their long-standing use among various cultures worldwide. On the other hand, their equally meaningful chemistry, pharmacokinetic profile in humans, interaction and toxicity profile have been poorly researched and documented. Consequently, this review is an attempt to highlight the health benefits, pharmacokinetics, interaction, and toxicity profile of five globally famous HMs. A systematic literature search was conducted by browsing major scientific databases such as Bentham Science, SciFinder, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar and EBSCO to include 196 articles. In general, ginsenosides, glycyrrhizin and curcumin demonstrate low bioavailability when orally administered. Ginkgo biloba L. induces both CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 and alters the AUC and Cmax of conventional medications including midazolam, tolbutamide, lopinavir and nifedipine. Ginsenosides Re stimulates CYP2C9, decreasing the anticoagulant activity of warfarin. Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze increases the bioavailability of buspirone and is rich in vitamin K thereby inhibiting the activity of anticoagulant agents. Glycyrrhiza glabra L. displaces serum bound cardiovascular drugs such as diltiazem, nifedipine and verapamil. Herbal medicine can directly affect hepatocytes leading to hepatoxicity based on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The potentiation of the activity of concurrently administered conventional agents is potentially lethal especially if the drugs bear dangerous side effects and have a low therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suroowan
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - M F Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius.,Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
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15
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Sontag G, Pinto MI, Noronha JP, Burrows HD. Analysis of Food by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Coulometric Detection and Related Techniques: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4113-4144. [PMID: 30900882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of single coulometric cells in combination with high performance liquid chromatography to dual cells and to the coulometric electrode array detector is described. An overview is given about the application of these methods in food chemistry. Easily oxidizable compounds, such as phenolic substances, pesticides, or vitamins, can be determined, as well as substances with high oxidation potentials or electroinactive compounds. Substances exhibiting poor electrochemical activity can be transformed to electroactive compounds by precolumn derivatization, postcolumn photochemical reactions, postcolumn enzyme reactors, or by using the oxidative/reductive mode for coulometric electrode array detection. Furthermore, it is shown that the interesting combination of high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemistry and mass spectrometry has opened further possibilities with respect to interpretation of redox reactions, drug metabolism studies, metabolomics, and electrochemical derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Sontag
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währingerstrasse 38 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Maria I Pinto
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Chemistry Department, FCT , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica , Portugal
| | - João P Noronha
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Chemistry Department, FCT , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica , Portugal
| | - Hugh D Burrows
- Centro de Quimica, Chemistry Department , University of Coimbra , 3004-535 Coimbra , Portugal
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16
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Renaud J, Martinoli MG. Considerations for the Use of Polyphenols as Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1883. [PMID: 30995776 PMCID: PMC6514961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the increase in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases due to the increasingly ageing population has resulted in a major social and economic burden. At present, a large body of literature supports the potential use of functional nutrients, which exhibit potential neuroprotective properties to mitigate these diseases. Among the most studied dietary molecules, polyphenols stand out because of their multiple and often overlapping reported modes of action. However, ambiguity still exists as to the significance of their influence on human health. This review discusses the characteristics and functions of polyphenols that shape their potential therapeutic actions in neurodegenerative diseases while the less-explored gaps in knowledge of these nutrients will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Renaud
- Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec, Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC G9A5H7, Canada.
| | - Maria-Grazia Martinoli
- Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec, Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC G9A5H7, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Université Laval and CHU Research Center, Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
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17
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Casanova E, Salvadó J, Crescenti A, Gibert-Ramos A. Epigallocatechin Gallate Modulates Muscle Homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity by Targeting Energetic and Redox Pathways: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030532. [PMID: 30691224 PMCID: PMC6387143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipose tissue, affecting the healthy secretion profile of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines. Increased influx of fatty acids and inflammatory adipokines from adipose tissue can induce muscle oxidative stress and inflammation and negatively regulate myocyte metabolism. Muscle has emerged as an important mediator of homeostatic control through the consumption of energy substrates, as well as governing systemic signaling networks. In muscle, obesity is related to decreased glucose uptake, deregulation of lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review focuses on the effect of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) on oxidative stress and inflammation, linked to the metabolic dysfunction of skeletal muscle in obesity and their underlying mechanisms. EGCG works by increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, by reversing the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in skeletal muscle and regulating mitochondria-involved autophagy. Moreover, EGCG increases muscle lipid oxidation and stimulates glucose uptake in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. EGCG acts by modulating cell signaling including the NF-κB, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Casanova
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Josepa Salvadó
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Crescenti
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Avinguda Universitat 1, 43204 Reus, Spain.
| | - Albert Gibert-Ramos
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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18
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Silveira AC, Dias JP, Santos VM, Oliveira PF, Alves MG, Rato L, Silva BM. The Action of Polyphenols in Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease: A Common Agent for Overlapping Pathologies. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:590-613. [PMID: 30081787 PMCID: PMC6712293 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180803162059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two prevalent diseases in modern societies, which are caused mainly by current lifestyle, aging and genetic alterations. It has already been demonstrated that these two diseases are associated, since individuals suffering from DM are prone to develop AD. Conversely, it is also known that individuals with AD are more susceptible to DM, namely type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Therefore, these two pathologies, although completely different in terms of symptomatology, end up sharing several mechanisms at the molecular level, with the most obvious being the increase of oxidative stress and inflammation. Polyphenols are natural compounds widely spread in fruits and vegetables whose dietary intake has been considered inversely proportional to the incidence of DM and AD. So, it is believed that this group of phytochemicals may have preventive and therapeutic potential, not only by reducing the risk and delaying the development of these pathologies, but also by improving brain's metabolic profile and cognitive function. The aim of this review is to understand the extent to which DM and AD are related pathologies, the degree of similarity and the relationship between them, to detail the molecular mechanisms by which polyphenols may exert a protective effect, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and highlight possible advantages of their use as common preventive and therapeutic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Branca M. Silva
- Address correspondence to this author at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D.Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Tel: +351 275319700; Fax: +351 275 329 183; E-mail:
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19
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Wu X, Xie CQ, Zhu QQ, Wang MY, Sun B, Huang YP, Shen C, An MF, Zhao YL, Wang XJ, Sheng J. Green tea ( Camellia sinensis) aqueous extract alleviates postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats and prevents RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Food Nutr Res 2018; 62:1478. [PMID: 30349445 PMCID: PMC6190732 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Green tea (Camelliasinensis [L.] Kuntze) belongs to the plant family Theaceae and is mainly distributed in East Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. This plant has been proven to be beneficial to human health, and green tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world after water. However, until now, the effect of green tea aqueous extract (GTE) upon postmenopausal osteoporosis has remained unclear. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of GTE on estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis and explored the possible mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Materials and methods Ovariectomized (OVX) female rats were orally administered with GTE at doses of 60, 120, and 370 mg kg−1 for 13 consecutive weeks. The biochemical parameters, bone gla protein, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, estrogen, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 in blood samples were detected, and histological change in bones was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Meanwhile, the mechanisms of GTE on osteoclast formation were explored in RAW 264.7 cells induced by receptor activation of the nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL). Results The results showed that GTE could increase bone mass and inhibit trabecular bone loss in OVX rats. Furthermore, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis from in vitro experiments also showed that GTE reduced the mRNA expression of osteoclast-associated genes such as cathepsin K (cath-K), c-Fos, matrix metalloproteinase 9, nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. In addition, GTE caused a reduction in the protein levels of NFATc1, c-Fos, c-src and cath-K. Conclusion Evidence from both animal models and in vitro experiments suggested that GTE might effectively ameliorate the symptoms of osteoporosis in OVX rats and inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast-specific gene and protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chuan-Qi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ming-Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Ping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Meng-Fei An
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xuan-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, China
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20
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Scholl C, Lepper A, Lehr T, Hanke N, Schneider KL, Brockmöller J, Seufferlein T, Stingl JC. Population nutrikinetics of green tea extract. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193074. [PMID: 29466429 PMCID: PMC5821365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea polyphenols may contribute to the prevention of cancer and other diseases. To learn more about the pharmacokinetics and interindividual variation of green tea polyphenols after oral intake in humans we performed a population nutrikinetic study of standardized green tea extract. 84 healthy participants took green tea extract capsules standardized to 150 mg epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) twice a day for 5 days. On day 5 catechin plasma concentrations were analyzed using non-compartmental and population pharmacokinetic methods. A strong between-subject variability in catechin pharmacokinetics was found with maximum plasma concentrations varying more than 6-fold. The AUCs of EGCG, EGC and ECG were 877.9 (360.8-1576.5), 35.1 (8.0-87.4), and 183.6 (55.5-364.6) h*μg/L respectively, and the elimination half lives were 2.6 (1.8-3.8), 3.9 (0.9-10.7) and 1.8 (0.8-2.9) h, respectively. Genetic polymorphisms in genes of the drug transporters MRP2 and OATP1B1 could at least partly explain the high variability in pharmacokinetic parameters. The observed variability in catechin plasma levels might contribute to interindividual variation in benefical and adverse effects of green tea polyphenols. Our data could help to gain a better understanding of the causes of variability of green tea effects and to improve the design of studies on the effects of green tea polyphenols in different health conditions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01360320.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Scholl
- Research Division, Federal Institute of Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Lepper
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lehr
- Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nina Hanke
- Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Brockmöller
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Julia Carolin Stingl
- Research Division, Federal Institute of Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
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21
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Novel tactics for neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease: Role of antibiotics, polyphenols and neuropeptides. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 155:120-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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22
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Santini A, Novellino E. Nutraceuticals in hypercholesterolaemia: an overview. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1450-1463. [PMID: 27685833 PMCID: PMC5429323 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing attention is now being given to the possible preventive/alternative ways to avoid illness onset. Changes in lifestyle and food habits are taking over from the conventional pharmaceutical-based approach, especially for chronic pathologies. Nutraceuticals have been proposed as key tools for the prevention and cure of some pathological conditions. This is leading research to develop new formulations based on these pharma-foods addressed in a specific way to prevent and cure health issues, which, in turn, will have an effect on therapy-related costs sustained by any National Health Organization. According to existing regulations, nutraceuticals cannot be categorized as either food or drugs but, by definition, often inhabit a grey area in between the two, being assimilated into food supplements, notwithstanding the beneficial properties that they can provide for some pathological conditions. A nutraceuticals-based approach for health management, in particular for some pathological conditions, has resulted in a worldwide growing 'nutraceutical' revolution. An outstanding example is the approach to the 'metabolic syndrome', which includes overweight, obesity and cardiovascular-related diseases, causing a sort of cascade of chronic health conditions, which is becoming a norm in modern life. Hypercholesterolaemia is one of these. It represents an example of a pathology that can be linked to both a poor lifestyle and dietary habits. The nutraceutical approach to hypercholesterolaemia is described in the present review as a possible alternative to the conventional drug-based therapy. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Napoli Federico IINaplesItaly
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Roychoudhury S, Agarwal A, Virk G, Cho CL. Potential role of green tea catechins in the management of oxidative stress-associated infertility. Reprod Biomed Online 2017; 34:487-498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Jochum F, Alteheld B, Meinardus P, Dahlinger N, Nomayo A, Stehle P. Mothers' Consumption of Soy Drink But Not Black Tea Increases the Flavonoid Content of Term Breast Milk: A Pilot Randomized, Controlled Intervention Study. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2017; 70:147-153. [PMID: 28391283 DOI: 10.1159/000471857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed a pilot RCT to prove the hypothesis that a controlled ingestion of polyphenol-rich beverages (soy drink, decaffeinated black tea) in nutritive dosages by nursing women has an effect on the composition (flavonoid concentration, total antioxidant capacity) of breast milk. METHODS Healthy nursing women were supplemented with either 250 mL of a soy drink (12 mg isoflavones; n = 18), 300 mL decaffeinated black tea (67 mg catechins; n = 18), or 300 mL water (n = 8, control) for 6 days. Milk samples were collected before, during, and after intervention. Flavonoid content (isoflavones/catechins, HPLC) and total antioxidant capacity of milk and test drinks in milk specimens were assessed. RESULTS Isoflavone content (genistein and daidzein) in breast milk increased up to 12 nmol/L after soy drink consumption; the major flavonoids constituents of black tea (catechin, epicatechin, and respective conjugates) could not be detected in milk samples. With both interventions, the total antioxidant capacity of breast milk was not affected. CONCLUSIONS Mothers' daily consumption of a soy drink considerably increases isoflavone content of breast milk resulting in an estimated daily exposure of 9.6 nmol isoflavones in a 4-month-old suckling infant. Luminal flavanol uptake from black tea consumed by the nursing mother may be too low to affect flavanol concentrations in breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Jochum
- Department of Neonatology and Paediatric Intensive Care, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
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Camellia sinensis L. Extract and Its Potential Beneficial Effects in Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Hepatotoxic, and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030401. [PMID: 28273866 PMCID: PMC6155403 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the potential benefits of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, and anti-tyrosinase activities of a methanolic extract of fresh tea leaves (FTE) (Camellia sinensis L.). The antioxidant capacity was investigated using three different methods at different temperatures. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied in vitro by the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase assay. The anti-hepatotoxic effect was investigated in CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. The anti-tyrosinase activities of the FTE and its principal phenolic compounds were investigated in l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) oxidation by a mushroom tyrosinase. A molecular docking study was conducted to determine how the FTE’s principal catechins interact with the tyrosinase. The FTE exhibited the best shelf life at low temperatures and demonstrated concentration-dependent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, and anti-tyrosinase effects compared to positive references. Treatment of rats with the FTE at 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days reversed CCl4-induced oxidative damage in hepatic tissues by lowering the levels of alanine aminotransferase by 69% and malondialdehyde by 90%. Our findings suggest that the FTE has the capacity to scavenge free radicals and can protect against oxidative stress induced by CCl4 intoxication. The docking results were consistent with our in vitro data, indicating the anti-tyrosinase potency of the principal catechins.
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Peluso I, Teichner A, Manafikhi H, Palmery M. Camellia sinensis in asymptomatic hyperuricemia: A meta-analysis of tea or tea extract effects on uric acid levels. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:391-398. [PMID: 25849609 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.889653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Flavanols of Camellia sinensis exhibit uric acid (UA) lowering effect, through the modulation of both xanthine oxidase and urate excretion. In order to investigate the potential benefit of Camellia Sinenis products in asymptomatic hyperuricemia, a meta-analysis of long-term Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) with tea or tea extract has been conducted. From 20 human intervention studies selected only 5 RCT (13 interventions) were suitable for meta-analysis (n = 472). The current "normal" range set for hyperuricemia fails to identify patients with potential metabolic disorders. Therefore on the basis of the literature data, we fixed cut-off limits for UA baseline levels of 4.5 mg/dl for women, 6.1 mg/dl for men, and 5.5 mg/dl for studies involving mixed populations. Statistically significant effects were not found, but subgroup analysis revealed that the Pooled Estimate effect was different in subjects with baseline levels under [MD (95% CI): 0.1078 (-0.0528 to 0.2684)] and over the cut-off [MD (95% CI): -0.0239 (0.3311 to 0.2833)]. However, due to the low number of RCT and to the lack of data on bioavailability, it is difficult to draw any firm conclusion and more studies are needed to establish if tea flavanols could be useful in asymptomatic hyperuricemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Peluso
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessia Teichner
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Husseen Manafikhi
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Maura Palmery
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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Peluso I, Palmery M, Vitalone A. Green Tea and Bone Marrow Transplantation: From Antioxidant Activity to Enzymatic and Multidrug-resistance Modulation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:2251-60. [PMID: 26047551 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.826175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main flavonoid of green tea (GT), could play an active role in the prevention of oxidative-stress-related diseases, such as hematologic malignancies. Some effects of EGCG are not imputable to antioxidant activity, but involve modulation of antioxidant enzymes and uric acid (UA) levels. The latter is the major factor responsible of the plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC). However, hyperuricemia is a frequent clinical feature caused by tumor lysis syndrome or cyclosporine side effects, both before and after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Besides this, food-drug interactions could be associated with GT consumption and could have clinical implications. The molecular mechanisms involved in the redox and drug metabolizing/transporting pathways were discussed, with particular reference to the potential role of GT and EGCG in BMT. Moreover, on reviewing data on NEAC, isoprostanes, uric acid, and various enzymes from human studies on GT, its extract, or EGCG, an increase in NEAC, without effect on isoprostanes, and contrasting results on UA and enzymes were observed. Currently, few and contrasting available evidences suggest caution for GT consumption in BMT patients and more studies are needed to better understand the potential impact of EGCG on oxidative stress and metabolizing/transporting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Peluso
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" , "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Maura Palmery
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" , "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Annabella Vitalone
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" , "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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The Peroxidation of Leukocytes Index Ratio Reveals the Prooxidant Effect of Green Tea Extract. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9139731. [PMID: 28101300 PMCID: PMC5217155 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9139731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite tea increased plasma nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity, the European Food Safety Administration (EFSA) denied claims related to tea and its protection from oxidative damage. Furthermore, the Supplement Information Expert Committee (DSI EC) expressed some doubts on the safety of green tea extract (GTE). We performed a pilot study in order to evaluate the effect of a single dose of two capsules of a GTE supplement (200 mg × 2) on the peroxidation of leukocytes index ratio (PLIR) in relation to uric acid (UA) and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), as well as the sample size to reach statistical significance. GTE induced a prooxidant effect on leukocytes, whereas FRAP did not change, in agreement with the EFSA and the DSI EC conclusions. Besides, our results confirm the primary role of UA in the antioxidant defences. The ratio based calculation of the PLIR reduced the sample size to reach statistical significance, compared to the resistance to an exogenous oxidative stress and to the functional capacity of oxidative burst. Therefore, PLIR could be a sensitive marker of redox status.
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Meshitsuka S, Shingaki S, Hotta M, Goto M, Kobayashi M, Ukawa Y, Sagesaka YM, Wada Y, Nojima M, Suzuki K. Phase 2 trial of daily, oral epigallocatechin gallate in patients with light-chain amyloidosis. Int J Hematol 2016; 105:295-308. [PMID: 27815860 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species may cause organ damage in patients with light-chain (AL) amyloidosis; however, this damage can be decreased by antioxidant-agent treatment. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major natural catechin in green tea, has potent antioxidant activity. Because EGCG has recently been reported to have a favorable toxicity profile for treating amyloidosis, we sought to examine the clinical efficacy and toxicity of EGCG in patients with AL amyloidosis. Fifty-seven patients were randomly assigned to the EGCG and observation groups and observed for six months. There were no increases in grade 3-5 adverse events and EGCG therapy was well tolerated. Although a decrease in the urinary albumin level was found in the EGCG group in patients with obvious albuminuria after treatment initiation, its antioxidant activity may not be sufficient to clarify the potential effect of EGCG in patients with AL amyloidosis. Because some of the biological markers responsible for organ damage were well correlated to the level of antioxidant potential in patients' plasma, the status of oxidative stress in the blood may indicate the extent of organ damage in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohsuke Meshitsuka
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan. .,Center for Translational Research, The Institute of Medical Science Hospital, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shiroganedai, Minato, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Sumito Shingaki
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hotta
- Department of Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miku Goto
- Laboratory for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, Niiza, Japan
| | | | - Yuuichi Ukawa
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd, Makinohara, Japan
| | | | - Yasuyo Wada
- Laboratory for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, Niiza, Japan
| | - Masanori Nojima
- Center for Translational Research, The Institute of Medical Science Hospital, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shiroganedai, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenshi Suzuki
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Zokti JA, Sham Baharin B, Mohammed AS, Abas F. Green Tea Leaves Extract: Microencapsulation, Physicochemical and Storage Stability Study. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21080940. [PMID: 27472310 PMCID: PMC6274239 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21080940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea polyphenols have been reported to possess many biological properties. Despite the many potential benefits of green tea extracts, their sensitivity to high temperature, pH and oxygen is a major disadvantage hindering their effective utilization in the food industry. Green tea leaves from the Cameron Highlands Malaysia were extracted using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). To improve the stability, green tea extracts were encapsulated by spray-drying using different carrier materials including maltodextrin (MD), gum arabic (GA) and chitosan (CTS) and their combinations at different ratios. Encapsulation efficiency, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were determined and were found to be in the range of 71.41%–88.04%, 19.32–24.90 (g GAE/100 g), and 29.52%–38.05% respectively. Further analysis of moisture content, water activity, hygroscopicity, bulk density and mean particles size distribution of the microparticles were carried out and the results ranged from; 2.31%–5.11%, 0.28–0.36, 3.22%–4.71%, 0.22–0.28 g/cm3 and 40.43–225.64 µm respectively. The ability of the microparticles to swell in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) was determined as 142.00%–188.63% and 207.55%–231.77%, respectively. Release of catechin polyphenol from microparticles in SIF was higher comparable to that of SGF. Storage stability of encapsulated catechin extracts under different temperature conditions was remarkably improved compared to non-encapsulated extract powder. This study showed that total catechin, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity did not decrease significantly (p ≥ 0.05) under 4 °C storage conditions. The half-life study results were in the range of 35–60, 34–65 and 231–288 weeks at storage temperatures of 40 °C, 25 °C and 4 °C respectively, therefore, for improved shelf-life stability we recommend that microparticles should be stored at temperatures below 25 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Zokti
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra, Malaysia UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Badlishah Sham Baharin
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra, Malaysia UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abdulkarim Sabo Mohammed
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra, Malaysia UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Faridah Abas
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra, Malaysia UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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A 3-day EGCG-supplementation reduces interstitial lactate concentration in skeletal muscle of overweight subjects. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17896. [PMID: 26647963 PMCID: PMC4673403 DOI: 10.1038/srep17896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea, particularly epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), may affect body weight and composition, possibly by enhancing fat oxidation. The aim of this double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study was to investigate whether 3-day supplementation with EGCG (282mg/day) stimulates fat oxidation and lipolysis in 24 overweight subjects (age = 30 ± 2yrs, BMI = 27.7 ± 0.3 kg/m2). Energy expenditure, substrate metabolism and circulating metabolites were determined during fasting and postprandial conditions. After 6 h, a fat biopsy was collected to examine gene expression. In 12 subjects, skeletal muscle glycerol, glucose and lactate concentrations were determined using microdialysis. EGCG-supplementation did not alter energy expenditure and substrate oxidation compared to placebo. Although EGCG reduced postprandial circulating glycerol concentrations (P = 0.015), no difference in skeletal muscle lipolysis was observed. Fasting (P = 0.001) and postprandial (P = 0.003) skeletal muscle lactate concentrations were reduced after EGCG-supplementation compared to placebo, despite similar tissue blood flow. Adipose tissue leptin (P = 0.05) and FAT/CD36 expression (P = 0.08) were increased after EGCG compared to placebo. In conclusion, 3-day EGCG-supplementation decreased postprandial plasma glycerol concentrations, but had no significant effects on skeletal muscle lipolysis and whole-body fat oxidation in overweight individuals. Furthermore, EGCG decreased skeletal muscle lactate concentrations, which suggest a shift towards a more oxidative muscle phenotype.
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Dash RP, Ellendula B, Agarwal M, Nivsarkar M. Increased intestinal P-glycoprotein expression and activity with progression of diabetes and its modulation by epigallocatechin-3-gallate: Evidence from pharmacokinetic studies. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 767:67-76. [PMID: 26460146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in the expression and the activity of intestinal P-glycoprotein (efflux transporter) with progression of diabetes in rats. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats using a combination of low dose streptozotocin along with high fat diet. The expression of intestinal P-glycoprotein significantly increased (P≤0.05) with the progression of diabetes which was inferred from the mRNA analysis of mdr1a and mdr1b genes in the ileum segment of rat intestine. Furthermore, a significant increase (P≤0.05) in Na(+)-K(+) ATPase activity was observed in the ileum segment of rat intestine with the progression of diabetes. As a result of this, a significant decrease in the intestinal uptake and peroral bioavailability of the P-glycoprotein substrates (verapamil and atorvastatin) was observed along with the progression of diabetes as compared to normal animals. To address this problem of impaired drug uptake and bioavailability, a reported P-glycoprotein inhibitor, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, was experimentally evaluated. The treatment with epigallocatechin-3-gallate resulted in significant reduction in the expression and activity of P-glycoprotein and subsequent improvement in the intestinal uptake and peroral bioavailability of both verapamil and atorvastatin in normal as well as in diabetic animals. The findings of this study rationalised the use and established the mechanism of action of epigallocatechin-3-gallate to overcome P-glycoprotein mediated drug efflux and will also be helpful in therapeutic drug monitoring in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Prasad Dash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, S. G. Highway, Thaltej, Ahmedabad 380054, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhanuchander Ellendula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad, C/O-B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, S. G. Highway, Thaltej, Ahmedabad 380054, Gujarat, India
| | - Milee Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, S. G. Highway, Thaltej, Ahmedabad 380054, Gujarat, India
| | - Manish Nivsarkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, S. G. Highway, Thaltej, Ahmedabad 380054, Gujarat, India.
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Pignitter M, Stolze K, Jirsa F, Gille L, Goodman BA, Somoza V. Effect of Copper on Fatty Acid Profiles in Non- and Semifermented Teas Analyzed by LC-MS-Based Nontargeted Screening. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8519-8526. [PMID: 26335726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Unsaturated fatty acids are well-known precursors of aroma compounds, which are considered important for green tea quality. Due to the known copper-induced oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and the broad variability of the amount of copper present in tea infusions, this paper investigates the influence of copper, added at a nontoxic concentration (300 μM) to non- and semifermented teas, on the degradation of fatty acids and fatty acid hydroperoxides thereof. The abundance of fatty acids in green and oolong tea was determined by means of a nontargeted approach applying high-resolution MS/MS. As a result, most of the fatty acids in green and oolong tea were already oxidized prior to copper addition. Addition of 300 μM CuSO4 to the oolong tea sample resulted in a decrease of 13-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid, an important flavor precursor, from 0.12 ± 0.02 to 0.05 ± 0.01 μM (p = 0.035), and other oxidized fatty acids decreased as well. However, copper-induced degradation of oxidized fatty acids was less pronounced in green tea compared to oolong tea, most likely due to the formation of copper complexes with low-molecular-weight compounds as evidenced by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Pignitter
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Stolze
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Jirsa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg , P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 South Africa
| | - Lars Gille
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernard A Goodman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University , 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Nash LA, Ward WE. Tea and bone health: Findings from human studies, potential mechanisms, and identification of knowledge gaps. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:1603-1617. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.1001019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Renaud J, Nabavi SF, Daglia M, Nabavi SM, Martinoli MG. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, a Promising Molecule for Parkinson's Disease? Rejuvenation Res 2015; 18:257-69. [PMID: 25625827 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and it is characterized by the loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine and neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Thus far, current therapeutic strategies have failed to address neuronal degeneration. It has been reported that overproduction of reactive oxygen species, resulting in oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases through the induction of macromolecular oxidative damage and modulation of intracellular signaling pathways concurring to neuronal cell death. Indeed, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs have been the subject of recommendation as a complementary therapy alongside an effective symptomatic treatment to hamper the progression of PD. Today, much attention is paid to polyphenols in light of their potent capacity to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, while having much fewer side effects than most other drugs. Camellia sinensis L. is the most common ancient herbal tea prepared as a beverage worldwide and it possesses numerous beneficial effects on human health. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is the best-known bioactive component of C. sinensis and is recognized to exert potent neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, autophagy, and neuronal cell death in vitro as well as in vivo. The present review appraises the available literature on the beneficial role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate pertaining to dopaminergic degeneration characteristic of PD with particular emphasis on its possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Renaud
- 1 Department of Medical Biology and Research Group in Neuroscience, Université du Québec , Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- 2 Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Daglia
- 3 Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia , Italy
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- 2 Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria-Grazia Martinoli
- 1 Department of Medical Biology and Research Group in Neuroscience, Université du Québec , Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- 4 Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval and CHU Research Center , Québec, Canada
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Vandesmet VCS, Felipe CFB, Kerntopf MR, Rolón M, Vega C, Coronel C, Barbosa AGR, Coutinho HDM, Menezes IRA. The use of herbs against neglected diseases: Evaluation of in vitro leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity of Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 24:1136-1141. [PMID: 28855804 PMCID: PMC5562377 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of the leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the bark of Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart. (EHCSR) was carried out to find an alternative treatment for parasitic diseases. EHCSR was prepared and used at four different concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 125 μg/mL) in in vitro assays for activity against Leishmania promastigotes using the species Leishmania brasiliensis and Leishmania infantum and for trypanocidal activity using the epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. We also tested EHCSR for cytotoxicity against adhered cultured Murine J774 fibroblasts. The tests were performed in triplicate, and the percent mortality of parasites, IC50 and percent toxicity were determined. With regard to anti-leishmania activity against L. infantum, there was a mean mortality of 45% at all concentrations, and against L. brasiliensis, a substantial effect was seen at 1000 μg/mL with 56.38% mortality, where the IC50 values were 1338.76 and 987.35 μg/mL, respectively. Trypanocidal activity was notably high at 1000 μg/mL extract with 82.31% mortality of epimastigotes. Cytotoxicity at the highest extract concentrations of 500 and 1000 μg/mL was respectively 75.12% and 94.14%, with IC50 = 190.24 μg/mL. Despite that the extract has anti-parasitic activity, its substantial cytotoxicity against fibroblasts cells makes its systemic use nonviable as a therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cícero F B Felipe
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa (PB), Brazil
| | - Marta R Kerntopf
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Quimica Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Miriam Rolón
- Centre for the Development of Scientific la Investigación (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni/Laboratorios Diaz Gill, Asuncion, Paraguay
| | - Celeste Vega
- Centre for the Development of Scientific la Investigación (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni/Laboratorios Diaz Gill, Asuncion, Paraguay
| | - Cathia Coronel
- Centre for the Development of Scientific la Investigación (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni/Laboratorios Diaz Gill, Asuncion, Paraguay
| | - Andreza G R Barbosa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Quimica Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil.,Faculdade Leão Sampaio, Juazeiro do Norte (CE), Brazil
| | - Irwin R A Menezes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Quimica Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato (CE), Brazil.,Faculdade Leão Sampaio, Juazeiro do Norte (CE), Brazil
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Wang Y, Duan H, Yang H. A case-control study of stomach cancer in relation to Camellia sinensis in China. Surg Oncol 2015; 24:67-70. [PMID: 25920351 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between green tea (Camellia sinensis) drinking habits and risk of stomach cancer in China. METHOD A 1:2 matched hospital-based case-control study including 160 cases and 320 controls was conducted. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect information on possible risk factors of stomach cancer, and to assess the green tea drinking habit. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULT Our study proposed that green tea was associated with risk of stomach cancer. Regular drinking (OR = 0.72), larger amount of consumption (≥35 g/week) (OR = 0.53) were protective factors. Among regular tea drinkers, lower temperature and longer interval between tea being poured and drunk also reduced the risk. Moreover, a strong agreement was found between temperature at which tea was drunk and tea interval (Correlation coefficient p value = 0.73). CONCLUSION Habits of green tea drinking, including regular drinking, larger amount of consumption, lower temperature and longer interval were strongly associated with a lower risk of stomach cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China.
| | - Hong Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Helen Yang
- Institute of Public Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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38
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Neuroprotective therapeutics from botanicals and phytochemicals against Huntington's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. J Herb Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fangueiro JF, Parra A, Silva AM, Egea MA, Souto EB, Garcia ML, Calpena AC. Validation of a high performance liquid chromatography method for the stabilization of epigallocatechin gallate. Int J Pharm 2014; 475:181-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Koutelidakis AE, Kizis D, Argyri K, Kyriakou A, Komaitis M, Kapsokefalou M. The Effect of Iron and Fat in a Diet Containing Green Tea Extract (Camellia sinensis) on the Antioxidant Capacity of Some Organs and the mRNA Expression of Specific Genes in Mice. J Med Food 2014; 17:1232-8. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonios E. Koutelidakis
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Kizis
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos, Greece
| | - Konstantina Argyri
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos, Greece
| | - Alkistis Kyriakou
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos, Greece
| | - Michael Komaitis
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos, Greece
| | - Maria Kapsokefalou
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos, Greece
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Zeng JL, Li ZH, Wang ZC, Zhang HL. Green tea consumption and risk of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis. Nutrients 2014; 6:4640-50. [PMID: 25353660 PMCID: PMC4245553 DOI: 10.3390/nu6114640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging laboratory and animal studies indicate that green tea inhibits development and progression of pancreatic cancer, but evidence from epidemiologic studies appears inconsistent and inconclusive. A meta-analysis summarizing published case-control and cohort studies was performed to evaluate the association of green tea consumption with risk of pancreatic cancer. Pertinent studies were identified by a search of PubMed and EMBASE up to April 2014. A random-effects model was assigned to compute summary risk estimates. A total of three case-control studies and five prospective studies were included, comprising 2317 incident cases and 288209 subjects. Of them, three studies were from China and the reminders were conducted in Japan. Overall, neither high vs. low green consumption (odds ratio (OR) = 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78–1.25), nor an increase in green tea consumption of two cups/day (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.85–1.06) was associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. The null association persisted when the analysis was stratified by sex or restricted to non-smokers. In the stratification by study location, the summary OR for the studies from China and for those from Japan was 0.77 (95% CI = 0.60–0.99) and 1.21 (95% CI = 0.94–1.54), respectively (P for differences = 0.04). Cumulative epidemiologic evidence suggests that green tea consumption is not associated with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Zengcheng People's Hospital, Boji Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Xingning, 511300, China.
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Zhi-Chao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zengcheng People's Hospital, Boji Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Xingning, 511300, China.
| | - Hai-Liang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zengcheng People's Hospital, Boji Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Xingning, 511300, China.
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Yousaf S, Butt MS, Suleria HAR, Iqbal MJ. The role of green tea extract and powder in mitigating metabolic syndromes with special reference to hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia. Food Funct 2014; 5:545-56. [PMID: 24473227 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60203f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural products are currently gaining popularity to combat various physiological threats. Scientific evidence has been provided that dietary phytochemicals may play important roles as chemo-preventive or chemotherapeutic agents in the prevention of many diseases. Green tea has many biologically active moieties, like flavanols and polyphenols. Catechins are flavanols that constitute the majority of soluble solids of green tea; its major components are epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epicatechin (EC). Among these, EGCG is the predominant component, contributing more than 50% of polyphenols. It has many health related characteristics, like hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, anticancer, antiviral and antihypertensive activities. Ethanolic extracts of green tea was subjected to in vivo modeling. An efficacy trial was carried out on normal, hyperglycemic and hypercholesterolemic rats for 8 weeks. Control, functional and nutraceutical diets were used for each study. Drink and feed intake and body weight increased during the study period. Serum analysis showed that maximum reduction of cholesterol level was noted in hypercholesterolemic rats, up to 15.45%, due to the nutraceutical diet. It was a 21.51% reduction in the case of LDL and 12.92% for triglycerides. The serum glucose level was most reduced in hyperglycemic rats, up to 13.39% as a result of the nutraceutical diet. The functional diet resulted in a bit less reduction in the respective traits compared to the nutraceutical diet. Hematological analysis revealed that administration of green tea did not adversely affect the red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet count of the rats. The current research work enables us to conclude that green tea is effective against hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yousaf
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Clarke KA, Dew TP, Watson REB, Farrar MD, Bennett S, Nicolaou A, Rhodes LE, Williamson G. High performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry dual extraction method for identification of green tea catechin metabolites excreted in human urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 972:29-37. [PMID: 25306116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous analysis of free-form and conjugated flavonoids in the same sample is difficult but necessary to properly estimate their bioavailability. A method was developed to optimise the extraction of both free and conjugated forms of catechins and metabolites in a biological sample following the consumption of green tea. A double-blind randomised controlled trial was performed in which 26 volunteers consumed daily green tea and vitamin C supplements and 24 consumed a placebo for 3 months. Urine was collected for 24h at 4 separate time points (pre- and post-consumption) to confirm compliance to the supplementation and to distinguish between placebo and supplementation consumption. The urine was assessed for both free and conjugated metabolites of green tea using LC-MS(2) analysis, after a combination extraction method, which involved an ethyl acetate extraction followed by an acetonitrile protein precipitation. The combination method resulted in a good recovery of EC-O-sulphate (91±7%), EGC-O-glucuronide (94±6%), EC (95±6%), EGC (111±5%) and ethyl gallate (74±3%). A potential total of 55 catechin metabolites were investigated, and of these, 26 conjugated (with methyl, glucuronide or sulphate groups) and 3 free-form (unconjugated) compounds were identified in urine following green tea consumption. The majority of EC and EGC conjugates significantly increased post-consumption of green tea in comparison to baseline (pre-supplementation) samples. The conjugated metabolites associated with the highest peak areas were O-methyl-EC-O-sulphate and the valerolactones M6/M6'-O-sulphate. In line with previous studies, EC and EGC were only identified as conjugated derivatives, and EGCG and ECG were not found as mono-conjugated or free-forms. In summary, the method reported here provides a good recovery of catechin compounds and is appropriate for use in the assessment of flavonoid bioavailability, particularly for biological tissues that may contain endogenous deconjugating enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh A Clarke
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Tristan P Dew
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Rachel E B Watson
- Photobiology Unit, Dermatology Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Hospital, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
| | - Mark D Farrar
- Photobiology Unit, Dermatology Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Hospital, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
| | - Susan Bennett
- Photobiology Unit, Dermatology Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Hospital, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- School of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Lesley E Rhodes
- Photobiology Unit, Dermatology Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Hospital, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Fangueiro JF, Andreani T, Fernandes L, Garcia ML, Egea MA, Silva AM, Souto EB. Physicochemical characterization of epigallocatechin gallate lipid nanoparticles (EGCG-LNs) for ocular instillation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:452-60. [PMID: 25303852 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in lipid nanoparticles (LNs) could be a suitable approach to avoid drug oxidation and epimerization, which are common processes that lead to low bioavailability of the drug limiting its therapeutic efficacy. The human health benefits of EGCG gained much interest in the pharmaceutical field, and so far there are no studies reporting its encapsulation in LNs. The purpose of this study has been the development of an innovative system for the ocular delivery of EGCG using LNs as carrier for the future treatment of several diseases, such as dry eye, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and macular oedema. LNs dispersions have been produced by multiple emulsion technique and previously optimized by a factorial design. In order to increase ocular retention time and mucoadhesion by electrostatic attraction, two distinct cationic lipids were used, namely, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDAB). EGCG has been successfully loaded in the LNs dispersions and the nanoparticles analysis over 30 days of storage time predicted a good physicochemical stability. The particles were found to be in the nanometer range (<300 nm) and all the evaluated parameters, namely pH, osmolarity and viscosity, were compatible to the ocular administration. The evaluation of the cationic lipid used was compared regarding physical and chemical parameters, lipid crystallization and polymorphism, and stability of dispersion during storage. The results show that different lipids lead to different characteristics mainly associated with the acyl chain composition, i.e. double lipid shows to have influence in the crystallization and stability. Despite the recorded differences between DTAB and DDAB, both cationic LNs seem to fit the parameters for ocular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana F Fangueiro
- CEBIMED, Research Centre for Biomedicine, Fernando Pessoa University, UFP-FCS, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, P-4249-004 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, UFP-FCS, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Andreani
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, UFP-FCS, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal; Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lisete Fernandes
- Electron Microscopy Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria L Garcia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria A Egea
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eliana B Souto
- CEBIMED, Research Centre for Biomedicine, Fernando Pessoa University, UFP-FCS, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, P-4249-004 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra (FFUC), Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Bioavailability, bioactivity and impact on health of dietary flavonoids and related compounds: an update. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1803-53. [PMID: 25182418 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial interest in the role of plant secondary metabolites as protective dietary agents. In particular, the involvement of flavonoids and related compounds has become a major topic in human nutrition research. Evidence from epidemiological and human intervention studies is emerging regarding the protective effects of various (poly)phenol-rich foods against several chronic diseases, including neurodegeneration, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, the use of HPLC-MS for the analysis of flavonoids and related compounds in foods and biological samples has significantly enhanced our understanding of (poly)phenol bioavailability. These advancements have also led to improvements in the available food composition and metabolomic databases, and consequently in the development of biomarkers of (poly)phenol intake to use in epidemiological studies. Efforts to create adequate standardised materials and well-matched controls to use in randomised controlled trials have also improved the quality of the available data. In vitro investigations using physiologically achievable concentrations of (poly)phenol metabolites and catabolites with appropriate model test systems have provided new and interesting insights on potential mechanisms of actions. This article will summarise recent findings on the bioavailability and biological activity of (poly)phenols, focusing on the epidemiological and clinical evidence of beneficial effects of flavonoids and related compounds on urinary tract infections, cognitive function and age-related cognitive decline, cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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47
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A RXR ligand 6-OH-11-O-hydroxyphenanthrene with antitumour properties enhances (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate activity in three human breast carcinoma cell lines. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:853086. [PMID: 25013807 PMCID: PMC4072039 DOI: 10.1155/2014/853086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
(−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and chemotherapeutic agents cotreatment can improve cytotoxicity against cancer cells. We showed that EGCG and the rexinoid 6-OH-11-O-hydroxyphenanthrene (IIF), given together, were cytotoxic toward MCF-7, MCF-7TAM, and MDA-MB-231, three breast carcinoma cell lines showing different molecular characteristics. Cell growth arrest and apoptosis were greater after EGCG and IIF cotreatment than after individual administration. Cytotoxicity was related to upregulation of 67-kDa laminin receptor (LR67), one of the principal molecular targets of EGCG, and activation of the nuclear retinoic X receptors (RXRs) pathway. Furthermore, the transcription factor Forkhead box O3 (Foxo3a), a protein able to trigger apoptosis through upregulation of genes necessary for cell death, was activated. EGCG and IIF cotreatment produced a significant nuclear import of Foxo3a from the cytoplasm in MCF-7, MCF-7TAM, and MDA-MB-231 cells. In MCF-7TAM cells only, Foxo3a nuclear localization was associated with p473AKT downregulation. For the first time we showed that when EGCG and IIF, two harmless molecules, were given together, they might increase cytotoxicity in three breast carcinoma cell lines, two of them being representative of poorly responsive breast carcinoma types.
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Liang J, Li F, Fang Y, Yang W, An X, Zhao L, Xin Z, Cao L, Hu Q. Cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects of tea polyphenol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on human hepatoma HepG2 cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 36:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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George VC, Kumar DRN, Suresh PK, Kumar RA. Antioxidant, DNA protective efficacy and HPLC analysis of Annona muricata (soursop) extracts. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 52:2328-35. [PMID: 25829616 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Annona muricata is a naturally occurring edible plant with wide array of therapeutic potentials. In India, it has a long history of traditional use in treating various ailments. The present investigation was carried out to characterize the phytochemicals present in the methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of A. muricata, followed by validation of its radical scavenging and DNA protection activities. The extracts were also analyzed for its total phenolic contents and subjected to HPLC analysis to determine its active metabolites. The radical scavenging activities were premeditated by various complementary assays (DRSA, FRAP and HRSA). Further, its DNA protection efficacy against H2O2 induced toxicity was evaluated using pBR322 plasmid DNA. The results revealed that the extracts were highly rich in various phytochemicals including luteolin, homoorientin, tangeretin, quercetin, daidzein, epicatechin gallate, emodin and coumaric acid. Both the extracts showed significant (p < 0.05) radical scavenging activities, while methanolic extract demonstrated improved protection against H2O2-induced DNA damage when compared to aqueous extract. A strong positive correlation was observed for the estimated total phenolic contents and radical scavenging potentials of the extracts. Further HPLC analysis of the phyto-constituents of the extracts provides a sound scientific basis for compound isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cijo George
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - D R Naveen Kumar
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - P K Suresh
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - R Ashok Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Government Arts College, Dharmapuri, 636705 Tamil Nadu India
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Luo KW, Ko CH, Yue GGL, Lee JKM, Li KK, Lee M, Li G, Fung KP, Leung PC, Lau CBS. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract inhibits both the metastasis and osteolytic components of mammary cancer 4T1 lesions in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 25:395-403. [PMID: 24561153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Green tea (Camellia sinensis, CS), a kind of Chinese tea commonly consumed as a healthy beverage, has been demonstrated to have various biological activities, including antioxidation, antiobesity and anticancer. Our study aims to investigate the antitumor, antimetastasis and antiosteolytic effects of CS aqueous extract both in vitro and in vivo using metastasis-specific mouse mammary carcinoma 4T1 cells. Our results showed that treatment of 4T1 cells with CS aqueous extract resulted in significant inhibition of 4T1 cell proliferation. CS extract induced 4T1 apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner as assessed by annexin-V and propidium iodide staining and caspase-3 activity. Western blot analysis showed that CS increased the expression of Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio and activated caspase-8 and caspase-3 to induce apoptosis. CS also inhibited 4T1 cell migration and invasion at 0.06-0.125 mg/ml. In addition, CS extract (0.6 g/kg, orally fed daily for 4 weeks) was effective in decreasing the tumor weight by 34.8% in female BALB/c mice against water treatment control (100%). Apart from the antitumor effect, CS extract significantly decreased lung and liver metastasis in BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 tumors by 54.5% and 72.6%, respectively. Furthermore, micro-computed tomography and in vitro osteoclast staining analysis suggested that CS extract was effective in bone protection against breast cancer-induced bone destruction. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the CS aqueous extract, which closely mimics green tea beverage, has potent antitumor and antimetastasis effects in breast cancer and could protect the bone from breast cancer-induced bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wang Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Grace Gar-Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Julia Kin-Ming Lee
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kai-Kai Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Michelle Lee
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Pui Fung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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