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Lee CH, Kwon Y, Park S, Kim T, Kim MS, Kim EJ, Jung JI, Min S, Park KH, Jeong JH, Choi SE. The Impact of Ulmus macrocarpa Extracts on a Model of Sarcopenia-Induced C57BL/6 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6197. [PMID: 38892385 PMCID: PMC11172872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to tissue and cellular changes, often driven by oxidative stress and inflammation, which contribute to age-related diseases. Our research focuses on harnessing the potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Korean Ulmus macrocarpa Hance, a traditional herbal remedy, to address muscle loss and atrophy. We evaluated the effects of Ulmus extract on various parameters in a muscle atrophy model, including weight, exercise performance, grip strength, body composition, muscle mass, and fiber characteristics. Additionally, we conducted Western blot and RT-PCR analyses to examine muscle protein regulation, apoptosis factors, inflammation, and antioxidants. In a dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy model, Ulmus extract administration promoted genes related to muscle formation while reducing those associated with muscle atrophy. It also mitigated inflammation and boosted muscle antioxidants, indicating a potential improvement in muscle atrophy. These findings highlight the promise of Ulmus extract for developing pharmaceuticals and supplements to combat muscle loss and atrophy, paving the way for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Ho Lee
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeeun Kwon
- Dr.Oregonin Inc., #802 Bodeum Hall, Kangwondaehakgil 1, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (S.P.); (T.K.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Sunmin Park
- Dr.Oregonin Inc., #802 Bodeum Hall, Kangwondaehakgil 1, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (S.P.); (T.K.); (M.S.K.)
| | - TaeHee Kim
- Dr.Oregonin Inc., #802 Bodeum Hall, Kangwondaehakgil 1, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (S.P.); (T.K.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Min Seok Kim
- Dr.Oregonin Inc., #802 Bodeum Hall, Kangwondaehakgil 1, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (S.P.); (T.K.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Industry Coupled Cooperation Center for Bio Healthcare Materials, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (E.J.K.); (J.I.J.)
| | - Jae In Jung
- Industry Coupled Cooperation Center for Bio Healthcare Materials, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (E.J.K.); (J.I.J.)
| | - Sangil Min
- Division of Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kwang-Hyun Park
- Department of Emergency Medical Rescue, Nambu University, Gwangju 62271, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae Hun Jeong
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Jeonnam State University, Damyang 57337, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sun Eun Choi
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
- Dr.Oregonin Inc., #802 Bodeum Hall, Kangwondaehakgil 1, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (S.P.); (T.K.); (M.S.K.)
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Xu Y, Zhou C, Zong M, Zhu J, Guo X, Sun Z. High-protein high-konjac glucomannan diets changed glucose and lipid metabolism by modulating colonic microflora and bile acid profiles in healthy mouse models. Food Funct 2024; 15:4446-4461. [PMID: 38563504 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
High protein and fiber diets are becoming increasingly popular for weight loss; however, the benefits or risks of high protein and fiber diets with a normal calorie level for healthy individuals still need to be elucidated. In this study, we explored the role and mechanisms of long-term high protein and/or konjac glucomannan diets on the metabolic health of healthy mouse models. We found that high konjac glucomannan contents improved the glucose tolerance of mice and both high protein and high konjac glucomannan contents improved the serum lipid profile but increased the TNF-α levels. In the liver, high dietary protein contents reduced the expression of the FASN gene related to fatty acid synthesis. Interactions of dietary protein and fiber were shown in the signaling pathways related to lipid and glucose metabolism of the liver and the inflammatory status of the colon, wherein the high protein and high konjac glucomannan diet downregulated the expression of the SREBF1 and FXR genes in the liver and downregulated the expression of TNF-α genes in the colon compared to the high protein diet. High konjac glucomannan contents reduced the colonic secondary bile acid levels including DCA and LCA; this was largely associated with the changed microbiota profile and also contributed to improved lipid and glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, high protein diets improved lipid homeostasis and were not a risk to metabolic health, while high fiber diets improved glucose and lipid homeostasis by modulating colonic microbiota and bile acid profiles, and a high protein diet supplemented with konjac glucomannan might improve hepatic lipid homeostasis and colonic inflammation in healthy mouse models through long-term intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetong Xu
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Chengyu Zhou
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Minyue Zong
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Junwei Zhu
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Xutong Guo
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
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Zhang Y, Song Y, Zhang J, Li L, He L, Bo J, Gong Z, Xiao W. L-theanine regulates the immune function of SD rats fed high-protein diets through the FABP5/IL-6/STAT3/PPARα pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114095. [PMID: 37827328 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The protein levels in a diet are correlated with immunity but the long-term intake of excessive protein can compromise various aspects of health. L-theanine regulates immunity and protein metabolism; however, how its regulatory immunity effects under a high-protein diet are unclear. We used proteomics, metabonomics, and western blotting to analyze the effects of diets with different protein levels on immune function in rats to determine the role of L-theanine in immunity under a high-protein diet. The long-term intake of high-protein diets (≥40% protein) promoted oxidative imbalance and inflammation. These were alleviated by L-theanine. High-protein diets inhibited peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α expression through the interleukin (IL)-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 pathway and mediated inflammation. L-theanine downregulated anti-fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5), inhibited the IL-6/STAT3 axis, and reduced high-protein diet-induced PPARα inhibition. Therefore, L-theanine alleviates the adverse effects of high-protein diets via the FABP5/IL-6/STAT3/PPARα pathway and regulates the immunity of normally fed rats through the epoxide hydrolase (EPHX)2/nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitor (IκB)α/triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; Lushan Tea Science Research Institute, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Yuxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Jiahui Bo
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Zhihua Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
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Kim SY, Kwak KW, Park JY, Park ES, Nam CJ, An KS, Kim HJ, Yoon HJ, Kim YS, Park K, Kim E, Ryu HY, Kim SD. Evaluation of subchronic oral dose toxicity and allergen of freeze-dried powder of Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) as a novel food source. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:317-331. [PMID: 37008697 PMCID: PMC10050243 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The migratory locust, Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae), is a well-known edible insect which may serve as new source of human food and animal feed. However, potential toxicity and food safety of L. migratoria had not been investigated extensively until now. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate toxicity of freeze-dried powder of L. migratoria (fdLM) and identify allergic components in ELISA and PCR techniques. In this subchronic study, fdLM was administered once daily by oral gavage at the doses of 750, 1500, and 3000 mg/kg/day. No toxicological changes were observed in both sexes of rats for 13 weeks in accordance with the OECD guidelines and GLP conditions. In addition, fdLM did not induced increases of serum immunoglobulin E and 21 homologous proteins were not detected under our present conditions. In conclusion, the NOAEL (no-observed-adverse-effect level) was 3000 mg/kg/day and no target organ was identified in both sexes. In conclusion, we found that fdLM is safe with no adverse effects and offers the potential of its use as an edible ingredient or other biological uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kim
- Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Kwak
- Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Park
- Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sung Park
- Headquarters of GLP, Nonclinical Research Institute, Chemon Inc., 240, Nampyeong-Ro, Yangji-Myeon, Cheoin-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17162 Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Ja Nam
- Headquarters of GLP, Nonclinical Research Institute, Chemon Inc., 240, Nampyeong-Ro, Yangji-Myeon, Cheoin-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17162 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Sup An
- Bioconvergence Technology Laboratory, Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon, 21999 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Jeon-Nam Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Insect & Sericultural Research Institute, Jeonnam, 57214 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Yoon
- Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soon Kim
- Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanho Park
- Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsun Kim
- Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Yeol Ryu
- Bioconvergence Technology Laboratory, Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon, 21999 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Don Kim
- Headquarters of GLP, Nonclinical Research Institute, Chemon Inc., 240, Nampyeong-Ro, Yangji-Myeon, Cheoin-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17162 Republic of Korea
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5
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Activation of Granulocytes in Response to a High Protein Diet Leads to the Formation of Necrotic Lesions in the Liver. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020153. [PMID: 36837771 PMCID: PMC9962952 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In their aspiration to become healthy, people are known to follow extreme diets. However, the acute impact on organs regulating systemic metabolism is not well characterized. Here, we investigated the acute impact of six extreme diets on the liver in mice. Most diets did not lead to clear pathology after short-term feeding. However, two weeks of feeding with a high protein diet (HPD) resulted in an acute increase of liver enzymes in the blood, indicative of liver damage. Histology revealed the formation of necrotic lesions in this organ which persisted for several weeks. Flow cytometric analysis of hepatic immune cell populations showed that HPD feeding induced activation of macrophages and neutrophils. Neutralization of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β or depletion of macrophages with clodronate-loaded liposomes or with genetic models did not ameliorate liver necrosis. In contrast, the depletion of neutrophils prevented HPD-induced hepatic inflammation. After prolonged feeding, HPD-feeding was associated with a strong increase of the cytokines IL-10 and IL-27, suggesting that anti-inflammatory mediators are activated to prevent nutrient-overload-induced damage to the liver. In summary, whereas our data indicates that most extreme diets do not have a major impact on the liver within two weeks, diets with a very high protein content may lead to severe, acute hepatic damage and should therefore be avoided.
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Othman ZA, Zakaria Z, Suleiman JB, Mustaffa KMF, Jalil NAC, Wan Ghazali WS, Zulkipli NN, Mohamed M. Orlistat Mitigates Oxidative Stress-Linked Myocardial Damage via NF-κβ- and Caspase-Dependent Activities in Obese Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810266. [PMID: 36142178 PMCID: PMC9499462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to major complications of obesity. This study intended to identify whether orlistat could mitigate myocardial damage in obese animal models. The tested rats were divided into two groups and fed either with normal chow (n = 6 per group) or with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks to induce obesity (n = 12 per group). Obese rats were further subjected to treatment either with distilled water (OB group) or orlistat 10 mg/kg/day (OB + OR group). Key indices of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis were assessed using an immunohistochemical-based technique and real-time PCR. The OB group showed significant increases of oxidative stress markers (TBARs and PCO), with significant decreases of anti-oxidant markers (Nrf2, SOD, CAT, and GPx). Furthermore, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α and NF-κβ) and pro-apoptosis markers (Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9) were significantly upregulated in the OB group. Obese rats developed pathological changes of myocardial damages as evidenced by the presence of myocardial hypertrophy and inflammatory cells infiltration. Orlistat dampened the progression of myocardial damage in obese rats by ameliorating the oxidative stress, and by inhibiting NF-κβ pathway and caspase-dependent cell apoptosis. Our study proposed that orlistat could potentially mitigate oxidative stress-linked myocardial damage by mitigating inflammation and apoptosis, thus rationalizing its medical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaidatul Akmal Othman
- Unit of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zaida Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Joseph Bagi Suleiman
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana P.M.B. 1007, Afikpo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Khairul Mohd Fadzli Mustaffa
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Asyilla Che Jalil
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Syaheedah Wan Ghazali
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ninie Nadia Zulkipli
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Unit of Integrative Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-9767-6158
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Potue P, Chiangsaen P, Maneesai P, Khamseekaew J, Pakdeechote P, Chankitisakul V, Boonkum W, Duanghaklang N, Duangjinda M. Effects of Thai native chicken breast meat consumption on serum uric acid level, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant activities in rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14056. [PMID: 35982129 PMCID: PMC9388516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a high protein diet comprising breast meat from commercial broiler (BR), Thai native (PD), and commercial broiler × Thai native crossbred (KKU-ONE) chicken on serum uric acid, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant activities in rats. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The control group received a standard chow diet, and the other three groups were fed a high protein diet (70% standard diet + 30% BR, PD, or KKU-ONE chicken breast) for five weeks. The PD- and KKU-ONE-fed rats had lower plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels than the control rats. A decrease in HDL-c was also observed in rats fed a diet containing BR. Liver weight, liver enzyme, plasma ALP, xanthine oxidase activity, serum uric acid, creatinine, superoxide production, and plasma malondialdehyde levels increased in BR-fed rats. The findings of this study might provide evidence to support the use of Thai native and Thai native crossbred chicken breast meat as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapassorn Potue
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Khamseekaew
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Vibuntita Chankitisakul
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Wuttigrai Boonkum
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Natthaya Duanghaklang
- Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Monchai Duangjinda
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Li Z, Ding L, Zhu W, Hang S. Determination of the Effects of Duodenal Infusion Soy Protein Hydrolysate on Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Pigs Through Multi-Omics Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:838617. [PMID: 35558750 PMCID: PMC9087715 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.838617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High animal protein intake increases hepatic lipid deposition and the risk of diabetes. However, the effects of high plant protein (HPP) intake on glycaemic responses and hepatic lipid metabolism in healthy people, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remain unclear. The current study explored the metabolomic and transcriptomic responses in the livers of pigs to assess the effects of HPP intake on host glucose and lipid metabolism. Sixteen pigs were infused with sterile saline or soy protein hydrolysate (SPH; 70 g/day) through a duodenal fistula twice daily during a 15 days experimental period. Hepatic metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed, and the serum and hepatic biochemical parameters were measured. The results revealed that SPH infusion decreased serum glucose, hepatic triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, while it increased serum urea and eight hepatic amino acid levels (P < 0.05). Hepatic metabolomics displayed that SPH treatment produced seven different metabolites, four of which were related to lipid metabolism and one was related to glucose metabolism. In particular, lower (P < 0.05) glycocholic acid and glucose 1-phosphate levels and higher (P < 0.05) phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), arachidonic acid, prostaglandin F2α, l-carnitine and indole-3 acetic acid levels were observed following SPH infusion. A further metabolic pathway enrichment analysis found that these differential metabolites were mainly enriched in pathways related to lipid and glucose metabolism. Hepatic transcriptomics also demonstrated that multiple genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism were affected by SPH (P < 0.05). Together, SPH infusion reduced the hepatic TG levels by accelerating fatty acid β-oxidation and inhibiting TG synthesis. In addition, SPH infusion reduced the serum glucose levels by promoting hepatic glucose uptake and glycolysis. This study's result demonstrated that HPP intake regulated glycaemic responses and hepatic lipid metabolism in pigs without increasing the risk of hepatic lipid deposition and hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxin Li
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liren Ding
- National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suqin Hang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Wu Y, Green CL, Wang G, Yang D, Li L, Li B, Wang L, Li M, Li J, Xu Y, Zhang X, Niu C, Hu S, Togo J, Mazidi M, Derous D, Douglas A, Speakman JR. Effects of dietary macronutrients on the hepatic transcriptome and serum metabolome in mice. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13585. [PMID: 35266264 PMCID: PMC9009132 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary macronutrient composition influences both hepatic function and aging. Previous work suggested that longevity and hepatic gene expression levels were highly responsive to dietary protein, but almost unaffected by other macronutrients. In contrast, we found expression of 4005, 4232, and 4292 genes in the livers of mice were significantly associated with changes in dietary protein (5%–30%), fat (20%–60%), and carbohydrate (10%–75%), respectively. More genes in aging‐related pathways (notably mTOR, IGF‐1, and NF‐kappaB) had significant correlations with dietary fat intake than protein and carbohydrate intake, and the pattern of gene expression changes in relation to dietary fat intake was in the opposite direction to the effect of graded levels of caloric restriction consistent with dietary fat having a negative impact on aging. We found 732, 808, and 995 serum metabolites were significantly correlated with dietary protein (5%–30%), fat (8.3%–80%), and carbohydrate (10%–80%) contents, respectively. Metabolomics pathway analysis revealed sphingosine‐1‐phosphate signaling was the significantly affected pathway by dietary fat content which has also been identified as significant changed metabolic pathway in the previous caloric restriction study. Our results suggest dietary fat has major impact on aging‐related gene and metabolic pathways compared with other macronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingga Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Cara L. Green
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Guanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Dengbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Li
- University of Dali Dali Yunnan Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen People’s Republic of China
| | - Sumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Jacques Togo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Davina Derous
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - John R. Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen People’s Republic of China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Kunming People’s Republic of China
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10
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Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E, Wojciechowska M, Sassek M, Krauss H, Leciejewska N, Szczepankiewicz D, Ślósarz P, Nogowski L, Kołodziejski PA. The Long-Term Effects of High-Fat and High-Protein Diets on the Metabolic and Endocrine Activity of Adipocytes in Rats. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040339. [PMID: 33920712 PMCID: PMC8073757 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The increasing prevalence of worldwide obesity and growing awareness of its negative consequences are forcing scientists to take a new view of nutrition and search for new diets. Therefore, to find some new relationships between diet and metabolism, we analyzed the effects of the long-term (60 and 120 days) use of a high-protein diet (HPD) and of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the metabolic and endocrine functions of fat tissue and on biochemical indices in rat blood in the present study. This research helped us to understand the roles of diet in the metabolic and endocrine functioning of adipocytes. Our study indicated that an HFD has a negative effect on fat tissue function, whereas the HPD showed positive results, such as increased insulin sensitivity and improved glucose and lipid metabolism in isolated adipocytes in vitro. Abstract The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity and the rising awareness of their negative consequences are forcing researchers to take a new view of nutrition and its consequences for the metabolism of whole organisms as well as the metabolism of their individual systems and cells. Despite studies on nutrition having been carried out for a few decades, not many of them have focused on the impacts of these diets on changes in the metabolism and endocrine functions of isolated adipocytes. Therefore, we decided to investigate the effects of the long-term use (60 and 120 days) of a high-fat diet (HFD) and of a high-protein diet (HPD) on basic metabolic processes in fat cells—lipogenesis, lipolysis, and glucose uptake—and endocrine function, which was determined according to the secretion of adipokines into the incubation medium. Our results proved that the HPD diet improved insulin sensitivity, increased the intracellular uptake of glucose (p < 0.01) and its incorporation into lipids (p < 0.01) and modulated the endocrine function of these cells (decreasing leptin secretion; p < 0.01). The levels of biochemical parameters in the serum blood also changed in the HPD-fed rats. The effects of the HFD were inverse, as expected. We observed a decrease in adiponectin secretion and a diminished rate of lipogenesis (p < 0.01). Simultaneously, the secretion of leptin and resistin (p < 0.01) from isolated adipocytes increased. In conclusion, we noted that the long-term use of HPD and HFD diets modulates the metabolism and endocrine functions of isolated rat adipocytes. We summarize that an HFD had a negative effect on fat tissue functioning, whereas an HPD had positive results, such as increased insulin sensitivity and an improved metabolism of glucose and lipids in fat tissue. Moreover, we noticed that negative metabolic changes are reflected more rapidly in isolated cells than in the metabolism of the whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (N.L.); (D.S.); (L.N.)
- Correspondence: or (E.P.-O.); or (P.A.K.); Tel.: +48-618-486-084 (E.P.-O.); +48-511-468-396 (P.A.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Wojciechowska
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Maciej Sassek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (N.L.); (D.S.); (L.N.)
| | - Hanna Krauss
- Department of Medicine, The President Stanisław Wojciechowski State University of Applied Sciences in Kalisz, Nowy Świat 4, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland;
| | - Natalia Leciejewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (N.L.); (D.S.); (L.N.)
| | - Dawid Szczepankiewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (N.L.); (D.S.); (L.N.)
| | - Piotr Ślósarz
- Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Sloneczna 1, 62-002 Zlotniki, Poland;
| | - Leszek Nogowski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (N.L.); (D.S.); (L.N.)
| | - Paweł A. Kołodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (N.L.); (D.S.); (L.N.)
- Correspondence: or (E.P.-O.); or (P.A.K.); Tel.: +48-618-486-084 (E.P.-O.); +48-511-468-396 (P.A.K.)
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11
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Li X, Sun D, Zhou T, Ma H, Heianza Y, Liang Z, Bray GA, Sacks FM, Qi L. Changes of Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Ectopic Fat in Response to Weight-loss Diets: the POUNDS Lost Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5860165. [PMID: 32561903 PMCID: PMC7465554 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent evidence has related circulating branch-chained amino acids (BCAAs) to ectopic fat distribution. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of changes in plasma BCAAs induced by weight-loss diet interventions with hepatic fat and abdominal fat, and potential modification by different diets. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The current study included 184 participants from the 2-year Preventing Overweight and Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) trial with repeated measurements on plasma BCAAs, hepatic fat, and abdominal fat over 2 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Repeated measurements of hepatic fat, abdominal fat distribution, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and total adipose tissue (TAT). RESULTS Over 2 years, a decrease in total plasma BCAAs was significantly associated with improvement in hepatic density (a marker for hepatic fat; P = 0.02) and reductions in abdominal fat, including VAT, SAT, and TAT (all P < 0.05) in the main analyses. Additionally, we observed that decreases in BCAAs were associated with decreased insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and triglycerides, independent of weight loss (all P < 0.05). Moreover, we found that dietary protein intake significantly modified the relation between changes in total plasma BCAAs and hepatic density at 6 months (Pinteraction = 0.01). Participants with a larger decrease in total BCAAs showed a greater increase in hepatic density when consuming a high-protein diet, compared with those with a smaller decrease or increase in total BCAAs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that weight-loss diet-induced decrease in plasma BCAAs is associated with reductions of hepatic and abdominal fat. In addition, dietary protein intake may modify these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Hao Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Zhaoxia Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Obstetrical, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - George A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center of the Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Lu Qi, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1724, New Orleans, LA, 70112. E-mail:
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12
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Kim SY, Kwak KW, Park ES, Yoon HJ, Kim YS, Park K, Kim E, Kim SD. Evaluation of Subchronic Oral Dose Toxicity of Freeze-Dried Skimmed Powder of Zophobas atratus Larvae (frpfdZAL) in Rats. Foods 2020; 9:foods9080995. [PMID: 32722267 PMCID: PMC7466282 DOI: 10.3390/foods9080995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zophobas atratus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), the giant mealworm beetle, is known as an edible insect containing a high protein content which may serve as new sources of human food and animal feed. However, potential toxicity and food safety analyses of Z. atratus have not been previously investigated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate toxicity of freeze-dried skimmed powder of Z. atratus larvae (frpfdZAL), known as the super mealworm. Toxicological assessments were performed at the doses of 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg/day in a 2- and a 13-week oral repeated-dose toxicity study of frpfdZAL in male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats in accordance with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines and the principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). No toxicological changes in clinical signs, body weights, water and food consumption, urinalysis, hematology, clinical biochemistry, gross findings, and histopathological examinations were observed. In conclusion, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of frpfdZAL was 5000 mg/kg/day and target organ was not identified in both sexes of rats. In addition, frpfdZAL did not induce increases of serum ImmunoglobulinE (IgE), an identifier of allergic reactions in rats. Collectively, these results suggest that frpfdZAL is safe with no adverse effects, and able to be applied as an edible ingredient or other biological uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kim
- Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (K.-W.K.); (H.J.Y.); (Y.-S.K.); (K.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Kyu-Won Kwak
- Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (K.-W.K.); (H.J.Y.); (Y.-S.K.); (K.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Eun-Sung Park
- Nonclinical Research Institute, Chemon Inc., 240, Nampyeong-ro, Yangji-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17162, Korea;
| | - Hyung Joo Yoon
- Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (K.-W.K.); (H.J.Y.); (Y.-S.K.); (K.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Yong-Soon Kim
- Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (K.-W.K.); (H.J.Y.); (Y.-S.K.); (K.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Kwanho Park
- Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (K.-W.K.); (H.J.Y.); (Y.-S.K.); (K.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Eunsun Kim
- Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (K.-W.K.); (H.J.Y.); (Y.-S.K.); (K.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Sun-Don Kim
- Nonclinical Research Institute, Chemon Inc., 240, Nampyeong-ro, Yangji-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17162, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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13
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Whey protein boosts the antioxidant profile of rats by enhancing the activities of crucial antioxidant enzymes in a tissue-specific manner. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 142:111508. [PMID: 32544564 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Whey protein, a by-product of cheese industry, is harmful for the environment (i.e., surface and subterranean waters, soil) and, therefore, for humans due to its high polluting burden. Concomitantly, it has been reported that it is a mixture with potent antioxidant action since it is rich in cysteine residues, which are necessary for glutathione synthesis in vivo. On this basis, this study intended to examine the role of whey protein on the intensification of tissue antioxidant arsenal. To this end, a dose of sheep/goat whey protein equal to 1 g/kg of body weight/day dissolved in drinking water was administered to rats for 28 consecutive days. According to our findings, whey protein improved the antioxidant profile of liver, small intestine, lung and muscle whereas it did not affect the redox state of kidney. Our results were based on the alterations found in the protein expression of glutamate cysteine ligase, catalase and superoxide dismutase-1 measured in all tissues and the activity of glutathione S-transferase evaluated in muscle. Although tissue-specific, it is obvious that the action of whey protein is biologically beneficial and could serve as a biofunctional constituent for foods able to improve redox profile when administered against redox-related diseases.
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14
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A high-fat diet enriched in medium chain triglycerides triggers hepatic thermogenesis and improves metabolic health in lean and obese mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Björnson Granqvist A, Ericsson A, Sanchez J, Tonelius P, William-Olsson L, Dahlqvist U, Andersson AK, Tesan Tomic T, Hudkins K, Alpers CE, Pellegrini G, Söderberg M. High-protein diet accelerates diabetes and kidney disease in the BTBR ob/ob mouse. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F763-F771. [PMID: 31961715 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00484.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need for improved animal models that better translate to human kidney disease to predict outcome of pharmacological effects in the patient. The diabetic BTBRob/ob mouse model mimics key features of early diabetic nephropathy in humans, but with chronic injury limited to glomeruli. To explore if we could induce an accelerated and more advanced disease phenotype that closer translates to human disease, we challenged BTBRob/ob mice with a high-protein diet (HPD; 30%) and followed the progression of metabolic and renal changes up to 20 wk of age. Animals on the HPD showed enhanced metabolic derangements, evidenced by further increased levels of glucose, HbA1C, cholesterol, and alanine aminotransferase. The urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio was markedly increased with a 53-fold change compared with lean controls, whereas BTBRob/ob mice on the standard diet only presented an 8-fold change. HPD resulted in more advanced mesangial expansion already at 14 wk of age compared with BTBRob/ob mice on the standard diet and also aggravated glomerular pathology as well as interstitial fibrosis. Gene expression analysis revealed that HPD triggered expression of markers of fibrosis and inflammation in the kidney and increased oxidative stress markers in urine. This study showed that HPD significantly aggravated renal injury in BTBRob/ob mice by further advancing albuminuria, glomerular, and tubulointerstitial pathology by 20 wk of age. This mouse model offers closer translation to humans and enables exploration of new end points for pharmacological efficacy studies that also holds promise to shorten study length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Björnson Granqvist
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anette Ericsson
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - José Sanchez
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Tonelius
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena William-Olsson
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Dahlqvist
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Katrin Andersson
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tajana Tesan Tomic
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kelly Hudkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Charles E Alpers
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Giovanni Pellegrini
- Pathology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Söderberg
- Pathology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Alferink LJM, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Erler NS, de Knegt RJ, Hoorn EJ, Ikram MA, Janssen HLA, Metselaar HJ, Franco OH, Darwish Murad S. Diet-Dependent Acid Load-The Missing Link Between an Animal Protein-Rich Diet and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:6325-6337. [PMID: 30977830 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our group recently showed that animal protein was independently associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We hypothesize that this may be explained by a high diet-dependent acid load [dietary acid load (DAL)]. METHODS This cross-sectional study is embedded in a prospective population-based cohort. We estimated DAL proxies via food-frequency questionnaires using potential renal acid load (PRAL; using dietary protein, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium intake), net endogenous acid production (NEAP; using protein and potassium intake), and the animal protein-to-potassium ratio (A:P). We defined NAFLD using ultrasound after excluding secondary steatogenic causes. We used logistic regression models-adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and metabolic traits-on categorized [quartile (Q)1 to 4] and continuous DAL proxies (allowing for nonlinearity) and NAFLD. RESULTS We included 3882 participants, of which 1337 had NAFLD. All DAL proxies were higher, meaning more acidic, in individuals with NAFLD (PRAL, -2.9 vs -5.5 mEq/d; NEAP, 37.0 vs 35.1 mEq/d; and A:P, 13.3 vs 12.4; all P < 0.001). The highest Q of DAL proxies was associated with NAFLD independent of sociodemographic and lifestyle confounders, but significance dissipated after correction for metabolic confounders and multiple testing. However, the P value for nonlinearity was significant in all DAL proxies (P < 0.001). Natural cubic splines performed better with than without DAL proxies in the fully adjusted model (all P ≤ 0.038). The highest probability of NAFLD was found for an acidic diet. CONCLUSIONS This study showed an independent nonlinear association between an acidic diet and NAFLD. Further studies with acid-base biomarkers are needed, but our findings might provide a mechanistic explanation for the harmful association between an animal protein-rich diet and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise J M Alferink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, LUMC-Campus, VA The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Nicole S Erler
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert J de Knegt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harry L A Janssen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Toronto Centre of Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Herold J Metselaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sarwa Darwish Murad
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
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17
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Gokarn R, Solon-Biet SM, Cogger VC, Cooney GJ, Wahl D, McMahon AC, Mitchell JR, Mitchell SJ, Hine C, de Cabo R, Raubenheimer D, Simpson SJ, Le Couteur DG. Long-term Dietary Macronutrients and Hepatic Gene Expression in Aging Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:1618-1625. [PMID: 29688281 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition influences both hepatic function and aging, but mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, the effects of lifelong, ad libitum-fed diets varying in macronutrients and energy on hepatic gene expression were studied. Gene expression was measured using Affymetrix mouse arrays in livers of 46 mice aged 15 months fed one of 25 diets varying in protein, carbohydrates, fat, and energy density from 3 weeks of age. Gene expression was almost entirely influenced by protein intake. Carbohydrate and fat intake had few effects on gene expression compared with protein. Pathways and processes associated with protein intake included those involved with mitochondrial function, metabolic signaling (PI3K-Akt, AMPK, mTOR) and metabolism of protein and amino acids. Protein intake had variable effects on genes associated with regulation of longevity and influenced by caloric restriction. Among the genes of interest with expression that were significantly associated with protein intake are Cth, Gls2, Igf1, and Nnmt, which were increased with higher protein intake, and Igf2bp2, Fgf21, Prkab2, and Mtor, which were increased with lower protein intake. Dietary protein has a powerful impact on hepatic gene expression in older mice, with some overlap with genes previously reported to be involved with regulation of longevity or caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gokarn
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Aging and Alzheimers Institute (AAAI), New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing (CERA), New South Wales, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Aging and Alzheimers Institute (AAAI), New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing (CERA), New South Wales, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Aging and Alzheimers Institute (AAAI), New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing (CERA), New South Wales, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Devin Wahl
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Aging and Alzheimers Institute (AAAI), New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing (CERA), New South Wales, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aisling C McMahon
- Aging and Alzheimers Institute (AAAI), New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing (CERA), New South Wales, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James R Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Hine
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Aging and Alzheimers Institute (AAAI), New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing (CERA), New South Wales, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
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Sinz S, Liesegang A, Kreuzer M, Marquardt S. Do supplements of Acacia mearnsii and grapeseed extracts alone or in combination alleviate metabolic nitrogen load and manure nitrogen emissions of lambs fed a high crude protein diet? Arch Anim Nutr 2019; 73:306-323. [PMID: 31164000 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2019.1615359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diets excessive in crude protein (CP) are unfavourable in terms of metabolic and environmental load. Dietary phenols, often binding to dietary proteins, may alleviate these problems. In an experiment with 60 lambs (3.2 ± 1.6 months of age; 29.7 ± 5.1 kg body weight), kept in pairs, five diets were tested. A diet with 157 g CP/kg dry matter (DM) served as negative control. Four diets with on average 229 (225-233) g CP/kg DM remained either non-supplemented or were supplemented with 13 g/kg DM of Acacia mearnsii extract, grapeseed extract, or a combination of both (26 g extract/kg DM). The analysed concentrations of total extractable phenols were 7.1, 8.1, 14.3, 16.6 and 25.4 g/kg DM for low (CP‒) and high CP (CP+), and high CP with acacia (CP+A), grapeseed (CP+G) and acacia plus grapeseed (CP+AG), respectively. Diets were fed for 10 weeks, and for 6 d faeces and urine were collected and subsequently stored as complete manure for 8 weeks. In blood plasma, phenol concentrations and activities of enzymes indicating liver and kidney stress were analysed. The CP+ diet increased apparent digestibility of N and its removal with the urine, with the expected increase in gaseous N emissions from the manure (13.5 vs 6.5 g/lamb per day during 8 weeks) compared to CP‒. However, no clear signs of metabolic stress were detected. Supplementing the extracts did not impair intake, growth performance and digestibility. Only the supplementation with both extracts decreased urinary N proportion of manure N, and the concomitant weak decline in gaseous emission from the manure was not significant. At least part of the phenols of both extracts seem to be bioavailable as their supplementation elevated blood plasma phenol concentrations by 15% to 40% compared to CP+. A combination of both extracts did not result in a further increase. Further studies have to identify the minimally effective dosage for reducing N emissions, which, at the same time, does not cause adverse side effects in performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Sinz
- a ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Annette Liesegang
- b University of Zürich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Animal Nutrition , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Michael Kreuzer
- a ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Svenja Marquardt
- a ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences , Zürich , Switzerland.,c International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) , Mazingira Centre , Nairobi , Kenya
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Islam MA, Ravandi A, Aukema HM. Linoleic acid derived oxylipins are elevated in kidney and liver and reduced in serum in rats given a high-protein diet. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 61:40-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Protein synthesis signaling in skeletal muscle is refractory to whey protein ingestion during a severe energy deficit evoked by prolonged exercise and caloric restriction. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:872-882. [PMID: 30242237 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise and protein ingestion preserve muscle mass during moderate energy deficits. OBJECTIVE To determine the molecular mechanisms by which exercise and protein ingestion may spare muscle mass during severe energy deficit (5500 kcal/day). DESIGN Fifteen overweight, but otherwise healthy men, underwent a pre-test (PRE), caloric restriction (3.2 kcals/kg body weight/day) + exercise (45 min one-arm cranking + 8 h walking) for 4 days (CRE), followed by a control diet (CD) for 3 days, with a caloric content similar to pre-intervention while exercise was reduced to less than 10,000 steps per day. During CRE, participants ingested either whey protein (PRO, n = 8) or sucrose (SU, n = 7) (0.8 g/kg body weight/day). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the trained and untrained deltoid, and vastus lateralis. RESULTS Following CRE and CD, serum concentrations of leptin, insulin, and testosterone were reduced, whereas cortisol and the catabolic index (cortisol/total testosterone) increased. The Akt/mTor/p70S6K pathway and total eIF2α were unchanged, while total 4E-BP1 and Thr37/464E-BP1 were higher. After CRE, plasma BCAA and EAA were elevated, with a greater response in PRO group, and total GSK3β, pSer9GSK3β, pSer51eIF2α, and pSer51eIF2α/total eIF2α were reduced, with a greater response of pSer9GSK3β in the PRO group. The changes in signaling were associated with the changes in leptin, insulin, amino acids, cortisol, cortisol/total testosterone, and lean mass. CONCLUSIONS During severe energy deficit, pSer9GSK3β levels are reduced and human skeletal muscle becomes refractory to the anabolic effects of whey protein ingestion, regardless of contractile activity. These effects are associated with the changes in lean mass and serum insulin, testosterone, and cortisol concentrations.
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Żebrowska-Gamdzyk M, Maciejczyk M, Zalewska A, Guzińska-Ustymowicz K, Tokajuk A, Car H. Whey Protein Concentrate WPC-80 Intensifies Glycoconjugate Catabolism and Induces Oxidative Stress in the Liver of Rats. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091178. [PMID: 30154356 PMCID: PMC6164859 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of whey protein concentrate (WPC-80) on glycoconjugate catabolism, selected markers of oxidative stress and liver inflammation. The experiment was conducted on male Wistar rats (n = 63). The animals from the study group were administered WPC-80 at a dose of 0.3 or 0.5 g/kg body weight for 7, 14 or 21 days, while rats from the control group received only 0.9% NaCl. In liver homogenates, we assayed the activity of N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase (HEX), β-glucuronidase (GLU), β-galactosidase (GAL), α-mannosidase (MAN), α-fucosidase (FUC), as well as the level of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). A significantly higher activity of HEX, GLU, MAN and FUC were found in the livers of rats receiving WPC-80 compared to controls. Serum ALT and AST were significantly higher in the animals supplemented with WPC-80 at a dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight for 21 days. In the same group of animals, enhanced level of GSH, MDA, IL-1β and TGF-β1 were also observed. WPC-80 is responsible for intensive remodelling of liver tissue and induction of oxidative stress especially at a dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Żebrowska-Gamdzyk
- Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, 14 Akademicka Street, 18-400 Lomza, Poland.
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, 37 Szpitalna Street, 15-767 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, 37 Szpitalna Street, 15-767 Bialystok, Poland.
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, 15-233 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Guzińska-Ustymowicz
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Anna Tokajuk
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, 37 Szpitalna Street, 15-767 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, 37 Szpitalna Street, 15-767 Bialystok, Poland.
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Sousa RML, Ribeiro NLX, Pinto BAS, Sanches JR, da Silva MU, Coêlho CFF, França LM, de Figueiredo Neto JA, Paes AMDA. Long-term high-protein diet intake reverts weight gain and attenuates metabolic dysfunction on high-sucrose-fed adult rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:53. [PMID: 30061916 PMCID: PMC6057058 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Consumption of added sugars has been considered a worldwide public health concern by its association with metabolic syndrome and its comorbidities. Meanwhile, current studies have suggested high-protein diets to promote weight loss and improved metabolic outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term high-protein diet (HPD, 34.3% protein) intake on high-sucrose-fed rats. Methods Weaned male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: rats fed a standard chow (CT/CT, 10% sucrose) or rats fed a high-sucrose diet (HSD, 25% sucrose) for a 20-week observational period. Subsequently, HS/HS animals were randomized into 3 new groups: rats maintained on HSD diet (HS/HS); rats submitted to HSD replacement by standard chow (HS/CT); and those with HSD replaced by HPD (HS/HP). All groups were followed up for 12 weeks during which we investigated the effects of HPD on body weight, energy intake, obesity development, glicemic/lipid profile, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, tissue weight (adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscles), lipolytic activity, liver lipoperoxidation and histology, as well as serum markers of hepatic function. Results Post-weaning exposure to HSD led to metabolic syndrome phenotype at adulthood, herein characterized by central obesity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. Only HPD feeding was able to revert weight gain and adipose tissue accumulation, as well as restore adipose tissue lipolytic response to sympathetic stimulus. On the other hand, either HPD or withdrawal from HSD promoted very similar metabolic outcomes upon 12-week nutritional intervention. HS/HP and HS/CT rats showed reduced fasting serum levels of glucose, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol, which were correlated with the improvement of peripheral insulin sensitivity, as inferred from kITT and TyG Index values. Both nutritional interventions restored liver morphofunctional patterns, but only HPD restored lipid peroxidation. Conclusions Our data showed that 12-week intake of an isocaloric moderately high-protein diet consistently restored high-sucrose-induced central adiposity and obesity in addition to the attenuation of other important metabolic outcomes, such as improvement of glucolipid homeostasis associated to increased insulin sensitivity and reversal of hepatic steatosis. On the other hand, simple withdrawal from high-sucrose consumption also promoted the abovementioned metabolic outcomes with no impact on body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela Maria Lopes Sousa
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Nathalee Liberal Xavier Ribeiro
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Bruno Araújo Serra Pinto
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Jonas Rodrigues Sanches
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Mariana Uchôa da Silva
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil
| | - Caio Fernando Ferreira Coêlho
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Lucas Martins França
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - José Albuquerque de Figueiredo Neto
- 2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil.,3Department of Medicine I, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
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Hong KS, Yun SM, Cho JM, Lee DY, Ji SD, Son JG, Kim EH. Silkworm ( Bombyx mori ) powder supplementation alleviates alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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