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Wang F, Zheng J, Cheng J, Zou H, Li M, Deng B, Luo R, Wang F, Huang D, Li G, Zhang R, Ding X, Li Y, Du J, Yang Y, Kan J. Personalized nutrition: A review of genotype-based nutritional supplementation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:992986. [PMID: 36159456 PMCID: PMC9500586 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.992986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional disorders have become a major public health issue, requiring increased targeted approaches. Personalized nutrition adapted to individual needs has garnered dramatic attention as an effective way to improve nutritional balance and maintain health. With the rapidly evolving fields of genomics and nutrigenetics, accumulation of genetic variants has been indicated to alter the effects of nutritional supplementation, suggesting its indispensable role in the genotype-based personalized nutrition. Additionally, the metabolism of nutrients, such as lipids, especially omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, glucose, vitamin A, folic acid, vitamin D, iron, and calcium could be effectively improved with related genetic variants. This review focuses on existing literatures linking critical genetic variants to the nutrient and the ways in which these variants influence the outcomes of certain nutritional supplementations. Although further studies are required in this direction, such evidence provides valuable insights for the guidance of appropriate interventions using genetic information, thus paving the way for the smooth transition of conventional generic approach to genotype-based personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Junrui Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Hong Zou
- Sequanta Technologies Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Bin Deng
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Gang Li
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Rao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Ding
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Sequanta Technologies Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
- Jun Du
| | - Yuexin Yang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, China
- Yuexin Yang
| | - Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Juntao Kan
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Assessment of dietary carotenoid intake and biologic measurement of exposure in humans. Methods Enzymol 2022; 674:255-295. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Meeta M, Sharma S, Unni J, Khandelwal S, Choranur A, Malik S. Cardiovascular and osteoporosis protection at menopause with lycopene: A placebo-controlled double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Midlife Health 2022; 13:50-56. [PMID: 35707307 PMCID: PMC9190964 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_61_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Metabolism of Carotenoids in Mammals. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33783731 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-7360-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Pathways for xanthophyll metabolism have been proposed on the basis of several oxidation products of dietary xanthophylls detected in the tissues of fish, birds, and human subjects. No enzyme reaction had been characterized as responsible for the pathways until a mouse liver homogenate was found to oxidize the 3-hydroxy β-end of xanthophylls to a 3-oxo ε-end in the presence of a cofactor, NAD+. This oxidation consists of dehydrogenation to an unstable intermediate having a 3-oxo β-end group and the subsequent migration of a double bond. β,ε-Caroten-3'-one, a metabolite of β-cryptoxanthin, was found in human plasma, indicating that the same oxidative activity as that found in the mouse liver works in human tissues.The oxidative cleavage of carotenoids is mediated by two dioxygenases: a central cleavage enzyme and an asymmetric cleavage enzyme. In mice, the latter enzyme was suggested to eliminate carotenoids in tissues, while in humans, this enzyme is inactivated, resulting in carotenoid accumulation. In this chapter, carotenoid metabolism in mammals is described in terms of the oxidation of functional groups and cleavage of the carbon skeleton.
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Crowe-White KM, Voruganti VS, Talevi V, Dudenbostel T, Nagabooshanam VA, Locher JL, Ellis AC. Variation of Serum Lycopene in Response to 100% Watermelon Juice: An Exploratory Analysis of Genetic Variants in a Randomized Controlled Crossover Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa102. [PMID: 32695957 PMCID: PMC7363307 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Watermelon, a rich source of lycopene, has garnered attention for cardioprotective effects including cholesterol reduction and promotion of redox balance. It is unknown whether 100% watermelon juice may represent a food-first approach to confer cardioprotective benefits of lycopene. OBJECTIVES This study examined influences of 100% watermelon juice on serum lycopene, lipids, and antioxidant capacity. Secondly, the study explored genetic influences on lycopene metabolism and bioavailability. METHODS A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial with postmenopausal women (n = 16, mean ± SD age: 60 ± 4.1 y) assessed effects of 100% watermelon juice on mechanistic and clinical outcomes influencing vascular function. Participants maintained low-lycopene diets for a 1-wk run-in period and throughout the study. Morning and evening consumption of 100% watermelon juice provided a daily dose of 14.4 ± 0.34 mg lycopene. Study arms of 4 wk were separated by a 2-wk washout period. Saliva was collected for genetic analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms, and fasting blood samples were taken pre- and post-study arms. Statistical analyses included mixed models, linear regression, and nonparametric tests. RESULTS Serum lycopene exhibited a significant treatment effect (P = 0.002) along with notable interindividual responses; however, significant improvements in serum lipids or antioxidant capacity were not observed. Genetic variant rs6564851 in the β-carotene 15,15'-oxygenase-1 (BCO1) gene was associated with changes in lycopene such that TT homozygotes exhibited a significantly greater increase (β ± SE: 13.4 ± 1.6, P = 1.4 × 10-06). CONCLUSIONS Watermelon juice supplementation did not result in improvements in serum lipids or antioxidant capacity; however, results support findings in which watermelon juice significantly, yet differentially, increased circulating lycopene. Genetics appears to explain some of the variability. Given that dose has been shown to overcome individual responsiveness to lycopene interventions, future investigations with varying doses of lycopene-rich foods would be strengthened by genotyping so as to establish personalized nutrition recommendations.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03626168.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Venkata S Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Valentina Talevi
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Tanja Dudenbostel
- Cardiovascular Disease, Vascular Biology & Hypertension, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vinoth A Nagabooshanam
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julie L Locher
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amy C Ellis
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Nikolic M, Konic Ristic A, González-Sarrías A, Istas G, Urpi-Sarda M, Dall'Asta M, Monfoulet LE, Cloetens L, Bayram B, Tumolo MR, Chervenkov M, Scoditti E, Massaro M, Tejera N, Abadjieva D, Chambers K, Krga I, Tomás-Barberán FA, Morand C, Feliciano R, García-Villalba R, Garcia-Aloy M, Mena P. Improving the reporting quality of intervention trials addressing the inter-individual variability in response to the consumption of plant bioactives: quality index and recommendations. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:49-64. [PMID: 31492976 PMCID: PMC6851030 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The quality of the study design and data reporting in human trials dealing with the inter-individual variability in response to the consumption of plant bioactives is, in general, low. There is a lack of recommendations supporting the scientific community on this topic. This study aimed at developing a quality index to assist the assessment of the reporting quality of intervention trials addressing the inter-individual variability in response to plant bioactive consumption. Recommendations for better designing and reporting studies were discussed. METHODS The selection of the parameters used for the development of the quality index was carried out in agreement with the scientific community through a survey. Parameters were defined, grouped into categories, and scored for different quality levels. The applicability of the scoring system was tested in terms of consistency and effort, and its validity was assessed by comparison with a simultaneous evaluation by experts' criteria. RESULTS The "POSITIVe quality index" included 11 reporting criteria grouped into four categories (Statistics, Reporting, Data presentation, and Individual data availability). It was supported by detailed definitions and guidance for their scoring. The quality index score was tested, and the index demonstrated to be valid, reliable, and responsive. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of the reporting quality of studies addressing inter-individual variability in response to plant bioactives highlighted the aspects requiring major improvements. Specific tools and recommendations favoring a complete and transparent reporting on inter-individual variability have been provided to support the scientific community on this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nikolic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Konic Ristic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Geoffrey Istas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mireia Urpi-Sarda
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma De Gramenet, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margherita Dall'Asta
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Laurent-Emmanuel Monfoulet
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Banu Bayram
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maria Rosaria Tumolo
- Research Unit of Brindisi, Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, National Research Council, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Mihail Chervenkov
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Marika Massaro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Noemi Tejera
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Desislava Abadjieva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Karen Chambers
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Irena Krga
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Christine Morand
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rodrigo Feliciano
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma De Gramenet, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy.
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Abstract
AbstractPersonalised nutrition is at its simplest form the delivery of dietary advice at an individual level. Incorporating response to different diets has resulted in the concept of precision nutrition. Harnessing the metabolic phenotype to identify subgroups of individuals that respond differentially to dietary interventions is becoming a reality. More specifically, the classification of individuals in subgroups according to their metabolic profile is defined as metabotyping and this approach has been employed to successfully identify differential response to dietary interventions. Furthermore, the approach has been expanded to develop a framework for the delivery of targeted nutrition. The present review examines the application of the metabotype approach in nutrition research with a focus on developing personalised nutrition. Application of metabotyping in longitudinal studies demonstrates that metabotypes can be associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and diet-related diseases while application in interventions can identify metabotypes with differential responses. In general, there is strong evidence that metabolic phenotyping is a promising strategy to identify groups at risk and to potentially improve health promotion at a population level. Future work should verify if targeted nutrition can change behaviours and have an impact on health outcomes.
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Borel P, Desmarchelier C. Bioavailability of Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Phytochemicals in Humans: Effects of Genetic Variation. Annu Rev Nutr 2019; 38:69-96. [PMID: 30130464 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082117-051628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent data have shown that interindividual variability in the bioavailability of vitamins A (β-carotene), D, and E, and carotenoids (lutein and lycopene), as well as that of phytosterols, is modulated by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The identified SNPs are in or near genes involved in intestinal uptake or efflux of these compounds, as well as in genes involved in their metabolism and transport. The phenotypic effect of each SNP is usually low, but combinations of SNPs can explain a significant part of the variability. Nevertheless, results from these studies should be considered preliminary since they have not been validated in other cohorts. Guidelines for future studies are provided to ensure that sound associations are elucidated that can be used to build consolidated genetic scores that may allow recommended dietary allowances to be tailored to individuals or groups by taking into account the multiloci genotypic signature of people of different ethnic origin or even of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Borel
- C2VN, INRA, INSERM, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; ,
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Modifying effect of metabotype on diet-diabetes associations. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1357-1369. [PMID: 31089867 PMCID: PMC7230059 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01988-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Inter-individual metabolic differences may be a reason for previously inconsistent results in diet–diabetes associations. We aimed to investigate associations between dietary intake and diabetes for metabolically homogeneous subgroups (‘metabotypes’) in a large cross-sectional study. Methods We used data of 1517 adults aged 38–87 years from the German population-based KORA FF4 study (2013/2014). Dietary intake was estimated based on the combination of a food frequency questionnaire and multiple 24-h food lists. Glucose tolerance status was classified based on an oral glucose tolerance test in participants without a previous diabetes diagnosis using American Diabetes Association criteria. Logistic regression was applied to examine the associations between dietary intake and diabetes for two distinct metabotypes, which were identified based on 16 biochemical and anthropometric parameters. Results A low intake of fruits and a high intake of total meat, processed meat and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) were significantly associated with diabetes in the total study population. Stratified by metabotype, associations with diabetes remained significant for intake of total meat (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.04–2.67) and processed meat (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.24–4.04) in the metabotypes with rather favorable metabolic characteristics, and for intake of fruits (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.68–0.99) and SSB (OR:1.21, 95% CI 1.09–1.35) in the more unfavorable metabotype. However, only the association between SSB intake and diabetes differed significantly by metabotype (p value for interaction = 0.01). Conclusions Our findings suggest an influence of metabolic characteristics on diet–diabetes associations, which may help to explain inconsistent previous results. The causality of the observed associations needs to be confirmed in prospective and intervention studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-019-01988-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Tebani A, Bekri S. Paving the Way to Precision Nutrition Through Metabolomics. Front Nutr 2019; 6:41. [PMID: 31024923 PMCID: PMC6465639 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is an interdisciplinary science that studies the interactions of nutrients with the body in relation to maintenance of health and well-being. Nutrition is highly complex due to the underlying various internal and external factors that could model it. Thus, hacking this complexity requires more holistic and network-based strategies that could unveil these dynamic system interactions at both time and space scales. The ongoing omics era with its high-throughput molecular data generation is paving the way to embrace this complexity and is deeply reshaping the whole field of nutrition. Understanding the future paths of nutrition science is of importance from both translational and clinical perspectives. Basic nutrients which might include metabolites are important in nutrition science. Moreover, metabolites are key biological communication channels and represent an appealing functional readout at the interface of different major influential factors that define health and disease. Metabolomics is the technology that enables holistic and systematic analyses of metabolites in a biological system. Hence, given its intrinsic functionality, its tight connection to metabolism and its high clinical actionability potential, metabolomics is a very appealing technology for nutrition science. The ultimate goal is to deliver a tailored and clinically relevant nutritional recommendations and interventions to achieve precision nutrition. This work intends to present an update on the applications of metabolomics to personalize nutrition in translational and clinical settings. It also discusses the current conceptual shifts that are remodeling clinical nutrition practices in this Precision Medicine era. Finally, perspectives of clinical nutrition in the ever-growing, data-driven healthcare landscape are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Tebani
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Soumeya Bekri
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, INSERM U1245, Rouen, France
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González-Peña D, Brennan L. Recent Advances in the Application of Metabolomics for Nutrition and Health. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2019; 10:479-519. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is the study of small molecules called metabolites in biological samples. Application of metabolomics to nutrition research has expanded in recent years, with emerging literature supporting multiple applications. Key examples include applications of metabolomics in the identification and development of objective biomarkers of dietary intake, in developing personalized nutrition strategies, and in large-scale epidemiology studies to understand the link between diet and health. In this review, we provide an overview of the current applications and identify key challenges that need to be addressed for the further development of the field. Successful development of metabolomics for nutrition research has the potential to improve dietary assessment, help deliver personalized nutrition, and enhance our understanding of the link between diet and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana González-Peña
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland;,
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland;,
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12
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Moran NE, Thomas-Ahner JM, Fleming JL, McElroy JP, Mehl R, Grainger EM, Riedl KM, Toland AE, Schwartz SJ, Clinton SK. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in β-Carotene Oxygenase 1 are Associated with Plasma Lycopene Responses to a Tomato-Soy Juice Intervention in Men with Prostate Cancer. J Nutr 2019; 149:381-397. [PMID: 30801647 PMCID: PMC6398392 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human plasma and tissue lycopene concentrations are heterogeneous even when consuming controlled amounts of tomato or lycopene. OBJECTIVES Our objective is to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or near known or putative carotenoid metabolism genes [β-carotene 15,15' monooxygenase 1 (BCO1), scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SCARB1), ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), apolipoprotein B-48, elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 2 (ELOVL2), and ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1), and an intergenic superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial-associated SNP] are predictive of plasma lycopene responses to steady state tomato juice consumption. METHODS Secondary linear regression analyses of data from a dose-escalation study of prostate cancer patients [n = 47; mean ± SEM age: 60 ± 1 y; BMI (in kg/m2): 32 ± 1] consuming 0, 1, or 2 cans of tomato-soy juice/d (163 mL/can; 20.6 mg lycopene 1.2 mg β-carotene/can) for 24 ± 0.7 d before prostatectomy were conducted to explore 11 SNP genotype effects on the change in plasma lycopene and plasma and prostate tissue concentrations of lycopene, β-carotene, phytoene, and phytofluene. RESULTS Two BCO1 SNP genotypes were significant predictors of the change in plasma lycopene, with SNP effects differing in magnitude and direction, depending on the level of juice intake (rs12934922 × diet group P = 0.02; rs6564851 × diet group P = 0.046). Further analyses suggested that plasma β-carotene changes were predicted by BCO1 rs12934922 (P < 0.01), prostate lycopene by trending interaction and main effects of BCO1 SNPs (rs12934922 × diet group P = 0.09; rs12934922 P = 0.02; rs6564851 P = 0.053), and prostate β-carotene by BCO1 SNP interaction and main effects (rs12934922 × diet group P = 0.01; rs12934922 P < 0.01; rs7501331 P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, SNPs in BCO1 and other genes may modulate human plasma and prostate tissue responses to dietary lycopene intake and warrant validation in larger, human controlled feeding intervention and cohort studies. Genetic variants related to carotenoid metabolism may partially explain heterogeneous human blood and tissue responses and may be critical covariates for population studies and clinical trials. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01009736.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Moran
- Comprehensive Cancer Center,USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Joseph P McElroy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center,Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine
| | | | | | - Ken M Riedl
- Comprehensive Cancer Center,College of Food, Agriculture, and Environmental Sciences, Department of Food Science and Technology
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine
| | - Steven J Schwartz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center,College of Food, Agriculture, and Environmental Sciences, Department of Food Science and Technology
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Comprehensive Cancer Center,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH,Address correspondence to SKC (e-mail: )
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Desmarchelier C, Landrier JF, Borel P. Genetic factors involved in the bioavailability of tomato carotenoids. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2018; 21:489-497. [PMID: 30277929 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an update on the genetic factors recently associated with the interindividual variability of tomato carotenoid bioavailability. RECENT FINDINGS Several clinical studies have demonstrated that the main carotenoids found in tomatoes (lycopene, phytoene, phytofluene, β-carotene, lutein) all display relatively large interindividual variabilities of their bioavailability, with coefficients of variations more than 70%. The bioavailability of the parent molecules, and the blood/tissue appearance of their metabolites, is modulated by numerous proteins, involved in intestinal absorption and metabolism, blood lipoprotein transport or tissue uptake. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with the interindividual variability of lycopene, lutein and β-carotene bioavailability, with six genes consistently shared between the three carotenoids, and in particular one SNP in ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2. The effects of the genetic variants taken separately are relatively low, that is each variant is usually associated with only a few percentage of the variability but multivariate analyses suggest that the additive effect of several genetic variants can explain a significant fraction of tomato carotenoid bioavailability. SUMMARY Additional studies are needed to improve our knowledge of the genetic determinants of tomato carotenoid bioavailability but progress in this field could one day allow nutritionists to provide more personalized dietary recommendations.
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Mondloch SJ, Tanumihardjo SA, Davis CR, van Jaarsveld PJ. Hepatic Vitamin A Concentrations in Vervets ( Chlorocebus aethiops) Supplemented with Carotenoids Derived from Oil Palm. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2018; 57:456-464. [PMID: 30021671 PMCID: PMC6159682 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-17-000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Commonly used in biomedical research, vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops) are omnivorous but primarily meet their vitamin A requirements from provitamin A carotenoids. Hypervitaminosis A has occurred in vervets that consume feed high in preformed vitamin A. We investigated the vitamin A status of vervets supplemented daily with various antioxidants derived from palm oil. Male vervets (n = 40) were placed for 23 wk on a high-fat diet (34.9% energy) containing 645 μ g retinol activity equivalents (RAE), with 515 μ g RAE from preformed vitamin A. Vervets were randomized to 5 treatments (duration, 20 mo): control; 100 mg d-α-tocopheryl acetate; 100 mg oil palm (Elaeis guineensis)-derived vitamin E; 50 mg oil palm-derived vitamin E + 50 mg carotenoid complex + unrestricted palm-derived water-soluble antioxidants; and 5) unrestricted water-soluble antioxidants. Livers (n = 38) were analyzed for vitamin A, α-retinol (α-vitamin A), and carotenoids. Median hepatic vitamin A and total carotenoid concentrations were 6.49 μ mol/g and 4.30 nmol/g, respectively. Compared with controls, vervets fed the carotenoid complex had higher hepatic vitamin A (11.9 ± 5.1 μ mol/g), α -vitamin A (1.3 ± 0.7 μ mol/g), α -carotene (11.5 ± 5.3 nmol/g), β-carotene (15.6 ± 8.6 nmol/g), and total carotenoids (28.1 ± 13.9 nmol/g) but lower lutein (0.66 ± 0.28 nmol/g) and zeaxanthin (0.24 ± 0.06 nmol). NHP may benefit from replacement of preformed vitamin A with carotenoids in feeds; however, bioconversion efficiency in these models should be investigated to determine optimal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Mondloch
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin;,
| | - Christopher R Davis
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Paul J van Jaarsveld
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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15
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Riedl A, Wawro N, Gieger C, Meisinger C, Peters A, Roden M, Kronenberg F, Herder C, Rathmann W, Völzke H, Reincke M, Koenig W, Wallaschofski H, Hauner H, Daniel H, Linseisen J. Identification of Comprehensive Metabotypes Associated with Cardiometabolic Diseases in the Population-Based KORA Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800117. [PMID: 29939495 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE "Metabotyping" describes the grouping of metabolically similar individuals. We aimed to identify valid metabotypes in a large cohort for targeted dietary intervention, for example, for disease prevention. METHODS AND RESULTS We grouped 1729 adults aged 32-77 years of the German population-based KORA F4 study (2006-2008) using k-means cluster analysis based on 34 biochemical and anthropometric parameters. We identified three metabolically distinct clusters showing significantly different biochemical parameter concentrations. Cardiometabolic disease status was determined at baseline in the F4 study and at the 7 year follow-up termed FF4 (2013/2014) to compare disease prevalence and incidence between clusters. Cluster 3 showed the most unfavorable marker profile with the highest prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases. Also, disease incidence was higher in cluster 3 compared to clusters 2 and 1, respectively, for hypertension (41.2%/25.3%/18.2%), type 2 diabetes (28.3%/5.1%/2.0%), hyperuricemia/gout (10.8%/2.3%/0.7%), dyslipidemia (19.2%/18.3%/5.6%), all metabolic (54.5%/36.8%/19.7%), and all cardiovascular (6.3%/5.5%/2.3%) diseases together. CONCLUSION Cluster analysis based on an extensive set of biochemical and anthropometric parameters allows the identification of comprehensive metabotypes that were distinctly different in cardiometabolic disease occurrence. As a next step, targeted dietary strategies should be developed with the goal of preventing diseases, especially in cluster 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Riedl
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, at UNIKA-T (Universitäres Zentrum für Gesundheitswissenschaften am Klinikum Augsburg), Neusässer Str. 47, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Nina Wawro
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, at UNIKA-T (Universitäres Zentrum für Gesundheitswissenschaften am Klinikum Augsburg), Neusässer Str. 47, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, at UNIKA-T (Universitäres Zentrum für Gesundheitswissenschaften am Klinikum Augsburg), Neusässer Str. 47, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,DZHK - German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Pettenkoferstr. 8a & 9, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- DZHK - German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Pettenkoferstr. 8a & 9, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636, Munich, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Henri Wallaschofski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Centre for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.,ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354, Freising, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Uptown München Campus D, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992, Munich, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, at UNIKA-T (Universitäres Zentrum für Gesundheitswissenschaften am Klinikum Augsburg), Neusässer Str. 47, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.,ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
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16
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Toti E, Chen CYO, Palmery M, Villaño Valencia D, Peluso I. Non-Provitamin A and Provitamin A Carotenoids as Immunomodulators: Recommended Dietary Allowance, Therapeutic Index, or Personalized Nutrition? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4637861. [PMID: 29861829 PMCID: PMC5971251 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4637861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vegetables and fruits contain non-provitamin A (lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin) and provitamin A (β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and α-carotene) carotenoids. Within these compounds, β-carotene has been extensively studied for its health benefits, but its supplementation at doses higher than recommended intakes induces adverse effects. β-Carotene is converted to retinoic acid (RA), a well-known immunomodulatory molecule. Human interventions suggest that β-carotene and lycopene at pharmacological doses affect immune functions after a depletion period of low carotenoid diet. However, these effects appear unrelated to carotenoids and retinol levels in plasma. Local production of RA in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, as well as the dependency of RA-induced effects on local inflammation, suggests that personalized nutrition/supplementation should be considered in the future. On the other hand, the differential effect of RA and lycopene on transforming growth factor-beta suggests that lycopene supplementation could improve immune functions without increasing risk for cancers. However, such preclinical evidence must be confirmed in human interventions before any recommendations can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Toti
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), Rome, Italy
| | - C.-Y. Oliver Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maura Palmery
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, “V. Erspamer”, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Peluso
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), Rome, Italy
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17
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Abstract
AbstractMetabolic diversity leads to differences in nutrient requirements and responses to diet and medication between individuals. Using the concept of metabotyping – that is, grouping metabolically similar individuals – tailored and more efficient recommendations may be achieved. The aim of this study was to review the current literature on metabotyping and to explore its potential for better targeted dietary intervention in subjects with and without metabolic diseases. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Google and Google Scholar to find relevant articles on metabotyping in humans including healthy individuals, population-based samples and patients with chronic metabolic diseases. A total of thirty-four research articles on human studies were identified, which established more homogeneous subgroups of individuals using statistical methods for analysing metabolic data. Differences between studies were found with respect to the samples/populations studied, the clustering variables used, the statistical methods applied and the metabotypes defined. According to the number and type of the selected clustering variables, the definitions of metabotypes differed substantially; they ranged between general fasting metabotypes, more specific fasting parameter subgroups like plasma lipoprotein or fatty acid clusters and response groups to defined meal challenges or dietary interventions. This demonstrates that the term ‘metabotype’ has a subjective usage, calling for a formalised definition. In conclusion, this literature review shows that metabotyping can help identify subgroups of individuals responding differently to defined nutritional interventions. Targeted recommendations may be given at such metabotype group levels. Future studies should develop and validate definitions of generally valid metabotypes by exploiting the increasingly available metabolomics data sets.
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18
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Manach C, Milenkovic D, Van de Wiele T, Rodriguez‐Mateos A, de Roos B, Garcia‐Conesa MT, Landberg R, Gibney ER, Heinonen M, Tomás‐Barberán F, Morand C. Addressing the inter-individual variation in response to consumption of plant food bioactives: Towards a better understanding of their role in healthy aging and cardiometabolic risk reduction. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61:1600557. [PMID: 27687784 PMCID: PMC5484307 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds in plant-based foods have health properties that contribute to the prevention of age-related chronic diseases, particularly cardiometabolic disorders. Conclusive proof and understanding of these benefits in humans is essential in order to provide effective dietary recommendations but, so far, the evidence obtained from human intervention trials is limited and contradictory. This is partly due to differences between individuals in the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of bioactive compounds, as well as to heterogeneity in their biological response regarding cardiometabolic health outcomes. Identifying the main factors underlying inter-individual differences, as well as developing new and innovative methodologies to account for such variability constitute an overarching goal to ultimately optimize the beneficial health effects of plant food bioactives for each and every one of us. In this respect, this position paper from the COST Action FA1403-POSITIVe examines the main factors likely to affect the individual responses to consumption of plant food bioactives and presents perspectives for assessment and consideration of inter-individual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Manach
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand; Clermont UniversitéUniversité d'AuvergneUnité de Nutrition HumaineBP 10448F‐63000Clermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand; Clermont UniversitéUniversité d'AuvergneUnité de Nutrition HumaineBP 10448F‐63000Clermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET)Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Ana Rodriguez‐Mateos
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular MedicineMedical FacultyUniversity of DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Baukje de Roos
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Maria Teresa Garcia‐Conesa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICCampus de EspinardoMurciaSpain
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Food ScienceSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
- Nutritional Epidemiology UnitInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and HealthUniversity College DublinDublinRepublic of Ireland
| | - Marina Heinonen
- Department of Food and Environmental SciencesFood ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Francisco Tomás‐Barberán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICCampus de EspinardoMurciaSpain
| | - Christine Morand
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand; Clermont UniversitéUniversité d'AuvergneUnité de Nutrition HumaineBP 10448F‐63000Clermont‐FerrandFrance
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19
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Bohn T, Desmarchelier C, Dragsted LO, Nielsen CS, Stahl W, Rühl R, Keijer J, Borel P. Host-related factors explaining interindividual variability of carotenoid bioavailability and tissue concentrations in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61:1600685. [PMID: 28101967 PMCID: PMC5516247 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid dietary intake and their endogenous levels have been associated with a decreased risk of several chronic diseases. There are indications that carotenoid bioavailability depends, in addition to the food matrix, on host factors. These include diseases (e.g. colitis), life-style habits (e.g. smoking), gender and age, as well as genetic variations including single nucleotide polymorphisms that govern carotenoid metabolism. These are expected to explain interindividual differences that contribute to carotenoid uptake, distribution, metabolism and excretion, and therefore possibly also their association with disease risk. For instance, digestion enzymes fostering micellization (PNLIP, CES), expression of uptake/efflux transporters (SR-BI, CD36, NPC1L1), cleavage enzymes (BCO1/2), intracellular transporters (FABP2), secretion into chylomicrons (APOB, MTTP), carotenoid metabolism in the blood and liver (LPL, APO C/E, LDLR), and distribution to target tissues such as adipose tissue or macula (GSTP1, StARD3) depend on the activity of these proteins. In addition, human microbiota, e.g. via altering bile-acid concentrations, may play a role in carotenoid bioavailability. In order to comprehend individual, variable responses to these compounds, an improved knowledge on intra-/interindividual factors determining carotenoid bioavailability, including tissue distribution, is required. Here, we highlight the current knowledge on factors that may explain such intra-/interindividual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of HealthStrassenLuxembourg
| | | | - Lars O. Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Charlotte S. Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Wilhelm Stahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IHeinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Paprika Bioanalytics BTDebrecenHungary
- MTA‐DE Public Health Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of SciencesFaculty of Public HealthUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Patrick Borel
- NORT, Aix‐Marseille Université, INRAINSERMMarseilleFrance
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20
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Salter‐Venzon D, Kazlova V, Izzy Ford S, Intra J, Klosner AE, Gellenbeck KW. Evidence for decreased interaction and improved carotenoid bioavailability by sequential delivery of a supplement. Food Sci Nutr 2017; 5:424-433. [PMID: 28572926 PMCID: PMC5448391 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the notable health benefits of carotenoids for human health, the majority of human diets worldwide are repeatedly shown to be inadequate in intake of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables, according to current health recommendations. To address this deficit, strategies designed to increase dietary intakes and subsequent plasma levels of carotenoids are warranted. When mixed carotenoids are delivered into the intestinal tract simultaneously, competition occurs for micelle formation and absorption, affecting carotenoid bioavailability. Previously, we tested the in vitro viability of a carotenoid mix designed to deliver individual carotenoids sequentially spaced from one another over the 6 hr transit time of the human upper gastrointestinal system. We hypothesized that temporally and spatially separating the individual carotenoids would reduce competition for micelle formation, improve uptake, and maximize efficacy. Here, we test this hypothesis in a double-blind, repeated-measure, cross-over human study with 12 subjects by comparing the change of plasma carotenoid levels for 8 hr after oral doses of a sequentially spaced carotenoid mix, to a matched mix without sequential spacing. We find the carotenoid change from baseline, measured as area under the curve, is increased following consumption of the sequentially spaced mix compared to concomitant carotenoids delivery. These results demonstrate reduced interaction and regulation between the sequentially spaced carotenoids, suggesting improved bioavailability from a novel sequentially spaced carotenoid mix.
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21
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Granado-Lorencio F, Blanco-Navarro I, Pérez-Sacristán B, Hernández-Álvarez E. Biomarkers of carotenoid bioavailability. Food Res Int 2017; 99:902-916. [PMID: 28847427 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of biomarkers constitutes an essential tool to assess the bioavailability of carotenoids in humans. The present article aims to review several methodological, host-related and modulating factors relevant on assessing and interpreting carotenoid bioavailability. Markers for carotenoid bioavailability can be broadly divided into direct, biochemical or "analytical" markers and indirect, physiological or "functional" indicators. Analytical markers usually refer to biochemical indicators of intake and/or status (short and long term exposure) while functional measures may be interpreted in terms of cumulative exposure, biological effect (bioactivity) or modification of risk factors. Both types of markers display advantages and limitations but, in general, a relationship exists among the type of marker, the biological specimen needed and the time required for a change. Humans may absorb a wide range of carotenes and xanthophylls and many of them may be found in serum and tissues. However, under physiological conditions, the several classes of dietary carotenoids may behave unequally leading to a different systemic profile and, moreover, they can be selectively accumulated at target tissues. In addition, some carotenoids may be chemically and enzymatically modified generating different oxidative metabolites and apocarotenoids. Quantitatively, the biological response upon carotenoid intervention (assessed by analytical and functional markers) is highly variable but the use of large doses and long-term protocols may lead to saturation effects and the loss of linearity in the response. Also, despite carotenoid exposition is considered to be safe, markers of overexposure include clinical signs (i.e. carotenodermia, corneal rings and retinopathy) and biochemical indicators (hypercarotenemia, xanthophyll esters). Overall, both host-related and methodological factors may influence analytical and functional markers to assess carotenoid bioavailability although the different subclasses of carotenoids may not be equally affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Granado-Lorencio
- Grupo Metabolismo y Nutrición, IDIPHIM, Spain; Unidad de Vitaminas, Spain; Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain.
| | - I Blanco-Navarro
- Grupo Metabolismo y Nutrición, IDIPHIM, Spain; Unidad de Vitaminas, Spain; Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Pérez-Sacristán
- Grupo Metabolismo y Nutrición, IDIPHIM, Spain; Unidad de Vitaminas, Spain
| | - E Hernández-Álvarez
- Grupo Metabolismo y Nutrición, IDIPHIM, Spain; Unidad de Vitaminas, Spain; Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Aguayo E, Martínez-Sánchez A, Silveira A, Tarazona M. Effects of pasteurization and storage time on watermelon juice quality enriched with L-citrulline. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2017.1151.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Tanumihardjo SA, Ball AM, Kaliwile C, Pixley KV. The research and implementation continuum of biofortified sweet potato and maize in Africa. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1390:88-103. [PMID: 28187234 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of sweet potato and maize with provitamin A carotenoids has been part of HarvestPlus's research continuum since the formation of the biofortification project. This review includes case studies of biofortification strategies used for sweet potato in Uganda and orange maize in Zambia. The current status of the science and release of biofortified varieties was reviewed by three scientists who were part of the HarvestPlus program for more than a decade with input from a scientist who experienced orange maize dissemination in Zambia. High β-carotene varieties of sweet potato were introduced into South Africa and Mozambique, and efficacy and effectiveness studies, respectively, showed promise to improve vitamin A status, followed by dissemination efforts in Uganda. A randomized, controlled effectiveness trial tested extension models to promote sweet potato and assessed vitamin A intake among Ugandans. Orange maize breeding was initially a challenge, but considering that the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway was present in maize germplasm, breeders quickly bred higher amounts of provitamin A into the maize that was ultimately released in Zambia. Initial resistance occurred because orange maize was associated with yellow maize, which had negative connotations associated with food aid and animal feed, and consumers preferred white maize. Currently, both orange crops are available on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Nutritional Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | | | - Kevin V Pixley
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Texcoco, Mexico
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24
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Yasmeen R, Fukagawa NK, Wang TT. Establishing health benefits of bioactive food components: a basic research scientist's perspective. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 44:109-114. [PMID: 28056363 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive food components or functional foods have recently received significant attention because of their widely touted positive effects on health beyond basic nutrition. However, a question continues to lurk: are these claims for 'super foods' backed by sound science or simply an exaggerated portrayal of very small 'benefits'? Efforts to establish health benefits by scientific means pose a real challenge in regards to defining what those benefits are, as well as how effective the foods are in justifying any health claim. This review discusses the pitfalls associated with the execution, interpretation, extrapolation of the results to humans and the challenges encountered in the dietary research arena from a basic scientist's perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Yasmeen
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Lab, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Naomi K Fukagawa
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Lab, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Thomas Ty Wang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Lab, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Tan HL, Thomas-Ahner JM, Moran NE, Cooperstone JL, Erdman JW, Young GS, Clinton SK. β-Carotene 9',10' Oxygenase Modulates the Anticancer Activity of Dietary Tomato or Lycopene on Prostate Carcinogenesis in the TRAMP Model. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 10:161-169. [PMID: 27807077 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that dietary tomato consumption or the intake of the carotenoid lycopene inhibits prostate cancer arose from epidemiologic studies and is supported by preclinical rodent experiments and in vitro mechanistic studies. We hypothesize that variation in activity of carotenoid cleavage enzymes, such as β-carotene 9',10'-oxygenase (BCO2), may alter the impact of dietary tomato and lycopene on prostate carcinogenesis and therefore examined this relationship in the TRAMP model. Starting at 3 weeks of age, TRAMP:Bco2+/+ and TRAMP:Bco2-/- mice were fed either AIN-93G control, or semipurified diets containing 10% tomato powder or 0.25% lycopene beadlets until 18 weeks of age. Both tomato- and lycopene-fed TRAMP:Bco2-/- mice had significantly greater serum concentrations of total, 5-cis, other cis, and all-trans lycopene than TRAMP:Bco2+/+ mice. Tomato- and lycopene-fed mice had a lower incidence of prostate cancer compared with the control-fed mice. Although Bco2 genotype alone did not significantly change prostate cancer outcome in the control AIN-93G-fed mice, the abilities of lycopene and tomato feeding to inhibit prostate carcinogenesis were significantly attenuated by the loss of Bco2 (Pinteraction = 0.0004 and 0.0383, respectively). Overall, dietary tomato and lycopene inhibited the progression of prostate cancer in TRAMP in a Bco2 genotype-specific manner, potentially implicating the anticancer activity of lycopene cleavage products. This study suggests that genetic variables impacting carotenoid metabolism and accumulation can impact anticancer activity and that future efforts devoted to understanding the interface between tomato carotenoid intake, host genetics, and metabolism will be necessary to clearly elucidate their interactive roles in human prostate carcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res; 10(2); 161-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Li Tan
- The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jennifer M Thomas-Ahner
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nancy E Moran
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jessica L Cooperstone
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John W Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Gregory S Young
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Smith JW, Ford NA, Thomas-Ahner JM, Moran NE, Bolton EC, Wallig MA, Clinton SK, Erdman JW. Mice lacking β-carotene-15,15'-dioxygenase exhibit reduced serum testosterone, prostatic androgen receptor signaling, and prostatic cellular proliferation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R1135-R1148. [PMID: 27629887 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00261.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
β-Carotene-15,15'-dioxygenase (BCO1) cleaves dietary carotenoids at the central 15,15' double bond, most notably acting on β-carotene to yield retinal. However, Bco1 disruption also impacts diverse physiological end points independent of dietary carotenoid feeding, including expression of genes controlling androgen metabolism. Using the Bco1-/- mouse model, we sought to probe the effects of Bco1 disruption on testicular steroidogenesis, prostatic androgen signaling, and prostatic proliferation. Male wild-type (WT) and Bco1-/- mice were raised on carotenoid-free AIN-93G diets before euthanasia between 10 and 14 wk of age. Weights of the prostate and seminal vesicles were significantly lower in Bco1-/- than in WT mice (-18% and -29%, respectively). Serum testosterone levels in Bco1-/- mice were significantly reduced by 73%. Bco1 disruption significantly reduced Leydig cell number and decreased testicular mRNA expression of Hsd17b3, suggesting inhibition of testicular testosterone synthesis. Immunofluorescent staining of the androgen receptor (AR) in the dorsolateral prostate lobes of Bco1-/- mice revealed a decrease in AR nuclear localization. Analysis of prostatic morphology suggested decreases in gland size and secretion. These findings were supported by reduced expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 in Bco1-/- prostates. Expression analysis of 200 prostate cancer- and androgen-related genes suggested that Bco1 loss significantly disrupted prostatic androgen receptor signaling, cell cycle progression, and proliferation. This is the first demonstration that Bco1 disruption lowers murine circulating testosterone levels and thereby reduces prostatic androgen receptor signaling and prostatic cellular proliferation, further supporting the role of this protein in processes more diverse than carotenoid cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Smith
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Nikki A Ford
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | | | - Nancy E Moran
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Eric C Bolton
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Matthew A Wallig
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - John W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; .,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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Zhu CH, Gertz ER, Cai Y, Burri BJ. Consumption of canned citrus fruit meals increases human plasma β-cryptoxanthin concentration, whereas lycopene and β-carotene concentrations did not change in healthy adults. Nutr Res 2016; 36:679-88. [PMID: 27333959 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Several studies suggest that β-cryptoxanthin has a greater plasma response from its common food sources than other carotenoids such as β-carotene and lycopene. The hypothesis of this study is that changes in plasma β-cryptoxanthin concentrations will be greater than changes in plasma β-carotene or lycopene concentrations even if these carotenoids are fed in a similar food matrix, such as citrus fruit. We tested this hypothesis by measuring changes in plasma concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and β-carotene after feeding measured amounts of canned tangerines and pink grapefruit to healthy nonsmoking adult humans. Volunteers served as their own controls and received both citrus fruit treatments randomly. In the first study, 8 subjects ate single meals of 234-304g of tangerines or 60-540g of pink grapefruit. The second study compared changes in plasma carotenoid concentration caused by feeding 234g of tangerines or 540g of pink grapefruit to 11 subjects. Blood was collected 5 times within 24hours after each citrus meal. Carotenoid concentrations were analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma β-cryptoxanthin concentrations increased within 5hours and then stabilized, remaining high throughout the 24hours measured. Plasma concentrations of lycopene and β-carotene did not change. These results show that β-cryptoxanthin concentrations increased after a citrus fruit meal, but lycopene and β-carotene concentrations did not change after a similar citrus fruit meal. These results support our hypothesis that changes in plasma β-cryptoxanthin are greater than changes in plasma lycopene or β-carotene, even when these carotenoids are fed in a similar food matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao H Zhu
- University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, 430 W Health Sciences Dr, Davis, CA 95616.
| | - Erik R Gertz
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA/ARS, 430 W Health Sciences Dr, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Yimeng Cai
- University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, 430 W Health Sciences Dr, Davis, CA 95616.
| | - Betty J Burri
- University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, 430 W Health Sciences Dr, Davis, CA 95616; Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA/ARS, 430 W Health Sciences Dr, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Burri BJ, La Frano MR, Zhu C. Absorption, metabolism, and functions of β-cryptoxanthin. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:69-82. [PMID: 26747887 PMCID: PMC4892306 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Cryptoxanthin, a carotenoid found in fruits and vegetables such as tangerines, red peppers, and pumpkin, has several functions important for human health. Most evidence from observational, in vitro, animal model, and human studies suggests that β-cryptoxanthin has relatively high bioavailability from its common food sources, to the extent that some β-cryptoxanthin-rich foods might be equivalent to β-carotene-rich foods as sources of retinol. β-Cryptoxanthin is an antioxidant in vitro and appears to be associated with decreased risk of some cancers and degenerative diseases. In addition, many in vitro, animal model, and human studies suggest that β-cryptoxanthin-rich foods may have an anabolic effect on bone and, thus, may help delay osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty J Burri
- B.J. Burri, M.R. La Frano, and C. Zhu are with the Western Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
| | - Michael R La Frano
- B.J. Burri, M.R. La Frano, and C. Zhu are with the Western Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Chenghao Zhu
- B.J. Burri, M.R. La Frano, and C. Zhu are with the Western Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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29
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Bacchetti T, Tullii D, Masciangelo S, Gesuita R, Skrami E, Brugè F, Silvestri S, Orlando P, Tiano L, Ferretti G. Effect of a barley-vegetable soup on plasma carotenoids and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015. [PMID: 26236103 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional foods that provide benefits beyond their traditional nutritional value have attracted much interest. Aim of the study was to evaluate the nutritional and the functional properties of a frozen ready-to-eat soup containing barley and pigmented vegetables. Both glycaemic index and the glyceamic load of ready-to-eat soup were evaluated in vivo. Moreover the bioavailability of carotenoids (lutein and beta-carotene) and the effect on lipid profile and lipid peroxidation were studied in 38 volunteers whose diet was supplemented for two weeks with a daily portion (250 g) of the ready-to-eat soup. Plasma levels of carotenoids (lutein and beta-carotene) and plasma total antioxidant capacity significantly increased after 2 weeks of treatment. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in the levels of lipids (total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol) and of markers of lipid peroxidation (oxidized low density lipoprotein and lipid hydroperoxides) in plasma of all subjects. The glyceamic index of the product was 36, therefore it could be considered a low glyceamic index food. An accurate selection of vegetable foods results in a palatable and healthy product that provides benefits on plasma lipids and lipid peroxidation (Protocol number 211525).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Domenico Tullii
- Italsur s.r.l., C.da Pianura Vomano - 64024 Notaresco (TE), Italy
| | - Simona Masciangelo
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gesuita
- Center of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Medical Information Technology, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Edlira Skrami
- Center of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Medical Information Technology, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Brugè
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianna Ferretti
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
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30
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Burri BJ. Beta-cryptoxanthin as a source of vitamin A. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:1786-1794. [PMID: 25270992 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Beta-cryptoxanthin is a common carotenoid that is found in fruit, and in human blood and tissues. Foods that are rich in beta-cryptoxanthin include tangerines, persimmons and oranges. Beta-cryptoxanthin has several functions that are important for human health, including roles in antioxidant defense and cell-to-cell communication. Most importantly, beta-cryptoxanthin is a precursor of vitamin A, which is an essential nutrient needed for eyesight, growth, development and immune response. We evaluate the evidence for beta-cryptoxanthin as a vitamin A-forming carotenoid in this paper. Observational, in vitro, animal model and human studies suggest that beta-cryptoxanthin has greater bioavailability from its common food sources than do alpha- and beta-carotene from theirs. Although beta-cryptoxanthin appears to be a poorer substrate for beta-carotene 15,15' oxygenase than is beta-carotene, animal model and human studies suggest that the comparatively high bioavailability of beta-cryptoxanthin from foods makes beta-cryptoxanthin-rich foods equivalent to beta-carotene-rich foods as sources of vitamin A. These results mean that beta-cryptoxanthin-rich foods are probably better sources of vitamin A, and more important for human health in general, than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty J Burri
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA/ARS, CA, 95616, USA
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31
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Bacchetti T, Tullii D, Masciangelo S, Gesuita R, Skrami E, Brugè F, Silvestri S, Orlando P, Tiano L, Ferretti G. Effect of a barley-vegetable soup on plasma carotenoids and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 57:66-73. [PMID: 26236103 PMCID: PMC4512895 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional foods that provide benefits beyond their traditional nutritional value have attracted much interest. Aim of the study was to evaluate the nutritional and the functional properties of a frozen ready-to-eat soup containing barley and pigmented vegetables. Both glycaemic index and the glyceamic load of ready-to-eat soup were evaluated in vivo. Moreover the bioavailability of carotenoids (lutein and beta-carotene) and the effect on lipid profile and lipid peroxidation were studied in 38 volunteers whose diet was supplemented for two weeks with a daily portion (250 g) of the ready-to-eat soup. Plasma levels of carotenoids (lutein and beta-carotene) and plasma total antioxidant capacity significantly increased after 2 weeks of treatment. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in the levels of lipids (total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol) and of markers of lipid peroxidation (oxidized low density lipoprotein and lipid hydroperoxides) in plasma of all subjects. The glyceamic index of the product was 36, therefore it could be considered a low glyceamic index food. An accurate selection of vegetable foods results in a palatable and healthy product that provides benefits on plasma lipids and lipid peroxidation (Protocol number 211525).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Domenico Tullii
- Italsur s.r.l., C.da Pianura Vomano - 64024 Notaresco (TE), Italy
| | - Simona Masciangelo
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gesuita
- Center of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Medical Information Technology, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Edlira Skrami
- Center of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Medical Information Technology, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Brugè
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianna Ferretti
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
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Borel P, Desmarchelier C, Nowicki M, Bott R. Lycopene bioavailability is associated with a combination of genetic variants. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:238-44. [PMID: 25772008 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The intake of tomatoes and tomato products, which constitute the main dietary source of the red pigment lycopene (LYC), has been associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease, suggesting a protective role of this carotenoid. However, LYC bioavailability displays high interindividual variability. This variability may lead to varying biological effects following LYC consumption. Based on recent results obtained with two other carotenoids, we assumed that this variability was due, at least in part, to several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in LYC and lipid metabolism. Thus, we aimed at identifying a combination of SNPs significantly associated with the variability in LYC bioavailability. In a postprandial study, 33 healthy male volunteers consumed a test meal containing 100g tomato puree, which provided 9.7 mg all-trans LYC. LYC concentrations were measured in plasma chylomicrons (CM) isolated at regular time intervals over 8 h postprandially. For the study 1885 SNPs in 49 candidate genes, i.e., genes assumed to play a role in LYC bioavailability, were selected. Multivariate statistical analysis (partial least squares regression) was used to identify and validate the combination of SNPs most closely associated with postprandial CM LYC response. The postprandial CM LYC response to the meal was notably variable with a CV of 70%. A significant (P=0.037) and validated partial least squares regression model, which included 28 SNPs in 16 genes, explained 72% of the variance in the postprandial CM LYC response. The postprandial CM LYC response was also positively correlated to fasting plasma LYC concentrations (r=0.37, P<0.05). The ability to respond to LYC is explained, at least partly, by a combination of 28 SNPs in 16 genes. Interindividual variability in bioavailability apparently affects the long-term blood LYC status, which could ultimately modulate the biological response following LYC supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Borel
- INRA, UMR INRA1260, F-13005, Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1062, F-13005, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, F-13005, Marseille, France.
| | - Charles Desmarchelier
- INRA, UMR INRA1260, F-13005, Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1062, F-13005, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, F-13005, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Nowicki
- INRA, UMR INRA1260, F-13005, Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1062, F-13005, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, F-13005, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Bott
- INRA, UMR INRA1260, F-13005, Marseille, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1062, F-13005, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, NORT, F-13005, Marseille, France
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Cooperstone JL, Ralston RA, Riedl KM, Haufe TC, Schweiggert RM, King SA, Timmers CD, Francis DM, Lesinski GB, Clinton SK, Schwartz SJ. Enhanced bioavailability of lycopene when consumed as cis-isomers from tangerine compared to red tomato juice, a randomized, cross-over clinical trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:658-69. [PMID: 25620547 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Tangerine tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) are rich in tetra-cis-lycopene resulting from natural variation in carotenoid isomerase. Our objective was to compare the bioavailability of lycopene from tangerine to red tomato juice, and elucidate physical deposition forms of these isomers in tomatoes by light and electron microscopy. METHODS AND RESULTS Following a randomized cross-over design, subjects (n = 11, 6 M/5 F) consumed two meals delivering 10 mg lycopene from tangerine (94% cis) or red tomato juice (10% cis). Blood was sampled over 12 h and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fractions of plasma were isolated and analyzed using HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Lycopene was crystalline in red tomato chromoplasts and globular in tangerine tomatoes. With tangerine tomato juice we observed a marked 8.5-fold increase in lycopene bioavailability compared to red tomato juice (p < 0.001). Fractional absorption was 47.70 ± 8.81% from tangerine and 4.98 ± 1.92% from red tomato juices. Large heterogeneity was observed among subjects. CONCLUSION Lycopene is markedly more bioavailable from tangerine than from red tomato juice, consistent with a predominance of cis-lycopene isomers and presence in chromoplasts in a lipid dissolved globular state. These results justify using tangerine tomatoes as a lycopene source in studies examining the potential health benefits of lycopene-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Cooperstone
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Zubair N, Kooperberg C, Liu J, Di C, Peters U, Neuhouser ML. Genetic variation predicts serum lycopene concentrations in a multiethnic population of postmenopausal women. J Nutr 2015; 145:187-92. [PMID: 25644336 PMCID: PMC4304022 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.202150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption and blood concentrations of lycopene are both positively and inversely associated with the risk of several chronic diseases. The inconsistences in lycopene disease association studies may stem from a lack of knowledge about the genetic variation in the synthesis, metabolism, and deposition of transport and binding proteins, which potentially influence serum lycopene concentrations. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between variation across the genome and serum concentrations of lycopene in a multiethnic population. METHODS Participants included African (n = 914), Hispanic (n = 464), and European (n = 1203) American postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative. We analyzed ∼7 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Linear regression models were used to assess associations between each SNP and serum concentrations (log transformed, continuous) of lycopene; we adjusted for age, body mass index, and population substructure. Models were run separately by ethnicity, and results were combined in a transethnic fixed-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, the scavenger receptor class B, member 1 (SCARB1) gene, which encodes for a cholesterol membrane transporter, was significantly associated with lycopene concentrations (rs1672879; P < 2.68 × 10(-9)). Each additional G allele resulted in a 12% decrease in lycopene concentrations for African Americans, 20% decrease for Hispanic Americans, and 9% decrease for European Americans. In addition, 2 regions were significantly associated with serum lycopene concentrations in African Americans: the slit homolog 3 gene (SLIT3), which serves as a molecular guidance cue in cellular migration, and the dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 2 (DHRS2) gene, which codes for an oxidoreductase that mitigates the breakdown of steroids. CONCLUSIONS We found 3 novel loci associated with serum lycopene concentrations, 2 of which were specific to African Americans. Future functional studies looking at these specific genes may provide insight into the metabolism and underlying function of lycopene in humans, which may further elucidate lycopene's influence on disease risk and health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jingmin Liu
- Women’s Health Initiative Clinical Coordinating Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Chongzhi Di
- Biostatistics and Biomathematics Program, and
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Ono M, Takeshima M, Nakano S. Mechanism of the Anticancer Effect of Lycopene (Tetraterpenoids). MECHANISM OF THE ANTICANCER EFFECT OF PHYTOCHEMICALS 2015; 37:139-66. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Tan HL, Moran NE, Cichon MJ, Riedl KM, Schwartz SJ, Erdman JW, Pearl DK, Thomas-Ahner JM, Clinton SK. β-Carotene-9',10'-oxygenase status modulates the impact of dietary tomato and lycopene on hepatic nuclear receptor-, stress-, and metabolism-related gene expression in mice. J Nutr 2014; 144:431-9. [PMID: 24553694 PMCID: PMC3952621 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.186676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato and lycopene (ψ,ψ-carotene) consumption is hypothesized to protect against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocarcinogenesis, processes that may depend upon diet and gene interactions. To investigate the interaction of tomato or lycopene feeding with β-carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase (Bco2) on hepatic metabolic and signaling pathways, male wild-type (WT) and Bco2(-/-) mice (3-wk-old; n = 36) were fed semi-purified control, 10% tomato powder-containing, or 0.25% lycopene beadlet-containing diets for 3 wk. Serum lycopene concentrations were higher in lycopene- and tomato-fed Bco2(-/-) mice compared with WT (P = 0.03). Tomato- and lycopene-fed mice had detectable hepatic apolipoprotein (apo)-6'-, apo-8'-, and apo-12'-lycopenal concentrations. Hepatic expression of β-carotene-15,15'-monooxygenase was increased in Bco2(-/-) mice compared with WT (P = 0.02), but not affected by diet. Evaluation of hepatic gene expression by focused quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction arrays for nuclear receptors and coregulators (84 genes) and stress and metabolism (82 genes) genes indicates that tomato feeding affected 31 genes (≥1.5-fold, P < 0.05) and lycopene feeding affected 19 genes, 16 of which were affected by both diets. Lycopene down-regulation of 7 nuclear receptors and coregulators, estrogen-related receptor-α, histone deacetylase 3, nuclear receptor coactivator 4, RevErbA-β, glucocorticoid receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, and PPAR-γ, coactivator 1 β was dependent upon interaction with Bco2 status. Lycopene and tomato feeding induced gene expression patterns consistent with decreased lipid uptake, decreased cell proliferation and mitosis, down-regulated aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, and decreased expression of genes involved in retinoid X receptor heterodimer activation. Tomato feeding also caused expression changes consistent with down-regulation of DNA synthesis and terpenoid metabolism. These data suggest tomato components, particularly lycopene, affect hepatic gene expression, potentially affecting hepatic responses to metabolic, infectious, or chemical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Li Tan
- The Interdisciplinary Program in Nutrition,Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | | | - Morgan J. Cichon
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ken M. Riedl
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Steven J. Schwartz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, and,Department of Food Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - John W. Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL; and
| | - Dennis K. Pearl
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, and,Department of Statistics and
| | | | - Steven K. Clinton
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, and,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Moran NE, Clinton SK, Erdman JW. Differential bioavailability, clearance, and tissue distribution of the acyclic tomato carotenoids lycopene and phytoene in mongolian gerbils. J Nutr 2013; 143:1920-6. [PMID: 24108134 PMCID: PMC3827638 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.181461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene (LYC) is the major tomato carotenoid and is the focus of substantial research. Phytoene (PE), a minor tomato carotenoid, is found in human blood and tissues in similar concentrations to LYC. To determine which metabolic differences underlie this phenomenon, Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus, n = 56) were fed control or tomato powder (TP)-containing diets (to establish steady-state serum and tissue carotenoid concentrations similar to tomato-fed humans) for 26 d. The TP-fed gerbils were then provided either a single, oral, cottonseed oil (CO) vehicle dose and tissues were collected at 6 h or they were provided unlabeled PE or LYC in CO and tissues were evaluated at 6, 12, or 24 h. In vehicle-dosed, TP-fed gerbils, LYC was the major carotenoid (≥ 55% carotenoids) in liver, spleen, testes, and the prostate-seminal vesicle complex, whereas PE was the major serum and adipose carotenoid (≥ 37% total carotenoid) and phytofluene was the major carotenoid (≥ 38%) in adrenals and lungs. PE dosing increased hepatic, splenic, and serum PE concentrations compared with vehicle dosing (P < 0.05) from 6 to 24 h, whereas LYC dosing increased only serum LYC at 6 and 12 h (P < 0.05) compared with vehicle dosing. This suggested PE was more bioavailable and cleared more slowly than LYC. To precisely track absorptive and distributive differences, (14)C-PE or (14)C-LYC (n = 2/group) was provided to TP-fed gerbils. Bioavailability assessed by carcass (14)C-content was 23% for PE and 8% for LYC. Nearly every extra-hepatic tissue accumulated greater dose radioactivity after (14)C-PE than (14)C-LYC dosing. Thus, LYC and PE, which structurally differ only by saturation, pharmacokinetically differ in bioavailability, tissue deposition, and clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven K. Clinton
- Comprehensive Cancer Center,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
| | - John W. Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Moran NE, Erdman JW, Clinton SK. Complex interactions between dietary and genetic factors impact lycopene metabolism and distribution. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 539:171-80. [PMID: 23845854 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Intake of lycopene, a red, tetraterpene carotenoid found in tomatoes is epidemiologically associated with a decreased risk of chronic disease processes, and lycopene has demonstrated bioactivity in numerous in vitro and animal models. However, our understanding of absorption, tissue distribution, and biological impact in humans remains very limited. Lycopene absorption is strongly impacted by dietary composition, especially the amount of fat. Concentrations of circulating lycopene in lipoproteins may be further influenced by a number of variations in genes related to lipid absorption and metabolism. Lycopene is not uniformly distributed among tissues, with adipose, liver, and blood being the major body pools, while the testes, adrenals, and liver have the greatest concentrations compared to other organs. Tissue concentrations of lycopene are likely dictated by expression of and genetic variation in lipoprotein receptors, cholesterol transporters, and carotenoid metabolizing enzymes, thus impacting lycopene accumulation at target sites of action. The novel application of genetic evaluation in concert with lycopene tracers will allow determination of which genes and polymorphisms define individual lycopene metabolic phenotypes, response to dietary variables, and ultimately determine biological and clinical outcomes. A better understanding of the relationship between diet, genetics, and lycopene distribution will provide necessary information to interpret epidemiological findings more accurately and to design effective, personalized clinical nutritional interventions addressing hypotheses regarding health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Moran
- Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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