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Martins DCM, da Costa Sousa MG, Silva PAO, Aguiar LR, de Andrade RV, Silva-Carvalho AÉ, Saldanha-Araújo F, Franco OL, Rezende TMB. Association between host defence peptide IDR-1002 and ciprofloxacin: Effects on human dental pulp cells. AUST ENDOD J 2024. [PMID: 38963178 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of the association of host defence peptide IDR-1002 and ciprofloxacin on human dental pulp cells (hDPSCs). hDPSCs were stimulated with ciprofloxacin and IDR-1002. Cell viability (by MTT assay), migration capacity (by scratch assay), production of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators by hDPSCs (RT-PCR) and osteogenic differentiation (alizarin red staining) were evaluated. Phenotypic profile of hDPSCs demonstrated 97% for positive marked mesenchymal stem cell. Increased pulp cell migration and proliferation were observed after 24 and 48 h of exposure to IDR-1002 with ciprofloxacin. Mineral matrix formation by hDPSCs was observed of the association while its reduction was observed in the presence of peptide. After 24 h, the association between ciprofloxacin and IDR-1002 significantly downregulated TNFRSF-1, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6 and IL-10 gene expression (p ≤ 0.0001). The association between the IDR-1002 and ciprofloxacin showed favourable immunomodulatory potential, emerging as a promising option for pulp revascularisation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo César Mota Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Maurício Gonçalves da Costa Sousa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, OHSU School of Dentistry, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Lana Ribeiro Aguiar
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Vieira de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Saldanha-Araújo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Taia Maria Berto Rezende
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Miranda DG, Ramos LDP, Attik N, Pereira TC, de Oliveira LD, Marcucci MC, Rodrigues FP, Back Brito GN, Carrouel F. Pfaffia paniculata Extract, a Potential Antimicrobial Agent against Candida spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus mutans Biofilms. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1165. [PMID: 38930547 PMCID: PMC11205454 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has prioritized developing new drugs against specific bacteria and fungi, such as Enterobacteriaceae and Candida spp. While Pfaffia paniculata is commonly called the "cure-everything", its scientifically proven benefits are limited to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. Therefore, this study aims to determine the spectrum of antimicrobial activity of Pfaffia paniculata and assess its cytotoxicity. Thus, broth microdilution test was conducted according to the CLSI M7-A9 and M27-A3 reference methods. After screening, microbial species with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were selected for biofilm tests. These tests evaluated biomass using the crystal violet (CV) test, metabolic activity using the MTT assay, and structural analysis via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Cytotoxicity was evaluated in human gingival fibroblasts (FMM-1). There were reductions of 29.4 and 42.7% in CV and MTT assays for Candida spp. biofilm. S. mutans and P. aeruginosa biofilms showed a decrease of 15.7 and 28.6%, respectively. Cell viability tests indicated 55.1, 56.9, and 65.5% of viability after contact with 1.93, 0.96, and 0.48 mg/mL of the extract, respectively. The P. paniculata extract showed antimicrobial action, displayed MIC values, and antibiofilm action on P. aeruginosa, S. mutans, and C. albicans. The cytotoxicity on the FMM-1 cell line was dose-dependent. Therefore, P. paniculata extract holds significant potential for developing new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Garcia Miranda
- Multimaterials and Interfaces Laboratory (LMI), CNRS UMR 5615, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 6 rue Victor Grignard, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;
- Faculté d’Odontologie, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69008 Lyon, France
- Laboratory “Health Systemic Process” (P2S), UR4129, Faculty of Medicine Laennec, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69008 Lyon, France;
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil (L.D.d.O.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Lucas de Paula Ramos
- Laboratory “Health Systemic Process” (P2S), UR4129, Faculty of Medicine Laennec, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69008 Lyon, France;
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil (L.D.d.O.); (M.C.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Paulista University, Highway President Dutra km 157, São José dos Campos 12240-420, SP, Brazil
| | - Nina Attik
- Multimaterials and Interfaces Laboratory (LMI), CNRS UMR 5615, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 6 rue Victor Grignard, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;
- Faculté d’Odontologie, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Thaís Cristine Pereira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil (L.D.d.O.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil (L.D.d.O.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Maria Cristina Marcucci
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil (L.D.d.O.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Flavia Pires Rodrigues
- Oral Biology Division, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK
| | | | - Florence Carrouel
- Faculté d’Odontologie, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69008 Lyon, France
- Laboratory “Health Systemic Process” (P2S), UR4129, Faculty of Medicine Laennec, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69008 Lyon, France;
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Alghofaily M, Alfraih J, Alsaud A, Almazrua N, Sumague TS, Auda SH, Alsalleeh F. The Effectiveness of Silver Nanoparticles Mixed with Calcium Hydroxide against Candida albicans: An Ex Vivo Analysis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:289. [PMID: 38399693 PMCID: PMC10891542 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to assess the antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in combination with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) against Candida albicans (C. albicans). METHODS AgNPs was mixed with pure Ca(OH)2 powder in an aqueous base. A standard suspension (1 × 108 bacterial cells/mL) of C. albicans was prepared in a 96-well plate and incubated on shaker at 37 °C in 100% humidity to allow fungal biofilm formation in infected dentin slices (n = 98). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of AgNPs alone or with Ca(OH)2 were determined. The samples were separately placed in 24-well tissue culture plates and divided into three experimental groups (0.03, 0.04, and 0.06) and three control groups; negative (saline) and positive chlorhexidine gel and Ca(OH)2. Quantitative measurements of fungal activity by XTT colorimetric assay and qualitative measurements using confocal laser microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were performed. RESULTS The cell viability of C. albicans in the experimental groups was significantly reduced compared to the negative control group. The combination of (AgNPs (0.04%) and Ca(OH)2) was the most potent against C. albicans. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrated that combining silver nanoparticles with Ca(OH)2 was more effective against C. albicans biofilm compared to Ca(OH)2 alone, suggesting a combing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alghofaily
- Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jood Alfraih
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (J.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Aljohara Alsaud
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (J.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Norah Almazrua
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (J.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Terrence S. Sumague
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Prince Naif Bin AbdulAziz Health Research Center, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sayed H. Auda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahd Alsalleeh
- Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
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Hasan A, Roome T, Wahid M, Ansari SA, Khan JA, Kiyani A, Jilani SNA. A novel experimental model to investigate fungal involvement shows expression of Dectin-1 in periapical lesion pathogenesis. J Oral Rehabil 2023; 50:1043-1057. [PMID: 37263973 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida albicans is linked to persistent endodontic lesions. However, the recognition receptor that identifies it is not explored previously. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to (1) establish a zymosan-induced model of apical periodontitis in mouse, (2) observe the expression of Dectin-1 and its possible relationship with toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and (3) observe relationship between Osteopontin (OPN) and inflammatory cytokines. METHODS A total of 138 Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were randomly divided into; Experimental Group n = 69 and Zymosan Group n = 69. Periapical periodontitis was developed in right maxillary molar. The animals were sacrificed at 7, 21 and 42 days. Bone blocks containing the mesial root (n = 15 for qRT-PCR, n = 45 for enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA)) were collected for mRNA expression and ELISA. While whole maxilla (n = 3 from each time interval) were used for histology and immunohistochemical analysis. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tuckey's posthoc was used for statistical analysis at p ≤ .05. RESULTS TLR-2, Dectin-1 and TLR4-positive cells was detected at all time intervals in both groups. A strong positive correlation was observed between TLR-2 and Dectin-1 in both lesions (regular r = .680, p = .015, zymosan (r = .861, p < .001)). A significant correlation was found between OPN and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in zymosan lesion (r = .827, p = .001). CONCLUSIONS Immune cells of inflamed periapical tissue expressed Dectin-1 receptor in response to the microbial challenge from infected root canals and showed positive correlation with TLR-2 and OPN suggesting a possible receptor collaboration mediated by OPN. The expression of OPN and TNF-α showed positive correlation in response to fungal antigen, indicating a possible relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Hasan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Talat Roome
- Department of Pathology, Section Molecular Pathology, Dow International Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dow Institute for Advanced Biological and Animal Research, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Wahid
- Department of Pathology, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Akbar Ansari
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Ali Khan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amber Kiyani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnosis, Islamic International dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Neha Ahmed Jilani
- Dow Institute for Advanced Biological and Animal Research, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Deng Z, Lin B, Liu F, Zhao W. Role of Enterococcus faecalis in refractory apical periodontitis: from pathogenicity to host cell response. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2184924. [PMID: 36891193 PMCID: PMC9987735 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2184924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refractory apical periodontitis (RAP) is an oral infectious disease characterised by persistent inflammation, progressive alveolar bone destruction, and delayed bone healing. RAP has received increasing attention, because it cannot be cured after repeated root canal therapies. The aetiology of RAP is related to the complex interplay between the pathogen and its host. However, the exact pathogenesis of RAP remains unclarified and includes several factors, such as microorganism immunogenicity, host immunity and inflammation, and tissue destruction and repair. Enterococcus faecalis is the dominant pathogen involved in RAP, and has evolved multiple strategies to ensure survival, which cause persistent intraradicular and extraradicular infections. OBJECTIVE To review the crucial role of E. faecalis in the pathogenesis of RAP, and open new avenues for prevention and treatment of RAP. METHODS The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for pertinent publications, employing the search terms "Enterococcus faecalis", "refractory apical periodontitis", "persistent periapical periodontitis", "pathogenicity", "virulence", "biofilm formation", "dentine tubule", "immune cell", "macrophage", and "osteoblast". RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Besides its high pathogenicity due to various virulence mechanisms, E. faecalis modulates the macrophage and osteoblast responses, including regulated cell death, cell polarisation, cell differentiation, and inflammatory response. An in-depth understanding of the multifaceted host cell responses modulated by E. faecalis will help to design potential future therapeutic strategies and overcome the challenges of sustained infection and delayed tissue healing in RAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Deng
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binbin Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Liu
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanghong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Dai X, Ma R, Jiang W, Deng Z, Chen L, Liang Y, Shao L, Zhao W. Enterococcus faecalis-Induced Macrophage Necroptosis Promotes Refractory Apical Periodontitis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0104522. [PMID: 35708336 PMCID: PMC9431707 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01045-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of residual bacteria, particularly Enterococcus faecalis, contributes to refractory periapical periodontitis, which still lacks effective therapy. The role of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)- and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL)-mediated necroptosis, a highly proinflammatory form of regulated cell death, has recently drawn much attention. However, the role of necroptosis in the pathogenesis of refractory periapical periodontitis remains unclear. We investigated whether the RIPK3/MLKL signaling pathway was activated in periapical lesion specimens obtained from patients diagnosed with refractory periapical periodontitis. RIPK3-deficient mice were then used to determine the role of necroptosis under this condition in vivo. We found that the phosphorylation levels of RIPK3 and MLKL were elevated in periapical lesion specimens of patients with refractory periapical periodontitis. In addition, necroptosis was induced in an E. faecalis-infected refractory periapical periodontitis mouse model, in which inhibition of necroptosis by RIPK3 deficiency could markedly alleviate inflammation and bone destruction. Moreover, double-labeling immunofluorescence suggested that macrophage necroptosis may be involved in the development of refractory periapical periodontitis. Then, we established an in vitro macrophage infection model with E. faecalis. E. faecalis infection was found to induce necroptotic cell death in macrophages through the RIPK3/MLKL signaling pathway, which was markedly alleviated by the RIPK3- or MLKL-specific inhibitor. Our study revealed that RIPK3/MLKL-mediated macrophage necroptosis contributes to the development of refractory periapical periodontitis and suggests that inhibitors or treatments targeting necroptosis represent a plausible strategy for the management of refractory periapical periodontitis. IMPORTANCE Oral infectious diseases represent a major neglected global population health challenge, imposing an increasing burden on public health and economy. Refractory apical periodontitis (RAP), mainly caused by Enterococcus faecalis, is a representative oral infectious disease with considerable therapeutic challenges. The interplay between E. faecalis and the host often leads to the activation of programmed cell death. This study identifies an important role of macrophage necroptosis induced by E. faecalis in the pathogenesis of RAP. Manipulating RIPK3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis may represent novel therapeutic targets, not only for RAP but also for other E. faecalis-associated infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhu Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongyang Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyi Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilong Deng
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuee Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanghong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Alshanta OA, Albashaireh K, McKloud E, Delaney C, Kean R, McLean W, Ramage G. Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis biofilm frenemies: When the relationship sours. Biofilm 2022; 4:100072. [PMID: 35313556 PMCID: PMC8933684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Om Alkhir Alshanta
- Glasgow Endodontology and Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Khawlah Albashaireh
- Glasgow Endodontology and Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Emily McKloud
- Glasgow Endodontology and Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Delaney
- Glasgow Endodontology and Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Kean
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - William McLean
- Glasgow Endodontology and Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Glasgow Endodontology and Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author.
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Antibiofilm and immunomodulatory resorbable nanofibrous filing for dental pulp regenerative procedures. Bioact Mater 2022; 16:173-186. [PMID: 35386316 PMCID: PMC8965695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Melo-Ferraz A, Coelho C, Miller P, Criado MB, Monteiro MC. Platelet activation and antimicrobial activity of L-PRF: a preliminary study. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4573-4580. [PMID: 34146200 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte and platelet rich fibrin (L-PRF) is one of the platelet concentrates used to support regeneration and healing process. Many studies showed possible immunological and antibacterial properties of L-PRF. We perform an in vitro study to analyze the effect of L-PRF on platelet activation, platelet-leukocytes interactions and antimicrobial activity, important components in the healing process. Molecular biomarkers related with platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte interactions were analyzed by means of flow cytometry when L-PRF exudate was added to whole blood platelets. L-PRF membrane was used to evaluate antimicrobial activity using Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Candida albicans (ATCC 90028). Our experimental design allows to evaluate platelet activation and analyze molecular biomarkers of other immune cells and platelet-leukocyte interactions. From the results obtained we can conclude that L-PRF can be a valuable tool in healing process, efficient in activating platelets of whole blood and inhibiting microbial growth. In our opinion, the use of L-PRF exudate, in addition to L-PRF membrane, presents some advantages that have to be considered in clinical trials. Additional research on the characterization and quantification of cells and its products present in the L-PRF exudate, as well as on the temporal factor released. Also, further studies using strains isolated from clinical cases are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Melo-Ferraz
- IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technology, CESPU-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585 116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Cristina Coelho
- IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technology, CESPU-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585 116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Paulo Miller
- IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technology, CESPU-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585 116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Maria Begoña Criado
- IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technology, CESPU-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585 116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Maria Céu Monteiro
- IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technology, CESPU-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585 116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal.
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Sousa MGDC, Xavier PD, Cantuária APDC, Amorim IA, Almeida JA, Franco OL, Rezende TMB. Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory in vitro profile of double antibiotic paste. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1850-1860. [PMID: 34033685 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity of double antibiotic paste (DAP) in an in vitro infection model. METHODOLOGY The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) and the antibiofilm activities (TTC assay) of DAP and its components (ciprofloxacin and metronidazole) were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis compared with triple antibiotic paste (TAP). The cellular viability of RAW 264.7 macrophages (24 and 72 h) and L929 fibroblasts (48 and 72 h) was evaluated by MTT. Furthermore, the production of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-10 and NO (on RAW 264.7), besides IL-6, TGF-β and NO (on L929), stimulated with DAP in baseline and associated with heat-killed microbial-antigen conditions was measured by ELISA and Griess reaction. Data were analysed using the one-way ANOVA test with Bonferroni's corrections. RESULTS The MBC of pharmacopoeia DAP was similar to TAP for E. faecalis (0.25 μg. mL-1 ) and lower for S. aureus (DAP 1 μg. mL-1 and TAP 2 μg. mL-1 ; p < .001). Ciprofloxacin was the most effective antibiofilm drug from the pastes (35% of reduction for E. faecalis and S. aureus; p < .0001), and both pastes had a similar antibiofilm eradication against both biofilm species (29% and 35% for S. aureus and 76% and 85% for E. faecalis; p < .0001). DAP was cytotoxic against the tested cells. DAP significantly upregulated IL-1α (p < .001), IL-6 (p < .0001), TNF-α (p < .01) and IL-12 (p < .05; in the absence of antigens) and significantly reduced IL-6 (p < .0001; in the presence of HK-S. aureus) and IL-10 (p < .05; in the presence of both antigens) on macrophages. Furthermore, DAP upregulated IL-6 (p < .001) and NO (p < .05; in the absence of antigens), IL-6 (p < .001; in the presence of HK-S. aureus) and reduced NO (p < .001; in the presence of HK-S. aureus). CONCLUSIONS Double antibiotic paste and TAP had similar antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. faecalis. DAP upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines mainly in the absence of antigens and had pro- and anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and L929 fibroblasts in the presence of antigens involved in pulp infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Gonçalves da Costa Sousa
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ingrid Aquino Amorim
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Curso de Odontologia, Centro Universitário Unieuro, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Jeeser Alves Almeida
- Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Taia Maria Berto Rezende
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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11
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Sousa MGC, Xavier PD, Cantuária APDC, Porcino RA, Almeida JA, Franco OL, Rezende TMB. Host defense peptide IDR-1002 associated with ciprofloxacin as a new antimicrobial and immunomodulatory strategy for dental pulp revascularization therapy. Microb Pathog 2020; 152:104634. [PMID: 33242643 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative therapies such as dental pulpal revascularization appear as an option for traumatized immature permanent teeth. However, the triple antibiotic paste - TAP (metronidazole, minocycline, and ciprofloxacin), used for these therapies, can generate cytotoxicity and dentin discoloration. In contrast, host defense peptides (HDPs) are promising antimicrobial and immunomodulatory biomolecules for dentistry. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial activity (against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and the immunomodulatory potential (by the evaluation of IL-1α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-10, TNF-α and NO, in RAW 264.7 macrophages and IL-6, TGF-β and NO, in L929 fibroblast) of synthetic peptides (DJK-6, IDR-1018, and IDR-1002), compared to TAP in an in vitro infection model containing heat-killed antigens from E. faecalis and S. aureus. Furthermore, the synergistic potential of ciprofloxacin and IDR-1002 was evaluated by checkerboard. Ciprofloxacin was the best antimicrobial of TAP, besides acting in synergism with IDR-1002. TAP was pro-inflammatory (p < 0.05), while the association of ciprofloxacin and IDR-1002 presented an anti-inflammatory profile mainly in the presence of both heat-killed antigens (p < 0.05). Based on these results, ciprofloxacin associated with IDR-1002 may demonstrate an efficient antimicrobial and immunomodulatory action in this in vitro model. Further in vivo studies may determine the real potential of this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Gonçalves C Sousa
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Patrícia D Xavier
- Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de C Cantuária
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Rayssa A Porcino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Jeeser A Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Octávio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Taia Maria B Rezende
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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12
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Rocha MP, Santos MS, Rodrigues PLF, Araújo TSD, de Oliveira JM, Rosa LP, Bagnato VS, da Silva FC. Photodynamic therapry with curcumin in the reduction of enterococcus faecalis biofilm in bone cavity: rMicrobiological and spectral fluorescense analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102084. [PMID: 33176181 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a therapeutic strategy to conventional procedures using antibiotics. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of PDT using blue light emitting diode (LED) associated with curcumin on biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis in bovine bone cavities and also to analyze the presence of these biofilms through spectral fluorescence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Standardized suspensions of E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) were incubated in artificial bone cavities for 14 days at 36 °C ± 1 °C for biofilm formation. The test specimens were distributed among the four experimental groups (n = 10): L-C- (control), L + C- (LED for 5 min), L-C+ (curcumin for 5 min) and L + C+ (PDT). Aliquots were collected from the bone cavities after treatments and seeded on BHI agar for 24 h at 36 °C ± 1 °C for CFU count. Before and after each treatment the specimens were submitted to spectral fluorescence, whose images were compared in the Image J program. The log10 CFU/mL results were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test (5%) and the biofilm fluorescence spectroscopy results were submitted to the Wilcoxon test (5%). RESULTS All treatments presented statistical difference when compared to the control, and PDT was responsible for the largest reduction (1.92 log10 CFU/mL). There was a reduction in the fluorescence emitted after the treatments, with greater statistical difference in the PDT group. CONCLUSION PDT was efficient in the reduction of E. faecalis biofilms. In all groups post treatment there was a significant reduction of biofilms in the fluorescence spectroscopy images with greater reduction in the PDT group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Porto Rocha
- Multidisciplinary Institute in Health, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Sousa Santos
- Multidisciplinary Institute in Health, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Luciano Pereira Rosa
- Multidisciplinary Institute in Health, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Brazil.
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13
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Sousa MGDC, Xavier PD, Lima SMDF, Almeida JAD, Franco OL, Rezende TMB. Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus stimulate nitric oxide production in macrophages and fibroblasts in vitro. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.20396/bjos.v19i0.8657039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator related to damage of the pulp tissue and at the same time to regenerative pulp processes. However, it is not clear how common endodontic microorganisms can regulate this mediator. This study aimed to investigate NO production by macrophages and fibroblasts against Enterococcus faecalis- and Staphylococcus aureus-antigens. Methods: RAW 264.7 macrophages and L929 fibroblast cell lines were stimulated with different heat-killed (HK) antigen concentrations (105-108 colony forming units - CFU) from E. faecalis and S. aureus with or without interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Cell viability by MTT colorimetric assay and NO production from the culture supernatants were evaluated after 72 h. Results: Data here reported demonstrated that none of the antigen concentrations decreased cell viability in macrophages and fibroblasts. The presence of HK-S. aureus and HK-E. faecalis antigen- stimulated NO production with or without IFN-γ on RAW 264.7. The HK-S. aureus antigen stimulated NO production in L929 fibroblasts with or without IFN-γ, and the highest concentration of HK-E. faecalis with IFN-γ also stimulated NO production by these cells. Conclusion: The amount of NO produced by macrophages and fibroblasts may be involved in the concentration and type of prevalent endodontic microorganisms, generating new answers for the understanding of pulpal revascularization/regeneration processes.
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14
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Hussein H, Kishen A. Antibiofilm and Immune Response of Engineered Bioactive Nanoparticles for Endodontic Disinfection. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E730. [PMID: 32182743 PMCID: PMC7141246 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological aim of root canal treatment is to facilitate periapical tissue healing following endodontic therapy. This study aimed to develop an organotypic infected root canal model to understand the interaction of bacterial biofilm with macrophages and study the therapeutic effect of engineered bioactive chitosan nanoparticles (CSnp) on macrophages. Ex-vivo experiments were conducted in two phases; Phase-1: Enterococcus faecalis biofilms (two and six weeks old) developed in organotypic root canal model were used to characterize residual biofilm after conventional chemical treatment alone and combined with CSnp utilizing Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and colony-forming units from pulverized dentin. Phase-2: The interaction of post-treatment biofilm and RAW macrophages was evaluated regarding pro/anti-inflammatory markers, cell viability and spreading at 24, 48 and 72 h. Compared to conventionally disinfected six-week-old biofilm, CSnp resulted in less viable bacteria (p < 0.01). Scanning electron micrographs demonstrated disruption of the biofilm. CSnp exhibited less residual bacterial load in pulverized dentin (p < 0.001). Macrophage interaction with CSnp-treated biofilm reduced proinflammatory markers (nitric oxide, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), increased anti-inflammatory marker (TGF-β1) and enhanced cell survival and spreading over time (p < 0.01 at 72 h). Engineered chitosan nanoparticles concurrently inactivated biofilm and altered the inflammatory response of macrophages that would promote healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatullah Hussein
- The Kishen Lab, Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Anil Kishen
- The Kishen Lab, Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
- School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
- Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
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15
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Dantas EMGL, Lima SMF, Cantuária APC, Amorim IA, Almeida JA, Cunha TF, Franco OL, Rezende TMB. Synergistic activity of chlorhexidine and synoeca-MP peptide against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16068-16079. [PMID: 30740688 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities and cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine (CHX) and synoeca-MP peptide alone or in combination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antimicrobial property was evaluated by the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and planktonic bacteria and biofilm inhibition. Immunomodulatory activity was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nitric oxide production by the Griess reaction method. According to the results, synoeca-MP combined with CHX demonstrated antimicrobial effectiveness compared with its isolated use, in addition to immunomodulatory activity (upregulating MPC-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α and downregulating nitric oxide and interleukin-10). In this context, it is expected that the substances, together, could be capable of controlling bacterial infection and dissemination, besides potentiating macrophages' immune response against the studied microorganism. Moreover, reducing the CHX concentration by the addition of synoeca-MP peptide may, in a beneficial way, minimize the undesirable effects of both, CHX and synoeca-MP in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M G L Dantas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.,Curso de Odontologia, Escola de Saúde, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus 1, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Escola de Saúde, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Stella M F Lima
- Curso de Odontologia, Escola de Saúde, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus 1, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Escola de Saúde, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula C Cantuária
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Ingrid A Amorim
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Escola de Saúde, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Jeeser A Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tássio F Cunha
- Curso de Odontologia, Escola de Saúde, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus 1, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Octávio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Escola de Saúde, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.,Programa de Doutorado da Rede Centro-Oeste, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.,S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Taia M B Rezende
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.,Curso de Odontologia, Escola de Saúde, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus 1, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Escola de Saúde, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
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16
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Ramirez T, Shrestha A, Kishen A. Inflammatory potential of monospecies biofilm matrix components. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1020-1027. [PMID: 30719720 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the inflammatory potential of biofilm matrix constituents of Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa monospecies biofilms on macrophages. METHODOLOGY In vitro biofilms of E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa were grown (7 days) in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The biofilm matrix components: exopolysaccharides (EPS) and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were extracted and quantified. The inflammatory potential of EPS and eDNA was assessed on macrophage cell lines (RAW 267.4) using nitric oxide (NO), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expressions. LPS from P. aeruginosa and planktonic bacteria were positive controls. One-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post hoc test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Extracted EPS from both biofilm strains was associated with higher levels than eDNA in both growth conditions (P < 0.05). The biofilm components had less inflammatory potential compared to planktonic bacteria and LPS. EPS produced higher levels of inflammatory response compared to eDNA for both strains (P < 0.05). IL-6 and TNF-α, and NO expression showed no difference for E. faecalis EPS (P ≥ 0.05). In contrast, P. aeruginosa EPS and eDNA had significant levels of IL-6 compared to TNF-α and NO (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Monospecies biofilm matrix EPS and eDNA from the bacterial strains tested had the ability to induce a low-grade inflammatory response when compared to planktonic bacteria and LPS. This study highlights the potential of biofilm matrix/components, devoid of bacteria to induce low-grade chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ramirez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - A Shrestha
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Kishen
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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17
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Lima SMF, Freire MS, Gomes ALO, Cantuária APC, Dutra FRP, Magalhães BS, Sousa MGC, Migliolo L, Almeida JA, Franco OL, Rezende TMB. Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity of host defense peptides, clavanins and LL-37, in vitro: An endodontic perspective. Peptides 2017; 95:16-24. [PMID: 28712894 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Endodontic treatment is mainly based on root canal disinfection and its failure may be motivated by microbial resistance. Endodontic therapy can be benefitted by host defense peptides (HDPs), which are multifunctional molecules that act against persistent infection and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activity of several HDPs, namely clavanin A, clavanin A modified (MO) and LL-37, compared to intracanal medication Ca(OH)2. HDPs and Ca(OH)2 were evaluated by: (1) antimicrobial assays against Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis, (2) cytotoxicity assays and (3) cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 and nitric oxide (NO) production by RAW 264.7 cells incubated with or without heat-killed (HK) C. albicans or E. faecalis combined or not with interferon-γ. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was established only for E. faecalis (LL-37, 57μM). Considering cytotoxicity, clavanin MO was able to reduce cell viability in many groups and demonstrated lowest LC50. The Ca(OH)2 up-regulated the production of MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-6 and down-regulated IL-1α, IL-10 and NO. Clavanins up-regulated the TNF-α and NO and down-regulated IL-10 production. LL-37 demonstrated up-regulation of IL-6 and TNF-α production and down-regulation in IL-10 and NO production. In conclusion, LL-37 demonstrated better antibacterial potential. In addition, Ca(OH)2 demonstrated a proinflammatory response, while the HDPs modulated the inflammatory response from non-interference with the active cytokines in the osteoclastogenesis process, probably promoting the health of periradicular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Maris F Lima
- Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus I, QS 07 Lote 01 EPCT, 71966-700, Águas Claras, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, 70790-160, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Mirna S Freire
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, 70790-160, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Programa de Doutorado da Rede Centro-Oeste, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa O Gomes
- Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus I, QS 07 Lote 01 EPCT, 71966-700, Águas Claras, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, 70790-160, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula C Cantuária
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, 70790-160, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Flávia Rodrigues P Dutra
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, 70790-160, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S Magalhães
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, 70790-160, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Grupo de Engenharia Metabólica Aplicada a Bioprocessos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Maurício Gonçalves C Sousa
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, 70790-160, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, 70790-160, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Av. Tamandaré, 6000, Jardim Seminário, 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jeeser A Almeida
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, Cidade Universitária, 79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Octávio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, 70790-160, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Programa de Doutorado da Rede Centro-Oeste, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Av. Tamandaré, 6000, Jardim Seminário, 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Taia Maria B Rezende
- Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus I, QS 07 Lote 01 EPCT, 71966-700, Águas Claras, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus Avançado Asa Norte, SGAN 916 Módulo B Avenida W5, 70790-160, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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18
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Freitas CG, Lima SMF, Freire MS, Cantuária APC, Júnior NGO, Santos TS, Folha JS, Ribeiro SM, Dias SC, Rezende TMB, Albuquerque P, Nicola AM, de la Fuente-Núñez C, Hancock REW, Franco OL, Felipe MSS. An Immunomodulatory Peptide Confers Protection in an Experimental Candidemia Murine Model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e02518-16. [PMID: 28559266 PMCID: PMC5527641 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02518-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal Candida species are commensals present in the mammalian skin and mucous membranes. Candida spp. are capable of breaching the epithelial barrier of immunocompromised patients with neutrophil and cell-mediated immune dysfunctions and can also disseminate to multiple organs through the bloodstream. Here we examined the action of innate defense regulator 1018 (IDR-1018), a 12-amino-acid-residue peptide derived from bovine bactenecin (Bac2A): IDR-1018 showed weak antifungal and antibiofilm activity against a Candida albicans laboratory strain (ATCC 10231) and a clinical isolate (CI) (MICs of 32 and 64 μg · ml-1, respectively), while 8-fold lower concentrations led to dissolution of the fungal cells from preformed biofilms. IDR-1018 at 128 μg · ml-1 was not hemolytic when tested against murine red blood cells and also has not shown a cytotoxic effect on murine monocyte RAW 264.7 and primary murine macrophage cells at the tested concentrations. IDR-1018 modulated the cytokine profile during challenge of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages with heat-killed C. albicans (HKCA) antigens by increasing monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels, while suppressing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12 levels. Mice treated with IDR-1018 at 10 mg · kg-1 of body weight had an increased survival rate in the candidemia model compared with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated mice, together with a diminished kidney fungal burden. Thus, IDR-1018 was able to protect against murine experimental candidemia and has the potential as an adjunctive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila G Freitas
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Stella M F Lima
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mirna S Freire
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade-Rede Centro-oeste, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula C Cantuária
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nelson G O Júnior
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Tatiane S Santos
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Jéssica S Folha
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Suzana M Ribeiro
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Simoni C Dias
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Taia M B Rezende
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - André M Nicola
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - César de la Fuente-Núñez
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Biophysics Program, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Center for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Octávio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- S-Inova Biotech-Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade-Rede Centro-oeste, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Maria Sueli S Felipe
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- S-Inova Biotech-Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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