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Ritelli M, Chiarelli N, Cinquina V, Bertini V, Piantoni S, Caproli A, Della Pinna SEL, Franceschini F, Zarattini G, Gandy W, Venturini M, Zoppi N, Colombi M. Bridging the Diagnostic Gap for Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders: Evidence of a Common Extracellular Matrix Fragmentation Pattern in Patient Plasma as a Potential Biomarker. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63857. [PMID: 39225014 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Diagnosing hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD), common overlapping multisystemic conditions featuring symptomatic joint hypermobility, is challenging due to lack of established causes and diagnostic tools. Currently, the 2017 diagnostic criteria for hEDS are used, with non-qualifying cases classified as HSD, although the distinction remains debated. We previously showed extracellular matrix (ECM) disorganization in both hEDS and HSD dermal fibroblasts involving fibronectin (FN), type I collagen (COLLI), and tenascin (TN), with matrix metalloproteinase-generated fragments in conditioned media. Here, we investigated these fragments in patient plasma using Western blotting across diverse cohorts, including patients with hEDS, HSD, classical EDS (cEDS), vascular EDS (vEDS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and osteoarthritis (OA), and healthy donors, uncovering distinctive patterns. Notably, hEDS/HSD displayed a shared FN and COLLI fragment signature, supporting their classification as a single disorder and prompting reconsideration of the hEDS criteria. Our results hold the promise for the first blood test for diagnosing hEDS/HSD, present insights into the pathomechanisms, and open the door for therapeutic trials focused on restoring ECM homeostasis using an objective marker. Additionally, our findings offer potential biomarkers also for OA, RA, and PsA, advancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in these prevalent joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ritelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Chiarelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valeria Cinquina
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valeria Bertini
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Piantoni
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ERN-ReCONNET), Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessia Caproli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ERN-ReCONNET), Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Ebe Lucia Della Pinna
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ERN-ReCONNET), Brescia, Italy
| | - Franco Franceschini
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ERN-ReCONNET), Brescia, Italy
| | - Guido Zarattini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Unit, Manerbio Hospital, ASST Garda, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Marina Venturini
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, European Network for Rare Skin Disorders (ERN-Skin), Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zoppi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, European Network for Rare Skin Disorders (ERN-Skin), Brescia, Italy
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2
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Miao MZ, Lee JS, Yamada KM, Loeser RF. Integrin signalling in joint development, homeostasis and osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:492-509. [PMID: 39014254 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Integrins are key regulators of cell-matrix interactions during joint development and joint tissue homeostasis, as well as in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The signalling cascades initiated by the interactions of integrins with a complex network of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and intracellular adaptor proteins orchestrate cellular responses necessary for maintaining joint tissue integrity. Dysregulated integrin signalling, triggered by matrix degradation products such as matrikines, disrupts this delicate balance, tipping the scales towards an environment conducive to OA pathogenesis. The interplay between integrin signalling and growth factor pathways further underscores the multifaceted nature of OA. Moreover, emerging insights into the role of endocytic trafficking in regulating integrin signalling add a new layer of complexity to the understanding of OA development. To harness the therapeutic potential of targeting integrins for mitigation of OA, comprehensive understanding of their molecular mechanisms across joint tissues is imperative. Ultimately, deciphering the complexities of integrin signalling will advance the ability to treat OA and alleviate its global burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Z Miao
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Janice S Lee
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Richard F Loeser
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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3
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Bittner N, Shi C, Zhao D, Ding J, Southam L, Swift D, Kreitmaier P, Tutino M, Stergiou O, Cheung JTS, Katsoula G, Hankinson J, Wilkinson JM, Orozco G, Zeggini E. Primary osteoarthritis chondrocyte map of chromatin conformation reveals novel candidate effector genes. Ann Rheum Dis 2024; 83:1048-1059. [PMID: 38479789 PMCID: PMC11287644 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoarthritis is a complex disease with a huge public health burden. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of osteoarthritis-associated sequence variants, but the effector genes underpinning these signals remain largely elusive. Understanding chromosome organisation in three-dimensional (3D) space is essential for identifying long-range contacts between distant genomic features (e.g., between genes and regulatory elements), in a tissue-specific manner. Here, we generate the first whole genome chromosome conformation analysis (Hi-C) map of primary osteoarthritis chondrocytes and identify novel candidate effector genes for the disease. METHODS Primary chondrocytes collected from 8 patients with knee osteoarthritis underwent Hi-C analysis to link chromosomal structure to genomic sequence. The identified loops were then combined with osteoarthritis GWAS results and epigenomic data from primary knee osteoarthritis chondrocytes to identify variants involved in gene regulation via enhancer-promoter interactions. RESULTS We identified 345 genetic variants residing within chromatin loop anchors that are associated with 77 osteoarthritis GWAS signals. Ten of these variants reside directly in enhancer regions of 10 newly described active enhancer-promoter loops, identified with multiomics analysis of publicly available chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) data from primary knee chondrocyte cells, pointing to two new candidate effector genes SPRY4 and PAPPA (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A) as well as further support for the gene SLC44A2 known to be involved in osteoarthritis. For example, PAPPA is directly associated with the turnover of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) proteins, and IGF-1 is an important factor in the repair of damaged chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS We have constructed the first Hi-C map of primary human chondrocytes and have made it available as a resource for the scientific community. By integrating 3D genomics with large-scale genetic association and epigenetic data, we identify novel candidate effector genes for osteoarthritis, which enhance our understanding of disease and can serve as putative high-value novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Bittner
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chenfu Shi
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Danyun Zhao
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James Ding
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Diane Swift
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Peter Kreitmaier
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
- Graduate School of Experimental Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
- TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, München, Germany
| | - Mauro Tutino
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Odysseas Stergiou
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Georgia Katsoula
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
- Graduate School of Experimental Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
- TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, München, Germany
| | - Jenny Hankinson
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Gisela Orozco
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany
- TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, München, Germany
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4
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Chen BY, Pathak JL, Lin HY, Guo WQ, Chen WJ, Luo G, Wang LJ, Sun XF, Ding Y, Li J, Diekwisch TGH, Liu C. Inflammation Triggers Chondrocyte Ferroptosis in TMJOA via HIF-1α/TFRC. J Dent Res 2024; 103:712-722. [PMID: 38766865 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241242389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and loss of articular cartilage are considered the major cause of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA), a painful condition of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). To determine the cause of TMJ osteoarthritis in these patients, synovial fluid of TMJOA patients was compared prior to and after hyaluronic lavage, revealing substantially elevated levels of interleukin (IL) 1β, reactive oxidative stress (ROS), and an overload of Fe3+ and Fe2+ prior to lavage, indicative of ferroptosis as a mode of chondrocyte cell death. To ask whether prolonged inflammatory conditions resulted in ferroptosis-like transformation in vitro, we subjected TMJ chondrocytes to IL-1β treatment, resulting in a shift in messenger RNA sequencing gene ontologies related to iron homeostasis and oxidative stress-related cell death. Exposure to rat unilateral anterior crossbite conditions resulted in reduced COL2A1 expression, fewer chondrocytes, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) downregulation, and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) upregulation, an effect that was reversed after intra-articular injections of the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin 1 (Fer-1). Our study demonstrated that ferroptosis conditions affected mitochondrial structure and function, while the inhibitor Fer-1 restored mitochondrial structure and the inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) or the transferrin receptor 1 (TFRC) rescued IL-1β-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Inhibition of HIF-1α downregulated IL-1β-induced TFRC expression, while inhibition of TFRC did not downregulate IL-1β-induced HIF-1α expression in chondrocytes. Moreover, inhibition of HIF-1α or TFRC downregulated the IL-1β-induced MMP13 expression in chondrocytes, while inhibition of HIF-1α or TFRC rescued IL-1β-inhibited COL2A1 expression in chondrocytes. Furthermore, upregulation of TFRC promoted Fe2+ entry into chondrocytes, inducing the Fenton reaction and lipid peroxidation, which in turn caused ferroptosis, a disruption in chondrocyte functions, and an exacerbation of condylar cartilage degeneration. Together, these findings illustrate the far-reaching effects of chondrocyte ferroptosis in TMJOA as a mechanism causing chondrocyte death through iron overload, oxidative stress, and articular cartilage degeneration and a potential major cause of TMJOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J L Pathak
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H Y Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - W Q Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - W J Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - G Luo
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L J Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X F Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Ding
- School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - T G H Diekwisch
- School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - C Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Kramer NE, Coryell P, D'Costa S, Thulson E, Byun S, Kim H, Parkus SM, Bond ML, Shine J, Chubinskaya S, Love MI, Mohlke KL, Diekman BO, Loeser RF, Phanstiel DH. Response eQTLs, chromatin accessibility, and 3D chromatin structure in chondrocytes provide mechanistic insight into osteoarthritis risk. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.05.592567. [PMID: 38952796 PMCID: PMC11216363 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.05.592567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) poses a significant healthcare burden with limited treatment options. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 100 OA-associated loci, translating these findings into therapeutic targets remains challenging. Integrating expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), 3D chromatin structure, and other genomic approaches with OA GWAS data offers a promising approach to elucidate disease mechanisms; however, comprehensive eQTL maps in OA-relevant tissues and conditions remain scarce. We mapped gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and 3D chromatin structure in primary human articular chondrocytes in both resting and OA-mimicking conditions. We identified thousands of differentially expressed genes, including those associated with differences in sex and age. RNA-seq in chondrocytes from 101 donors across two conditions uncovered 3782 unique eGenes, including 420 that exhibited strong and significant condition-specific effects. Colocalization with OA GWAS signals revealed 13 putative OA risk genes, 10 of which have not been previously identified. Chromatin accessibility and 3D chromatin structure provided insights into the mechanisms and conditional specificity of these variants. Our findings shed light on OA pathogenesis and highlight potential targets for therapeutic development. Highlights ∘ Comprehensive analysis of sex- and age-related global gene expression in human chondrocytes revealed differences that correlate with osteoarthritis ∘ First response eQTLs in chondrocytes treated with an OA-related stimulus ∘ Deeply sequenced Hi-C in resting and activated chondrocytes helps connect OA risk variants to their putative causal genes ∘ Colocalization analysis reveals 13 (including 10 novel) putative OA risk genes.
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6
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Fan X, Sun AR, Young RSE, Afara IO, Hamilton BR, Ong LJY, Crawford R, Prasadam I. Spatial analysis of the osteoarthritis microenvironment: techniques, insights, and applications. Bone Res 2024; 12:7. [PMID: 38311627 PMCID: PMC10838951 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating degenerative disease affecting multiple joint tissues, including cartilage, bone, synovium, and adipose tissues. OA presents diverse clinical phenotypes and distinct molecular endotypes, including inflammatory, metabolic, mechanical, genetic, and synovial variants. Consequently, innovative technologies are needed to support the development of effective diagnostic and precision therapeutic approaches. Traditional analysis of bulk OA tissue extracts has limitations due to technical constraints, causing challenges in the differentiation between various physiological and pathological phenotypes in joint tissues. This issue has led to standardization difficulties and hindered the success of clinical trials. Gaining insights into the spatial variations of the cellular and molecular structures in OA tissues, encompassing DNA, RNA, metabolites, and proteins, as well as their chemical properties, elemental composition, and mechanical attributes, can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the disease subtypes. Spatially resolved biology enables biologists to investigate cells within the context of their tissue microenvironment, providing a more holistic view of cellular function. Recent advances in innovative spatial biology techniques now allow intact tissue sections to be examined using various -omics lenses, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, with spatial data. This fusion of approaches provides researchers with critical insights into the molecular composition and functions of the cells and tissues at precise spatial coordinates. Furthermore, advanced imaging techniques, including high-resolution microscopy, hyperspectral imaging, and mass spectrometry imaging, enable the visualization and analysis of the spatial distribution of biomolecules, cells, and tissues. Linking these molecular imaging outputs to conventional tissue histology can facilitate a more comprehensive characterization of disease phenotypes. This review summarizes the recent advancements in the molecular imaging modalities and methodologies for in-depth spatial analysis. It explores their applications, challenges, and potential opportunities in the field of OA. Additionally, this review provides a perspective on the potential research directions for these contemporary approaches that can meet the requirements of clinical diagnoses and the establishment of therapeutic targets for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei Fan
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Antonia Rujia Sun
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Reuben S E Young
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Isaac O Afara
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett R Hamilton
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Louis Jun Ye Ong
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ross Crawford
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Indira Prasadam
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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7
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Zhang X, Pu X, Pi C, Xie J. The role of fibroblast growth factor 7 in cartilage development and diseases. Life Sci 2023:121804. [PMID: 37245839 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7), also known as keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), shows a crucial biological significance in tissue development, wound repair, tumorigenesis, and immune reconstruction. In the skeletal system, FGF7 directs the cellular synaptic extension of individual cells and facilities functional gap junction intercellular communication of a collective of cells. Moreover, it promotes the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells via a cytoplasmic signaling network. For cartilage, reports have indicated the potential role of FGF7 on the regulation of key molecules Cx43 in cartilage and Runx2 in hypertrophic cartilage. However, the molecular mechanism of FGF7 in chondrocyte behaviors and cartilage pathological process remains largely unknown. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent biological function of FGF7 and its regulatory role on chondrocytes and cartilage diseases, especially through the hot focus of two key molecules, Runx2 and Cx43. The current knowledge of FGF7 on the physiological and pathological processes of chondrocytes and cartilage provides us new cues for wound repair of cartilage defect and therapy of cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohua Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixia Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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8
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Richard D, Capellini TD, Diekman BO. Epigenetics as a mediator of genetic risk in osteoarthritis: role during development, homeostasis, aging, and disease progression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C1078-C1088. [PMID: 36971423 PMCID: PMC10191130 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00574.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The identification of genomic loci that are associated with osteoarthritis (OA) has provided a starting point for understanding how genetic variation activates catabolic processes in the joint. However, genetic variants can only alter gene expression and cellular function when the epigenetic environment is permissive to these effects. In this review, we provide examples of how epigenetic shifts at distinct life stages can alter the risk for OA, which we posit is critical for the proper interpretation of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). During development, intensive work on the growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) locus has revealed the importance of tissue-specific enhancer activity in controlling both joint development and the subsequent risk for OA. During homeostasis in adults, underlying genetic risk factors may help establish beneficial or catabolic "set points" that dictate tissue function, with a strong cumulative effect on OA risk. During aging, methylation changes and the reorganization of chromatin can "unmask" the effects of genetic variants. The destructive function of variants that alter aging would only mediate effects after reproductive competence and thus avoid any evolutionary selection pressure, as consistent with larger frameworks of biological aging and its relationship to disease. A similar "unmasking" may occur during OA progression, which is supported by the finding of distinct expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in chondrocytes depending on the degree of tissue degradation. Finally, we propose that massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) will be a valuable tool to test the function of putative OA GWAS variants in chondrocytes from different life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Richard
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Terence D Capellini
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Brian O Diekman
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
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9
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van Hoolwerff M, Tuerlings M, Wijnen IJL, Suchiman HED, Cats D, Mei H, Nelissen RGHH, van der Linden-van der Zwaag HMJ, Ramos YFM, Coutinho de Almeida R, Meulenbelt I. Identification and functional characterization of imbalanced osteoarthritis-associated fibronectin splice variants. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:894-904. [PMID: 35532170 PMCID: PMC9891405 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify FN1 transcripts associated with OA pathophysiology and investigate the downstream effects of modulating FN1 expression and relative transcript ratio. METHODS FN1 transcriptomic data was obtained from our previously assessed RNA-seq dataset of lesioned and preserved OA cartilage samples from the Research osteoArthritis Articular Cartilage (RAAK) study. Differential transcript expression analysis was performed on all 27 FN1 transcripts annotated in the Ensembl database. Human primary chondrocytes were transduced with lentiviral particles containing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting full-length FN1 transcripts or non-targeting shRNA. Subsequently, matrix deposition was induced in our 3D in vitro neo-cartilage model. Effects of changes in the FN1 transcript ratio on sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) deposition were investigated by Alcian blue staining and dimethylmethylene blue assay. Moreover, gene expression levels of 17 cartilage-relevant markers were determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We identified 16 FN1 transcripts differentially expressed between lesioned and preserved cartilage. FN1-208, encoding migration-stimulating factor, was the most significantly differentially expressed protein coding transcript. Downregulation of full-length FN1 and a concomitant increased FN1-208 ratio resulted in decreased sGAG deposition as well as decreased ACAN and COL2A1 and increased ADAMTS-5, ITGB1 and ITGB5 gene expression levels. CONCLUSION We show that full-length FN1 downregulation and concomitant relative FN1-208 upregulation was unbeneficial for deposition of cartilage matrix, likely due to decreased availability of the classical RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) integrin-binding site of fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margo Tuerlings
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology
| | - Imke J L Wijnen
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology
| | - H Eka D Suchiman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology
| | | | | | - Rob G H H Nelissen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yolande F M Ramos
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology
| | | | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology
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10
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RNA-Seq of Dermal Fibroblasts from Patients with Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders Supports Their Categorization as a Single Entity with Involvement of Extracellular Matrix Degrading and Proinflammatory Pathomechanisms. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244040. [PMID: 36552803 PMCID: PMC9777098 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) are clinically overlapping connective tissue disorders of unknown etiology and without any validated diagnostic biomarker and specific therapies. Herein, we in-depth characterized the cellular phenotype and gene expression profile of hEDS and HSD dermal fibroblasts by immunofluorescence, amplicon-based RNA-seq, and qPCR. We demonstrated that both cell types show a common cellular trait, i.e., generalized extracellular matrix (ECM) disarray, myofibroblast differentiation, and dysregulated gene expression. Functional enrichment and pathway analyses clustered gene expression changes in different biological networks that are likely relevant for the disease pathophysiology. Specifically, the complex gene expression dysregulation (mainly involving growth factors, structural ECM components, ECM-modifying enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins, and different signal transducers), is expected to perturb many ECM-related processes including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Based on these findings, we propose a disease model in which an unbalanced ECM remodeling triggers a vicious cycle with a synergistic contribution of ECM degradation products and proinflammatory mediators leading to a functional impairment of different connective tissues reflecting the multisystemic presentation of hEDS/HSD patients. Our results offer many promising clues for translational research aimed to define molecular bases, diagnostic biomarkers, and specific therapies for these challenging connective tissue disorders.
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11
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Thulson E, Davis ES, D’Costa S, Coryell PR, Kramer NE, Mohlke KL, Loeser RF, Diekman BO, Phanstiel DH. 3D chromatin structure in chondrocytes identifies putative osteoarthritis risk genes. Genetics 2022; 222:iyac141. [PMID: 36099032 PMCID: PMC9713432 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified over 100 loci associated with osteoarthritis risk, but the majority of osteoarthritis risk variants are noncoding, making it difficult to identify the impacted genes for further study and therapeutic development. To address this need, we used a multiomic approach and genome editing to identify and functionally characterize potential osteoarthritis risk genes. Computational analysis of genome-wide association studies and ChIP-seq data revealed that chondrocyte regulatory loci are enriched for osteoarthritis risk variants. We constructed a chondrocyte-specific regulatory network by mapping 3D chromatin structure and active enhancers in human chondrocytes. We then intersected these data with our previously collected RNA-seq dataset of chondrocytes responding to fibronectin fragment, a known osteoarthritis trigger. Integration of the 3 genomic datasets with recently reported osteoarthritis genome-wide association study variants revealed a refined set of putative causal osteoarthritis variants and their potential target genes. One of the putative target genes identified was SOCS2, which was connected to a putative causal variant by a 170-kb loop and is differentially regulated in response to fibronectin fragment. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of SOCS2 in primary human chondrocytes from 3 independent donors led to heightened expression of inflammatory markers after fibronectin fragment treatment. These data suggest that SOCS2 plays a role in resolving inflammation in response to cartilage matrix damage and provides a possible mechanistic explanation for its influence on osteoarthritis risk. In total, we identified 56 unique putative osteoarthritis risk genes for further research and potential therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Thulson
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eric S Davis
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Susan D’Costa
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Philip R Coryell
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nicole E Kramer
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Richard F Loeser
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Brian O Diekman
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Douglas H Phanstiel
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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12
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Zhang Y, Huang X, Qi B, Sun C, Sun K, Liu N, Zhu L, Wei X. Ferroptosis and musculoskeletal diseases: “Iron Maiden” cell death may be a promising therapeutic target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:972753. [PMID: 36304454 PMCID: PMC9595130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.972753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death precisely regulated by iron metabolism, antioxidant processes, and lipid metabolism that plays an irreplaceable role in the development of many diseases. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSKs), including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, sarcopenia, and rhabdomyolysis, have become one of the most common causes of disability and a major burden on public health and social care systems. The mechanism of ferroptosis in MSKs has recently been elucidated. In this review, we briefly introduce the ferroptosis mechanism and illustrate the pathological roles of ferroptosis in MSKs with a focus on how ferroptosis can be exploited as a promising treatment strategy. Notably, because the toxicity of compounds that inhibit or induce ferroptosis in other organs is largely unknown, ferroptosis appears to be a double-edged sword. We point out that more research is needed in the future to verify the therapeutic effects based on ferroptosis in MSKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyu Qi
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanrui Sun
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liguo Zhu, ; Xu Wei,
| | - Xu Wei
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liguo Zhu, ; Xu Wei,
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13
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Matrix Metalloproteinases Inhibition by Doxycycline Rescues Extracellular Matrix Organization and Partly Reverts Myofibroblast Differentiation in Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Dermal Fibroblasts: A Potential Therapeutic Target? Cells 2021; 10:cells10113236. [PMID: 34831458 PMCID: PMC8621259 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) is the most frequent type of EDS and is characterized by generalized joint hypermobility and musculoskeletal manifestations which are associated with chronic pain, and mild skin involvement along with the presence of more than a few comorbid conditions. Despite numerous research efforts, no causative gene(s) or validated biomarkers have been identified and insights into the disease-causing mechanisms remain scarce. Variability in the spectrum and severity of symptoms and progression of hEDS patients’ phenotype likely depend on a combination of age, gender, lifestyle, and the probable multitude of genes involved in hEDS. However, considering the clinical overlap with other EDS forms, which lead to abnormalities in extracellular matrix (ECM), it is plausible that the mechanisms underlying hEDS pathogenesis also affect the ECM to a certain extent. Herein, we performed a series of in vitro studies on the secretome of hEDS dermal fibroblasts that revealed a matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) dysfunction as one of the major disease drivers by causing a detrimental feedback loop of excessive ECM degradation coupled with myofibroblast differentiation. We demonstrated that doxycycline-mediated inhibition of MMPs rescues in hEDS cells a control-like ECM organization and induces a partial reversal of their myofibroblast-like features, thus offering encouraging clues for translational studies confirming MMPs as a potential therapeutic target in hEDS with the expectation to improve patients’ quality of life and alleviate their disabilities.
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14
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van Hoolwerff M, Rodríguez Ruiz A, Bouma M, Suchiman HED, Koning RI, Jost CR, Mulder AA, Freund C, Guilak F, Ramos YFM, Meulenbelt I. High-impact FN1 mutation decreases chondrogenic potential and affects cartilage deposition via decreased binding to collagen type II. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg8583. [PMID: 34739320 PMCID: PMC8570604 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg8583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent joint disease worldwide, yet progress in development of effective disease-modifying treatments is slow because of lack of insight into the underlying disease pathways. Therefore, we aimed to identify the causal pathogenic mutation in an early-onset osteoarthritis family, followed by functional studies in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in an in vitro organoid cartilage model. We demonstrated that the identified causal missense mutation in the gelatin-binding domain of the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin resulted in significant decreased binding capacity to collagen type II. Further analyses of formed hiPSC-derived neo-cartilage tissue highlighted that mutated fibronectin affected chondrogenic capacity and propensity to a procatabolic osteoarthritic state. Together, we demonstrate that binding of fibronectin to collagen type II is crucial for fibronectin downstream gene expression of chondrocytes. We advocate that effective treatment development should focus on restoring or maintaining proper binding between fibronectin and collagen type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella van Hoolwerff
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez Ruiz
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marga Bouma
- LUMC hiPSC Hotel, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - H. Eka D. Suchiman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Roman I. Koning
- Section Electron Microscopy, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Carolina R. Jost
- Section Electron Microscopy, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Aat A. Mulder
- Section Electron Microscopy, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Christian Freund
- LUMC hiPSC Hotel, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University and Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yolande F. M. Ramos
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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15
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Hwang JJ, Choi J, Rim YA, Nam Y, Ju JH. Application of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease Modeling and 3D Model Construction: Focus on Osteoarthritis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113032. [PMID: 34831254 PMCID: PMC8622662 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in 2006, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have shown promising potential, specifically because of their accessibility and plasticity. Hence, the clinical applicability of iPSCs was investigated in various fields of research. However, only a few iPSC studies pertaining to osteoarthritis (OA) have been performed so far, despite the high prevalence rate of degenerative joint disease. In this review, we discuss some of the most recent applications of iPSCs in disease modeling and the construction of 3D models in various fields, specifically focusing on osteoarthritis and OA-related conditions. Notably, we comprehensively reviewed the successful results of iPSC-derived disease models in recapitulating OA phenotypes for both OA and early-onset OA to encompass their broad etiology. Moreover, the latest publications with protocols that have used iPSCs to construct 3D models in recapitulating various conditions, particularly the OA environment, were further discussed. With the overall optimistic results seen in both fields, iPSCs are expected to be more widely used for OA disease modeling and 3D model construction, which could further expand OA drug screening, risk assessment, and therapeutic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Jihwan Hwang
- College of Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA;
| | - Jinhyeok Choi
- YiPSCELL, Inc., 39 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06579, Korea; (J.C.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yeri Alice Rim
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Yoojun Nam
- YiPSCELL, Inc., 39 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06579, Korea; (J.C.); (Y.N.)
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- YiPSCELL, Inc., 39 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06579, Korea; (J.C.); (Y.N.)
- Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence:
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16
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Dieterle MP, Husari A, Rolauffs B, Steinberg T, Tomakidi P. Integrins, cadherins and channels in cartilage mechanotransduction: perspectives for future regeneration strategies. Expert Rev Mol Med 2021; 23:e14. [PMID: 34702419 PMCID: PMC8724267 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2021.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage consists of hyaline cartilage, is a major constituent of the human musculoskeletal system and has critical functions in frictionless joint movement and articular homoeostasis. Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory disease of articular cartilage, which promotes joint degeneration. Although it affects millions of people, there are no satisfying therapies that address this disease at the molecular level. Therefore, tissue regeneration approaches aim at modifying chondrocyte biology to mitigate the consequences of OA. This requires appropriate biochemical and biophysical stimulation of cells. Regarding the latter, mechanotransduction of chondrocytes and their precursor cells has become increasingly important over the last few decades. Mechanotransduction is the transformation of external biophysical stimuli into intracellular biochemical signals, involving sensor molecules at the cell surface and intracellular signalling molecules, so-called mechano-sensors and -transducers. These signalling events determine cell behaviour. Mechanotransducing ion channels and gap junctions additionally govern chondrocyte physiology. It is of great scientific and medical interest to induce a specific cell behaviour by controlling these mechanotransduction pathways and to translate this knowledge into regenerative clinical therapies. This review therefore focuses on the mechanotransduction properties of integrins, cadherins and ion channels in cartilaginous tissues to provide perspectives for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Philipp Dieterle
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ayman Husari
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Medical Center – Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106Freiburg, Germany
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Lindberg MF, Meijer L. Dual-Specificity, Tyrosine Phosphorylation-Regulated Kinases (DYRKs) and cdc2-Like Kinases (CLKs) in Human Disease, an Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6047. [PMID: 34205123 PMCID: PMC8199962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRK1A, 1B, 2-4) and cdc2-like kinases (CLK1-4) belong to the CMGC group of serine/threonine kinases. These protein kinases are involved in multiple cellular functions, including intracellular signaling, mRNA splicing, chromatin transcription, DNA damage repair, cell survival, cell cycle control, differentiation, homocysteine/methionine/folate regulation, body temperature regulation, endocytosis, neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, etc. Abnormal expression and/or activity of some of these kinases, DYRK1A in particular, is seen in many human nervous system diseases, such as cognitive deficits associated with Down syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and related diseases, tauopathies, dementia, Pick's disease, Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, Phelan-McDermid syndrome, autism, and CDKL5 deficiency disorder. DYRKs and CLKs are also involved in diabetes, abnormal folate/methionine metabolism, osteoarthritis, several solid cancers (glioblastoma, breast, and pancreatic cancers) and leukemias (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute megakaryoblastic leukemia), viral infections (influenza, HIV-1, HCMV, HCV, CMV, HPV), as well as infections caused by unicellular parasites (Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Plasmodium). This variety of pathological implications calls for (1) a better understanding of the regulations and substrates of DYRKs and CLKs and (2) the development of potent and selective inhibitors of these kinases and their evaluation as therapeutic drugs. This article briefly reviews the current knowledge about DYRK/CLK kinases and their implications in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Meijer
- Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Peninsula, 29680 Roscoff, France;
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